Ratings for the Mining and Environmental Remediation and Improvement Project for Zambia were as follows: outcomes were moderately unsatisfactory, the Bank performance was moderately unsatisfactory, and...
This background paper delves deeper into the analysis of technical aspects of the LIC-DSF econometric model and implementation, the use of debt-carrying capacity as tool to parsimoniously capture country...
This International Finance Corporation (IFC) Research Note analyzes the cost of borrowing for firms in emerging and developing economies, changes in their debt structure, and indicators of indebtedness...
According to the updated Low-Income Country Debt Sustainability Framework (LIC DSF), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) remains at a moderate risk of external and overall debt distress, with some...
Following the 2020 Management Action Record (MAR) reforms, World Bank Group (WBG) Management prepares an annual self-assessment of its progress toward implementing the full range of outstanding Independent...
Ethiopia faces political, economic, and humanitarian challenges. Support from the international community weakened notably during the two-year conflict in Tigray but is now resuming. Bunching of debt service...
The overall and external debt of the Republic of Congo are classified as “in distress,” reflecting the ongoing restructuring and audit of domestic arrears, as well as the recurrent accumulation of temporary...
Benin remains at moderate risk of external and overall debt distress, unchanged from the previous Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA). All projected external debt burden indicators remain below high-risk...
Bangladesh remains at a low risk of external and overall debt distress. Bangladesh’s debt-carrying capacity is unchanged from the previous debt sustainability analysis (DSA). External and overall debt...
The Central African Republic (CAR) remains at high risk of external debt distress and overall high risk of debt distress. Public debt is projected to be sustainable, though there are substantial liquidity...
Guinea remains at moderate risk of external debt distress. All external debt ratios lie sufficiently below thresholds to allow some space to absorb shocks. The risk of overall public debt distress has...
The global economy is in its third year of deceleration amidst declining inflation and oil prices. The MENA region grew at 1.9 percent in 2023 and is forecasted to grow at 2.7 percent in 2024. And for...
The Maldives remains at a high risk of external and overall debt distress same as the previous Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) external gross financing needs have increased relative to the previous...
The economy is recovering from external shocks induced by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and higher inflation, and the outlook has improved. Given the implementation of fiscal consolidation, Uganda’s public...
This paper discusses both the relevance of economic and social rights (ESRs) for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing in the sovereign debt asset class and how to start incorporating these...
The purpose of this report is to assess whether digitizing the equity or debt financing used for infrastructure projects using blockchain, that is, tokenized infrastructure, provides enough benefits to...
The publication A Sum of Parts : Sovereign Debt Measurement and Reporting explores the role of accrual basis accounting and related financial reporting frameworks as a factor in fostering debt transparency...
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic put significant pressures on fiscal accounts during 2020 through a contraction of revenues and increased spending needs to tackle the pandemic and its economic...