Internet: http://www.cgiar.org May 1998 New Appointment 1998 CGIAR Mid-Term Meeting: for CGIAR Mobilizing Science for Global Food Security Chairman T he CGIAR holds its 1998 Mid-Term ing "Brazil Day," MTM98 participants Meeting (MTM98) from May 25-29 will have the opportunity to interact with hIsail Serageldin in Brasilia, Brazil. The meeting is hosted Brazilian scientists at three of Embrapa's v by the Government of the Federal Repub- research institutes and tour its Science for lic of Brazil (Ministry of Agriculture and Life exhibition. Interactive programs will Food Supply and the Brazilian Agricul- be held at the Cerrados Agricultural Re- ( n March 23, 1998, World Bank tural Research Corporation-Embrapa) in search Center (CPAC), the Horticultural 0 President James D. Wolfensohn. ap- conjunction with Embrapa's twenty-fifth Center (CNPH), and the Biotechnology pointed Mr. Ismail Serageldin as the anniversary celebrations. For over 20 and Genetic Resources Center Bank's Vice President for Special Pro- years the CGIAR (Cenargen). grams. In this capacity, Mr. Serageldin and Embrapa have CGIAR MID-TERM MEETING 1998 The Science for will lead an effort to promote a cultural worked together to Life exhibition, heritage agenda to help the Bank's mem- bring food security mounted by ber countries preserve their history and to poor people liv- - Embrapa for its culturc in thcir development processes. ing in Brazil's rural V , t . 0 25th anniversary, He will continue his association as Chair- areas. Collabora- will boast some man of the CGIAR, the Consultative tion has becn ex- 3,3 50 sqmauoathrCeAR te Cnsltaiv tion has been ex- / xS i K A 3,350 square Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), and tensive, involving meters of exhibit the Global Water Partnership (GWP). 11 CGIAR centers, space, auditori-oi- 13 Embrapa re- BRASILIA - BRAZIL ums, restaurants tem hid d, bli search institutes, May 25 - 29 e x p e r i m e n t a i ties, Mr. Serageldin said, "I am absolutely and two of its cen- kitchens, and delighted with this development. It will tral units. Since 1984, Brazil-repre- demonstration plots. The CGIAR will allow me to devote increased time and at- sented by Embrapa-has been a member highlight its close collaboration with tention to the work of the three CG's with of the CGIAR, participating in CGIAR Embrapa in an exhibit on "Science for which I am most closely associated, and decisionmaking and in setting research Global Food Security" as part of the larger focus on the larger task of mainstreaming priorities. The CGIAR will hold a special exhibition. The CGIAR exhibit, orga- issues of culture into the Bank's develop- ceremony during MTM98 to salute nized by CIAT, will emphasize plant ge- ment paradigm." Embrapa on its anniversary and pay trib- netic diversity, crop improvement, bio- The World Bank has had an abiding ute to its valued contributions as a CGIAR technology, farmer participatory research, interest in the role of culture in develop- member and research partner. natural resources management, and bio- ment. Indeed, it was one of the first de- Embrapa's extensive research network logical control of pests in displays of seeds, velopment institutions to adopt a policy and scientific achievements will be show- cased on the first day of MTM98. Dur- Continued on page 13 Continued on page 12 CGIAR NEWS 1 The CGIAR in the Twenty-first Century -Mahendra Shah The Third Review of the CGIAR System wvas launched at the CGIAR's Mid-Term Meeting in May 1997. Review Chair Maurice Strong will present the Panel's preliminary findings to the CGIAR at MTM98, and its final conclusions and recommendations at International Centers Week in October 1998. In the following article Mr. Mahendra Shah, Executive Secretary of the System Review Secretariat, shares the Panel's perspectives, based on its March 1998 meeting, on the CGIAR's future research strategy, partnerships, governance and finance, manage- ment processes, future role, and other issues. A Partnership-based Research Strategy and the problems of marginal environ- In this Issue... m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rents. In this Issue . . . W ith 800 million people in the world 1dlacking food security, the Information Technology. As with bio- 1998 CGIAR Mid-Term Meeting: overarching mission of the CGIAR is per- technology, developments in information Mobilizing Science for Global Food Security ..................1 haps more relevant today than ever be- technologies provide potential opportu- fore. In positioning itself to take on the nities to broaden the adoption and im- New Appointment for CGIAR challenges and opportunities of the pact of CGIAR research efforts. Ex- Chairman .....1 twenty-first century, the CGIAR must panded access to the Internet in The CGIAR in the Twenty-first devise a partnership-based and sharply developing countries presents opportuni- Century ...................2 focused research strategy built on its ex- ties for new modes of outreach, collabo- isting strengths. This strategy should rative research, and capacity building for A New Vision for ICRISAT .........3 emphasize germplasm improvement and the CGIAR, through distance learning Gender Staffing in the CGIAR: genetic resources management, biotech- programs, inclusion of national agricul- Centers Convene to Chart Future nology, information technology, intellec- tural research systems (NARS) in the Directions .. . ... 4 tual property rights, and integrated natu- CGIAR's integrated information network, An African Treasure of Useful ral resources management. broader dissemination of research find- Genes .6 ings, and enhanced sharing of informa- ICRAF Celebrates Its 20th Genetic Resources. The CGIAR holds tion. The Review Panel is evaluating the ICRAnniversary tes.Its 20ththe world's largest collection of plant ge- proposal for a Global Agricultural Science Anniversary .............. .........7 netic resources, with some 600,000 ac- and Technology Information System. Past and Upcoming ....................8 cessions held in trust on behalf of the glo- Africa on the Move ...................9 bal community through an agreement Intellectual Property Rights. Genetic with FAO. Various international agree- resources, information technologies, and The Trek Upstream: Boosting the ments, including the Convention on Bio- biotechnology require the CGIAR to de- Role of Farmers, Especially Women, logical Diversity (CBD) and the Trade velop the capacity to address intellectual in Research ........... ........ 10 Related Intellectual Property Protection property rights (IPR) issues. The CGIAR The CGIAR Salutes Embrapa .... 13 System (TRIPS), govern ownership of must respond strategically and creatively these collections and carry important im- to the implications of IPR. The Review The CGIAR ................... 16 plications for their future availability and Panel is examining the prospect of creat- use. The CGIAR must strengthen its ef- ing a centralized IPR unit to serve the forts to develop a comprehensive policy CGIAR centers. on these issues and take a position of ex- pert scientific leadership within the vari- Natural ResourcesManagement. Inte- Issued by the CGIAR Secretariat, ous international fora negotiating the fu- grated natural resources management 1818 H Street, NW, ture of genetic resources. (NRM) is an increasingly significant re- Washington, DC, 20433, USA. search and research management issue. Telephone ,1202) 473,8951 Biotechnology. The CGIAR must em- The CGIARslhould clearly identify NRM Telephone: (1-202) 473-8951. brace technological developments in research issues of international impor- Fax: (1-202) 473-8110. achieving its mission, otherwise it risks tance, such as soil depletion, water man- Visit the CGIAR Homepage on the losing its competitive edge. Bioteclnol- agement, and the role of genetic resources Internet at: http://www.cgiar.org. ogy should be pursued as a tool insofar as in NRM; initiate studies on research it contributes to the public goods nature of the CGIAR, the well-being of the poor, Continued on page 9 2 CGIAR NEWS A New Vision for ICRISAT -Shawki Barghouti Director General Shawki Barghouti wvill present ICRISAT's newv vision to CGIAR members and partners at the Mid-Term Meeting in Brasilia, Brazil, May 25-29, 1998. Followving are bighlights of ICRISAT's newv vision, strategy, and institutional reforms. Shaiwki Baeghouti I CRISAT has a new vision. It is of an triesrescueandpreserveenidanigered thrusts: (i) identifyinig major international research center that crop biodiversity; (ii) introducing emerging trends in the economic is more open, partnership-orienited, and and applying new biotechnologi- and institutional environmient of efficient as an institution; that forms an cal tools to the needs of the semi- the semi-arid tropics to guide fu- effective knowledge bridge between Asia arid tropics; (iii) identifyilg valu- ture research; (ii) increasing im- and Africa; and that strives to bring the able new traits for resistance to pact by leveraging wider best in science to solve the problems of biological and environmental spillovers of technologies; and the poor in the semi-arid tropics. stresses; and (iv) improving breed- (iii) breaking throughi bottle- This new vision is the nucleus of a ing populations as a vehicle for necks which limit the imipact of broad renewal of the center that includes a sharing newv traits xvith national key existing techniologies. The new research strategy and institutional re- agricultural research systems program will address the discrep- forms. Based on an intensive self-examina- (NARS). This program will be ancy between the adoption and tion in which ICRISAT's board oftrustees, based at ICRISAT's facilities in In- success of agricultural technology staff, and partners participated, the re- dia, which provide unparalleled ac- in Africa as compared to Asia, newal is essential for ICRISAT to continue cess to the center's genebank and seeking ways to overcome road- to effectively fulfill its mission ofincreas- biotechnology labs. Particular blocks to progress on the Afri- ing food security, reducing poverty, and problems will require special strat- can continient. protecting the environmiient in the semi- egies involvinig partners through- arid tropics of the developing world. out the semi-arid tropics. The Partnerships are funidamental to ICRISAT's research will promote the development of breeding popu- ICRISAT's new strategy. ICRISAT sees optimum use of three vital resources of lations will emphasize vigorous partnerships as the most effective meanis the semi-arid tropics-genetic resources, partnerships will NARS, wvith of translating ideas into results on the natural resources, and socioeconomic re- greater direct ICRISAT involve- ground and of building nationial capacity sources. Research will be conducted to ment in Africa. in developing countries. While the understand the full potential of each type center's closest partners will continiue to of resource and to generate knowledge * Natural Resources Management be NARS, ICIUSAT will strengtlhen its and technology that promote better use (NRM)-ICRISAT's focus on partnerships with non-governmiiiental or- of these resources. The new knowledge NRM will shift from field level ganizationis and the private sector. and technologies will be shared widely for management questions to micro Institutional reforms ensure that the benlefit of the poor in the semi-arid (e.g., plant, soil, nutrienit, biota, ICRISAT will be as cost-effective, effi- tropics and elsewlhere. To implement this farmer interactions) and macro cient, flexible, and financially sustainiable strategy, ICRJSAT will capitalize on revo- (e.g., watershed, scale, landscape, as possible. New organizational arrange- lutions taking place in genetics, ecology ecoregion) directions. The pro- menits and nevw business practices for hu- and informatics, and people-centered sci- gram vwill emphasize Africa, espe- man resources management, administra- ence. Research is being consolidated un- cially breaking through barriers to tive procedures, information technology, der three programs corresponding to the increased on-farm productivity in and the maniagement of facilities in India three resources emphasized in the new sustainable ways. In Asia, the fo- and Africa are being instituted. strategy, as follows: cus will be on environmenltal and ICRISAT's new vision and strategy sustaiinability problems arising coupled wvith reform measures bring the Genetic Resources and Enhance- from the intenisification of agricul- most penetrating institutional transformiia- ment-For the first time, ture. Work on integrated pest tion since ICRISAT's establishmenlt in ICRISAT's genetic improvement management will be included Lll- 1972. These fundamiienital changes will effort will be organized according der this program, and participatory ensure that ICRISAT will be well posi- to major topical thrusts, rather approaches wvill be stressed. tioned to aggressively address the chal- than crop mandates, to create lenges facing the semi-arid tropics today more flexibility. The four thrusts * Sociocconomics and Policy-This and into the next millennium. are: (i) helping developing coun- program will focus on three broad CGIAR NEWS 3 Gender Staffing in the CGIAR: Centers Convene to Chart Future Directions -Deborah Merrill-Sands, Sara Scherr, and Bonnie McClafferty T he CGIAR centers are institutions women among internationially-recruited of the CGIAR centers, an Inter-Center of distinction staffed by highly quali- staff increased from 12 percent to 16 per- Consultation on Gender Staffing: Les- fied scientists and professionals drawn cent. Women now comprise 20 percent soIIs Learned and Future Directions from from a global pool of excellence. It was of board members and 10 percent of the April 28-30, 1998 at ISNAR headquar- not until recently, however, that the middle and senior managers in the cen- ters in The Hague, Netherlands. This CGIAR system recognized that it had not ters. At the same time, the percentage of meeting of 25 senior managers and sci- sufficiently explored the depth and women among nationally-recruited scien- entists from across the CGIAR system breadth of that pool. The CGIAR Gen- tists and professionals has increased from sought to take stock of lessons learned and der Staffing Program, initiated in 1991, 18 percent to 45 percent. Of equal im- challenges faced, to deepen collective highlighted the expanding role of women portance, the centers have begun to sys- understanding of gender issues in orga- in the sciences and their importance as a tematically incorporate the knowledge, nizations and the leverage points for reservoir of talent upon which the cen- tools, and strategies for creating a gender change, and to identify strategies and pri- ters can draw to ensure excellence in staff- equitable work environment into the fab- orities for future action. ing. The Program, coordinated by the ric of their policies, management systems, Four distinguished external resource CGIAR Secretariat, has been supporting and work practices. While efforts clearly persons-Dr. Gerhard Sonnert from Ger- the centers to attract and retain highly need to continue, the centers have made many, Dr. Indira Parikh from India, Dr. qualified women scientists and profession- significant strides toward creating orga- Ragnhild Sohlberg from Norway, and Dr. als, and to create work environments that nizational environments that both en- Deborah Kolb from the United States- are supportive of the productivity, career hance their ability to fulfill their missions provided diverse perspectives and exper- development, and job satisfaction. of both and harness the wealth of skills, perspec- tise from both the public and private sec- women and men. tives, and knowledge that wvomen and tors. Most importantly, they drew Significant progress has been made. men bring to the workplace. participants' attention to cutting-edge re- Since 1991, the number of female inter- To review progress and design future search and management approaches to nationally-recruited staff has increased by strategies, the CGIAR Gender Staffing gender and organizational change from 23 percent, as the relative proportion of Program and ISNAR hosted, on behalf different parts of the world. A profes- "_ I irt i i ~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ j _ 2 _ ~~~~~~~~I_ Participants at the recent Inter-Center Consultation on Gender Staffing: Lessons Learned and Future Directions, held at ISNAR on April 28-30, 1998 in The Hague, Netherlands. Continued on page 5 4 CGIAR NEWS Gender Staffing and practices for helping staff to yet sufficiently advanced for full Continued from Page 4 better integrate their work and per- mainstreaming. sonal lives. sional facilitator directed the event, culti- * The next phase of the program vating the creative energies of all partici- To assist participants to explore gen- should continue to develop the pants and directing their contributions der issues in the workplace in more depth, work on gender, but also broaden toward tangible outcomes. CIMMYT presented its experience of pur- its scope to include other aspects Center participants began their work suing the "dual agenda" of fostering gen- of staff diversity, such as national- by reviewing the current status of gender der equity and strengthening organiza- ity (developing and developed staffing in their centers. Representatives tional performance. As a result of its country) and aspects of culture, came to the consultation armed with well gender and organizational change efforts, race, and ethnicity. The new developed profiles of gender staffing is- CIMMYT noted that two-way commu- CGIAR Gender and Diversity Pro- sues in their centers, having identified nications between management and staff gram would embrace efforts at the strengths, achievements, innovations, and has improved, decisionmaking is more center and system levels. Its goal challenges. Outcomes from this exercise inclusive and effective at tapping relevant would be to "enhance the centers' were aggregated to give a picture of the expertise throughout the organization, capacity to pursue their missions state of gender staffing and organizational and staff classification and promotion sys- and strategic objectives through: i) change in the centers as assessed by the tems are more transparent and equitable. strengthening recruitment of high centers. Some key observations were made CIMMYT is now working to strengthen quality staff from the global pool with respect to the broad areas of recruit- teams and experimenting with multi-rater of women and other diverse iden- ment, parity in advancement and career performance assessment systems. Perhaps tity groups; and ii) developing work development, and retention, as follows: the strongest lesson to be taken from cultures, practices, and systems that CIMMYT's experience is that organiza- leverage the contributions of di- * Recruitment efforts are reaching tional change requires not only leadership verse staff to enhance equity and more women, but centers still need and commitment from the top, but also organizational effectiveness." to be more proactive if they are to the ideas and active participation of staff compete effectively in the interna- across all levels of the organization. * Future analyses and interventions tional market for top quality staff- CIMMYT Director General Timothy should build on the analytical frame- both men and women. Centers Reeves, addressing the consultation by work and methods of the "gender need to mobilize mechanisms and video, underscored his commitment to lens" that were developed during professional networks for "casting the gender staffing initiative and its cru- the previous phase of the Program. the net widely" during interna- cial role in enhancing CIMMYT's effec- tional searches; ensure that system- tiveness in pursuing its mission. * Future work on gender and diver- atic and transparent policies and Workshop deliberations then moved sity in staffing should continue to procedures are used in selection; beyond examining "what is" to learn from link directly to the mission of the and enhance staff's skills for inter- the experiences of other organizations, CGIAR and the goal of enhanc- viewing candidates in an effective such a the World Bank, multinational ing organizational effectiveness and gender sensitive manner. companies based in the United Kingdom, and impact. The spirit of this com- Norway, and the United States, and sev- mitment was captured in the words * Policies and practices to ensure eral Indian organizations. With this of CGIAR Chairman Ismail parity in advancement and career broader view, they then explored stra- Serageldin, in his video-taped re- development opportunities need tegic options for future work on gen- marks to the consultation: "As the fuller development and implemen- der staffing in the CGIAR. After ex- CGIAR moves into the twenty- tation. In particular, greater atten- tensive discussion, the consultation first century, agricultural research tion needs to be given to perfor- reached the following conclusions and faces critical technical, institu- mance evaluation procedures and recommendations: tional, political, and social chal- management training. lenges. To meet them, we need * Unanimous support was given for to attract the highest quality hu- * Centers' ability to retain high qual- continuing with a systemwide pro- man resources, women and men, ity staff depends on quality of the gram that would support centers' committed to promoting scientific work environment. More atten- initiatives in gender staffing by advances and strengthening global tion needs to be given to strength- providing leadership, technical partnerships .... Twenity-first cen- ening skills for managing a diverse support, supplementary resources, tury science will demand a twenty- work force, supporting dual-career and enhanced knowledge and in- first century workplace where couples, defining reasonable formation. It was concluded that workloads, and developing policies efforts on gender staffing were not Continued on page 12 CGIAR NEWS 5 An African Treasure of Useful Genes S cientists from WARDA have devel- tional and international genebanks. They Worldwide Collaboration oped a new type of rice plant with a assembled a collection of 1,500 lines of superior ability to compete with weeds. 0. glaberrima, which they then screened The impact of and demand for this re- West Africa's poorest farmers look set to for a wide range of traits. "What we found search now exist worldwide. Institutions reap the benefits, and there could be en- was a goldmine," says Jones. "The in Europe, NorthAmerica, Asia, and Latin vironmental gains. glaberrima lines showed tremendous di- America have started or are in the process WARDA's Sierra Leonese plant breeder versity in their resistance to major stresses, of conducting similar work in collabora- Monty Jones first came across Oryza including drought, blast disease, and iron tion with WARDA. For example, glaberrima, an indigenous African rice spe- toxicity. They also varied greatly in their ORSTOM in France is working on tag- cies, in the 1970s, while he was working growth duration, response to fertilizer, ging genes for resistance to rice yellow at the Rokupr Rice Research Station in his grain quality, and yield." mottle virus; Cornell University in the home country. He was struck by the fact Scientists at WARDA then began a pro- United States is studying the genetic di- that farmers in difficult environments con- gram of crossing 0. glaberrima and 0. versity of O.glaberrima; IRRI in the Phil- tinued to grow the species in preference sativa that included using a tissue culture ippines is working on tagging genes for to the higher-yielding 0. sativa varieties, technique to increase the success of ob- resistance to gall midge; CIAT in Colom- native to Asia, that were also available. taiiing fertile plants and to shorten the bia is working on screening new progenies Clearly O. glaberrima was better adapted number of cycles required for the fixation for adaptation to Latin American condi- to local environmental stresses. tions; and the University of Tokyo Jones' move to Mbe in the early in Japan and the University of Ar- 1990s to take up the post of Up- kansas in the United States are work- land Rice Breeder at WARDA gave ing on physiological aspects of the him the opportunity to realize his interspecific progenies. long cherished dream of crossing the two species. By embarking on such A Green Revolution for Africa? a project, he took WARDA's breed- ing program in a new direction. It is not always the way we say or For the past 3,500 years, Oryza do things that matters, but the way glaberrima has been selected and we see and perceive them. Has the cultivated throughout West Africa. green revolution by-passed Sub-Sa- Although it is not a high-yielding Photo courtesy of WARDA haran Africa or did it never arrive? plant, its genetic make-up offers re- A fundamental difference between sistance to several stresses such as of particular traits. These efforts resulted what is being done at WARDA and the drought, soil acidity, gall midge, nema- in the rapid production of promising newv Asian experience is that WARDA is devel- todes, rice yellow mottle virus, blast in- rice varieties. oping technologies that are adapted to the fections, and weeds. Its weed competi- WARDA research results demonstrated Sub-Saharan Africa environment without tiveness is particularly important for West that, with only 80 kilograms of nitrogen modifying that environment to fit the Africa, where weeding is usually done per hectare, the new upland rice plant type technology. manually. WARDA scientists have con- produced average yields of up to 5.6 tons Testing under low input management cluded that combatting weeds could re- per hectare. This is significantly greater proved that many of the newly fixed lines sult in an additional 1.5 million tons of than both parents showed in the same trial. had yields similar or better than the rice in the region. With no additional nitrogen, the new plant glaberrima parent, indicating their adap- Portuguese traders first introduced the type produced a yield of up to 2.9 tons tation to low input conditions. To fur- Asian rice Oryza sativa to Africa around per hectare. ther evaluate the impact of this new and 500 years ago. Although it is more vul- WARDA dedicates its efforts in the in- exciting breakthrough, WARDA started a nerable to weeds, it has a relatively high terspecific hybridization of 0. glaberrima farmer participatory varietal selection yield potential that has made it popular and 0. sativa to African farm families and (PVS) program. with farmers. As a result, it has steadily future generations. Even beyond this group The PVS program introduced interspe- replaced 0. glaberrima, which now ac- of people, the genes in O. glaberrima rep- cific varieties that meet farmers' demand counts for less than 20 percent of West resentapotentialtreasurewliich can be used for short-cycled (under 110 days), high- Africa's rice area. to address similar problems found on 12 yielding, pest-resistant, and low-input rice. Jones and his colleagues began by re- million hectares of upland rice in Asia and questing African rice materials from na- 4 million hectares in Latin America. Continued on page 7 6 CGIAR NEWS An African Treasure WARDA's new rice plant also represents Jones believes adoption rates in West Continued from Page 6 a powerful new weapon in the resource- Africa will be high. "Five to six years from poor farmer's struggle against weeds. now, I see these new materials flowinig Results obtained through the program in Women farmers in particular stand to ben- onto farmers' fields throughout the re- C6te d'lvoire have shown dramatic farmer efit, since they provide the bulk of the gion," he says. As is typical in resource- acceptance of interspecifics: all the farm- labor to rice cultivation in West Africa. poor farming systems, the new plants are ers (a total of 65, of which 20 were By reducing labor inputs while raising likely to complement existing varieties womeni) selected interspecifics to be in- yields, the new rice will lower the costs rather than totally replace them, so there Clded in their seed portfolio, and of production. It could also bring size- will be gains in biodiversity, too. interspecifics were identified as the best able environmental gains, helping to varieties by one-third of the farmers and stabilize the shifting cultivation system This article wvas provided by WARDA. constituted more than one-half of all vari- and, therefore, reduce deforestation, eties chosen. Similar results have been while enabling countries to cut back on Useful Characteristics of obtained in Guinea and Togo. herbicide imports. Oryzaglaberrima *Resistance to commoni stresses: = -drought -soil acidity V'tt: * ;> X -gall midge -nematodes A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-blast 44, ~~~~~~~~~~~-rice yellow m-ottle virus -weed competition * Excellent vegetative growth to sup- press weeds: -droopy leaves -high tillering Photo courtesy of WARDA ICRAF Celebrates Its 20th Anniversary April 23, 1998 was a day of celebra- Nairobi, followed by a welcome address in the fountain area in front of the main tion at ICRAF, as the center simulta- by ICRAF Director General Pedro entrance to witness a tree planting cer- neously celebrated its twentieth anni- Sanchez. Mr. Sanchez charted the evo- emony, in which distinguished visitors versary and inaugurated a new research lution of ICRAF from its foundation in planted four high-value species indig- building at its Nairobi headquarters. 1977 as a council with a focus on Africa enous to Africa. Among the distinguished guests to a CGIAR research center with a global Another cause for celebration was present at the occasion were CGIAR mandate. An inspiring speech by Mr. the special status conferred by the Gov- Chairman Ismail Serageldin, the Hon- Serageldin reminded all the guests of the ernment of Indonesia on the damar orable Andrew Kiptoon, Kenya's Min- urgency of the CGIAR's task and the spe- agroforests of the Krui people of ister for Science and Technology, and cial demands placed on ICRAF. The Sumiatra. In a seminar, Ir. Djamaloedin Ir. Djamaloedin Soeryohadikoesoemo, Hon. Andrew Kiptoon expressed Kenya's Soeryohadikoesoemo described a re- former Minister for Indonesian For- continuing commitment to the CGIARsys- cent ministerial decree empowering the estry. tem, and Mr. Yemi Katere, ICRAF Board Krui to protect and manage the for- The day began with a seminar by Chair, thanked ICRAF staff for their con- ests. ICRAF and its research partners Mr. Serageldin, which set ICRAF's tributions to the center's achievements. in Indonesia had played a part in docu- work in the context of the efforts of The highlight of the day was the cut- menting the environmental and social the CGIAR as a whole. After a tour of ting of the ribbon and the unveiling of benefits of communiity management. the new building, including a new labo- the plaque commemorating the building The day ended with a reception ratory and conference facilities, guests by the Hon. Andrew Kiptoon, who de- hosted by ICRAF's Board of Trustees assembled in the conference hall, where clared the building officially open. The in the attractive courtyard of the new proceedings opened with a blessing and building was made possible through gen- building. prayers led by the Very Rev. George erous funding from Denmark, Germany, Wanjau of St. Andrew's Church, Japan, and Kenya. Guests then gathered T7is article was provided by ICRAF. CGIAR NEWS 7 Past and Upcoming... C. L. L. Gowda of ICRISAT re- gineering (Plant Breeding). This is India's President, Corporate Staff, at Norsk ceived the Vietnamese Medal of Agri- third highest civilian honor. Hydro ASA in Norway. She succeeds culture and Rural Development "for Dr. R. S. Paroda. distinguished contribution to ground- Per Pinstrup-Andersen, Director nut development in Vietnam." The General of IFPRI, received the Charles Five new members were appointed award was presented by Dr. Ngo The A. Black Award on March 20, 1998. This to the Technical Advisory Commit- Dan, Vice-Minister, Ministry of Agri- award is presented annually by the Iowa- tee in January 1998-Michael Cernea, culture and Rural Development, in based Council forAgricultural Science and Alain de Janvry, Maria Antonia Hanoi on February 26, 1998. Technology (CAST) to a food or agricul- Fernandez Martinez, Elias Fereres, and tural research scientist who has made sig- Usha Barwale Zehr. They replaced de- Jorge E. Illucca is the new UNEP nificant scientific contributionis in his or parting members Ted Henzell, C. H. representative to the CGIAR. He suc- her field and communicates the impor- Hanumantlha Rao, Sir Ralph Riley, Pe- ceeded Franklin Cardy, who moved to tance of this work to the public, ter Magnus A. Tigerstedt, and Maria the World Bank. Mr. Illueca is Man- policymakers, and news media. Jose de 0. Zimmermann, whose terms aging Director and Assistant Executive ended on December 31, 1997. Director, Programme at UNEP. Marcio de Miranda Santos became IPGRI's Board Chair on November 1, Two new members were appointed Gurdev S. Khush, IRRI's Plant 1997. He succeeded Wanda Collins. to the Impact Assessment and Evalu- Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology ation Group-Cristina C. David and Division Head and Principle Plant Dharmawansa Senadhira, IRRI Plant Frans L. Leeuw. Breeder, was appointed Honorary Vis- Breeder and Program Leader of the iting Research Professor of the Norman Flood-Prone Rice Ecosystem, was chosen In February 1998, the "From Borlaug Institute for Plant Science as one of the three laureates of the Fukui Hope to Harvest" exhibit com- Research, De Montfort University, International Koshihikari Rice Prize memorating IFAD's twentieth anniver- England. The award will be conferred given by the Fukui Prefecture of Japan, sary included, among others, a large in July 1998. for his contribution to improvements in CGIAR display. The well attended dis- rice production through plant breeding. play, which highlighted CGIAR-IFAD David R. MacKenzie became Chair The prize will be awarded in October collaboration, featured attractive con- of CIP's Board of Trustees on Febru- 1998. tributions from IITA, IRRI, ICARDA, ary 26, 1998. He succeeded Martha CIMMYT, ICRISAT, ICRAF, ter Kuile. Virendra Pal Singh, an agronomist at ICLARM, and IPGRI. IRRI, was given a Plaque of Appreciation Douglas Merrey was appointed by the Rice Research and Development Sri Lanka and Fiji were elected as Deputy Director General at IIMI. Workers of Eastern India, in recognition the new CGIAR Regional Represen- of his initiative and support to rice re- tatives representing Asia and the Pa- Rajendra Singh Paroda, board search and development in the region. cific for the period 1999-2002. They member of ICRISAT and Director The award ceremony took place at will succeed Malaysia and Nepal. General of the Indian Council of Agri- Lucknow, India on March 19, 1998. cultural Research (ICAR), was awarded the Padma Bhushan on January 26, Ragnhild Sohlberg was elected as the This column vas compiledfrom information 1998 for "distinguished and excellent new Chair of the Governing Board of provided by the CGIAR centers and others. service" in the field of Science and En- ICRISAT. She also serves as the Vice We wvisb to thank all those who contributed. 8 CGIAR NEWS Africa on the Move W fith these words, "Development of Mr. Kabbaj presented a similar theme African agriculture is central to the when he gave the 1997 Sir John Crawford development of all African economies ... .. Lecture to the CGIAR at International The challenge for the future, therefore, is Centers Week in Washington, DC. In an to ensure increased productivity and in- eloquent and thought-provoking speech, Omar ICabbaj come generation through continuous Mr. Kabbaj addressed the challenge of provements, and suggested that the flows of technological innovation from ag- rural transformation in Africa and outlined CGIAR consider refocusing more sharply ricultural research," African Development the means that might be pursued to im- on commodities consumed by the poor Bank President Omar Kabbaj summarized prove socioeconomic conditions of the in Africa. He also encouraged the inter- the essence of the recent Inter-Ministe- rural population. He suggested that top national community to support the rial Conference on Sustainable Financing priorities should be: investing in rural CGIAR to strengthen African national of Agricultural Research and Develop- infrastructure, supporting the provision agricultural research systems. ment in West and Central Africa. The of rural finance, promoting improved in- meeting, held in Abidjan, C6te d'Ivoire puts and practices through research and on April 3, 1998, drew a large group of extension, and fostering sustainable man- Copies of Mr. ICabbaj's Sir John Crawford Me- international leaders and representatives agement of natural resources. morial Lecture entitled "The Challenge of De- of development agencies and agricultural He commended the CGIAR for its im- velopment and Poverty Reduction in Africa' research institutions. pressive achievements in crop genetic im- can be obtainedffrom the CGIAR Secretariat. Twenty-first Century handful of very capable NARS have working and research partnership with Continued from Page 2 emerged and may be looked to for sup- ARls, universities, NARS, non-govern- port of their less advanced counterparts. mental organizations, and the private sec- methodologies at those centers which As budgets tighten, a clear partnership tor likely will form part of the Review have a comparative advantage in this area; strategy must be developed. This strat- Panel's recommendations in this area. use international conventions as a frame- egy should include encouraging develop- work for setting research priorities; and ing country governments to better sup- Governance and Finance ensure that NRM capacity on its Techni- port their NARS; increasing NARS cal Advisory Committee (TAC) is further participation in CGIAR priority setting; System and center governance have strengthened. facilitating South-South cooperation become increasingly heavy and complex The CGIAR has placed emphasis on the among NARS; and engaging NARS as full and must be streamlined. More empha- ecoregional approach. Active interaction partners in collaborative research. sis should be placed on ensuring efficiency is needed with regional stakeholders so Much of the CGIAR is already work- and transparency in governance and that CGIAR priorities are compatible with ing with an eye to the future. However, decisionmaking mechanisms. Commit- and supplementary to the programs and several important adaptations must take tees and center boards will need to be- research agendas of NARS. Ecoregional place to more ftilly integrate the CGIAR come even more representative in an ef- research requires increased collaboration system, its centers, and its members fort to increase ownership of the system with NARS, advanced research institu- around common objectives. The amongallstakeholders. TheReviewPanel tions (ARIs), the private sector, and non- CGIAR's research must be founded on is evaluating various governance struc- governmental organizations (NGOs), and strategic applied research and compara- tures for the fiture, including a modified a stronger emphasis on incorporating in- tive advantages of the centers. In this way, and streamlined version of the current digenous and farmer knowledge and in- it might be useful to think of the system model and a model based on a system- novation systems. restructured around two dimensions- level board with an executive committee. one based on integrated gene manage- The CGIAR must also address the chal- Partnerships ment and the other on such "global man- lenges of declining Official Development agement" areas as ecoregional research, Assistance (ODA) for research and the in- The dual focus on productivity and natural resources management, and policy creasingly restricted nature of financial natural resources management brings in- studies. The Review Panel is evaluating contributions. This is a time for greater creasingly complex research questions to other such structures as well, including financial commitment to the CGIAR, the CGIAR and its partners. At the same regional and thematic groupings of cen- time, basic science skills are lacking within ters, keeping in mind the costs incurred many NARS. On the positive side, a by changes to the system. Greater net- Continued on page 14 CGIAR NEWS 9 The Trek Upstream: Boosting the Role of Farmers, Especially Women, in Research -Gerry Toomey W then Dr. Jacqueline Ashby of CIAT search design and execution. She believes "household food security, particularly talks about the participation of it is essential that the participation of farm- among children in poor countries, is vi- farmers-especially women-in research, ers move upstream from the adaptive and tally affected by women's access to in- the words "mainstreaming" and "moving testing phases of research to include pre- come-generating technologies." Gender upstream" regularly punctuate the con- adaptive phases, such as setting research analysis provides a means for ensuring that versation. "This has to do with bringinig priorities and defining criteria for tech- the voices of women are heard by includ- the farmer out of the field and into the nological success. When scientists take ing women in participatory research. screen houses, labs, and meeting rooms," into account farmers' traditional knowl- Gender analysis in agricultural research says Ashby, coordinator of the CGIAR's edge and experimental methods from the essentially means looking at how males year-old Systemwide Program on Partici- outset of their research, the benefits in- and females differ in their farming roles patory Research and Gender Analysis for clude quicker solutionis to real problems, and their use of resources. It, thus, goes Technology Development and Institu- more efficient use of research resources, to the heart of participatory research by tional Innovation (PRGA). and better relations with farmers. addressing a key issue, who exactly should By mainstreaming, Ashby means shift- participate? In helping to answer that ing the attitudes and practices of agricul- Accounting for Gender question, gender analysis contributes to tural researchers, both in CGIAR centers the efficiency of agricultural research. and national research programs of devel- The PRGA program twinis gender oping countries, so that farmer participa- analysis with the development of partici- A Little History tion and gender analysis become com- patory research methods because rural monplace in research on crops and natural women form a growing proportion ofthe The proposal for a five-year resources management. very poor. As noted in the PRGA pro- Systemwide Program on Participatory By moving upstream, Ashby means in- posal, submitted to the CGIAR's Tech- Research and Gender Analysis was fleshed volving farmers much earlier in formal re- nical Advisory Committee (TAC), out by some 50 researchers and develop- ment professionals at an international _ .-m . planning seminar in Cali, Colombia in September 1996. TAC approved the pro- gram in December of the same year, re- flecting the CGIAR's commitmenit to ensuring that technology development benefits poor rural women. After several - ~~~~~~~months of international coordiniation to launch the program and recruit workinig group facilitators, PRGA's operations got into full swing in April 1997. The PRGA program's five-year pro- jected budget is just over US$9 million. Funding is provided by Australia, Canada (the International Development Research Centre), Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, and the United K ingdom. The program is sponsored by four CGIAR centers: CIAT (the conveninig center), CIMMYT, ICARDA, and IRRI. Throughout the life of the program, these Photo courtesy of CIAT Continu1ed on page 1] 10 CGIAR NEWS The Trek Upstream Continued from Page 10 centers will collaborate with many part- ners, including other international cen- ters, national research institutes, univer- sities, non-governmental development organizations, and farmers/community groups. The cooperative "share the load" approach reflects that fact that the program's ambitious work agenda exceeds the capacity of any single institution. Three Working Groups The work of the PRGA program fo- cuses on three themes: plant breeding, natural resources management (NRMM) research, and gender analysis. An inter- national working group composed of bio- physical and social scientists has been Photo courtesyof CIAT formed for each theme. For the plant breeding and NRM stream agricultural science; the degree of Evaluating the Program working groups, a major priority is to as- research decentralizationi needed to reach sess and develop methods for participa- poor farmers; what seed production ar- The PRGA program will be evaluated tory research. Among other things, this rangements will work best for farmers; and from two perspectives. First, the scien- means making inventories of current prac- at what stage of research farmer involve- tific validity of the research methods or tices and conducting comparative studies ment yields the biggest payoff. participatory technologies developed by to see what works and does not work un- The time lag between conducting the program will be assessed by outsid der different conditions, and what the NRM research and seeing its impact will ers. Second, the overall impact of the costs are. necessitate that participatory methods program-that is, how and wlhether farm- Equally important, the two working stress farmer awareness of the benefits of ers benefit from the increased use of gen- groups want to build the capacity of the these long-term relations. Another issue der-sensitive participatory research-will various players in research-scientists, for the NRM group is how to involve be assessed. Full program evaluations are farmer groups, local institutions-to use multiple users of natural resources at dif- scheduled for the end of 1999 and at the participatory methods. They are, there- ferent scales of research-farm, commu- program's completion. fore, as concerned with organizational nity, watershed. Complicating this are the As a first step to imiproving its evalua- innovations favoring the adoption of par- sometimes conflicting interests of differ- tion skills and those of its partner institu- ticipatory methods as they are with the ent groups of resource users. For ex- tions, the PRGA program is planning a methods themselves. This will ensure that ample, farmers who water their cattle at workshop on impact assessment methods improved methods can be smoothly in- high-altitude springs may be at odds with for participatory research and gender corporated into the ongoing research downstream citizens concerned with im- analysis in September 1998. projects of the PRGA program's partner proving water potability. Developing ways institutions, including the CGIAR centers. to resolve conflicts is critical to the suc- Summing Up The gender working group works cess of NRM participatory research. closely with the other two groups. One The gender group's workplan calls for The CGIAR's systemwide PRGA pro- of its jobs is to ensure that the empirical gender analysis methods to be docu- gram is a concerted attempt to improve studies of participatory methods for plant mented, developed, and disseminated to the impact of interniational agricultural breeding and NRM research take account the program's partner organizations, and science on poor farmers by changinig the of gender issues, particularly the needs of for their costs and benefits to be assessed. very metlhods of research. Will it work? poor rural women. The emphasis is on building the capacity Can participatory research and gender All three working groups face complex of partners to use gender analysis in their analysis be "imainstreamed"? issues. For example, the plant breeding own participatorv research efforts. Train- Although such approaches to agricul- group has to determine ways to combinie ing events and technical assistance for in- tural development have been in use for farmers' indigenous knowledge and plant ternational and national research centers breeding methods with those of maini- are planned for 1998. Continued on1 pa,qe 12 CGIAR NEWS 11 New Appointment At a time of globalization and increas- tecting the Earth's heritage of natural re- Continued from Page 1 ing anonymity, true development requires sources. My new appointment offers an that identities be maintained. This can unprecedented opportunity to bring con- on cultural heritage to prevent Bank- only be achieved by empowering local vergence on a range of development top- financed investments from negatively communities, respecting diversity within ics, where the broad-based, consensual, impacting cultural heritage sites or the unity, and promoting inclusion and so- and participatory approaches to rights of indigenous peoples. cial cohesion. The Bank's intention is to decisionmaking that are a hallmark of the Under the leadership of President support the efforts of its members coun- CGIAR will be essential." Wolfensohn, the Bank has embraced cul- tries, to give voice to the voiceless, to en- In announcing Mr. Serageldin's new ture more fully as a key part of the de- gage the best in artistic expression in each appointment, Mr. Wolfensohn noted velopment process, recognizing that it society, and to truly empower local com- that "...collaborative efforts are key not was essential to move from a "do no munities, especially women. only to our own effectiveness, but to the harm" posture to one where the Bank Elaborating on the implications of his effectiveness of the entire development is proactively engaged in supporting new appointment for the work of the effort." It is a challenge that can only peoples' cultural identity through pro- CGIAR, Mr. Serageldin noted that "so be met by forging new partnerships, tection of their heritage and the pro- much of what we do at the CGIAR is pulling together an alliance of the con- motion of artistic and aesthetic expres- about partnerships, about empowering cerned, a coalition of the caring, much sion. the poor and the marginalized, and pro- like the CGIAR. Gender Staffing places that attract the best quality staff, to seek their input and support for realiz- Continued from Page 4 stimulate the fullest productivity of both ing this commitment. men and women, and harness the wealth women and men are fully and of skills, experiences, and talents that equally empowered to do their members of diverse identity groups can Deborah Merrill-Sands and Sara Scherr are the best for the world's future." contribute. Further consultations with Co-Leaders of the CGIAR Gender Staffing CGIAR members and other stakeholders Program. Bonnie McClafferty is a Consultant Participants in the consultation left with will be held at the CGIAR Mid-Term to the Program. a renewed commitment to creating work- Meeting in Brasilia, Brazil in May 1998 The Trek Upstreanm proaches really are effective. "You don't portunity to say what exactly it is they Continued from Pagell mainstream by preaching," says Ashby, need," says Ashby. "That is a reversal from "you mainstream by creating learning the classical approach to science." about two decades, embracing their phi- experiences where people do meaningful losophy on a global level will be nothing work together." Gerry Toomey is a freelance writer, edi- short of a scientific revolution. The big Clearly demonstrating that the new tor, and communications consultant. This question is whether research scientists in approaches work well will undoubtedly article was provided courtesy of CIAT For CGIAR centers and national programs promote their wider acceptance and use. more information on the CGIAR's around the world are willing and able to The ever louder appeals for research to Systemwide Program on Participatory Re- alter old habits. For Ashby the answer is respond better to farmers' needs will also search and Gender Analysis, write to: SWP clear: the best path to success is a soft play an important role. "Fundamentally, PRGA Coordination Office, CIAT, AA sell, packaged in hard scientific evidence participatory research is about account- 6713, Cali, Colombia; E-mail: ciat- that gender-sensitive participatory ap- ability-giving clients the right and op- prga@cgnet.com. 12 CGIAR NEWS MTM 1998 science. At the heart of the issue tioning of the CGIAR in the glo- Cont,inuedfrom Page 1 is the extent to which the centers bal scientific system. At MTM98, should expand and intensify their the review panel will share its ini- live plants, laboratory equipment, and use of biotechnology as a means tial findings and recommendations center Web sites and databases. to accelerate research efforts. with the CGIAR on a range of is- In keeping with the overall theme of sues, including the CGIAR's sci- MTM98, "Mobilizing Science for Global 2. Climate Change. The CGIAR will ence, strategy, governance, struc- Food Security," the CGIAR's delibera- consider the science and policy im- ture, and finance. The panel, tions will focus on four scientific aspects plications of climate change for its which has held broad consultations of the CGIAR's work-(i) biotechnology; research, in the context of the re- with CGIAR stakeholders, part- (ii) climate change; (iii) positioning the cent international agreement ners, and others, will present its CGIAR in the global scientific system; and emerging from the United Nations final report at ICW98. (iv) the practice of science at the CGIAR Framework Convention on Cli- research centers-as described below: mate Change held in Kyoto, Japan 4. The Practice of Science at the in December 1997. New tech- CGIAR Research Centers. The 1. Biotechnology. A major topic of nologies developed through re- external review panels of IRRI, discussion at the CGIAR's last two search could lessen the adverse CIMMYT, and IFPIU will present semi-annual meetings, biotechnol- impact of climate change on agri- their findings on the scientific and ogy will again top the agenda at cultural production in the tropics institutional health of these cen- MTM98. First discussed at and reduce greenhouse gas emis- ters to the CGIAR at MTM98. MTM96 in Cairo, the CGIAR sions from agricultural uses. The The Director General of ICRISAT made substantial progress in CGIARwill be briefed by Dr. Rob- will report on the center's new vi- broadeninlg the common ground ert Watson, the Chairman of the sion and strategy and the changes at International Centers Week last Intergovernmental Panel on Cli- that have been introduced since October (ICW97). In Brasilia, the mate Change (and Director of the the external review a year ago. CGIAR will consider the findings Environment Department of the and recommendations of two ex- World Bank), and will discuss ap- MTM98 promises to be a challeng- pert panels-on general issues in propriate CGIAR contributions to ing and momentous occasion. The biotechnology, and on proprietary the climate change dialogue. CGIAR will deliberate on a range of is- science and technology-and will sues vital to its scientific endeavors to- seek to achieve further consensus 3. Positioning the CGIAR in the Glo- day and into the next millennium. on a strategy that will define bal Scientific System. The third re- Equally important, the CGIAR will join CGIAR policy and guide centers view of the CGIAR system, in celebrating the achievements over the in this promising, rapidly evolving, launched at MTM97, is principally last quarter century of one of its long- and sometimes contentious area of focused on examining the posi- standing partners-Brazil. The CGIAR Salutes Embrapa At its Mid-Term Meeting in May "The CGIAR congratulates Embrapa ing, Embrapa has made excellent con- 1998 in Brasilia, Brazil, the CGIAR will for 25 years of outstanding and invalu- tributions to improving essential food join in commemorating the twenty-fifth able work on food production, environ- crops and farming practices, conserv- anniversary of its partner, the Brazilian mental protection, agroindustry, regional ing biodiversity, preserving tropical for- Agricultural Research Corporation development, and production engineer- ests, and raising the capacity of national (Embrapa). In a special ceremony, ing. Embrapa's unremitting commitment institutes, both in Brazil and through- CGIAR Chairman Ismail Serageldin will has helped bring food security to poor out the world." present a scroll to Embrapa. The text people living in Brazil's rural areas. A of the scroll follows: leader in agricultural research and train- CGIAR NEWS 13 Twenty-first Century center and system levels. The CGIAR revolution based on the collective knowl- Continued from Page 9 must ensure that donor funding decisions edge of scientists and local communities. do not inadvertently drive the research agenda, in order to protect the "agreed Conduct of the Review given the transaction costs of collabora- agenda." Also, a more efficient and ef- tive, partnership-based research and the fective approach to evaluation and impact Since the beginning of the review, the capital investments required to engage assessment must be developed, including Review Panel has greatly valued consul- substantively in, for example, biotechnol- development of review and impact assess- tation with CGIAR stakeholders. Sev- ogy. At the same time, special efforts will ment standards which are mutually ac- eral of the Panel's meetings were held at need to be made to expand the source of ceptable to both members and centers. CGIAR centers, where meaningful inter- funding. The Review Panel is reviewiing action with research and management options such as a CGIAR-linked founda- Future Role of the CGIAR staff, as well as with NARS and local orga- tion, increased membership, and limited nizations, took place. Similar meetings commercialization as potential means to The global poverty and food security are planned in the cominig months. improve financial security. situation may wvell worsen in the txventy- As it did at ICW97, the Review Panel first century. Agriculture must necessar- will interact with CGIAR constituencies Management Processes ily drive socioeconomic development in during MTM98 in Brasilia. Members of many of the world's poorest countries. the Review Panel also have met with vari- Mechanisms must be in place to ensure Given the relevance of its mission and its ous CGIAR members and cosponsors. that the CGIAR is able to perpetually re- scientific, nonpolitical character, the Earlier this spring, the Review Secretariat position itself as challenges and opportu- CGIAR is ideally situated to bring to- distributed a questionnaire concerning nities evolve. Priority setting, monitor- gether key actors in the global research CGIAR governance to groups within the ing and evaluation, and impact assessment community and foster a technological CGIAR system, including centers, mem- processes must be effective at both the empowerment of the poor through a skill bers, cosponsors, and committees. Consultative Process The Review Panel is consulting widely with CGIAR stakeholders, partners, and members of civil society. Meetings have been held recently in the Netherlands, Mexico, Italy, and the United States. Two more such meetings are upcoming, in Kenya and the Philippines, respectively. Details follow: Meeting Location Date Consultations The Hague, Netherlands January 1998 ISNAR, ICRA (International Course for Development-oriented Research in Agriculture), Dutch Government, NARS, Wageningen University Mexico City, Mexico March 1998 CIMMYT, NARS, NGOs, Private Sector, ARIs, Mexican Government Rome, Italy April 1998 IPGRI, IFAD, FAO New York, United States April 1998 World Bank, UNDP, IDB, Ford Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, United States Government, Canadian Government Nairobi, Kenya July 1998 ICRAF, ILRI, UNEP, ICIPE (International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology), NARS, NGOs, Private Sector, Farmers, Kenyan Government Los Bafios, Philippines July 1998 IRRI, ICLARM, ADB, NARS, NGOs, Private Sector, Farmers, Philippine Government Panel Member-Center June-August 1998 CIP, CIAT; CIFOR, IIMI; IITA, WARDA; Consultations ICRISAT, ICARDA; IFPRI Continued on page 15 14 CGIAIR NEWS Reader's Survey We are in the process of revising CGIAR News and would like to know how we can improve the newsletter to better suit your needs. Please take a few minutes to fill out the following survey- we would greatly appreciate hearing from you. Because this issue of the newsletter is slightly different from past ones, we would appreciate you taking into account all issues, both past and present, when you answer the questions. Thank you. 1. How much of CGIAR News 4. Do you prefer 8, 12, or 16 7. How could we improve do you read? page newsletters? CGIAR News to better suit your needs? (check all that apply) O none O glance over it 0 8 pages O half of it O read one article 0 12 pages O less technical writing O read it cover to cover 0i 16 pages 0 more graphics O more applicable research O more announcements 2. How would you describe the 5. How do you rate CGIAR 0 other . newsletter? (check one from each News layout compared with other .................................................... pair) newsletters? O informative 0 too technical O excellent O fair O redundant 0 easy to read O good 0 poor O attractive 0 too detailed 8. What subjects would you like O dull to look at 0 too brief to see covered in future newslet- 6. In what way is CGIAR News ters? (please use the back of this O difficult to read useful? form if necessary) O reader friendly O as a source of specialized ............................ information LI to keep up with scientific 3. What do you do with back breakthroughs .................................................... issues CGIAR News after you O to learn about systemwide receive them? (check all that CGIAR concerns.. . apply) 0 to keep updated on CGIAR ............................................... activities O save them O to receive the Chairman's .................... O discard them messages O pass them on to others LI use inform ation for speeches .................................................... or articles Please fax to: (1-202) 473-8110, or mail to: CGIARSecretariat, 1818 H Street, NW. Room J 4-063, Washington, DC 20433, USA May 1998 Twenty-first Century (http://cgreview.worldbank.org). The Mr. Mahendra Shah can be contacted at the Continued from Page 14 Review Panel and its Secretariat continue CGIAR System Revienw Secretariat, 1818 H to place hiigh priority on input from Street, NW, Room H2-135, Washington, DC In an effort to facilitate information CGIARstakeholders and partners. Com- 20433, USA, telephone: (1-202) 473-0551,fax: exchange and transparency of the review ments, questions, and suggestions are en- (1-202) 522-2410; e-mail: cgreview@aol.com. process, the Review Secretariat main- couraged, and may be directed to the tains a publicly accessible Web site Review Secretariat. Composition of the System Review Team System Review Chair: Specialist Panel on Specialist Panel on Science and Strategy: Governance, Structure, and Finance: Maurice Strong (Canada) Bruce Alberts, Co-Chair Emil Salim, Co-Chair System Review Panel: M. S. Swaminathan, Co-Chair Whitney MacMillan, Co-Chair Bruce Alberts (United States) Gelia Castillo (Philippines) Graham Blight (Australia) Kenzo Hemmi (Japan) Bernard Chevassus-au-Louis (France) Mayra Buvinic (Chile) Yolanda Kakabadse (Ecuador) Jacqueline McGlade (United Kingdom) Mohamned El-Ashry (Egypt) Klaus Leisinger (Germany) Pat Mooney (Canada) Antonio Quizon (Philippines) Whitney MacMillan (United States) Francesco Salamini/Jozef Schell Secretariat: Bongiwe Njobe-Mbuli (South Africa) (Belgium) Mahendra Shah, Executive Secretary Emil Salim (Indonesia) Ren Wang (China) (United Kingdom) M. S. Swaminathan (India) Bo Bengtsson (Sweden) Michel Griffon (France) Vo-Tong Xuan (Vietnam) Reader's Survey We encourageyou to take afew moments to complete and return the enclosed Reader's Survey. Your responses will help us to ensure that this newsletter meets your expectations and needs. We thank you in advance for your time and valuableftedback. Please return the Reader's Survey to the CGIAR Secretariat. CGIAR NEWS 15 The CGIARI CGIAR CHAIRMAN CGIAR CENTERS Ismail Serageldin CIAT-Centro Internacional de * IFP'RI-Internatiooial Food Policy COSPONSORS Agricultura Tropical Research Institute Apartado Aereo 6713 1200 17th Street, NW Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Tel. (57)2-4450-000 Washington, D.C 20036-3006 USA United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Fax (57)2-4450-273 Fax (1)202-467-4439 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) http://www.ciat.cgiar.org http://www.cgiar.org/ifpri The World Bank * CIFOR-Center for International * IIMI-International Irrigation Forestry Research Mamiagement Institute MEMBERS P.O. Box 6596 P.O. Box 2075 JKPWB Jakarta 10065, Indlonesia Colombo, Sri Lanka Countries Tel. (62)251-622-622 Tel. (94)1-867404 or 869080 Fax (62)251-622-100 Fax (94)1-866854 Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, http://www.cgiar.org/cifor http:Ilwww.egiar.orgghimi Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, * CIMMYT-Centro Internacional de * IITA- International Institute of Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo Tropical Agriculture Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Lisboa 27, P.O. Box 6-641 PMB 5320 Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Tel. (52)5-726-90-91 Tel. (234)2-2412626 South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, United Fax (52)595-54425 Fax (234)2-2412221 Kingdom, United States of America. http://www.cimmyt.mx and 871-1454325 via INMARSAT Satellite Foundations * CIP-Centro Internacional de la Papa http://www.cgiar.org/iita Foundations Apartatlo 5969 Lima, Peru *ILRI-International Livestock Ford Foundation, Kellogg Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation. Tel. (51)1-349-6017 Research Institute Fax (51)1-349-5638 P.O. Box 30709 International and Regional Organizations http://www.cgiar.org/cip Nairobi, Kenya Tel. (254-2)630743 African Development Bank, Arab Fund for Economic and Social K ICARDA-Iinternational Center for Fax (254-2)631499 Development, Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Agricultural Research in Dry Areas http://www.cgiar.org/ilri Commision,Food nd Agicultre Oranizaion o the nitedP.O. Box 5466 Commission, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic * IPGRI-International Plant Genetic Nations (FAO), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Tel. (963)21-225012 or 213433 Resources Institute International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Fax (963)21-225105 or 213490 Via delle Sette Chiese 142 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Opec http://www.cgiar.org/icarda 00145 Rome, Italy Tel. (39)6-518921 Fund for International Development, United Nations Development * ICLARM-International Center for Fax (39)6-575-0309 Programme (UNDP), United Nations Environment Programme Living Aquatic Resources http://www.cgiar.org/ipgri (UNEP), World Bank. Management MC P.O. Box 2631, . IRRI-International Rice Research Makati Central Post Office Institute Regional Representatives 0718 Makati, Metro Manila, P.O. Box 933 Africa: Burkina Faso and Zimbabwe TePhilippines Manila, Philippines Africa: Burkina Faso and Zimbabwe ~~~Tel. (63)2-812-8641 to 47 Tel. (63)2-845-0563 or 845-0569 Asia and the Pacific: Malaysia and Nepal Fax (63)2-816-3183 Fax (63)2-891-1292 Europe: Estonia and Slovenia http://www.cgiar.org/iclarm http://www.cgiar.org/irri Latin America and the Caribbean: Nicaragua and Paraguay * ICRAF-International Centre for * ISNAR-International Service for Middle East and North Africa: Egypt and Syria Research in Agroforestry National Agricultural Research United Nations Avenue P.O. Box 93375 P.O. Box 30677 2509 AJ The Hague, Nairobi, Kenya The Netherlands Tel. (254)2-521450 Tel. (31)70-3496100 Fax (254)2-521001 Fax (31)70-3819677 http://www.cgiar.org/icraf http://www.cgiar.org/isnar * ICRISAT-International Crops . WARDA-West Africa Rice Research Institute for the Development Association Semi-Arid Tropics 01 B.l. 2551 Patancheru P.O. Bouake 01, COlte d'lvoire Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India Tel. (225) 634514 Tel. (91)40-596161 Fax (225) 634714 Fax (91)40-241239 http://www.cgiar.org/warda http://www.egiar.org/icrisat Dear Reader, 40 Please include CGIAR Secretariat If you (or a colleague) would be CGIARlSecretariat interested in receiving CGIAR Name:. News and wish to be included 1818 H Street, NW on our mailing list, please enter Title: .Washington, DC 20433 the name and address on the I coupon below and send it to us I by mail or fax. Address: .USA................................................ . USA (CGIAR Secretariat, FA X 1-202-473 8110) ................................................................... ................ 16 CGIAR NEWS Printed on recycled paper