Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviatin Pilot Project_EA_ESMF SFG2256 REV Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project Environmental and Social Management Framework Guangxi Foreign Capital Poverty Reduction Project Management Center October 2016 Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework Content List Foreword ........................................................................................................................................... - 1 - 1 Purpose and Scope of the Environmental and Social Management Framework ...................... - 3 - 2 Components of the Project and Typology of Sub Projects ......................................................... - 4 - 3 Legal, Policy Framework and Gap Analysis...............................................................................- 11 - 4 Environmental and Social Background ...................................................................................... - 16 - 5 Environmental and Social Impact and Mitigating Measures .................................................... - 43 - 6 Procedures to Address Environment and Social Safeguards Issues ......................................... - 65 - 7 Grievance Redress Mechanism................................................................................................... - 71 - 8 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure....................................................................... - 73 - 9 Institutional Arrangement, Responsibility and Capacity Building ......................................... - 102 - Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework List of Figures and Tables Table 2.2- 1 Sub Projects not in compliance with Project Access. - 9 - Table 3.2-1 Analysis on Compliance of the Project with World Bank Policies - 11 - Table 3.3-1 Review on World Bank’s Safeguard Policies and China’s Laws and Regulations Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4.3-1 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Du An County - 25 - Table 4.3-2 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Dahua County - 26 - Table 4.3-3 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Donglan County - 27 - Table 4.3-4 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Bama County - 28 - Table 4.3-5 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Fengshan County - 29 - Table 4.3-6 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Yizhou City - 31 - Table 4.3-7 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Tiandong County - 32 - Table 4.3-8 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Pingguo County - 33 - Table 4.3-9 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Tianlin County - 35 - Table 4.3-10 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Leye County - 36 - Table 5.1-1 Proposed Mitigating Measures - 49 - Table 8.1-1 Summary of Public Participation in SIA Surveys - 75 - Table 8.1-2 General descriptions about public participation in feasibility study - 79 - Table 8.1-3 Overview of Public Participation in Consultation in the course of Environmental Impacts Assessment - 81 - Table 8.2-1 Age of Surveyed Groups - 83 - Table 8.2-2 Education of Surveyed Households - 83 - Table 8.2-3 Employment of Surveyed Households - 84 - Table 8.2-4 Ethnic Groups of Surveyed Households - 84 - Table 8.2-5 The project participation information table - 85 - Table 8.2-6 Farmers’ attitude and understanding on the cooperative projects - 86 - Table 8.2-7 The information list of People in surveyed - 88 - Table 8.2-8 The public opinion of project and the result of survey statistics - 91 - Table 8.4-1 Action Plan for Public Participation - 96 - Table 9.1-1 Institutional arrangement for environmental management and responsibilities - 102 - Table 9.3-1 Environmental Management of Sub Projects at Various Stages - 111 - Table 9.3-2 Environmental ProtectionTraining at Various Stages - 113 - Table 9.4-1 The capacity training schedule of sub-projects in stages - 114 - Figure 1 Location of Project Area - 16 - Figure 2 Distribution of Nature Reserves in the Project Areas - 18 - Figure 3 Map of Surface Water Systems in Project Area - 19 - Figure 4 Distribution of Domestic Water Source Protection Zones in Hechi City - 20 - Figure 5 Distribution of Domestic Water Source Protection Zones in Baise City - 21 - Figure 6 Status quo of Degradation in Project Area - 38 - Figure 7 Procedures to Address Environment and Social Safeguards Issues - 66 - Figure 8 Grievance Processes - 72 - Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework Figure 9 Project Organizational Structure - 107 - List of Annex Annex 1 Screening Form for Environmental & Social Safeguards Issues Annex 2 Generic Environmental Management Plan Annex 3 Resettlement Policy Framework (Separate document) Annex 4 Pest Management Plan (Separate document) Annex 5 Enthinic Minority Development Framework (Separate document) Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework Foreword The World Bank Loan Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project is a large integrated poverty reduction cooperation between the Chinese government and the World Bank, which has been included in October 2014 in the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and Ministry of Finance (MoF)´ s 2015-2017 World Bank candidate projects. The proposed Project covers 10 counties in Baise and Hechi Cities. They are : Tiandong, Tianlin, Leye, Donglan, Bama, Fengshan, Dahua, Du´ an, and Pingguo County, and Yizhou City. All of the selected counties/city are characterized by a particular high level of poverty combined with poor natural resource conditions, difficulties in water management, limited availability of farm land, low levels of technology and a high percentage of ethnic minorities. The objective of the Project is to increase income opportunities for rural households in selected poverty counties of Guangxi. This would be achieved by piloting innovative organizational arrangements. The total proposed investment is RMB117273 0000 Yuan among which US $10000 0000 will be loaned from the World Bank. The Project includes four components: Improvement of Pro-Poor Value Chains; Enhancing Investments in Poor Areas; Increasing Investment in Poor Areas; and Project Management and M& E. Implementation of the proposed Project is in line with China´ s and Guangxi´ s relevant policies. Since December 2011 when the Central Government promulgated and commenced China Rural Poverty Reduction and Development Program 2011-2020, the number of poor people of rural areas has largely decreased and infrastructure and services in poor areas have been improving, and as well economic development and farmers’ income has been improving. By the end of 2014 China has still 14 special poor areas and 592 counties prioritized for the national poverty reduction program. At the same time, the number of poor villages was 128000; the number of poor households was 29485000 and the number of poor population was 70170000. The target for poverty reduction is: by 2020 economic development continues to increase and at the same time, under the current standards (average net income per capita is 2300 yuan according to constant price of 2010), the poor people in the rural areas are lift out of poverty, which means there are no more poor counties and food and clothing, as well as education, health care and housing for these people are secured; increase in disposable income per capita is higher than national average level and the indicator of .public services is closed to national level. The No.1 document of the Central Government in the 2016 declares that poverty must be terminated and to achieve this target, poverty reduction efforts must be accurate. For accurate poverty reduction, it is necessary to have different policies for different targeted groups. For 50000000 poor people actions such as industrialization, migration and resettlement shall be taken, and the other 20000000 poor people who are not able to work shall all be taken into the Low-Income security system, ie. implement social security policies to make sure all people are above the poverty line. A restrict poverty reduction responsibility and accountability system must be implemented at all government levels so that policies are sufficient, departmental cooperation is strengthened, and resources are allocated and social involvement is mobilized. In 2015, the six session of the tenth plenary of the CPC committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region issued the decision on to win the 13th Five Year Poverty Reduction battle to carry out the major poverty reduction and development policies from the central government, in which poverty reduction target is specified as: by 2020, the 5380000 people -1- Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework under the current standards, the 54 poor counties(included the windows counties and policy treatment enjoyable counties) and the 5000 poor villages are all lift out of poverty. More specifically, in the first 3 years 1200000 people are lift out of poverty, the 4th year another 930000 people and in the 5th year the achievements of poverty reduction efforts shall be consolidated and all poor people are lift out of poverty. It is needed to accurately identify poor households: set up a poor household dynamic adjusting mechanism and develop an accurate identifying indicator system which comprises comprehensive elements and priorities in line with the situation of the poor areas. The purpose is to accurately identify poverty in a bottom-to-top manner using such a system. Identifying poverty includes several steps and processes: visiting poor households, assessment, calculating, publicizing, reviewing and checking to make sure identification is open and transparent. It is needed to accurately identify poor villags: Accurate poverty reduction takes sub villages as basic units. All 5000 poor villages are required to be accurately identified to find out the causes for poverty and what sort of efforts are needed to reduce poverty. As the causes for poverty of each household are different, support and efforts for poverty reduction should be differentiated. For villages with extremely fragile ecology and poor resources, infrastructure and public services, it is needed to develop resettlement plans. Accurrate identification of poor households adopted strict processes, including twice household interviews, assessments, publicizations and reviews and one announcement as well as strict supervision on these processes, to make sure openness, transparency and fairness are involved in all processes. It is important and necessary to set up mechanisms to identify villages and households who have got rid of poverty and how they should quit from the system, as well as standards, processes and follow-up policies. Accurate identification of villages and households who have got rid of poverty must be done each year at both government and household levels to make sure they are forced to be out of poverty. Following Guangxi´ s Main Function Zoning Plan, Le Ye, Feng Shan, Dong Lan, Ba Ma, Du An and Da Hua Counties which have been selected as Project Counties, belong to the Major Ecological Areas, namely fragile but important ecological areas with limited environmental capabilities. These areas do not have the conditions for intensive and large-scaled industrialization and urbanization activities. Therefore, increasing productivity of ecological product should be prioritized and any intensive and large-scaled industrialization and urbanization activities must be limited. Tian Dong, Tian Lin and Yi Zhou Counties belong to the Agricultural Product Areas, namely with larger cultivated land area for agricultural development. These areas have conditions for intensive and large-scaled industrialization and urbanization activities. However, to achieve sustainability, it is recommended that increasing agricultural productivity should be considered as the major task and large intensive industrialization and urbanization activities shall be limited. The proposed project activities are in line with Guangxi´ s Main Function Zoning Plan. -2- Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework 1. Purpose and Scope of the Environmental and Social Management Framework Specific plans and scales of the Sub Projects have not been finally confirmed and the location and the detailed information are not known until the Project is commenced. However, according to the requirements of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in World Bank´ s Security Policy OP4.01, it is possible to manage the environmental impact from the Project by the Environmental and Social Management Framework to make sure it is in line with China´ s laws and World Bank´ s policies. The purpose of the Environmental and Social Management Framework is to provide guide to implementing agencies in Guangxi and the proposers of the Sub Projects in conducting environmental and social screening and follow-up evaluation of Sub-Projects, s laws and including detailed Sub Project Plans following World Bank Policies and China´ regulations. The scope of the Framework includes environmental and social screening to identify the categories of the Sub Projects and the potential environmental and social problems and specified plans for the Sub Projects. As well, it should include a Generic Environmental Management Plan, a Resettlement Policy Framework, a Pest Management Plan and a Enthnic Minority Development Framework which shall be the main body or attachments of the Framework.  The Generic Environmental Management Plan applies to sub projects which would have impact on the environment during the implementing and operational periods, including implementers, supervisors and monitoring agencies. It is needed to have extra measures to meet environmental protection requirements if the Generic Environmental Management Plan does not fulfill requirements of Sub Projects.  The Resettlement Policy Framework applies to Sub Projects which create resettlement, including the whole process of resettlement, will used by the implementers, supervisors and monitoring agencies.  The Pest Management Plan applies to agricultural production subprojects, including how pests are prevented and controlled during the process of planting, will used by the implementers, supervisors and monitoring agencies.  The Enthnic Minority Development Framework applies to minority groups involved in the Project. The purpose is to make sure minority groups are fully involved in activities such as planning and decision making. -3- Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework 2. Project Description and Sub-project Elegibility The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to increase income generation opportunities through demonstration of value chain development models in selected poverty counties of Guangxi involving 10 Counties, ie. Ping Guo, Tian Dong, Tian Lin, Le Ye Counties in Bai Se City and Dong Lan, Ba Ma, Feng Shan, Da Hua, Du An and Yi Zhou (county-level city) Counties in He Chi City, including 54 Townships and 117 Administrative Villages. The Project consists four Components: Improvement of Pro-Poor Value Chains; Improvement of Public Infrastructure and Services; Increasing Investment in Poor Areas; and Project Management, Monitoring and Learning. 2.1 Description of the Project The Project comprises four components. Sub projects involved in enivonmental impact are activities under Component 1a Cooperative Development Fund (CDF) and Component 2a Rural Infrastructure. The Component 1a CDF aims to strengthen the weak parts such as breeding, processing and marketing of agricultural production to enhance the establishment and development of cooperatives. Involved plants and livestocks include Dragon Fruit, Mulberry, Mango, Bamboo, Camellia Oil, Kiwi Fruit, Tea Leaves, Walnut, Mulberry and Silkcoon, Wild Grape, Orange and Mandarin, Mushroom, Black Chicken, Yao Chicken, Bama Fragrant Pig and Goat. CDF will also support development of the tourism cooperative and small-scaled infrastructure managed at cooperative level. The Component 2a will support small-scaled road upgrading, water supply and irrigation facilities. These small-scaled infrastructure will be managemed by County and Township government investment. The Business Incubation Centers under Component 3 will not involve new infrastructure. Instead, it will use the existing offices and facilities. Specific project description are described in below. The project would be implemented over a period of six years. Component 1: Improvement of Pro-Poor Value Chains This component aims to address market failures in the development of agricultural and non-agricultural rural value chains and key industries with a particular focus on increasing the value of economic activities of targeted farmer cooperatives. Component 1 comprises the following two sub-components: a) Cooperative Development Fund (CDF) (US$57.91 million, of which IBRD US$28.96 million), would provide grant financing to new or existing cooperatives (about 10 per county and 120 over the project implementation). The CDF would be managed by the selected farmer and non-farmer cooperatives who will implement their investment plans for value chain development. These investment plans would be initiated by cooperatives and formulated jointly with the help of technical experts, agro-enterprises, and county governments. Cooperatives would need to provide a beneficiary contribution at levels reflecting the financial capacity of the individual cooperatives. Investment proposals would be subject to appraisal and approval by the county and Regional PMOs. Funds could be used by the cooperatives to invest primarily in the fixed value adding production and processing equipment and facilities, nurseries, advanced breeding stations, equipment for improved seed -4- Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework production, storage facilities for agricultural produce, and other small-scale cooperative level infrastructure, goods, and related capacity building and technical assistance services. Depending on the actual needs of cooperatives, these investments may be associated with agricultural production (such as herbs, dragon fruit, kiwi, oil tea, etc), livestock (goats, pigs, chicken, etc), rural tourism, and related processing and marketing equipment and equipment, infrastructure and services. The component would also pay significant attention on strengthening of the institutional and management structures of the cooperatives. The project will allocate a proportion of the CDF fund for capacity building and training of cooperatives which would be mandatory before investments to economic activities will be made available. The cooperative training activities supported through the project would cover management and technical topics, and quality of the training activities delivered would be a special area of focus in the training plans. Specific measures would be taken to ensure participation of women in cooperatives both as individual members and in management boards. Furthermore, the governance structures of the beneficiary cooperatives must be aligned with the provisions of the cooperative law, and the CDF review and approval process will pay close attention to the proposed ownership structures to ensure equitable sharing of benefits. The project will monitor the institutional development aspects of farmer cooperatives by using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT). b) Matching Grant for Enterprises (MG) (US$32.31 million, of which IBRD US$32.31 million) would provide matching grants to finance enterprise investments, which demonstrate linkages and benefit sharing arrangements with targeted cooperatives of poor farmers. It is expected that some 20-30 grants could be awarded to eligible enterprises individually or in partnership with farmer cooperatives. These grants will be identified during the project implementation. Numbers of poor farmers participating in value adding income generation activities and fair benefit sharing arrangements would be key selection criteria for such matching grants. The grants would be provided based on the application process which includes transparent evaluation and competitive selection process (the details will be defined in the Operational Manual). To ensure ownership and to demonstrate commitment, the selected enterprises would need to match the grant amount with their own funds at negotiated level of cost-sharing requirement which would need to come from the enterprises own resources and/or from commercial lending. The project will provide matching grants up to 30 percent from total investment cost. The matching grants aim to leverage private investments with strong public good characteristics, such as income-generating activities for poor farmers, and would focus on investment in the following key areas: storage and logistics systems; processing; marketing (branding, certification, etc.) and product quality (including food safety improvement). The management and implementation of this subcomponent would be done at the Regional level. Component 2: Improving Public Infrastructure and Services. This component would support the establishment and strengthening of public infrastructure and service systems in support of value chain/key industry development under Component 1 and would include two subcomponents: a) Rural Infrastructure, which would be identified, to the extent possible, to complement the CDF investments under the Component 1. The component would support: (i) rehabilitation and construction of production road infrastructure, such as off-grade -5- Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework access roads to village/cooperative production areas or processing and marketing facilities, and rehabilitation and construction of tractor roads, field tracks, and foot paths; (ii) rehabilitation and construction of small-scale irrigation and drainage infrastructure and construction of small water storage facilities; (iii) establishment of IT and telecommunication infrastructure and procurement of information infrastructure and equipment; and (iv) rehabilitation or construction of public market facilities, electricity supply and other infrastructure and procurement of related equipment. b) Risk management (US$9.21 million, of which IBRD US$9.21 million), which would support the development of value chain or industry-level comprehensive risk assessment and risk mitigation plans for a clusters of counties. The plans would consider: (i) production risks (e.g. natural disaster, outbreaks of diseases, etc.), (ii) marketing risks including potential risk of food safety and food quality violation and the impact on consumer trust by the project beneficiaries or outside fellow producers/suppliers, and (iii) financial risk such as cash flow constraints and working capital requirements. The risk management and mitigation plans would identify responsibilities of public and private stakeholders (and main audience of these plans), such as producers, processors, food safety testing and quality institutions, insurance companies, etc. and identify gaps and bottlenecks, which will be addressed under the project. The project investment would follow priorities identified in the risk mitigation plans and could include, inter alia, investments in food safety testing and control (tests according to a testing regime or if necessary additional training and equipment for the related public sector testing/controlling institutions, such as FDA offices), initial subsidies for crop and livestock insurance schemes etc. as part of the risk management plan implementation. Marketing risks mitigation support could include developing and registration and protection of local/regional brands, geographical indication as well as strategic product marketing and promotion. The component would finance mainly TA and consultant services, equipment and crop and livestock insurance subsidies. Component 3: Enhancing Investments in Poor Areas. This component would improve and facilitate investments in poor areas by existing and new micro-entrepreneurs and business entities, such as Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), migrant returnees, or cooperatives and would include two activities: a) Business Incubation (US$8.55 million, of which IBRD US$8.55 million), which would support the setting up and operation of Business Incubation Centers (BICs) in each county, which will provide support for existing and start-up businesses. The BICs would support development of marketing skills and enable market linkages by reduc- ing information asymmetries, building trust, and creating shared value between value chain actors. They would also provide training for financial management skills and help enterprises with access to appropriate financing products by facilitating linkages with partnering financial institutions. In addition, BICs will offer business development services such as training (business management, business planning), and provide assistance with navigating regulatory requirements, standards, and compliance. Other services could include promotion of business networks and fairs and media events to promote the products of participating enterprises. Finally, the BICs would offer to their clients office facilities and meeting rooms with reliable internet connection to enable sales, procurement, and management functions to operate in a professional environment. The component would provide seed funding in the form of grant but the BICs are expected to become financially sustainable over -6- Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework time through generation of its own revenue to reach a point where it can cover its on-going operating expenses through earned revenues. The component will finance equipment, TA and related consultancy services, necessary office equipment and operating costs associated with running of business incubation centers (e.g. 100% during year 1-2 and 50% from year 3 onward). b) Improved Access to Financing will support, in cooperation with local finance institutions, the scaling-up of the government program of a comprehensive household credit rating piloted in Tiandong county and the validation or rural assets, which would help individual households and cooperatives accessing loans from local finance institutions. Credit rating will be done on a biannual basis (twice under the project) for all households in the project villages. The validation of assets, which can be used as collateral, will help cooperatives to access loans including loans for working capital. The project support of the credit rating would be output based with a prior agreed payment per each rated household for the rating teams. For the rural asset validation the project would engage and support professional service providers such as asset validation firms or accounting companies. Component 4: Project Management, M&E and Learning. This component would aim to strengthen and develop the administrative and technical capacity of staff of the Project Management Offices at the county, prefecture and regional level to manage the project effectively. The component would in particular aim to establish a monitoring and evaluation and impact evaluation system in order to enable the learning from the pilot nature of the project with an external professional monitoring agency to be engaged under the project. The component would also support regular supervision, progress monitoring, acceptance checks, and safeguards implementation supervision and monitoring. 2.2 Project Eligibility Considering the poverty reduction nature, the type and scale of proposed activities,and the social and environmental features of project area, the project was assigned category B during the World Bank concept stage safeguard review. Namely, sub projects adopted into the Project should not be Category A in accordance with World Bank´ s safeguard policy OP4.01, Environmental Assessment, should not have any major potential impact on the environment. Annex 1 provides principles and examples for screening of environmental assessment classifications, which will be used for screening sub projects in the future. Below is a description.  World Bank safeguard policies which apply to the Project include the Environmental Assessment in OP4.01, Nature Habitats in OP4.04 , Pest Management in OP4.09, Indigenous People in OP4.10 and Involuntary Resettlement in OP4.12. Sub projects which are found to involve other environmental and social safeguards policies to be applied to the Project in the screening process, will not be supported by the Project;  The Project is classified as B project. Its reverse environmental and social impact should be limited, partial, temporary and not beyond the implementation locations. As well, it should not have impact on the critical natural habitats and cause change or degradation. During the environmental and social screening process, if any sub project does not meet the above conditions it should not be included into the support of the Project;  In addition to above-mentioned safeguard policy requirements. China’s Environmental Assessment Law and applicable regulations provide of limitation of scale and -7- Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework the definitions environmentally sensitive areas that should be considered in screening subprojects. These regulations include Management Directory of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Categories for Construction Projects 2015 which can be used to identify the depth and the breadth of environmental assessment, and the Directory of Construction Projects not Included in Review and Approval of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by the Environmental Protection Department of Guangxi. Details of the above Directories are indicated in Table 2.2-1: -8- Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework Table 2.2- 1 Sub Projects not in compliance with Project Eligibiity Conditions (Domestic requirements for type, scale and sensitivity) Project Category Scale Meaning of environmentally sensitive areas in this column Nature reserve, Scenic spots, the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, the drinking water Agricultural 5000 Mu and above;in environmentally sensitive area source protection areas; basic grassland, important wetlands, water resource area, Erosion production control, and Eutrophic waters Nature reserve, Scenic spots, the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, the drinking water Farm product bases All source protection areas; basic grassland, important wetlands, water resource area, Erosion control, and Eutrophic waters Livestock and Nature reserve, Scenic spots, the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, the drinking water poultry farms, Annual number of pigs: 500 (other livestock equivalent source protection areas, Eutrophic waters; residential areas with facilities for health care, farming community number of pigs) education, culture, studies, administration arnd office; Cultural relics protection units, protected areas with special historical, cultural, scientific and ethnic significance. Food and feed Annual processing 250,000 tons and above;with NA processing fermetation process Annual oil producing 300000 tone and above;Annual NA Plant oil processing plant oil fine processing 100000 tone and above Annual slaughter 100000 heads (or 1000000 pultry) and NA Slaughter above. Production of NA vegetable and fruit Production of original joice joice and other soft drink Nature reserve, Scenic spots, the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, the drinking water source protection areas; basic farmland and grassland, forest parks, geoparks, important New road construction or upgrading;1km or above wetlands, water resource area, and Eutrophic waters ;Natural forests, rare and endangered independent tunnels in environmental sensitive wild animals and plants naturally concentrated area, the natural spawning grounds of Roads areas,1km or above independent bridges in important aquatic organisms, feeding grounds, winter grounds and migration routes, natural environmental sensitive areas (not including road fisheries, water resource area, Erosion control, and land desertification protected areas, closed maintenance) and semi-enclosed seas, eutrophication of waters;residential areas with facilities for health care, education, culture, studies, administration arnd office; Cultural relics protection units, protected areas with special historical, cultural, scientific and ethnic significance. Warehouses NA Toxic, hazardous and dangerous goods warehousing, (excluding oil tanks, logistics and distribution projects gas storage, coal storage) -9- Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework Cable car, ropeway construction; marine entertainment NA Tourism and sports, landscape development project - 10 - Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework 3 Legal, Policy Framework and Gap Analysis 3.1 Applicable Country Laws and Regulations Domestic legislation and regulations applicable to the Project: (1)Environmental Protection Law of China(2015); (2)Environmental Impact Assessment Law of China(2002) ; (3)Water Law of China(2002) ; (4)Agriculture Law of China; (5)Animal Husbandry Law of China; (7)Water Pollution Control Law of China(2008); (7)Forest Law of China (1998) (8)Solid Waste Pollution Control Law of China(2005) ; (9)Noise Pollution Control Law of China(1996) ; (10) Atmospheric Pollution Control Law of China (2000); (11) Water and Soil Conservation Law of China(2010) ; (12)Wild Animal Protection Law (1988) ; (13)Cultural Relics Protection Law of China (2002); (14)Land Management Law of China (revised in 1998) ; (15)Mineral resources of China(revised in 1996) ; (16)Cleaner Production Promotion Law of China(2002) ; (17)Nature Reserve Regulations of China(1994) ; (18)Implementation Regulations for Water and Soil Conservation Law of China (1993); (19)Wild Plant Protection Regulations of China(1996) ; (20)Implementation Regulations for Aquatic Wildlife Protection of China(1993); (21)List of National Key Protected Wildlife (1989) ; (22)Regulations for Safety of Place of Origin for Farm Products; (23)Animal Plague Control Law of China; (24)Regulations for Pollution from Large-Scaled Animal Husbandry; (25)Regulations for Feed and Feed Additive Management; (26)Regulations for Emergency Animal Diseases; 3.2 World Bank safeguard policies and environmental health and safety guidelines Compliance with the World Bank safeguard policies are summarized in Table 3.2-1. Table 3.2-1 Analysis on Compliance of the Project with World Bank Policies No. Policy Applicable Note OP 4.01 Environmental Category B,Environmental and Social Management 1 Yes Framework prepared, Information disclosure and public Assessment participation undertaken, according to OP4.01 The policy is triggered because of the location and nature of 2 OP 4.04 Natural Yes the proposed project activities. Agricultural production and - 11 - Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework small scale infrastructure related activities are likely to have Habitats limited impacts on natural habitats. Sub-project screening criteria includes the requirement on avoidance of critical natural habitats or potential significant impacts on natural habitats. The generic EMP includes measures to mitigate impacts on natural habitats. The project will not involve significant degradation or conversion of any critical natural habitats. While the project does not finance directly pesticides and agrochemicals, increased level of agricultural production activities may lead for farmers to use pesticides using their own funds. The pesticides uses for this project would be limited for the following considerations: 1) agriculture products to be involved in the project are all perennial plants OP 4.09 Pest that are diverse and are adapted to local ecological 3 Management Yes environment. Compared to annual crop production, pesticide uses are anticipated limited; 2) the project is to promote advanced agricultural technologies to improve quality and good practices (organic and green food) to bring value-added. The pesticide use will be limited to several agricultural product such as orange and most species do not need the use of pesticide. The PMP is to minimize and guide the use of pesticide where necessary. The project doesn’t involve any physical cultural resources. OP 4.11 Physical Sub-project screening criteria includes the requirement on 4 No avoidance or potential significant impacts on PCRs. Cultural Resources Chance-finds procedures are included in the EMP. The project will support agricultural production and involved plants are diverse. Only several are fruit trees (such as mango and orange); others include shrubs (e.g. oil tee) and 5 OP 4.36 Forest No veins (e.g. dragon fruit and grape). Even for former, the scale will be limited and the locations to be identified during implementation. The project will not support massive plantation either. Hence the policy is not triggered. The project will not involve any dams. Water tanks to be supported by the project are those small storage facilities with a capacity range from several to dozens of cubic meters OP 4.37 Safety of that will store rain water. Channels will be built to direct the 6 No water for household and/or irrigation use. In the karstic part Dams of the project area, precipitation is adequate but due to porous karstic geology it is difficult to keep surface water system, hence these kind of water tanks are proved useful and are common in the project area. OP 4.12 Involuntary 7 Yes Resettlement Policy Framework is prepared Resettlement OP 4.10 Indigenous 8 Yes Minority Group Development Plan is prepared Peoples OP 7.50 Projects on 9 No No international waterway is involved International Waterways OP 7.60 Projects in 10 No No disputed area is involved Disputed Areas The World Bank Group's Environmental, Health and Safety Guideline covers a range - 12 - Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework of agriculture-related guidelines. It is needed to note that the agricultural products involved in the Project, e.g. Dragon Fruit, Kiwi Fruit, Camellia Oil, are all perennial plants. These activities are scattered and of small scale. The project is to increase production and quality by agricultural techniques such as grafting and transplantation, which wil not involve large-scaled land preparation. Farm product processing will not involve brewing or juice processing except for primary squeezing process of camellia oil. Chicken and pig farms are household based rather than large scaled farms. Slaughter and meat processing are not involved. Therefore, some of the measures in the Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Perennial Crop Production, the Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Mammalian Livestock and the Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for production of plant oil, are applicable for the Project. The following provides an analysis on the compliance of the Project with the Bank’s polices. The EHS Guidelines applicable to the Project and Project compliance are summarized in below table: Table 3.2-2 Analysis on Compliance of the Project with WBG EHS Guidelines Project Measures required by EHS Gidelines Measures of the Project Activities 1. Soil and water conservation measures include avoiding large-scale excavation, especially in karst areas, effective use of existing topography for agricultral production, try not to convert land use; 2. Protection of soil quality and use of fertilizer: promotion of the use of farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, and increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer and green manure. It is prohibited to apply Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for fertilizer on soil surface. Fertilizer must be applied in Perennial Crop Production: A series of best inside of ditches and holes. Cover fertilizer with soil environmental management approaches and and straws immediately after it is applied measures are proposed for erosion control, soil 3. Reduce pesticide use. When it is needed, use quality protection, plant waste disposal, irrigation efficient low-residue pesticides. It is prohibited to use management, pest management and the use of highly toxic and long residual pesticides. Pesticide pesticides, fertilizers, biodiversity protection, use should give priority to pollution-free pesticides, energy use, air quality, greenhouse gases and other see Pest Management Plan Agricultural occupational safety. 4.Water pollution control: avoid application of Production fertilizer and pesticide in raining season to reduce Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for pollutant running into surface water. production of plant oil: A series of best 5.Waste management approach: Waste plastic bags, environmental management approaches and fertilizer bags, pesticide bottles, plastic film from measures are proposed for solid waste control and planting activities are prohibited to be left in the by-products processing, water consumption, field. They must be collected and disposed energy control, emissions, greenhouse gas collectively. emissions and hazardous waste. 6.Use of energy and mitigation of green gas:以 activities are based on man power with low energy intensity. Calculation shows significant results in mitigating green house gas emission 7. Biodiversity:little impact on biodiversity as the Project supports the existing species in project areas. 8.Milling of camellia oil is small-scaled and scattered on household basis. The main residue can be used for compost. Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for 1.Solid waste disposal measures include using biogas Mammalian Livestock Environmental, Health and tanks to produce biogas and residue which will return Animal Safety Guidelines for Poultry Production to the field. Shelters will be set up for rain and not to Husbandry A series of best environmental management scatter. Animal bodies will be collectied and disposed approaches and measures are proposed for waste by specialized agencies. If there is no such agency, management, wastewater treatment, emissions, the bodies will be burried. . - 13 - Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework use of antibiotics and fungicides, ecological 2.Waste water. Waste water from livestock or poultry impact, animal diseases and occupational safety farms is prohibited to enter surface water. It should go into biogas tanks or treatment facilities and then into the field Stalls, waste tanks, biogas tanks, sewers and disposal facilities must be lined to avoid leaking and polluting groundwater. 3.Waste gas. Waste gas in production areas must be cleaned in a timely manner to reduce the time manure and rotten feed expose. Regular cleaning must be undertaken in stalls before odor is created; dry up stalls as soon as possible and spray deodorant regularly. 4.Veterinery. Choose popular, efficient and low-toxicity medicine for sterilization. 5.To protect the ecological environment of the degraded karst areas, it is prohibited to build stalls, digging, quarry and deforestation. Grazing on mountains is banned. Pasture development is encouraged to reduce stock capability on natural grassland. 6.Disease prevention and control. Set up a regular sterilization system; an immunization program for avian flu and foot an mouth disease; keep records of immunization; monitor results of immunization; kill livestock with avian flu and foot and mounth disease, no treatment shall be given to disease livestock. 3.3 Gap Analysis The proposed project is a World Bank loan project. It is needed to follow not only the Bank's safeguard policies, but also the host country China's laws and regulations. It is intended to review the gap analysis between the relevant Bank´ s policies and China's laws and regulations and their requirements. During the project preparation, desk reiew and discussions with the Guangxi Regional Environmental Protection Department were conducted. It is noted that in terms of the development of environmental assessment, there is no significant gap between domestic and the World Bank safeguard policy requirements. On the depth and document type. The difference are the following, Statement in Chinese EIA Law, Project owners must prepare EIA reports, tables or registration forms (EIA documents hereafter) in accordance with the following mandates) : (1)If a project has potential major environmental impact, it is required to prepare an EIA report, providing comprehensive assessment on the potential impact; (2)If a project has potential mild environmental impact, it is required to prepare an EIA table, providing assessment or special assessment on the potential impact; (3)If a project has a little potential environmental impact, it is required to fulfill an EIA registration form instead of preparing an EIA report. While the OP4.01 assigns A,B,C and FI to projects according to the scale and scope of potential environmental and social impacts. Category A refers to project likely to have signifincat adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may - 14 - Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project - Environmental and Social Management Framework affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. Category B refers to project potential impacts on human population or environmentally important areas are less adverse than those of Category A projects. Category C is likely to have minimal or no advese impacts. On the EA documents, OP4.01 stipulates more forms. EIA and EMP are common forms, and the World Bank projects particularly put emphasis on EMP implementation. For projects of which the location and scale are not determined during preparation, an environmental and social manamgent framework can be prepared. For some simple B projects, EMP can be adequate. On public consultation and informaiton disclosure, domestic requirement converges with OP4.01 in recent years. Broad consultation and full document disclosure are required. Other domestic regulations correspond to safeguard policies applicable to the project as well. For example, corresponding to OP4.09 Pest Management, Regulations on Pesticide Administration and Regulations on Administration of Pesticides have been promulgated by the State Council, Standard for Safety Application of Pesticides by Ministry of Agriculture to encourage the high-effective use of pesticides with low toxicity and residue. All producers of pesticides must abide by the regulations, rules and standards as above during production. These documents clearly stated: ——Strict limits on application of pesticides for preventing animal diseases and plant pests during agricultural production (It is prohibited to use highly dangerous and toxic pesticides, such as quinalphos, monocrotophos, phorate); ——Agricultural products with excessive residues of the pesticides are prohibited to sell out; ——Methods on safe application of pesticides include: forms of pesticides, safety and appropriate using methods, normal and maximum doses, extreme application frequency in one year, and time period from last application to harvest. Overall, there is no significant gap between China domestic reqgualtions and World Bank safeguards requirements. More attention should be given to supervision, enforcement and capacity building during implementation. - 15 - 4 Environmental and Social Background 4.1 Summary of Natural Environment 4.1.1 Location The Project covers 10 Counties in Baise and Hechi Cities which are in the Northwest part of Guangxi, including Tiandong, Tianlin, Leye , Donglan, Bama, Fengshan, Dahua, Du´ an, Pingguo Counties and Yizhou City ( Locations are in Figure 1), with a total land area of 32672.5 square kilometers and a population of 4.0124 million. The Project Area is located in the joining area of karst mountains and flat land in Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou Karst Mountain area. The Project Area convers a mixed landscap of Karst mountains and soil hills. Survey shows that Karst landscapes take up 63% and 45% respectively of the two Cities. Figure 1 Location of Project Area (Ten Counties in northwestern Guangxi) 4.1.2 Environmentally Sensitive Areas Several sensitive areas are covered in the 10 Project Counties. Nature Reserves include: Chenwang Laoshan Nature Reserve in Langping Township Tianlin County; Orchidaceae Nature Reserve in Yachang Township Leye County. Scenic spots include Crystal Cave, Bai Niao Yuan and Panyang River in Bama County; Da Shi Wei natural pits in Leye County; Jin Lang Wan in Yizhou City; Liangfeng Cave in Donglan County; Qi Bai Nong in Dahua County. Geoparks include Leye-Fengshan World Geopark. However, sub projects of the proposed Project involves none of the above sensitive areas. Distribution of nature reserves is in Figure 2. - 16 - 4.1.3 Surface Water System Rivers running through Baise City: Youjiang River, Leli River, Xiyang River, Tuoniang River, Buliu River and Longxu River. Rivers running through Hechi: Longjiang River, Diao River, Red River, Panyang River, Baidong River and Ling Qi River. Surface water system of Project Area is in Figure 3. All Project Counties have domestic water protection areas. Therefore, sub project locations involve no domestic water protection areas. Details are in Figure 4-5. - 17 - Figure 2 Distribution of Nature Reserves in the Project Areas - 18 - Figure 3 Map of Surface Water Systems in Project Area - 19 - Figure 4 Distribution of Domestic Water Source Protection Zones in Hechi City - 20 - Figure 5 Distribution of Domestic Water Source Protection Zones in Baise City - 21 - 4.1.4 Biodivesity (1) The City of Baise is in sub-tropical area. It is warm all year round, with plenty of heat and rain. Most of the plants are evergreen and can grow through the year. Forest covers 2700 tree species. Cash trees include Fir, Pine, Oak and Bamboo as well as fast growing species, nearly 100 fast growing species including youtung, camelia, anise, tea and cinnamon. Rare and specious species include: Clams wood, gold plum, rosewood, dyke tree, cedar, Douglas fir, cedar iron Kennedy, plum, and leaf clams. Fruit species include banana, mango, almond, orange, pear, longan, plum, walnut, chestnut, persimmon, plum, litchi, hawthorn, pineapple, fruit safflower. Crops include rice, corn, soybeans. Cash crops include sugar cane, tea, tobacco, coffee. Herbs include 110 species: Tianqi, honeysuckle, Ganoderma lucidum, basil, Poria, Amomum, Radix, Huang Jing, ring grass and aspartame . Mushrooms include different fungus. Starch crops includemore than 20 varieties. Oil plants include 19 varieties such as sesame, peanuts, tea, tung oil, cubeba, canola and tallow tree. Fiber plants include 19 varieties. Chemical plants include more than 100 varieties such as niu ganzi, bayberry, mountain locust, Jacaranda trees, valonea. Aromatic plants include Magnolia, Osmanthus maudiae, rose, and vanilla. Pasture includes 93 varieties The City of Baise has over 100 wildlife, including over 20 rare and protected species: loris, langurs, bears monkeys, rhesus macaques, clouded leopard, serow, forest musk deer, black deer, tufted deer, sambar, golden cat, civet, small Indian civet, pangolin, otter, south snakes, spot hornbill, silver pheasant, golden pheasant, copper chicken, duck, giant salamander (giant salamander), distributed in Jinxi, Xilin, Lingyun, Napo, Tiandong, Tianyang and Youjiang. Rare beasts such as Tiger, leopard, bear and spotted deer could be found in Tianlin and Leye Counties. (2) The City of Hechi is located on the edge of the south sub tropic area, the transition area area between hilly area in Northwest Guangxi and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Forest vegetation comprises broad-leaf evergreens. Plants include 203 families, 697 genera and 1850 kinds and tree species include 84 families, 250 genera and 532 kinds, such as Camphor, Dutch, birch, alder, mangrove tree, neem, camphor, jujube, acuminate., among which 143 kinds are evergreen, 98 are deciduous trees , 60 are rare and protected species: White bean fir, Taxus, Amentotaxus clams, dyke tree, lobular red beans, gold Li, Ma Gua, Namu, incense trees, silver magpie, paliurus, Rhoiptele. Herbs include 162 species. Oil plants 16 species, feed plant 20 species, pasture 240 species and fiber plant 14 species. Animal species in Hechi include over 60 species, among which 10 are national 1st class protected species, 23 are 2nd class and 11 are 3rd class protected species. Two are rare species and others 16 economic species. - 22 - Typical Natural Ecosystem in Baise Typical Natural Ecosystem in Baise Typical Artificial Ecosystem in Baise Typical Natural Ecosystem in Hechi Typical Natural Ecosystem in Hechi Typical Artificial Ecosystem in Hechi 4.2 Socio-economic overview - 23 - 4.2.1 Population and Distribution The Project involves 10 Counties in Hechi and Baise Cities, covering 54 townships, 117 administrative villages (95 are prioritized for 13th FYP poverty reduction program) with a total population of 4.0124 million, among which 757000 are poor population, taking up 18.87% of the total population. 4.2.2 Minority Groups In the 10 Project Counties, the population of minority groups is 3.4984 million, taking up 87.19% of the total population. Population of Han Chinese is 514000 , taking up 12.7% of the total population. The main minority groups are the Zhung and Yao Groups. The population of the Zhuang people is 2995600, taking up74.66% of the total population, while the Yao has 457000 people, taking up 11.39% of the population. Other minority groups include Dong, Gelao, Shui and Maonan with a population of 45800, taking up 1.14%of the total population 4.2.3 Income Levels In 2014, net income per capita of the rural population in the 10 Project Counties was 6020 yuan, 1545 yuan (or 20.42%) less than provincial level which was 7565 yuan . Household income comes mainly from household business and salary of (off-farm work), which takes up over 85% (average 91.9%). 4.3 Environmental and Social Background of Project Counties 4.3.1 An Overview of Du An County 4.3.1.1 Natural Conditions Du An Yao Autonomic County is located in the center of Guangxi, on the slope area where the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is extending into the basin in Guangxi. Between Longitude 107 °29'-108 ° 41 ', and latitude 23 °42'-24 °35' . Hong Shui River (the Red River) runs through the west and south part of the county. Its neighbor counties include Xincheng in the east, Mashan and Pingguo in the south, Bama and Donglan counties in the west and Yishan and Hechi in the North Du An, which is 121 km from east to west and 99 km from north to south, covers a land area of 6468.5 square kilometers, takes up of 2.74%of Guangxi´s total land area or 19.99% of Hechi´ s total land area. As the slope area where Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau extends into the basin of Guangxi, the North and West parts of the county are higher than the South and East parts. The main water system, the Red River with its two branches (Cheng River and Diao River) , runs throughout the county from northwest to southeast. Rocky karst mountains which dominate the landscape, covers 5452.44 square kilometers or 84.29% of the total land area of the County. Therefore, it is also called a Kingdom of Karst Mountains. Other landscapes include hilly land area 561.14 square kilometers or 8.67%of the total land area and basin (or flat) land for 397.42 square kilometer or 6.14%of the total land area. The summit elevation which is in Bansheng-Qi Bai Nong Area, is 900-1100 meters, while the valley floor elevation is 600-800 meters. The lowest part which has a summit elevation of 400-600 meters, is the - 24 - valley in the downstream of the Red River in the south, while the valley floor elevation is 130-200 meters. The lowest valley is only 112 meters. The total topographic gradient is 8 ‰. The surface water system in the County is not well developed. The river density is 0.0889 per square meter. There are nearly 100 rivers but most of them are seasonal streams. Only 17 of these streams have over 20 square kilometers of catchment area. The total catchment area is 3363.7 square kilometers. The total average annual flow is 131.9 cubic meters per second. The maximum total flow in the flood period is 4447.4 cubic meters per second, while in the dry season, the minimum total flow is 5.5 cubic meters per second. Rivers with over 50 square kilometers of catchment area, which means they are worth developing, include the Red River, Diao River, Chengjiang, Fulong River, Mianshan River, Banling River, Yema River and Tonggeng River. The normal flow of the Red River, Diao River and Cheng River is over 25 cubic meter per second. Severe mountain desertification area is 1610.53 km² , medium level 116.49 km²and light level 31.76 km². Details of degradation is in the following table 4.3-1. Table 4.3-1 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Du An County Status quo of City County Village Degradation Land Type Degradation Yongji Village Degraded land Severe degradation Yongá n Township Liuli Village Chengjiang Non-degradation land No degradation Township Yuanli Village Bao Potential degradation land No degradation An Township Wudong Village Potential degradation land No degradation Gaoling Township Yijiang Village Degraded land Mild degradation Hechi Du An Gaoling Township Jiacha Village Potential degradation land No degradation Gaoling Township Nongming Village Extremely severe Degraded land Gaoling Township degradation Fuxing Village Medium Potential degradation land Gaoling Township degradation Jiating Village Degraded land Severe degradation Gaoling Township Jiaquan Village Potential degradation land Mild degradation Gaoling Township 4.3.1.2 Social Profiles of Du An County Du An has the largest Yao Ethnic Group in China. Aside from Yao, there are other 12 ethnic groups including Zhuang, Han, Miao, Mulao, Maonan and Shui. The total population is 702100, among which 167700 are poor people (23.89% ) and 666500 (94.9%) are from minority groups. Net income per capita of rural residents in 2014 was 5089 Yuan. 4.3.2 An Overview of Dahua County 4.3.2.1 Natural Conditions Dahua Yao Autonomous County is in the northwest part of Guangxi, covering the middle stream of the Red River. It is an area where the edges of Hechi Prefecture, Du An County, Bama County and Nanning Prefecture join, 130 kilometers from Nanning, the capital city of Guangxi, Dahua covers a land area of 2716 square kilometers. Its water ways come from Guizhou and run down to Guangzhou. - 25 - Dahua is located on the end part of Yun-Gui Plateau. Duyang mountains run throughout the County from north to south. The sea level of the north part is between 500-800 meters. The highest mountains are the Bansheng-Qi Bai Nong mountain areas whose sea level is between 900-1000 meters. The highest peak, Nong Er Mountain which is 1108-meter-high, is Qi Bai Nong Township. The sea level in the south is between 150-300 meters. The County is dominated by Karst mountains, erosion hills and valleys. Karst landscape covers the largest area. The typical karst landscape is mainly made up of peaks and valleys. The County has thousands of peaks and valleys. Qi Bai Nong Township itself has 1300 valleys and only 324 of them have inhabitants. Total length of surface waterway is 474 kilometers. River density is 0.16 km/km² . The main river is the Red River which runs through the County for 160 kilometers with 9 branches for 117.2 kilometers. It has been confirmed that there are 14 ground rivers with a total length of 1242 kilometers and the average flow is 0.89 m³ /s Severe mountain desertification area is 634.83 km² , medium level 116.49 km²and mild level 31.76 km² . Details of degradation is in the following table 4.3-2. Table 4.3-2 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Dahua County Status quo of City County Village Degradation Land Type Degradation Renliang Village Degraded land Severe degradation Dahua Township Longma Village Non-degradation land No degradation Dahua Township Jiacheng Village Non-degradation land No degradation Duyang Township Jiasi Village Liuye Degraded land Medium Township degradation Longkou Village Non-degradation land No degradation Dahua Township Hechi Dahua Dunsu Village Non-degradation land Mild degradation Dahua Township Duyang Village Degraded land Medium Duyang Township degradation Zhongwu Village Non-degradation land No degradation Duyang Township Wucheng Village Non-degradation land No degradation Duyang Township Huashan Village Non-degradation land No degradation Liuye Township 4.3.2.2 Social Profiles There are 11 ethnic groups including Zhuang, Han, Miao, Mulao, Maonan, Man, and Shui ethnic groups. The total population is 460500, among which 80800 are poor people (17.55%) and 434400 (94.33%) are from minority groups. Net income per capita of rural residents in 2014 was 5140 Yuan. 4.3.3 An Overview of Donglan County 4.3.3.1 Natural Conditions Donglan is located in the northwest of Guangxi, between east longitude 107 °5'-107 °43 ' and latitude 24 °13'-24 °51'. Its neighbor counties include Hechi City in the east, Fengshan County in the west, Bama and Du An Counties in the South, and Tianéand Nandan Counties in the north. Donglan is 308 km from the regional capital of Nanning. The length from north to south is 68 km and the width from east to west is 65 kilometers. The total area is 2415 square kilometers. - 26 - Donglan is located in the southern edge of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, northwestern part of Guangxi. Tilt from northwest to southeast, the north part of the County is higher than the south part. Rivers run from north to south into the Red River. The dominant landscapes include steep slopes, karst hills, karst valleys, peaks and valleys. Rivers in the County belong to the Red River system. All run from northwest into the Red River except that Dongping River runs into Panyang River in Bama County. The Red River runs through and exits the County from Dayong in Datong Township. Aside from the Red River, there 250 rivers running through the County. Each of the nine rivers including Baying River, Banlong River, Pola River, Lanyang River, Jiuqu River, Banlao River, Pohao River, Sanjia River and Dongping River, covers a catchment area of over 40 km² . Except for Baying River which originates from Fengshan County, all rivers originate from Donglan itself. The total length of all rivers is340.7 kilometers (not including the Red River) and the total catchment area is 2415 km² . The average annual runoff is 1.607 billion cubic meters. The maximum flow is 1232.6 cubic meters per second and the flow rate is 0.5767 cubic meters per second in the dry season. Geographical distribution of rivers is uneven. There are more rivers in the soil hilly areas while there are no surface rivers in the rocky mountainous areas. Rivers are deep and are reccharged by rain. There is large difference in river flow in wet and dry seasons due to the monsoon climate and the topography and the density of vegetation. The change of flow before and after rainfalls impacts irrigation. Severe mountain desertification area is 177.33km² , medium level 542.54 km²and mild level 185.71 km². Details of degradation is in the following table 4.3-3. Table 4.3-3 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Donglan County Status quo of City County Village Degradation Land Type Degradation Jiangdong Village Donglan Non-degradation land No degradation Township Banlie Village Non-degradation land No degradation QieXue Township Banlong Village Changjiang Degraded land Mild degradation Township Antao Village Non-degradation land No degradation Bashou Township Weirong Village Donglan Non-degradation land No degradation Township Hechi Donglan Banlao Village Non-degradation land No degradation Aidong Township Liutong Village Non-degradation land No degradation Aidong Township Qiexue Village Medium Degraded land Qiexue Township degradation Gengle Village Potential degradation land Mild degradation Changle Township Renhe Village Medium Degraded land Sanshi Township degradation Dongli Village Wuzhuan Non-degradation land No degradation Township 4.3.3.2 Social Profiles - 27 - There are 8 ethnic groups including Zhuang, Han and Yao ethnic groups. Zhuang is the majority, followed by Han and Yao. The total population is 307900, among which 95300 are poor people (30.95%) and 282300 (991.1%) are from minority groups. Net income per capita of rural residents in 2014 was 4790Yuan. 4.3.4 An Overview of Bama County 4.3.4.1 Natural Conditions Known as the world's longevity, Chinese Holy Land, Bama Yao Autonomous County is in the Northwestern of Guangxi and is a part of Hechi City, .between the east longitude 106 °51'-107 °23 ', and latitude 23 °51'-24 °23' . Its neighbor counties include Baise, Tianyang, Tiandong, Pingguo, Dahua, Donglan, Fengshan and Lingyun Counties. The County covers a total land area of 1971 km² . Bama is located on the hilly area where Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau extends into the flat land in the center of Guangxi. Its western part is higher than its eastern part. The sea level is between 500-800 meters. Rocky (karst) mountains take up 30%, soil hills take up 69% and waters take up 1% of the land area.As the land is dominated by thousands of hills, Bama is called ten thousand hills. In the west there are more high karst mountains, while in the other parts there are more slopes. Hills, karst mountains and valleys are the main landscapes. All rivers in Bama belong to the Pearl River system. The Red River runs on the border between Bama and Du An and is the border between two counties. Other large rivers include Panyang River which originates in Qiaoyin Fengshan County, Lingqu River which originates in the mountains in the west part of the County and Baidong River and Ceba River which run in the mountains and join in Youjiang River in Tianyang County. The total surface water runoff is 1.1 billion cubic meters. Severe mountain desertification area is 337.48 km² , medium level 120.34 km²and mild level 29.25 km². Details of degradation is in the following table 4.3-4. Table 4.3-4 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Bama County Status quo of City County Village Degradation Land Type Degradation Dena Village Fenghuang Potential degradation land Mild degradation Township Changhe Village Medium Fenghuang Degraded land degradation Township Bana Village Potential degradation land Mild degradation Xishan Township Hele Village Potential degradation land Mild degradation Xishan Township Poteng Village Hechi Bama Non-degradation land No degradation Bama Township Banyang Village Non-degradation land No degradation Bama Township Donglie Village Non-degradation land No degradation Nashe Township Yanting Village Yandong Non-degradation land No degradation Township Pingliu Village Non-degradation land No degradation Suolue Township Langyin Village Non-degradation land No degradation - 28 - Suolue Township 4.3.4.2 Social Profiles There are 13 ethnic groups including Yao, Zhuang, Han and Maonan ethnic groups. The total population is 292100, among which 60100 are poor people (20.58%) and 228700 (78.30%) are from minority groups. Net income per capita of rural residents in 2014 was 4819 Yuan. 4.3.5 An Overview of Fengshan County 4.3.5.1 Natural Conditions Fengshan County is on the south edge of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the Northwest of Guangxi and is a part of Hechi City. The western point of the County is the east longitude 106°40′50″ and latitude 24°36′10″, the eastern point 107°16′57 and 24°32′15″, the southern point 106°55′20″ and 24°15′30″ and its northern point 107°1′34″ and 24°49′34″, covering 60.9 km from east to west and 63.9 km from north to south. The County Town is located in the center of County. The total land area is 1738 km² , dominated by karst mountains with small arable land area. Panyang River, Baying River and Poxin River are the three major rivers running through the central, eastern and southern parts of the County. The total length of the three rivers is 116,.3 kilometers. Their branches include 129 rivers and streams with a total length of 767.81 kilometers. . The catchment area is 1737.97 km² The river net density is 0.44 km/km² . The total annual flow is 1.19 billion m². Severe mountain desertification area is 155.22 km² , medium level 312.24 km²and mild level 127.83 km². Details of degradation is in the following table 4.3-5. Table 4.3-5 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Fengshan County Status quo of City County Village Degradation Land Type Degradation Changzhou Village Non-degradation land No degradation Changzhou Township Nale Village Changzhou Non-degradation land No degradation Township Na Ai Village Changzhou Non-degradation land No degradation Township Banren Village Changzhou Non-degradation land No degradation Hechi Fengshan Township BanlunVillage Changzhou Non-degradation land No degradation Township Langli Village Changzhou Non-degradation land No degradation Township Nalao Village Changzhou Non-degradation land No degradation Township Heyun Village Non-degradation land No degradation Qiaoyin Township - 29 - Nawang Village Non-degradation land No degradation Qiaoyin Township Shanglin Village Non-degradation land No degradation Qiaoyin Township Tongle Village Non-degradation land No degradation Qiaoyin Township Wenli Village Non-degradation land No degradation Qiaoyin Township Pocha Village Degraded land Medium Jinya Township degradation Gengsha Village Degraded land Medium Jinya Township degradation Longwang Village Degraded land Medium Jinya Township degradation 4.3.5.2 Social Profiles There are Zhuang and Han ethnic groups. The total population is 215400, among which 59400 are poor people (27.58%) and 138100 (64.11%) are from minority groups. Net income per capita of rural residents in 2014 was 4715Yuan. 4.3.6 An Overview of Yizhou County 4.3.6.1 Natural Conditions Yizhou City (county-level) is in the North Central part of Guangxi and is a part of Hechi City. The western point of the City is on the east longitude 106°40′50″ and latitude 24°36′10″, the eastern point 107°16′57 and 24°32′15″, the southern point 106°55′20″ and 24°15′30″ and its northern point 107°1′34″ and 24°49′34″, covering 60.9 km from east to west and 63.9 km from north to south. The County Town is located in the center of City. The total land area is 1738 km² , dominated by karst mountains with small arable land area. Its neighbor counties include Liucheng and Liujiang in the east, Xincheng and Du An in the south, Hechi in the west and Huanjiang and Luocheng in the north. Located between east longitude 108 °4'11 "~ 109 °2'44" north latitude and 24 °0'10 "~ 24 ° 52'5" and with Longjiang River, Guizhou-Guangxi Railway and national road 323 running through, Yizhou is the hub connecting Northwest and Southeast of Guangxi, as well as Guizhou and Human Provinces. The total land area is 3869 km² . Karst slopes, hills and valleys are the dominant landscapes. 。 The rivers running through Yizhou belong the Xijiang River system of the Pearl River Basin. Longjiang is the major river which has two branches: Linjiang River (or Jianhe) and Zhongzhou River (or Xiao Huanjiang). Yizhou has totally 295 rivers and streams, among which 211 are seasonal rivers. Duliang River runs into Diaojiang River and Yongding River runs into the Red River. All others are branches of Longjiang。Linjiang and Zhongzhou are two major branches, each of which has a catchment area of over 1000 km² . Luoshou River, Wugong River, Yongdai River and Da An River each covers a catchment area of 100-1000 km² , and Deqiao River, Siliu River and Zhonghe River each covers a catchment area of 50-100 km² .The total river basin area is16216 km² , among which 3420.3 km²is within Yizhou. The average annual flow is 393.8 m³ /second. Annual runoff is 12.45 billion cubic meters. Runoff happens in April-September, taking up 77.5% of the annual runoff. Some rivers flood in the flood season, but dry up in the dry season. The maximum flow is 10,755 cubic meters per seond, nearly 293 times of the low flow which is 36.68 cubic meters per second. The total annual runoff of the City is 2.425 billion cubic meters. Severe mountain desertification area is 338.09 km² , medium level 371.06 km²and mild level 89.97 km². Details of degradation is in the following table 4.3-6. - 30 - Table 4.3-6 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Yizhou City Status quo of City County Village Degrandation Land Type Degradation Yantian Village Potential Degradation No degradation Liu San Jie Land Township Gudong Village Potential Degradation No degradation Liu San Jie Land Township Guwen Village Xiangbei Non-degradation land No degradation Township Latuo Village Xiangbei Non-degradation land No degradation Township Baitun Village Degraded land Severe Anma Township degradation Xiao Ai Village Degraded land Severe Anma Township degradation Latan Village Non-degradation land No degradation Anma Township Kenba Village Non-degradation land No degradation Anma Township Hechi Yizhou Guyu Village Non-degradation land No degradation Anma Township Baiwei Village Potential Degradation Xiangbei No degradation Land Township Gudong Village Potential Degradation No degradation Liu San Jie Land Township Yantian Village Potential Degradation No degradation Liu San Jie Land Township Baitun Village Degraded land Severe Anma Township degradation Guwen Village Non-degradation land No degradation Xiangbei Townshi Latuo Village Non-degradation land No degradation Xiangbei Townshi Yantian Village Potential Degradation No degradation Liu San Jie Land Township 4.3.6.2 Social Profiles There are Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Mulao, Maonan, Dong and Hui ethnic groups in Yizhou. The total population is 655000, among which 71800 are poor people (10.96%) and 589000 (83.6%) are from minority groups. Net income per capita of rural residents in 2014 was 7630Yuan. 4.3.7 An Overview of Tiandong County 4.3.7.1 Natural Conditions Tiandong County is located in the west central part of Guangxi, covering from north latitude 23 ° - 31 - 16 'to 24 °01' and longitude 106 °53 'to 107 °26. Its neighbor counties include Pingguo in the east, Debao and Tiandeng in the south, Tianyang in the west and Bama in the north. The easternmost villages are Jinhua in Daowu Township. The southernmost village is Danuo in Jiangcheng Township. The westernmost village is Tuoxian in Bubing Township and the northernmost village is Shimu in Yixu Township. The total land area is 2816 km² In topography, Tiandong is a basin with mountains in south and north parts and Youjiang River running through the center of the basin. South to the basin are low rocky and soil hills. North to the basin are soil hills and mountains with higher sea level. Among hills and mountains are valleys, rivers, or streams or small basins. Rivers in Tiandong belong to the Xijiang water system of the Pearl River Basin. Youjiang, Xiangshui, Longxu, Gurong and Lingzhi are the major rivers. Longxu, Gurong and Xiangshui are branches of Youjiang River, while Lingzhi is a branch of the Red River. The total river basin area is 2816 km² . The total length is 277 kilometers. The river density is 0.098 km/km² . Average annual flow is 371 m³ /second. Natural drop if 583.8 meters. These five rivers have only 34 branches (each covers a catchment area of over 10 km² ) which cover a total length of 368.05 kilometers. , medium level 3.13 km² Severe mountain desertification area is 266.32 km² and mild level 0.04 . Degradation in Tiandong is medium, Details of degradation is in the following table 4.3-7. km² Table 4.3-7 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Tiandong County Status quo of City County Village Degradation Land Type Degradation Lianhe Village Xiangzhou Non-degradation land No degradation Township Dingyang Village Xiangzhou Non-degradation land No degradation Township Daban Village Zuodeng Non-degradation land No degradation Township Xin An Village Zuodeng Non-degradation land No degradation Township Baise Tiandong Fuxing Village Non-degradation land No degradation Naba Township Minzu Village Non-degradation land No degradation Liinfeng Townshi Liangyu Village Non-degradation land No degradation Silin Township NabanVillageYinc Non-degradation land No degradation ha Township LixinVillageYinch Extreme Degraded land Township degradation Liuzhou Village Non-degradation land No degradation Naba Township 4.3.7.2 Social Profiles There are 8 ethnic groups including Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Hui, Meng, Man, and Shui ethnic groups. The total population is 433500, among which 52100 are poor people (12.02%) and 393600 (90.80%) are from minority groups. Net income per capita of rural residents in 2014 was 8357 Yuan. - 32 - 4.3.8 An Overview of Pingguo County 4.3.8.1 Natural Conditions Pingguo County is located in the west central part of Guangxi, ie. East part of Baise City. Its geographic coordinates are Longtitude 107°21′~107°51′ and North latitude 23°12′~23°51′. Matou Township is the central point of the Baise-Nanning Highway, which is 136 km from the Nanning, the Capital City of Guangxi, and 129 km from Baise City. The middle stream of Youjiang River runs . through four townships. The total land area is 2485 km² The topography is that the middle part of the County is higher than the north and south parts., ie. inclined from the northwest to the east. Youjiang River runs through the southwest part and the sea level of the river banks is 110 meters. Some branches of the Red River run through the north part and their elevation is 200-230 meters. The middle part of the County which is 280-450 meters above sea level, is dominated by karst mountains. The highest point which is 934.6-meter-high, is the peak of Guitou Mountain in Haicheng Township. The lowest part which is 106 meters above sea level which is in Chengguan Township. Two river systems run through Pingguo County: the Red River and Youjiang River systems. The total length of rivers is 456.2 kilometers. The river density is 0.18 km/km² . Liming River, Dahong River, and Dasai River run through the northeast part of the County and join into one: the Pingzhi River with a catchment area of 2029.6 km² in Keshang Renshi village Fengwu Township. In the southeast part there are Laijiang, Longma, Xinxu, Dagan and Dale rivers which run into Youjiang.The catchment area of these rivers is 1199 km² . There are 26 streams among which 9 are useful. The total annual runoff is 1.42 86 billion cubic meters. There is a large difference in the flow in wet and dry seasons, except for Youjiang River, due to climate, vegetation and other reasons. Severe mountain desertification area is 801.44 km² , medium level 29.6 km²and mild level . Details of degradation is in the following table 4.3-8. 2.64 km² Table 4.3-8 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Pingguo County Status quo of City County Village Degradation Land Type Degradation Ponan Village Xin Medium Degraded land An Township degradation Balong Village Potential degradation Mild degradation Guohua Township land Chami Village Potential degradation land No degradation Taiping Township Yangiang Village Degraded land Severe degradation Taiping Township JilinVillage Degraded land Severe degradation Taiping Township Xinmin Village Baise Pingguo Haicheng Degraded land Severe degradation Township Dingdi Village Haicheng Degraded land Severe degradation Township Gaole Village Medium Haicheng Degraded land degradation Township Liu An Village Jiucheng Non-degradation land No degradation Township - 33 - Linlin Village Potential degradation land No degradation Taiping Township Chami Village Potential degradation land No degradation Taiping Township Longban Village Non-degradation land No degradation Pozao Township Xingeng Village Medium Jiucheng Degraded land degradation Township Yongqi Village Haicheng Degraded land Severe degradation Township Longpai Village Medium Degraded land Fengwu Township degradation Yongwang Village Degraded land Severe degradation Bangxu Township 4.3.8.2 Social Profiles There are Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Tujia and Maonan ethnic groups. The total population is 512100, among which 51700 are poor people (10.10% ) and 483300 (94.38%) are from minority groups. Net income per capita of rural residents I 2014 was 6963Yuan. 4.3.9 An Overview of Tianlin County 4.3.9.1 Natural Conditions Tianlin County is in the northwest part of Guangxi, longitude 105.27° ~106.15° and north latitude 23.58° ~24.41° ., north of the Tropic of Cancer. Its neighbor counties include Baise, Lingyun and Leye counties (city) in the east, Funing County of Yunnan Province in the south, Xilin and Longlin counties in the west and Ceheng County of GuizhouProvince on the other side of Nanpan River. Tianlin is the largest county in Guangxi. The County TownLeli is 270 km from Nanning. The total land area of Tianlin is 5577 km² . Tianlin is on the transition area, the edge of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Qinglong, Jinzhong, Liushao Mountains stand in northeast, northwest and the south parts. The County is dominated by mountains, karst and soil mountains. Langping, Pingshan, Longche, Pingtang and Gaolong Townships are dominated by karst mountains, covering 28873.33 Ha. (5.2% of the total area of the county). Most of the karst mountains are over 800 meters above sea level. The highest peak is 1900 meters high and the relative height is 500-900 meters. Among thousands of peaks are valleys and caves. Soil mountains are found all over the County, covering 528826.67 Ha., 94.8t% of the total land area. Mountains are high and among mountains are deep valleys. The relative height is between 200 and 1000 meters. Three types of mountains, medium, low and high mountains make the main landscapes. The Youjiang River system and the Nanpan River system are the main water systems. Youjiang River system comprises Tuoniang River, Leli River and Bagui River, covering 4506.5 km² basin area, or 80.81% of the total land area. While Nanpan River system which includes Banjian River, Jiuzhou River and Baile River which cover 882.8km² or 15.83% of the total land area. The other small rivers make up 184 kilometers and 187.7 km² , taking up 3.30% of the total land area. Years´ average flow is 0.20 m³/second. Average runoff is 197.1 million cubic meters and the drop that can be useful is 950 meters. Severe mountain desertification area is 77.24 km² , medium level 26.36 km²and mild level . Details of degradation is in the following table 4.3-9. 3.46 km² - 34 - Table 4.3-9 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Tianlin County Status quo of City County Village Degradation Land Type Degradation Yinbiao Village Non-degradation land No degradation Baile Township Bangan Village Non-degradation land No degradation Baile Township BoéVillage Non-degradation land No degradation Badu Township Zhetang Village Non-degradation land No degradation Badu Township Nongguang Village Non-degradation land No degradation Lucheng Township Sanyao Village Non-degradation land No degradation Lucheng Township Wenhua Village Non-degradation land No degradation Leli Township Baxin Village Non-degradation land No degradation Anding Township Zhenian Village Non-degradation land No degradation Jiuzhou Township Pinglin Village Non-degradation land No degradation Jiuzhou Township Guanglong Village Non-degradation land No degradation Jiuzhou Township Genbiao Village Non-degradation land No degradation Baile Township Bangan Village Non-degradation land No degradation Baile Township Baise Tianlin Boé Village Non-degradation land No degradation Badu Township Zhetang Genbiao Village Non-degradation land No degradation Baile Township Nongguang Village Non-degradation land No degradation Lucheng Township Sanyao Village Non-degradation land No degradation Lucheng Township Bazhong Village Non-degradation land No degradation Zhemiao Township Baheng Village Non-degradation land No degradation Zhemiao Township Pinggu Village Non-degradation land No degradation Lizhou Township Wenhua Village Non-degradation land No degradation Leli Township Balai Village Non-degradation land No degradation Anding Township Changjing Village Non-degradation land No degradation Anding Township Baxin Village Non-degradation land No degradation Anding Township Zhenian Village Non-degradation land No degradation Jiuzhou Township Pinglin Village Non-degradation land No degradation - 35 - Jiuzhou Township Guanglong Village Non-degradation land No degradation Jiuzhou Township 4.3.9.2 Social Profiles There are Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao and Hui ethnic groups. The total population is 260000, among which 68600 are poor people (26.38% ) and 192700 (74.12%) are from minority groups. Net income per capita of rural residents in 2014 was 5648 Yuan. 4.3.10 An Overview of Leye County 4.3.10.1 Natural Conditions Leye County is located in the Northwest part of Guangxi or the southeast part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, covering from longitude 106° 10' to 106° 51' 30' and latitude 24° 03' to 25° . Nanpan River and Beipan River join in the north and become the Red River. The neighbor counties include Tiané and Fengshan in the east, Lingyun County in the south, Tianlin County in southeast, Ceheng County of Guizhou Province on the other side of Nanpan in the west and Wangmo and Luodian Counties of Guizhou Province on the other side of the Red River in the north. The County Town Tongle is 460 kilometers from Nanning. The total land area is 2617 km² . The dominant landscape is karst mountains, peaks and valleys. Nanpan River and the Red River are the two main rivers. Nanpanjiang (Nanpan River) originates in Qujing in Yunnan Province. Running from west to east, it goes through Xilin County and then become the border between Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces. On the left side of river are Xingyi, Anlong, Ceheng and Mowang Counties of Guizhou Province and on the other side are Xilin, Longlin, Tianlin and Leye Counties of Guangxi. It runs from Badong Village in Tianlin County into Leye County and becomes the border between Leye and Wangmo Counties. In Weigou, Yachang Township in the north of the County, the River joins in Beipanjiang (Beipan River) and from here the joint river is called the Red River which continues running north, through Tiané , Nandan, Donglan, Bama, Duá n, Xincheng and Laibin Counties. In Sanjiangkou, Shilong Township in Xiangzhou County, it is met with Liujiang River and from here it is called Qianjiang. Nanpanjiang runs 23 km through Leye County. The width reaches 120 meters. The entry height is 315 meters. The height at joint point is 301 meters. The drop of the River is 14 meters. The total length of the Red River which star ts in Leye and runs down to where it meets Liujiang, is 659 km long, with 138000 km² catchment area, The Red River in Leye is 51 kilometers long and the width is 150 meters. The drop is 31 meters and the slope is 0.61‰. Although both Rivers are deep, there not conditions for irrigation or to generate power, it can be used for seasonal navigation. Severe mountain desertification area is 151.56 km² , medium level 142.69 km²and mild level 19.93 km². Details of degradation is in the following table 4.3-10. Table 4.3-10 Mountain Degradation in Project Areas in Leye County Status quo of City County Village Degradation Land Type Degradation Dacun Village Non-degradation land No degradation Tongle Township Liuwei Village Baise Leye Non-degradation land No degradation Tongle Township Dadao Village Degraded land Severe degradation Gantian Township - 36 - BanhongVillage Non-degradation land No degradation Gantian Township Huaping Village Potential degradation Huaping No degradation land Township Bamu Village Huaping Degraded land Severe degradation Township Tangying Village Non-degradation land No degradation Luosha Township Leweng Village Non-degradation land No degradation Xinhua Township Linli Village Non-degradation land No degradation Xinhua Township Nawei Village Non-degradation land No degradation Xinhua Township 4.3.10.2 Social Profiles There are Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Yi, Mulao and Hui ethnic groups. The total population is 173900, among which 49500 are poor people (28.5% ) and 89800 (51.6%) are from minority groups. Net income per capita of rural residents in 2014 was 4926 Yuan. - 37 - Figure 6 Status Quo of Degradation in Project Area - 38 - 4.4 Key Environmental and Ecological Issues 4.4.1 Regional environmental quality To learn about the status of the quality of the environment, we took the conclusion of the Environment Quality Bulletin 2015 as reference. The Project areas are not in urban established areas and the environmental quality is better as there is no industrial pollution source. In 2015, the environmental monitoring station of Hechi City carried out ambient air quality monitoring. Three monitoring points were established and equipped with monitoring systems which monitor 24 hours automatically. Monitored items include SO2 , NO2,, PM10, CO, O3 and PM2.5. The results show that in 2015 the annual average concentration of the sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and respirable particulate matter (PM10) reached the secondary standard of the "Ambient Air Quality Standard" (GB3095-2012); 24-hour average concentration of nitric oxide (CO) and the daily maximum 8 hours mean concentration of ozone (O3) reached the secondary standard of the "ambient air quality standard" (GB30 95-2012); the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exceed the secondary standard of the " ambient air quality standard "(GB3095-2012). Monitoring was undertaken on surface water quality by the seven sections of the four major rivers in Hechi City and special monitoring was carried out for heavy metals in surface water. The results show that in 2015 the average quality of seven sections of the monitored surface water meets or exceed III standards of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" ( GB3838-2002). Among them, the compliance rate of the quality of the sections of the Red River in Liupai and Dahua, the quality of the sections of Longjiang in Liujia, Sanjiangkou and Yangmin and the quality of the section of Diaojiang is 100%; and that of Dongjiang Da Huanjiang is 91.7%. Air Composite Index (AQI) of Baise City in 2015 was at a good level. The number of the good days reaches 323 days. The annual average density of PM10 is 67 micrograms / cubic meter, better than the secondary standard which is 70 micrograms / cubic meter, of the "Ambient Air Quality Standard", decreased by 9.5% compared with 2014. The compliance rate of water quality control at national, provincial and city levels for 14 rivers, lakes and reservoiers in Base City is 100%. The compliance rate of two centralized domestic water sources at city level and 12 at county level is 100%. 4.4.2 Main characteristics of the Karst Landscape and Mountain Desertification 4.4.2.1 Main characteristics of the Karst Landscape Karst landscape is the dominant landscape in Hechi and Baise. Karst mountains are steep with a thin layer of soil on the surface, which is easily eroded. The main physical basis of the Karst mountains is carbonate. Underground is a large number of caves due to erosion by groundwater. Although there is plenty of rainfall and rich groundwater, surface water is hardly conserved due to the large number of holes. Drought and floods occur frequently, which has impact on the lifelihood of the local community. 4.4.2.2 Causes of Karst Mountain Desertification Degradation is caused by natural processes and human factors. Unsustainable development of Humans is the major cause. The two Project Cities, Baise and Hechi, are located in the subtropical monsoon climate with abundant rainfall . When it rains heavily and continuously for several days, the land which has lost forest cover, loses protection and severe soil erosion happens, and sometimes landslides happen, - 39 - leading to desertification. In addition, soil forming in the karst areas is very slow, only 10.4—26t/km² under good humitity and heat. It normally takes 600 to 1,500 years to dissolve a 30-centimeter-thick rock and accumulate 1cm of soil parent material. Soil loss due to lack of vegetation cover has greatly exceeded the speed of soil forming, 6.5 to 17 times. Irreversible soil negative growth is one of the causes of rocky desertification. On the other hand, there is a large population in Project Area. In the past, the conflict between resource and fuel need gets more intensive. The people in these karst areas rely heavily on the resource for food and fuel, ie. deforestation for land reclamation, excessive firewood collection, excessive grazing and mining all of which ruin the vegetation and cause soil erosion. The mountains lose the protection from vegetation and eventually become bare rocky mountains. This is the typical mountain degradation in the karst areas. The current status of rock desertification in the project area is shown in Figure 6. 4.4.2.3 Main measures for desertification control Official statistics for 2005 indicates that the desertification area in Guangxi was 2.38 million ha. ( 29% of the karst area). Desertification in Hechi and Baise is the most severe. Largely, desertification is the main cause for poverty in the area. Guangxi has made large efforts for desertification management, which has actually been combined with poverty alleviation. Mountian Closure, Afforestation, Biogas Tanks (to reduce fuel wood collection) and land conversion for afforestation. All measures have good results. The latest survey shows desertification area in Guangxi has reduced by 45 thousand ha (19% of desertification area). Compared with year 2005. (1)Artificial afforestation and mountain closure Starting from late 1980´ s, Guangxi commenced a programme including Mountian Closure, Afforestation and Fuel Efficient Actions. At the same time, artificial afforestation was encouraged and trees (bamboo, Rendou and Xiangchun) were replanted among rocks. Vegetation cover in some karst mountains increases and fuel wood is addressed through continuous mountain closure and afforestation efforts, which has been helpful for income generation and poverty reduction. (2)Rural Ecological EnergyProgram In 1997, the government of Guangxi held a field workshop in Gongcheng County to promote the Livestock-Biogas-Plantation model. Since then, Guangxi´ s rural energy development entered a rapid development period. In 1998, the Government of Guangxi started a Rural Energy Development Project covering 100 villages, 50 townships and 20 counties. In 2001, another biogas tank program which was funded by the Ministry of Agriculture was commenced in Guangxi. This program focused on biogas tanks and supported upgrading of kitchens, toilets, livestock stalls, water supply, roads and housing. It was expected to accelerate rural energy development and reduce the use of forest resource, as well as improvement of rural living conditions through such programs. (3)Soil and Water Conservation Projects Soil and water conservation projects were commenced, including farmland protection activities and small catchment management pilot activities, water and soil conservation pilot projects (supported by Central level) in the South and North Panjiang Catchment, the upper streams of the Pearl River (Zhujiang), All of these efforts have greatly improved the erosion and degradation management and management methods and experience. (4)Resettlement Projects Since 1993, the Government of Guangxi has been implemented resettlement in minority groups. - 40 - Those whose have harsh natural environment, arable land area per capita less than 0.02 hm2 and problems in food and clothing, are relocated. The resettlement program enables targeted groups to start a new life with better conditions. In one way, it is great support to social and economic development in Guangxi. (5) Rain Collection Tanks (Water Tanks) In the karst mountain areas, water supply is always a big problem. In 1997, a domestic water project was commenced and with water tanks established, 1.5 million rural residents problem in domestic water was addressed. Building on this project experience, in 1998, a rain collection tank for irrigation activity was implemented. Villagers were supported to set up water tanks at home and in the field to improve irrigation. (6)Soil Improving Project Since 1984, Guangxi has been regularly monitoring the soil fertility through 43 monitoring points distributed all over the Province and providing accurate data to improve the quality of farmland. At the same time, new fertilizer development centers and soil experimental bases were established at both provincial and prefecture levels to improve soil fertility and prevent soil from degradation. (7) Cultivated Land Improvement Project In responding to the new Land Management Law, Guangxi started a cultivated land improvement project to improve soil, irrigation, roads, woods and shelter belts in all over Guangxi including the karst areas. As a result, farming facilities and the ecological environment are largely improved to enable productivity to be largely increased. (8)Animal Husbandry and Pasture Pilot Project Since 1998, pasture development and protection has been integrated into animal husbandry development and viewed as an important approach to improve animal husbandry. 1. Development of pasture increases pasture supply so it is possible to increase the number of livestock without increasing pressure on natural pasture; 2. it is possible to implement stall feeding, changing the traditional livestock feeding into a more sustainable model; 3. Improving studies and demonstration on pasture development in degraded karst areas. (9)The Green for Grain Project (Land Conversioin) The Green for Grain Project was piloted in Donglan and Leye Counties in 2001. In 2002, the Project was fully commenced all over the Province and achievement was notable. Most activities of the Project were implemented in the degraded karst areas. Through the Project, slope vegetation is income improves. The Project plays an important role in restored, erosion is mitigated and farmers´ restructuring rural industries. (10)Karst Degradation Management Pilot Project. (10)Desertification Management Pilot Project In 2001, Guangxi commenced a Desertification Pilot Project in 13 Counties which were prioritized for national poverty alleviation, including Pingguo County. The Project was successfully implemented and provides demonstration for degradation management. (11)Forest Ecological Compensation Project In 2001, the government started pilot sites for forest ecological compensation. In 2004, the forest ecological compensation system was implemented and Guangxi was given compensation for public forest and the scale was the same as pilot sites. Implementation of the public forest compensation system largely increases forest managers´enthusiasm and protection awareness. It is very helpful in - 41 - enhancing vegetation protection and development and plays an important role in holding back the trend of degradation. Some of the villages involved in this Project are located in the degraded karst areas. They have limited water resource and arable land area, which is the main cause for their poverty. Through discussion with villagers, it is accepted the main approaches for management are: afforstation, mountain closure, ecological energy activities, water tanks, improving soil fertility, the Green for Grain Project (land conversion) and forest ecological compensation project. The proposed Project will support agricultral production. The crop species (walnut, dragon fruit) selected are suitable for local conditions. 4.4.3 Other Environmental Issues Project areas are in poor karst areas which are far away from established urban areas. There is no industrial pollution and the ecological environment is good. Due to poor infrastructure in the rural areas, domestic water is not treated and solid waste is processed in the small incinerators. Compared with randomly thrown everywhere, incineration is a much more acceptable approach but it produces air pollution issue. Villages which proposed tourism will face a large amount of waste and polluted water when the number of tourists increases dramatically. How to address such problems and make sure tourists have good feelings and experience must be taken into consideration by tourism proposers. For example, the buried micro biological wastewater treatment facilities or make use of the waste disposing systems in the near county town or township to increase disposability should be considered. Crop management in Project villages is still extensive management. Apply of fertilizer is not standard and directed. Livestock or poultry is extensive. Stall sanitation is not well managed and animal waste exposes in the open air. Only some biogas tanks use animal waste to produce biogas. Surface water and sanitation are impacted due to uncontrolled waste water. When the proposed Project is commenced, establishment of cooperatives will increase the number of livestock, which means animal waste will increase. Therefore, waste management and environmental capability need to be increased. There are still no standard design and development for tourism such as homestay or guesthouse. No analysis has been done on the environmental capability. Tourism proposals need to work out protection measures and avoid impact on the environment by good estimate of tourist flow, and avoid too much influence from human activities. - 42 - 5 Environmental and Social Impact and Mitigating Measures 5.1 Summary The design of the Project adopts a form of a Framework. Sub projects are not specifically designed in the preparation period. Their locations will be selected by screening after the Project is commenced. According to the PDO and the components of the Project, it is confirmed that environmental impact will mainly created by CDF sub projects under Component 1 and rural infrastructure activities under Component 2. The CDF under Component 1 will support the weakness in agricultural production (e.g breeding, processing and marketing) to enhance the establishement and development of cooperatives. Crops and livestock or poultry to be involved include Gragon Fruit, Mulberry, Mango, Bamboo, Camellia Oil, Kiwi Fruit, Tea, Walnut, Mulberry and Silkcoon, Wild Grape, Orange and Madarin, Mushroom, Sanwu Chicken, Yao Hometown Chicken, Bama Frangrant Pig and Goat. The CDF will support 100-120 cooperatives during the Project life. These cooperatives are village based and distribuited in the 10 Project Counties in Hechi and Baise. The target is to support development of local specialty product. Among the proposed specises, Mango and Walnut are arbors; Dragon Fruit, Mulberry, Bamboo, Camellia, Tea and Orange are shrubs; Wild Grape and Kiwi Fruit are vines, all of which are perennial plants. Therefore, there will be no frequent tillage or large-scaled land preparation. Production and quality are to be increased by agricultural techniques such as grafting and transplantation. Green and bio agriculture are the industries to be supported. Pest control will take physical methods or low-toxicity pesticides which will be strictly controlled. For livestock or poultry, stall feeding will be adopted for pigs and goats; and chicken will be mainly kept in orchards on household basis and will not involve large farms. The CDF will also support tourist cooperatives and small-scaled infrastructure ad equipment for operation of cooperatives. These small-scaled activities will be invested and managed by cooperatives. Small-scaled infrastructure under Component 2 includes small roads, water supply and irrigation facilities, which will be invested and supported by township government. Road construction include new roads and road upgrading in the village and the field to improve production conditions, as well as roads to processing places and market places. As roads are low-graded roads ( 3~3.5m road surface), construction scale will be small. Small-scaled irrigation facilities are irrigation ditches and water tanks (100~200m3 to collection rain) and will not involve establishment of dams or reservoirs. Business Incubation Center under Component 3 will not involve new construction. Instead it will build on the existing offices. Therefore, there is not potential environmental and social impact. Walnut Dragon Fruit - 43 - Goats Local Pigs Chicken in orchard Water tank 5.2 Environmental Benefit of the Project 5.2.1 Positive Environmental Benefit Implementation of components and sub projects of the proposed Project will follow strictly regulations for environmental protection. Prevention and control measures will be implemented to minimize the impact from project implementation. Establishment of Bamboo, Camellia, Walnut and Grape will improve water and soil conservation, increase soil fertility, protect water resource, fix sand and mitigate karst degradation. It will be useful in absorbing waste gas, reduce noise, purify air and improve the ecological environment. Development of livestock or poultry will provide organic fertilizer, reduce pollution and improve soil fertility. Development of tourism will increase ecological tourist awareness, the environment of the Project Area will be secured and improved by promoting organic fertilizer, efficient chemicals and chemical free pest control approaches by the Project. As well, improved farmers´ competences and environmental awareness will secure the environment improvement of the Project Area. 5.2.2 Negative Enviromental Impact and Mitigating Measures 5.2.2.1 Potential Impact from Agcultural Production (1)Environmental Impact During Implementation Period Two types of waste water in project implementation: 1. Ground or soil preparation at the beginning of implementation can cause surface exposure; fertilizer can be washed away and run into rivers, canals and drainage so the suspended substance in the water could increase and affect the near waters; 2. Implementers produce waste water which would produce organic pollutant and impact the near waters. - 44 - During implementation period, there will be waste gas: ground maintenance, road maintenance and grading, construction of nurseries, burning of tree branches and straws, dust from transportation. The main pollutants include: TSP and PM10. Waste gas from machines and trucks include mainly Nox; waste gas from implementers´ burning coal or gas includes SO2. Dust has a greater impact on the environment. NO2 ,SO2 , but they have little impact as the projects are normally in the open air and dust is blown away quickly. The noise during implementation period would come from transportation, ie. vehicles. But the construction area is wide and relatively decentralized and the number of vehicles is small, therefore, both urban and rural residents will be less affected . Topsoil and vegetation will be the solid waste generated from construction of nurseries, sidewalk maintennce and woodland flattening and clearing. However, topsoil can return to the field and vegetation can be used as green manure There will not be many workers at construction site as they are local residents who would go home after work. There will not be centralized implementation areas. Garbage generated from implementation will be in the village. The New Rural Development Program involves waste disposal, which means waste will be well managed and there will be little impact on the environment. During the course of land preparing, planting and fostering, there will be damages to the vegetation, which will cause erosion. The number of some species would be decreased in some period. If camellia, tea trees, mango, mandarin, mulberry and kiwi are established on slopes or flat land, the soil to be used is a thick layer. In preparing the land (soil), vegetation will be cleared but will cause little soil erosion. When the crops grow to a certain extent, the vegetation will be restored. If dragon fruit, walnut, grape and bamboo are to be established in degraded karst mountain areas, erosion will happen as slopes are steep, with a thin soil layer and little vegetation. Once the vegetation is damaged, the soil will be washed away and the crops will not survive, and natural disasters could happen. Therefore, it is needed to be careful when preparing land for cropping on karst slopes. Land selection should consider the slope (not so steep), wind, sunshine and drainage (good drainage). And land preparing should be arranged in autumn and winter when there is little rain. Vegetation should be protected instead of being cleared. Damage to vegetation should be as little as possible. In addition to the main crops, it is recommended to grow bamboo, rendou, xiangchun and honeysuckle among rocks, which would enhance restore of vegetation. (2)Environmental Impact in Operational Period Application of pesticides and fertilizer will impact surface water and content of N and P will increase. Pesticide will be used for pest control. However, the pesticide to be used will be biological pesticide which has little poison and residue. Therefore, environmental impact is minimized. Pesticide is used only when there is pest epidemic so the application of pesticide is limited. During operational period, there is potential pest epidemic due to the invasion of alien species and the destruction of human activities on regional ecological balance. Application of pesticide will increase when there is pest epidemic, and can cause damage to others and pollution. Camellia, tea, mango, mandarin, mulberry and kiwi which are proposed for the Project, will be established on slopes and valleys. However, there will be only fruit harvest and pruning. There will not be further clearing (cutting), which would not cause degradation. /erosion. Dragon fruit, walnut, and grape have large root systems which are helpful for environmental improvement (soil conservation). Harvest of bamboo must cut the stems and can cause damage to vegetation. Therefore, it is recommended that rotation should be adopted in bamboo harvesting. - 45 - 5.2.2.2 Potential impact from livestock or poultry activities (1)Impact from implementation Impact from establishment of livestock or poultry farm, is mainly from the establishment of stalls, i.e. air pollution caused by the dust from digging and moving soil and the transport of cement, lime, and sand, as well as the construction sites. Waste water from cleaning vehicles and drainage can also cause pollution. Other impact include noise from machines and transportation. In degraded karst areas, establishment of stalls on degraded mountains, quarrying and deforestation are prohibited. (2)Impact from operational period Waste water from livestock or poultry farm is generated from cleaning stalls. Such waste water contains high percentage of COD and ammonia nitrogen. Air pollution from livestock or poultry farm is the fugitive emission of malodorous gases which are generated in stalls, material ground and biogas tanks. Malodorous gas contains ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, styrene, acetaldehyde and skatole which can impact the environment and affect the health of the people involved. Solid waste from livestock or poultry farm include animal waste, residue from biogas tanks and animal dead bodies. Inappropriate disposal can cause impact on surface water and soil. In livestock or poultry farm in degraded karst areas, uncontrolled goat grazing can cause big problems. The vegetation can be destroyed by goats when grazing is uncontrolled. In some areas, mountains are burnt down in winter to produce new and young grass and leaves for goats, which can worsen the degradation. Therefore, uncontrolled grazing and feeding on karst mountains are prohibited. Livestock or poultry farm must adopt stall feeding and pasture development, and maintain the balance between the number of animals and the pasture. 5.2.2.3 Environmental Impact from Rural Tourism Activities (1)Impact from Implementation When building holiday resorts or guesthouses, digging, filling and bulldozing can cause damages on the environment., ie. erosion, and spoil the beauty of the natural landscapes. Residue and materials stored in the open air at construction sites and transport of such residue and materials produce dust and air pollution. Waste water from cleaning vehicles and drainage can also cause pollution. Other impact include noise from machines and transportation. (2)Impact from Operation Tourists and guesthouses produce waste water and rubbish which could cause pollution in surface water when they are not properly disposed. New buildings may not match traditional style and the landscapes. Intensive tourist development can impact the environment and rare and endangered species may be damaged. For example, when using natural pits as scenic spots, environmental capability must be taken into consideration by specification of the number of visitors to avoid impact and damages from over development and human induced activities. - 46 - Natural Pit, the environment of Project Village. Karst mountains, the environment of Project Village 5.2.2.4 Impact from infrastructure activities (1)Negative Impact from Implementation In implementation, infrastructure activities such as road upgrading, water tanks and irrigation system involve digging, filling and bulldozing, which can cause damages on the environment., ie. Erosion. Residue and materials storing in the open air at construction sites and transport of such residue and materials produce dust and pollute the air. Waste water from cleaning vehicles and machines as well as drainage can also cause pollution. Other impact include noise from machines and transportation. Establishment of road and water tanks on degraded karst mountains which involves digging, quarrying and tree clearing, is prohibited. Degraded karst mountains must be strictly managed using mountain closure and afforestation approaches. Water conservation activities to reduce erosion on karst mountains are encouraged. (2)Impact from Operation In operational period, infrastructure sub projects, e.g. roads, water tanks and irrigation facilities have little impact on the environment. However, noise and dust from vehicles and transportation will produce pollution. Operation of small irrigation (water diversion) systems will make change in water resource management (allocation). Small scale processing factories and market places will produce waste water and othe solid waste which need to be properly disposed, otherwise surface water will be polluted. 5.2.2.5 Environmental Impact from Storage Activities (1)Impact from Implementation Period In implementation, establishment of storehouses, market places and small processing factories involve digging, filling and bulldozing, which can cause damages on the environment., ie. Erosion. Residue and materials stored in the open air at construction sites and transport of such residue and materials produce dust and pollute the air. Waste water from cleaning vehicles and machines as well as drainage can also cause pollution. Other impact include noise from machines and transportation. Such activities are prohibited in degraded karst mountains as they will involve many people, many vehicles and intensive transportation, which can cause environmental problems. (2)Impact from Operational Period Operation of storehouses will have little environmental impact. However, cold storage involves refrigerant ammonia which has a potential impact on the environment if it leaks from regrigerators. Selection of location for storehouses must follow relevant regulations and environmental risk management plans must be prepared. Waste water from factories and drainage must be disposed and meet biotechnic standards before it is released into surface water. - 47 - 5.2.3 Mitigating Measures In responding to environmental impact from implementation and operation of various sub projects, the Framework has identified mitigating measures. Details are in Table 5.1-1 and Annex 2. There is still uncertainty in the Project, that is, new projects could be adopted during the implementation period. Mitigating measures should follow Annex 2, with degradation situation taken into consideration. - 48 - Table 5.1-1 Proposed Mitigating Measures (Note: this Table is a reference to Annex 2 that includes activity-specific mitigation plans) Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation General environmental mitigating Ponan Village Xin Medium Positive impact: improving measures for Agricultral production Dragon Fruit Degraded land An Township degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Balong Village Potential Mild Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production and Dragon Fruit Guohua Township degradation land degradation degradation mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Chami Village Potential Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production and Dragon Fruit No degradation Taiping Township degradation land degradation mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Yangiang Village Severe Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production and Dragon Fruit Degraded land Taiping Township degradation degradation mitigating measures for agricultral Baise Pingguo production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating JilinVillage Severe Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production and Dragon Fruit Degraded land Taiping Township degradation degradation mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Xinmin Village Severe Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production and Haicheng Dragon Fruit Degraded land degradation degradation mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Dingdi Village Severe Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production and Haicheng Dragon Frui Degraded land degradation degradation mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas Gaole Village General environmental mitigating Medium Positive impact: improving Haicheng Dragon Frui Degraded land measures for agricultral production and degradation degradation Township and mitigating measures for agricultral - 49 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation production in degraded karst areas Liu An Village Non-degradation Positive impact: improving General environmental mitigating Jiucheng Dragon Frui No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township General environmental mitigating Linlin Village Potential Positive impact: prevent measures for agricultral production and Mulberry No degradation Taiping Township degradation land degradation mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Chami Village Potential Positive impact: prevent measures for agricultral production and Mulberry No degradation Taiping Township degradation land degradation mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Longban Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mulberry No degradation Pozao Township land degradation measures for agricultral production General environmental mitigating Xingeng Village Medium Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production and Jiucheng Mulberry Degraded land degradation degradation mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Yongqi Village Severe Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production and Haicheng Mulberry Degraded land degradation degradation mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Longpai Village Medium Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production and Mulberry Degraded land Fengwu Township degradation degradation mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Yongwang Village Severe Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production and Mulberry Degraded land Bangxu Township degradation degradation mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Lianhe Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Xiangzhou Mango No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Tiandong Township Dingyang Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation Xiangzhou land degradation measures for agricultral production - 50 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation Township Daban Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Zuodeng Mango No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Xin An Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Zuodeng Mango No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township 村 Fuxing Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation Naba Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Minzu Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Bamboo No degradation Liinfeng Townshi land degradation measures for agricultral production Liangyu Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Bamboo No degradation Silin Township land degradation measures for agricultral production NabanVillageYinc Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Bamboo No degradation ha Township land degradation measures for agricultral production General environmental mitigating LixinVillageYinch Extreme Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production Bamboo Degraded Land Township degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Liuzhou Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Bamboo No degradation Naba Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Genbiao Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation Baile Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Bangan Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation Baile Township land degradation measures for agricultral production BoéVillage Badu Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Zhetang Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Tianlin Mango No degradation Badu Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Nongguang Sanyao Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation Lucheng land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Sanyao Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation Lucheng land degradation measures for agricultral production - 51 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation Township Wenhua Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation Leli Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Baxin Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation JAnding Townshi land degradation measures for agricultral production Zhenian Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation Jiuzhou Townshi land degradation measures for agricultral production Pinglin Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mango No degradation Jiuzhou Townshi land degradation measures for agricultral production Guanglong Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Village Jiuzhou Mango No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Gengbio Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Baile Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Bangan Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating No degradation Baile Township Camellia oil land degradation measures for agricultral production BoéVillage Badu Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Zhetang Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Badu Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Nongguang Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Village Lucheng Camellia oil No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Sanyao Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Lucheng Camellia oil No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Bazhong Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Zhemiao Camellia oil No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Baheng Zhemiao Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Pingbu Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation LizhouTownship land degradation measures for agricultral production Wenhua Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Leli Township land degradation measures for agricultral production - 52 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation Balai Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Anding Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Changjin Villag Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Anding Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Baxin Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Jiuzhou Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Zhenian Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Jiuzhou Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Pinglin Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Jiuzhou Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Guanglong Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Village Jiuzhou Camellia oil No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Dacun Village Non-degradation General environmental mitigating Kiwi No degradation No impact Tongle Township land measures for agricultral production Liuwei Village Non-degradation General environmental mitigating Kiwi No degradation No impact Tongle Township land measures for agricultral production General environmental mitigating Dadao Village Severe Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Kiwi Degraded Land Gantian Township degradation managed and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas BanhongVillage Non-degradation General environmental mitigating Kiwi No degradation No impact Gantian Township land measures for agricultral production General environmental mitigating Leye Huaping Village Potential Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Huaping Kiwi No degradation degradation land managed and mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Bamu Village Severe Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Huaping Kiwi Degraded Land degradation managed and mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas Tangying Village Non-degradation General environmental mitigating Kiwi No degradation No impact Luosha Township land measures for agricultral production Leweng Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Tea No degradation Xinhua Township land degradation measures for agricultral production - 53 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation Linli Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Tea No degradation Xinhua Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Nawei Village Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Tea Degraded Land No degradation Xinhua Township degradation measures for agricultral production Jiangdong Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Donglan Camellia oil No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Banlie Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation QieXue Township land degradation measures for agricultral production General environmental mitigating Banlong Village Mild Positive impact: prevent measures for agricultral production Changjiang Camellia oil Degraded Land degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas Antao Village Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil Degraded Land No degradation Bashou Township degradation measures for agricultral production Weirong Village Non-degradation Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating Donglan Chicken No degradation land managed measures for agricultral production Township Banlao Village Non-degradation Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating Chicken No degradation Donglan Aidong Township land managed measures for agricultral production Liutong Village Non-degradation Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating Chicken No degradation Aidong Township land managed measures for agricultral production General environmental mitigating Qiexue Village Medium Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Chicken Degraded Land Qiexue Township degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Gengle Village Potential Mild Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Chicken Changle Township degradation land degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Renhe Village Medium Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Chicken Degraded Land Sanshi Township degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Dongli Village Tourism Non-degradation No degradation Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating - 54 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation Wuzhuan land managed measures for tourism development Township General environmental mitigating Dena Village Potential Mild Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Fenghuang Pig degradation land degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Changhe Village Medium Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Fenghuang Pig Degraded Land degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Bana Village Potential Mild Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Pig Xishan Township degradation land degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Hele Village Potential Mild Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Pig Bama Xishan Township degradation land degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Hechi Poteng Village Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating Tourism Degraded Land No degradation Bama Township managed measures for tourism development Banyang Village Non-degradation Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating Tourism No degradation Bama Township land managed measures for tourism development Donglie Village Non-degradation Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating Tourism No degradation Nashe Township land managed measures for tourism development Yanting Village Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Yandong Camellia oil Degraded Land No degradation degradation measures for agricultral production Township Pingliu Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Suolue Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Langyin Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Suolue Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Changzhou Village Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Fengshan Camellia oil Degraded Land No degradation Changzhou degradation measures for agricultral production Township - 55 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation Nale Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Changzhou Camellia oil No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Na Ai Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Changzhou Camellia oil No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Banren Village Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Changzhou Camellia oil Degraded Land No degradation degradation measures for agricultral production Township BanlunVillage Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Changzhou Camellia oil No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Langli Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Changzhou Camellia oil No degradation land degradation measures for agricultral production Township Nalao Village Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Changzhou Camellia oil Degraded Land No degradation degradation measures for agricultral production Township Heyun Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Qiaoyin Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Nawang Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil No degradation Qiaoyin Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Shanglin Village Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Camellia oil Degraded Land No degradation Qiaoyin Township degradation measures for agricultral production Tongle Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Walnut No degradation Qiaoyin Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Wenli Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Walnut No degradation Qiaoyin Township land degradation measures for agricultral production General environmental mitigating Pocha Village Medium Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production Jinya Township 金 Walnut Degraded Land degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral 牙乡坡茶村 production in degraded karst areas Gengsha Village General environmental mitigating Medium Positive impact: improving Jinya Township 金 Walnut Degraded Land measures for agricultral production degradation degradation 牙乡更沙村 and mitigating measures for agricultral - 56 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Longwang Village Medium Positive impact: improving measures for agricultral production Jinya Township 金 Walnut Degraded Land degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral 牙乡陇旺村 production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Yongji Village Mulberry and Severe Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Degraded Land Yongán Township Silk Cocoon degradation managed and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Liuli Village Non-degradation Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating Chengjiang Chicken No degradation land managed measures for agricultral production Township General environmental mitigating Yuanli Village Potential Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Chicken No degradation Bao An Township degradation land degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Wudong Village Potential Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Goat No degradation Gaoling Township degradation land degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Du’an General environmental mitigating Yijiang Village Mild Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Goat Degraded Land Gaoling Township degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Jiacha Village Potential Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Goat No degradation Gaoling Township degradation land managed and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Extremely Nongming Village Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Goat Degraded Land severe Gaoling Township degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral degradation production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Fuxing Village Potential Medium Negative impact: worsening Goat measures for agricultral production Gaoling Township degradation land degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral - 57 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Jiating Village Severe Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Goat Degraded Land Gaoling Township degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Jiaquan Village Potential Mild Negative impact: worsening measures for agricultral production Goat Gaoling Township degradation land degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Renliang Village Severe Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Grape Degraded Land Dahua Township degradation managed and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Longma Village Non-degradation General environmental mitigating Grape No degradation No impact Dahua Township land measures for agricultral production Jiacheng Village Non-degradation General environmental mitigating Duyang Grape No degradation No impact land measures for agricultral production Township General environmental mitigating Jiasi Village Medium Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Grape Degraded Land Liuye Township degradation managed and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Dahua Longkou Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mandarin No degradation Dahua Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Dunsu Village Non-degradation Mild Positive impact: improving General environmental mitigating Mandarin Dahua Township land degradation degradation measures for agricultral production General environmental mitigating Duyang Village Medium Positive impact: prevent measures for agricultral production Mandarin Degraded Land Duyang Township degradation degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Zhongwu Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mandarin No degradation Duyang Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Wucheng Village Non-degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating Mandarin No degradation Duyang Township land degradation measures for agricultral production Huashan Village Mandarin Non-degradation No degradation Positive impact: prevent General environmental mitigating - 58 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation Liuye Township land degradation measures for agricultral production General environmental mitigating Yantian Village Mulberry and Potential Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Liu San Jie No degradation Silk Cocoon degradation land managed and mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Gudong Village Mulberry and Potential Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Liu San Jie No degradation Silk Cocoon degradation land managed and mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas Guwen Village Mulberry and Non-degradation General environmental mitigating Xiangbei No degradation No impact Silk Cocoon land measures for agricultral production Township Latuo Village Mulberry and Non-degradation General environmental mitigating Xiangbei No degradation No impact Silk Cocoon land measures for agricultral production Township General environmental mitigating Baitun Village Mulberry and Severe Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Degraded Land Anma Township Silk Cocoon degradation managed and mitigating measures for agricultral Yizhou production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Xiao Ai Village Mulberry and Severe Negative impact if not well measures for agricultral production Degraded Land Anma Township Silk Cocoon degradation managed and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Latan Village Mulberry and General environmental mitigating Degraded Land No degradation No impact Anma Township Silk Cocoon measures for agricultral production Kenba Village Mulberry and Non-degradation General environmental mitigating No degradation No impact Anma Township Silk Cocoon land measures for agricultral production Guyu Village Mulberry and Non-degradation General environmental mitigating No degradation No impact Anma Township Silk Cocoon land measures for agricultral production General environmental mitigating Baiwei Village Potential measures for agricultral production Xiangbei Mushroom No degradation No impact degradation land and mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas Gudong Village Potential Potential General environmental mitigating Mushroom No impact Liu San Jie degradation land degradation land measures for agricultral production - 59 - Proposed Degradation Land Status quo of City County Village/Township Impact on Degradation Mitigating Measures Industry Type Degradation Township and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Yantian Village Potential measures for agricultral production Liu San Jie Mushroom No degradation No impact degradation land and mitigating measures for agricultral Township production in degraded karst areas General environmental mitigating Baitun Village Severe measures for agricultral production Mushroom Degraded Land No impact Anma Township degradation and mitigating measures for agricultral production in degraded karst areas Guwen Village Non-degradation Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating Tourism No degradation Xiangbei Townshi land managed measures for tourism development Latuo Village Non-degradation Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating Tourism No degradation Xiangbei Townshi land managed measures for tourism development Yantian Village Potential Negative impact if not well General environmental mitigating Liu San Jie Tourism No degradation degradation land managed measures for tourism development Township - 60 - 5.3 Social Impact Formulation of social impact will follow the Social Impact Assessment Report. Social impact assessment provides assessment on project impact on the poor, women, minority groups and land requisition. 5.3.1 Review on Project Impact on the Poor Group 5.3.1.1 Positive Impact (1)Enhanced industrial restructuring and developed direct industrial chain in market demand The traditional model, still the main model in project village, is farming on household basis. Farmers involve in only production. Industry is not developed. Farm product is challenged by the market due to low production and quality. The Project will use the market as the entry point and try to largely increase poor households´ income by supporting development of local specialties which would have better market expectation. The Project will also support development of Farmer Cooperatives and assist Cooperatives to establish connection with markets ends. It is expected to use such project intervention to improve rural economic development and restructure rural industries, and eventually improve the income of rural poor residents. (2)Enhanced organizational level of farmers and improved farmers´competences and management skills Individual household business is the main model currently. It is hard to improve marketing due to small scale of production and the lack of information. The Project will support setting up farmer cooperatives and through the cooperatives, put poor households together to form larger strength so that their production scale, quality and price are increased, It is, as well, expected to use Cooperatives to reduce the costs for farming and develop better markets. The Cooperatives, after established, should provide technical training and management training for poor households (members) as well as information. And through training and information provided by FC, poor households update their skills and knowledge, develop new competences and adopt new and better management models for their production. (3)Improved infrastructure to improve rural residents´lifelihood The Project will improve the infrastructure in project areas so that villagers in project areas have the basic conditions for development of various specialties. Improved infrastructure will mean that the poor villagers have opportunities for development as infrastructure for production, tourism and for their own living is improved, which is significant for improving health and living standard of the targeted groups. ( 4 ) Increased farmers´ income by enhancing development of local specialty industries The Project aims to increase poor households´income by enhancing the development of the existing specialty industries, e.g. expanding production scale, increase standardization and industrialization, as well as reduction in costs and increase in quality to secure better prices. (5)Enhanced economic development of the whole project areas The Project will drive the development of related industries and rural economy. It is helpful for industrialization and restructuring local industries. When the market is developed and expanded, there - 61 - will be more opportunities for income generation. At the same time, enterprises such as processing factories and storehouses will be set up and employment will be increased. 5.3.1.2 Potential Risks (1)Livelihood risks The costs for some of these industries are high. Poor households lack the start-up funds. The high costs and low affordability will directly affect the enthusiasm of households involved as well as the economic benefits of the Project. (2)Technical Risks Market based and chemical free, which is oriented for specialty industries, will need intensive management. However, poor households are still used to the extensive management model. This will not only affect the quality of the product but will break the industrial chains developed by the Project. Economic and credit losses will happen when the quality required by the sales companies is not fulfilled. (3)Market Risks Problems which may be raised from quality control, whether consumers accept the product and unpredictable problems will create risks for poor households who have only one product structure. Some industries, for example tourism, have not developed models to follow. How to develop a stable market is unclear. (4)Sharing Risks How to develop a profit sharing mechanism between Leaders of FC and poor households to achieve win-win result is a challenge and also one risk. 5.3.2 The Project Impact on Women 5.3.2.1 Expected Positive Impact (1) Increased women’s income by working at home Industrial development provides opportunities for women to work at home. They can work and look after their families at the same time. Production can be organized in the form of cooperatives. Women´ s workload is reduced as they can take work suitable for labor force of the family. Women´s income will increase if product quality is increased and the market is stable. Womrn’s capabilities will be improved . Through technical and management training and participating in FC operation, women’s competences at all aspects and participation awareness will be improved. (2)Improved living standard Income will be increased by participating in project implementation and living standard will be improved. Women who handle social affairs (e.g. kids going to school, family members getting sick, presents for weddings and etc.) for the family will be more confident. Participation in FC opens a wider door for women to expose themselves to the community, through which they learn new things and update information. (3)Improved both household and social status - 62 - When women must stay home looking after their families they have little income so their status is low. When they are involved in FC they have better income while looking after their families at home. Their skills, competences and awareness increase so their status both at home and outside will increase. Women participating in FC and training have a voice. In FC and training they are involved in discussion, recommendation and decision making so their voice is heard. 5.3.2.2 Potential risks for women Social and economic surveys, interviews, workshops and internal discussion were undertaken to assess impact on women. The results indicate that in general the Project will enhance women´ s development and address problems of women and their families, and enhance women´ s stragetic status. However, there is potential risks that women benefit little or are excluded from the Project if there is little gender awareness in project design, implementation and management. The potential risks are: (1)Low level participation of women in FC 1)Low level participation of women in FC management and decision making. In over half of the existing FCs, there are no women managers. All FC leaders or directors are men. In some FCs, there are women at management level, but they work as assistants and are not involved in decision making. Therefore, in designing the Project Operation Manual, it is needed to specify the involvement of women in management and detailed measures for increasing gender awareness. 2)Low level participation of women in specific activities in FC. Members of FCs are households with men´ s names. It is very rare that households join in FCs in the name of women except that the man and the woman join in two different FCs. In connection with the market, sales and related decision making involve mainly men. Women rarely are involved in decision making. Only when the man is not at home, the woman has a chance to participate. Even though, women have no voice in such cases. In related training, participants are mainly men. If such trend is not reversed, the gap between men and women will be expanded, which will create negative impact on women. (2)Increased women´ s workload In industrial development of FCs, there will be both employment opportunities and increased workload for women. If women from poor households obtain profit not by shares of land and investment, instead, by providing labor force (working), their workload will be largely increased. 5.3.3 Impact on minority groups From the attitude of minority groups in project areas, they support and accept the Project and the development of FCs. Project activities will bring no conflict to their original livelihood, culture and traditions. No potential risk has been found from the perspective of development of minority groups in social impact assessment. Identification, analysis and screening of minority groups show that there are Zhuang, Yao, Miao and Maonan ethnic groups in project areas, and it is more important that they are the vast majority, taking up most of the population. These ethnic groups have their own features in social structure, culture, traditions, languages, social communication and religions which are different from the main stream. To identify the real need of these groups and make sure project activities and implementation fit in their culture, World Bank social specialists and the SA team decided there is a need to formulate a Ethnic Minority Development Framework which is in Annex 5. 5.3.4 Impact from Land Acquisition and Demolition It has been confirmed that Land acquisition and demolition will be involved in Component 1-3: development of Pro-poor Value Chains; Infrastructure; Poverty Reduction Industries and Financial - 63 - Support, in Bama, Leye and Pingguo Counties. It is predicted that collective and state own land is involved. Component 1 in other counties will involve land use and adjustment inside the community, as predicted. Some ground structures and attachment will be broken down or removed but no houses are involved. The scale and number of households are not clear. Plans are being worked on. As required by the Bank, a Resettlement Policy Framework has been formulated and the details are in Annex 3. 5.4 Conclusion of Review on Impact General impact from Project activities are summarized in the following table Table 5.4- 1 Comprehensive Review on Impact from Project Activities Environment Natural Environment Social Environment Living Local Ecosystem Solid Waste Air Compensation Activity Standard Economy Afforestation Mulberry +/- + + + Camellia +/- + + + Walnut +/- + + + Mango +/- + + + Infrastructure Passage - - - + - + Water Tank + - + Storehouse - - - + - + Tourism Homestay - - - + - + Hotel Livestock Pig - - - + - + Goat - - - + - + Chicken - - - + - + Note: “+” means benefit/profit “-” means negative impact “+/-” means both - 64 - 6 Procedures to Address Environment and Social Safeguards Issues 6.1 Summary Figure 8 indicates the procedures for processing environmental and social security issues for sub projects accepted by the Project. The main procedures include: 1. Proposals. Sub projects can be proposed by FC (individual households submit applications to FC) or enterprises. The proposals will then be submitted to County Project Offices. At county level, the proposals will be screened using the review forms in Annex 1. Referring to related national policies and regulations, the Provincial Project Management Office will identify the level and the feasibility of the proposed projects. 2. After screening, the project applicant is asked to prepare environmental and social impact assessment documents. Some will be asked to submit generic environmental management plans and disease and pest management plans. If the proposal involves land requisition, a resettlement plan is needed to prepared in accordance with the resettlement policy framework. Minority group development plan applies to projects whose implementers are minority groups. 3. Public Participation and Information Disclosure. Information disclosure can be conducted on the internet, in newspapers or posters. Information include basic information of the project, EIA processes, conclusion of the EIA and how the public obtains EIA report. EIA report can be eletronic or in paper. Public involvement shall adopt questionaire, internew, consultation and others. The first s website. Sub projects projects will be responsible by the Bank, ie. disclosed by the Bank on the Bank´ approved later which are responsible be provincial PMO, will be disclosed on local public notice board and government websites. 4. Following the above documents, the first projects will be reviewed by the Bank to ensure the operation of the projects, and then by provincial PMO, according to the situation of the sub project 5. Project Implementation. First, the implementer of the project must be clear. In general, implementers are households, cooperatives or enterprises. And then the supervisor shall be identified. Normally, supervisors are County PMO, Environmental Protection Bureau or Water Resource Bureau. Supervising shall be undertaken in quarterly basis. Supervising content includes operation of environmental facilities and implementation of water and soil conservation measures. If any environmental issue is found, County PMO shall be informed and the implementing agency is asked to take actions immediately. - 65 - Figure 8 Procedures to Address Environment and Social Safeguards Issues - 66 - 6.2 Screening of Sub Projects (step1) Sub projects under the Project will be specified during the Project implementation period. Only those which meet the conditions for entering the Project are funded. According to the principles for entering the Project, safeguard policies which apply to the Project are: OP4.01 Environmental Assessment; OP4.04 Natural Inhabitats; OP4.09 Pest Management; OP4.10 Indeginal People; and OP4.12 Involuntary Resettlementany sub project classified as Category A, ie. with potential major environmental and social impact, will not be adopted. Project planning uses participatory approaches. Sub projects are proposed by FCs (individual households submits application to FCs and enterprises (which are funded by counterpart funds) during the Project implementation period. The first screening is conducted at county level by County PMO. The proposals are then screened at Provincial level using Annex 1 to identity the category of the project. If the project is identified as Category A, it will not be supported by the Project. If a project is classified as Category B or C, that means it will go into next step. Provincial and County PMOs save the completed and signed screening forms. Annex 1 provides guidelines for filling the screening forms for environmental and social safeguards issues. 6.3 Preparing Environmental and Social Documents (step 2) Annex 2 and 4 provide a generic environmental management plan and a pest management plan. They apply to the first sub projects entering the Project. The later sub projects, if needed, will be improved by the applicants according to the environmental and social issues. Annex 3 provides a resettlement policy framework. Sub projects involving land requisition and resettlement must provide resettlement plans which shall be prepared by the social impact assessment agency entrusted by the PMO. For agcitultural production activitiy- the Project may support dragon fruit, camellia oil, walnut, bamboo, grape, mandarin, kiwi and tea. which will be established on karst mountains and slopes. Annex 2 Part 1, Project Generic Environmental Management Plan provides requirements for selection of locations, species, implementation, land preparing, planting and maintenance. They must have the impact in reducing erosion, water pollution, pesticide, agricultural solid waste and potential physical cultural resource. For the agricultral production in degraded karst areas, the Generic Management plan provides special requirements for seeds, nursery, planting and management. Annex 4, Pest Management Plan provides approaches, measures, implementation arrangement, management and monitoring which are based on IPM. Sub project owners (a farmer cooperative) should provide supplement to the Generic Environmental Management Plan, according to the environmental and social screening for agricultral production sub projects. For livestock or poultry farm, the Project would support pig, goat, yao chicken, black chicken and mulberry an silk cocoons. Main stalls include small scaled pig styles, goat stalls and chicken stalls. Annex 2 Part 2 , generic environmental management plan provides requirements for selection of locations, implementation and operation for livestock or poultry farm. They must have the impact in reducing erosion, water pollution, noise, odor, solid waste and potential. For the livestock or poultry farm in degraded karst areas, the Generic Management plan provides measures for preventing erosion, vegetation damage and waste pollution. Annex 2 Generic Environmental Management Plan provides details for livestock disease control, - 67 - veterinary methods used, implementation arrangements and requirements for management and monitoring. Sub project owners (a farmer cooperative) should provide supplement to the Generic Environmental Management Plan, according to the environmental and social screening for livestock or poultry farm sub projects. For infrastructure sub projects, the Projects would support small-scale activities such as roads, water tanks and water diversion facilities. Part 3 of Annex 2 generic environmental management plan provides requirements for selection of locations during design, implementation and operation periods. They must have the positive impact in reducing erosion, air and water pollution, noise, smell, solid waste and potential. For the agricultral production in degraded karst areas, the General Management plan provides measures for preventing erosion, vegetation damage and waste pollution, avoid potential reverse impact on physical cultural resources. This plan provides measures for erosion control and prevention, vegetation damages and soil and water conservation. Sub project owners (a farmer cooperative or local government) should provide supplement to the Generic Environmental Management Plan, according to the environmental and social screening for infrastructure sub projects. Storehouse sub projects---The Project supports development of warehouses, refrigerators, small farmers market, and small-scale processing enterprises. Part 4 of Annex 2 generic environmental management plan for small scaled infrastructure, provides requirements for selection of locations during design,implementation and operation periods, as well as measures for reducing erosion, air and water pollution, noise, smell, solid waste and potential. For the agricultral production in degraded karst areas, the General Management plan provides measures for preventing erosion, vegetation damage and waste pollution, avoid potential reverse impact on physical cultural resources. In degraded karst areas, such sub projects should be avoided. Project owners (a farmer cooperative or local government) should provide supplement to the Generic Environmental Management Plan, according to the environmental and social screening for storehouse sub projects. For tourism activity----the Project would support tourism related sub projects, including homestay and guesthouses. Part 4 of Annex 2 provides generic environmental management plan for tourism, provides requirements for selection of locations during design,implementation and operation periods, requirements for coordination between buildings and artificial landscapes, measures for reducing erosion, air and water pollution, noise, smell, solid waste and potential cultureal resources. Dissemination of environmental protection knowledge is required . Sub project owners (a farmer cooperative or Village Committee) should following screening of environmental and social issues which may be raised from tourism, and provide necessary supplement. 6.4 Information Disclosure and Public Consultation(step 3) Information disclosure and public consultation include two types of documents: 1. Environmental and Social Management Framework and attachments. 2. environmental and social documents of sub projects which will be prepared during implementation period. In compliance with OP4.01, information disclosure and public participation has been undertaken - 68 - for the Environmental and Social Management Framework and its attachments, and Social Assessment when preparing the Project. Details are in Chapter 9. During project implementation, in principle, information disclosure and public participation shall be conducted for environmental and social documents of sub projects. Impact of sub projects should be considered. Sub project design and implementation should be combined with public participation (consultation). Information disclosure and public participation must meet the requirements of national regulations and the Bank´ s OP4.01. Owners of sub projects are responsible for information disclosure and public participation, and submit the records of public participation and environmental and social documents to provincial PMO. Provincial PMO save the submitted documents in sub project file. Content of sub project information disclosure and public participation should include:  When shall the public be informed to participate? Sufficient time should be given to the public to participate (not less than two weeks). The documents should be publicized in sub project areas, such as village committee, information center of the local government.  How and where shall public participation be undertaken? Meetings, interviews and questionnaires.  Main environmental and social problems  Agreed measures to address the above environmental and social issues. The above records of public participation should be together with environmental and social environment documents publicized at local level. 6.5 Review and Approval of the Environmental and Social Documents (Step 4) Within the Project Management Framework, provincial PMO is responsible for review and approval of all environmental and social documents. If a sub project, according to the EIA Law and other regulations, is required to be submitted to department in charge for improvement, the owner of the sub project must prepare documents and submit for review and approval. 6.6 Implementation, supervision, monitoring and reporting (Step 5) Environmental and social documents must be enforced and implementation. Sub project owners must make sure the environmental management plan, pest management plan, resettlement plan and minority group development plan are implemented. Provincial, City and County PMOs supervise sub project owners to make sure the measures are implemented. In designing sub projects, owners must make sure environmental protection and selection of locations and other environmental protection instruments are included in detailed activity design. Sub projects which need contractors or implementing agencies, should integrate measures into bidding documents and construction contracts, to make sure contractors or implementing agencies implement environmental protection instruments. When implementing sub projects, owners will regularly report to County PMO on project progress. Progress reports should include implementation progress of environmental and social documents, including environmental and social issues and instruments adopted. County PMOs submit documents to provincial level. If problems are found, PMO at all levels should be called for meetings with related departments to identify problems. Field visit to identify solutions should be undertaken if necessary. - 69 - Provincial PMO should submit 6 month report on project progress, including implementation progress of environmental and social action plans of all sub projects, main problems and solutions and schedule. - 70 - 7 Grievance Redress Mechanism The Project has established a transparent and effective complaint and grievance mechanism to make sure, during project application and implementation, villagers’ complaints are received and implementation and land acquisition area successful. The complaint channels are still valid during project implementation so that the affected people are able to process related issues in a timely manner.. The basic grievance channels are as follow: Stage 1: If villagers are not satisfied with project plans and implementation, they shall make an oral or written grievance to the Village Committee. When there is an oral complaint, the Village Committee must process and keep written records, which shall be addressed or responded within two weeks Stage 2:If villagers are still not satisfied with the responses of Stage 1, they can make grievance to the Township PMO after receiving the response. The PMO should respond within 2 weeks. Stage 3: If unsatisfied, villagers can make grievance to the County PMO after receiving the response of the PMO. The County PMO should respond within 30 days Stage 4 Those who are still unsatisfied can raise an administrative litigation to the City Courthouse. All grievances and responses will be kept by County PMOs. The affected can make grievance related to all aspects of project plan and implementation, including the selection of beneficial households. The above grievance channels and the name, location, responsible persons, telephone numbers of processing agencies will be made known among farmers by publicizing at meetings and announcements so they are fully aware of their grievance rights. All relevant institutions will accept project households’ complaints and grievances for free. The relevant expenditures will be reimbursed from the unexpected costs of the project. The grievance procedure is valid through the whole project implementation period to guarantee farmers are able to use it to deal with related issues. Processes for Complaint and Girevance are indicated in Figure 9 - 71 - Complainant Feed Complaint by letter, telephone, back email etc. to the com Village Committee Township PMO County PMO Legal Means plain ant , if nece According to complaint ssar y, com plain Process directly Instruct lower level Submit to higher Judicial processing t to process level PMO hand ling re Results of processing su lt Grievance process Processing proccess Feedback process s 处理程序 at Figure 9 Grievance Processes th e co mm un it y pu bl ic it - 72 - y 8 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure Public participation is a method through which the attitude and views of the public towards construction project are understood. As well, it provides an opportunity for the public to participate in environmental impact assessment (EIA). Public participation makes environmental assessment more democratic and more open. It avoids the one-sided decision-making and reduces objection in future implementation. Under the Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment and relevant regulations of the World Bank, EIA must take opinions of the public into consideration. 1. Allow public participation in understanding of project objectives, scale and location, as well as the potential pollution on the surrounding areas and measures to be taken for such pollution during project implementation and operation. Allow the public to make opinions so that the project is understood and supported. 2. Consultation with the local resident on the experiences and feelings on their living environment will help to review the current conditions and standards of all relevant environmental elements, allow the EIA to be more objective and protect the benefits of the public. Household surveys were made in project areas to have a better view of the situation. Guangxi Foreign Capital Poverty Reduction Project Management Center (Guangxi PMO) together with all relevant agencies of 10 project counties (cities) have been carrying out a series of surveys and public opinion consultation since November 2014. During the project preparations, the social assessment report team and project feasibility report agency and EIA agency have publicized the relevant project information. and carried out the informed consultation and adequate public participation in advance. Public consultation and participation have been early and fully conducted. (1)Informed and Publized Project Information 1) 117 Project Villages were selected out of 200 candidate villages in 10 Project Counties between July 2015 and March 2016, by open competition after mobilization was undertaken. 2)In the last six months of 2015, 10 project county (city) PMOs selected 2-3 project villages respectively in each county, held early publication on project objectives and approaches and promoted the local community to prepare the establishment of the cooperatives. 3) From November 2015 to Apr 2016, project information was disseminated through the processes of social impact assessment (SIA), EIA and feasibility study. (2)Public Consultation and Survey in the field SIA public consultation and survey: SIA formulation group carried out field surveys in the project areas, visited all involved 10 Counties (cities) from November 2015 to April 2016. By means of questionnaires, meetings and interviews, the group had a fair comprehension of the production and living conditions of the relevant project households and made detailed records about their comments and suggestions on project implementation. Consultation workshops and group discussions were organized to consultate with and interview relevant stakeholders Details are in Table 8.1-1. Public consultation and surveys for project feasibility study: WB Feasibility Study Group carried out field visits in 10 Project Counties (cities) from July to September 2015, consultating with the public and collecting public opinions for the feasibility study of the Project, in the form of workshop, interviews and disucussions, which involved villagers, representatives of dragon-head companies and government officials. Public participation was helpful for improvement of the Report on Feasibility Studies. Details are in 8.1-2. - 73 - Public consultation and survey for Environmental Impact Assessment: EIA development group carried out field visits in 10 Project Villages in 5 Project Counties (cities) between January and March of 2016. By means of seminars and discussions, the Group identified environmental problems in Project Villages and potential impacts of WB project. Villagers and village leaders were involved. Records were made and integrated into the EIA Report. Details are in Table 8.1-3. Development of the SIA Report, Feasibility Study Report and the EIA Report mentioned above were based on the results of the questionnaire, focus interviews and workshops involved by the public. - 74 - Table 8.1-1 Summary of Public Participation in SIA Surveys Type of Numbers of Time Venue Contents of Activity Participants Note participation People Leaders from main departments of 10 1. Each department introduced about poverty counties (cities), mostly alleviation status of the department; A total of 10 All the leaders of being leaders from the 2. Discussed about main difficulties in informal talks were relevant main departments poverty work in the county; held in the 10 departments were pegging with the 3. Exchanged on the poverty alleviation project counties prepared before project, such as the PAO of all projects implemented by all the departments; (cities), including attending the Informal talks Agricultural Bureau, July 2015 the project 4. Which works did the initial working 51 interviews with informal meetings, and interviews the Forestry Bureau, to March counties department of WB Project participate; relevant many of them with relevant the Animal Husbandry 2016 (cities), WB 5. Discussed about feasibility of main departments of the prepared materials departments Bureau, the Office industries in the project from different government beforehand, and Agroeconomic Station, perspectives; With more than 150 some departments the PAO, the 6. Analyzed possible impacts of WB project attendants, in which had more than 2 Nationalities Bureau, from different perspectives; women accounted attendants in the the Women’s 7. Problems and difficulties in for 20% informal meetings. Federation, the implementation, as well as suggestions Development and Reform Bureau, the - 75 - Communication Bureau and the Tourism Bureau, etc. The relevant persons in 1. Each leading enterprise introduced basic charge of 19 information about themselves agricultural companies, PAO of all 2. Difficulties the enterprise encountered in Totally interviewed the main attendants in All being local Informal talks July 2015 the project production and sales; 19 enterprises, with the informal talks were enterprises from with leading to March counties 3. Cooperation status between the enterprise more than 20 the persons in charge of the project enterprises 2016 (cities), WB and the cooperatives; attendants, the enterprises, legal counties Office 4. Plan of the enterprise to cooperate with the including 2 women representatives or main cooperatives in future; managers of the main 5. Completed a questionnaire enterprises. 1. Basic information about the cooperatives; 2. Main products of the cooperatives; Totally interviewed Interviews All the 3. Requirements and procedures for farmers 23 cooperatives, Including July 2015 Managers’ with project to join; with 48 attendants, cooperatives of to March representatives from 23 cooperative counties 4. Management of the cooperatives; including 7 women non-project 2016 cooperatives managers (cities) 5. Information about the persons in charge; and 36 ethnic villages 6. Sales channels; minority people 7. Distribution of interests; - 76 - 8. Advantages, disadvantages and difficulties in operation 1. Basic information about the administrative Totally held 29 Discussing villages; All the Village cadres and group discussions, with village July 2015 2. Discussing about production and sales of project villagers’ with 141 attendants, cadres and to March agricultural products; counties representatives from including 11 women villagers’ 2016 3. Development status of leading industries; (cities) the sample villages and 108ethnic representatives 4. Conditions of the cooperatives; minority people 5. Status of loans 1. Advantageous conditions and difficulties for poor households to participate in the main Totally organized industries 29 informal talks Informal talks 29 sample 2. Attitudes of the poor households about the with the poor with July 2015 villages in 10 Representatives of poor planned industries households, with representatives to March project households from 29 3. Analyzing and discussing about restrictive 169 attendants, of poor 2016 counties villages factors for developing industries including 8 women households (cities) 4. Expectations about establishing and 150 ethnic cooperatives for developing industries minority people 5. Expectations about the project Informal talks July 2015 29 sample 1. Advantageous conditions and difficulties Women’s Totally organized with women’s to March villages in 10 for women to participate in the main representatives from 29 29 informal talks - 77 - representatives 2016 project industries villages with the poor counties 2. Attitudes of the women about the planned households, (cities) industries attended by 162 3. Analyzing and discussing about restrictive women, including factors for developing industries 112 women from 4. Expectations about establishing poor households cooperatives for developing industries and 149 ethnic 5. Expectations about the project minority people More than 600 people were sampled from 560 households in 29 29 sample Conducting questionnaire investigation to the Note: In some Sampling households, 10 July 2015 villages in 10 farmers, learning their basic information and families, several investigation counties for visiting, to March project livelihood status, as well as their 560 farmers people participated with target in which: 2016 counties understanding about, attitude toward and in investigation groups Women: 210 (cities) needs for the cooperatives and the project and feedbacks Poor households: 362 Ethnic minority: 514 Interviewing April 2016 5 project Held information talks with the enterprises Company Totally 16 people, - 78 - potential counties willing to participate in the incubation center, representatives and in which 10 were incubation and constituted the idea for operating the PMO staff persons in charge of center incubation center as a company. enterprises, including 3 women Source of Data: Collation of investigation data for social assessment. Table 8.1-2 General descriptions about public participation in feasibility study Type of Numbers of Time Venue Contents of Activities Participants Note participation people 1. Basic socioeconomic conditions and poverty People in charge of status of the county Development and Reform Holding informal 2. Standards, process and results of selecting Bureau, Poverty Alleviation talks with and Totally All the the project villages and industries; Office, WB Office, Forestry visiting relevant July 2015 to interviewed project 3. The development overview of the selected Bureau, Agriculture Bureau, departments, September 141 people, counties and industries, plan, advantages and inputs; Animal Husbandry and project townships 2015 including 20 cities 4. Status quo of development of the Aquatic Products Bureau, and leading women cooperatives; Tourism Bureau, Financial enterprises 5. Ideas and expectations of all the departments Office, project townships, and project townships about the project; representatives from county - 79 - 6. Overview of leading enterprises, status quo level project experts of cooperation with the farmers, and consultancy committee, possibility of participation in project representatives from leading construction; enterprises and 7. Collecting basic data and relevant planning representatives from such content, etc. banks as rural credit cooperatives, etc. 1. Basic information about the villages, as well as level of understanding about the project, etc. Managers of the already 2. Situation of villages or cooperatives established cooperatives, All the Interviewing participating in competitive selection of representatives from the relevant 68 people from managers of project villages; cooperatives prepared to be July 2015 to project 11 villages. cooperatives, 3. Status quo of development and construction established, party secretaries September villages in all In which: village cadres and preparation of cooperatives, problems and of the villages, village heads, 2015 the project Women: 23 villagers’ needs; women’s director of the counties and Poor people: 30 representatives 4. The needs and plan of villages or villages, representatives of cities cooperatives for participating in project poor households and construction; women/s representatives 5. Causes for selecting the industries, advantages, development status quo and - 80 - input – output status, as well as difficulties and needs of industrial development; 6. The means of operation and profits distribution of the cooperatives and the supports to the poor households, etc. Source of Data: Collation of investigation data for feasibility study. Table 8.1-3 Overview of Public Participation in Consultation in the course of Environmental Impacts Assessment Type of Time Venue Contents of activities Participants Number of people Notes participation Held informal talks with The main current environmental villagers to learn current 75 attendants problems of the project villages Informal talks with Sampled 10 environmental problems In which: included: Lack of water, being stony Village cadres representatives from project villages in the project villages, Representatives of desertified mountainous areas; the and farmers’ communities subject January – from 5 project conditions of the project poor households: 18 project planned to be implemented in representatives to environmental March 2016 counties, and held planned to be Women’s the project villages was goat raising, from the project impacts of the informal talks in implemented, and representatives: 21 the status quo is the raising mode of villages project the villages treatment measures for Ethnic minority semi-captivity and semi-stocking, current environmental people: 58 with goats bred in small grassland in impacts, etc. the mountains, with small scales; the - 81 - current control measures for environmental impacts mainly included ecological forests, constructing water tanks for storing water, concentrated incineration of municipal solid wastes, and using goat excrements as manure. Holding informal talks with the representatives Leye County is a national of the cooperatives and demonstration county for organic 13 people attended the enterprises to learn agriculture, where the farmers the informal talks Informal talks with the current Informal talks understand organic agriculture In which: representatives from environmental problems with the relatively well, and the regional Poverty Representatives enterprises subject to March 7, of the project village, representatives environmental problems mainly Alleviation Office from enterprises: 7 environmental 2016 the conditions of project of the include: Lack of water, being stony of Leye County Representatives impacts of the planned to be cooperatives and desertified mountainous areas with from cooperatives: 5 project implemented, and the enterprises incomplete infrastructures such as Women’s control measures for roads; the project currently representatives: 3 current environmental implemented in the project village impacts, and pest control include growing tea and kiwi fruit. status. Source of Data: Collation of investigation data for environmental impacts assessment. - 82 - 8.1 Survey Methods Public participation adopted mainly interviews, ie. information was collected by interviews and questionnaires, while the general methods are quantative or semi quantative surveys. Through questionnaire, quantative surveys provide accurate statistics and semi-quantative surveys are more flexible. Social surveys allow deep understanding of the impact from the Project on local environment and economy. 8.2 Survey Methods and Results 8.2.1 SIA Surveys The SIA development group carried out field visits in the 10 Project Counties (cities) between November 2015 April 2016. By means of questionnaires, meetings and interviews, the group had better comprehension on the production and living conditions of households to be involved in the Project and made detailed records for their comments and suggestions on project implementation. Consultations with villagers and group discussions were organized, through which the Group interviewed relevant stakeholders. (1)Survey targets and percentage The public participation surveys involved people in the impacted areas. Occupation, gender, age, nationality and educational backgrounds are in statistic table 8.2-1 – 8.2-4. Table 8.2-1 Age of Surveyed Groups Male Female Summation Age Numbers % Numbers % Numbers % ≤6 125 9.16 85 7.4 210 8.4 7-17 215 15.7 150 13.0 364 14.5 18-35 453 33.1 373 32.3 825 32.8 36-50 327 23.9 290 25.1 616 24.5 51-60 209 15.3 185 16.0 394 15.6 ≥61 38 2.8 72 6.3 110 4.4 Subtotal 1366 1154 2520 Table 8.2-2 Education of Surveyed Households Male Female Summation Education status Numbers % Numbers % Numbers % Illiterate 155 11.4 259 22.4 414 16.4 Primary school 435 31.8 402 34.8 837 33.2 Junior high school 508 37.2 315 27.3 823 32.7 High school or 154 11.3 100 8.7 254 10.1 - 83 - Technical Secondary School  junior college 110 8.2 72 6.2 182 7.2 Undergraduate 4 0.3 6 0.5 10 0.4 Master degree or above 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Subtotal 1366 1154 2520 Table 8.2-3 Employment of Surveyed Households Male Female Summation Occupation Numbers % Numbers % Numbers % Farming 560 41.0 620 53.7 1180 46.8 local business/processing 24 1.8 24 2.1 48 1.9 Soldiers/polices 3 0.2 2 0.2 5 0.2 Civil servant 14 1.0 7 0.6 21 0.8 Retired 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0 Employees in local private 14 1.0 8 0.7 22 0.9 enterprises Long-term migrant 219 16.0 116 10.1 335 13.3 workers Short-term migrant 41 3.0 22 1.9 63 2.5 workers Housewife 8 0.6 9 0.8 17 0.7 Village cadres 66 4.8 13 1.1 79 3.1 Students 276 20.2 200 17.3 476 18.9 Others 140 10.3 133 11.5 273 10.8 Subtotal 1366 1154 2520 Table 8.2-4 Ethnic Groups of Surveyed Households Male Female Summation Nationality Numbers % Numbers % Numbers % Zhuang nationality 1088 55.1 886 44.9 1974 78.3 Yao nationality 115 41.6 161 58.4 276 11.0 Miao nationality 0 0.0 2 100.0 2 0.1 Maonan nationality 2 40.0 3 60.0 5 0.2 - 84 - Dong nationality 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Hannationality 152 62.6 91 37.4 243 9.6 Others 7 35.0 13 65.0 20 0.8 Subtotal 1364 54.1 1156 45.9 2520 100.0 Table 8.2-1 and Table 8.2-4 indicate the surveyed targets include people from all walks of life including farmers and leaders aged from old to young, educational degree from primary school to university graduates. Ethnic groups were involved. The SA survey is highly representative, random and convincing. (2)Survey content Results of surveys are in the following table(referred to SIA) Table 8.2-5 The project participation information table Han Zhuang Other Total nationality nationality nationality household HH % HH % HH % HH % Have you heard of  yes 21 45.7 234 51.5 20 33.3 275 49.1 World Bank loan poverty reduction  no 25 54.4 220 48.5 40 66.7 285 50.9 project?  from village 17 81.0 146 62.4 14 70.0 177 64.4 meeting  heard from other 4 19.1 39 16.7 3 15.0 46 16.7 Which sources have people you heard of the  seen from Project? the 0 0.0 22 9.4 0 0.0 22 8.0 publicity  form this time of 0 0.0 22 9.4 2 10.0 24 8.7 survey  others 0 0.0 5 2.1 1 5.0 6 2.2 Have you known of  Very clear 5 23.8 40 17.1 1 5.0 46 16.7 what does the project  majority 4 19.1 63 26.9 5 25.0 72 26.2 - 85 - is planning to do ? understand  litter 5 23.8 66 28.2 9 45.0 80 29.1 understand  Know very 5 23.8 49 20.9 4 20.0 58 21.1 little  not clear 2 9.5 16 6.8 1 5.0 19 6.9 Table 8.2-6 Farmers’ attitude and understanding on the cooperative projects Han Zhuang Other Total nationality nationality nationality household HH % HH % HH % HH %  Very Is it 16 76.2 150 64.1 10 50.0 176 64.0 important important  important 4 19.1 76 32.5 9 45.0 89 32.4 for your  Common family to 0 0.0 6 2.6 1 5.0 7 2.6 important increase  not very income 1 4.8 1 0.4 0 0.0 2 0.7 important through the  Has nothing Project or to do with 0 0.0 1 0.4 0 0.0 1 0.4 not? my family Is it  necessary 43 93.5 407 89.7 53 88.3 503 89.8 necessary  Not to build up necessary the 3 6.5 47 10.4 7 11.7 57 10.2 cooperativ es? Do you  Willing 43 93.5 382 84.1 51 85.0 476 85.0 and your family  Not willing 3 6.5 72 15.9 9 15.0 84 15.0 willing to dedicate - 86 - labors or not? What is  Very 32 69.6 308 67.8 34 56.7 374 66.8 your supportive attitudes to  supportive 11 23.9 128 28.2 23 38.3 162 28.9 the World  Indifferent 3 6.5 18 4.0 3 5.0 24 4.3 Bank loan  Opposition 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 poverty what is the reduction reasons for project? opposition? The results of the surveys indicate: (1)More than half of the surveyed people had not heard of the project. Most of them know a little about the project through village meetings. (2)Most surveyed people accept the cooperatives. 89.% considered cooperative development was necessary. 85% were willing to increase labor force, 95.7% support the Project. As well, it is indicated: (1)Information disclosure of the project is not sufficient. It needs to be further strengthened during project implementation. Public participation needs to be improved to make the project widely known. (2)Surveys show that the public praises highly on the significance and reliance of the cooperative. Most of them are willing to be involved in project implementation. Most of them support the project, which means that the project should be developed in form of Cooperatives. It will be helpful for Project implementation. 8.2.2 EIA surveys Surveys were made in five Project Counties between January to March 2016. Interviews, questionnaires and workshops were organized to collection on existing industries, proposed industries and selection of project locations, as well as environmental problems in project areas. Surveys forms were handed out to collect villagers’ requests and recommendations on project implementation and environmental aspect. - 87 - Public Participation in Du’an Public Participation in Donglan Public Participation in Bama Public Participation in Leye (1)Survy targets Five counties were involved in the survey: Du’an, Donglan, Bama, Fengshan and Leye Counties. Ten villages were involved and 29 forms were fulfilled. Information of involved villagers are in the following Table 8.2-7。 Table 8.2-7 The information list of People in surveyed Education No. Name Gender Age Nationality Occupation Living adress statue Huang Wudong village,Gaoling 1 M 56 Zhuang farmer High school ruogen township, Du an County junior Tang Yuanli village, Bao an 2 M 30 Zhuang farmer middle Xiuyou Towhshio, Du an County school junior Zhou Yuanli village, Bao an 3 M 62 Zhuang farmer middle Shengke Towhshio, Du an County school junior Banlao 4 Han Jian M 40 Zhuang farmer middle Vilage,AidongTownship,Do school nglan County - 88 - Ban Junior Cao wang shan Tea Co.ltd in 5 F 46 Yao farmer Fengqun college Leye County Nongxiong Meng Junior subvillage,Gengdong 6 M 30 Yao farmer Yongdi college Village,Changle Township, Donglan County junior Banlao Chen 7 M 40 Zhuang farmer middle Vilage,AidongTownship,Do Yong school nglan County junior Liu Bana village,Xishan 8 M 60 Han farmer middle Zutang Township,Bama County school Lashi Subvillage, Hele Huang Junior 9 F 33 Zhuang farmer Village, XishanTownship, Xiaolan college Bama County Zou Junior Shilin village, Tongle 10 M 39 Zhuang Nian si college Township, Leye County Liang entrepreneu under Longqu Moutain Tea 11 M 62 Zhuang Jiaxi r graduate Factory in Leye County Dongwen Village, Zhou village 12 M 51 Zhuang High school JiuhuaTownship, Leye Ganling director County Technical Xianong eco-food Guan 13 M 34 Han Secondary development Co.ltd in Leye Yening School County Yang Changlun Tea Co.ltd in 14 Chang M 49 Han principal High school Leye County lun Lu primary Lewen Subvillage,Xinhua 15 M 46 Zhuang farmer Tingying school Township, Leye County junior Lewen Subvillage,Xinhua 16 luo Dong M 59 Zhuang farmer middle Township, Leye County school - 89 - junior Lewen Subvillage,Xinhua 17 Luo lisi M 31 Zhuang farmer middle Township, Leye County school junior Lewen Subvillage,Xinhua 18 Luo Lijia M 40 Zhuang farmer middle Township, Leye County school junior Huang Lewen Subvillage,Xinhua 19 M 37 Zhuang farmer middle Anling Township, Leye County school junior Luo Lewen Subvillage,Xinhua 20 M 42 Zhuang farmer middle Cheng Township, Leye County school junior Zhou Village Huaping Village,Huaping 21 M 52 Han middle Huaxue cadre Township, Leye County school Chen junior Village Huaping Village,Huaping 22 Mingshe M 38 Han middle cadre Township, Leye County ng school Technical Zhou village Huaping Village,Huaping 23 M 37 Han Secondary Huayuan director Township, Leye County School Deng village party Huaping Village,Huaping 24 M 48 Han High school Xiangxin secretary Township, Leye County Chen junior village Nalao Village,Changzhou 25 Sheng M 59 Zhuang middle director Township,Fengshan County dao school junior Lela Subvillage,Nalao Chen 26 M 59 Zhuang farmer middle Village,Changzhou Lankun school Township,Fengshan County Zhang Village Wenli Village,Qiaozhang 27 Yuan M 58 Han High school cadre Township,Fengshan County quan 28 Zhang M 42 Han Migrant junior NO. Subvillage,Qiaoyin - 90 - Guangju worker middle Township,Fengshan County school Zhu Wenli Village,Qiaozhang 29 Chao M 50 Han farmer High school Township,Fengshan County zhong (2)Survey Results Table 8.2-8 The public opinion of project and the result of survey statistics Survey contents Answers NNT (%) Known 28 97 1.Have you known of World Bank loan Guangxi Poor Rural Poverty Heard 1 3 alleviation Pilot Projects? Don’t know 0 0 Good 28 97 2.How do you think of the local Not so good 1 3 enviroment statue? Worse 0 0 Air pollution 0 0 Surface pollution 2 7 underground pollution 0 0 3.Do you think are there any main environmental problems in Soil pollution 0 0 local?(multi-selected) Noise pollution 0 0  Ecological damage 2 7 Don’t know 0 0 4.Do you support the Yes 115 97 implementation of the Project? No 3 3 (1)Understanding of the Project 97% of the public knows the project, 3% heard of the project, which means project information has been disseminated effectively in the surveyed areas. (2)Opinions on environmenat quality 97% of the public considered the local environmental quality was very good or good; 3% considered it average. Most of public are satisfied with the quality of local environment. (3)Opinions on environmental problems Statistical results indicate that villagers considered there are no problem in the local environment.Only 7% considered the surface water is polluted and ecological is damaged. The public - 91 - concerns more the surface water and ecological environment (4)Attitude towards the Project Survey results indicate that all surveyed targets support the Project. It was indicated in interview process, surveyed households hoped to enhance project development. Their attitude is positive. (5)Do you have any requests or recommendations for the Project? During interviews households filled out questionnaires and provided personal requests or recommendations on the project development: ① fasten project development ② build preliminary processing facilities (buildings and machinery) for farm product. ③professional technical support and training are provided ④ build marketing platform. (6)Do you have any requests or recommendations for environmentatl management of the Project? Surveyed households also indicated their comments and requests on environmental management in project implementation and development: establishment of solid waste treatment facility (domestic waste, solid waste during industry development, animal waste, etc.), settin up biogas tanks for livestock or poultry farm; and strengthening of environmental management. Surveys indicate there are no large-scale factories and industry polluting points in surroundings of the project villages. The main environmental problems include shortage of water resources, village being dominated by rocks, inconvenient communication, constrained industry development and limited cultivated land area. Activity category and site selection should be decided according to land use conditions and local ecological environment, in particular, tourist development activities must take the extent of development and regional eco-environment into consideration. The proposed industries are basically in line with the local environment conditions. For example, Wenli village of Fengshan County, as a rocky mountain village, has selected Walnut as a supported industry. Nalao village of Fengshan County chose to maintain the original camellia forest (for camellia oil) and apply organic fertilizer. Wudong village of Du’an County adopted semi-stall feeding for goats and establishment of a “grassland” in the mountains. Cropping not only improves the living standards of farm households, but also is helpful for improvement of regional environment (rocky desertification) . 8.3 Conclusions of Public Participation SIA and EIA surveys indicate 95% of the public support the Project. No objection to the project implementation has been found , which shows the public holds positive views towards the Project. Most villagers and leaders consider that implementation of the Project will largely improve the production and living environment of the rural poor households and enhance industrial restructuring and development. The Project will enhance the development of the second and tertiary industry, largely increase employment, drive regional economic and lift the rural poor people out of poverty. All hope the project be commenced as soon as possible. The local communites highly support the Project. 8.4 Continuous Public Participation Public participation is a continuous process which goes through from project design, implementation to operation. It should be open to the public and public plan shall be set up. 8.4.1 Preparations for Project Implementation During project preparation, it is necessary to allow unlimited publc participation and negotiation - 92 - with the main stakeholders. Opportunities must be provided for information disclosure and public participation, to increase effective participation of all stakeholders, especially the major stakeholders, improve their awareness and participation, ensure targeted groups and affected stakeholders are fully informed and involved in the project. Rights to know, participate, supervise, speak and make decisions must be secured to enhance project implementation and minimize social and environmental costs in implementation and operation of the Project. On the other hand, households have little information and participation in project preparations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a workplan to enhance households’ understanding and participation in project design, as well as opportunities and approaches, rights and obligations for participation. Institutionalization of participation shall be made through program design. Make sure the Project benefits directly beneficiaries, in particular, participation of ethnic groups, poor households and women who are the volunerable groups. On 12 May 2016, provincial PMO publicized SIA and EIA Reports and the Environmental and Social Management Framework on Guangxi Poverty Alleviation website. http://www.gxfpw.com/html/c7/2016-05/150020.htm On 13 May 2016, provincial PMO publicized SIA and EIA Reports and the Environmental and Social Management Framework on Guangxi Daily’s website is : http://gxrb.gxnews.com.cn/html/2016-05/13/content_1264771.htm, The following is a copy of Guangxi Daily. - 93 - - 94 - 8.4.2 Participation through the Whole Project Implementation Processes Project public participation runs through the whole process from preparation, implementation to operation, including main contents, participants and their roles, participatory methods and requirements. 8.4.3 Project M&E M&E agencies: County PMO is the implementing agency of internal monitoring; an independent monitoring agency will be responsible for the third-party monitoring and evaluation. Monitoring content and indicators: the specific contents and indicators are detailed in project operational manual. M&E arrangement: mid-term review, post assessment, social impact monitoring, resettlement monitoring and environmental monitoring - 95 - Table 8.4-1 Action Plan for Public Participation Project Participant Participant Participant Rules and Methods Responsible Bodies Results Stages Activities Methods Objects Put up the counselor recruitment The villagers could be informed of the Counselor Village All villagers and notice in the villages; Publicize the County project office content and result of the counselor Recruitment Publicity village cadres results of the counselor recruitment recruitment. in the villages Provincial project The villagers could be informed of the Media Publicize the basic project situation office, project information. All villagers Publicity of the villages in the city/ county/ city/county/area area project office Project Publicize the project contents on The villagers could be informed of the Preparation Internet City/county/area All villagers the institution websites of the project information. Stage Project Publicity project office poverty alleviation. Publicity Village cadres The villagers could be informed of the Mobilization meetings and The county project Office holds the The county project project information. the general meetings of village head or village office, project All villagers assembly of secretary in cooperation with the township, village villagers township, and informs the basic cadres representatives project information. Village Village cadres The villagers could be informed of the All villagers Publicize the key contents in the - 96 - Publicity villages, with the publicity time no project information. (notices, less than 2 weeks) banners, and broadcast) Proposals Village cadres shall send to families The villagers shall be informed of the All villagers Village cadres Publicity after the reception of proposals project information. Villagers shall take part in the Evaluation of the counselors; supervision of counselors in Complaint situation of the counselors information publicity and Village cadres, collected by the Village Committee and Supervising the All villagers mobilization, cooperative city/county/ area project office Supervision counselors foundation, training, industrial project office、 and development planning and the Management Project operation situation. Implement Supervision of The county project he villagers could be informed of the All villagers, Supervision of the construction ation Stage the Project office, construction construction situation cooperatives quality by the Villagers construction companies Basic Project Situation, Industrial Publicity cadres shall be informed the basic Village cadre, Cadres development planning, project project situation, industrial development Organization counselors, The county project Training operation procedures, establishment planning, project operation procedures; and Training villagers Office Publicity of stock cooperative, the Publicity cadres shall be informed the representatives requirements of the donation by mobilization methods and contents. - 97 - cooperatives, infrastructure construction, and the village publicity and mobilization activities. Basic Project Situation; advantages The villagers shall be informed the basic and disadvantages of the operation project contents, industrial development procedures; industrial development planning, and project operation procedures. Villagers Village cadres, planning, establishment of stock Publicity counselors and All villagers cooperative, the requirements of the Mobilization villagers donation by cooperatives, Training representatives infrastructure construction, and the village publicity and mobilization activities. Send out the Project Office shall send the The county project The villagers shall be informed the basic publicity All villagers brochures to all villagers by Office and village project contents, industrial development brochure Village Committee. cadres, planning, and project operation procedures. Construction personnel shall Villagers shall be informed of the The county project Construction publicize the construction construction situation Put up the All villagers, office, and the Information information once a month, and posters cooperatives construction Publicity publicize the construction companies communicators and the contact - 98 - information. Villagers meeting shall be held The county project The results of project construction Villagers’ All villagers, once the construction problems are office, and the complaints meeting cooperatives found, and submit after the construction collection. companies Priority shall be given to the job- The county project The situation of volunteer to work of Villagers Construction provision to the villagers in office, and the villagers volunteer to All villagers Participation Infrastructure construction. 30% construction work priority shall be given to women. companies Villagers shall be informed of the Operation Cooperative Cooperative operation and the Cooperative council, cooperative operation situation (the sales Cooperative Situation members, all capital condition shall be arranged supervisory board price of agricultural produce, and income Operation Publicity villagers and publicized quarterly. and counselors distribution); percentage of members who participate in cooperative activities. Publicity of the The county project Villagers shall be informed of the Environmental construction Cooperative It should be noticed of the Office, counselors environmental protection measures during Protection situation of members, all environmental protection measures and village the construction and the environmental Participation Environmental villagers during the construction by stages committee protection measures. protection facilities - 99 - Investigation results of the training requirements; training plans; training According to the local development agricultural and photos; percentage of the impoverish industrial, the expert training shall County project office, technological members among those who have All villagers be organized. The ethnic minority counselors and training of participated in the industrial training; and women shall be no less than Village Committee villagers percentage of women members among 30%. Industrial and those who have participated in the Cooperative industrial training training The cooperative management shall The number of cooperatives with the Cooperative County project office, Cooperative be trained, and the cooperative training experience of operation and management counselors and managers members enjoy the equal management; the training record of the training Village Committee opportunities to be trained cooperative management personnel Send out the Send out the agricultral production County project office, The situation of the villagers’ acquisition training All villagers and cultivation brochures to project counselors and of training brochures brochures areas villagers Village Committee Dividing the maintenance personnel The continuous management of the Project Appointment County project office Infrastructure based on the influences of the infrastructure Operation of maintenance All villagers and Village maintenance infrastructure; the government shall Stage personnel Committee employ the villagers to manage - 100 - County project office, The situation of the maintenance personnel Maintenance Infrastructure maintenance training Maintenance Construction training and textual information personnel shall be conducted to the personnel companies and training maintenance personnel Village Committee Implementation and supervisory Expenditure management of infrastructure Village system shall be formulated based maintenance Maintenance County project office Committee, on the expenditure management of expenditure and Village Cooperatives infrastructure maintenance; management Committee and villagers supervision shall be conducted by the villagers Any discontent during the implementation and operation of Provincial project Clarification of the project shall be resorted to the Complaints office, County project the appeals villagers complaints system. Detailed and Appeals office and Village procedures procedures are clarified in the Committee Complaints and Appeals procedures. - 101 - 9 Institutional Arrangement, Responsibility and Capacity Building Set up a Leading Group and a Provincial Project Management Office (PPMO) at provincial level. PPMO is responsible for overall project environmental management. 9.1 Institutional Arrangement and Responsibilities Ten County PMOs are responsible for implementation. Institutional arrangement for environmental management and responsibilities are indicated in the following table 9.1-1。 Table 9.1-1 Institutional arrangement for environmental management and responsibilities Stage Project stakeholders Environmental responsibilities Infrastructure 1 category 1. Be responsible for handling specific design, supervision, construction, equipment and materials Owners/PMO procurement. 2. Project bidding and approval work, EIA approval Design units made the engineering survey and design, Design unit, EIA unit and the EIA unit made the preliminary environmental impact assessment Design and To check it whether installed the pollution control preparation EPA facilities or not, whether the design reaches standards and so on. County Bureaus of To supervise and inspect whether the construction and Construction, Water engineering design is reasonable or not, and do the Resources, and work of bidding and approval, project supervision, Transportation construction quality and construction safety 1. Supervising Environmental Management Plan to implement the mitigation measures during construction period; Owners/PMO 2. Carrying out the training propaganda of Construction Environmental Management Plan mitigation measures period during construction period. County Bureaus of Supervising all the measures during construction Construction, Water period, to ensure the implementation of civilized Resources, and construction and production safety - 102 - Transportation Specific implementation of the Environmental Contractor, the Management Plan mitigation measures during construction team construction period. Village committee actively cooperate to safeguard the Farmers/villages legitimate rights and interests of the villagers, and to supervise the construction. 1. Specific implementation of the mitigation measures of Environmental Management Plan during operating period; 2. Making sure the operational phase environmental Owners and operating protection, construction progress, quality and safety units 3. Be responsible for organizing related environmental monitoring 4. Be responsible for reporting the implementation to the superior PMO and the World Bank on a regular basis. Operation 1. Specific implementation of the mitigation measures period of Environmental Management Plan during operating Farmers, cooperatives period; and village collective 2. Project supervision: protecting the environment, reducing consumables. Guiding and supervising the implementation of EPA Environmental Management Plan mitigation measures Bureaus of Water Guiding and supervising the implementation of Conservancy and Environmental Management Plan mitigation Transportation / measures ... Roads Agricultural project 2 activities To make good project approval, train the propaganda Preliminary PMO backbones, advocate mobilizing the villagers, carry out design stage the Environmental Management Plan and Pest - 103 - Management Plan training. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau: To boot reasonable adjustment of agricultural industry structure, and the rational allocation of agricultural County Bureau of resources Agriculture and Plant Protection Station: testing soil and making Animal Husbandry, formulated fertilization, monitoring pests and epidemic and its affiliated Plant diseases and pests, providing local dynamic pest data, Protection Station releasing timely the pests disease conditions, and conducting Environmental Management Plan and Pest Management Plan training. Carrying out technical promotion and training; also the Veterinary Station Pest Management Plan training. Applying for joining a cooperative and to recommend Farmers management personnel to take part in the project construction Establishing cooperatives or preparatory groups to Cooperative settle project reporting and approving, designing good sewage facilities for the cooperative Village collectives Organizing the advocacy and mobilization To make a scientific analysis whether this project EIA unit impact environment or not, and make recommendations to optimize the project design! 1. Regular inspection to the implementation of the measures of the project Environmental Management Plan and Pest Management Plan. 2. To carry out an Environmental Management Plan Implement and Pest Management Plan training. PMO stage 3. Be responsible for the organization of environmental monitoring 4. Be responsible for reporting the implementation to their superior PMO and the World Bank on a regular basis. - 104 - Plant Protection Station: guiding pest control, promoting pest control technology and guiding farmers to use organic fertilizer and low residue pesticide to promote pollution-free production. Monitoring local plant diseases and insect pests occurrence, and publish County Bureau of the development degree of the plant diseases and insect Agriculture and pests occurrence and trend prediction. Animal Husbandry, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau: organizing and its affiliated Plant production and introduction of the test seedlings, Protection Station fertilizers, pesticides, veterinary drugs and other products, and also its demonstration and promotion; organizing and guiding quality monitoring and enforcement supervision and management to agricultural inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, veterinary drugs, etc. Carrying out livestock prenatal, delivery and postnatal services, training and guiding village service personnel, Veterinary Station technology demonstration households and large farmers. Monitoring the local livestock epidemic Not to use prohibited pesticides, fertilizers; Properly Farmers handle garbage and take part in project implementation. To take part in project implementation, management, Village collectives and periodical supervision of which production processes may impact environmental. Implementing the project according to environmental requirements and controlling comprehensively the pollution in accordance with the relevant requirements Cooperatives/ of the sewage enterprises, processing units Introducing new technologies, new varieties, and launching technical training, technical exchanges and advisory services, County Carrying out environmental supervision and inspection; Environmental To organize and guide the project area environmental - 105 - Protection Agency publicity and education, and popularize environmental science and knowledge of laws and regulations. 9.2 Project Management Agencies 9.2.1 Organizational Structure The Project Management Institutions at Regional, City, County, Township and Village levels are established at the requirements of project implementation and management. A leading group has been set up at regional level. The Foreign Capital Center is responsible for project implementation and management. The same structure is developed at county level, ie. a leading group and a PMO at county level. The County Poverty Alleviation office is responsible for the daily work and setting up a technical committee (advisory panel) to provide technical support. A Township Project Team (Station) is established at Township level. A Project Management Group is set up at village level and is responsible for implementation and management at village level. Figure 10 indicates the organizational structure of the Project. - 106 - Regional l Project Office:: Guangxi Regional Leading Group of Foreign Capital Poverty Reduction Project Project Management Center Municipal Leading Group of Consultants Poverty Reduction and Development City/Prefecture Project Office: City PAO County Leading Group of Poverty Reduction and Development County Project Office: County Project County PAO Technical Advisory Group Counselor Dragonhead Township Workstation on Enterprises Project Village Administrative Committee Cooperative Figure 10 Project Organizational Structure - 107 - 9.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities of Project Agencies at All Levels (1)Regional leading group: leader is Vice Chairman of the Regional Government and members are leaders from Regional Poverty Alleviation Office, Development and Reform Committee and Financial Development. The leading group is responsible for major decisions of project policies and guidelines, reviewing and approving the overall project scheme and implementation plan, secure of counterpart funds, policies and strategic guidance. (2) PPMO: the Regional (Provincial) PMO is set under the leading group within Guangxi Foreign Capital Poverty Alleviation Management Center. Regional PMO is Project Executive Agency and is responsible for project implementation (3)City Leading Group comprises vice mayor as the leader and leaders of poverty alleviation office, development and reform committee and agricultural department at city level as members. (4)City PMO is set up in City Poverty Alleviation Office. (5)County Leading Group: County(city) leader as the group leader, main leaders of county poverty alleviation office, development and reform committee, financial and agricultural departments as members, and is responsible for counterpart funds, work expenditures, coordination and review of project implementation. (6) County PMO: coordinated by director or deputy director of County (city) government office. County Poverty Alleviation Office is responsible for the daily work. (7)County Technical (advisory panel) committee: comprised of leaders and specialists from financial institutions and relevant departments, responsible for selection of project area and industries, project planning, cooperative investment proposals justification, project guidance and technical training. (8)Township PMO: set up at township level, equipped with adequate work staff. (9)Administrative Village Management Group: built at village level, comprised of village leaders, director of women federation, village technicians, household representatives (by election) and supervising the project quality and progress. (10)The Farmer Cooperative (FC): is a mutual aid organization developed at farmers will with democratic management, based on the family-contract-management system, comprised of producers of the same farm products or providers and consumers of similar farm services. It provides services to its members, and provides technology and information on procurement of production materials, marketing, processing, transportation, storage of farm products, and agricultural related business. (11) FC instructors: provide assistance to county PMOs and the Cooperatives, but make no decisions. 9.3 Project Implementation and Management 9.3.1 Management Project Planning PPMO develops Project Operational Manual and completion of Report on Feasibility Studies. Project County selects appropriate industries and project areas with scientific proof; instructs project villages and the FCs to develop investment proposals and implementation plans for infrastructure and public services activities; in planning, organizes FC members and households to - 108 - learn information on basic conditions, restraints and farmers' will and needs of project villages; organizes relevant agencies, financial institutions and technical specialists to justify and guide the project selection, and provides feedbacks to project villages. The County PMO, after integrating cooperative investment proposals and infrastructure development plans, formulates project plans and submits to PPMO for approval. 9.3.2 Management of Project Plans (1)Development and submission of annual plans: By the end of the year, FCs organize village meetings and develop plans for industrial and infrastructure activities of next year, with assistance and guidance from County, Township and Village PMOs. After reviewed by township level, the plans are submitted to county level and county level submits to provincial level. Guangxi Foreign Capital Center reviews and approves plans and returns them to project areas for implementation. (2)Adjustment of Annual Plan Administrative Village Management Group or FC will identify adjustment for annual implementation plans by villager representatives ' meetings or cooperative member meetings, which will be reported to County PMO for approval. When it is confirmed that adjustment must be made, the adjustment plan will be submitted from county project leading group or county PMO to Foreign Capital Center for approval. 9.3.3 Project Management and Monitoring (1)Project Monitoring: including internal monitoring and external supervision, mainly on fulfillment of counterpart funds, investment plans, project quality, outputs, effects and impact. 1) Internal monitoring: administrative village management group (elected by villagers) monitors and supervises the whole project implementation. A publicity and complaint system shall be establishe. Notice boards will be set up in project villages. Information of the person who processes complaints shall be publicized to ensure the complaint channel is unimpeded . Management of project files shall be strengthened and files shall be kept at various levels to be looked up by the same level. Specialized persons shall be employed in County PMO, Project Village and FCs to receive, collect, integrate and maintain project files. 2)External supervision: including inspections, supervision, annual financial audits and media supervision by PPMO, city, county and township PMOs. Foreign Capital Center shall follow the PDO , the Bank’s requirements and the requirements of the POM, and develop a monitoring indicator system, methods and procedures, and a system for monitoring to make sure results of monitoring is in compliance with actual status, and objective and fair. (2)Project review and acceptance. Project review and acceptance follow the following specific procedure: self-inspection by the cooperative and self-acceptance by implementing agencies ----project owners apply for acceptance, Township Team conducts first inspection and submits County PMO for acceptance. County PMO organizes project acceptace team to review the project and rate and project period, quality and benefits against project plan and design. Project account, materials, funds and files shall be tidied up and finalized. A project completion report is required. Foreign Capital Center develops guidelines for projct review and acceptance, and conducts ramdomly review and acceptance. (3) Project evaluation evaluates project benefits and impacts after the project is completed. Project evaluation reviews project preparation, implementation, management, acceptance, follow-up management, participation, satisfaction and achievements, using participatory methods. A Proect Evaluation Report is required. (4) Follow-up management. After the completion and acceptance of a project, managers of - 109 - large-scaled infrastructure projects will be identified according to the nature of the project. The manager will be responsible for management of the project and ensure sustainability. The small-scaled community projects will be in charge by project management group elected by the community. The management group organizes discussions, and follows discussions to develop management system and village rules and regulations to make sure benefits are generated from the project. County financial and poverty alleviation departments organizes training for follow-up management persons. Development of FCs and assests created by FC support shall be managed by FCs in line with FC constitutions and resolutions from member assembly. County PMO supervises and manages FCs through Townshop Teams and FC instructors. 9.3.4 Environmental Management (1)Roles and Responsibilites Main responsibility of all relevant management institutions ① PMO Regional, City and County PMOs should assist WB environmental department in environmental management of the Project; ②Environmental Protection Bureaus at City and County levels They're responsible for the overall supervision and management of project processes against relevant laws and regulations. They conduct 'three-simultaneity ' project completion and acceptance ③ Environmental Supervision and Management Assisting all sub-project owners or managers to supervise implementation of environmental protection measures at implementation site; and providing remedial measures for problems during implementation. Developing detailed management plans in compliance with implementation plans. Review implementation against plans monthly and make modification if necessary. Responsible persons report to project leaders and monthly report results of environmental management inspection, and provide solutions to potential environmental problems identified in inspection. ④ Design and EIA Agencies Develop environmental management plans and implementation scheme for environmental protection measures, and direct implementation of the environmental management plan. (2) Environmental Management Contents The project involves in many counties and cities and many sub-projects. Management contents and staff arrangements at different sub-project stages of environmental management are indicated in the below table 9.3-1. Personnel indicated in the table include staff of government agencies, contractor or consultant. For staff of government agencies, it should be their existing staff. For contractor and consultant, there is a project implementation plan but exact timing of hiring will be subject to implementation progress. The funding source is both the IBRD loan and counterpart funds. - 110 - Table 9.3-1 Environmental Management of Sub Projects at Various Stages Related party of personnel Stage The key Environmental management responsibilities the Project allocation In charge of connecting and coordinating with the environmental County PMO Protection Administration to implement environmental management 2 issues. 1. Responsible for project design, and preparation and such a series of environmental protection management work. 2. To carry out the environmental protection funds. Owner 3. Responsible for the coordination with the government department 2 Design and in charge of environment to carry out the environmental preparation management. period 4. Recruit the supervision unit and collect records. 1.The environmental protection measures should be brought into the Designing design plan and budget 2 institutions 2. Put the mitigation measures of the environmental management plan into the biding document specification. 1. Provide technical support for the engineering design of Assessment environmental protection work. 2 institutions 2.Compile the environmental impact assessment documents. 1.Responsible for a series of environmental protection management during the construction, carry out the environmental protection work funds. 2. Carry out the management and supervision on the environmental protection work during the construction, do the investigation and handling the disturbance or pollution problems appeared in the process of construction. Owner 2 3.Responsible for the coordination with the government department in charge of environment to carry out the environmental management. 4 track the implementation of environmental management plan, and regularly report to the competent department at the same level and the autonomous region PMO and the World Bank. 5.Accept and handle the public complaints. 1.Carry out the implementation of environmental protection measures during construction period according to the bidding documents, contracts and the environmental management plan. Construction 2.Accept the guidance and supervision from project owner, period environment supervision engineer and the related functional departments. Contractor 2 3.Accept the technical support from environmental consultancy. 4.Carry out safety protection measures, such as setting indication marks on construction site, and carrying on the fens for the construction site etc, to establish communication with the public, to ensure safety in construction. 5.carry out environmental management plan. 1.To supervise the contractor to carry out environmental management plan and in performance of the environmental Engineering/ mitigation measures dressed in the contract. environment 2.On-site supervision of the implementation of the contractor. 3 supervision 3. Cooperate with construction unit in environmental management. 4.To keep a record and report of the environmental management plan implementation, then regularly report to the owner. County Bureau of 1.Monitoring the local plant diseases and insect pests occurrence, Agriculture and and publish the development degree of the plant diseases and insect 2 Animal pests occurrence and trend prediction. MonitorIng the information on - 111 - Related party of personnel Stage The key Environmental management responsibilities the Project allocation Husbandry the procurement, distribution, and safe use of pesticide. 2.Monitoring the local livestock epidemic disease occurrence, and release of livestock epidemic disease development situation and trend prediction. Monitoring the information on the procurement, distribution and the safe use of vaccine. 1. Carry out the supervision and inspection on environmental protection measures from the owners and construction units. Loacal 2. Receive the report on implementation of the environmental environmental management plan which submitted by the owner and PMO and then 1 Protection carry out administrative management according to the report. Administration 3.If it occurred abnormal environment situation in the construction, carry out the emergency measures. 4. Accept public complaints, coordinate and deal with. 1.Provide the technical support for environmental protection work during construction, according to the project owner's entrust, and the design research of environmental protection and environmental TA/Consultant unlimited impact report. 2.Provide the technical guidance on environmental protection work for the contractor, and do the training work of environmental protection during construction period. 1.Responsible for the management of environmental protection after the operation and the implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures addressed in the environmental management plan during the operation period. 2.Responsible for contacting and coordinating with government Operation supervision departments to carry out environmental management 2 Institutions work. 3. Environment accident emergency treatment; 4.To do the regular staff training, in order to improve their ability, at the same time carry out environmental protection technology and experience exchange activities actively, to further improve the environmental management work. 1.Monitoring the local plant diseases and insect pests occurrence, Operation and publish the development degree of the plant diseases and insect period County Bureau of pests occurrence and trend prediction. MonitorIng the information on Agriculture and the procurement, distribution, and safe use of pesticide. 2 Animal 2.Monitoring the local livestock epidemic disease occurrence, and Husbandry release of livestock epidemic disease development situation and trend prediction. Monitoring the information on the procurement, distribution and the safe use of vaccine. 1.To do the environmental protection engineering acceptance Local 2.To do the manage and supervision of the environmental protection environmental standard during the operational phase. 2 Protection 3.To do the supervision and inspection on the operation of Administration completed environmental protection facilities. Civil public or Social monitoring unlimited NGOs (3) Environmental Management Training All county PMOs should strengthen environmental protection training during project implementation by providing training for project owners, implementing agencies, supervision engineers, PMOs and environmental management personnel. Capacity building in environmental management shall be strengthened to make sure implementation processes are in line with laws and regulations. Training plans are in the following Table 9.3-2. - 112 - Table 9.3-2 Environmental ProtectionTraining at Various Stages Training Number Duration Stage Training contents objects of participants (days) Preparation County PMO Selection and location of the sub projects. 2 2 period It would be considered of project industrial Design advantage, regional environmental constraints, the County PMO 2 2 period social economic and environmental should be coordinated developed. Environmental assessment and social management framework of the project: 1.The main role in the process of project implementation. 2.Policy and regulations. County PMO, 3.The relevant environmental protection measures Owner, and requirements.(genetic environmental several Before Environmental management plan). 2 Construction Protection 4. The selection of projects and detailed rules for period personnel the implementation and requirements. 5.sustainable public participation and the implementation of the complaint. 6. Resettlement policy framework, pest management plans, ethnic minority development plan. Civil public or Public participation, complaint mechanism. several 1 NGOs The environmental protection measures during the construction, as well as the environmental County PMO, protection facilities operation and Owner, maintenance,environmental protection regulations Environmental several 2 on construction, planning, supervision, Protection occupational health, health and notice, safety personnel emergency measures and the environmental risk emergency measures. 1.The simple method and measure to monitor and control construction noise (self-test). 2. The measures and requirements related to 2 each in Contractor environmental management plan. construction 1 Construction 3.The environmental protection regulations on section period construction and planning,occupational health, health and notice, safety emergency measures. 1.The air environmental monitoring and control technology, noise monitoring and control technology. 2. The environmental management plan during the Engineering/en construction, as well as the environmental 1~2 each in vironment protection facilities operation and maintenance. construction 1 supervision 3. The World Bank project management procedures, section and reporting mechanism. 4. The monitoring standard, test, method, sample transport, data quality control, equipment used, etc 5.The environmental risk emergency measures, etc. - 113 - Training Number Duration Stage Training contents objects of participants (days) 6.The occupational health, health and safety. Civil public or Public participation, complaint mechanism. several 1 NGOs Environmental protection laws and regulations, environmental management, occupational health, County PMO 2 2 health and safety emergency measures and notice, the environmental risk emergency measures. 1.The environmental protection measures in Owner, operational phase. Environmental 2.The regular supervision training related to the 1~2 each in 2 Protection project. sub-projects personnel 3.Pest control management; 4. Environmental risk emergency. 1.The air environmental monitoring and control Operation technology, noise monitoring and control period technology. 2. The environmental management plan during the construction, as well as the environmental Engineering/en protection facilities operation and maintenance. 1~2 each in vironment 2 3. The World Bank project management procedures, project areas supervision and reporting mechanism. 4. The monitoring standard, test, method, sample transport, data quality control, equipment used, etc 5.The environmental risk emergency measures, etc. 6.The occupational health, health and safety. Civil public or Public participation, complaint mechanism. several 1 NGOs 9.4 Capacity Building PMO------Provincial (Regional) Project Management Office (PPMO) is set within Guangxi Foreign Capital Poverty Alleviation Management Center. PPMO has sufficient management experience ad competences in implementation of World Bank’s safeguard policies as it has implemented two large World Bank supported poverty alleviation projects. It is necessary to strengthen its competences and maintain a stable number of staff. And project management and training on implementation of Bank’s safeguard policies shall be strengthened. Sub-project owners------are FCs, households and County and Township government. Together with County PMOs, PPMO shall provide training on the Environmental and Social Management Framework and the attachments of the Environmental and Social Action Plan for sub project owners at various stages, ie. preparation, design and implementation stages. Training program is indicated in the following Table 9.4-1. Table 9.4-1 The capacity training schedule of sub-projects in stages Training Number of Duration Stage Training contents objects participants (days) 1.The introduction of the main purpose of project Cooperative, Preparation implementation, object and so on. Household, 2~4 1 period 2. The environmental and social issues should be pay Enterprises attention to in the component selection. - 114 - Training Number of Duration Stage Training contents objects participants (days) 3.The relationship between the components and the development of regional industry. Project environmental and social management framework, mainly as follows: 1.What is the main role in the process of project implementation. 2. Policy & regulations. 3.The relevant environmental protection measures and requirements (Genetic environmental management plan). Cooperative, 4. The application of sub-project, study on the Attachment Design Household, 1 Screening Form for Environmental & Social Safeguards 2~4 2 period Enterprises Issues. 5.The selection of projects and implementing rules and requirements. 6.The sustainable public participation and the implementation of the complaint. 7.The function of Resettlement policy framework, plant diseases and pests management plan,and ethnic minority development plan. How to use the environmental and social management framework of the project: 1.Attachment 2 the role of genetic environmental management plan play in the process of project implementation. 2. Sustainable public participation. 3. How to establish complaint mechanisms. Project Cooperative, 4. If the project involving resettlement should refer to the implementa Household, 2~4 2 attachment 3 resettlement policy framework to tion period Enterprises implement. 5.The implementation of planting and breeding program should refer to the requirements and suggestions addressed in attachment 4 pests management plan. 6.The project implementation should fully consider of minority situation, study on how to use in implementation from attachment 5 ethnic minority development plan. *The number of training participants means the numbers of every project’s owners. - 115 - Annex 1 Safeguard Screening Form Guangxi Rural Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project Screening Form for Environmental & Social Safeguards Issues Part 1 Screening Form Note: Considerfing the poverty reduction nature of the project, the type and scale of anticipated sub-projects, and project area’s social and environmental features, the project was assigned Category B as result of the project concept stage safeguard review and has been agreed by the PMO, hence no potentially high risk subproject should be included. The applicable safeguard policies were also pre-determined as well. This form is to be used by the Implementing Agency to screen potential environmental and social safeguards issues of a sub project, determine World Bank policies triggered and the instrument to be prepared for the sub project. Subproject Name Subproject Location Subproject Proponent Subproject Type/Sector Estimated Investment Start/Completion Date Questions Answer If Yes Documents yes no WB Policy requirement if triggered Yes Are the subproject impacts likely to have OP 4.01 It will significant adverse environmental impacts Environmental not included that are sensitive, diverse or unprecedented? Assessment in the scope of Please provide brief description: Category A the project support. - 116 - Do the impacts affect an area broader than OP 4.01 the sites or facilities subject to physical Environmental works and are the significant adverse Assessment environmental impacts irreversible? Please Category A provide brief description: Is the proposed project likely to have OP 4.01 No action minimal or no adverse environmental Environmental needed beyond impacts?Please provide brief justification: Assessment screening Category C Is the project neither a Category A nor OP 4.01 Site-specific Category C as defined above? Please Environmental ESIA and/or provide brief justification: Assessment ESMP Category B Are the project impacts likely to have OP 4.01 It will significant adverse social impacts that are Environmental not included sensitive, diverse or unprecedented? Please Assessment in the scope of provide brief description: Category A the project support. Will the project adversely impact physical OP 4.11 It will cultural resources? Please provide brief Physical not included justification: Cultural in the scope of Resources the project support. Will the project involve the conversion or OP 4.04 Addressed in degradation of non-critical natural habitats? Natural ESIA Please provide brief justification: Habitats Will the project involve the significant OP 4.04 It will conversion or degradation of critical natural Natural not included habitats? Habitats in the scope of the project support. Does the sub-project construct a new dam or OP 4.37 Dam It will rely on the performance of an existing dam Safety not included or a dam under construction? in the scope of the project support. Does the project procure pesticides (either OP4.09 Pest Addressed in directly through the project, or indirectly Management ESIA through on-lending, co-financing, or (Pest government counterpart funding), or may Management affect pest management in a way that harm Plan) could be done, even though the project is not envisaged to procure pesticides? Does the sub-project involve involuntary OP 4.12 Resettlement land acquisition, loss of assets or access to Involuntary Action Plan assets, or loss of income sources or means Resettlement Framework of livelihood? Please provide brief justification: - 117 - Are there any ethnic minority communities OP 4.10 Ethnic present in the sub project area and are likely Indigenous Minority to be affected by the proposed sub-project People Development negatively or positively? Please provide Plan brief justification: Will the project have the potential to have OP4.36 It will impacts on the health and quality of forests Forestry not included or the rights and welfare of people and their in the scope of level of dependence upon or interaction the project with forests; or aims to bring about changes support. in the management, protection or utilization of natural forests or plantations? Please provide brief justification: Will the project have the potential to have OP4.36 It will significant impacts or significant conversion Forestry not included or degradation of critical natural forests or in the scope of other natural habitats? the project support. Is there any territorial dispute between two OP7.60 It will or more countries in the sub project and its Projects in not included ancillary aspects and related activities? Disputed Areas in the scope of the project support. Will the sub project and its ancillary aspects OP7.50 It will and related activities, including detailed Projects on not included design and engineering studies, involve the International in the scope of Waterways the project use or potential pollution of, or be located in support. international waterways? Conclusion and Safeguards Instruments Required: The sub project is classified as a Category ________ project as per World Bank OP4.01, and the following safeguards instruments will be prepared: 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ 5. Note: Category C projects do not require a Environmental Management Plan and any Environmental protection measures to mitigate negative impacts . Category B projects will apply a Generic Environmental Management Plan addressed in the ESMF, If needed, it will apply a supplementary EMP. - 118 - Category A projects will require Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and Environmental Management Plan, they will not included in the scope of the project support. Part 2 Notes to Fill in the Screening Form Sub project environment and social screening form is shown in above. This should be used henceforth for screening all the sub projects in the Project.This section should describe the screening process to determine: (i) the potential environment and social issues of a sub project; (ii) sub project environment category based on the environment and social issues; (iii) the sub project-specific action plan/s that has/have to be prepared as part of the sub project preparation but prior to its approval. According to the results of the above screening form, to determine sub projects belong to Category A, B, or C, will respectively has the following three procedures: (i) Category C projects do not require Environmental management plan and any Environmental protection measures to mitigate negative impacts. (ii) Category B projects will apply a Generic Environmental Management Plan and Generic Pest Management Plan addressed in the ESMF, If needed, it will apply a supplementary EMP and PMP. If the sub projects refer to Land Acquisition and Resettlement,it requires to prepare the relevant documents base on the Immigrant Resettlement Policy Framework. (iii) Category A projects will not included in the scope of the project support. Category A sub projects are those that have potential significant adverse environmental and social impacts that are : (i) sensitive (i.e., a potential impact is considered sensitive if it may be irreversible - e.g., lead to loss of a major natural habitat, or raise issues covered by OP 4.04, Natural Habitats; OP 4.36, Forests; OP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples; OP 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources; or OP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement; or in the case of OP 4.09, when a project includes the manufacture, use, or disposal of environmentally significant quantities of pest control products); (ii) diverse, or unprecedented; (iii) affecting an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works (e.g., a dam that may affect downstream and the nearby forestry and natural habitats. Category A Screening Examples How can a sub project affecting natural habitats be categorized as A? The project is categorized as A if the screening indicates the potential for significant conversion or degradation of critical or other natural habitats. Significant conversion is the elimination or severe diminution of the integrity of a critical or other natural habitats caused by a major, long-term change in land use or water use. Significant conversion may include, for example, land clearing; replacement of natural vegetation; permanent flooding; drainage, dredging, filling, or channelization of wetlands; or surface mining. Conversion can result directly from the action of a project or through an indirect mechanism (e.g., through induced settlement along a road). Degradation is modification of a critical or other natural habitat that substantially reduces the habitat’s ability to maintain viable population of native species. How can a sub project affecting forests be categorized as A? - 119 - A project with the potential for significant conversion or degradation of natural forests is classified as Category A. Natural forests are forest lands and associated waterways where the ecosystem’s biological communities are formed largely by native plant and animal species and where human activity has not essentially modified the area’s primary ecological functions. How can a sub project affecting physical cultural resources be categorized as A? Physical Cultural Resources, as defined under OP 4,11, are movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, pale-ontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. A project that will likely have significant adverse impacts on PCR is categorized as A. How can a sub project that triggers pest management policy be categorized as A? Projects that include the manufacture, use, or disposal of environmentally significant quantities of pest control products are classified as Category A. Environmental significance takes into account the impacts, including benefits, on human health. When is a sub project involving Involuntary Resettlement likely to be categorized as A? The Bank does not provide specific categorization criteria relating to OP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement. Generally, projects with significant resettlement-related impacts should be categorized as A. Application of judgment is necessary in assessing the potential significance of resettlement-related impacts, which vary in scope and scale from project to project. Projects that would require physical relocation of residents or businesses, as well as projects that would cause any individuals to lose more than 10 percent of their productive land area, often are categorized as A. Scale may also be a factor, even when the significance of impacts is relatively minor. Projects affecting whole communities or relatively large numbers of persons (for example, more than 1,000 in total) may warrant categorization as A, especially for projects in which implementation capacity is likely to be weak. When is a sub project involving Indigenous Peoples likely to be categorized as A? The Bank does not provide specific categorization criteria relating to OP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples. Though the policy applies whenever a group meeting the Bank’s definition of Indigenous Peoples is present in the project area, categorization typically reflects the potential significance of any adverse impacts upon such groups. Projects that would require relocation of Indigenous Peoples, that would restrict their access to traditional lands or resources, or that would seek to impose changes to Indigenous Peoples’ traditional institutions, are always likely to be categorized as A. Category B sub projects are those sub projects that have potential adverse environment and social impacts that are less adverse, site-specific; and few if any of the impacts are irreversible. Category C sub projects are those sub projects that have minimal or no adverse environmental and social impacts. - 120 - Annex 2 Generic Environmental Management Plan 1. Environmental Management Plan of Planting Sub projects Main Monitoring Phases Impact Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities agency Alternative comparison, it is in order to avoid potential negative impacts of construction and operation.The project's location should be avoided in nature reserves, scenic spots, the world cultural and natural heritage sites, drinking water sources reserve, basic grassland, forest park, geological parks, important Ecological wetland, natural forests, rare and endangered species of wild fauna and flora EIA Consultant, Design Location and impact, the natural concentrated distribution area, key soil erosion prevention and control FSR FSR approval FSR approval phase layout impact on the area, eutrophication water area, cultural relics protection units and significant Consultant agency , agency, PMO sensitive area history, culture, science, national protected area.Environmental protection PMO facilities and engineering facilities should be designed at the same time, and the cost of environmental protection measures is required to be included in the project investment estimation. The choice of plant varieties should be native species. Soil In the process of land consolidation, surface soil should be retained and sorting properties as magnetism after reclamation. change 1. Strengthening the management on construction, to avoid large area excavation, effective use of the existing topography for planting. 2.Avoid to do the land consolidation in rainning season. Soil 3.To do the planting activities in slope land, should adjust measures to local preparation, Local Water Operation conditions to conservate soil and water, such as step and trench planting. Project planting, PMO Conservancy phase 4.Don’t undermine the original natural drainage system as far as possible, if contractor management, bureau Water and land consolidation or planting activities affect the original drainage system, it fertilization, soil erosion it needed to improve the drainage system to avoid soil erosion. harvest 5.In the condition of facilitating labor and security, try to reduce the width of consruction road. 6.It is better to choose the planting sites as the existing farming land, if it is needed to change the types of crop, the land use types should be consistent with existing types, such as paddy field to retain for paddy field, dry land to keep for the dry land. - 121 - Main Monitoring Phases Impact Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities agency 7.The New developed land should comply with the local land planning, please don’t change the land use arbitrarily. 1.Cover the branches and leaves of crops in place to reduce the exposed surface, reduce the loss of soil nutrients to maintain soil fertility and moisture. 2.Use the scientific soil testing and formula, encourage the application of Soil nutrient organic manure,and high efficiencyorganic fertilizer to increase the proportion management of organic fertilizer and green manure in use. 3.Strictly prohibit applying fertilizer in the surface of soil, use the method of apply fertilizer in groove or pit, mulch soil, and cover a withered plant grass. 1.The waste plastic bags, fertilizer bags, pesticide bottle, plastic, and etc which Local Project produced from farming activities, cannot be abandoned in the field, it requires PMO Agricultural contractor unified collection and classification and unified piled up to the nearest garbage department Solid waste Soil dumps in villages, and then re-pass to waste transfer station in towns, finally pollution preparation, into the county comprehensive landfill landfill disposal. planting, 2.The virgin camellia oil residue shoule be put back into the field after Operation management, compost. phase fertilization, 1.To construct small water storage facilities, saving water for irrigation. harvest Irrigation 2.Regular maintenance of irrigation systems, channels and other management infrastructure. 3. Reduce the leakage loss of irrigation system. Local Water 1.Regular cleaning of the drainage channels, to avoid sedimentation jam. Project Environmental pollution 2.Avoid to apply fertilizer and spray pesticide in the rainy season, reduce PMO contractor Protection control pollutants into surface water. bureau Reduce the use amount of pesticide, when it is needed to use the pesticide for plants’ diseases, choose the high efficiency pesticide with low residue.It is Local Pest Project forbidden to use the high toxic pesticide in long residual period, and give PMO Agricultural managemtent contractor department preference to use chemical-free pesticide, which is mentioned in pest management plan. Operation Soil Waste and 1.Open burning is prohibited after weeding, harvesting and land consolidation. Project Local PMO phase preparation, greenhouse 2.It is prohibited to burn waste plastic bags, fertilizer bags, pesticide bottle, contractor Agricultural - 122 - Main Monitoring Phases Impact Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities agency planting, gas emissions pesticide packaging and plastic, etc. department management, If discover cultural relics, must stop construction, protect the scene, timely Local cultural Serendipitous fertilization, inform the local department for cultural relics protection, the re-excavation Project relics cultural relic harvest work shall not be done till the end of cultural relics identification and contractor competent protection. department 1.1 Environmental Management Plan of Planting Sub-projects in Stony Desertification Areas Main Monitoring Phases Impact Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities agency 1.Choose the plant nursery in flat, leeward sunning dale and good drainage plots.Soil preparation is better to do in autumn and winter season, deep ploughing,loosening and flatting the soil for the spring sowing. While growing seedlings should choose thick and fertile soil. Water and soil 2.At the time of soil preparation for curing planting area, sufficient base fertilizer erosion is needed to retain the original vegetation and topsoil as much as possible. Far better to make sure seedlings is erected and root is flared when transplanting, the depth of the planting can exceeded the original seedling, but the graft union should be above outside, treading down and irrigation. 1.For perennial crops, such as walnut, tea, camellia, mango, orange, kiwi, etc, Operation while pruning according to site conditions. Soil phase 2.Where each main branches remain 3 lateral branches in poor soil, if the site preparation, Project Agricultural conditions are good, then again select and remain 1-2 lateral branches, it is best to PMO planting, contractor department keep the balance of the tree’s growth.Remove redundant thin bearing basal shoot management while it is too much, to enhance ventilation devious to light. For bamboo,and mulberry leaf, it should have planned cutting instead of clear Vegetation cutting in finishing and harvest time. cutting 3.To minimize the weeds removed, in order to protect the growth of understorey vegetation, reduce the rocky desertification in maximum extent, as long as the weeds do not affect the growth of crops. 4.In addition to the main crops as bamboo,Zenia insigins Chun,Chinese toon tree, honeysuckle and other tree species can be grew in stony desertification mountain, they will accelerate vegetation restoration effectively in the rocky mountain . 5.According to the local natural conditions, the scale of planting can be developed - 123 - Main Monitoring Phases Impact Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities agency in the mid and bottom part of the karst rock mountainous, depressions, valley, and those forestry land, woodland and farmland which water and soil loss is relatively light and the slope and site conditions is quiet good. It can focus on developing Operation new varieties, such as broussonetia, mulberry, honeysuckle, vitis amurensis. phase Artificial afforestation in rocky mountain can choose the species like dendrocalamus minor, Zenia insigins Chun, vitis amurensis, dal, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, dalbergiae,Cornus wilsoniana,ect. Soil Applying fertilizers in the strip furrow around the tree trunks and crowns , can preparation, Fertilization effectively reduce fertilizer loss. and The prevention of pests should base on the principle of “focusing on the planting, Contamination prevention, treated comprehensively”.It should pay attention on the physical management of pesticide prevention measures in dealing with pests priority using biological pesticide and low toxicity pesticide, as shown in the pest management plan. 2. Environmental Management Plan of Livestock Breeding Sub-Projects Main negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency Alternative comparison, it is in order to avoid potential negative impacts of construction and operation.The project's location should be avoided in nature reserves, scenic spots, the world cultural and natural heritage sites, drinking water sources reserve, basic grassland, forest park, geological parks, important wetland, EIA The location natural forests, rare and endangered species of wild fauna and flora natural Consultancy, and layout of FSR FSR approval Design phase concentrated distribution area, key soil erosion prevention and control area, FSR approval feasibility Consultant agency, PMO eutrophication water area, cultural relics protection units and significant history, agency , study culture, science, national protected area.Environmental protection facilities and PMO engineering facilities should be designed at the same time, and the cost of environmental protection measures is required to be included in the project investment estimation. Construction Nursing PMO phase house 1.It should strictly manage in saving water, and reduce construction waste water Local Water Project Environmental Construction discharge. Environmental pollution contractor Supervision 2. Construction waste shall not be dumped into the nearby river. Protection bureau - 124 - Main negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency Local Watering regular on the bare surface within the construction site, keep soil PMO Environmental moisture, and reduce the dust on surface; Local Protection Air Waste soil should be given on the spot, if it is useless, it should be cleaned up and Project Environmental bureau,Enviro pollution transported away without delay, and the fence or wind deflector which covered contractor Protection nmental Super the powder material in its surroundings should be set up temporary, in order to bureau vision prevent dust diffusion. Local PMO Environmental Local Protection Solid waste It is forbidden to dump the construction solid waste to the nearby rivers or any Environmental bureau,Enviro pollution other rivers in China. Protection nmental Super Project bureau vision Construction Nursing contractor phase house Serend- Construction If discover cultural relics, must stop construction, protect the scene, timely Local ipitous inform the local department for cultural relics protection, the re-excavation cultural relics cultural work shall not be done till the end of cultural relics identification and competent relic protection. department Local PMO Environmental Local Noise It should be choose the low noise equipment for construction; While Vehicle Project Protection Environmental pollution transportation at night, should be no honking. contractor bureau,Enviro Protection nmental Super bureau vision 1.It is reasonable to arrange the construction time, as far as possible to avoid the Local PMO storm season to do a large scale excavation and backfill of earthwork, to avoid Environmental Local Water and the erosion and destruction on the surface of soil. Project Protection Environmental soil erosion 2. Temporary covers of land should be timely recovered. contractor bureau,Enviro Protection 3. When put the pile temporary, please stack surface soil in the middle of the site, nmental Super bureau and stack the stone pile up in the surrounding, in order to prevent the soil erosion. vision 1.The waste water collected from washed water, sewage and animal urine in the PMO Local Operation Breeding Water animal breeding nursery, would be discharged into biogas pool or Project Local Environmental phase Activities pollution sewage treatment facility for treatment, and then discharge into the planting contractor Environmental Protection fields. Protection bureau,Enviro - 125 - Main negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency 2.It is not allowed to discharge sewage into surface water without waste bureau nmental Super treatment. vision 3.It should strictly manage the nursing house,temporary junk stacking facilities, cesspool and pipeline for sewage and strictly beware of the leakage which might cause the pollution of land, surface water and groundwater. 1.Breeding sites, composting sites should choose under the wind of the residential area and keep a certain distance with the residential area. 2.It should enhance the management to the odor pollution by timely cleaning dung and sewage of animals, and periodically cleaning animal sheds to reduce the exposed time of faeces and urine and putrid fodder, to prevent the solid dropping. 3. It should be set a device against the rain and scattering for the temporary solid Local waste site, build a faeces and urine collection storage device, composting Environmental products should be buried in time during use. Protection Breeding Air, odor Project PMO 4.It is ensured ventilation in animal nursing house, and sprayed deodorant bureau,Enviro Activities pollution contractor regularly. At the same time to strengthen the management of animal nursing nmental Super house, use strip type seam floor completely or partly, to ensure the cooling of vision excrement and urine, then clean out the faeces as soon as possible, strengthen the ventilation in the circle to accelerate the feces drying, it can reduce the odor produced; 5. It should keep the livestock body clean; 6.By the application of the block and absorption of plants, it would greatly reduce the stink. 1. The livestock manure, renewal and biogas slurry can be treated as fertilizer Local after rotten into fields as far as possible, it is banned to be discarded or storage. PMO, Environmental Breeding Solid waste Project Animal Protection 2. It is required to recycle and disposal the animal bodies handled by specialized Activities pollution contractor Husbandry bureau,Enviro agencies, if there is not such type of organization, it is needed to dig a deep hole Bureau nmental Super to bury , discarded or storage is prohibited. vision 1. The selection of site should be facilitate for isolation of disease and the PMO, Agricultural Use of function divided should be scientific and reasonable. Project Animal Bureau Epedemic veterinary 2.To promote the animal busbandry in scale, intensively and standardized. Fully contractor Husbandry diseases drug considering the scale apply to the environmental carrying capacity to avoid Bureau disease risk, advocate healthy breeding way. - 126 - Main negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency 3. Control the flow of personnel and items. Mainly includes the fauna, sanitation and pathogens control, etc. 4, establish and perfect the system of epidemic prevention. Mainly including health disinfection system, immune system, medical system, and death of livestock and poultry and pollutant disposal system, insecticidal and deratization system and epidemic reporting system, etc. 5.Follow the procedures to immune to epedemic diseases such as avian influenza, foot-and-mouth and etc. Complete the record of Immunizations, carry out Project PMO, Agricultural contractor Animal Bureau immune effect monitoring regularly. Husbandry 6. Establish regular disinfection system, select the appropriate disinfection drugs Bureau of broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity to disinfect. 7. Animals with avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease, should be killed instead of cured. For acute parasitic diseases and bacterial infectious diseases can use antibiotics or chemical drug treatment. Addressed in the pest management plan. 2.1 Environmental Management Plan of Livestock Breeding Sub-Projects in Stony Desertification Areas negative Monitoring Phases Main activities Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors impact agency Water and soil It is banned to build nursing house in rocky desertification areas and to fetch Preparation Nursing house erosion phase Construction gravel soil, cut trees,etc. It is forbidden to graze sheep, cattle, chickens, pigs on the stone mountain, to avoid the animals eat the roots and leaves which will exacerbate water loss, soil Project PMO Agricultural Destruction of erosion and aggravate the degree of rocky desertification. contractor department Breeding Breeding vegetation in phase Rear the livestock in captivity, develop the forage grass production, increase rocky areas forage grass supply, maintain the relative balance of supply and demand, in order to reduce the livestock carrying pressure of natural grassland. - 127 - negative Monitoring Phases Main activities Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors impact agency Build the biogas tank to dispose the livestock manure, use the biogas to lighting, Project PMO Animal manure Ambient cooking dishes, use the biogas water for irrigation of fruit trees, use biogas contractor Agricultural treatment contaminate residue to fertilize fields and feed the fish. Reduce the demand for cutting department vegetation in stone mountain to slow down the degree of rocky desertification. 3. Environmental Management Plan of Infrastructural Sub projects of Construction Roads, Water Tank, Water Diversion Facilities Main Negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency Alternative comparison, it is in order to avoid potential negative impacts of construction and operation.The project's location should be avoided in nature reserves, scenic spots, the world cultural and natural heritage sites, drinking water sources reserve, basic grassland, forest park, geological parks, important EIA The location wetland, natural forests, rare and endangered species of wild fauna and flora Consultant, Design and layout of FSR FSR approval natural concentrated distribution area, key soil erosion prevention and control FSR approval phase feasibility Consultant agency, PMO area, eutrophication water area, cultural relics protection units and significant agency, study history, culture, science, national protected area.Environmental protection PMO facilities and engineering facilities should be designed at the same time, and the cost of environmental protection measures is required to be included in the project investment estimation. 1.It should strictly manage in saving water, and reduce the construction waste water discharge; PMO, Local Construction 2. Personnel waste water shall not be dumped randomly, to be treated relying on Local Environmental water and Water Project the nearest living facilities. Environmental Protection household pollution contractor 3. construction waste shall not be dumped into the nearby river; Protection bureau,Environm waste water 4. Do the daily maintenance of the machinery, to avoid the phenomenon of run, bureau ental Supervision Construc drip and leakage. In addition, to cover all the machines in the rain the rainy. tion 1.Strengthen on the management and civilized construction, discharge the phase Local building materials lightly, it should cover tarpaulin while the vehicles are PMO, Environmental transporting the materials such as lime, ballast, cement which will generate Local Excavations an Air Project Protection dust. Environmental d fillings pollution contractor bureau, 2. It can be prevented from raised dust to do watering and cleaning on the Protection Environmental construction sites and construction roads. bureau Supervision 3.The transportation of building materials and waste soil shall comply with the - 128 - Main Negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency local relevant traffic regulations (such as bagging, covering or airtight transportation), at the time of shipment is not allowed overload and the soil sprinkling . 4. The concrete mixer should be located in the shed which should be located away from the densely populated areas such as the residents and schools. There would be a spraying and dust reducing measures while stirring to reduce dust emission. 1. It is needed to make a waste disposal and transportation plan to avoid overload transportation which will cause dropping of solid waste. 2. It should be classified and centralized storage of the abandoned building materials, and it is suggested to recycle by the collectors for the recyclable Local Earthworks, materials, and convey the unrecyclable materials to the specified construction PMO, Environmental waste soil waste dumps. It is banned to treat mixed with household waste and discard Local Protection transport and Solid waste casually. Environmental bureau, disposal, and pollution 3 It is suggested that the generated construction waste to be backfilled on the Protection Environmental solid waste spot as far as possible, residual waste to be transported to other local Project bureau Supervision generation construction sites, or sent to the designated place to pile up according to the contractor requirements of local environmental protection department. It is resolutely banned to dump the waste into the nearby river and other rivers in China, pickup to relevant departments for bio-safety disposal and utilization timely and orderly. Serendipito If discover cultural relics, must stop construction, protect the scene, timely Local construction us cultural inform the local department for cultural relics protection, the re-excavation cultural relics and excavation relic work shall not be done till the end of cultural relics identification and competent protection. department Local PMO, Environmental Construction 1. It should be choose the low noise equipment for construction. While Vehicle Local Protection and Noise transportation at night, should be no honking. Project Environmental bureau, transportation pollution 2. It is need to take effective noise reduction and vibration reduction measures contractor Protection Environmental vehicles in construction, such as elastic cushion, cladding, acoustic shield, etc. bureau Supervision construction Water and 1.It is reasonable to arrange the construction time, as far as possible to avoid the PMO, Local Project sites and soil erosion storm season to do a large scale excavation and backfill of earthwork, to avoid Local Environmental contractor surface soil the rain on the surface of soil erosion and destruction; Environmental Protection - 129 - Main Negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency vegetation 2. Temporary covers of land should be timely recovery; Protection bureau, elimination 3. When put the pile temporary, please stack surface soil in the middle of the bureau Environmental site, and stack the stone pile up in the surrounding, in order to protect the soil Supervision erosion. Local 1.It is require to cover canvas on transportation vehicle. Environmental Air 2. It is needed to clean the vehicles in time to avoid dust on the road; Project Protection Transportation PMO pollution 3. It can grow green plants on both sides of roads to reduce the influence of the contractor bureau, air environment. Environmental Operatio Supervision n phase Local Environmental Noise It is needed to have a vehicles’ speed limit, afforesting the both sides on roads, Project Protection Transportation PMO pollution in order to reduce the impact on the environment. contractor bureau, Environmental Supervision 3.1 Environmental Management Plan of Infrastructural Sub projects of Construction Roads, Water Tank, Water Diversion Facilities in Stony Desertification Areas Main negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency 1.To build the roads should use of the existing road as far as possible, if needed to build new roads, it is better to minimize the width and length under the premise of convenient and safety for access. 2.It is banned to build roads in rocky desertification areas and to fetch gravel Water Water and Preparati soil, cut trees,etc. Project conservancy, Civil work soil erosion PMO on phase 3.It should be closed management in the stone mountain of rocky contractor Environmental desertification area. Protection bureau 4.Take active water engineering measures on block, storage, production, irrigation and diversion to reduce water and soil erosion, conservation of the soil. 4. Environmental Management Plan of Storage and Warehouse Sub projects - 130 - Main negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency 1.Alternative comparison, it is in order to avoid potential negative impacts of construction and operation.The project's location should be avoided in nature reserves, scenic spots, the world cultural and natural heritage sites, drinking water sources reserve, basic grassland, forest park, geological parks, important wetland, natural forests, rare and endangered species of wild fauna and flora EIA natural concentrated distribution area, key soil erosion prevention and control The location Consultant, area, eutrophication water area, cultural relics protection units and significant Design and layout of FSR FSR FSR approval history, culture, science, national protected area.Environmental protection phase feasibility Consultant approval agency, PMO facilities and engineering facilities should be designed at the same time, and study agency , the cost of environmental protection measures is required to be included in the PMO project investment estimation. 2.If the location is selected in the industrial zone, it must be set in legal formalities and with the complete environmental protection formalities. 3. The independent location should conform to the requirements of the local city planning of land use. Local 1.It should be strictly managed in saving water, and reduce the construction PMO Environmental Construction waste water discharge; Local Protection water and Water Project 2. Personnel waste water shall not be dumped randomly, to be treated relying Environment bureau, household pollution contractor on the nearest living facilities. al Protection Environmental waste water 3. construction waste shall not be dumped into the nearby river; bureau Supervision 1.Strengthen on the management and civilized construction, discharge the building materials lightly, it should cover tarpaulin while the vehicles are Constructio transporting the materials such as lime, ballast, cement will generating dust. n phase 2. It can be prevented from raised dust to do watering and cleaning on the Local construction sites, and construction roads. PMO Environmental 3.The transportation of building materials and waste soil shall comply with the Local Protection Excavations Project Air pollution local relevant traffic regulations (such as bagging, covering or airtight Environment bureau, and fillings contractor transportation), at the time of shipment is not overloaded and the soil don’t al Protection Environmental sprinkling . bureau Supervision 4. The concrete mixer should be located in the shed which should be located away from the densely populated areas such as the residents and schools. There would be a spraying and dust reducing measures while stirring to reduce dust emission. - 131 - Main negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency 1. It is needed to make a waste disposal and transportation plan to avoid overload transportation which will cause dropping of solid waste. 2. It should be classified and centralized storage of the abandoned building materials, and it is suggested to recycle by the collectors for the recyclable Local Earthworks, materials, and convey the unrecyclable materials to the specified construction PMO Environmental waste soil waste dumps. It is banned to treat mixed with house waste and discard Local Protection transport and Solid waste casually. Environment bureau, disposal ,and pollution 3 It is suggested that the generated construction waste to be backfilled on the al Protection Environmental solid waste spot as far as possible, residual waste to be transported to other local Project bureau Supervision generation construction sites, or sent to the designated place to pile up according to the contractor requirements of local environmental protection department. It is resolutely banned to dump the waste into the nearby river and other rivers in China, pickup to relevant departments for bio-safety disposal and utilization timely and orderly. Serendipitou If discover cultural relics, must stop construction, protect the scene, timely Local construction s cultural inform the local department for cultural relics protection, the re-excavation cultural relics and relic work shall not be done till the end of cultural relics identification and competent excavation protection. department Local PMO Construction 1.It should be choose the low noise equipment for construction; While Vehicle Environmental Local and Noise transportation at night, should be no honking. Project Protection Environment transportatio pollution 2. It is need to take effective noise reduction and vibration reduction measures contractor bureau, al Protection n vehicles in construction, such as elastic cushion, cladding, acoustic shield, etc. Environmental bureau Supervision 1.It is reasonable to arrange the construction time, as far as possible to avoid Local construction the storm season to do a large scale excavation and backfill of earthwork, to PMO Environmental sites and Water and avoid the rain on the surface of soil erosion and destruction; Local Project Protection surface soil soil erosion 2. Temporary covers of land should be timely recovery; Environment contractor bureau, plantation 3. When put the pile temporary, please stack surface soil in the middle of the al Protection Environmental elimination site, and stack the stone pile up in the surrounding, in order to protect the soil bureau Supervision erosion. 1. The construction and household waste water sites can be treated by septic PMO Local Operation warehousing Water tank after collection,and then discharge into the municipal sewage pipe; Project Local Environmental phase activity pollution 2. The fields and waste water treatment facilities should be well anti-seepage contractor Environment Protection treatment,to prevent the underground water pollution. al Protection bureau, - 132 - Main negative Monitoring Phases Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors activities impact agency bureau Environmental Supervision 1. It should enhance the management to reduce the exposed time of abandoned by timely cleaning, to prevent the solid dropping while transportation. Local 2. It should be set a device against the rain and scattering for the temporary PMO Environmental Air and solid waste site. Local warehousing Project Protection odour 3. It is ensured ventilation in construction sites, and spray pesticides regularly. Environment activity contractor bureau, pollution 4. It should be cleaned up timely for the solid waste to avoid the odour from al Protection Environmental fermentation ; bureau Supervision 5. By the application of the block and absorption of plants, it would greatly reduce the stink. Local PMO The waste plastic bags, rotten vegetables and fruits generated from the sites Environmental Local warehousing Solid waste need to collect unified and piled up to the designated garbage dumps, then Project Protection Environment activity pollution transfer to waste transfer station, finally into the county comprehensive landfill contractor bureau, al Protection landfill disposal. Environmental bureau Supervision Local PMO Environmental Local warehousing Environment Project Protection It Should be reasonable located the site, and prepare the corresponding Environment activity al risks contractor bureau, environmental risk plan to enhance facility management. al Protection Environmental bureau Supervision 5. Environmental Management Plan of Tourism Development Sub projects negative Monitoring Phases Main activities Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors impact agency Alternative comparison, it is in order to avoid potential negative impacts of construction and operation.The project's location should be avoided in nature reserves, scenic spots, the world cultural and natural heritage sites, drinking EIA Consultant, Project The location and water sources reserve, basic grassland, forest park, geological parks, FSR FSR approval FSR approval design layout of important wetland, natural forests, rare and endangered species of wild fauna Consultant agency , agency, PMO phase feasibility study and flora natural concentrated distribution area, key soil erosion prevention PMO and control area, eutrophication water area, cultural relics protection units and significant history, culture, science, national protected - 133 - negative Monitoring Phases Main activities Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors impact agency area.Environmental protection facilities and engineering facilities should be designed at the same time, and the cost of environmental protection measures is required to be included in the project investment estimation. The design of buildings and artificial landscape should comply with the local folk customs, cultural traditions and natural landscape. Local 1.It should be strictly managed in saving water, and reduce the construction PMO Environmental Construction water waste water discharge; Local Water Project Protection and household 2. Personnel waste water shall not be dumped randomly, to be treated relying Environmental pollution contractor bureau, waste water on the nearest living facilities. Protection Environmental 3. construction waste shall not be dumped into the nearby river; bureau Supervision 1. The earthwork should be stopped in the 4 class or above windy day. 2. Watering regular on the bare surface within the construction site , keep soil moisture, and reduce the dust on surface; 3. It is strictly forbidden to handling waste residue and cement to volley scatters. It is suggested to use enclosed compartment for sporadic materials Local transportation, to avoid materials dropping which will cause dust; PMO Environmental 4. Waste soil should be given on the spot, if it is useless, it should be cleaned Local Excavations and Air Project Protection up and transported away without delay. When pickup should also be in Environmental Constru fillings pollution contractor bureau, accordance with the relevant requirements, the pickup vehicle should be Protection ction Environmental covered, and the vehicle speed limit.For earthwork excavation at the same bureau phase Supervision time, in the dry season when construction, should carry on the sprinkler dust, the main operating point may generate dust, such as cement storage area should be set in downwind of the field, and the fence or wind deflector which covered the powder material in its surroundings should be set up temporary, in order to prevent dust diffusion. 1. It is advocated civilized construction,and it is needed to make a waste disposal and transportation plan to avoid overload transportation which will Local cause dropping of solid waste. PMO Earthworks, waste Environmental 2. It should be classified and centralized storage of the abandoned building Local soil transport and Solid waste Project Protection materials, and it is suggested to recycle by the collectors for the recyclable Environmental disposal ,and solid pollution contractor bureau, materials, and convey the unrecyclable materials to the specified Protection waste generation Environmental construction waste dumps. It is banned to treat mixed with house waste and bureau Supervision discard casually. 3 It is suggested that the generated construction waste to be backfilled on the - 134 - negative Monitoring Phases Main activities Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors impact agency spot as far as possible, residual waste to be transported to other local construction sites, or sent to the designated place to pile up according to the requirements of local environmental protection department. It is resolutely banned to dump the waste into the nearby river and other rivers in China, pickup to relevant departments for bio-safety disposal and utilization timely and orderly. Serendipito If discover cultural relics, must stop construction, protect the scene, timely Local Construction and us cultural inform the local department for cultural relics protection, the re-excavation cultural relics excavation relic work shall not be done till the end of cultural relics identification and competent protection. department 1.It should be choose the low noise equipment for construction; While Vehicle transportation at night, should be no honking.To strengthen Local PMO environmental protection education, and do civilized construction, reduce Environmental Construction and Local Noise construction noise and life noise pollution on the surrounding environment; Project Protection transportation Environmental pollution 2. It is need to take effective noise reduction and vibration reduction contractor bureau, vehicles Protection measures in construction, such as elastic cushion, cladding, acoustic shield, Environmental bureau etc. While the vehicles in and out of the construction site should be no Supervision honking. 1.It is reasonable to arrange the construction time, as far as possible to avoid Local the storm season to do a large scale excavation and backfill of earthwork, to PMO Construction Environmental Water and avoid the rain on the surface of soil erosion and destruction; Local sites and surface Project Protection soil erosion 2. Temporary covers of land should be timely recovery; Environmental soil plantation contractor bureau, 3. When put the pile temporary, please stack surface soil in the middle of the Protection elimination Environmental site, and stack the stone pile up in the surrounding, in order to protect the soil bureau Supervision erosio. Local PMO Environmental Operati Tourism activities It is mainly the waste water and sewage from catering, sewerage should be Local Water Project Protection on and treated by the facilities such as the oil separation tank, septic tanks,biogas Environmental pollution contractor bureau, phase accommodations pool and other facilities, it can not be directly discharged. Protection Environmental bureau Supervision - 135 - negative Monitoring Phases Main activities Mitigation/ prevention and control measures Executors Supervisors impact agency Local PMO Environmental Local Tourists dining Air Mainly is the lampblack, it shall be set up lampblack purifier and special flue Project Protection Environmental and etc. pollution for tourist restaurants, to reduce the influence on atmospheric environment. contractor bureau, Protection Environmental bureau Supervision Local 1. The household refuse can be unify collected to the the towns waste PMO Tourism Environmental transfer station, finally entered the county comprehensive landfill to Local activities and Solid waste Project Protection disposal. Environmental accommodations, pollution contractor bureau, 2. Refectory garbage can be unify collected and then sent to the specified Protection etc. Environmental point. bureau Supervision 1.It should be considered of the ecological environment, in particular of Local plants or animals protection, it should be made a reasonable planning for Environmental rational development to avoid negative impact. PMO Protection 2.The waste water and solid waste should be reasonable disposed to avoid Local Tourism Ecological Project bureau, the impact on the regional ecological environment. Environmental Activities, etc. impact contractor Toursim 3. Strengthen the environmental protection dissemination for local Protection bureau, residents and tourists, to protect the local natural environment, don't pick bureau Environmental flowers and plants, don’t graffito or do any other detrimental activities on Supervision scenic landscape and ecological environment. - 136 -