23620 CGIAR GENDER PROGRAM WORKING PAPER, NO. 9 CGIAR HUMAN RESOURCES SURVEY: 1991, 1994 Key Observations on International Staffing with a Focus on Gender Prepared by Deborah Merrill-Sands CGIAR Secretariat World Bank Washington, D.C. October 1995 LIST OF WORKING PAPERS Working Paper, No. 1: Status of Internationally-Recruited Women in the International Agricultural Research Centers of the CGIAR; Deborah Merrill-Sands and Pammi Sachdeva; October 1992. Working Paper, No. 2: Spouse Employment in Organizations Around the World: A Toolkit for Developing Policies and Practices; Madelyn Blair, December 1992. Working Paper, No. 3: Spouse Employment at IRRI: A Case Study; Deborah Merrill-Sands; March 1993. Working Paper, No. 4: Strengthening the Recruitment of Women Scientists and Professionals at the International Agricultural Research Centers: A Guidelines Paper; Sarah Ladbury; October 1993. Working Paper, No. 5: Recruitment Resources in Europe: A List of Professional Organizations; Stella Mascarenhas-Keys and Sarah Ladbury; October 1993. Working Paper, No. 6: Filipino Women Scientists: A Potential Recruitment Pool for International Agricultural Research Centers; ISNAR and PCARRD; October 1993. Working Paper, No. 7: Recruitment Resources in the United States: A List of Professional Organizations; Bonnie Folger McClafferty and Deborah Merrill-Sands, January 1994. Working Paper, No 8: Inventory of Gender-Related Research and Training in the CGIAR, 1990-1995; Hilary Sims Feldstein with Alison Slack, October, 1995. CGIAR GENDER PROGRAM WORKING PAPER, NO. 9 CGIAR HUMAN RESOURCES SURVEY: 1991, 1994 Key Observations on International Staffing with a Focus on Gender Prepared by Deborah Merrill-Sands CGIAR Secretariat World Bank Washington, D.C. October 1995 CGIAR Human Resources Survey Key Observations on International Staffing with a Focus on Gender, 1991 and 1994 Introduction In August 1991, the CGIAR Gender Program carried out a human resources survey of internationally-recruited staff in the centers with gender disaggregated data.' At the request of the Director Generals, we conducted the same survey in early 1995 in order to monitor changes that had occurred between 1991 and 1994. Below we summarize the key observations emerging from the recent analysis with respect to: 1) the profile of international staff as a whole; and 2) the profile of female as compared to male staff. The Annex includes charts comparing the 1991 and 1994 data as well as summary tables from 1991 and 1994. These are useful data for understanding dynamics in the staffing of the CG System as well as its current human resource capacity. Profile of Internationally-Recruited Staff - 1991 and 1994 (Tables 1, 2; Charts 1 - 3) 1. Size (Tables 1, 2). The total number of internationally-recruited staff (including visiting scientists, postdoctoral fellows, and associate experts) in 1994 was 1224. This represents a 1% increase from the 1206 recorded 1991 but it also includes two additional centers -- ICLARM and CIFOR. It is interesting to note that if the comparison is limited to the 16 centers that were included in the 1991 survey, the number of internationally-recruited staff has declined by 3% in the face of the funding crisis that has affected the CG System since 1991. 2. Staff categories (Charts 1 & 2). The relative percentage of internationally-recruited staff who are senior scientists has dropped from 44% in 1991 to 35% in 1994, representing a loss of 136 senior scientists. At the same time the share of less experienced associate scientists, postdoctoral fellows, and associate experts has increased from 19% to 29%. This shift is reflected in the experience levels of the scientists: in 1991 only 9% of the staff had 5 years or less experience post-Msc while in 1994 this group had increased to 17%. Similarly, the number of nationally-recruited scientists (not in international posts) has increased dramatically from 189 in 1991 to 450 in 1994 (Chart 2). In total, there has been a reduction of 9% in the number of internationally-recruited scientists across all levels, dropping from 956 to 871.2 The management cadre has increased from 18% to 20% of intcrnationally-rccruited staff (N.B. some of these are also scientists). The growth has been in middle management, most likely reflecting the increased use of matrix management in the centers. The proportion of 1 staff in administrative and program support positions has remained constant at 8% between 1991 and 1994. While the number of management, administration, and program support positions has increased modestly from 339 to 353, the number of scientific staff. as noted above, has decreased. 3. Other human resource indicators. With respect to all other key indicators, change has been minimal in the three years despite the major changes that have affected the CG System. Interestingly, in spite of the increased emphasis on biotechnology and natural resource management in the System, there has not been any significant changes in the disciplinary composition of the centers' staff. The disciplinary areas most widely represented include crop sciences (35% of staff), biological sciences (17%), social sciences (15%), and forestrv and other natural resource management disciplines (11%). There have also not been any significant changes in the tenure of staff. With respect to regional representation. there has been a slight increase from 43% to 45% of internationally-recruited staff from the South. There has also been a slight increase in the percentage of single staff, probably reflecting the constraints to hiring dual career families. 4. Variability across centers (Chart 3). Changes in international staffing levels have varied widely across the centers. Centers that have registered a decrease of more than 15% include: CIMMYT, CIP, IFPRI, ILRI-ILRAD3, and INIBAP. Centers with significant growth of 15% or more include: ICARDA, ICRAF, IPGRI. 5. Overall trends. In sum, the data indicate that downsizing in the number of international staff, from the perspective of the CG System as a whole, has been modest in the last three years. On the other hand, they also suggest a marked change in the profile of staff. The downsizing has been carried out at the expense of senior scientific staff. Centers have compensated by hiring less experienced international scientists and by increasing the number of locally-recruited scientists. Profile of Female Internationally-Recruited Staff, 1991 and 1994 (Tables 1, 2; Charts 4 - 8) 1. Proportion of international staff (Chart 4). There has been a modest increase in the number and relative percentage of female internationally-recruited staff since 1991. The number of women has increased 19% from 145 to 173 and women now comprise 14% of international staff as compared to 12% in 1991. This is a positive change given that the international staff cadre in the CG System has not expanded significantly since 1991. In total, the number of women in the CG System has increased 45% since 1988. 2. NManagement (Chart 4). There has been a modest increase in the relative percentage of women in management positions. Women now comprise 8% of middle and senior level managers as compared to 5% in 1991. The number of women in senior management positions (Director-level and above) has increased from 2 to 5 and for the first time there is a female Director General. 3. Staff categories (Chart 4) . The percentage of women senior scientists has held constant at 9%. Surprisingly, the share of women in the associate (more junior) scientist category 2 dropped markedly from 23% to 12%. The share of women in the associate expert category (Msc. level) also declined. This change is difficult to explain since the supply of women is greater at these levels of experience. In contrast, the percentage of female postdoctoral fellows has risen from 18% to 23%, a level which is in line with supply. The most dramatic increase in the proportion of women has occurred among the administrative and program support staff. The percentage of women has increased from 24% to 32%. This would be expected since the pool of female trainers, administrators, and information specialists is larger than that of senior scientists in agriculture. 4. Variability across centers (Charts 5 and 6). The representation of women varies markedly across the centers: at one extreme there are two centers (INIBAP and WARDA) with no female internationally-recruited staff while in others, women comprise 20% of their international staff (IITA and ICRAF). Twenty-five to thirty percent is a reasonable target given the representation of women in the pools from which the centers recruit. Ten of the 16 centers for which there is comparative data have increased the percentage of women among their international staff since 1991; four have experienced declines. 5. Disciplines. With respect to disciplines, there has been a marked increase in the percentage of women in crop sciences (20% to 25%) and in the environmental/resource management sciences (2% to 6%). Women continue to be heavily represented in the social and economic sciences, comprising one quarter of scientists with advanced degrees in this area. In 1991, it had been expected that the centers would recruit more biological and cellular scientists and that this would create more opportunities for women in the CG System since women comprise 30% to 40% of the scientists in these fields world wide. This has not occurred, however. The percentage of staff with this area of specialization has remained constant and women comprise only 14% of these staff. 6. Region of origin. The large majority of women (73%) still come from North America and Europe. This compares with 46% of the men. This suggests that the centers need to strengthen their ability to tap into the expanding pool of women from developing countries. 7. Retention/tenure. Women appear to be staying at the centers once hired. Although two- thirds of the women, compared to about half of the men, have tenures of less than four years, this likely reflects women's recent entrance into the CG System more than higher turnover rates. Since 1991, there has been a marked increase from 10% to 21% in the percentage of women with 7 or more years employment in the centers. Moreover, the turnover rate of women in 1994 was only modestly higher than that of men -- 14% compared to 12.5%. This indicator is particularly important in a period of downsizing when women, who are generally among the more recent hires, are often more vulnerable to staff cuts than men. 8. Marital status. The most striking difference between men and women in the CG System is their family situations. In 1994, only 44% of the women were married with their spouse residing with them, compared to 82% of the men.; and only 42% of the women had children compared to 81% of the men. Moreover, the percentage of women who are married with their spouses in residence has dropped from 48% in 1991. This undoubtedly reflects the growth in dual career families and the differential impact of constraints to spouse 3 employment on women. It also likely reflects the younger age of women in the centers compared to men 9. Recruitment (Charts 7 & 8). Many centers have made active efforts in recent years to tap into the expanding pool of women scientists and professionals and mobilize applications from women. These efforts are reflected in the increase in the application rate from women for international posts from 8% in 1992 to 11% in 1994.4 While the percentage is well below the share of the pool made up by women in many of the disciplines from which the centers draw, the figures do indicate progress. The rate of applications in 1990 was only 4%. The average rate of applications from women is highly variable across the centers with the highest being 25% and the lowest being 4%. The largest increase in rate of applications was for management positions (an increase from 6% to 11%) and in the associate scientist category (8% to 13%). The appointment rate of women remains positive. Women comprised 40% of the staff appointed to the new positions reported in the 1995 survey compared to 26% of those reported in 1992.5 The appointment rate of women to senior scientist positions was 25% in 1994, similar to the 23% reported in 1992. As noted earlier, it is surprising, given the supply, that the appointment rate of women to associate scientist positions has been low at 9%, compared to 31% in 1992. The appointment rate of women also varies markedly across the centers, ranging from 0 to 63% of appointees.6 Other Human Resource Categories: Level of Female Participation 1. Boards7. There has been a dramatic increase in the percentage of women on the Boards from 10% to 17%. Women are also well represented in leadership positions. Thirty-five percent of the female trustees now serve as Board Chairpersons, vice-chairpersons, or sub-committee chairpersons compared to only 16% in 1991. In 1991 there were no female Board Chairs compared to four in 1994. This is a positive development which should facilitate the recruitment of women into the CG System in the future. 2. Trainees (Chart 4). The percentage of Ph.D. trainees who are women has increased from 22% to 26% which is in line with the supply of agricultural scientists in many disciplines relevant to the CGIAR. The percentage of women participating in short courses at the centers has also increased from 13% to 18%.8 3. National scientists (Chart 4). It is interesting to note that with the growth in the numbers of locally-recruited scientists hired at the centers, there has also been a marked increase in the percentage of female national scientists, increasing from 18% to 31%. Women also comprise 19% of locally-recruited senior managers and administrators. This brings into question the conventional wisdom that the supply of female scientists in many developing countries is severely constrained. 4 Notes I The data from the 1991 survey were reported in D. Merrill-Sands and P. Sachdeva, Status of Internationally-Recruited Women in the International .4gricultural Research Centers of the CGIAR: A Quantitative Perspective. CGIAR Gender Program Working Paper No. 1. CG Secretariat. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.. 1992. 2 Does not include scientists in middle and senior management positions. 3 Note ILCA and ILRAD reported data separately as did IPGRI (formerly IBPGR) and [NIBAP in order to make the data comparable with that collected in 1991 4 The data on recruitment comes from the analysis of a survey carried out in 1992. It is reported in S. Ladbury, Strengthening the Recruitment of WIomen Scientists and Professionals at the International Agricultural Research Centers: A Guidelines Paper. CGIAR Gender Program Working Paper No. 4. CG Secretariat, The World Bank. Washington, D.C., 1993. 5 Refers to only the 16 centers for which data was available in 1991. When ICLARM and CIFOR are included, the appointment rate drops to 26%. 6 The high rate of appointment for women at ICARDA reflects the hiring of five teachers for their international school. 7 Data is drawn from the CGIAR: The Boards of Trustees of the International Agricultural Research Centers, Trustee Directory, CGIAR Sccrctariat. The World Bank. Washington D.C., 1991, 1994. 8 Does not include data from ISNAR. 5 6 ANNEXES Charts Chart 1: Percent of Internationally-Recruited Staff by Category - 1991, 1994 Chart 2: Number of Internationally-Recruited Staff by Category - 1991, 1994 Chart 3: Number of Internationally Recruited Staff by Center - 1991, 1994 Chart 4: Percentage of Women by Category of Staff, Boards, Trainees, and Consultants - 1991, 1994 Chart 5: Number of Female Internationally-Recruited Staff by Center - 1991, 1994 Chart 6: Percent of Female Internationally-Recruited Staff by Center - 1991, 1994 Chart 7: Women as Percent of Applications for Internationally-Recruited Posts - 1991/2, 1994 Chart 8: Women as Percent of Staff Appointed to International Positions by Center - 1991/2, 1994 Tables Table 1: 1994 Survey Summary Table 2: 1991 Survey Summary 7 8 Chart 1: Percent of Internationallv-Recruited Staff by Category - 1991, 1994 45% __ __ 40% r Total % Staff-1991 *Total % Staff-1994| 35% - 30% 25%I = 20% 0. 15%. 10%j i I ] u Sr. Mgt. Mid Mgt. Sr. Sci. Jr. Sci. Post Doc. Visit Sci. Assoc. Exp. Admn/Prog. Support Categories Chart 2: Number of Internationally-Recruited Staff by Category - 1991, 1994 600 0 | Total # Staff-1991 Total# Staff-1994 500 400 0 ; 300 200 100 0 Sr. Mgt. MidMgt. Sr. Sci. Jr. Sci. Post Doc. Visit Sci Admn/Prog. National Sci. Support Categories 9 Chart 3: Number of Internationally-Recruited Staff bv Center - 1991, 1994 CIFOR C IM M Y T Ill Il'll1 - hi I I I'' lli!lli!!l!illl'ilW ! Illlli!!l!!'l!! 1 Hill:illlil!i|i1 ili ;1 !!!l illl!!!!'11!!i i1!'1 !! : CIP __ _ _ ICLAR_M ICRAF j 1991 ICRISAT I * .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1994 IFPRI [IMI _ ILRI/ILCA *-1-1 1 1 1 1 - ILRU/ILRAD ii' I , . I ' .il INIBAP IPGRI ISNAR WARDA 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Number 10 Chart 4: Percentage of Women by Category of Staff. Boards, Trainees, and Consultants - 1991, 1994 Total Int'l 9aff Managers Scientists _ Prog. SupportiA dm in. ¾1. .. 1 111!1111111011liil!!l1!ilIIII!Il ! ! I :1!!!I I I I I Boards National Si. Postdocs *1994 Short-Course trainees Int'l Consultants Nat./Reg. Consultants .1!1!11!. I . 1 '111 11 i 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Women as Percent of Staff Category Chart 5: Number of Female Internationally- Recruited Staff by Center - 1991, 1994 ICARDA X__ ICRAF_ CIAT_ IL R I/IL R A D I I ! III 'Ii l!'1!0 '!1 !:l!!i;'ll P li!ll!ll!!! 1 ,1!01 1111 r 1 I !!!!!!l!IIII !'I11 CIMMYT ICRISAT _ _! IRRI''1. ILRI/ILCA mD_!!!Lll !1991 CIP _ IFPRI _ ! 1994 IPGRI- CIFOR T ISNAR ICLARM IMBAP WARDA am 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Number of Women 11 Chart 6: Percent of Female Internationally-Recruited Staff by Center - 1991. 1994 All Centers I ICRAF IITA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'I IFP R I 1zIIs ii II I I I II 1 IsIq III I I I I III11. ;bi ili lil I ''I iilil ll M ! iil I-, ''I I rIII II CIFOR Ii IC'A R D A "1 iiiiiiiiiiii liiiiiii 111111111 WI llill l11 CIAT _11991 ILRI/ILCA CIM M Y T ~ 1lillililiilillzll lillilillililiililillililiilEll l lt l ,. 1ililillililiili 1994 ICRISAT IIMI IR R I 1llit 11 111111111'1li1ii1iiiiiil1'l II I I M1li Il 111 C IP I jljjl,llll , 1 1, I, I l I1,1 I. Il 1, II. 1 1 1 l I Iii, 'I hI, 11 I11111'1 11 11 I I i 1, 11 1 1.1111 ' ,1: I CLARM INIBAP W ARDA 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Women as Percent of Staff 12 Chart 7: Women as Percent of Applications for Internationally-Recruited Posts - 1991/2, 19941 T otal 1lllllll11 1" lllllllEl ll , , IL R I/IL R A D11Gr i,[1''1111111111'11 111111111111111111'111111111111111 r111'1111 ...... .. ... .. .. ... .. . IPGRI IFPRI C IM M Y T . . .............. 1.1.................1..1. CIAT ISNAR _ CD 1991-92 CIP *1994 ICRAF IRRII__,______ ICARDA _ 1 IRRI MT IITA ILRI/ILCA ICRISAT _ 0 5 10 15 20 25 Percent Women I/ includes only those centers for which comparative data from 1991 is available Chart 8: Women as Percent of Staff Appointed to International Positions by Center - 1991/2, 1994' Total Ril _ _ I I II ICARDA ISNAR R IFP R I liiiiiE Ililulill _llilllilulil ICRISAT ILRIALCA CIAT IITA | 1991-2 IRRI |,4_ *1994 IPGRI ICRAF CIP__ ILRI/LRAD IIM I -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ i | 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Percent Women 13 14 Table 1 - 1994 Survey Summary CGIAR GENDER PROGRAM HUMAN RESOURCES SURVEY (1994): ANALYSIS l_ l QUESTION # of MFasA Fas% M%row F%row MALE FEMALE TOTAL TOTAL MTOTALFTOTALTOTAL TOTAL Question 1. Total number of international staff 1051 173 1224 100% 100% 100% 86% 14% It Question 2. Staffing by level - by recruited senior management/administration 84 5 89 7% 8% 3% 94% 6% department heads/research thrust leaders 148 15 163 13% 14% 9% 91% 9% senior and/or principal scientists 393 39 432 35% 37% 23% 91% 9% junior or associate scientists 134 19 153 13% 13% 11% 88% 12% visiting scientists/research fellows 71 17 88 7% 7% 10% 81 % 19% postdoctoral scientists/fellows 103 30 133 11% 10% 17% 77% 23% associate experts 49 16 65 5% 5% 9% 75% 25% other internationally recruited 69 32 101 8% 7% 18% 68% 32% administrative staff/or professional support staff TOTAL 1051 173 1224 100% 100% 100% 86% 14% Question 3. Age (years) I 20-30 40 26 66 5% 4% 15% 61% 39% 31-40 325 82 407 33% 31% 47% 80% 20% 41-50 431 55 486 40% 41% 32% 89% 11% 51-60 231 9 240 20% 22% 5% 96% 4% 61 and above 24 1 25 2% 2% 1% 96% 4% TOTAL 1051 173 1224 100% 100% 100% 86% 14% Question 4. Nationality Asia/Oceania 190 17 207 17% 18% 10% 92% 8% Latin America/Caribbean 98 4 102 8% 9% 2% 96% 4% Sub-Saharan Africa 168 15 183 15% 16% 9% 92% 8% West Asia/North Africa 54 7 61 5% 5% 4% 89% 11% North America 178 55 233 19% 17% 32% 76% 24% Europe 309 71 380 31% 29% 41% 81% 19% Australia/New Zealand 34 3 37 3% 3% 2% 92% 8% Japan 21 1 22 2% 2% 1% 95% 5% TOTAL 1052 173 1225 100% 100% 100%° 86% 14% Table 1 - 1994 Survey Summary Page 1 6/8/95 Table 1 - 1994 Survey Summary QUESTION # 0 of Mas% Fas% M % row F %itO row MALE FEMALE TOTAL TOTAL M TOTAL F TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Question 5. Tenure at Center (number of years l employed at Center) Less than 1 142 39 181 15% 14% 23% 78% 22% 1-3 336 70 406 33% 32% 40% 83% 17% 4-6 202 27 229 19% 19% 16% 88% 12% 7-9 134 23 157 13% 13% 13% 85% 15% More than 10 237 14 251 21% 23% 8% 94% 6% TOTAL 1051 173 1224 100% 100% 100% 86% 14% Question 6. Location/ Posting l Headquarters 734 142 876 72% 70% 82% 84% 16% Outposted (regional or field position) 317 31 348 28% 30% 18% 91% 9% TOTAL 1051 173 1224 100% 100% 100% 86% 14% Question 7. Funding source In TAC approved core staff positions 667 92 759 64% 65% 55% 88% 12% Other staff positions 355 74 429 36% 35% 45% 83% 17% TOTAL 1022 166 1188 100% 100% 100% 86% 14% Question 8. Staff on part-time contracts (<75%) 12 5 17 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Question 9. Degree levels (highest degree received) Ph.D. or equivalent 792 95 887 72% 75% 55% 89% 11% Msc/MA/ or equivalent 161 52 213 17% 15% 30% 76% 24% Other 98 26 124 10% 9% 15% 79% 21% TOTAL 1051 173 1224 100% 100% 100% 86% 14% Question 10. Discipline (in which highest degree l received) . Crop sciences 388 43 431 35% 37% 25% 90% 10% Animal sciences 60 9 69 6% 6% 5% 87% 13% Cellular sciences (microbiology) 75 19 94 8% 7% 11% 80% 20% Forestry/agroforestry 37 3 40 3% 4% 2% 93% 8% Table 1 - 1994 Survey Summary Page 2 6/8/95 Table 1 - 1994 Survey Summary QUESTION # %of Mas% Fas% M % row F % row |MALE FEMALE TOTAL TOTAL M TOTAL F TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Other biological sciences 94 12 106 9% 9% 7% 89% 11% Chemistry 6 1 7 1% 1% 1% 86% 14% Physical sciences 7 0 7 1% 1% 0% 100% 0% Environmental/soil and resource mngt. sciences 83 10 93 8% 8% 6% 89% 11% Engineering 46 2 48 4% 4% 1% 96% 4% Social/economic sciences 145 43 188 15% 14% 25% 77% 23% Computer/information sciences 29 7 36 3% 3% 4% 81% 19% Mathematics/statistics 12 1 13 1% 1% 1% 92% 8% Management/administration 45 16 61 5% 4% 9% 74% 26% Other (specify) 24 7 31 3% 2% 4% 77% 23% TOTAL 1051 173 1224 100% 100% 100% 86% 14% Question 11. Staff actively engaged in biotechnology 73 21 94 0% 0% 0% 78% 22% research Question 12. Years of relevant professional experience (post Msc or equiv.) < 5 years 166 50 216 18% 16% 29% 77% 23% 5 - 9 years 185 36 221 18% 18% 21% 84% 16% 10-19 years 362 58 420 34% 34% 34% 86% 14% 20-30 years 284 27 311 25% 27% 16% 91% 9% > 30 years 54 1 55 4% 5% 1% 98% 2% TOTAL 1051 172 1223 100% 100% 100% 86% 14% Question 13. Marital status (number of staff) married w/spouse in residence 857 76 933 77% 82% 44% 92% 8% married w/out spouse in residence 67 9 76 6% 6% 5% 88% 12% single/divorced/widowed 121 87 208 17% 12% 51% 58% 42% TOTAL 1045 172 1217 100% 100% 100% 86% 14% Question 14. Children (number of staff) With children 851 73 924 76% 81% 42% 92% 8% No children 194 99 293 24% 19% 58% 66% 34% TOTAL 1045 172 1217 100%° 100% 100% 86% 14% Table 1 - 1994 Survey Summary Page 3 6/8/95 Table 1 - 1994 Survey Summary QUESTION # %0 of Mas% F as % M % row F 0% row _________ _ MALE FEMALE TOTAL TOTAL M TOTAL F TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Part . Additional Information for Analysis o Gender Staffing 18. Number of locally-recruited scientists (1994) 311 139 450 n/a n/a n/a 69% 31% 19. Number of locally-recruited senior managers/ 119 28 147 n/a n/a n/a 81% 19% admin. (1994) 20. International consultants hired in 1994 199 38 237 n/a n/a n/a 84% 16% 21. Regional and/or national consultants hired in 1994 105 32 137 n/a n/a n/a 77% 23% 22. Spouses of internationally-recruited staff 2 15 17 n/a n/a n/a 12% 88% hired as consultants 23. Short-course group trainees (in headquarters 1894 417 2311 n/a n/a n/a 82% 18% and regions) in 1994 1 _ 24. Ph.D. trainees in 1994 212 75 287 n/a n/a n/a 74% 26% 25. Msc trainees in 1994 158 47 205 n/a n/a n/a 77% 23% Table 1 - 1994 Survey Summary Page 4 6/8/95 i aDle d - I YY1 ourvey ;ummary CGIAR GENDER PROGRAM HUMAN RESOURCES SURVEY (1991): ANALYSIS l QUESTION X % of Mas% Fas% M % row F % row MALE FEMALE TOTAL TOTAL M TOTAL F TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Question 1. Total number of international staff 1061 145 1206 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Question 2. Staffing by level - by recruited senior management/administration 86 2 88 7% 8% 1% 98% 2% department heads/research thrust leaders 134 9 143 11% 12% 6% 94% 6% senior and/or principal scientists 519 49 568 44% 45% 32% 91% 9% junior or associate scientists 85 26 111 9% 7% 17% 77% 23% visiting scientists/research fellows 130 14 144 11% 11% 9% 90% 10% postdoctoral scientists/fellows 88 19 107 8% 8% 12% 82% 18% associate experts 18 8 26 2% 2% 5% 69% 31% other internationally recruited 82 26 108 8% 7% 17% 76% 24% administrative staff/or professional support staff _ TOTAL 1142 153 1295 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Question 3. Age (years) 20-30 49 17 66 6% 5% 12% 74% 26% 31-40 336 63 399 33% 32% 44% 84% 16% 41-50 430 48 478 40% 41% 34% 90% 10% 51-60 197 13 210 18% 19% 9% 94% 6% 61 and above 42 2 44 4% 4% 1% 95% 5% TOTAL 1054 143 1197 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Question 4. Nationality Asia/Oceania 187 17 204 17% 18% 12% 92% 8% Latin America/Caribbean 100 8 108 9% 10% 6% 93% 7% Sub-Saharan Africa 150 9 159 13% 14% 6% 94% 6% West Asia/North Africa 40 3 43 4% 4% 2% 93% 7% North America 203 55 258 22% 19% 38% 79% 21% Europe 310 48 358 30% 30% 33% 87% 13% Australia/New Zealand 37 4 41 3% 4% 3% 90% 10% Japan 20 0 20 2% 2% 0% 100% 0% TOTAL 1047 144 1191 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Table 2 - 1991 Survey Summary Page 1 6/8/95 Table 2 - 1991 Survey Summary QUESTION # %° f M as %lo F as °% M%row F%row _MALE FEMALE TOTAL TOTAL M TOTAL F TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Question 5. Tenure at Center (number of years employed at Center) Less than 1 133 34 167 14% 13% 24% 80% 20% 1-3 377 57 434 36% 360% 40% 87% 13% 4-6 186 33 219 18% 18% 23% 85% 15% 7-9 126 5 131 11% 12% 3% 96% 4% More than 1 0 225 15 240 20% 21% 10% 94% 6% TOTAL 1047 144 1191 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Question 6. Location/ Posting Headquarters 730 113 843 71% 69% 78% 87% 13% Outposted (regional or field position) 321 31 352 29% 31% 22% 91% 9% TOTAL 1051 144 1195 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Question 7. Funding source In TAC approved core staff positions 771 100 871 79% 80% 76% 89% 11% Other staff positions 195 31 226 21% 20% 24% 86% 14% TOTAL 966 131 1097 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Question 8. Staff on part-time contracts (<75%) 11 2 1 3 100% 100% 100% 85% 15% Question 9. Degree levels (highest degree received) Ph.D. or equivalent 799 77 876 73% 76%° 53% 91% 9% Msc/MAI or equivalent 158 46 204 17% 15% 32% 77% 23% Other 95 21 116 10% 9% 15% 82% 18% TOTAL 1052 144 1196 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Question 10. Discipline (in which highest degree received) Crop sciences 366 29 395 33% 35% 20% 93% 7% Animal sciences 71 5 76 6% 7% 3% 93% 7% Cellular sciences (microbiology) 75 19 94 8% 7% 13% 80% 20% Forestry/agroforestry 20 1 21 2% 2% 1% 95% 5% Table 2 - 1991 Survey Summary Page 2 6/8/95 Table 2 - 1991 Survey Summary QUESTION # 'o[ f Mas% Fas% M % row F % row IMALE FEMALE TOTAL TOTAL M TOTAL F TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Other biological sciences 102 9 111 9% 10% 6% 92% 8% Chemistry 9 0 9 1% 1% 0% 100% 0% Physical sciences 10 0 10 1% 1% 0% 100% 0% Environmental/soil and resource mngt. sciences 85 3 88 7% 8% 2% 97% 3% Engineering 44 0 44 4% 4% 0% 100% 0% Social/economic sciences 131 38 169 14% 13% 27% 78% 22% Computer/information sciences 29 17 46 4% 3% 12% 63% 37% Mathematics/statistics 8 2 10 1% 1% 1% 80% 20% Management/administration 59 6 65 5% 6% 4% 91% 9% Other (specify) 37 14 51 4% 4% 10% 73% 27% TOTAL 1046 143 1189 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Question 11. Staff actively engaged in biotechnology 68 24 92 0% 0% 0% 74% 26% research Question 12. Years of relevant professional experience (post Msc or equiv.) . < 5 years 72 10 82 7% 7% 9% 88% 12% 5 - 9 years 169 29 198 18% 17% 26% 85% 15% 10-19 years 430 47 477 43% 43% 42% 90% 10% 20-30 years 276 21 297 27% 28% 19% 93% 7% > 30 years 56 5 61 5% 6% 4% 92% 8% TOTAL 1003 112 1115 100% 100% 100% 90% 10% Question 13. Marital status (number of staff) l married w/spouse in residence 881 69 950 79% 83% 48% 93% 7% married w/out spouse in residence 55 8 63 5% 5% 6% 87% 13% single/divorced/widowed 127 68 195 16% 12% 47% 65% 35% TOTAL 1063 145 1208 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Question 14. Children (number of staff) __ ___. With children 859 69 928 78% 82% 50% 93% 7% No children 185 70 255 22% 18% 50% 73% 27% TOTAL 1044 139 1183 100% 100% 100% 88% 12% Table 2 - 1991 Survey Summary Page 3 6/8/95 Table 2 - 1991 Survey Summary QUESTION # o%f M as r F as % M % row F % row _MALE FEMALE TOTAL TOTAL M TOTAL F TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Part ill. Additionai Information for Analysis of _ _ _ Gender Staffing _ _ _ _____ 18. Number of locally-recruited scientists (1994) 109 109 n/a n/a n/a 0% 100% 19. Number of locally-recruited senior managers/ 26 26 n/a n/a nla 0% 100% admin. (1994) . 20. International consultants hired in 1994 41 41 n/a n/a n/a 0% 100% 21. Regional and/or national consultants hired in 1994 34 34 n/a n/a n/a 0% 100% 22. Spouses of internationally-recruited staff 17 17 n/a n/a n/a 0% 100% hired as consultants 23. Short-course group trainees (in headquarters 1 9 19 n/a n/a n/a 0% 100% and regions) in 1994 ____ _ 24. Ph.D. trainees in 1994 45 45 n/a n/a n/a 0% 100% 25. Msc trainees in 1994 48 48 n/a n/a n/a 0% 100% Table 2 - 1991 Survey Summary Page 4 6/8/95