This briefing note looks at issues in the measurement of coverage by the formal pension system of people of working age. It is the second in a series describing the World Bank's Pension Reform Indicators...
This note discusses how expected benefit levels can be assessed. The note points out the measurement of current benefit levels that are observable: they do not depend on any assumptions about the future...
This introductory note updates the Bank's database on pensions, that was first established in the early 1990s to inform the research analysis on averting the old age crisis, and formulating policies to...
This note briefly sets out a methodology for calculating prospective pension entitlements promised in the future to today’s workers. This method can (and has been) applied to a wide range of countries...
The recent financial crisis means that investment risk is at the forefront of the minds of the public and policymakers alike. But there is a range of risks and uncertainties in pension systems. At the...
This report on financial sustainability assesses the finances of pension systems over the long run. Issues of financial sustainability are mainly relevant to earnings-related schemes. These are of three...
This briefing note on economic efficiency explores indicators related to the incentive to work. The first part looks at the retirement decision. There is now a mountain of evidence showing that retirement...
The cost of administering public pensions matters because it must ultimately be paid by individuals, either as taxpayers or through lower benefits. High costs are a sign of administrative efficiency. A...