Documentos e informes
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : haulage using animals in civil construction (Inglés)
This memorandum is a continuation of the work on haulage and the work-output of animals performed earlier in the study. Haulage work in civil construction, especially in earthworks, is characterized by...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN313 Fecha del documento: 28 de febrero de 1978 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : hand tools for earthworks and stone breaking (Inglés)
This memorandum describes hand tools used in the excavating and loading activities in labor-intensive earthworks and hand hammers suitable for stone breaking. Guidance is offered on the selection of appropriate...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN314 Fecha del documento: 28 de febrero de 1978 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : the relationship of nutrition and health to worker productivity in Kenya (Inglés)
An investigation of certain nutritional and health factors possibly related to worker productivity was undertaken as part of the Rural Access Roads Program in Kenya, where labor-intensive methods are being...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN312 Fecha del documento: 31 de mayo de 1977 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : aggregate production (Inglés)
Aggregates are used extensively in civil construction and the cost of their production is often a significant part of the total project cost. Usually it is necessary to crush or break quarried rock and/or...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN311 Fecha del documento: 30 de junio de 1976 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : haulage using aerial ropeways (Inglés)
In seeking to make labor-intensive construction methods more productive and efficient, an important principle to be observed is to make the best use of human work capacity by minimizing energy-consuming...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN308 Fecha del documento: 30 de junio de 1976 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : the use of rail systems in civil construction (Inglés)
This memorandum discusses rail-based haulage systems applicable to civil construction work and assesses their suitability for different tasks. The assessments are based on recent observations from experimental...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN309 Fecha del documento: 30 de junio de 1976 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment : the use of agricultural tractor / trailer (Inglés)
This memorandum describes the use of agricultural tractors to haul construction materials in trailers, explains the problems in their use and discusses ways of overcoming these problems. Various options...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN310 Fecha del documento: 30 de junio de 1976 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : excavation (Inglés)
The activity of excavation is basic to all civil engineering projects to a greater or lesser degree. This paper presents excavation data from sites in India and Indonesia largely from observations of ongoing...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN305 Fecha del documento: 29 de febrero de 1976 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : loading and unloading activities (Inglés)
The loading and unloading of materials into or from vehicles and other equipment are activities which occur on all civil construction projects. During this study observations were made of manual loading...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN306 Fecha del documento: 29 de febrero de 1976 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : a literature review of the work output of animals with particular reference to their use in civil construction (Inglés)
This memorandum is the summary of a short literature review study of animals and their productivity, which should be read in conjunction with the memorandum on ergonomics. It concentrates on the horse...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN307 Fecha del documento: 29 de febrero de 1976 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : spreading activities in civil construction (Inglés)
Many of the operations in civil construction, such as road surfacing and earthworks, are achieved by spreading material in layers, frequently with each layer being compacted before the next layer is laid...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN304 Fecha del documento: 31 de diciembre de 1975 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : hardware research summary (Inglés)
Hardware used in civil construction ranges from simple tools to large expensive motorized equipment. This memorandum concentrates on the identification and classification of hardware used in earthworks...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN300 Fecha del documento: 31 de octubre de 1975 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : haulage by headbaskets, shoulder yokes and other manual load carrying methods (Inglés)
In labor-intensive civil construction the most basic method of moving material is the direct carrying of the load by the available manpower. Headbaskets and shoulder yokes are the most widely used. This...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN298 Fecha del documento: 31 de octubre de 1975 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : the use of wheelbarrows in civil construction (Inglés)
This memorandum, which is complementary to earlier experiments on wheelbarrows, describes the characteristics of wheelbarrows, the mechanics of their use, various aspects of their design, and features...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN299 Fecha del documento: 31 de octubre de 1975 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : lever cranes (Inglés)
This memorandum describes the testing of two types of manually-powered lever cranes on a canal excavation site in Indonesia. Traditionally soil is moved by headbaskets on such sites, which involves the...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN302 Fecha del documento: 31 de octubre de 1975 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : compaction (Inglés)
Compaction is an important aspect of most civil engineering construction, applicable in earth and rockfill embankments, layered materials such as road pavements, and concrete prior to setting. This memorandum...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN303 Fecha del documento: 31 de octubre de 1975 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : the planning and control of production, productivity and costs in civil construction projects (Inglés)
The planning and efficient control of production, productivity and costs in a civil construction project is the major task of site management. This memorandum briefly discusses planning and describes a...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN301 Fecha del documento: 31 de octubre de 1975 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : productivity rates of earthmoving machines (Inglés)
This supplement attempts to amplify certain points made by the study of productivity rates of earth moving machines, including bulldozers, motorized scrapers, towed scrapers, and front-end loaders. Specifically...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN293 Fecha del documento: 31 de agosto de 1975 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : a literature review of the ergonomics of labor - intensive civil construction (Inglés)
This paper summarizes a review of the literature on ergonomics relevant to labor-intensive civil construction techniques. It confines itself mainly to the energy aspects of physiological cost. Ergonomics...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN297 Fecha del documento: 31 de agosto de 1975 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank
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World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction : report of first road demonstration project : World Bank study of the substitution of labor and equipment in civil construction (Inglés)
The first road demonstration project consisted of advanced earthworks and pavement construction to provide a length of new road in mountainous country in Northwest India. Although the experiments were...
Tipo de documento: Documento de trabajo Número del informe: UNN295 Fecha del documento: 31 de agosto de 1975 Tipo de divulgación: Disclosed Autor: World Bank