The Health Services and Social Assistance Project for Moldova received a moderately satisfactory outcome rating with moderate risk to development outcome.
... Vea más + Both the Bank and the Borrower received moderately satisfactory performance ratings. The project was restricted twice. Due to a lack of progress on implementation the following changes were made to the project: (a) revision of the RF to provide more effective monitoring; and (b) extension of the credit closing date. A component was also added to the project as part of the additional financing grant. Component 4: Protecting health and nutritional status, provided financing to cover expenses related to (a) procurement of commodities (food and nutritional supplements) for pregnant or lactating women and children under 3 years of age; and (b) cash transfers to specialized institutions, which provided food to children, handicapped people, the homeless, orphans, the elderly, and victims of domestic violence, and other vulnerable groups to compensate for food price increases. The following lessons were learned from this project: (1) Health and social sector reforms are costly, but long lasting. (2) Strong government ownership is important, mainly with reform-oriented projects. Reforms in health and social sectors are not purely about technical issues, but depend profoundly on ownership, institutional capacity, and the political process. (3) Elections and changes in the cabinet of ministries influenced the governments decisions and attitudes toward the ongoing reforms. (4) Reaching agreement among stakeholders is crucial. This applies not only during preparation but also during implementation, as it can affect the success and sustainability of any reform. (5) It is difficult to institute a results-centered attitude.
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Informe final de ejecución y resultados ICR3378 FEB 25, 2015
The Obsolete Pesticides Disposal and Prevention Project in Mali seeks to rid the country of stocks of obsolete pesticides and associated wastes inventoried in an environment friendly manner.
... Vea más + It has three components: 1. Disposal of publicly held OPs and associated waste and reduction of risk from priority, high risk, contaminated sites; 2. Limiting the accumulation of OPs and associated waste by consolidating the achievements of the Africa Stockpiles Programme; 3. Project management. This environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) concerns the environmental and social feasibility of the sub component, "Disposal and decontamination of highly polluted sites, in particular Goundam Bambara Maoudé and Kara" (component 1). The "Disposal" component comprises the following phases: Ensuring the safety of pesticide stocks repackaging of stocks and safeguarding of facilities; interim storage of stocks; transportation of stocks; actual disposal of stocks. The body of the report indicates the many objectives and activities the project will consist of. The assessment was conducted in accordance with Malian regulations (regulatory and institutional framework governing the management of pesticides in Mali).
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The objective of the First Phase of the River Bank Improvement Project for Bangladesh is to reduce the adverse impacts of flooding and erosion along the Brahmaputra right embankment, enhance its sustainable management and improve accessibility along the Brahmaputra Right-bank Embankment (BRE) corridor.
... Vea más + Negative impacts include: loss of trees and crops, loss of asset, loss of structure, loss of land acquisition, loss of income, and loss of livelihood. Mitigation measures include: revetment works by the project; replacement value for land and other assets; all affected persons will be eligible for relocation and resettlement at project costs; BWDB will establish a system of early warning under this project; mosque, school and madrasahs will be constructed with better condition and facilities. Graveyard will be shifted to nearby locations; and severely affected HHs will receive additional cash compensation; laborers will receive cash compensation and job opportunity during construction period. Training on poultry, fisheries farming and new skill development training will be provided. The project will take more enhancement measures through livelihood program.
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The development objective of the Eastern Africa Regional Transport, Trade, and Development Facilitation Project for South Sudan is to enhance regional connectivity and integration of South Sudan with its Eastern Africa neighboring countries.
... Vea más + Negative impacts include: soil erosion and degradation, vegetation loss, public health and occupational safety problems, water and soil contamination, noise and air pollution, traffic, waste, and loss of land. Mitigation measures include: (1) installing drainage structures; (2) installing erosion control measures; (3) planting and grassing just before the rains; (4) monitoring solid waste disposal and collection; (5) disposing wastewater sewage at contractors' workmen camps; (6) providing protective gear for workers in high level noise; (7) spraying water on deviations, temporary roads leading to quarry site, barrow pits, and bitumen mixing site; and (8) installing warning signs on approach to trade centers and busy junction.
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The objective of the Erosion and Watershed Management Project for Nigeria is to restore degraded lands and reduce longer-term erosion vulnerability in targeted areas.
... Vea más + Negative measures include: increased traffic; air and noise emissions; solid wastes generation and handling; effluents; use of natural resources; earth movements such as landslides, earth flow, mud flow, etc; occupational and public health issues; biodiversity loss, endangered and exotic species; and flooding. Mitigation measures include: a) proper disposal of construction spoil and any hazardous waste will be stored in areas clearly designated and labelled; b) providing complimentary livelihood (promoting alternative means of income (which is sustainable and adaptable for each community); c) ensure that the air quality levels are constantly monitored which can be obtained from relevant local air pollution control agencies or metrology units in the states; d) roadway runoff will not be placed directly into watercourses but allowed to flow over grassed or pervious pavements in order to permit the settling out of fine materials; and e) ensure that all road signs are completed with speed limits zones and traffic signs in place.
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The development objectives of the Serving People, Improving Health Project for Ukraine are to improve the quality of health services in selected Oblasts, with special focus on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, and to enhance efficiency of the health care system.
... Vea más + The project is made up of three components. Under component 1 (Improving service delivery at the local level) the Project provides financing to selected Oblasts to carry out investment sub-projects aimed at prevention, early detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and at increasing efficiency of their health care delivery system (Oblast Sub-projects), including activities focused on improving primary health care, fighting cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) at the primary and secondary care levels, early cancer detection, and health delivery system rationalization. Component 2 (Strengthening Ministry of Health MoH governance) has been clustered around five thematic areas, with MoH as implementing agency: Payment System Reform, eHealth - Information Systems Development, Public Health, Information and Communication, and Capacity Building. In addition, a decision has been made to bundle the resources of the five subcomponents into a common pool. Component 3 (Project implementation support, and monitoring and evalutation) supports the Project Consultancy Support Unit (PCSU) at national level, responsible for Project implementation support and technical assistance to the Oblasts. In addition, it would sponsor complementary data collection and analytical activities for monitoring results. Information from the existing Health Management Information System (HMIS) is complemented through audit of medical records on a sample basis, as well as through evidence based on specific, ad hoc household and facility surveys. In addition, the Project organizes learning events to educate and promote better use of evidence for policy.
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Documento de evaluación inicial de proyecto PAD939 FEB 10, 2015
The World Bank monthly operational summary reports on the status of projects in the World Bank's pipeline from the time the operation is identified to the signing of the loan, credit, or grant agreement.
... Vea más + It is detailed accountings of the projects included in the country lending programs that are actively being prepared for implementation. Each issue of the summary contains a list of projects being reported for the first time and a list of projects for which financing agreements have been signed or that have been dropped from the current program. The information contained in The World Bank monthly operational summary is intended to enable companies to assess their interest in supplying Bank-financed projects. Further information should be requested from the country's project implementing agency. The likelihood of a timely response is greater if the queries are brief and to the point. When possible, travel to the country and direct contact with relevant agency officials is recommended.
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One of the most fruitful advances in modern economics has been the introduction of psychological realism into the model of "economic man." The World Development Report 2015 organizes the evidence about how humans actually think and make decisions into a coherent framework useful for designing development policy.
... Vea más + This paper elaborates on the three principles of human thinking that constitute the report's intellectual framework: Human thinking is dual process -- automatic as well as deliberative (thinking automatically); it is conditioned by social context and the salience of social identities (thinking socially); and it is shaped by mental models that are socially constructed (thinking with mental models). Behavioral insights create scope for policy interventions that produce "miracles" from the perspective of traditional economics.
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Documento de trabajo sobre investigaciones relativas a políticas WPS7197 FEB 01, 2015
The objective of the First Phase of the River Bank Improvement Project for Bangladesh is to reduce the adverse impacts of flooding and erosion along the Brahmaputra right embankment, enhance its sustainable management and improve accessibility along the Brahmaputra Right-bank Embankment (BRE) corridor.
... Vea más + Negative impacts include: loss of trees and crops, loss of asset, loss of structure, loss of land acquisition, loss of income, and loss of livelihood. Mitigation measures include: revetment works by the project; replacement value for land and other assets; all affected persons will be eligible for relocation and resettlement at project costs; BWDB will establish a system of early warning under this project; mosque, school and madrasahs will be constructed with better condition and facilities. Graveyard will be shifted to nearby locations; and severely affected HHs will receive additional cash compensation; laborers will receive cash compensation and job opportunity during construction period. Training on poultry, fisheries farming and new skill development training will be provided. The project will take more enhancement measures through livelihood program.
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This report specifically deals with air pollution, which was reported, by the World Health Organization (WHO), as the single largest environmental health risk globally in 2012 (WHO, 2014a).
... Vea más + Air pollution from outdoor and household sources jointly account for more than 7 million deaths (3.7 million from ambient air pollution and 4.3 million from household air pollution). The following sections of this chapter present the objectives of, and key aspects of the institutional context for, this report followed by an examination of some of the major drivers of deteriorating ambient air quality in developing countries; air pollution sources and impacts; and the status of air quality management in developing countries. Chapter two presents the results of a desk-based portfolio review of World Bank projects that are relevant to reduction of air pollution. This is followed, in chapter three, by an examination of case studies of World Bank projects whose objectives include addressing ambient air pollution, highlighting good practices and lessons for future work of the Bank in supporting clients. Chapter four presents possible approaches for enhancing future Bank support in helping clients to improve air quality and reduce the associated adverse health outcomes. Chapter five presents overall conclusions and recommendations.
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Documento de trabajo (Serie Numerada) ACS9035 FEB 01, 2015
The development objective of the Secondary Education Improvement Project for Ghana is to increase access to upper secondary education in underserved school districts and improve quality in low-performing senior high schools in Ghana.
... Vea más + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) using site selection criteria for land acquisition; (2) dousing areas to be excavated with water to minimize dust emissions; (3) using traffic wardens to coordinate traffic flow; (4) providing waste skips for waste collection; (5) providing and maintaining suitable toilet facilities on school compound; and (6) installing rain gutters to harvest rain into designated receptacles for use in toilets, laboratories.
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The world has made great strides toward ending AIDS. Yet the deadly disease remains a critical development challenge for poor countries. Sub-Saharan Africa, which has only 12 percent of the global population, is home to about 68 percent of all people living with HIV.
... Vea más + Improving rates of HIV testing in order to identify and counsel infected people is necessary for halting transmission of the virus and ensuring that people who are infected can get treated. The challenge is how to improve rates of testing, especially among couples where one partner is infected and either doesnt know or hasnt told the partner. Increasingly, pay-for-performance is being considered as an option for improving health care for pregnant women and children. Development experts and policymakers are interested in whether bonus payments can work in other areas of health care, such as improving the rate of HIV testing and treatment, especially in couples. evaluation found that the payments increased the likelihood that people who were part of a couple would get tested, showing that pay-for-performance could be a route for improving testing (and thus making available information on how to prevent HIV transmission) among those who face risk of infection from their partner. The results are particularly important for Sub-Saharan Africa, where according to 2009 World Health Organization data, nearly 80 percent of HIV-infected adults are unaware of their HIV status, and more than 90 percent dont know if their partners are infected.
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The development objectives of the Electricity Transmission Network Improvement Project for Armenia are to enhance the readiness of the High Voltage Electric Networks (HVEN) and Yerevan Thermal Power Plant (TPP) to implement ETNIP, and to strengthen the capacity of HVEN and Yerevan TPP.
... Vea más + The most significant impacts arise during the construction phase. They can be traced back to wind and water erosion, dust, vehicle and equipment movement, the potential for spills, improper waste disposal, handling of hazardous substances and SF6, and power shortage during construction. The biggest threat arising from works at the substation is the generation of potentially hazardous wastes such as used oil, old batteries and possibly asbestos. The potential hazardous waste will be stored on-site until proper disposal or recycling facilities are developed or an agreement for waste disposal will be developed. Mitigation measures include: design bunds around and oil collecting system beneath transformers to prevent contamination of soil and groundwater; store used oil in suitable tanks and at proper areas at substation site including storage of already existing oil onsite; ensure that traffic is not interfered by construction through proper traffic management; Regular maintenance and service of building machinery and other during construction works; use dust-suppressing water on unpaved roads, e.g. spraying of water with watering trucks in advance of transportation activities; and inform authorities relevant for the safety of the Armenian Nuclear Power Plant in advance about any planned power cut or immediately in case of a spontaneous or accidental power cut during construction works, in order to exclude any risk for the power supply of the Nuclear Power Plant during construction works.
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The development objectives of the Electricity Transmission Network Improvement Project for Armenia are to enhance the readiness of the High Voltage Electric Networks (HVEN) and Yerevan Thermal Power Plant (TPP) to implement ETNIP, and to strengthen the capacity of HVEN and Yerevan TPP.
... Vea más + The most significant impacts arise during the construction phase. They can be traced back to wind and water erosion, dust, vehicle and equipment movement, the potential for spills, improper waste disposal, handling of hazardous substances and SF6, and power shortage during construction. The biggest threat arising from works at the substation is the generation of potentially hazardous wastes such as used oil, old batteries and possibly asbestos. The potential hazardous waste will be stored on-site until proper disposal or recycling facilities are developed or an agreement for waste disposal will be developed. Mitigation measures include: design bunds around and oil collecting system beneath transformers to prevent contamination of soil and groundwater; store used oil in suitable tanks and at proper areas at substation site including storage of already existing oil onsite; ensure that traffic is not interfered by construction through proper traffic management; Regular maintenance and service of building machinery and other during construction works; use dust-suppressing water on unpaved roads, e.g. spraying of water with watering trucks in advance of transportation activities; and inform authorities relevant for the safety of the Armenian Nuclear Power Plant in advance about any planned power cut or immediately in case of a spontaneous or accidental power cut during construction works, in order to exclude any risk for the power supply of the Nuclear Power Plant during construction works.
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The Pre-paid Health Scheme Pilot in Nigeria Project received a moderately unsatisfactory outcome performance with substantial risk to development outcome.
... Vea más + The Bank and the Borrower both received moderately unsatisfactory performance ratings. The amounts allocated to the project components were revised in June 2013 as follows: a reallocation of funds from Category 1a (Insurance Premium Subsidies) to a new Category 6 (medical services) and a reallocation of funds for the implementation of the exit strategy and for management cost from Category 1a (Insurance Premium Subsidies) to Category 1b (Marketing Subsidies), Category 2 (HIF Project Management), Category 3 (Monitoring and Evaluation), and Category 4 (Audit). The project closing date was also extended by nine months. The following seven lessons were also learned from this project: (1) Integrating impact evaluation in the design of an innovative pilot project is critical for documenting lessons learned. If an impact evaluation had been carried out, it would have helped in understanding the counterfactual (i.e. what would have happened in the absence of the project) (2) Coordination with multi-levels of Government in the design and implementation of community-based health insurance scheme is key to ownership and financial sustainability. (3) In-depth target group analysis during project preparation is necessary to inform the project design, including establishing the co-premium, selecting the appropriate target group, and minimizing adverse selection, moral hazard and other insurance risks. (4) Reviewing the acceptability of premium rates and benefit packages for enrollment by low-income employees (and their family members) at design and during implementation is critical to increasing enrollment and renewal rates. (5) Rating service providers in the health insurance scheme network and monitoring progress against quality improvement plans, contributes to enhanced compliance with the service quality standards. (6) Engaging expensive private hospitals for community based health insurance scheme can lead to excess payments by the health care management organization or lead to providers prematurely dropping out of the scheme. (7) Developing a low cost behavior change campaign and marketing strategy stimulates enrollment and re-enrollment.
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Informe final de ejecución y resultados ICR3211 JAN 30, 2015
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) is one of five areas of focus of the World Banks Reproductive Health Action Plan 2010-2015 (RHAP), which recognizes the importance of addressing ASRH as a development issue with important implications for poverty reduction.
... Vea más + Delaying childbearing and preventing unintended pregnancies during adolescence has been shown to schooling, future employment, and earnings (Greene Merrick, 2005). Early marriage often marks the beginning of exposure to the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Research has shown that adolescent marriage is associated with unplanned pregnancy, rapid repeat childbirth, inadequate use of maternal health services, and poor birth outcomes, among other negative maternal and child health outcomes (Godha, Hotchkiss, and Gage, 2013; Raj Boehmer, 2013; Santhya, 2011). Furthermore, research in Ethiopia has found that adolescent females who marry before the age of 15 are at higher risk of intimate partner violence and coercive sex than those who marry between ages 15-18 (Erulkar, 2013). At the 65th World Health Assembly, representatives agreed that early marriage is a violation of the rights of children and adolescents. Early marriage is illegal in most of the places where it occurs. It limits young girls autonomy, knowledge, resources, and decision-making power (World Bank, 2014). Adolescent marriage is also much more likely to affect females than males: in the developing world, 16 percent of females are married in comparison to 3 percent of males (UNFPA, 2013).
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Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) is one of five areas of focus of the World Banks Reproductive Health Action Plan 2010 - 2015 (RHAP), which recognizes the importance of addressing ASRH as a development issue with important implications for poverty reduction.
... Vea más + Delaying childbearing and preventing unplanned pregnancies during adolescence has been shown to improve health outcomes and increase opportunities for schooling, future employment, and earnings (Greene and Merrick, 2005). Delaying childbearing and preventing unplanned pregnancies improves health outcomes and increases opportunities for schooling, future employment, and earnings. A couple of key messages were relayed in this brief. An analysis of data from six countries showed that adolescent childbearing is closely tied to marital status. Around half (ranging from 42 percent in Nepal to 55 percent in Nigeria) of ever-married adolescent women have given birth. In comparison, non-marital adolescent childbearing is rare in all countries studied. In Bangladesh and Burkina Faso, childbearing among ever-married adolescent women is positively associated with rural residence, less wealth, and less education.
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Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) is one of five areas of focus of the World Banks Reproductive Health Action Plan 2010 - 2015 (RHAP), which recognizes the importance of addressing ASRH as a development issue with important implications for poverty reduction.
... Vea más + Delaying childbearing and preventing unintended pregnancies during adolescence has been shown to improve health outcomes and increase opportunities for schooling, future employment, and earnings (Greene Merrick, 2005). The key messages relayed in this brief are as follows: Early age at sexual debut puts young people - particularly females - at an increased risk for unplanned pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, maternal mortality and morbidity; An analysis of data from six countries showed that adolescent sexual activity is closely tied to marital status. In all six countries studied, nearly all ever-married adolescent women have had sexual intercourse, but almost all those never-married have abstained, except in Burkina Faso and Nigeria where less than one quarter of never-married women have had sexual intercourse; The age at sexual debut is also closely linked to age at marriage. Over one third of ever-married women had sexual intercourse before age 15 in Nigeria (38 percent), Bangladesh (37 percent), and Niger (37 percent); In Burkina Faso and Nigeria, sexual activity is lowest among never-married adolescent women with no education (15 percent and 7 percent, respectively).
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Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) is one of five areas of focus of the World Banks Reproductive Health Action Plan 2010 - 2015 (RHAP), which recognizes the importance of addressing ASRH as a development issue with important implications for poverty reduction.
... Vea más + A couple key messages relayed in this brief as follows: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, present a serious challenge to the health and well-being of adolescents, particularly young women, who are at greater risk of infection; An analysis of data from six countries namely, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Nepal, Niger, and Nigeria found that self-reported STIs and symptoms are low among adolescents. Although less than a third of adolescents in any of the countries have comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS, more never-married adolescent women have comprehensive knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention as compared to their ever-married counterparts. Knowledge of STIs is higher in urban than rural areas.
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