A W O R L D B A N K P O L I C Y R E S E A R C H R E P O R T .1 ...L *-||1,9 _ffi9 11_ I :s1... Ask ~, ,/ 1 , I S 21 776 I ,,. 1 - 10~I -1 _oLI, / '1t9j ~,I14Ij j,#1- @ ;1LJA JS- e: a1l , &dl 9 ,Uy__I - IJi - / ZeT, su . ,xT, r Ly3 t..s1J9149~~~~It",118 4 Ehmal Engendering Development: Through Gender Equality in Rights,Resources, & Voice Copyright C) 2001 by the International Bank for Reconstruction & Development / The World Bank ) #LoJ 4A 1__ a ; Ia Vo r * A / Vo rA ,,S1 i oc. / Z;fI1 1 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here in are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the government they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. IJi'l JJJ 91.8J-u- t91g J'Sye :5 ;> This work was originally published by the World Bank in English as Engendering Development: Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, & Voice. This Arabic translation was arranged by the Arab Institute for Research & Publishing. The Arab Institute for Research & Publishing is responsible for the accuracy of the trans- lation. In case of any discrepancies, the original language will govern. Arab Institute for Research & Publishing: ISBN 9953-36-137-1 World Bank: ISBN 0-19-521596-6 0 ~~~~~~~~~~0@ 11l'161p~~~~~~~~~ Ei l0 .3n L d- a \ *- *~~~~~~0 11n''.L*I^ 1Si 10-.|s~oni JL L- - JQZ j W'l jz-ja.) )+- A L-j)~> j I j ~~9W.~ wfiA IJI? AIW JG 8t ;L., Wi J. !JI KJ - L JI 0-I-1 i r &LJ- y i A Ji j~~d IJJI -r S 4D typ9 cY - 21 s ;If J , ~)W2~ ~ .A, jU p JL) jj ji I,v,YI ,L ,il:syl ,1 t5 Lc -I 1 L-j 0-r 4i -+ti- a a!-^L v?j i;;9 IL- 'tl zA LiUNl j <3iL-J L.4 $!L a--1!J a-JJ lzl :5I 1-! 'LSl ZL)1;. O! w1o 9 oj 9 aaXI~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. 2S0^ I> z- -j p ? lL u 9 5 '-1J 1 J L1F > 2-J-~ DT -j 2Q 91 OKk-' & *_A Ju- UX,J 3 9 .L1 CAW J! r11 L1 *91 J->-, L1 S9L4+ -J -Y, I & LA1Ji LLI Ial- Li t>; ii;:51 s :,J91 1b J tv tLu 3 H ;! ;1 aS:~~~--I! L4J LeiGI AD9 ui ! J~~~J L3 Ij% FL-JI , olJ L E -dl,l 48G1. 5191 <5Lc _1 H L3 sliJ 4L.X t-tai yJ ~~ .K, W A ^ L J ,4iOA 1 sw E uwuJ 1W s; oLl Cs i a-u; 4JI--j 'U> L6LJ) -12- 1 i !, J i D L4W L iJU I 5Ij i i I ci - - ijJl A - 7 La.j I ! S1 e 1 ,! ~~~~~~L-J aIJ 4j lJlzI i ej vU + oJl Nl lp J!JJ ,S1 ,'Y U< s l*Lc 9;U jlPi ,l L .u1- 1y , l4- i,J1 A1 A13 : W :J} -- 91 ') UIJ ,yl ,? AWI 45 - 1 JI J-,I Li ZZt.d Li 91919 l y -I I ;l- JD - L - J I JAI J 4A a ilii 5J >s L1 oS Xi 9 u91 J Z- ji . w ;1,LW ~~~~~~~~J L4J ~ ~ ~ oi,lJ &J 8 6 y ~~ - -. -[ 1 1C ,r <~~ .Q} S - +r:;j rfw ,:>)1 Ja/K ,41 J!~ ,W 1~ 1 y. S ) 41 ?*> -v ,, Jfb W s l W r1y zz,~ji o z JS , 4Cy~L s j~ ' 4W J , Jy 4j,,yAA J9 $ Wj 4Li 4LJy eJ5 4!upLASJ iJ{~ 4g1)U 4.s 4UZN) 4 j~~~i U`--j*4A L~ 10 j '. 1 '1 9>9 '3S ! '> Jj ' LZ -G-5 9 L) jr Jl I Wu,) jyA S 9i99 y 9y WLJ1 ySZ l' ' L4 3,W 3U J J1 Js,14y A"; j U &jul 2, Lz 4WI! G W1,,3,;IJ ,SI u8I< G ols^Jl JI WJ!W9 11l L4.A Q.X1 SirLJ J - 3 sis CUl Ij (5 +;>K) "2000 ;, J + J I 12 I^ t I 4 1y J_l LxU la _9J .oty ,KJ ,39 <1 -IIU JLLU JpX 4 yJ ,AJ X A! .a4 LAJIJ 2LiJ -. ;Sl!~ s$xW2 j> ;A uX j;l . 1 1p JJ J JI Lir-z 'L5 6 ~~ -~~~ L; ;IL J~~~~~~~~L L-11~~1 eg - ab-o41i Z -~ j S i 3LAl -y oJ;l w)LI s -Py o L) j - 1?S;?foL. J j L) eL-' y lJl L)J; <:>Ual ; ZIl y UJ I1 Z .2 A I j_4: 8l,-) l; uXiJ i!.J 5 5 S w AU a^ ilj aI :e w>r jblj! Lol ,r L.L4P Zr S 1 OJ>;J *'GI lJllCXt;4L ;1;P! G;)J 4 L)~~~:2 L ojlll :.,L Lj; S 1 - J2J .Ji p1 9 *a;LS 913 31 Jog4 1tV ;9>.tiJ ,3Ij.~Ij <19d~tI IO - oL l U-- jsz 4a.u JU, c L !L4 j- 9 b --- s 4,qisl 1! X y1 o;> L~,-l F.L1 +L ,19 &j JLA4 J u a9 4 LPL-- ykK, L SL- -; W-tl S 19, AiL- - L1 15 Li i,,191,~~ Z-,Z 9 5, Lu1 yl L -,i JS> a;e J y , &, M9~~~~15A -S 1l JMJ ; 1 A ,1 J, .Q.J 4,+ oJ_l ag, A-f jaGe i 5LP 1 1 L y yj,g ZL i l , J di 4JAL &A-UL JiiL 61 1-Lui >-,i o U C ozSJ ;s <-!WR AJ 1JIJ!JI.S osS eplj olJJJJ Ss a l j bL j S "1j1 wi Hi o Al gender '91 oWl JI s 5 H S> L-l;5. JJ J W ,-o ... U i q 1 6 "QI,,;5K 1 - 9a LM Ij~ JUi 41F \ j S 20Sl J 15 .jz I 1 .U1 O,1 J ul Jj 1t7 .9420 L;1 15 _)I S l, LXs l 1,1s J 197 ;., 09 ,LJl J Lj zLL l ;o6J CIJ JA~~~~~~~~~40 I, a,;1 l 14JrIs F Js~~~L,~ 0.r LSe JS ,l >u i299l a 29i 1 - 1 e J I Lz L- io J ir-,1 1970 C-LI JI .LSJ- Ga-L-J jJI Li -I stf ->t~~~~~~178 .1i ll 59.L1 :0 r:~ _ j)l) j o.5t 7 * 0vA) 4 . z~ .n n ;k S t44 *n H >-n ,aL S; Ai < S ) 4ad j n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r~ tt~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J - '4) .'~_. zyl~~~~) jL C-I L, LFo I Jj is,1 xtj 5 L-J -X--l a i-! ,, 91, 5S91L iH,Nl, ii , ~~~~L.J;i LA ];J Lod I X Ly isu ,9 ,F~ Jr U l boL S >1j 1C C5 - - 4-1 - Ae~i U .LA F ajj .JLi sF LoU olL SF 42 -U9F j _Jl5 LJI p;-s 4 J j YAJU 73 s!.<1W 4 _ly WS j 42 Ji u aAlL 73 9s L: ;UuG 77 -1jl i,>F,FL ~~ ~~y4~~I ~~ ;I~~~L~~U ~- A L~ I .J au ~ 19 UU 10 e JiP -k Y1 8 JX 1 A b .01i, . 19-18 31 ;) i LT j d-l )LU ji .S i .~4,jii ~uii a. 6iu 8 y 3LL LJ l j-3 zd-s 7 j 1625 1 b; 7 4_1,~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -vjiI, iU 28 J !OljL_llU ^&c s1Y itiJ 41 ,3LSJ2vOJ!eLJ SS 1S ~~ j~~~ ~ ~ -~~~ u c, i;Li J,,A L,-IJ rY-Ji j L o ,L(JI) ~~~~~~~.:15 ; Jy-U I ,U , (I 999) A : i 41 * 1; ;t 1 .*A: I 11 jW1 P a - L LI I , 3 (>142, ,,-! .a5A1 L- ^ JL;U DL LsJb .-;j a l &> f 21 ,+-i1 J,aJl 29jl > ,> J,i sil ' J)-o 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1970 1980 1990 ' 1995 1970 '1980 1990 ':1995 1970 1980 1990 ' 1995 J.01 i l Gl y , Il S~~~~~~~z a. 1-d j6Ailw_c rcu i , tl Iv ,A ?MibYl iN .-J )I A L yUi . Jil .1975 r'l .l -i .1985 r''' . d :diUL - .1997 tWl o -+si ii- *(1999) 1JA)U1l L)J$d A U oiit(l998) WISTAT ri iiJI Li - A Ki; 0 1 .;y- Oi KrU JL 5 UQAL L2 22 j*O 100y60 a4 j LA jJ i LA tsi y j. Ujj..xiU ,$L - j1 .1 L Zi a1jA1 -! .,S W OUt L i j SI JL 4 (5 J5L ) ji u - F -~~~~~~ :-L -l jL a<,- . JXlL) JSL- I Jb ) L--j ~.s>I Ij zS!4)1 OLu 4-l L > o Jsj WIl ,> 4L 3 S ;u1 L >3 3S1 J - , <6- .> D L) i ,--rI -1 0s sY J,1k . :(5J< s>1y ly ,i~~4L l J8 Il, ,9L , Ji.l t'L- 5 23 C- L V C ' v U It t 4_ C ' a~ ~ ~ ~ r W_- F '; Gt >f _ K_. ~--, _ V~~~~- , .>. tJI. ai L5 _t- 20 sIJ L ,iW 32) aJ72 tIW ii w)U4+ 1uj.a Z-XJI 41 (o! cL aJ-,L ~Jj sly j,.lJ,1 j 4 ! stT (1998) ),i:J 11 W1I a l; 41;IiLY 1 4lJ SX I 941.1 J 2 5 J - 25 *S LJ j1 J-,,U ~Pj), o1e2 J-L,9,)4 L-Y X 3 - ;IF 3 .JU-i ~~~UJ o *J' . ..a, LJ ti ?> jti ,Wi otY rL. 3Lz Li iJ -LT E K W JJWJJJ siui J i. 26 __ Jv j 'd1 uIj $1 ijh5 :7 J,I 10 6~~~~~~~ 4~~~~~~~~ 2~~~~~~~~ 8 * 44 -4 4 2~~~ * 4 4 2 *** + 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 tf :iL rj-z) (ICRG) " ,dl JILUl 6U :.UL "L.J I 4lj o110"!I, , 2 x (1- ICRG IO-0 , 45U (WESHR) J4" 7 j_,i i,l ol z" WI U oije j j"l A;Li .W s-L u-y 3 l> l C--J U e -),!J ,,i11 ,S, Y1j !63 . J , i L) ~~S--)ala zi Jj d I L)~~~~~ (z 1) 9 LOw! ,s , JaJ C_ 10 -rl ]Jl j1j- < ! ;ii. .Ji L g 2 2Wi7 .(7 JlI);LyIos!;+!XJ1;J,LI Jol ,P-- 27 j J iL, Wy o4 Li oFA 1 W - 82 UA,L L ~ c. -~ .~ ~ ~L- o>- c g ! sLJI + )S J;U~- Lbgnx Ji W 91 <;JC 41 ei >J 350 < ~,pll,_JlL72- Zt .I 2JI L DIC _G5 j L _U 9 < u1 I.,Jyy - y l 1 - > *- 1 -I 1 X C I~~~~~~~~~~~~~Jl I - MLJ ?l2,9 j? ,< 01 1 C JL 9l . -Ij~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 28t5 J , C; JI AI L) <1 4e%11 4>>! >3 <_n~~~~~~j Aa- )1p9 5h z.1P~ _ jl _l61 - 1 tJl - 191 u+1 1 21 yl alsye yl D 1 - -ill Fp *4sJ% l,Y! \ y , 4Jliy O 9289 o Jj -J FW-a JKA' ~ )~~i 9P J sLiyJ )9 A -U 'L > -LLF JI ,y,'yl L"Lj e yl,9--Ul j ! . , l 9 ~L.4l ,1y i.plA Q, j4Jl JF U9e~ ~JF S - U L"L~.>FGPJ L v - cJ' lI i - L+5 , _ z J19 1,$ ,y\l Ji WE ol~~~~~~~~~~~~~~JLU "b4iLc S A XJI! -Y 1 J;J j jIX k1X 1J zl,5 l, IJ yL, az0-).) L) .AS .flQlo-il aIw D A1 O1,1,2 @ JgE~~~~I - '-S 1 ,;Ij2 1 .S1 L'1 ;> LUS P-) E 91 91 91 .1 ry -G91lJ29 29 J,,, ,_t3 S tIf LaA I it ,) } s4wUJI! J iEU iiLJQ 4jJ191,i VAI $JI ~L4olPa )L; -1 30~~~~~~~~~~04 +1 Ds Ji ,,$1 ~-LJI ju-) Zti fj S ,1 Uf -_,3 -iL) s A iu1, Oy i OWL G oW Y ii W3 OWL ~~~J-, ? 1 , ;?saY -YJ ? gP n5X1:iYt BJI ! 43-OL.J s-1j1 iloPi <+J<1JU olll Y 4 -";La oo. . ;95 Q"41 7zj1 WS! isi; ti 4J1iyl 1! WS, 811 ,Ei;JI OLL ,# H olLll obJ, I 4; U OHJ!G,J;I! J+1 ,1 > oALeloJl S LN o;! oill L1ii Z'JIoll.l X N L;C130l_ , 1J- 1~ jil j_OP j1 i 41 aI ,]; uLd 2.1J YJyl Gy!ee1u+ e l t 1d Il Z,,2kJ I a G L S ILj j .zcz- j ,), -a1 :l JL ,l~~~~~~~~~iJ_ L4, , -4. 1i,>y -, J I i5 8i J @2~~~~~1 li e i - ,-zl wotlj ll R ASi al " 3- Aip1 :8 JS.;tl 1995 AjU S L jL-j 1995 ;JuJ J 1.00 0.8 0.95 086 0.90 0;4 0.85 0.2 0.80 00-.! fijJI J u#1 J Oo1 J u#~~~~~~~~~~~~j,-41 L) * ~ ~ ~3A~ >i ~ ~>. L~AL ~3L~J~UJ 4ij-~ ,( ;L, jU911 &,a1 2 , , J 1 ,-U #- 2J J;Ji . ;1 =l 1! ;l 1- ,;2 Jl ,LU1 ,5Ab a ~Jt .2 J ,yj- *ifui olJ ,#>fi Ji2.67 OJI yj cjjil j3 ; ojL jii ji 2.33 zI Y ! i (1998) WISTAT ,, zjd? .:uL i(1992) w, `,jji1 ,!ojlLl lL .( 1999) L21 >. ;AuSk 4jL.,xij ias -.HYj 1!4;1 Jij L) ];J cL-i -yL"j 4 j jj,? c; t;l --J JA _X3 32 j .LJ II i I j LI OCA1 L! > *) 1 ls eyl 1 Al 94< F9 J &1r ia1 , ;,~Jl1 ,,~W o>~l ~f~~Lxll 9'4! jI1 JI 91 L 1jK > Jl JUIn ~4+ U 9 f 1 - ,< . l J~ oJl3 J: O1 .Ll9 A . yLJl ~L~Jl -LJ fJ 1 -L3~ LU L3191 JLI -> ! <) i X L F,) z J ! j L, I, x33 z , L! ;L5,,2 -,,ts 1Kj l S Xl- , JIJI -01~~~~,.<; 5JL1 JtPil J:riJJ L- JL~l -S ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,!J- 411 U- U ( 1 1, J;r4,9 LUl jbUl E3El .FJJLI o6JlD j ;IjL rc < i ji 31 o)L, $;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;l djJ yl JM1 j - I2 J 2l -ow J.A 4e1 ,26 W-J21 i 1 2 3 4 J4 iJ i:.W l J & i ;;Ju es- J A yI ~i jy- ~ "- JAul~LAX a s s+JI@;; 1 :9 Js,J I 1995 K,s3 1.50 1.25 1.00 AA 0.75 0.50 + 0.25 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 35,; L) Zyl 35 gU ix-'I v S 4 ,y l Al gX .(1O JtU JY l -L.U L. LL -I P5wl j; i.,,d o<1 ,,- Joljl ! .5 16;MI -^y jo wl: zI ojs 800 600 400 20W 8 300 30 A , LLc- U 400 ~~y~~ .:'Y 36 a- ! - _, :LJ L J jj j cI oE~,l L)J2Ij 4j aw JLi;1 tj Jl3 9 11n;l 1O 4 :11 JL 1.05 -Y 0.99 1.0 0.96 1.0 -~~~~~~~~~ ~~~0.19 1.0s~~~~~~~~~0.100 . ' . ^ $ . is o.19~~~~~~I. . 0 0.0 - - 0.0 J1 _ k 1 _ 4,jii .. l ;,jL-;4 ,SfI J 2.67 j,:Yx A1 j z. ! jil Jji 2.33 J OL;u1 M! (1998) WISTAT zjuG,. ilL (1992) S, , 51OL:S 37 9Lj - ]-v- L1 i v AJ 4 L I L5L -i J -7.6 U, J !4y D 1-X 2n ~~~~~~~~~~~L Jl -j- O- , :-i) L5 .3 t1l< 1~ jyi.a SWI X2L - JI 4L_\ J#Ia4J i(+ 9 ~ 4 . X -3 s. ;J.> I -;l 5H p1 ypl9 3 efJy l ;l ~3 J D )y isLp - l;lJ ,c i J S . '-N 1 j-i GL1 j 38 e~~~4j 'j-u a1 U 'yJ ^ -J t) ASJ WU l l 5 - ,,-l i- - - ,l t iLl Pr L 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ iL 2I 4'9 JLII ;tII9j1j 39 k a j jF 9 9 ,F bUl a sl~~~~~~~~~~~~~L-j -G jF n 1;1 + 9 ~~ L,~~I J-~~~y CJ *~~~~~J )J I 9 +9zzK J I J2 2J +A~LJ J,>U Sa Li, Ul Wl , 11 J JW ,Ls JlJ JL~JI cYI L5 L) Y P ~L ~ LW J~5l ~p AJL-L L ! U L -, LdL j,5 jjl J+\t j;51 4 ,j LY,I -) W -Cg5tJ J J!J _),3- _-yl J9i L) L)3 JI - &4 U slAJ6<, J&d L.J l ULF !;S .~- :;zl gloFI 40 .V;l Clyc ;,M 1, - @, (4E oj- wk J M 91 j 9lhS l si> L it K L '- - j -1 Lj j i iJ j : 1 2 J 2 ~~~~~~iu ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L 21 -91 souL 4;1 1 w>J1 3 ans J a~~~~~2-8 i j2ylj J-,ci ti :,W gL6A+I ? j< 0~~~~~~~~~~j1 41 4A~) ~LJl ~J ~2I U L ~J- , 1 4> 2 J y.~l 4tW LW JU-l Jj L. J _s> JW ,9 ? i ,+) i wL,,L. <3 . ou s J1gtL 4+s L4I-H Li ji . \_JI 2t,=ula 919L~li ,i~ LGOSA1 JI L2l 4>91~~~~~ J 1J u11 al s- Jy 1 1 L1 r1aL~ I yl - s - 1 S DjW~~~~ -L 1 1 .J;~~~~~~ ,Il Us;;I - I;?4 j 4 olJllz .~.~. 91 S j11 a1J)1 _J D il; 0 w:vH1$ islJl g iolJll42JjIzz4E 1> .0 ~ ~ ~ U (> K;Wt 4 i >t C.5:tts 'd- &X t \, L t i E ., -: . E X Vt 6 ( -~ ~ - I '2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l L ~~~~~~~~~~~~c 4.3bLLP 1 e J&l ,, L1 44 I 5) U-i ~ . JJI J~, W~ j Llbfl JJ> U1n o>A nll >fAL -P JA-)lJce_ +3L j j. 0 _jL L) eoJJ j JWI 5 o L / L-I1 LL t -TI UeL- Ii ,J- wJi uP A! CLll }T JS j51iAi,-,lJ1o A1 ,S ,G il cI~~ ~ ~ ;-i i 45~~~~ L ZL,,ljll1S ,3- 4JI t ~ l;oC 31 lJ ,I 4 J !.s1 1 9 a5 J .!A Lj I 9~~~~~~~~~L1 1 )L1Sc ,JI U,-l ia!o-#Ljl j! UiLl ,> D!-J? X Z'L1J -w J4>J oW 3J!(Jl, ~~~~~~~~.4c> ; 111! , A /1 .i J' (4 ! I _5-) vi- s -o J'J' z 2 I I 9j j 7 4 3)2)A I J1lU , 1 ;2 ,;;i, .OJiA- o1 J- s-lil >, ->, 1-1 u1 #.ii ,21Lij t-, - ,.JI - td r deah- -I LJ U,; , 1 LU; J:, 4j W-j U' Lj, 9$!J9! G(1975 ) Ls JIPJvF48 .~~~~L IiZl LJ jJUs Lk b li S(1995) ,:fi c(1985) ;IoJlLil 4p2!-ii Ja -uE 411J+1J ,XJI S ousyl _r~-.U IJ &! JI JX, jt -,P X J2l -XJ} L i L ,! vL;1L 9SY~~It L I L) jeYiSv L) ts~~~~~~~~~j- ij ZL-J L)> It L+J- IJ L. JI Wu WS1 'L %G l6Ji l4 a;1Sjb I J: J I_U -A J)JI j3 JL-)l Z LJI jA o X- iI A (1994- - yl 4;tylob W_,- 9 ij-yl y j 1 $Jj .1993 - 1.14 .Lj 1980 - c- 1.07 l . AY . 1 4,Yj > 1.18 Jupl JiNl.1uiIii< G 1,1 U .JLL,s 9UF SW . Ln W 2s -i }> - .J b-, , J Uol z, jl ;,< > ,;F j'z. aJ t u S1 sIz LJLIs SS1 1zU J S 49 ; te < t <- 5a ! L- C! V W 5* Vb- S~ t k X 'C't -st C W bx tA 9,. c tGt ( e >'> n tl i.t gi >g & U , , ,r L tis. zo.ci. 0r g LylJ < jjl2 - oL.1I CJ JWai J ~> *5t i21 jfi- -I A- lllp &,llil,IJI LX igGus ,J l J a-Aul JJ JJs -LJ tz2 Uy J :- JJ-I it_L1 -**X 2,Jl Li1 oJLll )I J <54sJI JrLc oJWi ._T j+ J L~ 4L LJJ8 i uJr4 I l ~~~~~~~~~~.J J.JJ 4 ILi J,oU~2iW L)1 -aJ oI JI (EDR 1 J-I i1; Li j L 4 :c 9! .I zL SI ,ljl s . - l JII P-, KAl v YI U (GENDER) 4WJ - -;! Uie)42YJ; l r rjJ JL-)l e)L LJ JL~ ,\ JL-) - u 4,14W1> l SL- 9-lg Pj1 j-1 <' J Lslj~ sL , eA1 sl 5i J5 51 j~ 9, ees1 ;1 Sy S! ,$ ?, - U~ j-J JI f ji > , , , Nj LJyl - a - 5 ai;Up- ylJ 4.jI - J 9 p C- - J. pl- Z. 9y,jI 4 j 1 ;l. .21 -J: I l -js_- __1,- Li U$ 4+ IJL, 91*9jk1~4I J y L2j, - - j ~IL,~A jzA,;I J>c 'ii1 .2 41 91J A) -) 5 2 s.uV (tJiUzs (ej)u1 I,0U-i L4K, ~J&9 ;XW Js (2) w ) U ,3L o l uy L5i9 jl ZlJlll,Jil 't- I 1 i 9j -xi ]3JI . oJ -j ; j ..J z s1,;9 A! .dS1 Hs J AJi 44.1 ;1 C9 1U 9 ci ~ JL~~ .L.J J.4j 5L 3 J L > -i1poJ l< --6 L:J o. jl1ui > olJJ 4sJJ'-iA SJj LZ- _dS rvl, jlz_J jS= i-du ! ji,,J, L) Ol ,,> Lt-U J L ., + JIj , j _ 4 91 J -I 11 C ,,L-! ~~kt.AF! l 4L,b I j,fl_ ,,? oJlUJl -iSl~~~~~~-U j6 Ss 5s 9JI U1 1 -0 IL_r It 53 !o1L1sJO .e n k c~. i i tY C; V o C C.X t W' s S Uh Xt F tt U X t i; ~~~~~~~~~.cPLt Y ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c ['. 's z t>t i SC- * t L9 G S tV,9 Z < G K 0t ^;t Ac.c4.. l:7t t kY. vW 0te ; k rA C ~~-i 8; t < * i. tt k_, ,^ C .- ZE<' W f W F r,, LJI,.iy~J _e v JI ~A'l .(1996 U41 L ) L4 21 1 l I_4 - Jl) LS oJ) 51 Lp.JU Iijb LZ-L, , L =Fi l iy alji--l ,il l*4 1990i 1985 ay -ail J- J - 5 5 AT iez, 'A! Lwyi J~ s U=.Jl Ul j ~~ U - ~~~~%~~~' ~~~: L- J-- WK>r4l,1J ,1l ? j iD L1 O s As1 43 !L u zD~ji !4e!4 L-J 41 i Li .1990 - 1985 J, ;il J '#- S j o lJLll 1c j- 1 j , JlA *LA: 1 1 Edgl ^ JL I ^ 3;iY - u N ii J tcdUL (1992 - 1986 UL-jA) L1,z JVY - J).r4 W J &LJ)l J A J 0XS - JaJX <,1986 CWM J, cjLI J iyL , AHJ .- 3 j4iJ 3 _J-u " .,, S 'U3 ol j3 ,,y ,ze18ol a, J -,Jd29 A \ >1Ou \ j, J 9 -, -t 5L J, 3 Lc D ?> S X L uy - 3 1 *J Y-' ;:3 j 56ll -J JJ-i .(21 J^JI vU = liIJ4 ;IJll: .(22 J8yJ) LJ .:iY$!4c L.;A-,Y ;xL. -D .(37 Jly$ 154JJ j !,81 >; ~~~~~~........... T_ 11 X,, 6,,,i ~~~~~~.........,.. l < y 10 1.0 0.8 6 4 .......... | 0.2 __ 1970 1980 1990 1970 1980 1990 -I! tT Wl, ............j., - LSJA bU1 lf i *----------' L..............l. t~~~~~~~~~~~..... .jLE, i ZSLyl2,J ee:1 U1g!t+ JJWy, oU iWS A 1 9a1 A1 :> .(X 1999) iJA11 911 ,,s(1994) 61 L4JI' > UJ Jlj Lx ~(2-1 J.ZJi) j j 4 > L Jlj '- Jfi L) L) -LKJl U ;S JL.{ - tt ij1{ Ju') .31 t4 z>-i;l <>LW1218- I 1980 1970 a, Lo:I JL&,) LL S3J yl . U , iU, U Z ZAI)L l . :-U lUj .Zi4 54 & E lJXJ jL-JUl DE& ;S .s5 l 4.U1 Jj-dI ;J '-II -.d Ly .1990 2.2 4_JIo_l_> 1955 Lc ailU 14 ;^Y~S JIjs_ G1970 W8 ibLd 4_Ij I!rIbJ~JUl JD_L D>ZL > LNI., .LWI Ds yi s. C4- 9 ;L-I~ui OUJI j=X i., -dul ltdu L- 2J JJiJ + jL ve lLI .Ll)d ~462 90 - U 62 311975 o i J s1 ; J y j1 ,3 - > 1_.n)l iSl2.W j Jl ! ~zLSl ~-<,- CA YlJ\ .1995 -2 K J O1 S 1 J5. &L Y LI 1 < 3 > U:.Nlj At.~ L%WU 4_1J\JI) a 4pJ L...J5 J I ,Xi -s c z i ii L -i i )JWi .(1998 =; Si 1 990 J) 1980 <>. oW' NS , ci 1 -;IJI Oby 'Yk1 J A 2 Qr"-"1 u- - si~ cI .Su jLi - .1 990 1970 e :,LlU JS J J j J Uj .l yl J,;~J~Lw JL. AK cJ_ _1970 CU3I 'v1l < 9i, L1 < J s tzX1-J L, L,41 J L-J1 JLZ-; l s JSL;, 1 Io LZy JI JL -I) U!,;;t -JI . p11 %.. ,5k :j J5 J, ,3i 63 rk:JI~ U9} .LS J -)L W1 L L ' D a -e (P tJlWI L) J 1 J~-)1-5 4 3l LjAL Au L-.- jJ ~i j~li C941 ,3 :l) , . L J- 4 JLj OW ok .yi) J 91S7 5L -. - j U Js. . l esi I I J o J a)u1 -i -2 'j C/ 15 1 W)s.1Ui a i yJii Lk1 ,J , . yW I > LA-A' ; iF ,J+ e yL u1 yj 1 i641 S J wL1 Jj *!.(1986 Jlg r4; l 1 9 l3 :vil c Ioli 'Luj ')a O- s~ z.-a-- ZL- L)j 1 .~~~~J LA , L5p Ly 2ul e a9> j>e1 64 Jj~A 9- j e4\UYj > \! ;1! 990 Q AJI A 19 jugfill Qg 1997 J 1970 , yi JYl .(3-1;I) ALiI ~~L ;.~~~U3 J t w)i ~> - 5 Ci -JJJ JUW .)u1J eSW ,>- j>* 4 A- J. 1997 J 197 0 J- jJ! ;51y J L~~ Z8 -ui ,L--U, 6 jjiS 8 J.)J 3 OiJ tA I4SJ y sA- ~ ji 31 j .'199 j,yy 1991 199 198 JJ L> i J,Sl4 j Ji ai;lgJ 1 wL; gfJlesJ65iJ OUS eA1 >1 eA1 91~:3-16LQ 85 1.15 65 = 1.05 .............................. 75 1.--'1.0 ............s----------- 65 1.05 __________ 55 *. .1.00 45 0.95 1970 1980 1990 1997 1970 1980 1990 1997 _ .U1, LT u ............ ...,L - T Lj,6,i- 1 JLJd ji 4W1) >J *(L1999) j11:,,l f i;L; ? Ol; s + S --J *(1987 W A(+987 L -, , 9+,K, s Jl l L Iji 4 JoIjJ iu4j I I L6ai6 ~~~~~ -W Z<>-rJb L a.oJ LUSi, 41,yA :26Yl JI 91 a; ,1 xii 11 3 bf (1998 :r'S < :,)aJ) 66 5----. -1993 c 1.14 J1 1980 cL 1.7 e - ;v:GAj .(1998 C j )J-ll94L>!t3j jp-9 v2L e wL431 ' x 1 - LJ+l uz UJs1;ylilS - -! (1994 J j ,;46) JLA , c4.U--jl A_ eLpj : CeLg1, t4 ;,U >,W- 31 y1 1 Sl da -1 ? L,aJ JJ D O .(1998 aIUW O ( 1993 J Jy J d 415) & , JL 2 )l-.,LJ CaI ~ ~ ~ ai 81 osi s J toJi a> lb > } W3 )All DIYSIS M Sl(DALYS) %51 J 4js .1_i.S %J-LI~ QA1 PYDI - -A .(1996 1 5)iJL_ 4IJI 16j jj-di J JU.-A J;e 4i2Y;8 1 27 eOj JW j jJlpYI 81 - L) iA' 8 J , U:S9J l JI ~ L1:- j! tj i .(I 1999 ) 67 .1 990 Uw 44-15 Zw 4iS,LgfjLI wL//ibL 7.0 1 y9 2.8 6.3 ,IJI a,1e 4.9 ( FJ'i IsjJ ___ 6.0 (9vej1,, 4.0 >1 12I 3.7 jfJ . 18y 4.7 JZLU i5b3LL 4 i 4.1 , 3.0 (6 -1 i 3.1.LS 4 ,1k1 3.0 .J.2l ,j'L~ s;,w I 3.0 _v66 sYU 6U 2.9 w~uj 2.8 iyW .l 2.82 2.7 xJL_L i 2.7 W 12.7 2 L- 19.8 A ;1a6i r=J'2 11.3 5v9 J.Ai 5 9 iU 7.2 '.L721 5,wi,_>', i,s 4.6 l6 5.6 -53iL jii L~Ll 4.5 .g24Si6v_ 4.3 ivJI e 3.8 41!Yzla_ vskk 3.8 ,xal s- 3.2 289U 3.2 _,-,Jl 3.2 CGJIBLLtA 3.1 ., ,lsi2.4 (&>5J~~~~~~~~-J I) i 3 1 J; s L.Cif U JIZ j. v , l L iil il OiJ A A*I .(I1 996) ,s :, 68 L2J.1 M -G1 K1 , i o 99 L~ 21 J j,- I S/, *> & Ji 4U.jl v91 KU s, O p3 Y ,z e r'j A1 91 ft Jayl L A1 A Q ~~~4~ - ; ,2 3 L-J Ji3 < .(tl)(2000 41Wz L-JI Z:L) akP'D HS >x-ki A S1J oUX1 A *S u~ j i J<-k jyX 9 kylJyAi '199 6,s, ulT J,, 2 j > yJ 20 .|20 ~L 5 J1, ;1 J l j ,, rl10 C ?l I i JI:s JW *11999 . 1950 CW LJI !.,+1 uJ 91S L5c Le-YZl 9J PJJJG ,A1 ;-L, ; J,) 1) 04s ! aszJv~~~~.OlLzl- 'j + !C 1 A 1)CJ j GO JL-) iLsJI ?! 91Jl Lj L.J UL63Y?AC j 2L? adl 5JJ 4 0> AL)J -SJ 4YI DYJ - uj J 2LJU &)1 ASJJ!.AIJI ,? S (SS JA22 ?Ld 55S IJ Y-) B S kSOU OUL S 5 4 ZL;A Z4L 19 .X! 15_44J <3~~~~~j 1 4I1 X JILD}S 1 J1 L5!- -(1999 jlO 70 a~~ v i u-;!9 1 >Is A1 Ki S i , 3'-- 91-Q 9JW1 g19 31S. 1; -X 1996 si As -~ 82 Jl 2JI W S1 j JSU ,..x< JI 4S LW - 1997 '+ A: 'D Al '4200 -1- J Hji yji ;,51jK4 ,N JL ;S1 ' yo9 31 >^J >3, 'K 1 J,i o- J ,.J'ji~ jv- jr 4Ai L Ui! LLJA> JiJJ r , .Wt>&1 -^ *~~~~~~~~~~~~~(1999 >y0) >JI >J2J jL5YjS p~~~7 -1996 CS~~~~~~~~~~JI 3C; L 2J,; 1 i S>, ;l , JaJz~~~~~~~~~) > >J HI JSL 3()-L!C; 50 L -3 199 PL WDJyl )e jA Ul- -J!J 82 LJ L) ,?~~~~ j (9I W3W 5Ro l 11 lJ21 S 9! .(~1997 QLAS3 L5) Z. 20 LJ jJ .(ei 4S1, ) ,Y i,N,iil2 ojl ,JI WJ 11 0S -i j)Jlj ~,, SS;AL OV .(1994 DW .71 41 j ,.Le,JI , j1 L, zi4) ,> tj1 IA a ~- L, W jl 9 LJIP ;Ll S 3S5a 5 j lL;JI , ?! -J2.4 ,i 9JL0.8 - JL-J W I.l? ji~~~~~~~~ -;1a-9131sK >-X X 91 LJIp *(1994 ) ;;SL f) J T JIYI JI4I-II1 as1l JI- IIJ ? 1? r1 92 O 1 l;.+ S !;~~~~ JLl -JY J)l < 1 38 Jj j9 1-j 4JJ4I HIJYI J ! *(99I 1 J JL-J WS J J'~ > J LI - U J25 L - *(1995 IUUJy i clj 195jJI Jo 1970 y t J ' uaJ L-JI L-JI 9 , (2000 ,--uIjO8"1 A 73 ie,;,t~~~~~~ -Z ;.;t I1 6 &fZtSQ :4.1 6C LJ 5At WI 0. ; - 50 10 .................. .... ....-.I ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~..........., 'r,i 20~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . .. .. . .. . ..,, l ty o J 10 1970 1980 1990 1995 . 1999) 32 , S1 2sl J;U1< 91 ts 2, L) .:Zlp o i ,L-Js ta1 iJ 3 j i u -L ji Z--j ~ .3l ,3 C,>Lk ZLl L) & t;AW JL,) L,3 'i ZL, Zi Si~-:-~ cl-JI jil ,!, JUb (5-1 J< 91 ,i -Nl < ~'S1 J~ i ~ , jW;-l wij .oL1 ji 421 J 9 74 sJfjJI~ ~ ~~~~~" l!- J5Y.1 4 j *-t & J L" ZA 0 U ~ E.l jjd *i5s4 91 J9 ,9,, 1A1! t+1 J-K,--l oY-X I j9M1 )i :aS 99s (1999)~ ~ ~ ~~~~.198 Zkl_ U0 a: L19) e U Lyi; J- J .o 5Jlj L) eo L~ Ji jrO;8 )JI S S ; J7 75 4vJfi2 sL%WI CJI oi~ .x .JGJI K Yi U$S L 4.. U' ~L 77 j x JfJ J L.J Ui .L 71 JI-i ~W iej .(15)(2-1 J5Al) J-Ji < U iLU 73 4,LUJI Jj i cJl) qI (1995) XU'WI j A 87 J! (94-1993) Ai1 L LJIj 43 L 9f.l 9l 90 L;! (1991) 1;, 3E 43 , U z,Ju Y alulJi Ji> ,9!.(1996) _1 3, I1 101 1 19 89) -L L; j3 Ji J16 +,Lj As U J I L JI A pc , l_i,yij -9 C>F, ;zIj Jj- ? l 9S1-y9 2 JY-.U oAmkJ 6wAVI1 :2-1 Jg= _aJ) I .I ILJ J I J 80.4 0.23 0.77 (19=J) a.A.XLI JJ,i 82.2 0.27 0.73 (42=K)) kAUJ JJWi J} ,,zil s,13-1u ,;'i J. JS.)Uw JI j>8 AJ : JI ~A33 _4 . -111 4L , 76 1-Jl JL j - Al '; L J''j JA 1 J, Ou, L JLi- .J,I Z M Lt S L~ j A 6 J6L~ I L j 5 z L1 LL- J; u w i :.)LI, -- oL .J i 4,~U ~ Z Uk L 2~~~~r, o L. L e i U,> I i i L!>J;, I 1 4 j-J I I J 9I L >, 1 A ) 77 - .j . -,1999 J 9 JU gXJl <:E Jj 0,U-i IwoTet; J! j 5te9 li-UI J &-yl i,- S1 i - 131DE>gc b? 2Xit1 0 A jj l42il.7 L;lli L~~~asJ;JjJ 3 (92,F ,,) )<9JI - aLL 0-0 x ,JA1J-al , 4;il lJ iN wlio77l1 LJ9 J10 91 J 1 J~J ,2 3 .(199 ojL1 J,fr I ,.-i S,'-, -Ul S, , - I 9N -L-: -LJj -u Jj-j .(1985 1,013 - 9 1999 al>lis s ac J; L) &1- J- -) l L ) l<'LJ>is. _W >i a 9sX ~j - L? Jj w &19 j - (1998 .ajs-) JjJJl J L Js), zJGjkJ ,e -)- iJ-Ip L-Jl JL)l -,L J1 (16) _ 1j S j L5 > J S21 syl Ji S~-U-U L1 -U IJJJ 1! .Oi S1l rL- L6, Li i UJI jU Li .(2-1 JjA 91~~4.L j G., J (1) wy I I2 o1 J \j l - Q-_ >g lll aJ -JI LUkP )JL,4 J L9 W ih2iSl - >L.~-UJ j L AfOl J-- :I)L.L , Ji~~~~~~~ Le L,Jl llIL U! L1 1!S SJX L L.,- , L j L& K]-Jl JJ\W I so- < JL U I4 G Ii Lz J L- ,U S L J jL<, ;LJL. k L. Z i X\JaJI !51 JK,-t L i OIJL_I7 78 l~~~~ lU~~ Ll} *(1997 ; A .9 1975 j U j iJI Ji~- e3 41 s (> o Ul i4 tL JaI L. 4~~~~~~L -tl,J 3>J> )1 ;Li W ,ts oL e , L^ ,5J>i'f JJI a4 , SdiAj 8 7 jl Ut 25LJ J.J L 25 3lJI 51 JJlJi J>; < 41 jul ljJ .U (}7) Jl 4~~~~ ~ ~~~~ LYj ii 2 ,? ,fi ;)l ,<-5Y O<' ~JllJ LJlL J W!.l> Lsel:K aLjL -l ;I466 Z-LJ -A+ l (a-v4 20 l CJ LWl yj> L3 P 19;Jzj- >11 .JLll? 5 Ji) Jai ) I 22 f 5i )! .(2000 j ujil . Lzli) :J8j L,4iP Mi j. 79 30 20 ____-_ \ GJI - L9 J A f .~~~~J \ .... ~~~~........... ,L 10 ........... S-,L- O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... Z--J -- ....~PDjc~ . 0 1975 1985 1990 1995 iJ,Z~ JjWl ,1~ 1 oLisAi :aW .(: 1999) J1 LII , A1J i s(1998) (WISTAT) , aL ;UU :9.l J=j1AaM,...t,>l!ueaiow I-a jL-1~ Z_ 1) & \l ,yiS i?au o ;~~~~~Z-19 L;uj 15 lj~ L! . i j- 14 4j Y Jj .(1999 Ai) VJI l l .JIJ 80 pi uz 2,, + ii , 4gi L-,J~ .7-il,U JIs Jl i-- y ,5i~ J~ j oitl i28! zISL >iL ~6tio + !2 JL;8 4rL L;j W.g .(1995 Jj 1992 \j '1983 i yzLJi1 Jy jl a4 c,) - L WU 0 :,!UJj Jl . LJi ~;i L jjd JJa S X 4CJ Y - ! JUAIS L--, J.s J1 I, :.A3 -L'J Ls 6Y, L-51 ~~~~~~iLsP xi:; 4 lLCS?uA j i7-1~~8 '3 <,1 ,,! JU-l aLjj:,, +i Sj.X .(1998 -Ig j< 2_;2Mi .g _ _ - U > _rs ive rfiL- J JJ) ii"aj u J J 5) 2t$ J isl ob L ,2 >y 81 T- r ~' 1-vH' [547 Sr (8661) 7 988-oi~~~~~~ .90 I i~ ~~~~~~~ -. 98 . ci j~~ ?~i rL' j I j :. ~~*fjJ. ~~ ~ A (1999)A '- -Y -- 14 6 zi -, t J 4 4 1 40 2 0 i7 % W ( y jf) ; u) i 4 b jL5' 4 J ; J 1 2< P 1 j -(-1l Li8 jL -JI JI 14,3oy L8uj 6 tJ vae 9 W9IS1IJ ~JPJ ieSl 3,j9,99l(19) 4J ? I! >3IH I 1 OUJ S I4; 14.!6 di, I iJ~~~~~~jjd jsLl ._ ;;j o HY ?;u6 0 miHLs SJI ;El? tiJ20<+ eJ L83 Ji,.)1-.(. j.1)H L+zQ (1-5 zj iJy i ~WJ YI > -+1' J 1 -$ 1 X -~A 4 -d S i A~~~(2)X j:N C >i & S I .2l J yLh ; ~ti iJ SJ 32<- U 111 ' XJ i (1998 l lll C x; JI ,!5 eh a4 2.3 L y A* J 85 >.J ) e400 Li - Ji j! 01 o1J goo) >90 ,iI j pj o t i> ~~~~~~~~~~)- yl e!- -AW,l ^,Lsl ) J (22,UL< Iw I u;1!, tyl Y 4,LaI 1' ,91 1 Js 'S b. ! ,X . j IY oin L+,I j:b Z,. IU 1.; F 9!; F .(1995 ,,9j4 isj'a 1995 J13,) os) Jj., L) -2-4J J~~~~~~~~~~~~L > Y 4,L U ijfi li- .(1996 O3STi-j JI>) 4Us-l 11;ES 21= L5,I ,,plj l} 1? OJ! ~~~~~~(23) Uj~IIJdf iS bea iJ;15 J3j .(1997 'y )4u 8 NC7I 86 J k4J .(2000 U, 1L j J, cA k zyl~~~ ~~ -di q Aa1191o ,'1997) L , <:, l L." . jJZ Z-Aj zxia L) t i J i> s S,A, -disj 4-u 1j G ySjzp zie u o:tJ: cS\4s 1e11996 Ooj,> 1Zl .(2000 -J -y W '1998 ,oj ' 1998 .20 --ts1231 1 a.i - 1,y1 Ol J i I -U i;r-'~~ iJj-ljgj ~ '1981 Ij 3tJ 's-) ,Y- I y G}1 3 tJI4 $ lll >; ~JLS> i;i, )j1 o 1 Ji U I y 1 * (1998 , .( < 9 Jj , olJLl 4 5 p- Z-Ji z4A,5 9:JI G88 +1 jiJ 4JuJi o! 4J;~~~~i.j -Us Jij L. (t9_l1 i3 >1 + 9W21!~'A. OLzyl ,L,i j W1 i r *(2-1 lJ ), g IlI<> llJ A# lQ 13(.IJYI 19a.-. 40919aa LL- rk s ~~~~~~~j i j at 19 L1 ;X,L.i JI,yl Ja '% JI! z5~~~~~J,yl 4-1izaJ, 1, 1 J,X L-JII 4A,aj 1jL-J L-J z--ui jj3j ji? W!6:r! J 2 L-J IX ? ~3j e 11+-2 j - J 3-)1 ,pEl >1 ? 1 ,5S w) 4,iJSJI ty 4, !! (- 1994 91 w)> Goll OlJy2JI!~~--- 4LIX glJ I L)! .,111 L?e t<-J I ? L8 o1= w59 J 199 DY 8 J;9l a si s1 ;X1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-J .(1999 jgl z 5i 1994 3J J 88 Wia~~~~~~. "C1_ wNl%-a -;9 ,1 O ,si l ja 2- 5,9L, Sl aLd- J- ; j- b J l J- ;aj jjd 91wE (Iz ijS y J.S S!-1989" ) 12 -(00 e yl 9 4zzUyI LL--I 2,tt ^4_j iX199 ~- jjy a;1991 ># A, J--J >A )J S X Xsg -rl 9 L X -)u , , > <,;t*,,)1;1 i,> 18 lgij ;L) ylJ9ls 1S9 .(2000 e,^!'99 @lol1JIr j 19 > j '91:9 31 4Li iJ!D V~-p v > I 1 3 AtiJI nIi lOy 4jd J vSJ:l > L z 1- U l 9 .(00 rl)cXSvw 2sLSls > > JY ; s J- _:e,lo il J,,4vbJiy os zi W. .,FJI 9 aLw ,LD >liu S a JA Xyl SJI z .(1995 L5 L5L"S Sl J X 89 -~~~~- _G1-9!91So1 (1990 ql)9 X ( . (1998 X J)~~~~~~L L LWi Ll ).iI L . U 1~W ~L wU1I 2 U 1 Uo1X L1~ .1 t!JW J' o Ii u o191~~~~ ~~~~~ o1L4 jSW uJ4s!1O!.L jL WiT SI -yl 65 In L3 L .LJl :Ac-L-JLI .(2000 ASJI 20-10 j,; ,U JU'l j 70 L-uy S L -JI l 1; J I S I 'Jl , , i s A c i l I I J - Li j79 Ji aiU L) I-A-, L-5I j ,L 14 - , I -S'- (;u Lj I Zd U43 C ;_)- j~ ZL,?9 60 0JL- ?~~~~j J$5 , t jA Ji, ; 91LAJ l jii 5JJ Jj ;;zylL-S ILa; L-i LjUI. L+, sR,,l LI, ;tDi ;j-G .(1998 Lrt) L5--jUIaJ>bI I r irj' J*I f S Ja I3 L) 5 Z-, Z,,uix 11;; iz v -J)12ii zdl, 20-10 r,, S L- l, l 1 JL-) I 9IJi Ll,i L) J L) -Li J -9t! pJJ. 1994 JI 2 4J+|! ;vL~~j JIl W8-SI ,! 8 )1U1 ; L- OJI! 5 90 31 + ~593 a1,, 1>J i4 v - ljs )91 Uj1 J t 1594 31 UA 364 a ,L3! - 1970 i11 4 1iz! 1 o>z ;lot:l J tA181 j-Lb 31 a .(1999 LA--ji t,9X iO a-'IL 22 j110 ae jL< ? i ' 1 jlu Ll> o JI- .(3-1 L1 Ai 64 1 5 , 9j:1 1 9 S i- Dr4!-.6 Ja-41 u13 4 Lj1 9 65 e, ix oZLi 1 A,pLJEl > L,U1 l .b ;L;l , Al 8 . 18 4SJ~~~~~~~~~~-I J;I L1zoy S1= < i - yl L, 11, L ZJ .L ,,S lWl JuAyl jubSl! :kyL6A (S,JI Juyl, 9 > o5>-;~- asUJI J.-1 UL~JI y i>c 4wt atI Jl9 U j~ ~ j . ':-i WL5 1 t L- -- 8 1 Ai j,L 3 - -j a91! Iu91 G2t O,9Ll (< ,1 l Al ('n oJI 91! U ,iJ;L- 2< 1 l tj i..U c ZLicLJ 21W l< .9UJ ,r 3 Jo JI 4&YLJiI ,?yl 191Ji 4%JI C)Mi .43Ji A jKc4y Li 8 A~- 8 ,.,u ,,1 -$l .s .4;X Lj J-I ; , C/ ~~~4 ~~~~-' j2p L 2JZj bW2i SiJ L,a1' EgJil\1 lJ2. jWI& L ~} tS 4t if- JAi j UJul },Wl a J j< Jc 3 .jl - C~S-l 31 OLl J ,WI O1Lc- JR -1 t . yyl 2 jA ! gi .U 2ya.l S j k 92 L)~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ >,~~I .l1,1 ;iI e 985 i Hl iji , ~,'; CJ. 51P z _L .(1995 j I iAl) L)j 3 , wi ,(I 998) DFID 4J-di zl-J ijl,) (I1998) DAC J Is .(3 999) CIDA 5(1998) 4a i , MsSl~~-~ ~'- ' . - lX \jy L--.J i Lr-LJ 93 yl jbC S i Le, ~~~~~~~~~~;LJi j%L 0JSl J>YL i Ut,, lL -u jj >:L vSX jGe<; e lJL J93s 4-1 ,,a i>l y 3-0 i>- LL U (1992-1986) UUj-z -3 ~.2 :'i ~ ~.J ~i~awi y.w j iA - 1 w -4c D (2) 23 ;)UiJt L sJJ ;u.a- !l,JI L1"J i L,-4 RJI,A, Ls l i, (1) 16 "LLI JJ 'L3Wl l l!;4c j fr >j-I 4,ll 4S W! *45J U1i ji oDyy 64i e! J u u l alb JJ,S s;3Ijli -I_L--u (i-Al I 1j .- I JJi) Jl LL-~~~~~ 9 9J 02 ? fi; 1 9JIl 8 5J L 6 -Lj j9!LN ji J 41 :,l: J -jU -+ i - 94 oue 24', ZL, M,jl ji -)Lzj 1889 Wl J i -8 j> ^, . , ; 5 j, i 138 <, .; cA wJl J,Wi i'A -)LZ iiw jW ;2 1 @u91 5l :X1 1 ~~~~~~~~~j , ~ UJL&Y jL-,LI -9 -j If^ - JL6 - *~ -~ ~ J j1 s vl tj l uHjiz .(2000) altlwl > t~~~~~~-i - L 9 l2 .5r :UL -12 i 92/1991 Leog J Xi6L G J -li1 LZ 4iS .(t;ll: JjU4 1998 j,sg- 1998 98 .L1 ail^ ,k ;- A- IE Jj.)JI -13 > |9W$J,28 c ,< v JJ ,A -14 95 J;L2 Ji JiS~JI (1J! , '<'W z! - At~ r~-'~K(1955 JAS 5L2 C 1 ,11I J! 'S cJI 9V Ji LSJ 4S ACI( U -,Wi J>g .GspJ DlA i oa2J *5 WA^Ji ,j 4 j -y L 0.3058 JX 0.3458 W OI 4 ' ! ); s JS LPULJI Ca S 0.3097 J10.3948 ouS1 s1z Jo 5 s ' j O.3860 o:mA1! oJ ruc >~ 1+ S21! yl ;1 yei 2.0.3804 o2 0.4030 J10.4421 y - Wi Ji *(1999 y.L) OJ$J 3i JYs J ,La-7i L-Aj Z-U J,. 42j >~-: tJ,. 19>a,il o -lS .3 < > b- + >1aLJ J-,1 _>sl L-,L - -16 (1999) ,r, . ; Jb X , k - U c,'.i LJU Jy U jJ W -1JiJi7.-. 0! J iIJ jjL1 JJ, 1jA jlJ.) -,A - _y (;>l *(1992) bI,j pf z-i--J5, ^,j s 'SiJ bj UL. 31LI! j,-JI `-jJ l j ,j- -17 iyz d U)W+ bJL! b,s UiJ: :Jj, 5 ,e Ul z l;g,i,i ;>E jUlX . 5j -20 ;L,M, ;L-_, J~h OL: JIU~~ rSL O ;liL !ISI eLia!4t_a!;! ;!,lWy! GO LC,TI fiz! ibj 21 ;SJ'I13 i L5 eJlj JU6 G,_ e ; JJ! ;LiSJJ! ;J>! eL_! eJLSl! ;JI! GI};J21 oUL. S ~~~~~~~syloL !9 -22 t5,~~~~~~XY;e 921 2 .S1U J),sl 'j L" 9 ;Si 3! i .9>1 5219 > s* s -i 11 '~~~j~ L. L L L .SYIU Jjd L) LO6Ld L) ;W awi, j s jyl 92 L.~ OG Ao4yl ~JLiU >J 5 J -23 J jAJI I U)) Ji iI L- L IJ L U ~~S-)u' iuz. -i'k - J -24 ,z,i aVJl ,1 e 9 Y! ~~~~~~y i L) a ; -J 45LI ,,1 9 ;,LI,JJI 41 1 oliyl -23 .(2000) 9 J8 . Y) 1989) LeLc 'se JJZA j.6L1 ;bUlS ri1- 4i;(1998) -9! ' (1998) , + lJ Jy, -1K,? oltk ULJ; 1 I:JI -Li Uj- . -Aul JJ l JU JbyUl 4UUJIl Aj6l3, ll j I a-i jL l J! ja.. ""Ul Zb100 .i - fl, L J iJi .,, I+!,2 S~~~~ ~~~ -) Ltyl 1 LiZ skE i i L, ? tirFY8 GslJI! L2;l Lgp 1 ! 7 uti ; - '> i:$- 8 ! i1 H 91 ><- a >S1 zu:'-U j gj j J S Y: SS1! O 1 ~~~~~~~~~X -J ,-t.191 . jW 91 ci; coBJI$ 64Asy ji , ~ CJ b kiLJ'T ;f WS a -)L4-iY Gj y < J 4 -. +- J- Ja A s -- -j-j-G u, y o> , I ,, j.Sl jjI -aYl lc1 Jb JUlJi - ,,Jz X,YI ,i 91 l a 1 i2 ;.-J\J (1984) aij J LJ-~i J, .I L,91 -J- ;,5r; J3SY-~ -K ~1 l .s.A-tZk ~ ji -, L- U l O-L jLJl j,,I L-J j~44- ~-~ 101 ,# ~JI.., Jl-y j J;L,)I ;;L-J L5- UL,- L9Sal L) - U i,L .11 ,,19 J 1 J Djlul C ,L-U Z-J "'D -,jI ,JL-u y l Lll _1 -G1 ]; Is jcjL- I 1 tl L5-s ji t tjz 72 - 91,oj.(1-2 9)J*1-"J -- 1 o1 - a, .A.SU ,L>t S 3l> Pl i;L1 J osU1) >e Sy i U I &U Y,i .(1998 I,)si6 L>U1 l LWs419 J Xll JL<>oy 1 f14 wt2I ,WJL 4! !.~ SL 4sy s l Iw - p ~~~~~-u JJiJI +-s g io?uJ C e wf 20, j l 9 32) t,72 b : 3yA l , i . o K' S 'L-X GL Jk 4 , 28 jJyJi~ ASX 1 stkI );j .(j 4 j3 yW,i~U p A1 &JI 2. Zj j ;j Ij r (1998) zJl o~~ cLJ G1G sS>U1 J9 J jAI alu L JL z l ! : - ,WU) 98 J 103 J1 Ly guY j 1 JI1 4J~ j Z- G 59 ck'U C )5Xi1 191 c1 .azA-91 W C L C. )i - 4k' XJ -Y (1995 :,JL; ,YJ ~J 4>1 c u sIJ -T fs z J S1U +*.A LY19 .(T I1999 J21 9 < -ia,9 b-,J ss !LJ 59 2 ,S1 ,61 ,; s > 2 ,i S ,+S 39~~~~~~ JL.; j! y w2 ,6aX mJj ;L6 - ill , L W oil J3L< 1eJ,:tCl E (I s l, ~~~ 5k-)' i ~ ~ a-LAJL) ?J W3 J; rl JA s4 J _1JJ _ N ~J.N 2IJbay Ys - > (1998 .(1998 9i Hlysl H J 19 uJ GL<` 1 4,1Iylsj j 1997j 1990 c > JL-) ;.Li! 4J 104 -('999~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ IJ4 >E <:XC! .(1999 gT Ujh2) ;U3i 1 1X bYI~ I99 Kri J9J U>I w)J9I eo-E _a$ ,b;Y$ 4All:<1;1< u sAl lJi J < a+! .s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LJI sJ Jvl5 X - ~~~ .(194 ~ 2000 ZA,l JU) '~Qi ij-i J4:;)i sX slfi .195 sJL&a JGJI 3.2O J'l; 1 U39 GJ 4u uY 1 1a!.499 JIc L:LI '(,99 ZJ 1 l O199 <:,,c \ 9 ~~~~1 05j!oG 1 - y>1 CL~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C i C . * t . '' '.C-. C-t - t C! k 1< : tf 'CS' : ; ;'t* aiKL c ~ ~.(1993 i}'1995 ;j+-l - L il ~- o~ a o Jf < ~~~ -~ 91 2-2i JW I,1 4a J .( 19967A.4j) 3L59 .Al - 3 r a lJ-1jvll jLxcPYI 2-2 J-<- i-Jl a-,; j .& l ;b , i1 A S + S S AXs Jj SUL! ~-41 sy LS~ j+- ': lT e J 9, jE 9u1 sj Gju1j j j L + Aj l 1l J,iLZ 1 : J -y99 419 L- cJ j LSij oiri J kjlnJI AS l b bs J1 .L1y 4 _ A1 ,I J_ Z, - 1A Zil -_S- } l3 %9J < ol'_ 4 ~ o Dj S ivA;_U , j.A 421SJJIPS J1! o;i!o U GwJJI DS Csi;312 L i 9 L& 11,2 51~k LYI 6S Jb2 Su 25 dv J J L 9 b 10 ,1,~ ob Jj -;Ll u1 uiJ' zi! Y -W -k o> 4167) >199 4L19 oA L~ j 109 JYu b~ v j L,,l j1 ,qp I; 10 -)Lu ;ZlI J.~ zgL4L < e sJ) Jz J ,J.(1995 . oi,lA LrsoJ ,Fi CAJ RAjl iJyl 91 ? , , K.1 .Ji p%I *+ 3j~i -1 i L 1 L1 (5)i -Jl z ,g 4;l L) Jb 50 3 L- ! LSi f>. u.i-a j .l' Z- oF Y! 021 J,I ji> ju61 S )S J"I LS;..EU + 5~~~~~~~~~J', it, - ?JY + ?S-1L ,t;S -J ; * 1999-< :rw S 4 A oJJ 5 )S' 1-U-; .eljJi,,aB1!ui,Nl oU,eL; "' Ss i!> ii LLJbL K,J~~X4~ JLA1+ Ji ^R j .da -1 JI )LL -P +j (6) (177 ,< 41995 L)1 "-j,110 LY--~~~~~ :91 ;Ll ? ; LWI ! I110 + H - , , ci J9 o !D- 'lSlO l990 fW1 cj UA l ( o -1 (1999) 3 ,, ..sJi aj cul C 294 ow A , ooDj 0.23 . )LC JL. J I rL2 I LWU J o1 os~~L ;.U Jj ! i .(1999 j4L) o Jj0.32,1LZ. -i~ ~ (7)-j - -e A' sb , r t,-' 4,t-U 4JWAI iSI zL sxJl-5 lS Zi (1999) 3U; t> (1992 UL43-9 :e) oS 1s~~~~~t 6.ij LO I ,,;U' -S >S1 ! .1 J l f J9 < , Jyl t LlU ZjAs -UjSS,s o tS ,i 5+1 3! vil 9 ,Al i S .s,yl I "LJo j ,o .Ln 4 P i -4l5 .!M1 - - 1 l cS1 A a,-L L) L4~1 JL-, J~J111 .1) asal ,2aL8- Y 6s j 1 4J9lUl Jl,L>I JIJI,! E JI ,JLC 1 ) L YI 4j rL,+1 1 JL ,F '-1 vv -,, V -pM 1 1 iu., +(1994 11bi L.41 JLL JlI .Jl 2.1 GLUi O11 JLS JJl jlY ; 1.6 -DYJ ;y1 4'Y~Iz 4tJ 1 y -#WD 1 ~ 4L -JI L aj; 3.1 Ol4.-l O AYIJu6 -L-,#I~ Jj 1 (1994 S .JijJ9 4>,j-x jLbJY ( 9.(991 +-p i~~~~~LJIJ ;1-. L- -196 JjiN z199 j 1995lil ,,ej9:ij .e9f)L - i1993 e1991 '~Jjl eJI2 J c Aii) 1 -;lji FL-- -)-LZ CLW; JSX , L+- ',JL ILYJ 'Liiijj- ';:I s-L' fil L:L .)-~ D.i s;L-Ji J i '-+A 1!0991 jJ-r3eJj J g JL-Jll ' li,m n 9 ilp zzi L:N \.U 112 &~~ ;~~~w~~ Y~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~s~~~~l ~~~ A +~~~i' ~l (9)(1996 s '1994 XJ X j d1993 -sA3 ,4 '1976 .y) t 2 Y I J JI J.o ;I L : A-j (1 199 ~zAi~l ~rLA;J ~)i L, I .J ji~i. AHi~ ASJR j A >S .. 4- ya e- 1 2 ;,clsl H +1 Hs, jj S11 j) oujl c I $1 'I JAI A Si AJ eS ' W1A .(1998 1 p J 1-- j J > | G~j cj -ij * jd i; Z--j Le -Li > 9 OR DL--U jL J~,~i -aJL, j j W- S yJjJy l Ij 1 i '11 y C1 31~~~,jJ It :9L 8L LJI cj ,Acl .(1986 _9j) 'W j ;iLL. y ,i j sj .Z4 6 jWs. ,JNu , Xj - j, sL-Jij ji,)l 9 ly a4 20-6 L L- -;yl ,,u9 j&i -y .j) i ! u ;s AT j.Ls :ik ;LY~iJ Jv) -Y tGX >11l+sl a e jS1 GjJ +! oLj ,, >1 JJ-i14i ? C zl, s4lJ- l< X .,di -1 -J ZjU bjJr 9 t5JI JL ,3 is2 la.,b aiAL-J.Z 1 W!,! IJI z1 j 114 ~ *IICF 1 l~~~ +l l l | fr C) .| | AR A9W1 -JS +-, :1-I (I 999) wlci> 1o j (1) L 3ti j 9 9 1 .( (1-2 Jfrl) @L,J 1 U N1>i j o JolJ ~~ i:lsJ J i!zlIJo tto'\aX z j~~2 4 9- 38 1987 u-J s i dY -ol J~2 9l 8- 96 1980 aljFv .j aig au,L o,::!(5) J5. jl C-L OAc, suiJI 2 vi 6- 1 JajIL4 1 iW' jui-aL, J < -91 -j 1- 18 3 6.- 4s1 z198 )wi 1 25 4 9- 38 1987 28 6 9- 50 1989 X 23 9 8- 96 1980 18 3 6- 41 1987 20 5 8- 46 1988 ~-9S 1 8 3 6- 3 5 1989 S,S 37 9 13- 59 1966 ,8F 1 4 2 6- 25 1989 Y-e 28 8 8- 61 1989 16 3 8- 30 1989 Ljj)9'l 12 2 6- 24 1987 1(I999)5 115 fol 9 LJI ,,4 -i J uj (1999) w }e, .*4w >Ai, ;LJ1 J J;-Ji b,U 3 J, J - 1.~ SL1~J J ;XI~~~~~ 5e -y iOk -1 C i .2 I JU1J Jo-J ol > uL f I Sx .u14 6 ul ,1 CUiyJ jj ;l Ai 4 ~~~ &..%~~ ~~-, ~~U Lu- 4 - A9,LI cjp oU zi 5)'- J~ AL 6 U M P JL - -j @ Jg L < ul .5Jw - ;> -;J SL;i 9 ,? t- jI 2Jj-1 j; (1994) S! jjU ?e J5 -L- _U !-Uz U- + 4JI j) e 3 1UJ a5,'l JJ!&LgI9 t5 L .,5,yl ,,s Si S 1~~k.,L 5ut4- Ll) 0.0084- Mzi M 9 sJ9 9> otylj 9W2 A > 5L. j-!;J ji-L z DIJ,YI i .(0.0045 OUS )T bed-jp '3L! S sS u -191 '91 ,yl s A 21 eL-! o y,, x -L 1 1164- L4jI 1 RJB ReI 4JLlU 116 (2000) a-Qy j - ' -1 a 9 +. j J 3 1 -I 1 J l 1 - i 1 j , ; ,yl 1l t~~jr, fgU j1 a Ju2 0. lj1 J~ 0.3 m y 0-0.5 w1 90 j1 zp4\:1 j 2.2 Jjj 1.7 Lj I Z yj 9 S1 I )I-Lis. , ou .' 1999 ~ 30.-0 1)2 j J1-< 170 0.45 310.2 rL- I Lue I1 Z-. uN Lp J 9 >1 a , jJI iJb 0.I S! 0.3 l ,bi JJ, ji p s zi ,, i - (1-2 jj-L,--,2J) 4A,,sl- j- , J j Jl j5 Lsl Ujl <:~~~~L2Y_ * L-J.*'PlJ fy o IJ 1960 ls, LTi ,C) DL5 X J Y 1992 1960 y il T Z."j2i 0.9-0.5 >o 9 1 Itt 1, _S 4 w,L U 5 sl L: )L1 -d Lj cJj$i JlAJl > sLp i }-i L oivly ~ (1994) j JA L LJ4U C ! J ili LsLc A'4 Z!Ll ~- j5-~j ~ J U A,2-Fl ~94U )i (1994) > Li j- J)4Q 1J F S ;ib ai~ >JJ5- y_y65 JL Ji ovs3 bl v )fW' + 't- -a.. ' cQ3,.~L 1~ SyiA OJ X 1 - ~ ~ ~~J2 +-u~' .il9' JL! o#il u' -9 JJ W(noeniy 3u 9 aJi j W14 2Rjos 19 ,VJI ,5L; 11 oin P .olSll iJ;1 ; 1) JI OLZ Ecw ,CyUl i~ll jy s:$ a11 v6$8! H21 2- otu(1999) 3L n, 1 4Jst~~~~5L- I - eUNl I1 jLsa~' (19YI 1999) u21 H~- a U 1, Sj o11JaLT iL! J:- UL (1999, 3U ,,,C\ . o.b L:. O- > osLl oj~ oiLH(endogeneity) iJ J l ,?vl y 119 (I 1999) :)IJz :LL ;W l, L i_W A - - 1992 ,.,I) l ;-L,I) ( j) JJ-,J :d Ll j Zz302~ L,p ,jSl itl 1960 16 0 JL -J 4j V: S :,AJI, t- Yt ji _ .1992 vs iU b 4SJ > 9Iv U IA!>$tbl:L --,WillW Ls,KI Js yKlj 1 1) 1 cL-Lc2-' oI j-to> , 5.3 ji j iJJW < >. i 1.6-1.3 > U A ,Iv L_21Ji Lw!) o-L lIisij s I v L-- - ! .(1999 zL4,1j 4 i 0.3 )1. .,il JiJ J (3JI 120 1992-1960 f > W C 5J 2LR 4 3 2 1 . L Uj1 1 I i I cs l J.k ;,:a9L J,s L_ wJsa :. co4! 1960 L> L_1 -ts~>y i ri 1Jl .1992-1960 .11999) rf 11 1 , -:1 Lsei ;iIz L1 j L-i Y J 1 - 1 ZjJl 1 -J9l ,;>9 j9 s1ous 121 s 91s ,zy~~~~~~L5t i!, Jl %1-4 iD L91 3i'JI 3 e 1 - L1 WJi I ZpJ 1999) -L zS KI 31 ;X1 H S f UX > 1 sy W, 1 J-Ij>1 ~- b W- --1 g yQ.~jB y.L~a~ ~ U,L-j 1 '1995 Jj)jL '995 _pSj 3 ) ' } . J -I j- " - u L )6 ju-~l 9:U L, ISI i 122 II S Lt -s1 1 - 1. 981 JA ii?s ij, J! FL4,-l ziw ovL 1 L 4-4v123 i~~~~~~Lj iJLli ~en 2-juy l jjy .,5-1l o>1! +1 ,1 iL1 -9 JL,Yl L-- Ijs swi yi 1991 431 1981 3! j- 18il s; 4 JL) jt5 'u1!991 zWL C7 fy L) 9 o12 O_- L+UL, ji a;j;1 Z5,i OW_j (J2i,5_ :.Jj-j Yw ; ;JI )i 991Ca JJ,43 M! 981S^ JJJ18 ? "1981HJ (lJ^}J ' 4J!S! ,V<) J;l ? J PSI>! 9HZ JF;SL) As <:SJLI z J;l ,> -i sll i123: L~I cASzju.JI jJ L k .AJl LL iz ,L 3!, ~- UUJ 3 4J 124 l~~~~~~~~~~i .iv;' l J'-f JyA'-- ijAl,1 tsw &WtY t4sn>:2 2 J L,jl 67,9 63,7 1 aS 4 ciU Ii 64,9 60,3 J J o9 , A 61,5 54,4 ze73I 21 _ . j 79,5 72,9 & 87,2 83,1 j , z o i4 51,6 43,9 h;,;ekb2 50,9 45,1 4eLI ' 2I ai , 77,3 72,4 dli 12 L i o J-j 57,1 52,0 i 67,6 61,8 2 KuY-4 i r ,. t ; 74,4 69,1 JI j zU)i63I J, 83,4 74,2 ) ; ~ 5 a1 bt,J19.1991 ,43 1981 18 _ 3f> L Lu .0,0001 s-.. - ~ -. Y :- .83.532 S! 52.107 .L2 9L az!araa: 125 U - *Xf ,tk-tl UAL<- L S..i ;J Ji4F ru1l_ J Si M 125 J.)u L ~J- SI L 1!, L-1 o1,19 L- I; L1J "- i,1~~~~~J iSiI j U S o v1 og-9 L, jTi A' -;",i 3L :4 2 1LQ 0 - 8 _ _ _+ _- 6 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.d 6.5 7.0 -10= ,1- -,6Ll rpz :uC. 2 22 b eJ .:UL )uLajJIr WESHR) `Z yL- Ylj 4Yj Z.LAjY ; r Ioll jj` ;Ip .jA, ;1. j_ill, L) ;ljL- ,ii LL,g bG 7 i 4j 3 :l 1iJ ~-j .) C!, U z JJ L.) 5L'J j-' L ,x 2s,. L,2 Ls, L I .(I 998) L-< 1 i, , ,-: 126 Y 187 e (2000) aWSJI $lY A;I ' )~~~ ~ 5 r11 45lu 1j,, i>21 YI ,i , i,6L 1>~~ -1; ,9 4LJ~ A, OW9 jUl siL s!H ;JI~~~~~ LJI J<1 biJ 9 * . j L.'-' A-LJI JyxJlj I j 4 , * L2 > KL)1 ju5 Ai1W ;1J,L s 1OL L. JI , C1 J! L5S EX AIJ80 -cl! JLffiN 3J Z\MI JLL ,4)D41J J Hi li>! ~~~~~L- 3 S - ,iC !zi .(2000 J ILJ l l (16) ~~~ J) LJ 6 (1997,,@\ J9i > JL-)l y 12 127 L1W~ (3Ji UY 4 LUl - 1 1 -- -JI,.) - iIs ;I s-&.L, zs JW)1 ,S i) 3!J c41i, 4, t-4Il 1 .yxJ .,i o ~Ji S JA)I S 41S J 91 A, - j. A o3 ALl t5 t5i oS1 :,9~~.lgL Ll jj_ll zj e 1 s,t,L I L , .SuLJ t2-1 tM 1 jl Lsp JL-I)l ji 128~~~~~L1 j4J 1995 L-UW3- i1993 Wy) -as' o Illil g > sill JL&J(93-1990) " J LU; =-" ;,bti 1j .(2000 < )1A llJ SLLI!(S1AIj 5L;1 OliJ-(1997) )T l-Y *(17, .0.3 1 LJ r;-0.3 riz J cyl 0.3 *W4 ! ze ,,-tl o l9 -l OjA=l%GW_ 61W (tsYI 5yJ 4A s, J IL a_ u L4- 91 zi J ?~~~~~j. jj_ Z__l 1!>k __.1 Ul!;1S 128 4GLU JXyllS.s 4,JI ?Jw - i j C,-1 S JLi ?' 1 ,XS t+j iS ;G1J!"5tl!4u01,L ll j ~~J J L- L-3 I 1 ei o) Jl I^ z w;-, I j osIYJ it5.. 1 9 1 (,S,j 4JJY1! 4AJ JL.k 49 i;, l C4)J , ;; J -dQl -! Jl y4M LJ I ,i J i ~ J L~ ~L -~ 4~J~3I>J l JJl- Jk L- 9 (dWl >IJ ~,-il -j- 129 oaKu 4 ;Ai - 9 o Uu l A ,j191x o41 Cje ! . 9yl! i1! 91x~~~A. LCjj , - 32 u i l o C-+-~~ , Jli C,;J,I 3tuly u1 Cje 2 Lrs's- j j 3 . 4 5 o ,BJ jlL Z-l ,$ $L- 2 S ~~> I~L~U t!L,U l WL4i s wAi)J U!y 4J! 321,J 9! rsS eg J JIJ5iJ 4l ll 91 lai-Jy ji L-5 .,:,Li J) DL-Jl_ j ti 4J,eff 4- 3 e eio y nj ( eY I ,5 JiJi jL5- I-sl L . c. c L: L2l '-y S- .Ou1 i 1~ J )yJl l i1 L1~~~~~~~ cc#i 32le9 e<83 -L) -q jj L U3 &J -Uic Z;JUAl <^j> 9- ISL )jk~ ,FJL) Jb lJLIj :.,LrLI 2j sJ 4icyl~~~~~~~~~- at7yjG IJ9 Li 1 p1 - - - Nl ~-Jb^lJ z.L:1 4L:i)1 l;,1< 3oll_l<.4 1 J! .4,,iyl OSI Ji ,130l?i-4>Y ; I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~I 91 u W S! ' < 3j U) 4 ~-, - } WI 4--! )~- Jj ; Jl A l 3 JUAIJ rl 4 iJ oi-W L ) L:i- -G 13 -- i - mb A~~;JL- iu Ai ;1 *i ZiEl Ju6S o JoXll vl-l iNJI,5k H ,131 ,s2I>1< >ll ll L1X ID -1 ZL.sJA I L1 i ,>1 Ji ,csi vFi si J i f1j -I JL1 .gRyl S (S,u,) +g, Hv C Dl y 66 jjl Hi4 JW ' -tu,LSiU Jiu~ -L iyLi ci u- s J Ci 2i-~l jG - uJI 4 t .Ju)i eis 5 j-JI ci JL - -I ,w t 14 e14_,1-J jj::, 41i i4sIlJI 24,1 L4sLl cA4 5LA+ i. UJJ . jJw -,L, Ju 91 J HLsLA-O+1U1 1A i I A ,:,iA1 - >ji ugj ci . i .-jw J 132 _S lS il- j -o X JL; ji S .Dl S. 4uL (ui Ji i 491 > i ,1~ J ;1) j LLuy5 j Hui Sl 4> aM J 13, +JI! DI9YS J < HYI ;,19J ;SUJs 9 3 4ffi\9JF JA A A1 DT <9S;JUYI!Jpj3 W lJl LH 9 GS;. C1 CS Ol; G1 33 (v1J)DIY > J I As 4b OL_.\a*:: LN L4,J- .&AdWJI .(1990 ,j) - Y I ow N LL-4Ih _4 oSL< Ul J2l a Sl4 0-p zSl i).) 3 i- CL i )L~ 3SS CZ cf is 'uo U ; s .; -pJlj J IAy eti~,2' .~A J ij.. o LJ I ; L'- Sjji )iJ -4l1 aL3V , <:IJJ W$d WL +vg> o4'L~J ig F-- .QIJ c'LL, cjL:I i lJ, . -L ! ; ,F 134_X5 tL J jj-I! J, zt"-I JL- I 4,Lj I ,,G1 5S L3 J, JI , I ',5J I iO!L-J (4S1'l 4;-ULJ 9 L:ljA iXL L8 jJ I8 L)a zxj- JI- LI J-. .1 a S lL - a1, W11 J>ll 3 J9Ql! L1 S- jS' 4Ls I. 2 134l,S 4j2 #H eL ij4 l~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~- t-o-K zjl |j-,- | | % | R ~~W .A~~tJ~ j >~~_I .AS 4. I (i L~L5~ tz1 - d ojlW 9 LLx: 2--,- Ll,IJl _U1 i isX L p 1 Iu,> 4+s oU91 ~~~~~~, J '1 kj ' S~ k?- 'L i;1a 1 J G! olll: S ,1 4_JID GU1 UJ O1-J ZI-uhudl Jn0 J49 v2000 9Lp 1995 4.J1 \ ts;) ? Q,I 1 LS aiD LJL >C-ul - 4cJo J W4 L1 t . ?W 1 6i e -4 '& JW aiU WIS ai>>l YSl J- i Li 21 i Y11 J~~~~& ;4 ? g) ~'J ,1.LeS,, l -& 1> 1 Liy a 135 j ~ ~ cl J; ,W Hr A 4 j J .zA-AJ I c29 1 ';Z ' W ;41 l - . (1999 J - Sl Z,jL L.;.UU -,: u L) Zj (1998) 4,j ) jU J. , i JL s -1 .(2000 sTg 29>% 8) o1 a 9 '(1999 -I ll bl J l - katjyl if-j i~L2-91oc 198 5W A A 998A o tS- 136 YJ - J<3 (Proxy variables) i )IpU1 JAM il.: P-I1 3 , 1 .1995 Jl 1970 CWI J jl,'-j -,LJ 1AS1 J9 11l -C\~ -;uj l)j Uk - iA -1i1 ,JI ZJI z (2000) )lL,-, -4 Le s j Lail J 1 1+.jy S 5'W C A ai ?T;oil 1 4i191 &r 5L. >n , N 4i (1997 ,iL1 4J9 lX oDy JI 1;; 5XJ (Y41 YS1 4 (2000) ,1, S j ,l _ 9 ( OUy Ji) sIWl?LSH J H A+r,e W_Y2 1 z2000,A, -_) 3E i ojLc ;j,4 .(1996 W 2 1998 -,4i (1996) Q,. -L-j i,-i4 J) (1992) UUe ,uy i -5 (1992) :,U (1999 Y4j i _ I jc ~137 4-1 , b~~~~~L6J - i, 5 . ,4 , zJ J 1 -6 L5 L j~~. LI 'uj~ ,41 4+- , % ,L!,:l L J Jc. bLi L J -8 -Al ju kSr1o J - UL a & - l o5U@' > ,UL U3JU j L.9 ->- U -s; (1994 1J < vL,l r-L. j 51 (4 J 1I ^ 1 s~~~LiLc, k J) i4 (1996) i -9 -JI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 10l JIiY ~~.,-l Ju ;yLUI ,jiI l U' lZL,aL. Li Cj1u LU Jlj JL,)l 1970 1, 2,n JI ,.yGl o )j- (1985) _ ItJlj 1 -11 ( L7 ) j J 15 Lzj U, 9 Ju) -)U "Li~ 'TJ+f~l ,Al" a (1998) jlAJ J-Jj ,b '<" :Jt Jx , l;FY,,S i -17 9 Si ji~U i, uoi jKy;\J J-e 9 Lca :,jU -N JJ 1fj J<~L4l *J "L >J $ g OLiL \v ,:,r4 >J+t f J .(335 ,,1997; R!t Y 139 i I i IWIW I I c 9tattj f 9La vl" 6i 41- 1 - - yl DI YL) I, LSJI O S- - - JL-) .6>;e jj1 4l6i11 - W i~~~~~~~~L s~-- .ic jJlEJ 3 J ;5 i1,olllC4i AI1 .g 1S J9, v2Ji;v i Jl ._ .J < -1 JL-) 4-jU1 L~ L4sy JL-1 Je J_14+ 1 61oS -LJ 4LIy, al,! Gv Lf, S U Jt' oi*1 O aX JiS$ XJY ,JI ja LJ L. . JU 95 -L .;ibb L-;, JL_- 2-mijdi1 Zze)l S tixY + Hs o1 .91! .~;L; J; I AN gA I !U y j ~~Lj ~ -IJ J_, st w- s: 2-1oOt ! ,jj-LJI vblJ . i il L-II 51c li 1 -I ljl--lj CjIj J)i 20 j j i L.-U Ij' .:I e) 4J1' J) J-jIU )L, -L ! I L) J-~l ! J -1 LLaij -~z, t1'j1 L>91 C;J -,-j*- LS 4 A:P1 4u5Jl 1950 4U ;lo; &--L 0)L1 X-LJ jL, JJUJ J2Iby -Us-, J>-A, ; G 2000 cWI L)'Iji Lj ,-s -)L u LyL l L" ;.Ll ,.), o 142 LO~~~~~~~~~.oy ,)S jji , ot 45-_ ZH Jl. ef La s t~"J_ w4 J*.lg sxJ l SU 6al! J I JI -Qt as: 13 l JL'9-)J ! LJI 1993 j 1990 L- ZU W J J I i Jl cIL; Ji (1998 j~_qAj s_j@leJl el .J 11+1> J4 g 6 A1 J0 ; ak. yLJI JL-3 : I ji j, JI .;:L ; -Ji J4j ,! S J: W .JfI JL )J;, .L1,J :5 .(L Ail) "Lbj jliNJbl .(JS J8! s0.60 z l , J < l ,i, iL ,9iiJ60-40, E h !<>J S>1 Ll%!- JLJ yiLk 1,YX GHI 11 , 1 EaUl C>z! ;1Lj JU I J2~l .JjyI 1) JI." 3JL L+) eLs;2aJ$ Ii 1 1 i -,. .(1993 @')LiJ 1'J2'~y 146 J 2a-U 54 j Uy~ j a-t 71- J,'j ;jy JAAi >3 o;l ;liy JJI lJu 4ju4! j)ll W3 As JJ - 3~4LJOi~- - j 36iA S~~suzi ~ c~J-i j j4 J 61j,995 -U 82j"147 > ;9 ;1 ,,> JJ C:j .,1 ub} rt3 L1Jil cZ-cL - ,- :.L6I z, L-yy LiI > W >1 L_4 4_;_4->JI gP1! 1__^tl 4Jw ~~~~~~~J 4,>iNl J29\! + J o1J147 ;u . J L"- L6. 1_91J L".Jj L6,- ji , j J-jJ L) 3 a , ipi >1 *(1996 QS) O,1Jj JAI5,l 0_fflyl 9 I C 41 Ii ->'L, 1 L oss1 J X1 jx ;91 C J;l jz ;vI,9w Js o yj, aL1,, a t+! 91f9 :L; Ja jL~JL 5-JjJ .(1998 E)LzPjA ck^~ c jjw) aJl I:SJ d,3 oJl _ l Jios j1 ij 5 Jl .i LzL S L t J .s , Y 1J 4,,yl~~~~~~L as- JvDJriljG _OW JIJ C ,9-X .oL5L - lzj ji _ ;L 44 4&1~~~~ c - - IJl Lli;I jJJ L-6 I-j U;, S .rJi 1! ~~L LLE p o9 - _ sl -1C- PGb 148 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I U UJ .xiW o1o Y#r91 LG J >y3 ;s1,;1 JKi~ Lgi S ? 49-91 se@1 L1 alwi S H A 1 4 i I . 1 t1 Oa a ~J ' ,I 91 1915 I AjI0 ;b~~ ~ LL~ ~ LU u~ j~ AL -t4 L 31 - 91 419~~~~' JI ; vJ J JII .R4U J ZiL ,-l ,sI o;i .41 DyK \ 2 LJ 4,>ii fL.~WI ~$< W - J ,I I _Jl U ~~U,U .o f J YJ1 ~,J5J j9k a1I s) -#- ,L-YJ~ 1,;1a -tL -U@1 4,-yg 1S L zl IoJL j43 eS Jb .zy93 1W 4 ! L) 1I 49 41_^,N~~~~~~~CL) OL jy j - i ; iJ9 L1 - ,? JI ~~~~~1 iEs b soiXlw1 Al,49G I,4 , L) )-,, oJll C_J94 Fi -U>i C tG_JI w -lzi L1 W1J6 9, clzi L> 5/ .e jI J - sFJL jEl ,r4 5J j3 jqWl L3u *4 i L 199 > ~(~8~L )LL) ,~ ,-~ i- ~ ;~ 4-uJ -L;i Us t"99 e''e sXLJ e3 &-J jK9 (a-y >+J!L391 J+I> L L) .La-Y j_ _s ]; iW Z j1i _x Jyll, ; rd (CEDAW) ",i Q; I I U L* 'Laa -LI,,~10L J ) ; - i it J jtl 4XJ 4X 5j ."L- ,U ok j-d) l jUts A~ 1979 tu,, ,(7j~~~~~~ 8i oj-Lj )9 4JLjyl L) y lf p- J$ X3 <>i 51 C1 ;? Ijo ij1) , oJl_l >J -JI -L JI) I L3 ,;Jlj (1 -4L-J j DlWj *:1, ,- y ., ,J- I) i2 y I j JI J<< ,! .J6 ala ;.L"I,"1 4juibt L!L iJIo ,>191! i1984 cj - (f aS zL dsl uA e 9U w>Lc JIsX -L- -L, L~~~* , "199 Jel rLc i< on p oo ? 4 Ij t -LiL o Jlj Ln- ?I L,i _> u) J Ji 5~ 3i"; L5L G(7 8JI1JI) 4I f lxi ,9,1 u U1 i50JeL J j, jy * 1995 C " oi iLl -8, JY ;,.slp 1995 L,u X nkp " -61 t-5, ;I,-Y j ;J - 46 <-! j_NLs L3 J ;I RIl 1)- Ay i -9.(19 97 7 <91)~~~ o lrl !iJj) 165 cD 2000 CSJI 4\>,u ~~S%L~K, j -jIj -Th 9oil -I G~O e)>j 43 > < X;Y ji sjj 31 i (1997 ;ol: I E l) -Lo22~~~~~~~~~~5 I.. w:S 1-1 )lJ9 4 IJ 151 jiwi;t;-tl ~ ;*-Wj:mJ1 ) lh A - 13 J 1995 ;4jUl 1,L6 vyI -I,Jjl jL-y 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.85 0.80 0.80 l1997 - 9199 o1 1.08 0.8 1.04 0.6 1.00 0.4 0.96 0.2 0.92 * 0.00 U L) j,l vl ^1J^1j J+ *iAl~~ ;3Oll L)vglJ1 Ml j_, A 2.33 .(I. b i (1992) U; a 4 100 ,. i r3~J -I jj-,1-1 Ia;l )ijc- iL jt }Sl Aj 2.67 jic. ; fti2 :-Jl jj J~ ~i U.',- Wi :.y~.*J~~ i(1998) WISTAT 1,, O ;(1992 ) ,A iL,:J15 . 1999) ;j-& XIe ,tL< -J < 152 ;v6 8rC Y Q 91 J f7 L -1 -I L1 tJLc JJI oL5jc jj4 , jjjWp 4 J l ? J 9 ~~~j-- L! p 194 > L"U- js;Ui oG "!,u J a,1e3ojll j 'UJ al!,l j1zsJ e1 ls1o - Wi ,U9 )Li lzbi YU 1; >-s!(JI9 iuyl i 4t_yl 6 > 4y 153e 9 j9lJ jK9 i .? Q lujua; es fLj tl 4t15y oJs J9 J% .(1998 j ) &12J UJI L>YIY j-4 J jz 1950 W, U H j Q,G ~-'--~ (1984 jj i1985 ) o W l jL j;# i,j Sz JI_ Je ULc Wy oAlloUAW (8) 1 IS ;1 >l,,tiy J<_ lw| uNb u A~Ll 200 L) 4 1!1 Fj> .J-U L'5 WJ1 -8 sJ ; Jd by J) LL_ ) .(199 jJL_JI J 3) iHJI (sisLi e! eA JL , o D e15 4 &A ;- ,J I a*,s sj :L.:LI i?j_ ~,cLf pC 4 eJ! kjul e teL_JI ::,ua.i .:,! ,e SY I -i J ll!eI_i Us 4V- L) L)~~~~~~~~~~.SD jAkl L S4 ~~~_~ lX ki L<, IS j1s 154 LJ s Ai 1994-1960 J !91~~-Ji JL 3: o-zC, l ,:, (1998 Zij 4bs G~~~~-- 1 1 ,5' J 2 J i19941 4--1cI ouf LUi 9 4ul L 4l-J Lt LW >/ ' )51 4J 4.'^ wYj 9 j91 9sJ }zlX, jj -, 1994 - Q-J CWl Jj , 4! *9 Ju K 1994 ;lEr U -iA - 9 il JI I'l ;~Lt~~ ~ ~ ~4J.itU ,W ! .(1999 I 8 ! A 4 v es L .i .J,lj 4 i j - Wj l-, JW - Lpl E_ :1-~ ;SyU ~- , 9 , .Gyy i J ,i~ .;1J Lo1 2,s Ki 1 *(99 J-f-J ;t4, AJI oLs 'LL i 9~155 S1@S 11C zj gova > uSj,-6- L' L. L19 .(1999 assT '1998 4,3 H~~~~u L,- AP I D$ 1 51Z D1ji a=JI z-JI ,921 ,RI H! ;4A11 4>yl f i .(1999 ELJ ST jJ oL jiN - o;> :1 i^l:ti 5 *(1999 )Aq-, L'tA!3 jj,~ )Al- Sj SEX,ze1YU ;X >iy LJ JQy n a,\u J-A Le iL~~~~~~~~~~~ J$JeU llY9 >J !% v 1 HsJy~~~~~~L I J ~,J n I I I 6 0 ,; Li 63 1J K IY .1995 Lc- a1 12,4 *(1999 J1 H) l J l.24L~ .L d 156 aIsSl @ s2- 91 X1 i e e9l aY, - ) ;;J_U LU1 g1 be JWJU =i .(1997 4j A) C<9' o > Ojj, ? e J 1 G, J1y jj1 ;99f 4Lil irA o j;,4 J ,Y 41. D ll > cZ J~~~~~~~" L-- Lioi J< b y 1996 cW o UiL a i 4 U J - yl Cly~J.lXJl ,+_ULO _tyL yD 1997 Lt s zU Lt . JJ .y1 I- LA jlfr Uu_ Au '-ua ~, ;1A 1 , D Y i r l l i UJ ~W (199 ;,-j iS _ .5L , i ,y5j Lje ,: 9 ,Si JX L,) L-u J I< a- s ,6 Y' j jJi e Jj jr z 3u .(1996 t 199723 Pl:ug;Jl J ,ul4i191J .(2-96 R3 5) L97 1JJ 157 i92A ij. N e LpJ i| 'Li L1 9Y sJlj _IJU -j J jy .(1988 ij.)J jru ,9U _;; L.g -|Sz l s5t 5jJj I ;Y 5 4 JSJI 1,>11 .JIJ i I S S IJYI F GLCYI D\ 1 L+t I L-1 L. ,j4 L5 Wa;. > 1! 91 > ,yyL Ji Jj. 41 Ji j alW S~~~~~~~~~~L L jyl a5.I JU6l 3-1 z-1A!.-1a l J>ol gL-,~ 4a2-,a J r o J i Stil J,.YlJ .(1992 ,,smj 3 #)L4) .0 !(999 L))Ij1 ) PY -L-Jl Ji 4UL1 IPJ J 2 slJje 3J I,rll Lp1 ,Qas,Q J;L_) L'i ;Alc SS - Ji Huyl o>> ! J! ? 41,J -LoX y li 45 G:I i 50 LIs 1?y t #C Ji4 tEf U* -5 LO--1 rs S S ,lJfJ 4JI 158 oEl S&:AIJ 8ipi e5iU ."1996 CU j zK 1 po L~ ^1J o lS%LJ lU S J9al- 1 JSAI cA4 O S - t:;1 - 4gb > -aA0 .j> JL1 i s ;I LJ J JL) giJ sS S as-)d G1SJ GLJI\ J t <;,\,;y~ ~ l , ; U J2,a1 z sL5 1931 C <3-Z l:II <1 ~~-Jl aJ;I 1 -;L;I I JAS )S 13 .(I0 (2000 JI,l Ji WISTAT 1998) i-44l ui L S 159 L&s3so'I@ 2 j .8SJI J DL ji ? Xf ~~5 ;11 v9i- JLL-, YI L ejLLJI >S jaj GSJI - u -- ~ 4, L) 3 ,391 jyS1! 4p j ! 5 x 91 L- w -21 slzf i!L1Al r- ;l jw 3~-IIl Lju1 0 ,; LJ i9 , & 7f! fu ,,1 <: ti vfa iWR,-'! 22J 0 j- IAJ 4 L1 J)I "1Xl zj j B 3 .ifL lpj il. P,tj i! -I ji LJ- -L" '4; 1 'Z1 a e s isjji~~~~~~ a. OLJ l >1 j SA L 1L60 Jf ,J fO%J- u+ Jj uL) c Yp ,<-c J,S,;iJJj f5 li J t- Al8 j ofzL ^ -JfJ160y -- Ic-~~~~~~~ I, ~ ~ (I *d ( oT L t ~~R C -c ' s E .e e' S / i , t t ir. atfYl - as ij.- al -- S!,yJ41 u :11 Lr S1 i L IC.J oSLJ 4sN IL vI; a-1. JL j g J-JI O f L36 IJ - >LM LL_,S1;i p .4 JdlI LA J,Ll Uo) J AL! J fJ 4SRJI;91 OJLI~ J.'' o-Jls JJ p S GJ) L, I , W- J D Lie i ; Kr1 ; JyI GL3 . LA !UJI JJi .,4JI ~ L' , J L;Y 9WJ--IjJI -1 3 C,L2 aS JL y~ S g-9 <,lj SU o1 f isO, $ J~~ Li L::,1 D aslzJ b .(3-3 jjU-Ji ) -W yi u >O .(1971 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (98 ..JA ; ie 1 J !4 1 J4 -J Ij -16 1 jJA GZj5219 S ! .171S)<u!1 zr:J !.1-7jJ i i;L_ ~j A,FIDjl ) i J4-, 31 ,e oLX1 S usU1! up1 S ~~~~~~1 e987 SoJ 163~.+ 6'iLill" :3-3 a 3lJ;)4 :,JI -,2J- 9 I1 <1 J< 42 j1 > - ~ J .LWI vLL JiA W-g ~.ut ? cs u I Ji rJl9 JjL .(2-3 ot > Js ,L< -Li .;-L JL1 1e)i - -3lJ:j 1_-1u 1;J~ _5i JL- U) As LJ ;JI 9 Li ! k; Yx --1,1 C s J ~~ uJ 4j I) I - e .(1997 X3J J .,X1 z_L)i j J j ?sl,1> 91 J <1 W nrYI ~j ol L S 5L. LL.Y 1! -L; u iO e - A5l oia519jjs -,L-C JL -- ,- i s I ai- 4 L - ,i e e -G i..ll ij,2 ; j,L - ;.9 -A j ; Ec! 5 1 LiL-yl J OLli S i1 i -+ ~~~~Z jm lb -ieJ1 2A (lg JL-eul ) -1 ---- 9~ ,. I je~i .~ 4&JU- l >! *(1999 Jj rY ZL-) tyl ,- olLllUs A -iJ- i+ lJ .5 }AJl ZL.L,l , o LJ 1 ) alLe 3u *: ,2SI j 9 157 A 'L1 l 1999 jj-W "Z* Z-, n.3 L--u 4,j)4 >CIJli2 S lxi >3~~jjL Z clJJJ iLsl ,8yJ 4J IX>:l1j !(383 z w:~~~~~~~~~~ z1 L s J I S :i iJ L-j! .ZSY J -I j > GSYL:LI 4A,- > 3, 4,L1 JF J,Xl )I -aY Sl 81 WLC ,- SI J - yl 9, ,_491 ,3 ISA~L 9 9y s 5 Y1DiXC)-_;9 t J r ,;?! li,k G11 ,ro ,~~~~~LJI .s - J zifkj 5-4L BI IUU 9! G9~~~~~~~~1 .a~ 4 LA ,,S!.ll?v ejJI_ i n1! < bj,:,cU OA sP .(1999 1;*I) -L+ a 166 J-1 P ~~ Le 1990 g - ) L6 JrI4 . plml LJ u z, J,xl J s iou1, _4 >j .~) aj- 21, e - ill , L ) IJJ J4?ol -0999 l L~W ~LW m~J i 1_6Jj 7L1 L5 ~ .L JJ 91j! 9 ;1 11 J i ayl ,3 olJl ll Sy1 ~~~~~p L5 y e--Z wrnAI e1 Joplwn Y4 lJ ,M1 n ojll 1 5-s2 i Si .iJ >c Jlj ~167LJ j2 si->loWS > ~~Wl ~-L ,, _> ~jL JLis Lt L_J LLe- J ~U J 91 > S 11-L.I L)6 _4pJI ,L1 - 'I z JC (1999 J9j~, ~)ASL) 4ljJ U ? sP. al (C)1JJI 998 J1;1 -- yl J~lJ b c klT 2 _,j_ JJI *_.e .: ILJI ,aI#il _L 1~ .;LiJi J. a~~~ 3JI .i3L L2I 2i Xs4 0. 4j-u-I 91 S > L4 + 09 D->Ji 4&.ij Dii U l Sl LSLI iZlb 1 l )1 jIl J .j .Cl 4--U e Cli .L Ki.wSl WH ? -b j i,, > ll!? 1 .6 8tU >L (1L)9L j,- , L'lOsl ltl W .(1994 & ,_rk H 4'!s Lai- siS j-yiH - el 168 ~~~U ysL t AjJI 0A- i_L$J Sy Ji a,,t. lJ floyJ o1 XwJl j ~ ~ i 1 .I 51 -bl L- -1 y~4s t l ci ,L -4,1 " -U z J Jii L t J .1996 - i - -S I a,Si S vjS >L-, "7 J JSI g , J1 9JI ;J AI j--?y4 '1996 c1985 ;AU_ )Y& Al) -Z)l~ # l ,,iQj FL_Jl J9 a-s >1;J!iogUS31 w -i (1999 L1998 'l)a )jA 9921996 jgx 91 Ji S J -,l 2--Lj j jLl 19 - im aWil ~~ c~~W~~ ~~LL ~~~AI J IJiI j9 ~~~~~~LL LAJ *;-, ~K - 9 9919 88 JLi 'j JjJI Aa-i\ ' 1 L < L;-JI 9-JI z3JIA toil 1il S i1 s j?L5 31 D - j C41 DJI - l ji INI.2 ji ,j-L W fE -JIl .t 9I9 i I88 L9 J IWj2 L U LJ i:#JIj 5 1 o1 j1 LJ ~lf 3* jj 14 12 _ !, -, GIjJP IJPs,-i 18, UyJ ,y J 3 8 a 5 4A' ,9-' :J 12 , J 'L-A -1 > o 4,-JI (L4) ( 999 j ) , , 1 L. 4 L - L-. tJi JSlwL w55 i! liGoiil9 AlS ~4i 4J u 4l JlJ 3l W)U1L osII< i l ;1 11 &i oU 4 l W9Xi L$.1 (,2 9) .L 3 > 1L1 o> 44-i ojl>=l,< (+i z1-S) .( 1993-1969 ? \J.}JII-7 J >98 4 8j (+i~J 9) 29 j,6 - Z-- ' j :-, -L--- eJ\9U W3! .(1998 j)) il.3 4 p $ 4U v Z~~~~~~~i jIs) Aj LJI; _4t sl~ _-Y <>;, . ! S; OW! .(1999 j ,),y XY .(1997 ), 171 di A 7y a+1 SH 9 Ji v aSi LJ - C~I c 4_J j 4 U jU{ o- WtJl JJL+ Atuv yul ,J - L l 4 y o CA j,6,- j J 1 P 1 t)S a,9 X -;JI! JJ~~L--jI L4o, JA I iiL< ir lAj J~~~~~4AJ jjij te -)Lr '! MS JU ;. 6 ? 1 ;L-, I.rL >J;jl ,Au) Za, U1jl 1 .ji 'Jui >z Ji A -Ju'. L) L-., ;1.i J.,Jl L9 LU21 JXY je .JU 2,L, L) o JLI 4UJi 3il 1 i+1 !zyi .* AIz C1 LC- IJ -JYI - ,92 4 t l o ~Ji LWI J ixj s J~~~~~~LLI 42J ~,JI 4I15. tIA -sopl 21,, CJlc oLLW ojLJ! SL~ ;,J -, 39J 49 O1 24 y> J,i1)y 3JLJ &iJ LL.)l ,> _9>e,L1 u tS1 >z, ss~~~~- - J ll A ;,51 o v W~~~~-LS- L",1! L1 -L t,UI .91-J Uau1 ?, .(1999 l8;i)JUiS 41 l0A pWJ LJI ? S1i-- cL4i L- _5 29 IA - Jy J S n aSi ~~~~~-I ,- _ L!) u . ~ j S 1 -WI 5J ?;8109 ? ;a;JI AL UL<, t4~ ji ju61 Lcl 4JUX iSJ Lls nC} -~ 12 ,1z1s1, L1 <^xf L LF 172 j,-~ cz>. i.l i , &A Y .(2000 JASi 3 , j, 4g1 X-~ u i 5 J,- oU%iI oW91 4 :,Lcw j 6 91 <, j) 1j _0t2 ,,y9 , 0.5 aa9 *>1 9JJ0.24 uX +8w .a :tYI z1- t1 4 dtpl 9 ~~~Ji 9 1 J9 J .2Ai .(2000 j -wS d999 lj t JL-}. f ; ,T LJ3 U 4 3 -4 O! SI ej~ % OiJ yY1 J; ri *<:,- L_4d LJL,J .)\Su 4L, l OJ lj JL - .(1998 ,S)4 l; 33 JLXS. DY, l 2?e 4z,+2 4 U o )JJ O1ii o. 4 \ ii .Xl Ji8 34S1<:i jA j, j G4s0J S15 uyl 1 1JL WUI cA5 JI J 15~~~~7 z-Y c- OUiD L5UJ 64 WE J Ji 1 I CDt < -t-J >!I --.UI ,-J I j v!, JY J .2; < O S jS .(.?99 - .4l3 W SJ P!-;ylOl ,1 ;i >W,Y .L >. 173- sLi:Jij J5 isL,.l L"-jUj .5JJA 5 *,C,^g LJ2- sJ cwl uaS 1 J Su 1 i 1 -- yl -! >91 A!-,JI J s'- .(1998 jj JL-)l = i ; Ib!! YI o1 - All sIj >l f - L,) zA ~L L5LC J J' j11 L 01, JJ ,-o: pjI5jfjlol 1 j A L,9 g1Jul _U'-J 'L, Ji-i 4e u-y,l C~ tojs l -J J I I A SS G3 *( J1 994 SJWJ)DJl I14F_ Ol,j - L IzJI jN I J iAas ZL-JI iviisy Oo -Al-u I L) :DlO!1JJI9k iJL$IjJI MLLI -~ ~ ~ . i)2 ( o v w)il i:il iiy Soi174J1 (x-i13 7) ,i.JI " Jf 9 .U-jl J. 1 l i1J 65 i uAl j . > L 5j L- j 1 L- L . . 80s SUi 4 >> C41 J =1;1 u4 L$73 ~ I > , 191 uy4175. Lr L, Cj+ :ul jL2z<1 L-. I !- )Y J 1< 1S ~~~~~~~~~), 1LW,~ ;l1SHs1j+ g k .(2000 jlJ-ia)>1@J ) F_J ~~~lU 3_" 0X Y Y .1~ Z,- 32l A-4 61 L--U 4J>u OLrf-blyl O 1b J -H l * S *(1999 3 9 i,20 &1 ;!. L- 175 WL 30 a,,Yj . U J - 'J -j pii 1,Yi -J JU )I ~L 1i.Aul j . L- s >. (yU -J , j-Il 3 y.MsI 2,L jl 3 - ,j i j~~ "Lji .O~ 4JU3 Zy Wy Zi u'J 9 , - ji z OlJlll As ,ASj 2 31 J1 3j '- ' - 6(1995 ~jJJi ~LyJi l i-)~ Jz dX 4j WJ 4 j3 p ZLC, Lj J-l S, al o aj., L: 't jj ;l oYt.a Jd .U2) ~ jjIA~5l jsS 1J 31 ZI dl! JJ,ylj 3_H1 5b -! 4>1 ~ J o J W IL J I ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~- o-A .25 3 JJ3 t.I JyUl 9! . +J )# ;5 ,3 Ji oE Jiy 3 o L.JI cJl ,y1'-Li tt icA Jjl JJ JI LL3 i L) .2-3 - r 40 5 Jl J-J >- tLU LJ >ii o -1 176 i I_rj .j'X a 2 40 o t'i Sl J -,>t1j 2 .2y ~ a / v ;b ji (1998) , 4! 9y U> ~~ Jy- ~~~~~~ ~~~UY ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 j A, -L J- ot. J+l S S1v 1J2 J v191 ji ? + 91 G yl -Z+1 @L ~~~~~J~ i J/1v- Su 9 v 1 J~I OL Ot ~Ji L19 L Wz iJ 14-LW j L~ -i.J L)-9 Ay- 12 L'- Jl l gi 9 -; Ji J J 1 j>~J > 198 vUi 4 u1 iL gI -,-,NJ l . _:Ill Lss~ i 43 L ,;d ,4 a- jij W.L _,? -J --9L j W I 3 91 .1a 4i I J,+1 >1 ,iF;j JJ'77 t| ;199 L , 9 + )!(1 JL 4) j > Aq Li> A OJ ? d pi 177 oJIhL W j % & Ji, p 2-3 2.3 l S8,_ 1984 rJM 1986 u 1982 X,,f 1989 * 1982 ......,>1t -.1990I S4,y t! 1990 ..- ------ YL~1995 :I 1991 v- 1986 1992 J?1992=i- _ Al 1985 1985 L 1990 , 1985 _ _._ 1990 t 1986 I 211988 L 1992 6se Lez D t !i1985 >1t_ 5 j1986 a_Ij 1986 _ I - su; 1988 b--~ 1984/85 u 1970 * A,j X UJl tw s- *rl 91 z L .(1 999) 3J-J qI ,! G4,2JI za;kilJ siY Q)ffi U J bJW e) 41984 1Wl J<> G Jw , .(1997 5- l JrJ sri! A< 51I ~~ ~ ~~-~~-'~~ ~U1 JyAJj I Jw Jyil ! .oinJ L 2-iu 54 L- LU -j 1998 l WJ L ;i UJI Ua4J j.l j 1$J1 -7 Jp_1 G9 j LizI U C,& L5 I r ~ Ui5 !91 sS K '- .K,j Sk (Si aS.(1998 Q)Aj - 42J iKi) j.2 J1 oi&Jl AJ T'jv" g-I J -1~ 3J 1JrJ- C 1L,i ,)1 fLi 3W1 v > + 179 l 2, .1 - A ? 996 o; LH 1 ej j- Lj LJ7I L o % '- .LL5U ji L1 A , J iJ!SI zia-js. cU Lc y lL. aUL.~ 4 1pi iy.t5otu Uc X j sL ?U . y - J2l Lii J,91- XS1 >jl 'ji Li 45cu eejJeg Ja Csj. gcASL < 5U1 JW;1, 29Ul ,1~~~~~*xL ssWi JUJd ? JI, (98+ 6>znlCC 180~~~~~~~~~~L1 J e J) ILi I 1 A 9 llel 1 - yl j,1 rtr1e yL S1 .t DS Gy Of s Ac ~~.( 991o1?'8 ta Ji S Lt1* X l 4sl, 1 94J ;J tL<,-l lI -olji : -L--Z~~ W AI j ,'Su j jK i ,..~ J;1 Zjol 180 j ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ji 41 .ay~LL J- l U2Ji6 L- >i 19 L ' - - - LrA ;l~L U L. - y - -I j- C i tY k 9 5 2J.yl S 2JU1 ?~ s eyl ~~~~~~-,A 4 ,F, Lf - u1tE CjZl (JU~~~~~~~~~~~~~~21 91,L 1 ) z ,o1 GHy 1y .(1991 JTg s 2J1 - ) )i .1997 jF 5s JyL ,4,s .(0999 is s) 1 2L iz-l ) L 1 wi, w18 S~~~L LFDI)1!11s 1jy?el . 1 -L-Z J ,1 ,i 1j-Y ,,i ilL.--L ;J j Lz i)LUe wS1 >S1~~~-0 9 3 : s oW ;A3 L=5)' U F i ,l- Z Lb . (1997 ,J ) .UJI-4,2 , IRI ~ ~ -~- - ,LI 1 g.>i J vi 51o o ,k u1 1 1 , cj1 L-j,_5JL i -LZJ ZPL,j1 iP 4.+1 3L8pj4jYI e eLI ; ,61..fi JL<_c.l : J1,- j_d1siI>l jIb iJ .~JjJI Ub;S sI,IJI J I ,nsi J (Lg a-L-y U Jj 1.61_ 1 p J-L1,-y i .e) FU~jJI ok ~e 2j-,u ,zy ojLLI, l ;~~~~~~~~~~U o - l L Y -,;-i! J Cii_JI-iAJ 'A l 9y ,~~~;j-J olJlll 'L_d 4- . JI Lr, L 1. oJLYI 4-d fI>:I JiI cif oi i Wi . '182 .(4-3 J) Li?u 319181#X~J 6% *A- t" -q~ ~ Wl -9a A, +UW K Q,z~a. I o1 *i S1984 1 ,, :U3y.Jy3 -W l < ! ..i x I < s } 19 495 S6 92!t : (L yWI j UJ-Ij )4- jl !~~~~ LWI 199 ~U JI }J !2i a' L)~ ~~~~2 J ol Ck :~~~~~~~191921 fl J 9 ) 19 ! (l 1.11I Z tu &1 !)~ 1 1 . uJ~~~32 JU y u\ o1995 ,S, S-191 o21~L JjL5 > 1999 wl 9 yx1 4, ;i .J':9 js - ui jL y ,9 1 91> g &f ,.rx 9 ci Q aI -j- -y1 83 183 C1 *1 S .irlnJ;Ll Swo) l L) 4iJIJIl J .J JI -di :.,;.4s~JI uJ JI >y iLdIj ; 1 WI 2L Mt 1998 L,s, j,i j ZL L 2 > S9v3-9 uL1~~1 -W1 ; S Ll olJlll 5~~~~.217 J _1996yl dJ),; -21j _ Yi 4 1 # ( -2-1 & J J -1 J Ji~~ C! .LS Y-~ Y 91 }LTh jk2 j *Vwx., 1 t J 5 ' Z &i~ ~ifi 'J~3 A,-51 Y} - 2S 185 a_Ls 45~k ;-c y~j,-) JI :. 1A ry Ll -L-1 -3 Jl 4(1987 tU, Wi t1S- gia;r,zl-sfflY 4,._ 996 oy);IL- -A &,iilu I ~~~~-I-Jl 1,L2t L5s! LJ (2000 8zJC,_IjJjb olJlll pHl Sc A _iJ%>J 4,f 8 9,, s,, (1996 Lly. .(J jYt) L'l v 1 ol szEl _rm 21 alA: 1 S<1 - 'lUl imUl Si~~~~~~~~~ I9 Io L 9 tS221 -ks" ~5k J4. i -4LIjJb_ 4J%yl~~~~),"- 9JI ,- Sl _ -3 Il AJI .(2) "aA 1x1 .L. bfI3 4lLI4 < j jS p J 9 ; 1U -6 y1 , 3>y46-l C1-ul tL; 13! 1A CL-J Z.-u Ls,# L^X - a w~~~~~~~~~541 A;J o~,l jl-J-+I ZL< 3 Jay ijL5- .(1984_, F .j 95A Y SJJi;l LI 186 , S 91 ,- S 8 "til J t1ji ,l -8 1976 in)oU lt laal,e @ $ is i1e t1 ji j,I JG, 2000 Ji,i- ILs '' I .(1985 ,, lJ v,il,. _5 A O J C>yl ? 4+1 o\'S1t- Oi ?J - 9 .(1997 .1999) -i JA N ClJ,> L. U 2, 9 z , C>,;L) j, jI.5 -10 ,Sl 9 4S1J: ,9Jl a =c .> S i+- J8sYZ I - 8,9 -)L tSG &S S l .(2000 Z)La?8O()z:<\ 0o1l;I L) J,1% Jl b L) IJL)l W &I ILIi L-J Iu ji jjYI J-1J -11 .(1997 j? jJ ,>j1996 )_y^_ ~1998 Cr U '~ L)S -:'JI o lYJ tJ. L) JL- Z, ;L-j,,I -12 L J ) Ou.' z L) L)8 5-L-j .4)' l,- kl).j JSl JJ_l^ 01 L 4i5 o+ LS OXys 1b~~-,J J L l ,- .(1993 J< ) 1 (199 atuu; o-J Jul: +i9<_>;=> iJ tSJP ^. L-JuX L_.J bl i 5 Dl;LSJJ o oIz J9 '~~~~~~~1982 j i_sya iJI 1 > J ~~~~ j 1998 19 "11 Z1 .J U 51 -i jS JI Aj!4SIi,zl ~>iiJ2y jil9U =C iX Jl 19 ! . Ji1 J1 y l, K p2 (1999 % j -1999 LLiJ -1998 ~~~~~~~~~9J9 A5 o .9JI 1 4A. - ,o uj J JUAl 4,' 20_)* Ul;. ~ ~U~ 193 X1sl 11Jl l ! oJll=J2i- 4 sX1 R ..) ,yZ '-L-jij oJLS:' J-O J I L- LJ I L," J;t >u l e.4 AzaJ (z;S j3 J- j4i .rYI bL.i 03 Ji~~i~ ~, WW ~ ~iu, , aj - o>J21 J;)l; a G58 1l y j - 11 a- .Lh L@.,9I oSS1 tcS !(1997 LiC~ I C - C,~A c ,, 1 4A$)Ij +1L Sc Ol Je-I ji - jiJv2JI9 4uJ,>A-f- s 9j.4> 1 2>~ J1 J L,l -~~~4UL JI.,sl 3S zv LJ~ xiJ -2r1 iLliyl~~~ j>y ,,iiJ i. >L 3,,1 . 1 i j4plCey L3 Lel- <) >! js9 J-+' l * iL- 1 ,L /~ L) , "s2 L >- JI - e ,$j ' J :. , F1_ nl Ck sL XDJI ,li L;JId L) -)lp -iJA ': Cyl -- ij "L.J L-c~ jS1 ;ju1 Xc- 9 La 194 L~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~iJ ~ ~ ~ ~ . dz U! 91 Uy -- 2000 M A.A.yl ,198 S j,JAJi * ,LSJl ; _) ., ,i S ll L ' 31 2 1I jl U L~,<195 J 1 > Wi O~~~1! -:A_,J L, ~L_,-J!-U Ji Szl 2000Ly L4 -+t-- H.X1989 j _-y ,y Jy o 35.1 FS j <5Lp G2 s ili itYl ,1yS.(1992 JjUj; -bA '1974 : w auy ;F S Si,< 9Y ' J e:~~~~jyj jF Uy At-,- as,H3 8 FSiH . j+aAJI U1 O%9 Jj-u G~~~~~~~~- J.- zi ii4 irlo5J ,L- sj J t-~~~~~1 ,e 6-L > ;l lJI -,A il LiljF (BRIDGE 1994 .(1983 1 ,>1J LJS,zsHIAJ ;-v> ,5,) i, a- i J v, Jj u 3 9 JL, FJl Lvgl 4cJ ii- zl sLcZfl Jll i .(1997 j~~! 5J C I 11 bsS J DLYSIJ f ti 11 -11 og:21 45J y 1 ~~.(1993 )ju.cr) s.1~~~~~ JU' l Ll-d A i l L 1 I^Jb E :INL JS ,< L_,L;~ JU]Al Ji-5, . sl jI J; 4 sS1 S : 'S1 vJ>yl ; us La, -2i L .(198 jJslj e) t'197IuiS$ a!JilL j 91 J.W~ j }F } 1 9LJI cfr yl a-2~~ , j .j 1999 eYI '1990 .(1995 j9J` jiAft.11 e~3 -4 JI ii jj1 d l 9,JjFouiaoL-~ ;;1 Jj o i ,, J-8+ 5791 EDNSSSEES 678 452 546 416 440 356 1399 377 375 411 413 U&ul 367 * u=u}wsx BEE l 470 lsli 4101 EEEWEgE S7gN 430 u~~y ~388 - 'E: 429 ult1 441 440 345 377 uIrjl 443 443 393 438 8Af 1 430 * EEREX EEE=ER 429 S@X:l ~458* ZE E;S:SEr 449 X j8v -!S\1 ~412 ~ErEr Ef445 rle-r a> )GY}sI 428 453 800 600 400 200 0 200 400 600 800 1 jr2z ,99 j,JI W3 _W1 .4, L,. I L., 199 ai L.-k :'J ,Ia>l 5 29 LL_ cl JB coS - ,,:2s - , 1 G j 1 -, < -6 oy,+) b8l L5J9j t 9 1 sy Jy -je 91 X1 .(2000 Yljs ; ;a-2Sj (.i 1999 qA '1999 4- L-f I ai L ju a -l l W y K A I ) -J>l 9J j G J9 Ulx 'd0 5K J8 200 - L91 4,L.Al H- S QS Ja- JL.J jU5 if- 4s pCJ 43s) J J L- JiD (ra =2 .byl +, UL1 A,Z1!i JM , f l sji lbUA

L 42I -I f iW H S t5 v2 J19 j g; .-, 5ujtoE >~~~~~~~k JI oI v lg i!J ,l J 3+ 201 j y 91 - t 1 tS ,S1 o i ji z -l &*s > ox Cjyl9, ,)19 rj{ J U os s LUzI 2 yl 9Iy JUJJC 9-s DuUi JSW og2U AW J fi .(199 ~ rLJUI ~J ij ~JUyL JWjJ e54i) 5y l J M Ji~ i 4i a> U1 c1 L. ; j,~~~j ~ 6 j i,kI,i,S W,_J ..,yiS1 Ij3i ;.(1998 ,p$) oJiJ > )1 Ir J; * S! oiS' Ji J,'l l S J1Jul 4-j 22 ji juI pp>) '~~~1997 _t >8- ;Ijbj 't+)kL!9 J-6 L5jr ;J!;1 ubJWHL l jj -L-J , -,J(1999 -6 -I -L, L) 1 lRy LiL'U > S j! w . - jifih 191 ,-s ,5^; 'LJ 4 JaJ J ; ,Ii lJIJ -(1998 ,L Jy l, z 5;-_J-I aJ;:I - ,jJ4 IAy 202 U @1s~i ~ ~-~~j d A '<-c y& t58'1 9 , 98Cly i;L -J)l ,1 j LTL L- .(2000 jl)j '1988 1)j) W1 j tJJU Z--A 6 JUl M alWl~ ~ ~ ~~. _Ydl -,4 I O I E L.,j L4 j .Al !,L4; ri5x f '~(1997) i>8J;Jrf ,fjf!-z, -x .,5; Ly l , , y .(1997) JJI~~ < el iS$ _ l 5L+ -! - ).-i S203 - t -1! >fiil ,@1 <;A Az,-u ;L_;51J4 ZJ-l *,J j L$jl J19 Zl, i jo L- Si f .(1995 n JoPeb t l z .(1997 j;t4_) Z4~Jiij1 J i:1 tlv- 4 r 203 sJ t y l i O ))J I . O f rW t -LS l I 9 O I A I ? D J gl jN j Jll \1O 44, YUA j JI, 4}.; >1 iI L U4;8 OJ I 2- a JS J yl LUS J L:. Z ID>JJJ:- ID WX F~~~A G1997 JI. ji ve i O ui -J8SJI,L =;L 45 - L11 PI>I~~~~jJI FJI" USU ,Jj L --J 1f} -Gj .!(1997 J; J-J k J 1,,JI J I 4 S B-ou ju4S11 jy jL Z6 Loy i>jJ ,5JI JIi Z; Jl g -4 OLIXJJI * (S.Y Ji JIL U.) Ji jl Lj' J fl jr i e OUl=! zL.L.JI -LJIJ1 S 1204 J;J H 4S >~~~~~~~JA Y-- >JJ GGI ku,, >. L> t|~~~~~~~~~~jvJ ,,- y l f ai- ja; S1S (1988 tJS) 204 1983 ;x)i1981 . A ))Th1974 j:W kAI U - -,1997 -'---'-1993 AL )L4JJJ 1986 )L:sLSi w)J .(L_& RS J bkp LI 7 j.;P I:) 9J o -X4. 4 <5~~~~~L Le LLJ < yll;-iC9(J L5LP~~~~~0 ;5JI W1J95 5r i ''>4! ryl s gS L;S W#!.(1986,1983 5 :99i1999 J;): l gl s t-'4,k sl-jI @ ajU~~~~~~~~~~~~L iL. , J .j s= :lD1S , .(1995 Jj.f i_l 1999,-l j) i,.~l2 jY lJ S-~~~L Y L.= I L.4 o-al;2 I.1 L1, J- i -, aS1ljy sli~~~~~~j L lgi?iylJ < . sfj' ii j9al.< i;l~ J a, JJI a ou1 JqS S$ I 9 z - - y 2L, I _y 4 (6) ;Lk jLl ~~~~~~~J I 5! ,L iL oJ- )1 I:5 suti r, - ,!sJElj kJuiJ j 991 - 5 - - 21 buyl ' s I A Hl! ttI1U l L j kji 4-J IL-.Jl j ~ ~ ~ ~ .J jl,S kA5L ajai~ _) 4 L)> (7) - 91997 1 1997 ,J v ,i 5l .iC20 lj-d L5LC L-.J Jl iJL) ;JI2- g ! L--i z9 l^t -,.JI y 3 iS L) ju;l LL, rj 206 -.e 7 i - J l o9lwJiJ ll --L3 Jj~ j) J iIL .(1990,1997 *921~~ ~~ S c9Li Jt jl UaW X111 ~~~2 4 -s -.u- t v; 4 Jls ya1,, cA~ >s )fW -12I .i 4 s 4 ru'x ia ci 9. j+- jx 1 ci,91 o1j4 zlJ uJL12 A(s JK9 orY JU- JS SISC .-- )j Jio J5 > 3 Ui , is JbU1 JLj 'a 1 1 ,jl j 1 4 4 1 w 1J D)kI i 3 L 2 j,'Ji U' Lj,L JIWI -, J A5.(1998 o '1998 ) 1 ogjl jui L5, 0 JJJ18 sL odi 4<~ jI5 ,iJL < ; j 1j 4j (14 J- JHLws u' ,t j.J ju jl ;-)l,# L'l 2- 40 L6iEly jI.Sl uiy,L 207 12- 39# 31l1 3yji RlfiS 31J1 31i1 - y 't; U1 j21 OGl )j51 Us UWt 0.40 0.23 0.39 0.19 0.43 0.18 a 7,Jj ju.;' 0.02 0.22 0.09 0.20 0.14 0.15 i-.-$JI 0.79 0.29 0.03- 0.08- 0.61 0.07 t_l 1t.,.JI 0.23 0.07 0.12 0.24 0.47 0.30 -du ZUjl jJi uS 14.19 2.98- 14.19 2.98 14.19 2.98- (T) , Ji 31 jI J;S 11.63 4.92- 11.63 4.92- 11.63 4.92- () ,i :J$ LJ J-J6 1.16- 0.84 0.74- 0.40 0.91- 4.25 jJ-i , 0.50 0.74- 0.79 0.54 0.35- 0.74- zju-I l .wHi - -. 10 { y#1' U . ZjL C)y :sS AU ..j-l _ki4 z -9 -S LS )J 91 3 ! j 'd u.1~ j\,-)l c ((1998) j JJ L51s- U: :,20I 8 --1'l jj 3| 91 oL,Yl a S si S 9 Y ;,LtIj J-Li j ZJ 91O;X1.(I)UL 1S 9 _II)iJ;-;lly,.L >1_s jjyitf ,, 208 wA J re S :191 ,- , ~.(1908 c G998 41 ,, vS Ywj(1998,)oy 1 181y S j 419 )1t-G! .(1997 J 4Jl) 5 4,l L jLi +j .(1999 OJ~0) Wjazlij,yU H ili 46 jj, 'LSi1 gU y 10 M j L-yw JA9 ;L1Jl y: .He & 3191 ;X1 a t!ji jil j-: ,e a 1X s; 9 j4- J\, -At 35 i ; 1 i S (12) (1999 Wut),, Y>U JI 9 Ia,) li "U aA ;I\> <'LIJl,;L < .(1995 4,T 5J1G996 6 iy j S , Yt i A 20 }fi 9JjJI ! .(1983 A1986 j< ;1 jilt> YJI J1 209 0U;.Lh }JL- dz J L, _ Y 0.(9jc~ I- 3L~ 4~WI ~ U yl~ ~~ >> ;jk > S 3 c*-- ( ' > j- jJ uLJi I UL ~,J AJ j.u _ o, i -j 0j j 4JL \1, -JIIJ !L cS S oJ9w JjU AS )L< 210 t!i ifE Si a , z oS 4;1 Lz L i 5 zYs t ;-S ,b -sLJ, j,,l A o j~~~~ L -,_l j1 -0jL1 .:A,91 o ,,ySi OAA ~ 9<1 vo 41 928 OG GoJ Y,9 *99 Jj. i L--J I j ~~ f JoY - (1994 ~- Lra Jo'U - I YWJl a j~L- .(1993 jU.Lr,) J~~2 JL1 4l i oL. a1 ,kJ, . -,L 211 4 -J : 1 4 ) S US JI 1 -1 1 L~ L-l l- ~ lell 4J+1 .(1997 s i- I '1989 t l Qy ~.(1999 jiAg 8 ;~~~~~L - y i 1 -16 O js!', - A;1j JL4Y ju * ~JSl Ouil~ SL.l9'Lf, Li J s-u- .(1987 4 W ~ ZAs, Li J }Q .99 <~~~~~~~~~~~~L ZL,J 4 l 1 C-- Jl zjll!y - a ;;El af."- J-L J2l --.iL, jF >j aL" ji ,;jl L3 iy J~~~~~~~S aX _ u iJb i ? 212 JJijj, j-ZL, L- LJl ji G ;L)- . Jli JL-,l I Ju- i l . (1 997 Ai0~;41989 3 pi,N_S, i li. Jleyl + S OA S >+l ;9 SLa W D! .t>, (1995 212 Lii o fr fi~y Wi -LI 1 *AA j 1 I >l 4j ! oiSj L j v a > Jill sIjl vH --jl (2-;4 jj- 45-g ;jAl- 1Lb) jf } a A 4! WY X ! 2p 90 ', N . 4 .29 XD-A0(1990 ! ,* .(1987 i ) 213 .J1, 11 JL j yu o9 .i L H)~~:-L -di -LS'!9 s 1Jie9 + I JL :1 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ < .(14)( -_< 8 X;4 Y -5yl J j,- ( (1998 J. *1993 J y, 5-,i ,, WK 4s urL- 5 214~j j,-LY - ,1 ULA i J _>El J4 ji ZL! .(1998 , lJ . > jlJ olU 5,41 Jui,ll ,- C,!: yl ,L<, .:,jj L-- %191~~~15 J-li -j-du : ,X Ljl jLru, _S Lil -.iL_-J ,_yl ,- Lif >3.(I1996 j9w)La 41994 -GY 3 *4>J<\ 3 SLY j<:I esL; 42 fi 21L14 J-;L L- aL:ULJ L5; 214 8 1990 7 jl 28 1992 31 l 20J WJ- & li 21 - 5 vD * 7 jg yt-blS , 9L~t 28 -1 y D 1999 95~~~~u 1996 ef S 3 UaU L 4., I.1 I 1) Z-,e, j._1i:Jj lil jo isl2ii 2ul99 Sas ji ~(-0. 017, 0.009) (-0.020 .,<~~~~~~~~~~~~J 2-4 ,', 215 ,5; <:X1 J>l 1 SjJS 4J ! ,Xl tSb1988 1, JLL. o1 Lii 4 igA)W )L.aif Y,J .-1 o W & .0. 134 )uac,L -as s .L 2 Ij 0. 171 ui_-!1! i_il ,HiSlll2ig1 il ol jJ_P1987 . jJ_ Si; 3 Vl < , LJl, ,! -0.76 , _lbO1^1y .lj!I 0 1987 Jl- J ee,sL2 t5A , -1.07 xs$lY 5i 5 iJIU CLjJil .i7A1 ~i_lJWI 1 +-0.86 .ji9 esl-0.77 , -0.91 , -0.63 Le jL-U i% -JjJlaj ri WI 91 Wi li zl 9 .L9 1 - ..(j--zAJJ L31 J L5-51 1 sj4 ,,- 1.(1996 j. L 1995 S I J 't~~L LS U L- 1 )e X k i -akS?42 1o cU jL--1 U' z. Lbl jL-,-J ;jS1 : ; LA LS .(2-4 JAi i) DL.1 4 e,< 5 4li;1 982 \ MljWID : ~ WK,11 a L J * k , : eJJL zi,J -g!.,I .rJLxlJ AJ , 44 Llj 27 _ o 9Lc .(1999 sW4j , -) UZ Js .(1993 .iL5 48 iI,-1l y-JY 4JI L~ J,S1 ,3Al=-_l P-J- l, ,J 1992 J~~~~~~9K AJ11 J1 Z'LL< 223 L_jS JLi Ayl 33 s L,-11 JI J-L clXi \lj 1 L,-JI -_l ^uI jL- 5 3-4 3_,wl u 217 Z- 42,jW1 ZLO I)t 1992 cWJ j L-i +1 I ~~~9 12 aS AL lrz1- x zyS 1.w X8Y >- A 5 Z mui, I-di , Ii Z-! .rJI Jt) ljj y ak L JIl lcSL *s(1999 L&5) -U-rjl 9 L5LI;1 ~-L- - J& ,9 XGj t (I5)~ 1x 1Js L-l -JI, Wi j j - jl-,JI - IJI i W Aj - -I --0 eLd Jl j)i IAS.(2000 --LI S _ ?:18 JL,JL- IJ L--: .s u 1 L-J- A OSA~~~~~~18!T,1 } 111 A ,X : 51oiIS ,J s& GJu-ll Cu1 9 JJI. aky) U1S1 ey-J JI J 1 925L 4jl.I A j3: ; 1J5 -Sbyl z ~5 ov sJ *(1998 J \JI $ 1 -3dI 7-; - jL5, ILIJ-) L) (19 (2-4 JKI) J- J JAl ,9 91 4j <, f >,, S ( )a2-4lii) 1 :2- 6JQl jy! jl9 l .,p j_ a-J ;O+y 1j - 4ja j , 5 4 3 2 0 (1) (2) .L:L-j- Lz+Yt !. (2) i-L-l zbs L )i , 1oJr, l .oAjWJ oJL J2t Si Xy 4,? 31 1 .(2000) yA, i Lua! 'S! '} '! qI996) 0!i !i 1 (1) :11dJLY! '2000) Jj qt9 ;,'2000) &}, ;j i, (2000) .(2000) , 4iLf (2) 2X ti3, '(1988) 3,,, ,4 220 l~~~ J t lo X j - J~ -~ 2 - JI 9 : i L- L ,2y I 2-' U 5.l 1 i,- j LLZ -0.) ,99 4 F{J-_P!_(-A-YI Xa-- L5,U; l JAy1 1 \i) _rllJ4 16-8 H, .(2000 LJ S'9 +lLO Ju zA~~L- u*/jio , +-; S ;1< >X1 f~~~~-7>- :~,zy :v 11 s1 S j iLSL L i L j -21 44_, 2;El ,,191 ?22- 1 v ano DY\ ;,}si ~ ~ L%W b 5 j 90 Ju 70 , L J'- -s>4-U ;DS1 'H) 199 yLL-~) J ;L -L i L > Le1 L % ..z- -di .(1998 aj (~L L1 1 31 4UW Sy - . ,1 ~~~>1 ~ 51 i ,ci iyl S 1,X1 91 6 ~~~90 170 _$~~~~~~~ Yo 5tp RR2G9i,Xj ,VS8A .(1995 Q4D 84 j-~i ;! Y.(1999 _O) EfJy.i,9 A .- ,s L-s ~ ~ ~ ~ Ga !0 G1996 ,4 U1 <11 <5k S- ,fJI s 2(1998 2)j i~ iJll1 J3 i b LI 1 ,- 1 i.I Z,J - ) i S- .(1998 J0 k 1L -ZP iSl UJlll -:3 --i 11 j W Lffi Si j .(1998 '1J< c e l<-.:4 SrsS,11i jLe _ikrfi A 195 );41) 4- .dl j 4 JX - jl,J Lq jWlD L 45,yl~~~L5-i; _4j EiL i>9; 1 i - yJ Ip n_zi a 222 5 , ,J_d1 j !; jA! e9Yc1y -! (1995 jj) o jF , ,<1 ,z1 1,.4, ,,>, lil i, ,-Jt i -, .sj Ja jgtal ;L2J1 gi Ju, .(1991 1) J 9lso90 )u9y -LZ (S< L i jLt JHl;8tl ).l>1 tFj a~~~~~~~~~~~J-l I I jIa1 Jo*lIIY l Jt!ot L1WI Ott~~~~~~~~~~~L L-;9 ? 9I a S., , Lj g _., ;1 11 1 + ~jl-Jl 1j l ,3J- jiu -_ -ij~ itsUtl .(4-4 sjj-I) L at 1 223 4A .U j aoiAl z A J a " 4-4 ajawi JAtI 3,3 1 1 M1 K l,j S JJ; La~ J Oy, ;11 . t X i iy> (Tontiniers) <( tib;: w>; 0.73 i5J Zj ll ljl- 2.5 ig,p -) 0.A 2 5P L- ;A 1994 ~~~~ bcJ g&1 'JLj)i + .g1 - W _ ,r> ~9 ~ ~ ~Z)~W~ j . (1994~ - 3,3 ~ ~ .i ,.2A U sI JU. ji e: J b ~9 .j s^l i e ws Ju-i j, z z LU i ,,XJi gi jI Ji *Cr li jjicl ; U ( yi 3 * l *$U J -Y L5L_ LrJ 3,j,3 JL; L5 ,i_, cn LX z1, : 22 ,<>~~~~~0~ 21; e ejsjw,t A 4-4 .(1997i 194osj*J); ve, ,+ vL- 4 JI+S us_> M, l >S s224 P . zAL.A OU 1 S o1 v - r4tJ AS j 9~iy 41;NJIJ ovU 4s~< 1;.i .Ap a1W C - J k -Jl,o S9L J 1 91 J f j JeJ 9 -;L1 Cui > tl 4> ry AC; # - J}J~- L Jl +) I s! .,1 91 ,225jLJxe 11 -! J>E JXJ 22,5 IAs 1KA eL >1-A J4 aS1- Q, Ug J3L .C 9 .(1995 j) w i 1 L 1 JL1 -I b S S ;\yl o4l , 1)1 r1, l S1 ; s~L; ; ;k J9l L L. ~ - LyW 4.i 9194I J- M U 4AjSJI JJll U-- LWJ1j1 J zA S tJa J -JU u iu ,JI! Lj , l bJU, jzluI ,226 4zpIJIl Ji a- 1 i: .. I-K)I SCWS_)-iu lj~ vl~ UL,Js~~~ ~ ~~~~~ .:>1, .Jl R,3<:Xpl 1_ Jj-) L5L XJjJMIl; , :AJY 40cS Hy ~~~~l;4C8J0 L) :L-, 1 9,1P J 9 I)(0z- yii<,!tl , ,:l ,<1 oOJi Y ,414,b,AP S1H! JLXH v biE3XUzi *s J,,3Jljl 226Ll i_,yUI AojlAA a iLA3 AtiU 1 ,4_y. L)j .(1995 i '1992 l v, - WKA &1,31 &,JY;A6 tllS,j , 4sX fL i f >s i5? L,1Coy " " 22i i! -J i 4 sl 4 L. . -1 3j JJi 21 z ,U9 Xl .,nI 4J%Al J~~ o1 J W 1 -A .Gsl,l i LLJsl , 3 L..S95 1 J -gjj ~~~~J' icl j t;- rUyl (fX u9I9iLr vgtN; L I 4 ;44JK~KY4J! Jf:JJjC y, Ij 1Jj I cL~~~$Jl~~~ ~~ ~~LJJ Lj "-JU (a9F oL.U) LoL.X;i -;19 1 4 jJl 3A 1 U ,ojL-)l J- U.iX v i Jy S ,21 DIJYl Jlj ni; .4L~Ju -j i5 Jj D1 A (JL) oil A J 26 JLC- uL1l sy p- j i K1} I j .(1998 jj_) o, _ Q L)227 L9,6L-l j .;Gi.)1 o L-j Z--J 91 J 9 ! 6 o) s.400 -9 ;1 4 . 984 , , - - ,J I - , I d I - JU-- S 1 j . L.L cA 91 > 91~ -i1 *Si LIjs- 1J1W ' - ;S-y ySU J -r jl ssl ;L1j oti 92 .( 664 J 125 - J 5 j L4A1 JL.s&J ) c~ ~i-L i JL L,JI 4jl3 4 SJy) y3 yJ C)9 J yL~ ~JJ J610 11 9 ,r, - JL C; - _ 984 .; 2 QiJXIJsJIJl "i yIil Ij~ 228 *(1996 ,j)Gy Ii5 28-5 L-5 -LJLA :sl;Ji -7 Ylj 41w!vl:p 2L 4,JI 9UI W3j (1994 9C3 t4R5 i ,sY! 'oJv 1988 - >X ,LJJ J, i uc_ "L-JI J.-. , L-Su ;s J _ U 3 ll JaE; 4b i A , .(1999 s? 1'-- p,1 .j-, L,.Jl C-L,- Jtt E.:,LS9l L. D i; J oI, Jl 228 4&W 61 mi^5lq AMi -1l 34 jptj 800 600 400 200 0 * . A 400 - * oi_ 30 o - 2 -, .(I 996) .i.:,-L1i 0L~~~~U~ jl L.5 - R - op ji ;-,, fi J 1ij Ji )j . ow IJ zlj L) OiL- M S l ! Lyj -i i .(1994 4 ;z9Y (j;i.L) 4,1i s9I;viJii 229 s--j 4-1-8 t>a j 3 t; tj -y i .X 2 j L)~~~~~L iLW Ur ouSJ cA6Wl ! e,1 oz - Aj LjJ s-j4yV a A~~ iS A l ayi ,9 ,yl .zyu ,, J41~ j J- . ) .19188 1 u9,y (sL 9U J ;u J. 1 1 230 '?~'~+% 'KKI d\ ! J Ui yl-4 JG - yl LJ ). 1 - -(1999 Cif id (199 ) 1 .m, , -' & A1 xJs o , ,- ,,J )J L -4 j .1 ,j J j U - t a~ Ji s .J-, j .(;1,1l~~ < y JtJ 1 5 5 1o LP ;L ~j-dlJ 4 J-, '(1981 1999) 2Y1! (1995) J)yL- a1 )6' -3 jL iAl ,zy J_s~ 2,96 (1993) L ,A )jtI Aal _J 4b , ,LI J4L- ;1-l A (,L -4 ;i~U ZUi j ~ i i J1U .(199 1992 L+ ' 1992 -7" C,> 8 J',- - , 500 JL },1 ..Ul Jj-1JI j _pSl oj-JI ,J .(1995 79-l 1977 lvA l J I J iL J JL; ZL 4 -, K - i231 j 4l ;-j L J (1981 L 1974) r L! (1956) jj--L_y L _,Ii -5 H9J SLAI JJ .(1986) I< .(1986) ,r,; 594 J~~~l j j~JW -J l -J. JI.SI ~ JL-.4L,, lJ !,U1 -6 *(1999) 9 t > J 4 jll All W!LL11911 C, OS1977 J J , ;-7 Jj, Lsz aAL8 3 -i w 1500 Lj1 J is:; , JiJ KliJI i Si1979-1977 _Hj;JI ~j>!r 231 .(1997 ,~ ,1 1997 ", eu, Jyja 91t 1tsl J1 S;JL -10 J_x~ .(2000) U1z i(1999) n,- (1999) ,> sJjgy .(1999) 6!X L-J 4,i o As J ;z5t>! ; rzG Lza .;Ls sS 9i ::y Xl J ojw j 19 i(1997) ;L,! ,AcUl ,, i. 8 aLs\,XI 9- zi (1999) l1 a25 cvy , o+sI +- -ii c l < 1,~ z- -13 Wi LLi yHi u 391 L%J1i ; 1 i - j --T K.L3 -1 .(1999 +4> L5 C. J J.(00) Y~9%,e4 "- gI " 21, 1L -J:16W W1 GlP . 968 i-~ Ji ~ 0 1999- (1994) a1>80 2n s, ,, , -13 (1999) ~ ~ ,+=Y J1 198 J~~~~~~ J, -18.kjA lL 1,y,! L 9 JbyJl i- 9 -1 ,y t 1 (1993) ,(200 i(2000) Y,>5j, j L;1980) '( jj988)1 -19 ,l l"K4 1(99) 9j,j> 3-_5 .(2000) 'j E ,Uii!6 Jj-L 0 se Z4y 50 -20j A 'S .(200 t !Jt~ U-I zk, ) I j.20)X,!; ! 233 I tI -Olv ,i .It Q -,Up, 4La1l' I *JI 1 -I 1 ~~~~~~5 o1 O a 2 y l --0 01 Ii0 1G I zF-- ji .(~ 2000 X;jJ1' 41L1i }-W 9JJ Jj .:.1 fiii ;11J A ~~~j ~~~~~ y~~~~~ L~ 'i ZIf y~ t ,ii! t, A JX >1J-. 1 WI j , C~-l ,c& J_jIl J >L-S , l - J-s' -' 2378 4J, GaJ;ll J>sl ;iz Z 4y J, j~ 41- 41-- 472Lrilj 3 A , lL s> 3j: -'y~~~~~.,a 237 ,:51 ~ ~~~~.~J ,J, S ,14L,S S? 1 )l,l P,il 1. I91 , J U4, L2U J.p 2j WU 4,>iyl 1 rCJ as olJlll -4 ji.) j 91 -_ e6) oyl 491 >1 2D > 4;l 'j L l 3L _JJ LA p9y L1 z o 4I jl; (-z ji238 ov1 (D LB! sz;SilJLIX l 9 J g iE1W lJl J4 ,-l; O 2 y g 238I" . " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4J 9,) ,2 as 1 --)L 6ot t -,y if~~~~~~~~~~~ JLI I 4J L p o 'LL8 3oJl li? _ JI~ ~ ~ jLl Jl>c- Xl AII~, Lj 2 0 jaiWy>ly J11L3- aii _l Z C - I :>L l a3Hi J- IJ,-) L4 i_! JI J,JE i:APL L_t-- ifL-iJ, -d1 rj -,d '~~~~; 1 ~ c-LlIj oll.t t1 < J4L C(2000 ,2l Lc J ;i pi J otcl .b . 2;jl,~ -Jl a b yJc 3-11 jo.JJI JLl <-LU l JJlt 239 9W~ 9,i 4U>Yt J9A dUl J 419X -L 9i12 > i,- i2 -;Js 9 9 okb C tj, 23 r o k A .(1-5 j ) p- ~-~'-) * ' 5000 M - , .i J Ul J- y i w3 49' ,LItf~~~~~~~~~~Ji f> l JJ 4z2JoW c i1995 43 * X a l o+I obJ.Al- oj. iJL J-LiJI 1995e5 gJ jiA J, j J,jljl s l ~> & 1 5W ' ( z y L, JL)I 41 e-JoI y l jJIlW JI~ #A~ p- ;.S1I sUa'd S1 E; Z1 JIJi ? A!~~~~ jJ 9 C ayl sJ Zs 1 , i N 0. U) ~~~ ~ ~ _4 "L-J )l: aL,$1 ;2,1 -Ly ;,s a5COJI JU 5l;l, YJ!W J- JJ JAJJIJ(A ZS 1 ! ? Lij 4 Y 91 ~~~~~~-J1J W3- JL)1r S !G21i?J!2l jj3J 'O1 Y YI 31 J- CU;,Y- 0 .(2000 S-L 1: eY1) Z4614 OLp jjLa: 240 . - %.- Yl ' A izaiw Xl :15 'WIl 9jlf 700 600 500 I 400 300 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 500 soo 400 300 U U a 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 *JLE,k61~ .(,1999) 1j-dl ia,1 ,L (1995) aWYs ;oL rE z 9sL 241 L o-JI A z LS- J-> ; ;),,.I .) 1W LLJIeg>J G ez C11 9 43taji S.PvLAAJoxbJI oGajb 5a LA~J1 ~~i1l f Ul j 1y La t yL--2l J A J ,i 4, -il 4U1d 4a L J ig s ! A'i -4L: ~~~~-> ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -j -L--ja JA! 4 . dL. 1 ,}! > Ul UJ l j A1 J. 4L E 1 L-j~~~~~~ 4o>lJ j s +! JJ ti! .s @2y 4 2 242 I' iDi;L1 1W, D1 I Ij,-U JL-)l .(1970 Zs) JI L--. I u :&S j L - I j II : l (ji ,L- O u 90 Jy - j- yl D-9J~~~JI 7U yl - *(1999 l:UIS) ^A41 ; i o iDLj! ii,jfll i,zu1 S J+J1 o-u L -, *I'-J')l z~ >l e ~ J19974 1992 i i J J D 1 1 J y ,,j T L S-J as L :1 - 2I 5.Z 1 - JI eL-J L+-J1 J, s -z l ji i .i ,+u JuL 4 243 J~~,- ~ -JQ ,s LWy ,2 11 > JL.S,l aA z4 s D .(1999 p A '999 i9OX 1 l si G ouAz -ys zi gJzi + .:.A L 'a o 0-. I 4 .(2000 t 91-5 d1 J pij J ; 9 jJ, 1 W39 1 !2 Jj ?OCIie1000 . ; i 4Ai :29J ,3!.1998-1988 Wo;e J -kjl,.Jl J 30! SlW 15 1 i- J 6 < 4 36 j22 jUj L !S s 94t1s; -)ap L W3 olo loSe 1;oAl SSJ <: (1998 jJ Js L1 U1 Li x Ci) - v ;4 t1e '1930 6Ul L }lyA j.-% -_ 60 e _, aj 4_ 55 j_ oA 4i.I sl J JLJXl Z_: .(1997 Z-j) cL- .1990 aL- :UdU 39.4 311970 Lc ZidU 52.7 3j 1940 `u; a-4 61.4 Ds i^ jk 9- 64-55 gJ;)l u ~L C)S i aL l JL J6 ~~~~~~~~~J-)l J L: 3, stt, ' Il > 2 jy s r J}! itui ii, sl -e 65yf J, J i~5 . 57 jl- J- SIL JL -i oilntil J a JQ 1994 ~j-Ul U-1 iJj 4A.s-jYE sjjuI j. >3 oisl i 64-55 - ;ei lJ1 <>iJI JLril e I>J i 65 9U i . i j 64-55 ; .LJI i J l l )i 245 -;"I olLiL :tIt1 1-5 3_,0w jjyy Oj .9J <11 j 1 S 1 1993 j5 L S,j 1989 cLa; L W jS 1984 cj L, ,$_, + sj J ;1 o1a - U .(2000 t.1 .i .(2000 t_91 9) 3J 3; 9 ,1 ; L53 I I - ,j Jt LZAP,cJl L- e3iruJI Clli sLI F Jl .1993, 1984,r , j> Zduae tylJsl 50 ji J jyl ,LJI j a.iZL 6, ' 2- ojll 37-35 , L- a asA1 si+- w ~~ji , .(2000 y l1 , \Ju_-J JL- :, 1 -Lg (2000 1ijb 919 Cdlt)UU j.-1 L, -Jf-W J TID 1 (1993 )41 ol ,LJX JL - )< 3 jS5 L.53JI ofi\ts%?sble 246 .isiw i;esisl;S8l.il ":L2_5 fiQsL 100 64-55 _ 100 64-55 60 80 60 60 40 40-- 20 20 . 0 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 toU1 65t JJ faj j 4u 65 80 ~~~~~~~~80 60 60 40 ~~~~~~40 '-"- 20- O. .. '*- . .......... i. ..... 0 ~~~~~~~~~0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 t j,,,,i ~~~~~~~~...1.f..... J-J9I L-4-t .1*----'L1 247:s toy9o12000 (2000) i2Jj-dl J-JI l : 1 247 )yl > 6 ; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J Is& l <11 ? i LS1 uJii ,li ,,il NJI (1997 j4 6997 .Jl- Jl) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Z 1 tI:I - JL v<- 9 1 2X JJ, ~~1, 15 j_5 -u L1, ,3 JvA6 Ll a_)~~~~~~~- I2J --J 3e4bS1 1ojDi1 DE M ~~~~~~)~ jl-tl L,. jl SL1 - 65 j 55 LTr L 9 9a at4 .(2) (1997 &J3Jla)L'1 3 1Y ij1 6 -J9i L S- j- "LiS < ,, L :JJ) i jS u! Sii 9 o1 , M~~~'.y 991c j < Y 2~~~_J ;3 r gL 4S Ja.l, ssl0JuI L3 Lri -" G < - I , ,1! 5, Sc.S >1uZi c,k1L .:A- uLl 249 -t*J1 j1 3L .eL M5, L) o 1 9 J M >l js1 :,lz ,1jt.!A Jj L >s L ,11 ,"jut -, ,11 Ju jzyl j Ll .-il j , , SlLU - iJ j , L) ~ ~ .20 ;-9p LLSiS9 -j ~ oI).-f -Lc J9J LLc J SI- I 5 Z,JI t:P- J 6 3j ~ e s>1 c(1985 ,YI J'18 s f yyl 2 ~~~~~~~. 199 21998 J - ,!,E - 21+ 250i16J oJ i -u1 2L&- ,J- . JU.l JL,) , -4 ; 4, i_,;X1sizi ! .1 ,;aF Jj L) iip9 i LA A1 9LJ u W i j1 ,1 4.M t -t j L. J.- LJyJ ull - c3 vLS 91 W IJ2 e51JiLI 3!~L ,,u~k c1 s+ a1, JLtA) Jti JL.iJ 2I 3 4s G> 91 ,x. *ci9^N ji- L Usl S I~J~ -j- ;1 tz,>t j\S ll t2. - yU J J1 j i K : ,'1 vdI I~~~~~~~~.19 Jull L AlJW2 jL----j,D Iudl jL~j ~ -j.~i ~ W ~ ;)L U> I.A~ iP~Wf 821~~-5 ,LyL -AL .4.N1xj L,1 1 Oy - I - C5,1 JbxL) JJI , J L f .l)P :ji JU _, (,S jlj 5aI1 ii,-Jl Jlmi, --Lj c,9:-JUI 1'+i ji J j _ ;- 3 L) j i LJ) J 5,41 J_IAlZ 4, 9 ilulj j11 oL-, gJ it >yl JYJJI us25 J~~~~~~~~~~~- L IA I- IJ Jb J e1GLZ1,.5- $)4J - - ; Jgjsi JEyl nSJ(Zwil2ii18-20 vuSl +L .(1988 ij g 4J 7 6-5 v ollgJli,eYlU;ll, L- ojJS !vL jy 9- .(1996 1998 z3P 50 gsoisXSJ AvJwjgJ >lw; x> Al5 11~~~~-8 ,lSt L, 20-15 Z-; Z12l L) ;A, a,- ob dl1 w *(1997 -c O)8 y Jil 252 O-Wi 311 C. L d J'U 6i: 1i 1 J- I 5199 L ,5i urc ? Lc Jji J-UI 198J 4 i, US J' L 3 , 1; Lj- 1, tvz s.i .JSJ99 , t5i iJ 8 J S12000 ,.iJI,< ,i t; aiLz 1 a,lt 48-36 u 1997 i;J8! 'Ulj~L-JI -,,S ZX1eL ,4iil 50 z 1996 ; g1 - .51 ,illlyl< lsSJ1, 1988 DSI .oLzxiI < ,fi iAlU 5 jLit. - ,Jl 1-97 -- Jl _9 ,U i I iiI 9 1.02j~H 4 tpJ 0.08,j 1.01 9 , i LZ 7 9UA.J z ,p ; 13-9 ,l.i.8L 1999 i 22,e , 1999 405 ,, i L j' j W 6 . j, , 1-5 J,-' U 253 IL UL4 <,..JiuL 3w;I IS J3, I juK; .lL s W; 1998 j-A (0.36-9 1.10) ,51YI sL5-Il LL 4c; .(0.69j 1.13) 4-5UjI t (0.86i 1.00) 1988 YI Le 4, J '41 JJ S ^EliJa S , L.sL,S; L.sl- - .J1;,NL < i16 1 4 lo S 1996 . 1 WI ;,LII U ..W1.05 ,l, yiui s, W I, JG (2000 1j) JYI 11 6J ;J3.92 >N L 3I! - Z 0.899 O1 i-2 6I xjL-l ZjL<, -L -I oj a-Il Is 1988 J! JL zA -JI jL^--J i JL.- 40.60 SL~ 0.50 ,.,L .0.20-0. 1 8 0.24 , s,1 0.43 Le ,,-a-6 kS > ,? j J,, 1985 -~- >5eS1s+1 90.30,ialU + i;USI a2t J 1 0.50 j 0.28- ,,S~~~~ L-J I 1 -klJ I ' jL J U-Dy S I 1J1 J se u,j - OSS.J21 Z Wij OIGQl '- j;-kd Jj 91 (2000 L5L-S' jFe ;N zL5. 4J -I 3 JIi-C. LJ I%! jl ;1<1 CjeJ Ip) 254 j Ll I ij L1 Ju j yL o r1, l jiJ CzLuJ a-o -+(1988 254 mi~~~~~~~~~ rE _ t. K. %K VX fL f - W U> tJ A4LJ JJWi M tAULI O;JI j -0 Z , \ 11jli 1 993 j1987 olJ jA_,E Yl ylj .L-1 UA jW 0Ji .(2000 i-> oJ W I J ALW s- ..lJu a,1j 2 - *>j~ o+JIa3' -:.! *(1999 j y 3t - )JSL '1993 4) j jg u U }zuJWI 2o% ee9l JS 16 ; \JI g- <5UU 1 . >1 (6) ay ; 1 pl ;256 yl J -S1 si J 1 J,6 ULJ1,1d e5X u a; s J, 6, .(7)( 2000 O>) < Xi: ~~-Ul ~ ' HjCy C d 19 256 ALJI MS g :1 S oAbUY I M 1 _r1 J21 L- % s1 C L I 21 -- 1 5 1 .i I -! I X-- y- aI -si 5 jy~~~~~~- *~J~A ..-jl -.L L WS ~AJ I ji o-s.JI 4 -Jl L3 199 ' - () j 93-5 AsJ La--Y~ 1 ,BJ> ,$JI aL jSA JJ-L 2 Js ,j 1, 25I .~~~ ~~~~ Z-.YI -JIDI !J 5lWJ LD 1995 _+iWY ~~~~~~~J,,2Jl UL-k ( JI<2_ )1-LI j l 257 ii ;c2 JjaJI@ li z*J1 i 1,Wi :3-5 1~~ 1995 s~4L&Yl jL-J'D 1995 -,.;Jb 4 L,26 150 1.25 125 0.75 50 25 0.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 1995 ij 4J k 1995 j4s o,6uaL-D 160 1.50 120 1.25 . 80 0.75 40 . 0.50sN 0 0.25 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 0.25 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 3-5 JJ, &A3 258 4 -ii 0 A. 4 . f~-3 _, to :?, b " -1 ~ ~ , *, oR? -l q 3j A-~- 2 1 to n 4 iJ I - ) t ? qj ' ; 9n 3 )q8 Z+ >~~~ ~~~ #. ? -J *~ % ? ~~~~4 - -;Z .- nX - gz (N - - 0 0 t: t1.,,~ -n N. 1 - 4 j -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ON .4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3 ON _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~~~~~k 0N .iJ 31 \ Jy-l 911 ! -+- 3<1>- Jll u-- ~ s- X, t; 4 \ J-bS 'L;J %4U L,,9,J1 jS -5J1 Zj-iL: 9j~c Jj~ j,1 4, ;i L I1-C! :.)L! -3 JF ? . J2! Wi , ,J <- W l Ji J!,s wil;+ . 9- .:_;JI 4J- 2/aj &L JI.J-LI lhw U J1 432i LS *EJI ? SAJLih",ls 1 I (I (-2) Oj t 4 . w9 jjul JM 4;.@ji 5WJ ZS L I j~~~~j ~- -' I- j - IJ,O s;JJll j~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 i (1970) , j; e 4 y f > A iy K IWy<>19~ J19 J j p t * L42-Ja jlj- L) ~7-jji )L 26 j1jL j1 p y 261 1 4JT 11 ;vS1 11! ;ULJI JK,l i; aJ W 1 &r~ j~ ~4 -~ zj~, ktn4 ~ A ~UI-L J~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ j Is e)i )v L561 L-,-L o Sj ,1 Ltyl,ji O > 2L y.wS 9 A ji 1 9 41 J 19 J9}3, (JUA,) sLJ J51 ~L4 i -J-J I 4 ~ -a ; AL-J ,l~ i-S + J i t1SJJY~d' L -Y j J && 6X Gj L, L J _U- 91 i.U~ A 1 21 ? Si OU 3 j , .(2 -5 yj.,- l a4.JL ->Ji < ,Ji , WKX- JU0 ,Cji~ 56S9 k4 1u sS L i J -, f x18J9 , 9i -U7 7 41 j LI- * 1t;Y46 -l _-x ~j'. LA iJJ 2 2 > .1ylJ 4-JI ol ,3L I ,L-,, .(2- 1 jLi263 2~~~~~~~3 - > 1 kxAJ 5rrl:l Zs,XL- il.:--YJI 1S5 i1 a91S- 2 i l 9 i212631 j J~W3 49 i- J c2i 1880 1850 ,jH U o;il) J -' 4 Za2l Jj-& j .(1977 'A3 tj1) 1920Q 1905 H U CIWYI 1 ,> YI! L1 ;I ,! ,u 1 J}1 Z-21 174 Le ? 21-, 15 Jj; _ ,-d@1iI !lj lJI 174 j~~A ~~ ~ is j~~ ~ ~jm .J- i~J j L-w i- jLU .(2000 eLEY C7 os 4tSi H) ol YI j ;SLlasi XJj ,J 21 1^ L4Lt -< l _E-!l fl# 12eSe l;:>t,E J p51 1_-j.) W . 19 J s Xy) 1 s I y4 j 96 ~ El *x;^,- -Jl ,>LuJu4i ., I ;1 . )9 1 j LJ1 .2 -5jc 1r Q Lz2 z-lL 29u ZI WsA ,<5:J a b jlj .J(1995 fDjg) blJtJ <5j9 J VI.LZ<:J.t,> .( 1999 ;3-JJ !, W-) 1998 CL,, iflu 48 j11960 CL,- ,_521 aLeyy jl-U,l 1 -Le iSj L 1 I1 i< au1! :. y LJ - t-Si 9S y 1! ,j'i L ,a'LS- - & -,L i jX -, l , ! lLl -u:l vclyl (1992) <.olj ilu+ 2-5 ajLLall Lu6 264 91 ? 1An 5f s lj JL )l _5 WJI!+~ 491 t-1 L_~~LiL<-il ~ oL ,i~ uall A J 9! Llui oAc sl -i .(1992 - + U41 ; 2 JU a- tg wouillJ JLAi 4J s l - t; ceJu1948 L1 i o$1 a 57 w LW -A J 4 16 1 J S ~~~~~~49i 4UL kl1 Jy 10 y f N -&1975 CWl J i>! *41- 2J-J IILI JCl_ L,> 56U- Liv;4W .(0995 iJJ)Cj J3 J St<,GzJS _L& ai _iJI<,:Ll ls9J 4- 4><;1 NJI o1996 j 1994 Jj~~ J1 uSAJ JyMJ y ElJ rG^ Jij gw2biJ lc K1t F .(1999 i> 1 = I !L fS?1 5Li 4 ;I X-L U 9 . 4;1 96 JK1 9Nl 265,, - LI .3 1 5L D "Yil !,3 jil<:Sjj < j as _P~ A aI >S.11 m28!a l 5bJYL ~~~~~~~~~~l5 I!9 L< j I! 1Xy!aL1Se lL .(3-5 Z_68 49eJ 265 .J~w~>L7 Jz A ~ 3 jU lg l L4 , - J4 4JI JKS 'J,Z JL l J 1990 >11965 it J i.T 1,' 5 4r~ A e G j!AI ?Fr Jj LT . il , 23 O2 i JZ 1960 - .1 , (1993 SJdII =1 4) ASj kYj%- ~Ji- j y~~jt :-, L, L- (S1 T ; Zy~J - y;S Q ciKS WS .! 1 1 1~~~, Lg j, ai)y Htjb XG oly j ; 1990 1 il 18, 1980 CLp Z,4 13 JL 1965 ;- ial 8 U 10 ,y 6 A jS- j .(1996 &. ji: '1993 JJJI ZL>) 53 I 1975 k> 11 JI J2' , sL) 1975 CA Ji I fL WJ L*L - oj>p 1995 CLp 10 J . 2 H oI (CI j 1- ,Y!, .U1 .(1997 ,JI j3 USi- i L- I L; ,26 266 Lwi " jwiGs3-5S. ., aM, - Iw I I, . He G , j 1O>L5L 4iL 4i -i &9-, C 3L Z, 1j i, ? jl5 , 1 -- L11i LS- I L- g C9 as A >J .4o jZ- 4o i j. sS j2 Ij.J 5 ~JU- ~~~~~~~ ,S 2, W~ - 8x U 2._,-J L,|o UU S Jl j I-L, LiL ' U A C- 1 - U 1 :- o 5 j4s _",p(: s I, J S~~~~~~-y 4J+;J DIy -iy i vSj4,; .oii J pi 1 9 oDJ - i LA Z _Jf- -i:'T ,z.L,UJ i j .3 a .. l .u 1 U L 5 , Fji, jL LL?j a4< e -- O. -L-.41 zL4 L,Oj uE :;hLJI _1 ;gJ olj Jb JS aJo JXL-JI ZL-WI 5>l591p aDlj -. .(2000 -'L4J) s JJ 41J51 t l JI ?. ? 267 ,- ,.J1 9 SI :>91 a ;y,I - J J L -" i - jL .(2-5 JJ+1-4-l y3aiLJ a iW.~, , jLsj iL3-26 jI L2 ,i ji * i: JSyl Ji- ' < j 5LP> 39 ~~~~.1970 Jj -L 0.68 J, 0.37 S 19W A; JI~L2I H - ^O>E>I41O& 1 1 OLij)6 -(2-5 4 b31z ,k G268 L. lL L - JL 41 jl~JI ,L1l1 ZL-I. jv "L-.l 1995 >1bWj< . ~Jj.)yl L,4 -3 J.U ,1~ ~ 91 196 J LS Z41 65YI, ;,1;J J v, -i yl ZKt > 0-)c au S Jl ZL-L--JI Ls1 <- u -_U1-J >L 39Xj. ,:17 ul j .2ya) JL ! (- Jl#) S! 8 GuSw 63-2 ej!>U J t_AL 41 ~~~~~~~~~~~- 3 1 J_ 1- Jl>lJ;_l<>-195 <_Xi <>X-^ G,>e J,>y dil 21 03 68 L1S aJl sf6>19 w jj .(1993 ,,196 JL1I -g, 48 1 jDYL ,3LW l E ,J.LS- IS j.;T JJ j S SL G J 4,7$ ~LL ,L--.i l x C 2 Jl ZL-W z -rj I)XJ 3 oA U-- L) (14)Jl D%Djl 69 : .(1996 OJ)1988 4- ll 59 S11968 CALp 48 51 L-di, 42 1988-1984 -0,: ouJllS J9vSl ,N1 sl_ 4 1995 1980 1970 L4 J 37 34 35 J f 40 35 30 1. 41 38 39 ju1 l 40 39 32 YSf K9--M 37 34 31 37 35 33 lWl 39 35 26 46 47 48 -- 1 999) 269 jL - ' 4jwfX >J L..Lj, i -, -4JI zr IJ1 L._Ji : 34.2 61.2 4.7 1970 42.8 56.1 1.2 1980 66.3 33.0 0.7 1990 83.4 16.4 0.2 1997 24.8 10.0 65.3 1970 Y- Ui 31.8 12.4 55.8 1980 31.1 12.5 56.4 1990 39.4 15.4 39.6 1997 57.0 27.9 13.0 1980 6l 62.2 26.8 8.3 1990 67.0 23.3 5.8 1997 35.9 23.1 37.5 1980 48.7 29.5 20.0 1990 23.7 9.9 66.4 1970 UjL 33.0 17.7 49.3 1980 51.8 22.7 25.6 1990 56.0 29.8 14.2 1997 22.0 11.9 62.8 1990 1U 31.2 16.6 50.8 1997 ._e1 SO i at O i, . L 100 , t V y 1999) Lx---li aiA-ii 5i SUt M! i J :L -l L" L 1 t Q270 270 ~~~~~ri t -), * & --' OfL l- .I ,L J4 1 .oIj - Ji --j *UC b. 61~ 1 ic)Si JLtL- jL5 . ~- ji <, -k2 -01 W aS j . S iAL 479 .(1996 JCjY# ) c L Aj}i1 i 1-1 U, 9'li1 -,A y i's s;H1 ULP A+,P . ~~j ~ ~~:Ui -LYj (L) , ~ 9 .3 ;,>Wt! i,tylys sIjSylj G>yl 91 2i S J U. ' UDi ..1997 J 5 1995.4g1 2i Ji) S L5. ifL4 sy jiSuj2 JGJ -y jl L> <:110 ; ;11997 < 1970 ,? ie J :;1z J e9 > J~~~~~~ -t) x+ -yY~ I 11 .AS 9J j 11 4 4+1 ,otjl j !.+ yI,j 9t JL-'LJ Js!CI e 1 H 3 .JX l>l 1 8 e 1970 CSJI Wi 2.1 5> . (1997 271 -M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U 4 1 SGL-J I L-,J'So9 sX S L xl 1.) 1 > ,5 J lellAtJj 5! (1985 as j- :,L 5 4,j U L2JI - c1990 ; UJ X j J j j .A toj 37 4Jut U L Jrl~l 1JUSyl 4Ac _jI Juidi J 5N U.o 5 w%liJi n JjAL .tJI CAi 1986 c JL21 L) j>_I J 'LW 7 L5 sJ >y- 26, jLPL- .(1998 L)jwa 43 p3) j - , JA 1 j Jll JIt li s 1- ,jWl - -I J > L I La I i ' L i,1 LW I CA 3JJI W:) 19~U 3 l Ll j Ji J S -, 19 U JFj 1k -d I,4oi 5A11 o J iL 4j JL~rU iWU 1, ,9 ,3JI CJI pi) JU rjlu UiJ j A 18.2 ! i 18-1998 J; 1995 > 1W1 J> Ly3 . sl5 7.9A ) 8.9 ,1998-1999 r o .iI JU-A -,-yl CAS Us -A du 272 o; J> U L1 JM > oJl9 }^Y :+ J4 1997 - J-L PJ~~- si 4S.-4 iJ-El -'- .(1999 , L.99 jj) J .) J J L-J iLJ- j jLj. iy j a W9f ji Uai J J9 )i J U L., LA 4 .(199 y j 21997 1997 4199 .r 3Al JLA- . *-. ziSL_L ;LJI _4z 9 j 1998 CW1 J 94Wl JL,Xl Z-_- 'vS: l C U~L_z20 J ,_l JI 45 1LWJI 4__ ; a_,j32) U L_t J z 1998 :Lk; Zid 24.9 31 1994 1 s>91 ; +> b? jU 4e_m zZil S!.(1999 j j u9 , .' -d L'iL jLl3 Rl ,L ; .(1999 O,T i lJigl j syl ,3 sl;ll! 4Jl1i y-. >A F4 -'j. 12 LJ 7 jr e :)y) 1998 CL^j, 4 (1999 J16 LL+A sJ -> 13-9 @ iJL) jz ISl L Jg Z-L<~ ijI b j tJ(1999 7 1! ~1997 41998 J:-A, Y ,i i\I Ll) 9 .(' 2000 9 Ls ie Ij , J-a i(9 ;,JI J1 g<, i1 SJ $L;J ? J$ JlS \ C JX -0 9 1 1-J -u-I jj Z < y l .:,L IjJI :,- s - ji 1-l iy >j1 Jx L+, 1 su L1 u AU 1 #w -i ~ ~ -t : .,L ,-)24l - slal_ jj *(1996 3 J8glll)1<-IL 9> - LAju, iLIJ IJI 5L-W l j, 'i Z- JIj I D Ll,5! 274 yl + 'g1 1A1 ir4 31 > S 9 31 1 sE a jL5- t.i L. iJL - i L4 4 i J l JI - J8 Al , jWl U lij L ) , y i oi Yl .U1.1987 S >n1 ll<_a-_i_ P L o6lS25 e jl -G J_ , -u *;uyl - -b ~i 7.,' 19 +- ,k ,LA 9 J< 275 oJLcl sY5-j .(1999 P~-. A1996 ij4 -)) > JLl (1 L)-=J L- ' , l D,g} ;~~~, ,1S L- ,J o 1tw U2~1 , a cu1 r1 Jn su1XL >, lp (1999 JL"-Xg,;55JJ D k-,- ~ -G-Y L -- L5 I ~ jU 4a . LUS ;L i JI Jil L1 >! 4.Jyl -" j Jj L1 I Ujj! .(1988->-5 1J1 I-,Jl eby y + MX1 P j F e12Y Ji4Z1sJJ1-5k l-JI ,i s I - < (1994 Ji ' L 4yl S b. MS i, 91 J iyl okX1~l LL, L-~j .(1995 ~)gytTi ~LLP) a,;sL Xj J-i, 9 2000 jLL y ,1996 Jjl .:., J 1 1L 276 ,;-~ .(1999 ,>!-U~ ULj JL-.-J JL-9l a< gA .1991 Lc- Z-6 8,6 311987 Lc- a- 19 UU ja 5.l .taUyj -3 >3 JJJ i ,!191 L WiH ,JI eSl L3 11 -,J.41>e8L~ ,+JI L3ilO i L1996-1992 iJJ cljp_'li .(1999 *Ji +)S ij <8 r ;\,1 i v ,gl 3 Y,i ,,1 i,2iLb LS, 1,4 J: -,1 ,p,111t sg1 u-J 1990, 1 9 85 5 ilJ;9 (3- ,$1 --j 1i vA 1fa+1o H!Bl; 'v4sl Auz + 1S zi , i <, -141> 311980 A8) 1 ,1 i? Js ;1,l e u v1: ~~-% C>5 Ju , 277 18~~~~~~- JJ !- 1, :U L N - Jj (3 J$ -4< ~ ~ ,921 n-4 C-1 1 e j~~.5 j << . _ lyl! ,SJ1Jz t;yleglS alUF11 >1980 jj Jul i e LL- j.Jl > i> . (5-5 ;, sJi \ <>inI OU inL s (1 >l L J 3!l, 1970 c JJ2l, t9tA HI i e! L) 1997 c -< 1,x .-sl Ji-d fuL - 1?a >J 3 278 t.&,s%%ai14 " '- ^l >s ilOI Jt@- iL 5j- @ 5 5 ;wl-L"D )Wl UL-?P 80 . 1.0. 60 0 6.8*; ....... -- ' ............... t _o---------------- 0~~~~~~~~~~~.4. ........ ...... . 0.8 0.4 0.2 01970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 25 1.0 20 0.8 15 0.6 1004 0.2 0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 ,,fj _4, f,~~~~~~~. ........... ...,4 iL! _ ~~~~~~~~~........... ....,v - ,f., iazu - o. 5-5 JJ &q- 279 55 1.15 50 ~~~~~~~~~1.10 45) >< ' 0 < ' .~~~~~~~........ 1970 1980 1990 1997 1970 1980 1990 1997 f i s, . ............ ............ ot! - ~~~~~~~~~........... . . JL, -4 j ~J.Uv J,sW, oL.Y aUi,g&1 JS t)k 1 j@1~ )1 :s'~ jj-L-JI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .(199 j2 1JJ :,1J vLyl S I Jis 0 v J o,5 J,s aWJ 6 &--J jj -L 1 j I. I -d IJi L5 ,L 11 JGj 4-LJ Ld< L. 4,!U JyUW .QT 1994 ,11 Ji o,_) 280 .stl~~~~~~6 _. & J G i ;A 1 i 5A r! 'DUS eA~~~~~~L<1 )L '9 Y O1e_ ,,fSl 31 DBYC14__'~l L 60 1.1 55 1.08 50 1.06 45 1.04_ 1970 1980 1990 1997 1970 1980 1990 1997 .2 .A< Q (T1994) J,W LY )M .1991-1987j 1986-1981 ? a>. .41J5W J21! j SU5UY6') (1) j1 i JaU (1 999) ! 1:1 J > 9 J~Ji~U 9 8 4dJ 14L .(6 -5 J.<.-.Ji) L< L ^ii "YJ LQ L. L"-, iJ 4 j 3 1 ; t ! (1980 L)JI L. zUbk J 9 1* W) o - J 281 ,F a,1 , u S > ,yl z a1, jF(1999) 1 E- tsF ~~~(2000) J jW > s y11! ;F-lJI H F vy ol_lli oTl jtL L:t LJ 9; ! JzEl 441 J8+YL oj~~~~ i ,11 F 1- 1-llJ 1 %Ll 59>SJ aj~k LJI 3 ~ j. -Jl Ai > \P :,;SN t IjJJ F iS ,kI < J EJI 22j1J;11 'I VJIL) o l 1 bl5 ;SLi aLll282l ,a1 , . - , j3 bi Jr. j> y t G - vilS uiI 9- L:, J,i a 2 27 _ J j -ui o1,- J,s'l: 9-j u1, > Ji A ,< j~Wi j 1.L LLI.~ jt -i L -(L99 I -L Jj Lx* 1 Ul L oJI Z jL J1 I c Ip J JL,. 4,j> i jj-:! 5Xi : , sYI 3 : lUNl L) - JJI - -LJI iJAP SI i J- .o -($4L~JI ;3LEl 9,I 3 JW 1"; kLJI Ji I LZ.ASI U! ;JW b L X J9 U ! ^j>I i>U JjI A,-;l J_1 -Ji L11 DF- L8 L+Ji A 34 J , L4Jyl C 4L1J ;v: G .CaJ~ JL-)j Jo JI SJ.- +RLI Ji l:jy,L 1 l J .l (20) ~ ~ 28 .4+i,Ye L5 -ju L1! aJ L-;l Z.Wi alJ >L-JJ ;ij ou L-A j9J Jll,1 EIziJ otlO *-~~~~~~ J llj 1 O 1 1 y -I (26)lyl ol283sX,i, v,EiJ l ie ;L61 , -jIu1 c :., L. J-,l j 4a- -S! GRl oMs - r> (4-5 Jj_;U42,gl 26J Jj; i 40 _>jja_Ji 11L- Oe a4L.JI ,L1J z_C 1970 1J O 1 1995 1980 1970 41 36 34 U 3 5 25 3 1 z_1 48 47 46 37 39 33 "i j 40 37 34 51 48 46 40 40 41 38 3 1 24 L 45 46 47 7y 41 44 46 YK, 47 50 47 49 44 36 y-A i ,& e 45 45 33 46 48 45 (Jz) i L-T s - L ' 40 35 32 }, Q Y#') - .1980, 1970 u j A Y- , J,,S -s L< -JI'1 L- OL u L Abp ,Yl zUL Uij' o -i L _L . y _z 1980, 1970 >ALJv 2(8999) 284 i' 91 ~J -iJ :-L5 >JL J;j! u i J;9l CH O AJI! (yl 9 36-,L -J sl2 JI5LC )j lJ? Si i-)U j -Jl 96~l ;S J j ~lj s;L;J2J 4X1s a 3 A W3 sll 7 23 A IQ - 11cW i ;llJSsl;$!Jl i! 4J1aJll v164-25l g A1JJ _,gl!1< nl!<1 ,cl4Fv Sj y4: 197 28590> J~~~~~ s1 oy X .>1 Jjt 4. 1s +1iI J J9 C- OJI ~~~~~~~~j,6jl 9,, 5 O5 u,- 1 ,,, , ja1 9l ,!L~ i(7-5 J<,g1l) :uJ .. s .(2000 ;j0) joy ,, JlJ E ;oipl a > ,, 2I4 !~- (LW 15 k Juyi aJ&~ yri ~Ll - ,r L-Jl J3 L. LcI 7 J! I Jl J -aL 25 JW U L1985 CIJI , O1JJI Uj AS! OLEJI j3 ! L Jx~ ;LJI I! U i)-j .1990 4L 68.9 :~ 1 4 9 oL ,,W ,vus 11 e 5J:i,l, IrjJI 23! *, ? Xi! g1! D+1! ;osJ,ky Jx ,31d.j . l L ! tJyl tuA1 1 31J-l si ZL)l1 > J v^ 4 *(1997 ,ssUl kI Jlj)XJ\I J OW286 286 L8Z 1 w S I> ,r Irm(tR' lClf S)(6661) 9661 b7661 Z661 0661 8861 9861 b7861 Z861 0861 uc w4y1* '----------- ~~~~~~~09 ......... . ''''''''''-' * 001 O-71 9661 b7661 Z661 0661 8861 9861 b7861 Z861 0861 OZ .......... \*09 001 4> sr (ncrlSqnC(0861 =001) 1 { f L: C1 r W Avr 1 IfOE IM fz 4fC er rier(q:iN >f^ [ 661)- l7=te) ~ ~ ~ ~ l~g C1'v4T(n: -F8 # 6660) [SIfe 1[i> : z Jll zJI (2000 AA * 3j) '1999 sA) Lk,51 jlj l j( 2000 .' _irjJ p ol;J5 (H1Aj 73 J 54) xJ~JI n ~L 66J J2J' 37 ,Jiy) 45k 9pG K l,J J JXYl L LC L p1 DYI WXG<1 Ep ngaY ,! oll Jj8 J (999 3j+ g J oX141t a99 o1 sYIl aJlj .(2000 Jj Tjg (2 1 )l999& _ 2A) y W SG .9 Ji 198 j WIJ 10 - 4 , ,A' 10 1995 1LU J-5 .;1985 L5_ :J G5G ag Jio LS1ols; S til ~jL--5 .(1998 )bJJ;sU,J3X J ;i W -j1 ,- lj L W3 I , 40 . ;1 1 673JC J YI L-11 73 5G|' Jj~l DIUil! J 5I L 1 990 \ pG 4G| 7| + J9,l , 7 L I 64 j I9 I1 1 G 1!>- Jy JLi-l jil 1 E Le-Nl sS ,.Ll - I Z! JI ,3 J ! o--J , I ; i 41 1 isl 120 .|1996 G, a-51al ZJ2 J ( 73 w 54) jL-JI (Udl,J 66 LI! 3 7 y iSaosA9Jl!eS1 g , yli -JI &-3 f J l } ;Ji 5L o .(2000 Ai IjT i 289 L L i I a-2cj JLies,+ ;L1 v !1999 j 1i *;S,9 dyl Ss I ? i~~~~JL L1 1eD} J 1 w 1JLl jIj 91 499 t21 < jL.aXi L~~-vJI J-aa1 ,gltDlb!J ,:X! VSl J :>1 5,iEl 91 1y ? ;S~~~~~~~~~~ir vX iSi J1 CeXl i l J1 4-ylj%Dy X 1 tji428999 ,~~~~~~~j~~~ L-i X151' >L JA L59 Jp -s,-,, 9, - ~ ~ j j,4-11sA aH - -8 t-.t1 S J myl! j;1 91 jp j-41 si 2,j k,v L,9 JU.4,1 ,, olJLLI 4JF,,,1C <> JS~~~~~~~~~~L-- at ,, c 9Jl j> JL-_., L-9 4i>J *J9yl i! SJ-, zJI -J 1>;UNsJ L--j~~~~~~~~~~~ IJ 4L II =o Ill;~ tJw e; 41 JbF9l o6 -au1 ozgl ,w~L oj -(i >J1) 5Jl i/X U G_^.JI JS290 4 }W3 1 > - , W J a- 'AY U : L J - -l ~~LU ~AyJLJ; ~LW *L _! ; , JL4-5 Jj XL11) X, 8-W~ yl L1 osJ 3 1p 9'Y J \j,l OJSI J !2l91 }j-,-J u-, j);i L>Y < I ,IJ j W;1OS 1 2 _ S 4I 91 L } )Li , -L 4lJ ,1;zY3 5> j L5- 1995 ~~ O u, -jj j y j jr J 6 91 - 4J J e1 H Jij liJzl UbLz ji , 5 .(1999 3j bjj -))JL4) (19 9 9JI JIp ; 9 -L-J - H;1 1 J ,rli JI ,;L1 *A, 1 Jl ( ,1998) oa zjL > , > . -7 <71 * + J ; Zij i I 0>29 4s',J- oei.-1L (2000) i _1,.al11oJX L-,, <1 .~J : S , U l : i 1995 f11975 WI c fi Lj J 41(1998); J< i< 9S ,iJ _? >lci L Di(2000) 1: ,jX 92S1 a-! ? aSS1Si a-(1999) a 294 ,; Jl; jl~ Lwa L.5_L s! Al LLyjI-dilJ; 1e Kt).~~~~~~~LL .,5,4;iEl trLill ~Ai9 Ws 3-5 JJ) S , -L - 30 1 9 } Luc- Li -J I j -L19 U_I z y 1 c J'L-12 47 1975 41997 J 1992 : joWl1987 J 1982 (1 u1 -~ J_E t 65 yJ .(1999 jjY > Ij LjZ -_j1 a 1 5J@1 ausI S1 3 >1 ._ < a J- JJi -13 47 41975 21wl j S t!21 J 9 J. ii (IL bl:>(997) -.e,j~ 51 i1990 :WI ij ill 47 i1985 Ll Jj 45 c1980 'WI ' J +1x il >1 Otg 1 i U >1;JNJ-14 5 iI J> v 65 J)I Jll,- OlJ4,25 5ji~~~ 11 jl D 4iy .(1997 i3yr)'jJj *)1992j 1978 s L v s J; CE jUdl-JtisJi C17 :5 i_ J,~~~~~~z+_ LGI Zibk1 J9L-, ,MJI .(2000Ja)9=I;~S Q g(1996) J!SI JL-j-J -,ulgyJ (19)SSS!5 -16 gw2l J-uI ; A J2l j Y S Cj g (1999) ez 295 JJI X J js ,3 t uL:-l _jU ;ADy 63l L,- C-1 .,1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~) ukL> Y j21 -Ol JI _L-21 ki o 8 L,-'~fI jj ), 6 1991-1987 , 1986-1981 LLps J~ eU :li J I 4 9JI y - J (T 1994 J JAJl) i >; J! :~s~,IlU >I JS ab Ij J1 a Jj-x (1994) I~l- -j LLl,11 _J i S5 sILJIl L-J sL jl :1990-1975 ~~- Y J~~ 1 j il JjU UJI QJ J 1 > -U , i1L- )5 I 1 JU - LaY 11i_1!LlI J X>,Ji L5JJU l, 1 L 9 y~~L Zl U ~LLr .z- s~j ~ ~ ' -20 ~~L6J-i ~ ~ ~ J7 OS- !I- ,YJIz JJ1 ilL 296 J iS, S -S 5 J9 cS jr, 1 il )UL A- tUS- 'N ,tl J *t _jz LcLi zz -l - 1 Js- 2,NI c2j U -21 ji~~~~~~~~~~~'' XJy _, J eual ,J, J-1j :iAl +i , tSSaiti ~ ~ Uz jJ H 1 1j$Gy A J ,yL~ J iAl ji S1 O ;(1999 3j. Nj -YJ A) 4J1 297 ,:6"'~ ~ ~ ~ >X " i~ ~~~~~~K K- 2:kSk ; ;c oQ (tett 'Ztt( K. ':t W i' ; : (. . t C " t 't-. i %'C. '" '- ' t eOIO 3ll a i,IU vs J:LU a L42i I j 1 yI yxJ~-J -l -W i. _I 1 S LA .Jl, v~ . v~l oI~~ ;,ILl, -oJIfC iv R _ vLW ~zS 4iSl 3 J, KII -l;3yl,3: 49lu1 ,1 . Vss 2 i> 1 Ul o .(1-6 -- , - I L <3> l< j uilJL - iil "!'-S I X f WaJ~~L p1 _IslJ a i> i 2J i j9 ;p ~jJL A I;mJ i I iL - 30JI n iNl J ^11 ! 4ffiy L jj O. te.,_-1 - I ,5 4,_i ,9La 301 fqJ;,ct 1JSl? ? 1 ,5 ', J.- G ;') , fc. YA<~U > -d 1i > j *1K~ 1 Ly4 sL4 L91J ol- CLJ 2s M , .I ~~~c. > US iSL.f 'JL 01@gy 14+ 11l :;l.j-I i jEl JI,.I. .:LI J ; JD2G L,I 4L A 19 oU 302 ~.J s o 7- N J E r J J C A 1 AJ O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0- -I,JEi .v9 J5L1)I ;,L1- Of + -$~~~~-U- i a i1 o g !1. Ji-, 1--' '1! @eL-liJ y 1OL>- L-,J Jy A1 H .i,Ji i-Jl L) a-_)U;: ::i9I ,zAA-L'L JL.4Y t5i! aU ,/Cyl! ~~~~~~~~~'- 1 F1uiJ.>;1 302 1995 z'luYl Lxl,vja JWhl 1995 Lau , L-- l 199 199 3! Jil J..i.j, 1.0 1.0 0.0 - - 0.0 = 1997~ ~ ~~ e9 >1 199 , k4t Ji-di :-i .(1 ,S1986) 1!J t l A l 303. L3 4Xa * 'n4 j 00 ? I 998 WITA ^ iI 992) uuj i5s4J2l -I i+e ;nJf Doij w t21s 9 19 L oU1 999J) I RI<3JA ? lW.1XeJ (;tflLS $) asJ21 i3031 lY ': U ZjfaZX >l Z2 JiL jr! K12 - -,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-, .5 A iJ I, -ra^I lFjsse 6 9 - 9j - i,-5al J,Wl > a,1b1j -9 Art1 Zs&KD ~ - Z ' f2 .o *. J z 41r L 5- jH1! > EJI L j ,- jL i , jly.L 2L- 1 ssl Y j 1 SiD JL~y ^ JI JS F1 OLJY4- ? D! 4): LA z 4i M1~~ 304 > , j , J ) .1 4lJI D SS: OLi~.~Ji S LJ 1 sJI Zdf, oJl Mr ;i iLYuJ < J 4r ilJl lI i1 .ld pI L4 11e iJl! IoL W4,4 illw I? 5A A 304 JU~j j- Jj WU U~~ lj~ 'P p10:ly i4I XJl p 11 .(2-6 ~LL tiy - 401^+3 <1 js- oll J oWi si A- - 1 ~-Y ll5 >S ,J AY ii >! 98 _ ! iX i -'j U -I 1 / ,,;tel 9 ,,21!,,Q ,,<1,, l J L > *(\JI~l I 2 ,-11 lj>3 yA 4,j1:t+ < j 305 us,jwi Z~494 Qj j U 1 Zf. E1ID 0;i1a164 L"L:2-6 ISgiJ 1995 64x'1UsY: a41J-J jLJ 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 _ y1! JT LA _-i 1995 c;4_UW \ j L J~ 1.2 U1 L-T L! )k J i ju?j@! 1 E ;a j S Iya 306 1997 2-6 jQi 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 - 1gl J J 1995 Q11 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.0 a1~ L1 X < _ j .j m > 2 I j -W 8 ), 5 : ASS jU ,Ll w si b 10 s .(1999) ! i(1998) WISTAT q 3992)07 307 ys J 21 ,< 6 ;w sysl J osyl st 2-6 J-< rJI J , . I L4 6 I, ui. I I xi J U I U 4-1 .! W i5u1 ) .1! 5J 1 j i J1 J .Y& i~ 1 tz jJ1 ,s >JU a-~ -J j, 9 Jf by .(1 u Z--j j 4 y jA j;l, 5y 5 ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~L L<9g i 6P ,J! ->I 1Ju! z1 JJ 4J 8 >xi- AJ~ W 1 I 5 - -JlI oJ l j , iL; 5 J 2l W3 9WJJI ,jo;l4j jo i4 i xi, 91 ~~J, L- -I ,,l jalv-j ~j jj ji_x 308 -%* I . I 19 9L 1 3 o19> L .jcZ J I -:-i 1 *t'9 y- j -- - j . , U WX- ,L2 _ - -4 v jL3 I j ~-i KJ W1 ycl Li GoP a L~~~~ W3 ; 11, J >J -,U - D JI j39J 'Uj,Jl! GJy 5 6K!G>J!;1>1 i, uG>IO j L)J 4J< 2 l,k JI Ji> l Jiy 4J1j 45 vl~~~~~~~- v l 1 1 +i , LJ5 vJIv 91 ,S 11V 4siri U y JIv: : 1 >~~IAI 9 Ji t1 H-,; 9 is JJ, e, 309 Cv?~~~~~~~~~4 Ft ii ~~~t-Ct1 E ' -Mveof 9 ): r e G s~K c- *F k 1> _ Et > C tc ~KI(~r C r st\r c . i:&S. L t tX fW 8t Y &- t~ &~7 .c _ _ tLL, i7 -GL a? J 4k L1 al S1u .45 v,Li LS ,xjL. S J, v7 l s . 311 9< 31 )j j3 7 13 > A : 3 > . 9 X) a -o)n j ggq< 01 :1) '4 2 '$ 03 ' 9 ') ) 05 .' 2 9, ]u l :5~~~~~~~~~~i ~~~~~~~T3 ~ ~ ~ C Th ~~~~~~~~~Q* El?~~~~~~~~;1 > ~ S 8 LJlu>1 S Uiog 1 - U. 1 O- ,_ ,S>LLSI ob 14y *, sI ,JII ILU <~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J~ a oic YlD Z- ,y is w L--j I L---,L I Z--ilAl*J I9 L) -.L- j~~~~~~~j~OS +, ,_,! 1_...1 191 LW .ss - AX >2' X U 3 S Lj w:SLJ8 sLJW jli isllJl! G1 aJl UlJ , JI .c Wil ,)-JI a-b 5S efUiNl I,j eooy ,JoljCiS I $ s l jL-11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ., Z-1 L. .(3-6 ,l W JJ I -'l -11 J5; JS G -di -L;lj -u"S1 ,5 1Y P I 6l J 1 , lLl<1$IJ JI19,-.J ~~~~~~J IJ LJE L9AI J IJ 4;-UJ 51 l !lJ (2) +1 , lJI \iJ 8 8 ~ -'S 1 313 1995 a4lxvI OLJWU jW 1.2 0.8 0.6 1995 (SJ J LJUO< 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 314 1997 e w 1.20 1.14- . 1.08, 102 0.96 I 1, >r bJi N s>LYI, JI < Lj 1995 iu 1.0 . 0.8 0.6 0.4 - 0.2 ~ l4pY .aw1 L! ,AId i J .@, ~LU {1,1~1 1~~~~~- j;1 C X l9JL; ay t t JLyl< - J i-- ,SS)$I j3 --ul Nu >l >( L5,~Li ?! ,9 A L+a~ ~~~~~9l aAb 16 a jsI yi I j jY 11 j jeJI jal I 2sLW i~2 ^; ^ y9, L? , W./ 3sl< .< Li S aiU 26 ,+ -,j lb ^4 bG 1! , y Yl ;iJ N e >gtn 3 X3 1 3~ ~~L- L5_~ pB @ oJ J IIjI JI.L li~ j, 4iI~ -xi - - J J <@ i-i -s l A J J - * 3).,1 < ;1y -j O9LIJ y ,-1 5uu 9 9 o:Us JC isL;- .., l i~ 4! ,, ];JlI 4c L,, 12 . olJ ll ; y Ji 3 HJ QSy >L. jl 1 3Il1 ': j . u, 16 I ,,, , ' lsg < j$,- jY, k] ,y 5-! 9Zl! ~~~~j~: JJ .6A1 C 316 4~~~~~ 4>1JJU >9!(4-6 SI &-3'$ d+ ;J L)~Li ;Sv l-J\L !> ,Jjj ju, J y !Ljyl j_1!,<1: N l (4)Li,y1 J L ,Yl uA J. L i ) ,+ k,Ul 4J }y1> JJ-, L:E uA j Gvu + J UI 0 --.. o1>L~~~~~~~j-SJl XL - '11 a Gl J191 i i u1 91 S o+1 91 >21 slj cA AL Sj 7 y $ J - JIil jW -L. - v j- j5u ,Xu iJ-9 Y SA Vi :> ! .-(4-6 9 )sS iaxl+ Pi J ! e1 yUJ , JI9191 317 3 17 -A"- zG iVGWw i#fjfJ Qu j:4 1995 4Lx2,- 4i 1.2 iC 1.0 0.8 0.6 1995 A,i_9. yjLD uJ 1.2 i 1.0 0.8 0.6- U1! uT X,, u<, LiJ J@,j LA v SJI * J.Ll 6 jj O1Jl 318 1 997 -CA J I 4-6 ASIM 14 1.20 , 1.14 1.08 1.02 0.96 i1 Y- , , ,1 y 2, --1 , 1995 ;jUTh 1.0 0.8 i ;, c 0.6 0.4 0211 ,~~L J d j tJ!i - 1 > 9 ijA i1 A ) S :S A ! o j 4i ,i L 10 LA 5- u .L9U,W '-l 11, '(1998)WISTAT z- 2UAJ :uYJ i(1992) UUv a L u :,LA 1999)9 319 sel +1 o; Ao *** * + l O-~ fi Wy 1 2J~ 14 Zy>C g<1 o\U Jy 1J *i W1 ceysl J -Z "- _4z1 L4 3 >6A jL 4-A JK~A J, IW;- I jJI 1 4~~~~~j~ ~---4 JLi JJ- 31 J0!o+ez8L 1 44 't 9.4 J1 J;YI Ji >W X>~ j/i i~~~J 'SLz 'Wi ,l jS -a1 )< 1 320 I _,51 _, bL-,5, j ,;1 91 " ,- o'j JoLz- si +1 J< .J;IJ L-jI L. S il L1a HJs ! 4_1LI jj.1 9 1 Ji 4>1J1SjJ 1 + > (Cz.yL~l J~, --1 Jvl 4 > iS J 9 j ,7L I J j A J J J S H 3 S ; fj I L Y ,vJ i @JI i.S%6-lJ (4S C @)I< ~l'P 1-6j lj > <>JI OSS1 < 4-L _ P 4Urj ' lX Dj i.i 4~ 1i .(,&A J> -lj-_l' & ',_' -9-t1 i K&9 321 _,WI~ ~ ~ S -g.L1 i qt-yl j:1 ^ :4,1IJ L-Ji JLJ) J-S; lZ;l jw L"i- (SX J ) L51YI -k8 H J O: 5i ji o: JiL. e- 9 ej,,,I ,.> L) ~ (/ L J Jb- .|A! J'i'\ ZU I' 'S )tYj I- j-', J W) I, 322 1-6 jLtj U ajlgJl J fL l ~i J~W .A5-y3 Jul) ~j --il, J) L. J21JI W19 ; zW Gi- iz.Ji ;Wi iowS 9 ;,- j4i Z-W jj. _ty 2Ol 4 132 .z j>l t.u e t \-.j o ylo1Jt3231 1-6J=F L>.J I O1~L~.- 1oLIZ JI ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 91i -Wu1 9 4i .J!, W,u 11 JeL-J @g, sLdl tj ,zjL-Ji~~~ to~L 4Ji6 ,-L- L.) 2,1~~~-~ ->Dj - I?lq , -- i a-1 l J J.-4C 61 ~ ~ Workfare programs 324 ~-'~ -~ -~ ~W c~W ~J~ ~ ~I -6 - Lu O 45>1 JA1~ y, I~ <, G ! 4 L-J 1 L. - I - , 4L r>Wz :.A _)-6' J,' o; ;XW- ->y, by w S-Jy 21! 1XitS P LL-J 'J''A) 9 'j ' ) L, J ~ L~2~j L-J 325 I{~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~c 4j. r F . . . T. , X , L Dt- e- |~~~~~~:~c . * b c- i, l C,-~~~~~~C -roL2 7 J f:2~ I LJ5 j Lc ti ~j.~ IJW ~ J ,j J.,i.- 3,WI *i~j zN~1 LI sJi J- - - s s~~ - - i LA 2S >a i -i y 4 - v P+ J vgl t S1 oI uI a I i I o LJ. 9i 4 Li~~~~~~L i vML Z-1 JI -, Lg j,, J- f .1-6 J-Up- 1 e L1 - 9 i Ii hv L' i J JI U5 JL > JW A Jjj a,4$ ><5L 327 4:CvL 4i < 1 Ca1L 1 aX- 1 V327 1 Y-> &w9n~ Jol J, ii jCL D D kLb JI AS - ,J .cl .SS aJI J, 1 , 1 A~~~~U *j 6;> 9yJy 4sIL -s y l> !76 -L5 QLA jt' -' ,Q LJL" 9Ljl J 'L, L. IJ 1-; iS :. LI J i L,-Jl e -.) , L 1 1 ?. -L1 L) zLLa y ~~~~~- j a L.^v !t; ; ,-U,51 o;l Js~ ~~~~~~-7L Ij -Ji :- J-i ,:,L l jL1 ,)1sa sI! L,-JIsl 328 J L L,i LL LDi 328 1 G R > 3 S1 1 t11 J:Slj z J L2jj L-, j J zj .') (1993 rL,-J =1 'xl ,9 ll + 1 1 919 9 1J9 9 LJ 1997 ~3Jy t ,i :AL --a Le I J yw }l -l J S , j. .(1994 199299 j,j 329 -! .A1 1 J AsE syl L) ;.-JjL) i; JA,J j jlyl? ~~~~~~~~~L-I L;-j I IJ K y -kaI-l+:1 Ss L3 9 4 o J lJ j E5~~~~~~~- ;Yl *I 5 JI J .(16 f zL) J 3,lYlpJ4X >j 8 < F >i fi;l < sl 329ll 5S $1-loJ * t>. ;IJAigL22$U LSptz1 - .~ Jpjg39, ~~ jW~~ j ~U9 5.UJI JWA~~~~ ~~ jW~~~ ~ j _L;I 4 W K -1987 -,,2LI :-3Jl j6, JI L 4>:JIJI j,1y l u ( WI) 3i 4 41 ? zjl - 2 ~y~- Jl 3 t yy. z v ; ii ' +- Cl Qk(1993 . L1) -Wl >UYl L o jL jLi Q I Ht 20 ,_J'- ,jF iv5ij Ly\ 6 3U ,,W 3jjxl I jujSy j o;j.)L. o j- ; u il xy JSL YI jui jI vl3X ju:,sJl9 lyl 1 L- I Okyl sY Lk2! i,5,1rl +1l L, ;~iJ>yl oS1 uii 1I , jkl- yl j AJ-J A (TA 1 ,JIy :JBii L :U -- JL-z ejL,-l L9p J-~.~ JJ Sk1y,33 M 2 j,l S 3 ?e r--J"j 1?i 99 1iJF ) 216 20 S1n ,;1 alJLi , I >5 jLl, .l J: jd >5l;~2 oUSJ oAl 3 ! -PIi JD lsl ISIj .P,15 L .,9 ,34 o lj , .p ll5 jlS 1i;l .,5JJJI !. U-1 5lf4OJ1- 1 330 ;91 jK v efz ; tt1 i1 1--' 4' u ji Li)-A - J9 y 1 1 f1 J1 J 2 M C L3 1 4J I l Jas L I I IA )21 .Jl C .7A.iJ Ld ,P.J Sclz .,L;KU, jS C9 J1J Llo j! :-,L I-).;, 1 l l .(S1999 ,,y -a-4L 70 L5 9- Y (1 )* )-J a~L e_&1I_;pu1 .(1999 DJL* 41998 p 1998 t y 4-A -~~~ ~~ j~ JLU k~~~ ~~ .u~x ~ 9-J L.S-z s1 ; *(2 jj l 431) ;1illij j .,1y - i l, JL5l - ;jiW >3 J- l .(3 3(1998 wS_r9 9 C Cl_28 ~J~ 4 I Le JI OJHI U1 J, - j .S-5 ,1 S ; 1 e 1+ -,L-i I L~ 4 ..i l JI>L , T, 6s 9'L,J Z-'L 41cl I Cc9;1 g OA A ;J~~I I LI JUI L9YJlU!GH~1 S - .!t:Ui Sc o - (2000 -.)" Jj 1999 -, 6:a I) -,j,; 1 ,-1 J _L _t iSP ?~ -, E, AL-JI 5 33 1 S 9 -SQ1s -!1 91 8w i, - ,= M i 5 wz:2-6 5 9; .'n tu -- -, o S a -ul iz,xJ j, (1998 , ,l t-. a,ilk- > ee> J 91 ? su1 4- t>J2; ? j1 fikLb 1 ,? ti~ -Ljl 2 S < Ji-1j J+ L1 Ja Li j -o,,>) ,,WslJ 'IoJLcll 63rl Z iLJI 3Y 8 1, Cllo Ii Z9 J ,19 ,, 1> 1S- a I .JUL u; Zl3JIC- J lfgJ 1111a332 L sA,~l =;. wyL.1 bju a1il ^c 1.48 0.91 0.116 0.189 0.172 3.55 2.58 0.125 0.172 0.444 -< 4.87 0.030 0.146 -, 3.27 0.030 0.098 j.DJ ' -I.65 il.54 - 153 '164 252 -b A :2.02 1.71 -128 '151 258 2.62 114 299 J ZL J- 91)1 J ,1- E jz+s<1 11Jd S .(1998) J e 1 1 :Da1 1998 ) >L ?> 333I 4YI ap vH C-- 333 (vff XfT ~8661) 6R vC! ) Izrn Z Sn,,>v If C 1l 'F'PY h,L,i OX *c>v F , t lX 0 < . '1 .; s c i@n 1991 ;J s 1241! 1j 1 1 .(2000 WiL, i1999 i1999 4J)Lij 4 yY1 ' 1994 ' i1999 ; 0S2 - J1 f c , 2~LJ J~ i ' ' i i S ' ,#L~ j1 1 J~ 912 31 O'- -i A 1s j91- 'j xJ l c i, t : .a. - Z,9 :Jl ~~~~~~~(983ilk 4 U5 ii1 9 J-~ 3 o .5 S*^ rJk Jj! ji (2000 li S-jI -)U ~J i, Jl ji- J I 5. Gyl L-s j S jjl - JDi +1 p -~ ~ h- 16 jI - 8 ~~~J .(2000 Y5>j U- 4SJ 336 i,kl, ~~?- il~JL J~ fb j;S 91 4' 4- Lii sj L--aj 4 yl 4j 41L51i J I WI L -i ; z,i ,~ -,uLl ) !> sJ L5 , - -2 . { jla 14J 11JI ZL ss 91 Il L- OLL - yJJ Z s 1 os!;J 4JW ,>y 4; o; jS J oLJ yl .ZJ,11 i ,S v 11 L-j j4l i JJ ,, -1 L .Wi~~~LL ;,;;1 J Uii 1 LJy , k i 1 s ;;L5 ~ ~ 7J'j l A d OL4 J- 911 11ou Jul j~~~~~~~~j~, 4_4~~~~~~~~~j -,.jKj -jUsl :< g a 338w E v J LI E_!? 5X F U C1;1A F WJI, rN338 J i 91Ji! 41 , W WS iJ Aiv;, 19 O Jir I2l C- ., -1! ;yl,< vxy ,> .J.i J ,., j =,-!>S1 y_U.J, L~U L Y Z-,-I ~jI :i iA .1 1j)L -t oS O1: > 1 s - L-Jy -lz LQj 1- J l e3 ~~~~~~~~1 aS oJIl + s1twI.,s i4; 5el oW U1 -~~u z1 - jj1~ :--- Ijl .6,yl 1,11 IS J i 9 J; ,JI!- ;L-- - J- I J Id-< L L) 339 ,,1Ll aWJ 9 JI sf ; JL J sS 9r~ -L L,a j ':< 1 1 S1e g;lj- sL. -' ~~~~~~~ - - U L- . L~~ ~LJ~ ~~i WI ~i4.j Lj, IJL OL J; 4_L1 J 1 ;yl ,99 9 J1 S j I jJo~ (340 j J 4_>1 1,! l 4 -1 a2C Y: 41 lj lL W)I<1HeJiJ ta0J f- IS A O ~J I J .zsj & - J- I .j_Ji L -I P J i ( ,:L .i , J I, ; i g? 1Z ff 4> L J -i, J :-L-il4 9i@JI j4 Ljj j 8JI 151 W *J i i S LA U_ A >)i f J2l ? L>JI3 J45I UWj I y,A .(41 Y jLi..:2jl 1 < T~~~~~~l Jlll SSJ > 12:;L AllsLoI i341lY lYS -l;JII Jl.i aoQl;;AI * ?wQ1 lw.L-l QIwWl:3-6 31 11 JJ ~LL1 ~ ~IJ-A j 5WI Li L~ i LAJI L: y1 -JL-- L,gJIjy I j51 '.S1I a yJ 4~~~~u. 4oEWl Lt1Sj JL1G+>-Jl < X-i lj-c~ ;A . L. JI f-l JI :d Jl ; 4 iS ,S; - aiJl 4^eJy, 4JI <:< C5L! JS ~~~~~~~oj-I Ltco ;-,6- jlj 4J!.SL-i)lr,IsIs ujJ ,61 -W JaI H sA.J1 4LR J;)AAJI; W.i o, 9!iJ;l ,I .J>AU i~ 9lJI .31uX L,Jl JX ,i) +X ;JI - cLA l OWJI ,? UJ ZJI 4A 4 - J3.) JI i j JU z4lLi -; J - ,Jl LJ 9j A Jj -3l42 j = !.) a-ZI ,S1 L)UJIr1jJ .3,1 I zJ L JJ ; L- L-, ,rji 4><1 4,j1 -%yl-4syl L-YI aJLiS' L1 4+LdS .(1999 1+ > p loypJe.1 1 1J;JI Wi1 uk1 J oL 2 jo Llij L) s 1 e 1 Al J-I 45-LAj J* ~~~~~~j.Ji :rA!O\,UJ1 L si So1oiS 1j u ~~~J~, ea -Pu8J28SJ (zU Y9 AAi, e l-z,, 2- ji 1 t591 as, -L, l:A _Sj (-Lz ;u ll oi J 46 S 6 _JUJ -,,5 5' J j~JI J 65OEl Ou2) w>S34 J;)lJ ;JI vo JgJ ,$JI <:JS ~~~-(2000iJ4Elocll cl es J,n,; e , ty we a6 J~~~~~L; A;I IusX zd 29-a,H i,-a S) - 3 1 2 -S 4-6 3_.,.P 1, != J!IY I)_ J L5,;1 JJI 2 atlL 36 r jYS ,, 43LL ;U ~2 + (?~~ ~~~ L- I L-J iLt LoL-i) L, U- JL,A xla __ (0.89) gm1 =S- ,i _ ~~~~~~(0.60, (k- 65 -L- U-D (0.43) (0.35) 60; -L -U-J (0.29, 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 - e --- 60 < j ~L45 ;65 .r 3 z JL'-A ji si- zA> s , zA 5 39u1 z 1,.. > OLJ2 ;a ,,< 51 iy) , >9 ;(65 >, , L) a- 15 2 j., cA S 1 2 ,,u 2LI 60 J<,;1 -li 1rl?u 60 ,, ,,6 ;-d , - AJl .- 19 ,; .A j, 65 ; aL- ! , 23 ,;- i p , 4> J<- al Y, 1 1 Js344 .(2000) ,l, ,f , :, l 344 . . , . . ..... .... ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- - - - - _, - - - 4-6 ajiLall IiL 5...U LXA3 LL Ja a L- JU l ,- L1 19 l 160 Z g139 j, 4 35 a-1 U 29 e-, 4WU J 65 z j 60 65 43 J, L, 1r- 4+Jv1 ..5LrU ~-l, JJ1 1l ..A1 J2 345~~~~~j ,5,VJI i 1 a1 ? 60 J~,; UA-s L-1, Li -G tW1 I,-9L1~ ,i u~~~~L L.-LLi L5L" -;SS 1 9 s, ISlj "Laj,U1 ju< C si .zl1u 89 a1 -i 1 ls (PASIS) J-G 41d> t ,11 > eM a - 9 1 & J j a:-65 Ij jLZ y, jL-lJ)Ij ;L1. .(1999 jl J 9 )18 3 4 jj-L,S ; j a 1 3>1 ,? itldL 13 Jl12 >S i," S y - jJ < Y11SiL5 L-JWS1 YIS iel- X;i,i 345 Ji L 1J 1<998 J s - L1 uS J-11 ~ ~ ~ ~ .1 bi1 J1 J,-(20 i 4.,J I E ;-e J ,!.20 ) .(99 iia ij Im AJI w.vsil 'iz,,1`S e;,Y5LSI ,, 1 z~~~O~ , L L,,-- JJI'- L'? Isy JL lC e J ;Hyl S f ;1fl< ' 1 Xy- L~ 'l1 -aS i. as" ~ ~ ~ ~ .vl JIjUll1 11~~~~~~~~~L -il i ,Lrrl Wl ~> 346 Cl .i j.-! ' 1 1 JU 1 1 _ Li1 oijl J bo! WJI jj--i-lj jU ; Y s el j --jl_ t I . ~~,~i .(199 347-6 j o 1 Z p I ,_, v X ! ~~~Zi-J I j,-J I4- J I D %JJ3 L-,IiS JI15 i.UI!~~L as-4_$1 d c ,H1i :.i-L -GjS .F : JI I z, ujk ,1998 ~ ~ .(-311 ,LJI)jl 4sL L*c 4s1;1 Jl: '_ 1JJ 4LJI o l a op+ is- 4_jas~-u "LJ -(v> t+S1 3iL3Iw 4j *(99 Wy 1995 :;)I 1 -_I~~~~~a L> oJ L -1 IL--I I oiUl l -SI OA. <;s l 91,3ifJLlltisLIJ ;S1! ! >i9 347LiJ gi"aSutdl'@XQfi :~~>X - Swi@Xwjv :5-62 a -G;y 'Uaa39 -_pL- L- JL-4 141 1 l YuDu Z-js' i1~~4J - i 'UJI !. 1 Lcje 1S x i ! -4j1--! ZjI- ~ ~ .4I J}> oJlil o <; Lii _ < j uX LLc 2 L P !.Jl 4L oM f!;J91 J l1 91 CJI-I .S1j J-v LLc ? u1 u-i 4 i1 s1 i Z~jlW > 11?,9G g; J 4)yl 9 ~~~~~~.~ Ijl 2 L)1 JL- I L-.1J 4 l1s .(5999 qy t H l+ 199 q11999)O ! sL .-J-1 >XX o5W J ., 1. i! 19$ _-S 1 J a st )Y12l jSL-- ULP a-,ilL ( t ,- 1 SIJ 1ilI 1 L Uy ,I . ii 1e JJJ L1 a a j-349 a. 1 L IJp L 1J 91 D Ijy I9 -Ll + ! , ? Q .kXl JA! 4w6.1 5:n1 > * H si, ;J 4I _D1 iJ ,ill a- Jb;>o349I I W )JJ oL_.L ziwl ~- S ;,ISI sl <:JI! ;,591 O)j,1 l J ! ,S1 d,l 4i9 L a-l) ;&L l . 3 i i -- L4i - U >o ~.LAJJl ' A li a 1 L4 ZJI 4, l ;L>l ,,2 9 H OJ yi-b +-? Ji M9 S! ,SJ i 1;S J :SL_I < si 3,U ~ ~~ L.- )2J L5 aL-lLL. A-- J -~}Lj, L .-Jl zli.4 l U.,1-- J1- 11 ui oP,3 l350 t1~~~~~Ll 4 -L-J L 1 131s(U s1 1 .O:31 uL _4>1., 1; !* Ji ^ L<-j llen 1 JI/ 1 s 1 .8lJ ;WI j6<- e3 a> 65 ~~~~~~~~~~JL CIA- U1 4 JI C >? 1 5 J i V >;ili A5~ ~ L. 9JI, 1 9LJI 5;1W jlJ iv i,, yl s wl-; 350 i4tWJ ,Ai Js- 4.Ui J,Wl J 4 J .sj .si . /9411 y * t_.L Le ,A 1-X yl1L L uG1 EUyLtLl i-~ jLX,Jl 1,J ~ Li jS j C 0 L-j I L:~~i Py. I L - J_ J 35W?y + e u t91 a 31 .l Zy ~~~~~~~~~~~Jil c Ua4 -p 9A1 IS 1 _ _Jl L , .5-0 351 ~ i140; ,J,-, ;-1 ' S e! L1 W J J 1 I J U-- - 4 _JI~ -oiL ?IL! .XW ;}1 -Ji v;;,L vf oldl i J w -! 1 ~ 4 ~ -~ ~W~ ~ ~ j ~4#l ~ L- j -2L UJ~ ~ ~ ~iW olA.z l i U - Ul L. > jj S3 L J o1 ,5 ,s,-, .r191, szu1 >U- J _ e J~ jj-0 A< 11ZL-L1 : J 1 352 L.Z - ;;I jj_LcUJ L1 J a;1 s+-Di - I y" "ez; JJ _2uco1J J v>Un 2J -5 L< . oLD 5H ucl;u 4JLe) .- A1 1 s& >N v Jwi21DOS11 JJ H 352? i}S fi- -~z 22 js 49 9 > j i 3Ji S)J #y , -4 p (J)iL~ j~) }~U 4 i 6 (ylW~ uL L9- aj (JYI Ji Ji OW J1 AL 'j'a (91J) ) i * ~~ - - J L y-W y JW j1 2 ilu S t,>l sIJyJ, < Y JL L2@(91) .>9t-J l jj. l 4 !1j t , 1995 wl l YjJ j-,J 600_ ,s J , e !.(2-8 i jj,1,^P i %aJ yli 'Ij,U - -6g j A i1 .Ao-S L6o1~U.4 kZLo1.j 1989 H_% Li i iJ +t;s Y4_c:>-I i ,J -j. -3 -y (1999 Y ; 5 - .1985 ) ) eJii Z 1 1 ,a S A l ziI -1 1c. JzUI j l!I,-) i 71 S! _ 4L1 UL I ;t_3I55 -iSl~ ~~~~~~~~1 -ili S i ; jI jJl _r (,-J994 <_ o1_ 5, U-I ( 1985 bQj :)ij JJI 4,,1 ,uz :'! L -. - J9- 16uelz -LS li-3 -1AU 355 (I )S PjL ' l C4 0 C;All jqo :~Q Wuaopt4 #+f nfr -- - pR y'-An ' rn{' S8-1' 1' \- ' F-\C-7 -t-r Wn 11+' -c l 1661' 1' { rj c aX 1661' WP4 1 c-~- - Im )%-"T" l: Yrf lr-, -: rI IY Se) 17U' I ir 1<' 4+C? i-tleflii ( I^16601f :Cs ~~~~~472l'7C+crF5 , _5r--r I7T ICIT1661), 1--X-5 1 rt tr:97 5 1 r 161 I H K r' 1-- I7--r1 IJL__-j.J oj ,-JI cLL-Ji c,MLUI l_UaiZ y 4 1 JX O-_ byS -1 j1 Ig c1 1 6LL1 29JI - J.jIY3 4 , j L'J' jij O 'JL~~ ~. l o3 JlJ * .L2f I 2 -JWWi 1 LKi 5uu ij ~~~ ~y~ j , I> ~ 4j y U LjL I:J~Jl .28 ,512_CzWl i>Al 1eS '>G iX1 'A2j_ lLju L-l 'lai -,,KL 'YWy t4J,L.I %, ~4 ;5LW !y i -y e cL+! -L 359 A~~LL _1 IyL 91 421 GJy~~~~~~~~~~~_~ GLS ,;ul I l9 UUI 461-.;i-,1L 819 wjY u 41-L-Jul JW , L X1 4S G jwl e2 i1X1Ju e~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_J\ jL . \eu Gni5 i,Yl i j~ljl- Y.iU - - 51-d!i-I u gfyersul 6,)jll ily y SJX360 i *Lt~, C- _ - L1EGA U,@l X,L1 X4%l 4LJ L,<~ ;b~~~~~~~~L1~ YQ i1 LU$1 -5 -ul -? o(ly z1J'J tLI ,;1L- c,-- LJ L,9 ui a u216y1J 5j (A I ;sxj :1i 1i 1 4 y A1(lU L!LS44L9 Sylut 4Lf ; t1361C 44 y-J -4J+9 - - 9 Jl'j LwS LJrJI K!fr11! 'z5K)J-J I-KC'A- 4 Ju>a GrW uj is - t,u1 ay ~4I ~JLsI'UA'1, Ij < iI c)- Lg -I - I 1 S 5pJI ,S1 J jo 4)jlXl l1e CJU ,6JI k),wi- y 1-6j jlAl-~ - ,j > > JLAWY (Ja1 4J, - J 1;,,-J ,y 4 LJ 4,,, 4,L 362 , G+, -i L , CL, L~~~~ ~ ~ ~ JJILJI K -S tJ I 1 362 J ia iuG1 ~~Ij+L57y1;914 jlWlxJ I . ;!ljliS1 469 19J Ga G, -'yl zj GJlpU 4l;^1tLY 91-9 y l Gill i1 iS GLiS GL6>1 ;GuX 9 i j,JO 8 J1JI 6 ~~~~~~iJ& -zj11- iij,-1 4u WI ju4, GSJI L4i j3_;e iJL;L ~ C s 11 eL-JI ll,i l - iwJLr, iln G51j c l- IL iXWGy ;14 1G!vl4,;J ,L-- j+- ) 1'W C jULll L j- t ILw I I @21 363 <~~~~~~~~~~~~~~j eJl .,,J, I, 'U1 'Ju 'ts ;J,s G IjI \ tI _J p es , G L , -J 1 iljL- C91 4 51 iGy ,4j9 N s~~~~ 4 CK -) L,:,J5I ILLSo1 j_rA' x~j i jJ 3 Q J4 G G 1S4S)2JI gEugg >ngg 1 365zL c ~ ~ ~ ~ ;1~j.lczo-~ 'J 11 JJjll cjl e 1e G ;; J $'-+& IS1 U ; 1 el 19 4_ 1 JWs G ? e1 ;j~~~"j1 41j j.G I1 &' Gzi,IJ LLJ ---8 L'l3 cg g~~ i e9 -U e4 JI) I I ~~~~~~~~_+ l J- L. j, G 9 1 ->p JuhWS T~~~~~~4% -JI 'U- JL;L7jj 'ZSJJ U-ly II F 4,1X,14 j 4J ll -, -z: aslL_Nl JI_=I ZJPM 1986 1AJ 9- JP 194 -,-J - LaLJ i ,1986 41982 jl 1989 s,J 1985 o 11979 JYI 41986 L~jU 41983 LJJ$f 4_>E w1990 CI _198 195l 91991 86 .1988 JX:1981 412L-Il J-SY 921990 6-1 J5AJ 4 1 AW21 L~Jug 4 4R i -U yL U ~+~Jp2 4L~3y 4~ 9L~ L 4j~Z~- ) . - , L) I < 3'j L JMI 4UL~,j 443~~~~ jl>4.. I^9 . 4tUJg 4)JgR 4.)KLlgW 4KrJ 9L.t 8_*g L_J 1G_ <,j' SUMG;I >1- Y SJ J S glji - _9 J9j L39 QJAJ 44 Jg g 4 ))< 4zjg l ;eI;Jy 4%J,J 4-l4UySl 49trsl 4 'Z yL~jj h1 $j Z.4g B ' 4k1 r 4zW.Ji 4Gy 4JWJ1 >tig (3 -"T -Yj U il4 4LL -rJgI 4 4jZL_Ll 44lJ /yl 4-'))l 41..L 4kUgiI 4LJA 4UWS 4.QL2I 4Lu IJIj _y~~~~~~~ <''jllsJg 368 8-1 J5AJG 91 G 'I - '- L L 'S L Ii- JI;l 2I aIy-l uIj Iw jL t - JJ WLJ M 369 Cl - - - - - -- - - - 3~~~- .Jc 3l ) 3 00j x\, ,0. - 1 I ' *i0X X3&^ ] .3 -J1 kJl 00 , g 3 g n0>0q J' | 0 nE-~~~~~~~~1i .,,,' i- i A ~~ o4j' ' 4W .j 4~4.U 6U0~ LL-j_) JL;G_r,al o-Uj C) i1 4J91fr~ 4>Jw9l .4 4L 'yLY 1 .U 4UjrL ,W 'jy 491 J1 iLyf .1 ;j22 4LLGgL i 44 4jJ 4Ld 4JE %5Y- e9< bUal414J9 L 4U9W.c !,J(3IglyU) ej~ v J t%&je 4,C) y 4U1yS 4A 4lL >J~IJ 44~l91)rJI 4LL 4O A)l..J 4Ji)5 J 4I&Je 4j4LL.-JI I-lLJ .(J 499 uSy4J+1 ij,A 4Ul1 371 ~~~ ~~~~ ~~cFrp ,~~~~~~~~~~~~Fi .71, , Kin,f' ',Ais41g 978 -lx JK 1978 ,k1 JKz c1986 -1' L. 41988 X9 X, 4161992 LL5 41992 L--.i .I41992 1y1 1983 kjja 41977-1975 JUl,_l 41992-1991 LtLU i1986/1985 LJ 1988/1987 LiuL I1987 Lt1l 41991-1990 w i1987 -J_z 41989-1988 S4=4 41992-1991 .1985 ox- ubY'8 1985 ox5 W 1- 5 i.5. ~ 41992 4-X5I jj 41977 D-l 41983 > 41990 2 aslI41978 eL l 1978 _XlJ~ c1986 uL L2 1988 .;i Su@1 41992 I-L-51992 L-J 4- 1992 LJIy.2 41983 Lj-3 1977-1975 1992-1991 IU 41986-1985 LSJ_ ;1988-1987 1I-i 41987 _ 1991-1990 e 1987 LLJA c1989-1988 iULW '1992-1991 .1985 oxlaY 1985 & 3-5 J.r,4f fiI 1~ I L-- il_ ;yL I KDscXl4 ,_,,>J~-L 4Wwl 4L 1,ifL 4b, 4J1NA 4U1 4L ly1e1 - 21 -_ygJ L--.1 U I_ I1 -A4S R SI Z ljd jL- ;1;1J ji~ ~ .5 j! LIj) .1 LI %js '-Ll di U-, Oy- 46 L 1 - S 1 1 jlql --H+i 1S j "Sul L-.L 11i L 5j'L- juLjl ;1 6 lu l a ':W- -L; IU9 LLt1 I'yi x1,14 io>l l G l 7CLJ G jj1 ^C Jl i|jeD-l -jjJ JI)j-J '1? k j iGpI < i-J-iIeD%4-I U GSJ 11 WI L-jJ"JI _41C-L -Jj, J L 1> Lj ZI -141 - , J1 Lr9 Gj'l,A b % ju ,A +t;Q L51 I4Q JJI IFX4 ,J G JI GLJI I GJW JI G1j -'j lLi ,LilJI ~~34U ,JXlL1JIZS2J 4 -5 sJS- 4u;yl Ng t,1iSll 9tj. JX .1995 u i ,~~~~~~~~~~' LJ<,iS -1 - 'S '. I. -I iUI-- 'U L 2 6ju1 i. 21 sL i )'L A - e11~~~~~~~~~~~~I. 'jjjJl J,IY CLIl,4_G )Jli).)Jll ' 'L JL1' 119'- 1f J Iy9 X1,;5, ejLre- -S G JI4I; e+J-JI j oA l 11DG; 65- JSJI . lg l ; X p < P;,375l LJ .y - l LLj .J~RJK, ;gJ 'YWyY ;JL Ge YS 1-6 J.JI J1 bLU? 11 LL ;LLL Xf 1S 1 U1 o cGL--yJI v 'L JI -1 kJr iI4j X'L- :U W- I Z4i)d 6,LJ J=I 4J>JI sllJJI ;XLAJ Il L;X1L _+sSL , ,j `-E _2 L 9 )LL1LX I u. Li 376 4&xiJ y 4, _+W 4(C)1y) >1 '6 -^iG -p3 9J-, > >-'1~~~ '6J 'L<11 : >I 9 jp. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J -I ~~~~~~J; _yqL $1, - 1-61 4_c I . I *u ! 'LL1j ij- IJ L< U-9 9X J (jI ~ .5elj gl_Xc) -,2j - U 1l U1l iI2._ - L- , L5 y,3 L - Y&7 ~~-&Y' ~ IJL ~ jj.)UL-J GJJjlJI L1 H f ~~~~~~~~~-4r4jI: Z,_i o ; t ,WI Gg L--J I i91 U ZJy I,4 I41S JI, ^4lS 377 Fr5C' S'i1 ' 1r'. -4,1' i 1 pr"4 1CID i -n? : r4jl '5 r 17[-@' m'17t1' [141 1-5 4-1 I- ) rr: rrc, r:l> Hw l ?l fSC7' 1&f1c(' 1c[' +1-m&' <' 1~~~~r-, rrv I~~~~~~~~~~~~~j J9 LgSl zA\ '6,ji -1,ij&4JI G5-J9y L +Gk Lj L (<;JAI~~~J i_lbl JIs jlal X,i,1,4,il-l -a_,91 0ILj ILAJ-) iLL-JI y d2jy 9 1g9 1q) i} ij -_1 O ~Lyij Io ju' J2-,Jk i-rt1 i! 1 i<> i~~,,L-. yL- .J i,,ly - j21 IJ; JJ gejjy be e gW -0I 9U o--5 iI9 G~~~~~~~~~~~jAlrlu UI 4 ell J--> Jij- sj, y9 | * - i4 NJI G9379\ 4H ,1G t- j; , : - 7 Ko i I ~ a I~ U a ' . { ik ' t, ti IT.* iK (2)o pi~ui ,9Q w2>" - 9 *I1Aw oww^ w 1 y. i JvWI Jg 4 c o1A1 , zL)i~' 191 ci.1995 j1 1 Uy9 L~~(1992 '1986) LL~~~cUJ .I~;9~~ l~~~~' -~~~~~~~- ~~~~I U ga + 3yi, + Xy2 + 6t + OT, + -, J,I 8l ot :t39 U j 1 W' 2S1 4 JcU j *Y 1995 ClJI o~~'~.QL.U S J.t{ oy 4! .) 4m J! s1 O+ 1!S jAjI (1992 ,1986)1 Ip,s "4j=NI jij-ll _tAi :Riti I I -i L) a5l j,1~ L) L- D4JssJ u t,bJ ;_Ala^ -JI it Y a 4 4 ji I 382 t~~~ iS ,rl~ ~~~oiJy jAlo 4...W j-J 1S d 41J-JI, j l Z,Jl. > QLJsJpUl ~ ~ ~ ~ -d jLJ1,d -d ; L>Jy r -0.3163 0.0597 0.9787 0.4176 (-4.086) (2.643) (7.296) (5.461) 0.0191 -0.0031 -0.0528 -0.0224 ' J-, (3.897) (-2.387) (-6.535) (-5.013) 6Y 0.0970 0.0177 0.0934 0.0641 v i-y (7.745) (6.730) (5.673) (5.262) 0.28 0.38 0.57 0.51 R2 287 265 286 277 , , '1985'1970 '1985 '1980 '1985 '1980 1985'1980 1995 1990 1997 1990 1995 1990 1995 1990 Pi Lo ,L 20 '9 - v o ."" t2J51 J 0.90 ; W1 Jil 1 S L~,y.i A1 Gj L; i o l\ d, Suy I Lr C S X r, ;i5 a.,),oyl1o .6W 1 'Y UA- , 6 91j -. jW cz S . IJJxJU OK1 jL> J JJ jW J -4.238 4.8793 12.2932 28.2619 ,ji (-4.155) (4.357) (1.982) (3.794) 0.0253 -0.2399 -0.5476 -1.4343 ,,g' i (3.945) (-3.592) (-1.446) (-3.284) Wy. 0.1411 1.322 4.204 4.7352 uei 6 l + (8.431) (8.359) (5.194) (4.899) 0.30 0.62 0.35 0.44 R 2 287 265 286 277 '1985'1975 '1985'1980 '1985 '1980 '1985'1980 1995 '1990 1997 '1990 1995 '1990 1995 '1990 384 l~~~~~~~~LJj j |~-j 9 ,? j;l ; -L t 4 ij fi*P 91 -1J21 1 f~Q~L J5o?oJg 7yi)L 9-- 385 -,ijJL<15j -,,p syS'-ul -! u )J o JJI ?e z Li QAIhLikJI Jua sJ 2-6 JI L o ; 4-6 j 3-6 ! 2-6 jKY - 3-6 1 LA WAY ; @ VI 6 &.. P 4#uL1aJ Jj2l LJI ,wi 1991 68 85 1985 Lir 1991 ea! *>t;- ...... 1 9Agj t 1986'1987 rl 1999 87 74 -1994'1991,1990 1994 1Y 64 87 1989 LJr Lu. et 1995 J 61 85 1990 UYy- 1989 '87-1985 LU-Jl 1999 87 75 -1994 '92-1991 ,ti eJJ2 Jlou- jj,wTj rAw 74 60 1970 u 64 63 1970 w 1998 - 2u; j>-9XJi 45 60 1972 u-s 1975 >"> jUJ,l ,lX73 64 1980 1Ls 1995 67 67 1980 Wu. 1998 ,ei '-5 75 66 1985 LL- 1995 79 64 1986 usw 1995 75 75 1989 ULS 1996 ,7x1 gjL E I J o- -) Js 71 72 1990 Lus 1998 388 ,fi i1 1A 199853 62 1990 uf 4 J~~- 1998 -iJ<,15 X 84 67 1991 S- 1995 - -8 49! - 1999 8 5 7 5 -94-19921S stclJI 1 999 ",1996 68 80 1980 0,Ud ,'ij ' .1J1 75 72 1980 , ,'~~~ 1996 ,ei i , <: r 88 68 1983 ,ji 1998 4 ,ti iaSj, C-_f1.1 ziF 91 68 1989 1998 &- ia 1 ^1 - e-J77 74 1990 -,i2 1996 't J J 1996 81 83 1990 S ">' 1996 77 74 1990 !JWS 1996 xUlc 88 67 1994 - tJI 1998 3 389 isS1 jeM'1 1999 l 55 87 1995 ,1 ;sS1 reyl 1999 l, 61 82 1995 S ;sS1,tyl 2ACj999 88 73 -93-1985 LCd1 Jv1,>'1 ~~1999 vz, 83 70 1995 LLll 431y '9j , I 999 l, 59 80 1995 z9 1y ;9x __ 2C! b1996 8 94- 1993 z>1,>91~,r.5- PAC 83 80 1988, 1986, S>1W oWLU14a1y ~1999 -1994-1992 1990 GSSULI ,LU1 961998 104 79 9 S1 LU1,ti ~~1999 J , 94 84 1995 L1)LW 4cPLJI ,i 1996 CJ 5 511968 sUUI 4CL28 i ~1996 ,, 5 571978 iLUU 431/ it5! '~- 1996 >, 4 591988 UU 431/ i9! 6 2 : J ' 93 43 -94-1993 U oLr,L-I I 999933 -31 ;9^ -> J< ^> ~~~62 76 89 -1988 Lujj> otclJI 1 999 431/ ;9! z -o oLPLJI 1999 61 67 1974 r ~LJI 1981 J- juLa2Jj 64 83 1981 e 1999 431? ;Lz! :-- je_,:,! 64 83 1991 -EJI 1999 1 iaSj ~o J, ,>t 103 81 1994 aWL,2L- 1999 > S , _@S! >) 50 62 1987 , oWL' J I 1999 8j ;J$ULI LULLI >6, e*+ 7 5 7 9 19911 < 1998 4A-JI a 1999 102 69 994-1985 zA1,eNl ~jj,---Tj-< 93 84 1991 osa 4.Ll 1999 +K xt I 53 83 1994 o L 1998 y 4jl? @zv _> 1999 , lj9 64 76 1995;oJv4i 391 LAJI (i)6 > JJ S 1988 57 61 1980 J< ^ >6 ow;sJl s as ,i 97 67 1999 9 94-1985 okuJI J~J44 70 1987 o-xAl 4d ~~L~AJ 1994 iC.j- L 2LJI ,Ai 2J 1 -^ i73 69 1987 ;-sA a 1992 iJLJ1 J2Ul 4' ,ry 1 992 62 65 1985 j'D 5 g,' 1992 J=J oLJI ,ei * 89 1989 s9 2000 \ iS as,L-J* 98 1995 'D 20007 6 18 J;Y EY 19Q- 76 63 1989 yLiE 1992 K KK Jl :1-, 1991 113 30 1970 ,TYI J,> 1991 ~10 50 1970S4l 1991 1999 L * 50 1981 -iW' zr, L-J I ,Ai 199 S ! 89 70 1989 yjijl 1992 L 's-' uti * 200063 1989 4iW' 2000 392 LJ,t i 1999 J,L * 54 1990 j ZPLJI ~,9 * 67 1995 k 2000 o ~' :~- 1999121 84 93 -1992 6,L4 1999 sL.JI ,ei 1999 ?4L, * 68 1980 J0 J ZPLJI 1999 , - * 71 1987 JXJ jse_ 1992 + , 114 71 1987 L 2~LJI ,-& 1999 , * 89 1990 L4AJ1 oL:,i 99, y * 101 1996JLz6 1999 95 101 1996 L-J a OJi &c4J1 199716 80 1985 j~JI 1997 rw91 ot_JI 9--! ' ~~~112 80 1985 ~ 1995 tjj-js JL-; 1992 47 88 1987 s~i 2;LJI ,>i 1999 _,jL. * 67 1984 Lo Jf <5s,i'l ,>yl 1992 L 85 84 1988 yirf 1992 2A;Jl ,>i 1999 , * 70 1990 Y-yf ~AsLI ,>i 1999 , * 90 1980 L-r aL.JI I 1999 , * 97 1989 JLr 93 81 1989 1992 ;L.JI ,>i 2000 88 1989 L J J 97 731 jv 1999 -1994' 1992 43 66 1987 j 1992 - 119 78 1990 'j 1999 t31y itSx C - - J>Sj >W 97 84 9-9 p 1992 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 9-19 1992 r>z! 45 77 1989 :l ~aI i J>LJ z1;k 58 45 1990 k 1997 ~L~Ji ,.'-i 1999 wr* 65 1986 r 147 81 1989 r 1992 ~,--- ~UJI i ' 1999 Wr* 68 1990 r 1999 ' 95 75 94-1988 u9 ;,u1 ~1 999 1999 l 77 80 1994 L .xxI JL.- 1996 > 74 56 88 - 1987 1 _ Ju;- 1996 ,yJ, 66 51 88-1987-l.W j-d1 JL-" 1996 J 66 39 1980 K 1 394 _X91 Jus ~1996 be, 78 39 1980 ;S JI uti ~1999 ,- *56 1986 ,x ,)-d JL-C 1996 e,> 6 41990 ,x X JL- 1996 Je 81 50 1990 ,xPl Jp ,el 1999 L,,2j 60 1992 ,x1~~ ,j c-__ 1998 : 48 71 1992 L --;ju C7 _ 9fi-> 109 73 -94 - 1993 JW<_ oWLJI~1 999 ;9- '8 1992 ae, ~~~119 58 1989 SL4J 1996 , 127 76 1988 iU >31^ t9! _> 2A&, t 118 75 94 -1991hJn 1999 aI vai 84 79 1994 YL.y 1999 ,LZ a L-j 7I 84 79 1994 i, 1999 _0L! ts1y 9J:~~~- s6 ~ 99 69 2Jl, 1999 94-1991 aLL j i!?! bL_A; 118 72 1994 _ 1996 104 78 94 - 1991 L 1999 'r tJi ~~~1997 2S 85 73 1989 L l,w 9jx 1986 &' 56 64 1982 C,-I ;JIy 396 (uS) H O~~~;ULJ tbJUV ,tyl iS :__ iL1JYe, i, 84 62 1989 c---,J Gjly sasU1 1994 G, L~~~~ ~~ ~~ 17 7 5 1971 Lj> isAl ~1991 ,8E1 i, 21 t999 X ~4 86 1980 1 i5>1 199 GLJI ,ai 1999 ?jL *74 1980 -LU; jeLbil ~1996 j, 70 84 1980 -Ll j+;l ~~1996 j, 85 90 1989 -LL ouz1,ei ~1999 z * 80 1990 <-Ly jLl Jui 9X- ^! ~~74 72 1992 L-sil 1999 oaSU1,eNl~ Y j99 77 74 1989 se,U LJI ,ei ~1999 e * 87 1981 rt,;jj jse_Nl ,eNl t999 X ~95 77 1989 ?: a- LJ i 1999 z * 93 1990 -)t,jj aS, cro ~1998 ss; 65 74 Ll .((Oaxaca) 1973) 6-LSlJl 3 J J _t s L-J tJ) y J .y JL-E) 4lgI, :i j ( L lJI i iLL6 100 -A> j <,I X y 397 ii$~(t~) Ij ~~b ~4 1999 Jiu J~~J -~ 4L 91-1 U J* IK 1 { 9)-i 1 kLJ t 14 _- L owj - 199lpj8l 81l *JW 9 ~ -, . K %1 Jfi u Y a 1997 3.19 *~~~o *s 919~- 9i &J,ic 4 00 sl .juj-p~ ~ ~~~,L 4LX1i 4-a ~~~1a@3J91 14& ; es.JI ,l Jf,51 1997 j ,LJ j j)19 A o1 o;J91! cIjjS S Fi~~~~J- uryl JlLi 5400 lOt, f-T -~'r~ fC-~ c-jo ~ ,-=Wr~ ^-f- Ir-5 Vf * ? ; - -v - If l r L661~ ~ ~ mi- I:S f I' 75- , m ? e eF - *'e err rc - yE,~~ I F>r CI< WIHf l,qr ; l -? : q -i p [S1 e8J=lvH9W1b V- ! + >12j> v C1 S ~~~~402L1y ^y j - J jL-I 3j Jj 1til t f21 ^, A S o1 1 9Jaf, , 2iiJl. 1ljlS L5- tb J I Ll,6 j 1 9 94 J3~ A U - a 9, j y , W j'l_ _1 ;JjJ ji JJ jrj Jil 1 9ll ^,__t I z i:jJrl 4.L>J i,JZ , 1 4-f l ; ~~~ j~~~~ ~~~~sw j ju,~ ; 91 z!JI 3 ;K+il 1 9f Jb sL; ill z" i; _F 1993 l LJi~~~L, 403 J-L~ ~ ~j 1990~U JL~~~~~~6~~~~o11 ujJL 'J Z-A>Lb JIj -~U- 4 - -u~ ~J ~9~20 J ~J -~~j 'Z,' ~~~~~~JL tLLj9l ks J4-l 1y 2,a997l L~~~~~ ~~~~< zi ;LJ5 ,-y i , yi Ai J 199 404 -u- '9i ___9 W: i j _ - ,iaJl _, ,u ji J%- 16 a,> iz, 14 i;Ivx.,i_! i91 ;,jL J 121 \1 _ juLy o e Y! .i~~_, 1 999 . .t 1 91a ,.a_u1 a .e ll Lif y ,'u1 .. ~~iy Y- y! oLll 3 21 1 H40 Wi - J L ~ (~~b 1998 98 .j ,i jl26 aSI J L:W zI i;t (uU 40l 6L-L jbl k!l eJl Lgu)ij ;E -J JL- 1> -Lj ;" i0- ~~~~~L, jL..Jl :s 95 4A-J jLsl 199 J~~~~~~L _j "! '1S 9 lSA J - ~~~~J1 ~~~,u 8Lj -6 ki1LJ!X k a.JS OL iSk p o LaW DJ W; 406 JHlJ; '91lLj- ],Jl 9 1i> Jj~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. zfi .4;U>S 9Ll , 1 jJ -',i J > 1996 86 ,> LI. >,i& L: S ri p ,,UW Jl y 3 > (1, lsg y ,y l986 ol ~ ~ ~~4~j NJI JSJI J! )J21C ? IJ407 uyl<;i8il F -18)p Opt UW L LJ > # ;D J <5iiJI2000 )'J ,gJ=-~ J~ -J y LilJ,sl1 ,~4 L l 3 1 F J; > jlJ jJf S1 > je, ssl - ~~1999 408 (5) to-i 1~ IEo tl I 6ii J1 ,WW -AI O2 1 _ijJ :WKW - 1-6 j-UaJI C :tjj sa-fJlI i es 1990 Ls Ya1 40 < J LjyL ) 0 j~~~~~ -~~~~L- I 1 j < ;y L yl ,j ey, 1 Ko1j. d- i - j N U?; a+-t S L -J OJe- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. (5) J2 .Z i .-LSJ 41vL I Okyl ;.,y a UL3 .1 19 1. l 1:A -\!4114?J Ul(19879 Slwi ~~~J-i y) r OL A S1Ji 1j-4 L? -L; oz~~~~~~~_ L jsl s u iJ lX i.18 L5r _Ujil Xw1i 6e,)S1 , ;ti5Io6:S Z__JU i.(1997,1996 1 -L JJ I C U -, *(1994 ,. LjI 410 ji ~ ~ ~ *jJ @4:S,y G JU..uI WjL J-1, JL&I 8Lly~i Jf.L I 1.1 25.7 79.8 91.4 44.0 66.2 J 0.8 15.9 84.0 106.8 39.4 61.0 3.8 9.8 66.4 81.3 46.3 52.4 (1 999,1997) 1j-dl ~lJ >~ :,L-i S; -L. - L+19uS-> lyl (1997) Jjjxj iJ j 1 - & #- ,j -=- - rp .:-L :_ -l 4()1999,1977) 1j-dl '(1999) 411 b~ bc tL L 't tQ , % G. r bL5 1 [ rr ~ I e t- 'e :S 00 '.-, ' .. Z t [ t F _ K~~~Qt ) G Y6u1 ;5;vvtt > X ' t-D > 'W' (L Z h- Y k c, Y C f a- 1 W W; [P~~~~~~~~~~~~( * L t V t - A k r Z vl 9 C kb W S r r~I Kkjk c1; t| ^k | 0~ ~~- c;(.1L.S X rc (2 E a E t i _ F Ct j f j4 j yl S y juil ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2.0 3.3 180.7 306.0 73.7 53.6 Y~jt i 1.9 3.3 125.3 218.3 79.7 61.9 15.1 30.6 630.1 1278.0 70.7 75.6 \5.i ~JUi .l.Ji , f2i I~ , :2 JI A3 OJI~ 'W3 100 (1978 $$Y xIA -J ( (JL) j 9 413 j V v_w4JgaXl j1;vA uYI t8v t oD6~~~j ;S1,1JvlOS9 S + ul 1_ iS 413 .JUb '' L^t2l ' U aIU j4L, 1 L.p fj :zJaul jL3L,J1 L JZJLUFi 415 &S 19 A u1S i1f6 U-- sU 1 10 izJ1! +1~~~~~~~~~ij a; -(-YU5 J~ L~,Ji L 1 H l Ldky i, . ( 1 S1 < e 1 .(eL, j 5eS iaLl+ *3 I, j ZL i + 1 Ld si- ,jbAl z < ];J JjJlil 3 ,<,1 zxi >S1 ;? 1 - ,c~~~~'lI ji ,, 9.3 86 1995 c; , Wl iy 1~~~~,l Z XZ >1 j J-l 1-6 j 5 &d5 j .1997 Ca,J-& .1995 21 i YJ 4000 -)Wi,,i1 ,;>-Yl 1a1Xj u1 z 1 < 1!all ;(1992,1986) Dj. _9 o8l 11 > ;IJL-~ 1e kjL 44 1 as<1 v.l 414 j ~~~ ~~ ~~Gj L4 'j .L u ;La t-.K L Y jiLU ;Ac,1 J Us - J .44' ;L- .. 1LJI JL -21 Jyl X 93 JWc j! , J y11 I 9 5. 1 9 - J lj'j-I 765c 4L 4jJI A 615 j5 j .1997 ~~~~~~~~J Dl.1>, e1W9xiz ? alji 1 415~~~*z>1 X s3 -LJl zCA -i J,Ji c s3 J j - :J.JW1 P - ~~~1995 2 J~ j,, 9385, ,, 766 a U -, l 1997 9Lp j1 L - 1 iy 4j JLWC , .(1 JfJ j vc 4 Wj X c 31 l~~~~J jj L.-v 2z -i - 2151a- Z-tH9 J.,Sl Z-a 1i 1 . i(1998) $15l - ZS'l J 2 ,LSLzL 'J96 4LJb 4L1- 4-19 ojo u1z .JL l L , l I 0 J3 -4 Jl j* j1 O G Ji 1 2 4 4- s \ - 91 i 6 3 ) ? 400 i 4J9 .(1996) ,? e Ul W .y A J3 1 30 416 A 'o-~L5 ij i 4L5)j j 4 jy IDJ o Ji ? U+1 1 J 1 tAJ L u vo ,8:JIugl~L Z. Z1tUa!9 Ja 1 >XU o -) sJ ,U j L) , J I L. 4e-Utl J. ~~Ij -jUI ( ,I LL 1J --il J I LLW;I 80.JSl~ij 3ilI v vli v oI,LJI ^l vJ iLWi 83 ........................................................................................................................................... ;L ~ 99.&..-j.JI Jia~ ~j~WI V VLv il 991 ........................................... ........... i l , S ; 12 ............................................... ., a ; Y 1: - I 122.- - - e ll5 131 ,ji c 14 1 ............................ I c - -IXnlj 1 1_{v UlJ.LY YIj 14 4 ........ .............................................................. .: IjI xJlj . 1 Y I I> 41 149.. . " ll e9a1 161 ..................................................... .................. j I ^.YL 179 .. ... :;L1 _,I- 1 419 195 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 89 1 9 1 ........................... ............................. .............. ... ; e YI .,19 . j - ill 1 19 5 -- ----.................... .------... .. ........................................ ......... .......... ...I ... SL A L. 19 7 ....................... .................... ...... ............ . .; 11, I J I 4 . VG)I 200 ................. SYIl JLW. t7nj:fl ypvi a ^1>sjl 12 vL 213 . ............................. .~ U ZI I "L.. I :k 2II j,ilj k 235 ..... . ........ .... l... ............. ^ s-JJ &.VI i JA 238 ...J... .Ji........................... JI1 i _.- 249 . ......L.. J.il .. >... 1 l.....J.i j:..ii.,i - 255 ...4........ Z Ui .1 aI iyJl & jy<)1 I a 257 99...-Y I .I .-.1L.J ....I SEJI 3 g V 262 ii iL......................... 1 gL - mJA 2 9 9 .......................................... 304 . JL... IJ f JIJ..I v yI bL. .I J y;i IJ.LI & J .L.JI Cfi 320. L.-JI J1y 1 i SIi s1 ~L~JI J .i 4tO ji~ i JA7 @;1 320 5.. .1 1 SJ i L'iI * L 2JI JydI O fL 0 3 4 9 ............................... ................................................... & f i d bJ.'I 357 . ... .... .......................... Sj l_aJl I l _e~ Ls:; J_qjI l Y 381 ..........................................L I J ssVX _ ,L u YI ,1;1: 387 ... J..j. y; ..i.I - JL?iIj fL 1WI 1A (t) eJ 399 ...... ...................... ............. .............. l I J I (o) e 409.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 4 0 9 ............................................................................................................................. 4 14 .. ........................................ ................. ........... u ,L i*L, ^, L 1 420 Z jJ~ ;<- 'j j a' j 'ji; ' )t , j , j s 4 , s , 1 ) A 'I '' ''a' ' X 'S , ',;l-2 I 1 , X ,) :) DJ J'i G = , * t; s i 4) 5 -, n - 71 Z-J > A o LO 1i111~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- z ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c K I $1 1. z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L