The term food smart refers to a food system that is efficient, meets the food needs of a country, and is environmentally sustainable. Reducing food loss and waste (FLW) is one of the critical pillars to...
The term food smart refers to a food system that is efficient, meets the food needs of a country, and is environmentally sustainable. Reducing food loss and waste (FLW) is one of the critical pillars to...
The lack of growth in the Brazilian sugarcane-ethanol complex since the 2008 financial crisis has been blamed on policies: lower mandate, holding gasoline prices below world levels, high fuel taxes, and...
Facing a huge fiscal burden due to imports of entire petroleum despite the availability of a surplus of agricultural land to produce biofuels, Zambia, a country in Sub-Saharan Africa, has recently introduced...
Using an empirical model, this study provides some insights into the functioning of the oilseed-biodiesel-diesel market complex in a large country that determines the biodiesel price, reflecting market...
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the literature on the political economy of policy instrument choice and relate it to the experiences in agriculture. The paper is therefore organized...
Agriculture is yet again causing contention in international trade negotiations. It caused long delays to the Uruguay Round in the late 1980s and 1990s, and it is again proving to be the major stumbling...
Agricultural protection, particularly in high income countries, have induced overproduction, thereby depressing world commodity prices and reducing export shares of countries which do not support agriculture...
Export subsidies, like import taxes, highly distort trade. Consequently, the WTO should act vigorously to achieve their phaseout. Commitments in the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) on export...
The conversion of all non-tariff measures into bound tariffs with reduction commitments and the introduction of minimum access commitments in the form of import quotas (as a share of domestic consumption)...
Domestic agricultural support was classified in the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) with a complex system of boxes that ranked programs according to their effect on trade. Policies deemed...
This paper examines the effects of rationing import quotas by licenses-on-demand. We analyze the Nash equilibrium for a game where prizes are allocated on a prorated basis and bidding is costless. Factors...
This paper analyzes rent seeking for agricultural import quotas and the associated waste of resources when politically contestable licenses are allocated to either or both importers and exporters. In a...
This paper takes a hard look at developments in agricultural policies since the Uruguay Round in the context of commitments made under domestic support. An overview of policy developments is presented...
The purpose of this paper is to summarize issues relevant for export state trading enterprises and identify an analytical framework to analyze their effects on welfare and trade. The authors analyze the...
Agricultural support programs are designed to protect farmers have undergone major reforms worldwide since the inception of the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations in the mid 1980s. The impetus for these...
This paper reviews and evaluates developments in agricultural policies since the Uruguay Round in the context of commitments made under export competition (through the use of export subsidies). An overview...
This paper goes beyond orthodox considerations of direct payment effects on agricultural output, by highlighting the role of subsidies in affecting individual producers' ability to cover fixed costs, and...
This paper identifies three types of export subsidies: taxpayer, consumer only, and producer financed. A consumer only financed export subsidy involves price discrimination and revenue pooling. The paper...