RP1459 v6 DIRECTORATE FOR ROADS OF VIETNAM PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT 3 ================= VIETNAM ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Prepared by: HA NOI BRANCH OF INVESTMENT AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION CONSULTATION COMPANY E.P.C Office: Plot 6, Block 2, Collective zone of economic police bureau, Xuan La ward, Tay Ho district, Ha Noi Phone: (84).46.673.5808 - (84).43.748.0373 Email: hanoiepc@gmail.com DIRECTORATE FOR ROADS OF VIETNAM PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT 3 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT VIET NAM ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT (VRAMP) COMPONENT C: ROAD ASSET IMPROVEMENT THE CLIENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT 3 THE CONSULTANT Hanoi, June - 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 11 1.1. The Project ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2. Aims and Objectives of the Social Impact Assessment ............................................................................ 16 1.3. Scope and Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 17 2. SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS ......................................................................................... 20 2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2. General socioeconomic conditions of Viet Nam and status in the first 4 months of 2013 and of the project provinces. ................................................................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1. Socio-economics situation of Vietnam in four beginning months of 2013 .......................................... 29 2.2.2. The project Provinces ................................................................................................................................. 34 a) Thai Binh Province ....................................................................................................................................... 35 b) Hung Yen Province ....................................................................................................................................... 42 c) Hai Duong Province...................................................................................................................................... 46 2.3. Household Socioeconomic survey .............................................................................................................. 50 3. Stakeholder and Institutional Analysis ....................................................................................... 50 3.1. Identification of Key Stakeholders .............................................................................................................. 50 3.2. Assessment of Interests and Influence of Stakeholders............................................................................. 52 4. CONSULTATION WITH AND PARTICIPATION OF STAKEHOLDERS ............................ 56 5. PROJECT IMPACTS AND ISSUES ......................................................................................... 59 5.1. Expected Impacts Due to Land Acquisition ............................................................................................... 59 5.1.1. Section Trieu Duong – Hung Ha ........................................................................................................ 59 5.1.2. Section Vo Hoi – Diem Dien .............................................................................................................. 63 5.1.3. Section Quan Goi – Yen Lenh ............................................................................................................ 67 5.1.4. Section 4 bridges on NH 38B.............................................................................................................. 73 5.2. Project Risks .................................................................................................................................................. 76 5.2.1. Negative Impacts on Project Area‘s Economic Activity.................................................................. 76 5.2.2. Gender.................................................................................................................................................... 76 1 5.2.3. Impacts on Vulnerable Groups............................................................................................................ 77 5.3. Other Project Risks ........................................................................................................................................ 77 6. HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Drug Abuse, and Human Trafficking .. 78 7. Traffic Accidents ........................................................................................................................ 79 8. Dust and Noise Pollution............................................................................................................ 79 9. Potential Temporary Impacts ..................................................................................................... 79 10. Perceived Impact and Desired Mitigation Measures by Stakeholders and Community Participation ....................................................................................................................................... 79 11. Perceived Overall Impact of Project .......................................................................................... 80 12. Recommendations Mitigation Measures .................................................................................... 81 13. Implementation Arrangements ................................................................................................... 97 14. Budgeting ................................................................................................................................... 99 15. Monitoring and Evaluation....................................................................................................... 100 2 List of tables Table 1: The Province, Districts and Communes in a section Trieu Duong – Hung Ha ................... 14 Table 2: The Province, Districts and Communes in a section Vo Hoi – Diem Dien ........................ 15 Table 3: The Provinces, Districts and Communes in a section Quan Goi – Yen Lenh bridge ......... 15 Table 4: Indicators of statistic for Vietnam ....................................................................................... 22 Table 5: Key information about socioeconomic conditions in 2011 ................................................. 34 Table 6: Number of people with HIV/AIDS and died by HIV/AIDS ............................................... 35 Table 7: Growth of the population in Thai Binh province ................................................................ 36 Table 8: Natural area, population and population density by district ................................................ 36 Table 9: Turnover of transport, loading in Thai Binh province ........................................................ 36 Table 10: Volume of passengers carried ........................................................................................... 37 Table 11: Health establishments, beds and staffs by state management ........................................... 38 Table 12: Number of pair used contraceptive method by ural, rural and by kind of method ........... 39 Table 13: Number of pair used contraceptive method by district ..................................................... 39 Table 14: Number of pair having third baby by district .................................................................... 39 Table 15: Number of schools, teachers, students .............................................................................. 40 Table 16: Natural area, population and population density by district .............................................. 42 Table 17: Traffic accident in Hung Yen ............................................................................................ 42 Table 18: Volumn of passengers carried ........................................................................................... 43 Table 19: Volume of freight .............................................................................................................. 43 Table 20: Results of the healthcare.................................................................................................... 44 Table 21: Number of pair used contraceptive method by district ..................................................... 45 Table 22: Number of drug addicts, HIV-infected and death by AIDS people .................................. 45 Table 23: Natural area, population and population density by district .............................................. 47 Table 24: Some main indicators of transport‘s outcome ................................................................... 47 Table 25: Traffic accidents ................................................................................................................ 48 Table 26: General education by grade ............................................................................................... 49 Table 27: Assessment of Interests and Influence of Stakeholders .................................................... 52 Table 28: The public land and public works would be affected by the project ................................. 59 Table 29: The public land and public works would be affected by the project ................................. 63 Table 30: The public land and public works would be affected by the project ................................. 67 Table 31: The public land and public works would be affected by the project ................................. 74 Table 32: Potential adverse Impacts .................................................................................................. 81 Table 33: Implementation for Main Proposed Mitigation Program .................................................. 98 Table 34: Implementation Schedule .................................................................................................. 99 Table 35: Estimated Budget for Proposed Mitigation Program (USD)............................................. 99 Table 36: Monitoring and Evaluation of Socio-economic Profile .................................................. 103 Table 37: Monitoring and Evaluation of Socio-economic Data ...................................................... 107 Figures Figure 1: Location of Project ............................................................................................................. 12 Figure 2: Map of the section Trieu Duong – Hung Ha...................................................................... 13 Figure 3: Map of the section Vo Hoi – Diem Dien ........................................................................... 13 Figure 4: Map of the section Quan Goi – Yen Lenh ......................................................................... 14 Figure 5: Some photos about public consultation and participation ............................................... 244 Figure 6: Some photos about public consultation and participation ............................................... 256 Figure 7: Some photos about public consultation and participation ............................................... 283 3 Annexes Annex 1: The questionnaire for social and economic survey of affected assets ............................. 109 Annex 2: Results of SES from the project affected households ...................................................... 119 Annex 3: Project Information Booklet (PIB) .................................................................................. 228 Annex 4: Results of consultation ..................................................................................................... 232 Annex 5: DETAILED IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON EIA AND EMP.......................................... 284 4 List of Acronyms CEMMA Committee for Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas CPC Commune People‘s Committee DPI Department of Planning and Investment DOLISA Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs DOST Department of Science and Technology DONRE Department of Natural Resource and Environment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EM Ethnic Minority EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan GOV Government of Vietnam GSO General Statistical Office Ha Hectare HERP Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction Program MOLISA Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment MOT Ministry of Transport NCFAW National Committee for the Advancement of Women NGO Non-Governmental Organization OP Operational Policy PDOT Provincial Department of Transport PMU3 Project Management Unit 3 PPC Provincial People‘s Committee PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal RP Resettlement Plan SIA Social Impact Assessment VND Vietnamese Duong VOC Vehicle Operating Cost WB World Bank WU Women‘s Union SPA Statistical Publishing House STD Sexually Transmitted Disease VASI Vietnam Agricultural Sciences Institute VLSS Vietnam Living Standards Survey VMC Village Management/Maintenance Committee 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The Project and Social Impact Assessment The Government of Vietnam expects to have a credit from the World Bank for the implementation of Viet Nam Road Asset Project (VRAMP). The purposes of the project is to establish a financial basis, sustainable institutional arrangements in order to manage and upgrade the road system, develop for the economy in the North and Central regions of Viet Nam. The project would be implemented in Thai Binh, Hai Duong and Hung Yen Provinces and include of four components: 1. Component A: Road Asset Management This component aims to setting-up of the road database framework, development of comprehensive road asset management system. 2. Component B: Road Asset Preservation. The Project will finance for the road preservation program including NH 2, NH 5, NH 6, NH 18, and NH 48 with diversified contract forms including Traditional maintenance Contracts, Performance-based maintenance Contracts. Some Performance-based maintenance Contracts have been implemented in the Road Network Improvement Project (VRAMP). The project also finance for completion of PBC legal framework and comparing the effectiveness of maintenance methods. 3. Component C: Road Asset Improvement The project will finance the improvement of some key national highways in the north including NH38, NH39, NH39-1 and 04 bridges of over 25m on NH38B those have already been in the investment list under VRAMP but have not been implemented due to a shortage of funds. Comprehensive investment on these bridges will help to increase the effectiveness of routes that have been upgraded through VRAMP. 4. Component D: Institutional Strengthening Program. Component D will finance the necessary technical assistances for the reforms and renovation of human resource for DRVN, Implementation of Road Fund, and Development of standard drawings on infrastructure facilities. This component also includes audit services for the project. In which, the component C- Road Asset Improvement would require land acquisition for the project construction, other components would not require land acquisition. The project will finance for maintaining the national roads no. 2, no.5, no.6, no. 18 and no.48; upgrading for the national roads no. 38, no.39, no 39-1 and four bridges with the length of about 25 km of the road no. 38 B. 6 An initial social impact assessment (SIA) is required for a development project and should be undertaken as early stage in the project cycle. The main purpose of SIA is to help individuals, communities, as well as government authorities understand and to be able to anticipate the potential social consequences on human populations and communities of project developments. The SIA for the project using different social methods in gathering data and information, the SIA report provided an overview of the socio-economic information in the project provinces, districts and communes. The SIA describes about the processes of analysing, effort of minimizing the socially adverse impacts, process and mechanisms of consultation and participation of stakeholders as well as monitoring and managing the mitigation measures. Furthermore, the SIA report also develops the institutional arrangement including the involvement of local NGOs such as Women Union, Fatherland Front, etc. 2. The potentially social impacts The potential social impacts by the project would include of: - Land acquisition for the project and involuntary resettlement. Details on land acquisition impacts and resettlement are prepared in the project Resettlement Plans - Other potential social impacts would be from the project construction activities such as safety issues, dust and noise impacts, and disease transfer by concentration for workers for the project construction. Potential negative impacts would be in phase of the project operations such as accidence. - Positive impacts after the roads are improved such as for better economic development, better transport conditions etc. The potentially environmental impacts by the project in a construction phase and operational phase are described in the project Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). 3. Mitigation measures for the socially adverse impacts The potentially adverse impacts by the project are identified through land acquisition and resettlement plan, Environmental Impact Assessment. The potential impacts and mitigation measures are proposed as well as the monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of RPs and EMP are based on the public consultation with and participation of stakeholders from the different levels of society, especially from the provincial to the community levels. The mitigation measures for the social and environmental impacts are studied and planed for phases of the project preparation, construction and operation. The mitigation measures would be minimization of land acquisition and resettlement, if land acquisition and resettlement are unavoidable, a livelihood restoration/ improvement plans would be developed in order to make sure that the project affected persons would not be worse off at least or otherwise would be improved with their living standards compared to before displacement; the potentially environmental impacts 7 are also described in EIA and with the implement an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the impacts through the construction and operation phases. The EIA and EMP were developed with the participation and consultation process, monitoring and evaluation as well as mechanism for complaint and grievances. The project applied the following indicators for the route analysis and selection: Design of the route was the first study on the route map of the project and site survey to make sure that the project route will be minimized for the socially and environmentally adverse impacts and especially minimize impacts resettlement to the individual households and to the collectives and republic works. The project will have with less because the route will be mainly followed with the existing road. The route selection is based on the considerations on the social, economy and environmental aspects and ranked with the points as below: (a) With social considerations Points Social impacts 0 Very high 1 2 High 3 4 5 Medium 6 7 Low 8 9 Very low 10 The point ranking for the social impacts would be based on the cost for the measures related to social impacts 8 (b) With environmental considerations Environmental Points Risks 0 Very high 1 2 High 3 4 5 Medium 6 7 Low 8 9 Very low 10 The distributions of points to each aspect to be considered for the feasible routes is as below. Aspect Distribution of points Economic 50 % Social 30 % Environment 20 % Total 100 % With these indicators it was proposed with the project that to upgrade mainly based on the existing road with the road type III and combined with a by pass to avoid passing through the density population areas. The earth works and concrete works would be with reasonable scale. 4. Consultation and participation According to World Bank guidelines/Policies (OPs on Environment and Social safeguards) and the Laws, Decrees, Circulars of the GOV related to Social and Environmental Impacts, the Project Affected People and other stakeholders need to be adequately informed and consulted to enable their active participation in the planning and implementation of RP, EIA, EMP etc. The project stakeholders will participate throughout the various stages of the planning and implementation of the socioeconomic survey, inventory of losses, the detailed measurement survey and preparing of resettlement plan as well as EIA and SIA. The consultation and participation of stakeholders in order to make sure that the potentially adverse impacts are identified and the feasible mitigation measures are proposed as well as a right institutional arrangement is developed to make sure that the SIA and other plans for the project will be implemented smoothly. 5. Monitoring and evaluation 9 The Social Mitigation Plans, Resettlement Plan and EMP implementation will include both internal and external monitoring and evaluation. The PMU3 and the local authorities at all levels are responsible for the internal monitoring and supervision of the Social Mitigation Measures, RP and EMP. The findings of the internal supervision and monitoring will be recorded in a quarterly report to be submitted to the relevant Agencies of GOV and the World Bank. Internal monitoring and supervision will include: verification of baseline information; overseeing that RP, EMP and Social Impact Mitigation Measures are implemented; verification that funds are dispersed; and record grievances and their resolution. An independent agency has been retained to carry out external monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of Social Mitigation Measures. Independent monitoring and evaluation involves verification of the internal supervision and monitoring quarterly reports. 6. Schedule and Budget The total cost is estimated for SIA and mitigation plan is about 240,000 USD. The SIA preparing and implementation is scheduled as below. (i). First Draft SIA: March, 2013 (ii). First draft SIA reviewed by the World Bank, MOT, PMU3 and Provincial authorities: April, 2013 (iii) Revised SIA based on the comments of the World Bank, MOT, PMU3 and Local authorities: May 2013 (iv). Approvals for SIA: June to July, 2013. (v). Mobilization and Implementation of SIA: From October, 2013. 10 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. The Project The Government of Vietnam expects to have a credit from the World Bank for the implementation of Viet Nam Road Asset Project (VRAMP). The purposes of the project is to establish a financial basis, sustainable institutional arrangements in order to manage and upgrade the road system, develop for the economy in the North and Central regions of Viet Nam. The project would be implemented in Thai Binh, Hai Duong and Hung Yen Provinces and include of four components: 1. Component A: Road Asset Management This component aims to setting-up of the road database framework, development of comprehensive road asset management system. 2. Component B: Road Asset Preservation. The Project will finance for the road preservation program including NH 2, NH 5, NH 6, NH 18, and NH 48 with diversified contract forms including Traditional maintenance Contracts, Performance-based maintenance Contracts. Some Performance-based maintenance Contracts have been implemented in the Road Network Improvement Project (VRAMP). The project also finance for completion of PBC legal framework and comparing the effectiveness of maintenance methods. 3. Component C: Road Asset Improvement The project will finance the improvement of some key national highways in the north including NH38, NH39, NH39-1 and 04 bridges of over 25m on NH38B those have already been in the investment list under VRAMP but have not been implemented due to a shortage of funds. Comprehensive investment on these bridges will help to increase the effectiveness of routes that have been upgraded through VRAMP. 4. Component D: Institutional Strengthening Program. Component D will finance the necessary technical assistances for the reforms and renovation of human resource for DRVN, Implementation of Road Fund, and Development of standard drawings on infrastructure facilities. This component also includes audit services for the project. In which the component C would require land acquisition for the project construction, other components would not require land acquisition. The project will finance for maintaining the national roads no. 2, no.5, no.6, no. 18 and no.48; upgrading for the national roads no. 38, no.39, no 39-1 and four bridges with the length of about 25 km of the road no. 38 B. Maps of project routes is shown as figure 1 to figure 4 below. 11 Figure 1: Location of Project 12 Figure 2: Map of the section Trieu Duong – Hung Ha Figure 3: Map of the section Vo Hoi – Diem Dien 13 Figure 4: Map of the section Quan Goi – Yen Lenh The names of the communes, districts and provinces which the project would be developed as described as in table 1, 2, 3 below. Table 1: The Province, Districts and Communes in a section Trieu Duong – Hung Ha Dist- Province/ Distance in # Commune Ance ROW Area (W=m) Note District Commune (m) I Hung Yen 1. Thien Phien Roads and I.1 Tien Lu 42+628-43+300 672 Bridge II Thai Binh 2. Tan Le Roads and II.1 Hung Ha 43+950-45+200 1,200 16.5 Bridge 3. Hung Nhan Roads and town 45+200-48+000 2,800 18.0; 16.5 and 14.5 intersections 4. Tan Hoa 48+000-48+300 300 16.5 Roads 5. Lien Hiep Roads and 48+300-53+000 4,700 16.5 intersections 6. Phuc Khanh 53+000-54+700 1,700 16.5 Roads 7. Thai Phuong 54+700-55+600 900 16.5 Roads 14 Dist- Province/ Distance in # Commune Ance ROW Area (W=m) Note District Commune (m) 8. Hung Ha town 55+600-58+600 3,000 16.5 and 18.0 Roads 9. Minh Khai 58+600-60+500 1,900 16.5 and 18.0 Roads 10. Hong Linh 60+500-62+800 2,300 16.5 and 18.0 Roads II.2 Dong Hung 11. Minh Tan 62+800-64+000 1,200 16.5 Roads Table 2: The Province, Districts and Communes in a section Vo Hoi – Diem Dien Distance Province District Commune Distance in Commune Note (m) I. Dong Hung 1.Dong Phong ―Go‖ Bridge 2. Dong Kinh 91+100-91+700 600 Roads Left 3. Dong Tan 91+000-93+553 1953 Roads Right II. Thai Thuy 1. Thai Giang 93+553-95+800 2,247 Roads 2. Thai Son 95+800-97+000 1,200 Roads Thai Binh Roads and 3. Thai Duong 97+000-100+000 3,000 intersections 4. Thai Thuy 100+000-101+400 1,400 Roads and bridge 5. Thuy Lien 101+400-105+698 4,298 Roads and bridge 6. Thuy Ha 105+698-107+400 1,702 Roads Roads and 7. Diem Dien town 107+400-107+522 122 intersections Table 3: The Provinces, Districts and Communes in a section Quan Goi – Yen Lenh bridge Distance in Distance Province District Commune Note Commune (m) I. NH 38 Roads and 1. Hung Yen 1. My Hao 1. Minh Duc 00+000-00+080 80 intersections 2. Hai Duong 1. Binh Giang 1. Hung Thinh 00+080-00+520 440 Roads 2. Vinh Tuy 00+520-01+840 1,320 Roads 3. Vinh Hong 01+840-02+600 760 Roads 4. Trang Liet 02+600-03+840 1,240 Roads Roads and 5. Thuc Khang 03+840-04+400 560 intersections, 15 Distance in Distance Province District Commune Note Commune (m) bridge 3. Hung Yen 1. An Thi 1. Phu Ung 04+400-07+901 3,301 Roads and bridge 2. Bai Say 07+901-10+101 1,900 Roads 3. Tan Phuc 10+101-13+101 2,000 Roads 4. Quang Vinh 13+101-15+301 2,200 Roads and bridge 5. Hoang Hoa Tham 15+301-15+401 100 Roads and bridge Roads and 6. An Thi Town 15+401-17+771 2,370 intersections, bridge 7. Quang Lang 17+771-20+171 2,400 Roads 2. Kim Dong 1. Nghia Dan 20+171-21+371 1,200 Roads and bridge Roads and 2. Toan Thang 21+371-24+771 400 intersections, bridge II. NH 38B Trang Thua 1. Hai Duong 1. Gia Loc 1. Doan Thuong 16+300-17+515 1,215 bridge Trang Thua 2. Dong Quang 17+515-18+600 1,085 bridge 2. Thanh Mien 1. Thanh Mien Town 22+300-23+337 1,037 Cong Neo bridge 2. Tu Cuong 23+337-25+640 2,303 Cong Neo bridge 3. Cao Thang 29+650-29+860 210 Trang bridge 2. Hung Yen 1. Phu Cu 1. Quang Hung 29+860-30+150 290 Trang bridge 2. Doan Dao 35+860-36+200 340 Cap bridge 1.2. Aims and Objectives of the Social Impact Assessment Social Impact Assessment (SIA) will provide an integrated framework for incorporating participation and social analysis into the Bank's operational and analytical work. There are many social variables that could potentially social impact by the project both positive and negative ways. Therefore, the SIA needs to be selective and strategic and focus on issues of operational relevance. Deciding what issues are critical and how they can be addressed requires consultation with stakeholders and other forms of information collection and analysis. Gender, ethnicity, social impacts, and institutional capacity are among the social factors that need to be taken into account in development operations. Social Impact Assessment developed by the World Bank's Social Policy Thematic Team and provides a comprehensive, participatory framework for deciding what issues have priority for attention and how operationally useful information can be gathered and used. The steps in this SIA are consistent with World Bank procedures and existing operational directives/policies. 16 The Social Impact Assessments are carried out in a project context, including of the following: - Identify key stakeholders and establish an appropriate framework for their participation in the project selection, design, and implementation. - Highlight the potential impact of the project (through construction and operations) on the prevailing social conditions along the proposed project corridor, with particular reference to poverty, gender, and other socio-economic conditions. - Establishing a participatory process by ensuring that project objectives and incentives for change are acceptable to the range of people intended to benefit and that gender and other social differences are reflected in the project design. 1.3. Scope and Methodology In order to understand the socioeconomic conditions of the project area, a Social Impact Assessment (SIA) was conducted along the proposed route of the project. This SIA provides an overview of the information collected on socio-economic conditions in the Province, Districts, interview a sample of the project affected people, the project affected communities (who would be affected on land acquisition for the project and would be affected by other activities related to the project construction and operations. The survey identifies the potential social impacts and proposes feasible mitigation measures to make the project as a sustainable development. The SIA prepared based on the consultation with participation of stakeholders to get their feedback related all aspects of the project development. The SIA is also linked to the EIA and RP of the project to have a broad picture of the project potentially impacts on social area. The SIA proposes with an institutional arrangement to make sure that the mitigation measures for the social adverse impacts will be effectively implemented and in a timely manner. For ensuring an iterative and interactive process of information gathering, and developing recommendations for the implementation plan this Social Impact Assessment used with the following steps: - Data Gathering: Gathering of information focused primarily on issues of operational relevance and was undertaken with as much local participation as possible. - Identification of Stakeholder Groups: Key stakeholder groups were identified based on the view of Project information and goal, as well as available secondary sources. - Identification of Social Factors: Operationally relevant social issues were defined that may affect project delivery and outcomes by listening to affected groups, social experts, and government officials, leaders of local authorities; local NGOs who have knowledge of the larger socio-cultural, political, and economic context that can affect project design and implementation. 17 - Stakeholder Analysis: The Social Impact Assessment analyzes the relevant stakeholder groups, their interests, influence, and power, and how they were affected by the project. - Data Analysis and an Assessment of Priorities: The data analysis focused on answering operational questions and gathering action-oriented recommendations. - Stakeholder Consultations – The fieldwork for the SIA served as an opportunity to conduct consultation with stakeholders during January to April-2013. In particular, with the local communities that would be affected by the Project. This will ensure that conclusions and recommendations are appropriate and that enough time and resources will be allotted to the results of the SIA and their implications. - Development of Mitigation and Poverty Reduction Plans: The data analysis provided a set of recommendations which focused on the prevention and mitigation of adverse impacts. In fulfilling the above requirements, the consultant used the tools and methods that provide the essential information to support for the analysis. These include of: ï‚· Socio-economic Survey (through IOL for the RP and collecting relevant information the Project Provinces, District etc.) ï‚· Meetings/Interviews with Stakeholders on other aspects need for the SIA ï‚· Focus Group Discussion 1. Socioeconomic Review The resources including: ï‚· Documents supplied by public organizations (from different levels centre to local organization, such as: General Statistics Office, Provincial, District and Communal documents, reports, etc.) ï‚· Documents provided by private or non-government organizations. ï‚· Documents collected by previous studies on the same study site. ï‚· Data and Documents from Websites of the Government and others. 2. Surveys - Socioeconomic Household, Vehicle Operator, and Passenger Surveys The SIA survey team carried out surveys and collected data on samples of the households and people in the project area. The surveys were conducted in the districts along the alignment of the project route. Each type of survey provides information critical to performing SIA and to providing ideas about the best development strategies and mitigation measures for potentially adverse impacts. Specifically, the Socioeconomic Household Survey provides detailed data on the households that are potentially affected by the proposed Project, including their demographic composition, education status, and income levels and sources (The sample questionnaire is presented in Annex 1). This survey, together with focus group discussions and discussions with the commune - and village-levels. 18 3. Meetings/Interviews with Stakeholders The SIA survey team conducted meetings/key informant interviews at various administrative levels in each province. Those interviewed included the officials of PCs at the provincial, district, and commune levels, and leaders at the villages. The key informant interviews serve multiple purposes. A key feature is that by engaging the potential beneficiaries, the survey team found how much the informants support the Project and what concerns they have about the Project. Next, the interviews show the relative importance of other concerns held by the beneficiaries. The interviews also provide an efficient way to gather basic socioeconomic information on the provinces, and selected districts, communes, and villages. The information gathered through key informant interviews included: population; number of households and average household size; ethnic distribution; availability of public transport; availability of, and average distance to, primary social facilities such as schools, health facilities, and centers of economic activities, and access to electricity and running water; major economic activities and main income sources; average income; and the educational status of the population. 4. Focus Group Discussions The survey team conducted focus group discussions in communes and villages in order to assess: the villagers' perceptions on poverty; economic and living status of village population; major income sources and expenditure items; the degree of the control on the market and people‘s lives exercised by the government; major issues of concern; and potential impact of project on the economic and social development of the village; the priorities for development and poverty reduction from villagers‘ perspective; and villagers‘ willingness to support the Project. There were 3 types of participants in FDGs, included small business households, female- headed households, and those households that will be affected by land acquisition. The villagers were very willing to participate in discussions, and the proposed project received with the positive feedback from people. Detailed results obtained from these discussions are provided later in this report. The PRA was used for consultation with local people to learn about their priorities and perspectives on the project. The importance of PRAs lies in their capability of serving as an effective means of facilitating shared decision making and empowerment of communities, and contributing to an equal distribution of the project‘s benefits among the most-needy. The PRA included informal interviews of sample population and beneficiary groups and focus group discussions. The PRA helped in the identification of stakeholders and strengthening of local organizations, which took over a good deal of the responsibility for implementation and monitoring of community-level activities. The results were used for the sections headed Socio-economic Baseline Data and Stakeholder Analysis. 19 2. SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS 2.1. Introduction 2.1.1. Objectives of the Socio-economic Baseline Profile This chapter assesses the macro-level socioeconomic profile of the population in the Improvement Project delineations concentrating on: ï‚· Demographic Organization ï‚· Economic and Social Organization ï‚· Social Infrastructure This section includes the baseline profile on the affected communities and beneficiary population of the selected road components to be used for the future evaluation of the Improvement Project to determine whether the program‘s objectives have been achieved. This baseline data will also be used for monitoring of Improvement Project implementation activities and social changes that the project may have caused. The information gathered here originated from secondary source, as well as from 1st hand field observation and informal interviews. 2.1.2. Delineation of Study Area Overall demographic statistics for Vietnam can be summarized as: Population: 87,840,000 pers (2011 est.) Age structure: - 0-14 years: 24% - 15-64 years: 69% - 65 years and over: 7% (2011 est.) Population growth rate: 9.7‰ (2011 est.) Birth rate: 16.6 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) Death rate: 6.9 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.) Sex ratio: 97.9 males/100 females (2011 est.) Infant mortality rate: 15.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.) Life expectancy at birth: - male: 72.9 years - female: 76.8 years (2010 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.00 children born/woman (2010 est.) Religions: Buddhist, Taoist, Roman Catholic, indigenous beliefs, Muslim, Protestant, 20 Cao Dai, Hoa Hao Languages: Vietnamese (official), Chinese, English, French, Khmer, tribal languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) Literacy: - definition: age 15 and over can read and write - total population: 92.5% (2008 est.) 2.2. General socioeconomic conditions of Viet Nam and status in the first 4 months of 2013 and of the project provinces. 21 Table 4: Indicators of statistic for Vietnam # Indicator Name 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1 Agricultural land (sq. km) 100,626 102,408 102,920 107,680 108,420 2 Arable land (hectares) 6,309,600 6,282,500 6,300,000 6,437,000 6,500,000 Arable land (hectares per 3 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 person) Land under cereal 4 8,305,085 8,842,030 8,528,027 8,617,434 8,734,566 production (hectares) Permanent cropland (% of 5 10.03 10.70 10.80 11.90 11.93 land area) 6 Land area (sq. km) 310,070 310,070 310,070 310,070 310,070 Cereal production (metric 7 40,247,525 43,304,647 43,323,649 44,614,201 47,017,798 tons) Population density 8 (people per sq. km of land 271.62 274.53 277.44 280.36 283.29 area) 9 Population in largest city 5,608,602.00 5,789,665.00 5,976,051.00 6,167,090.00 6,361,319.00 Consumer price index 10 116.30 143.19 153.29 166.87 198.04 (2005 = 100) Inflation, consumer prices 11 8.30 23.12 7.05 8.86 18.68 (annual %) Roads, goods transported 12 24,646.90 27,968.00 31,587.20 36,179.00 (million ton-km) Roads, passengers carried 13 49372.1 54221.1 61508.8 69197.4 (million passenger-km) Railways, goods 14 transported (million ton- 3,881 3,910 3,807 3,901 4,101 km) Railways, passengers 15 carried (million 4,659 4,659 4,129 4,378 4,571 passenger-km) 16 Rail lines (total route-km) 3,147 3,147 2,347 2,347 2,347 17 Telephone lines 11,165,617 14,767,629 17,427,365 14,374,438 10,174,849 22 # Indicator Name 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Telephone lines (per 100 18 13.13 17.18 20.05 16.36 11.46 people) Internet users (per 100 19 20.76 23.92 26.55 30.65 35.07 people) Exports of goods and 20 76.90 77.92 68.30 77.53 87.02 services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and 21 92.75 93.13 78.65 87.81 91.23 services (% of GDP) 22 Trade (% of GDP) 169.64 171.05 146.95 165.34 178.25 Agriculture, value added 23 20.36 22.21 20.91 20.58 22.02 (% of GDP) Manufacturing, value 24 21.38 20.35 20.09 19.68 19.28 added (% of GDP) Industry, value added (% 25 41.48 39.84 40.24 41.10 40.79 of GDP) Services, etc., value added 26 38.18 37.95 38.85 38.33 37.19 (% of GDP) 27 GDP (current US$) 71,015,592,863 91,094,051,435 97,180,304,813 106,426,845,157 123,600,141,396 28 GDP growth (annual %) 8.46 6.31 5.32 6.78 5.89 29 Primary education, pupils 7,041,312.00 6,871,795.00 6,745,016.00 6,922,624.00 7,048,493.00 Primary education, pupils 30 47.80 47.93 47.26 47.35 (% female) Pupil-teacher ratio, 31 20.44 19.93 19.52 19.90 19.63 primary School enrollment, 32 102.20 104.13 104.10 106.22 106.33 primary (% gross) School enrollment, 33 99.87 102.14 102.81 103.11 primary, female (% gross) School enrollment, 34 104.42 105.97 109.48 109.40 primary, male (% gross) Trained teachers in 35 primary education, female 98.78 99.89 99.76 98.46 99.28 (% of female teachers) 23 # Indicator Name 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Trained teachers in 36 primary education, male 94.37 94.31 99.21 97.90 99.39 (% of male teachers) Trained teachers in 37 primary education (% of 97.79 98.63 99.64 98.33 99.30 total teachers) Primary education, 38 344,547.00 344,853.00 345,505.00 347,840.00 359,039.00 teachers Primary education, 39 77.66 77.33 77.97 77.88 77.12 teachers (% female) Children out of school, 40 54,276.00 67,060.00 121,297.00 38,663.00 primary Secondary education, 41 9,329,737.00 8,928,507.00 8,467,012.00 8,100,135.00 7,803,327.00 general pupils Secondary education, 42 49.15 49.78 49.92 50.86 49.82 general pupils (% female) School enrollment, 43 17.98015 18.5875 19.74543 22.2903 24.38244 tertiary (% gross) School enrollment, 44 17.96959 18.39764 19.65994 22.31103 24.53494 tertiary, female (% gross) School enrollment, 45 17.99046 18.77217 19.82837 22.27024 24.23514 tertiary, male (% gross) Tertiary education, 46 44.42804 45.00178 47.58294 47.12493 47.4126 teachers (% female) Mortality rate, under-5 47 25.6 24.5 23.5 22.6 21.7 (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5, 48 female (per 1,000 live 22 21 20.2 19.4 18.6 births) Mortality rate, under-5, 49 male (per 1,000 live 29.1 27.8 26.7 25.7 24.6 births) 24 # Indicator Name 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Mortality rate, neonatal 50 13.6 13.1 12.7 12.3 11.9 (per 1,000 live births) Immunization, DPT (% of 51 children ages 12-23 92 93 96 93 95 months) Immunization, measles 52 (% of children ages 12-23 83 92 97 98 96 months) Tuberculosis case 53 detection rate (%, all 57 56 55 54 56 forms) Incidence of tuberculosis 54 202 201 200 199 199 (per 100,000 people) External resources for 55 health (% of total 2.84 2.63 3.15 3.25 3.13 expenditure on health) Health expenditure per 56 58.40 70.47 78.56 82.79 94.81 capita (current US$) Health expenditure, 57 4.20 4.35 4.29 4.30 4.06 private (% of GDP) Health expenditure, 58 public (% of total health 39.98 34.59 38.89 37.13 40.35 expenditure) Health expenditure, 59 public (% of government 9.20 8.04 8.52 7.75 9.43 expenditure) Health expenditure, 60 2.79 2.30 2.73 2.54 2.75 public (% of GDP) Health expenditure, total 61 6.99 6.65 7.02 6.83 6.81 (% of GDP) Employment to 62 population ratio, ages 15- 57.30 56.40 55.90 55.80 55.80 24, female (%) 25 # Indicator Name 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Employment to 63 population ratio, ages 15- 61.80 61.00 60.50 60.50 60.50 24, male (%) Employment to 64 population ratio, ages 15- 59.60 58.70 58.30 58.20 58.20 24, total (%) Employment to 65 population ratio, 15+, 71.30 71.10 71.10 71.20 71.30 female (%) Employment to 66 population ratio, 15+, 79.50 79.30 79.30 79.40 79.50 male (%) Employment to 67 population ratio, 15+, 75.30 75.10 75.10 75.20 75.30 total (%) GDP per person 68 employed (constant 1990 5,333 5,516 5,654 5,877 6,110 PPP $) Labor force participation 69 rate for ages 15-24, 60.40 59.60 59.10 59.00 59.00 female (%) Labor force participation 70 rate for ages 15-24, male 64.80 64.00 63.60 63.50 63.50 (%) Labor force participation 71 rate for ages 15-24, total 62.60 61.90 61.40 61.30 61.30 (%) Labor force participation 72 rate, female (% of female 78.20 78.10 78.00 78.10 78.20 population ages 15-64) Labor force participation 73 rate, male (% of male 84.60 84.50 84.40 84.50 84.60 population ages 15-64) 26 # Indicator Name 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Labor force participation 74 rate, total (% of total 81.40 81.20 81.20 81.20 81.40 population ages 15-64) Labor participation rate, 75 female (% of female 73.20 73.10 73.00 73.10 73.20 population ages 15+) Ratio of female to male 76 labor participation rate 90.15 90.25 90.12 90.14 90.15 (%) Labor participation rate, 77 male (% of male 81.20 81.00 81.00 81.10 81.20 population ages 15+) Labor participation rate, 78 total (% of total 77.10 77.00 76.90 77.00 77.10 population ages 15+) Labor force, female (% of 79 48.69 48.62 48.57 48.52 48.49 total labor force) 80 Labor force, total 48,319,139 49,288,104 50,190,072 51,140,464 51,998,588 Vitamin A supplementation coverage 81 95.00 98.00 99.00 95.39 99.00 rate (% of children ages 6-59 months) Adolescent fertility rate 82 (births per 1,000 women 26.85 26.02 25.18 24.35 23.51 ages 15-19) Birth rate, crude (per 83 17.13 17.05 16.91 16.70 16.42 1,000 people) Death rate, crude (per 84 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.23 5.24 1,000 people) Contraceptive prevalence 85 79.00 79.50 77.80 (% of women ages 15-49) Mortality rate, infant (per 86 20.40 19.50 18.80 18.10 17.30 1,000 live births) 27 # Indicator Name 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Life expectancy at birth, 87 76.15 76.38 76.62 76.86 77.09 female (years) Life expectancy at birth, 88 74.17 74.39 74.61 74.83 75.05 total (years) Life expectancy at birth, 89 72.28 72.48 72.69 72.90 73.11 male (years) Fertility rate, total (births 90 1.88 1.86 1.85 1.82 1.80 per woman) Population ages 0-14 (% 91 25.59 24.80 24.13 23.60 23.22 of total) Population ages 15-64 (% 92 68.49 69.25 69.89 70.40 70.75 of total) Population ages 65 and 93 5.92 5.95 5.98 6.00 6.03 above (% of total) Population growth 94 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.04 (annual %) 95 Population, total 84,221,100 85,122,300 86,025,000 86,932,500 87,840,000 Population, female (% of 96 50.67 50.64 50.60 50.58 50.55 total) 97 Rural population 60,196,357.46 60,310,681.75 60,414,841.35 60,511,105.28 60,578,328.96 Rural population growth 98 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.11 (annual %) Rural population (% of 99 71.47 70.85 70.23 69.61 68.96 total population) Urban population growth 100 3.29 3.22 3.17 3.12 3.13 (annual %) 101 Urban population 24,024,742.54 24,811,618.25 25,610,158.65 26,421,394.73 27,261,671.04 Urban population (% of 102 28.53 29.15 29.77 30.39 31.04 total) International tourism, 103 4,229,000.0 4,236,000.0 3,747,000.0 5,050,000.0 6,014,000.0 number of arrivals International tourism, 104 3,750,000,000.0 3,930,000,000.0 3,050,000,000.0 4,450,000,000.0 5,620,000,000.0 receipts (current US$) 28 2.2.1. Socio-economics situation of Vietnam in four beginning months of 2013 Agriculture, forestry & fishery Agriculture As of April 15, 2013 the country had 3,120,400 ha of spring rice cultivated, equaled 101.4% from the same period last year, of which provinces in the North completed 1,138,100 ha, equaled 99.2% and provinces in the South 1,982,300 ha, equaled 102.7%. As of mid-April, provinces in the South harvested 1,690,800 ha of winter-spring rice, equaled 98.4% from last year‘ same crop, of which the Mekong Delta harvested 1,568,700 hectares, accounting for 98% of the cultivated area and equaled 103%. According to preliminary reports, the region‘s rice yield reached estimated 10.8 million tons, rose 8,500 tons from last year‘ same crop mainly due to increase in cultivated area of 19,000 ha. Together with this, provinces in the South also sowed summer rice seeds for 839,500 ha, equaling 145.9% from last year‘ same crop, of which the Mekong Delta sowed summer rice seeds for 824,800 ha, equaling 145%. Some provinces had high sowing summer rice seeds area as Dong Thap (173,000 ha); Kien Giang (117,000 ha); An Giang (114,000 ha); Long An (88,000 ha). As of this period, the country cultivated 445,400 ha of maize, equaling 98.5%; 81,800 ha of sweet potato, equaling 96.4%; 154,800 ha of peanut, equaling 99%; 60,000 ha of soybean, equaling 113.4% and 484,700 ha of vegetables, equaling 109.4% against the same period last year. The waterless status in provinces of the Central Highland had serious impact on over 56,000 ha of crops (over 32,000 ha of coffee), of which 5,000 ha of rice and vegetables were in complete loss. According to preliminary reports, the flock of buffalos and oxen reduced to 3-4% from the same period last year due to narrow area of grazing and slow time of reproduction. Raising pigs met difficulty due to low selling price and breakout of epidemic disease. Blue ear disease in some provinces killed over 6,000 pigs. Foot and mouth disease was happening complicatedly with the appearance of new variety of virus but there was no vaccine to protect. As estimated, the country‘s flock of pigs in the month decreased by about 2-3% and the flock of poultry by 2-3% from last year‘ same period. As of 21st April, 2013, bird flu has been controlled, other diseases within 21 days in some locals including: foot and mouth cattle disease in Ha Tinh, blue ear pig disease in Bac Ninh, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh. Forestry Dry weather in many areas of the country has affected forestry production, especially in the afforestation. New concentrated forestation area estimated 6,300 hectares, equaling 66.3% in the same period last year, number of scattered forest trees reached 17.6 million, rose 1.1% and a yield timber reached 414,000 m3, rose 7.3% and a yield of firewood extraction 2.8 million ste, rose 2.6%. 29 Generally the country‘s forest concentrated area in the first four months of the year reached 14,700 ha, equaling 82.1% against that in the same period last year; dispersed planted trees reached 81.6 million, rose 2.8%; wood production 1,544,700 m3, rose 7.9%; firewood production 10.2 million Ste, rose 2.9%. Damaged forest area was 534 ha, declined 33.3% from last year‘ same period, of which 446 ha was burnt area, decreased by 37.1% and 88 ha was destroyed area, decreased by 4.5%. Fishery Fishery production in April estimated 409,800 tons, rose 0.4% from last year‘ same period, of which fish production reached 321,300 tons, decreased 0.5%; shrimp production reached 36,600 tons, rose 4% and other aquatic products output reached 51,900 tons, rose 3.4%. Aquaculture production in April estimated 187,300 tons, down 4% from last year‘ same period, of which fish production reached 148,400 tons, down 6%; shrimp production reached 27,500 tons, rose 4.2% and other aquatic production reached 11,400 tons, rose 5.6%. Generally, estimated fishing production in 4 months reached 1,561,000 tons, rose 0.9% from last year‘ same period, of which farmed products reached 687,300 tons, slowed down 2.7%; caught products reached 873,700 tons, rose 4%. Of which, sea caught products reached 825,000 tons, rose 4.3% from the same period in 2012 with 633,000 tons of fish, rose 4.4% and 35,900 tons of shrimp, rose 3.5%. Industry Industrial Production Index (IPI) in the first four months of 2013 rose 5% from last year‘ same period (lower than the 5.9% growth rate in the same period in 2012), of which the mining and quarrying rose 2.1% (the growth rate in the same period last year was 3%); the manufacturing by 5.5% (6% in last year‘ same period); power generation and supply by 9% (12.9% in last year‘ same period); water supply and wastes treatment by 8.8% (equal to the growth in last year‘ same period). Of 5% general growth, the mining and quarrying contributed 0.4 point percent, the manufacturing 3.9 points percent, the power generation and supply 0.6 point percent and the water supply and waste treatment 0.1 point percent. Consumption index for the manufacturing in the first three months of 2013 rose 4% from last year‘ same period. Stock index was 73.4% in March 2013 and 77.8% in the first three month. Employment index for industrial enterprises in April 2013 rose 0.92% from March. Compared to the same period last year, April‘s employment index rose 0.1%, of which the state owned businesses sector rose 0.4%; the non-state sector declined 3.8% and the FDI sector rose 2.5%. Investment Generally, four months‘ realized investment capital from the state budget reached 51,374 billion dong, equaling 25.7% of the yearly plan and decreased 3.9% from the same period in 2012. 30 Of which, capital under central management reached 10,984 billion dong, equaling 23.2% and reduced by 17%; capital under local management obtained 40,390 billion dong, equaling 26.4% and increased by 0.4%. Attraction of FDI from the beginning of the year to 20/4/2013 reached 8,219.1 USD million, rose 17% from the same period in 2012. Of which, registered capital of 341 newly licensed projects reached 4,873.1 USD million (decreased by 10.5% in projects and increased by 14.6% in capital against last year‘ same period); additional registered capital of 121 times of projects licensed from previous years was 3,346 USD million. Estimated realized FDI in 4 months of 2013 reached 3.8 USD billion, rose 3.9% from the same period in 2012. In 4 months, 38 provinces and cities over the country had newly licensed FDI projects from 33 countries and territorial regions. Government revenues and expenditures Total Government revenues from the beginning of the year to 15/4/2013 were at an estimation of 201.4 trillion dong, equaling 24.7% of the yearly estimate, of which domestic revenues reached133.9 trillion dong, equaling 24.5%; from crude oil 34.6 trillion dong, equaling 35%; from export-import balance 32 trillion dong, equaling 19.2%. Of the domestic revenues, collecting from state enterprises was 40.1 trillion dong, equaling 23% of the yearly estimate; from FDI enterprises (excluding crude oil) 31.3 trillion dong, equaling 29.2%; from non-state industrial, commercial and service taxes 28.8 trillion dong, equaling 23.9%; from individual income tax 15.5 trillion dong, equaling 28.3%; from environment protection tax 3.4 trillion dong, equaling 23.6%; and from other fees 2.7 trillion dong, equaling 25.8%. Total Government expenditures from the beginning of the year to 15/4/2013 were at an estimation of 258 trillion dong, equaling 26.4% of the yearly estimate, of which spending for investment development reached 47.7 trillion dong, equaling 27.2% (only spending for capital construction was 46.5 trillion dong, equaling 27.3%); spending for economic and social development, national defense and security (including spending for salary reform) was at an estimation of 182.1 trillion dong, equaling 27%; paying debts and aids was 28.2 trillion dong, equaling 26.8%. Trade, price, service Total retailed sales of consumer goods and services Generally, four months‘ total retailed sales of consumer goods and services reached 849.9 trillion dong, rose 11.8% from the same period last year, if the factor of inflation were excluded, it would be 4.6%. Of which, the trade business gained 653.2 trillion dongs, represented 76.9% of the total and rose 10.6%; the hotel and restaurant 102.5 trillion dong, 12.1% and by 16.3%; the service 86.1 trillion dong, 10.1% and by 16.1%; the tourist 8 trillion dong, 0.9% and by 7.1% respectively. 31 Exports-Imports Generally, four months‘ import turnovers reached 39.4 USD billion, rose 16.9% from last year‗ same period, of which the domestic economic sector reached 13.9 USD billion, raised 7%; the FDI sector (including crude oil) 25.5 USD billion, rose 23.2%. Generally, four months‘ import turnovers reached 40.2 USD billion, rose 18% from last year ‗same period, of which the domestic economic sector reached 18.4 USD billion, rose 10.5%; and the FDI sector gained 21.8 USD billion, rose 25.2%. Four months‘ trade surplus reached 722 USD million, equaling 1.8% of total export turnovers. Consumer price indexes (CPI) April‘s CPI raised 0.02% from March. Among groups of goods and services, medicines and health care service had highest growth rate of 3.62% (health care service rose 4.51%). Groups with slight growth rates were transport by 1.2%; garments, hats and footgear by 0.45%; family appliances by 0.38%; culture, entertainment, tourist by 0.33%; drinks and tobacco by 0.1%; education by 0.05%. Remaining groups had decreased rates were catering and related service by 0.91% (grain food by 0.86%; foodstuff by 1.24%); housing and construction material by 0.44%; postal and communicational service by 0.15%. This month‘s CPI growth mainly resulted from the impact of groups of medicines and health care service, and transport. Health care service charge contributed 0.2% to the country‘s general growth rate; 2.21% increase in gasoline price contributed 0.08% to the general CPI. April‘ CPI rose 2.41 percent from 12/2012 and 6.61% from the same period last year. Average CPI in 4 months rose 6.83% compared to that in 2012‘ same period. April‘s gold price index declined 2.56 percent from March, 7.17% from 12/2012 and 3.41% from last year‘ same period. April‘s USD price index rose 0.01% from March, 0.37% from 12/2012 and 0.47% from last year‘ same period. Carriage of passengers and cargos Four months‘ passenger carriage reached estimated 910 million arrivals, raised 4.4percent and 40 billion passengers-kilometers rose 4.1percent from the same period in 2012. Of which central transport reached 14.2 million participants, decreased by1.7% and 11 billion passengers- kilometers increased by 3.4%; local transport reached 895.8 million arrivals, rose 4.5percent and 29 billion passengers-kilometers rose 4.3%. Four months‘ passengers transport by land reached estimated 830.7 million arrivals, rose 4.6percent 28.1 billion passengers-kilometers rose 3.8percent from last year‘ same period. Similarly, by river: 68 million arrivals, rose 2.4percent and 1.5 billion passengers-kilometers rose 6.2percent; by airway: 5.5 million arrivals, rose 0.6percent and 9 billion passengers-kilometers rose 5.6percent; by sea: 2.1 million arrivals, rose 1.2percent 32 and 120.3 million passengers-kilometers rose 0.9percent; by rail: 3.7 million arrivals, decreased by 2.1% and1.3 billion passengers-kilometers by 2.5%. Four months‘ cargo carriage reached estimated 328.6 million tons, rose 2.6percent and 59.4 billion tons-kilometers, slowed down 9.8percent from last year‘ same period, of which the domestic transport gained 317 million tons, increased by 3% and 26.7 billion tons-kilometers by 2.3%; overseas transport reached 11.6 million tons, decreased by 7.6% and 32.7 billion tons- kilometers by 17.7%. Land transport obtained 255.4 million tons, increased by 4.2% and 18.2 billion tons-kilometers by 2,1%; river transport 57.7 million tons, decreased by 1.3% and 4.8 billion tons-kilometers by 2.6%; sea transport 13.4 million tons, decreased by 7.9% and 34.9 billion tons-kilometers by 16%; rail transport 2.2 million tons, decreased by 2.7% and 1.2 billion tons-kilometers by 2%. International visitors to Viet Nam Estimated international visitors to Viet Nam in four beginning months of 2013 reached 2.4 million arrivals, declined 5.3percent from last year‘ same period. Of which, nearly 2 million arrivals came by air, decreased by 6.4%, 348,000 arrivals came by land, increased by 1.3% and 78,600 arrivals came by sea, decreased by 3.7%. Visitors coming for tourist purposes were 1.5 million arrivals, slowed down 3.8percent from the same period in 2012; for business purposes 406,400 arrival, decreased by 5.4%. Social issues Farmers food shortage In April, the country had 59,500 households suffered from food shortage, represented 0.5% of total agricultural households and equaled to 255,200 hunger household members, represented 0.5% of total agricultural HH members. In comparison to the same period in 2012, hunger households decreased by 2.9% and hunger members by 2.1%. To overcome the problem, all administrative levels and sectors since the beginning of the year have provided difficult families with 16,100 tons of food and over 8.2 billion dong, only in April over 4,000 tons of food was provided. Epidemic diseases and food poisoning Generally, the country in 4 months had 18,000 cases of hand, foot, mouth disease (5 died); 11,200 cases of hemorrhagic fever (10 died); 53 cases of typhoid (1 died); 112 cases of virus encephalitis (2 died); 1 case of meningococcal disease and 1 case of A (H5N1) flu. More 245 HIV-infected cases were found in the month, bringing the number of HIV infected persons over the country as of mid-April 2013 to 210,600, of which 54,400 turned to AIDS and 54,500 died of AIDS. 33 Generally, the country in 4 months had 23 cases of food poisoning, infecting 737 persons, of which 4 died. Traffic accidents Generally, the country in 4 months had 3,709 cases of traffic accident, killing 3,333 persons and injuring 2,349 others. In comparison to the same period last year, cases of traffic accident increased by1.3%; the death by 5.2%; the injured decreased by 13.4%. On average, the country in each day in 4 months had 31 cases of traffic accident, killing 28 persons and injuring 20 others. Damage by natural calamity Damage by natural calamity in the month mainly resulted from hails and whirlwinds that happened in provinces in northern mountainous region. Natural calamity killed and injured 59 persons; 118 were collapsed and swept away; nearly 23,000 houses were flooded and blown off; about 3,000 ha of rice and vegetables were damaged, of which 1,700 ha were in dead loss. Estimated total damage by calamity was 389 billion dong; damage by hails and whirlwinds only was 382 billion dong. Environmental and fire protection In April, functioning authorities discovered 406 environment violated cases in 36 provinces and cities. 226 cases were fined 352.6 billion dong. The country in four months had 841 serious cases of fire and explosion, killing 46 persons and injuring 55 others. Estimated damage was about 291 billion dong. 2.2.2. The project Provinces Table 5: Key information about socioeconomic conditions in 2011 TT Indicator Unit Thai Binh Hai Duong Hung Yen 1 Rate of Birth ‰ 14.20 15.88 16.20 2 Rate of Death ‰ 8.90 7.70 7.80 3 Natural Rate ‰ 8.30 9.46 8.37 4 Economic Structure Agriculture, forestry and 4.1 % 37.26 23.00 23.00 fishery 4.2 Industry and construction % 30.98 45.60 45.86 4.3 Services % 31.76 31.40 31.14 Income in one ha of farming 5 School NA NA 118.50 (VND) 6 School School 604.00 605.00 376.00 7 Number of student 1,000 pupil 279.00 270.00 178.00 Health care 8 Health care 334.00 293.00 178.00 Center 34 TT Indicator Unit Thai Binh Hai Duong Hung Yen 9 Number of Nurses Head 5,290.00 4,267.00 2,811.00 10 Poverty Rate % 8.12 8.94 8.42 1,000 11 Rate of working people 1,134.20 1,071.00 707.10 people 12 Rate of working people % 62.40 61.70 60.80 13 Rate of unemployment % 1.74 0.97 1.08 14 Immigration Head 4,154.00 13,429.00 9,036.00 15 Rate of immigration ‰ 2.30 7.80 8.00 16 Migration Head 12,885.00 9,432.00 6,504.00 17 Rate of migration ‰ 9.40 5.50 6.10 Source: Statistics year of 2011 Table 6: Number of people with HIV/AIDS and died by HIV/AIDS Number of Number with Number with Number with infected with HIV still alive – AIDS still alive – Number died AIDS – newly HIV – newly accumulated to accumulated to by AIDS Province found found end of year end of year 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2012 2011 Hai Duong 231 261 48 67 3.846 3941 423 983 3 23 Hung Yen 122 91 69 40 1.196 1248 112 83 37 18 Thai Binh 278 195 114 73 3.666 3619 571 589 22 17 a) Thai Binh Province Thai Binh includes of 7 districts and one city. A total area of the province is 1,570.03 km2 and with population of about 1,786,000 people. The average GDP growth in a period from 2011 -2015 is forecasted with about 13.5 % and from 2016 to 2020 would be about 13 %. Thai Binh plans to reduce the GDP from agriculture to 20% and increase for industry and basic construction up to 45% and trade-services up to 35%. The total export value is planned with about U$ 1.5 billion. Average GDP per capita is bout VND 74.4 million and the increasing rate of the population is about 0.37 to 0.72 % per year. Each year the poverty reduction is about 1 % in average. Some detailed information about Thai Binh Province is shown as table 7 and 8 below. 35 Table 7: Growth of the population in Thai Binh province Year Low Medium High 2015 1.812.580 1.825.254 1.837.995 2020 1.846.362 1.875.538 1.905.123 2025 1.880.773 1.927.206 1.974.702 Table 8: Natural area, population and population density by district Natural No. of Average Population In which No. City/District area communes/ population density (Km2) wards (person) (person/km2) Male Female 1 Thai Binh city 67.71 19 184,520 2,725 88,570 95,950 2 Quynh Phu 209.61 38 233,090 1,112 111,883 121,207 3 Hung Ha 210.29 35 247,360 1,176 118,733 128,627 4 Dong Hung 196.05 44 234,060 1,194 112,349 121,711 5 Thai Thuy 265.84 48 247,670 932 118,882 128,788 6 Tien Hai 226.04 35 208,600 923 100,128 108,472 7 Kien Xuong 199.35 37 212,550 1,066 102,024 110,526 8 Vu Thu 195.14 30 218,450 1,119 104,856 113,594 Whole province 1,570.03 286 1,786,300 1,138 857,425 928,875 (Source: Statistical Office of Thai Binh province. Data updated to 31 December 2011) Table 9: Turnover of transport, loading in Thai Binh province Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Billion VND Total 758.7 891.9 1,407.0 1,824.9 2,117.8 1. By ownership - State 28.1 31.2 35.5 38.9 40.2 - Non-state 730.6 860.7 1371.5 1786 2077.6 - Foreign invested sector - - - - - 2. By types of activity - Inland way 408.3 559 786 1021.5 1345.8 - Water way 350.2 332.7 621 803.4 772 - Storage - - - - - - Others 0.2 0.2 - - - Structure (%) Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1. By ownership - State 3.7 3.5 2.5 2.1 1.9 36 Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 - Non-state 96.3 96.5 97.5 97.9 98.1 - Foreign invested sector - - - - - 2. By types of activity - Inland way 53.8 62.7 55.9 56 63.5 - Water way 46.2 37.3 44.1 44 36.5 - Storage - - - - - - Others - - - - - Table 10: Volume of passengers carried Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Thous.person Total 5,952 7,352 8,386 11,031 12,603 1. By ownership - State 583 573 579 604 471 - Non-state 5,369 6,779 7,807 10,427 12,132 + Collective 199 125 106 126 117 + Private 1,634 2,038 2,421 3,485 4,105 + Households 3,536 4,616 5,280 6,816 7,910 - Foreign invested sector - - - - - 2. By transport activity - Inlad way 5,952 7,352 8,386 11,031 12,603 - River way - - - - - - Sea way - - - - - Index (Previous year=100)-% Total 136.95 123.52 114.06 131.54 114.25 1. By ownership - State 102.10 98.28 101.05 104.32 77.98 - Non-state 142.20 126.26 115.16 133.56 116.35 + Collective 58.19 62.81 84.80 118.87 92.86 + Private 152.43 124.72 118.79 143.87 117.83 + Households 149.77 130.54 114.38 129.09 116.05 - Foreign invested sector - - - - - 2. By transport activity - Inlad way 136.95 123.52 114.06 131.54 114.25 - River way - - - - - - Sea way - - - - - 37 Table 11: Health establishments, beds and staffs by state management Item Unit 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1. Number of health establishments Unit 303 305 307 309 334 - Hospital 16 18 19 21 22 - Polyclinics - Sanatorium, functional recover unit 1 1 1 1 1 - Lazarine leprosy treaty zone 1 1 1 1 1 - Maternity hospital - Health unit in commune, ward 285 285 286 286 286 - Other 24 2. Number of beds Bed 3,595 3,535 3,893 4,388 4,615 - Hospital 2,540 2,488 2,875 3,330 3,505 - Polyclinics - Sanatorium, functional recover unit 120 135 100 120 120 - Lazarine leprosy treaty zone 80 57 60 80 130 - Maternity hospital - Health unit in commune, ward 855 855 858 858 860 - Other 3. Medical staff Person 3,262 3,629 3,752 3,882 5,290 - Doctor and post graduate 1,372 1,330 1,400 1,474 1,522 - Physicans 709 754 827 825 1,114 - Technical 129 187 157 207 787 - Nurse 802 999 983 979 1,215 - Midwives 250 359 385 397 652 4. Pharmaceuticial staff Person 1,093 1,189 1,250 1,301 2,248 - High degree pharmacist 144 167 199 220 266 - Middle degree pharmacist 240 283 292 294 1,122 - Middle physician 240 245 245 252 280 - Assistant 469 494 514 535 580 38 Table 12: Number of pair used contraceptive method by ural, rural and by kind of method Item Unit 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Pair 259,283 261,410 271,826 271,775 274,170 - IUD 189,479 191,176 204,501 201,166 202,582 - Condom 18,030 18,510 21,424 24,828 25,784 - Male sterilization 1,427 1,389 1,276 996 813 - Female sterilization 14,573 14,072 14,144 12,919 11,998 - Using pill medical 22,522 23,300 24,355 26,213 26,806 - Injection medical method 3,209 3,017 5,330 4,837 5,359 - Inoculate medical method 467 530 796 816 828 - Other 9,576 9,416 - - - Table 13: Number of pair used contraceptive method by district District Unit 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Pair 259,283 261,410 271,826 271,775 274,170 Thai Binh city 24,453 28,962 27,321 28,147 27,611 Quynh Phu 34,852 34,056 36,952 36,610 37,237 Hung Ha 34,761 34,971 36,056 36,740 36,583 Dong Hung 36,498 34,298 37,269 36,669 38,245 Thai Thuy 36,574 35,916 37,136 37,288 36,343 Tien Hai 30,811 30,947 31,635 31,703 32,186 Kien Xuong 30,178 30,588 31,664 31,982 31,852 Vu Thu 31,156 31,672 33,793 32,636 34,113 Table 14: Number of pair having third baby by district District Unit 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Pair 3,594 3,295 3,296 2,881 2,790 Thai Binh city 69 110 132 111 115 Quynh Phu 453 489 361 357 352 Hung Ha 575 561 520 458 417 Dong Hung 490 402 414 333 350 Thai Thuy 550 422 468 388 397 Tien Hai 584 612 708 643 630 Kien Xuong 449 327 333 281 242 Vu Thu 424 372 360 310 287 39 Table 15: Number of schools, teachers, students Item Unit 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 I. Number of schools, teachers, students of professional secondary education 1. No. of schools School 4 3 3 3 3 Public 4 3 3 3 3 Non-public 2. No. of teachers Person 124 86 84 102 128 By type - Public 124 86 84 102 128 - Non-public By professional qualification - Post graduate 12 13 17 20 22 - University and college graduate 103 73 67 82 106 - Other degree 9 3. No. of students Person 5,206 5,583 6,118 6,458 6,812 By type - Public 5,206 5,583 6,118 6,458 6,812 - Non-public By form of training - Full-time training 4,364 4,580 5,098 5,529 5,804 - Others 842 1,003 1,020 929 1,008 4. No. of students graduated Person 2,187 673 777 939 By type - Public 2,187 673 777 939 - Non-public By form of training - Full-time training 2,065 329 421 524 - Others 122 344 356 415 II. Number of schools, teachers, students of college education 1. No. of schools School 3 4 4 4 3 Public 3 4 4 4 3 Non-public 2. No. of teachers Person 330 368 438 445 382 By type - Public 330 368 438 445 382 - Non-public By professional qualification - Post graduate 93 107 108 116 134 - University and college graduate 237 261 330 329 248 - Other degree 40 Item Unit 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 3. No. of students Person 6,053 7,859 9,517 10,914 10,240 By type - Public 6,053 7,859 9,517 10,914 10,240 - Non-public By form of training - Full-time training 4,932 6,549 7,917 8,417 8,512 - Others 1,121 1,310 1,600 2,497 1,728 4. No. of students graduated Person 1,242 1,307 1,837 1,854 By type - Public 1,242 1,307 1,837 1,854 - Non-public By form of training - Full-time training 954 642 1,412 1,492 - Others 288 665 425 362 II. Number of schools, teachers, students of university education 1. No. of schools School 2 2 2 2 3 Public 2 2 2 2 3 Non-public 2. No. of teachers Person 347 398 441 458 534 By type - Public 347 398 441 458 534 - Non-public By professional qualification - Post graduate 170 183 201 206 211 - University and college graduate 177 215 240 252 323 - Other degree 3. No. of students Person 4,220 5,566 6,513 6,945 7,412 By type - Public 4,220 5,566 6,513 6,945 7,412 - Non-public By form of training - Full-time training 2,660 3,494 4,195 4,404 5,606 - Others 1,560 2,072 2,318 2,541 1,806 4. No. of students graduated Person 348 693 1,338 1,384 By type - Public 348 693 1,338 1,384 - Non-public By form of training - Full-time training 157 366 812 825 - Others 191 327 526 559 (Source: Thai Binh Statistical Yearbook, 2011) 41 b) Hung Yen Province Hung Yen includes of 9 districts and one city. A total area of the province is 926.03 km2 and with population of about 1,137,294 people. Some detailed information about Hung Yen Province is shown as table 16 below. Table 16: Natural area, population and population density by district Natural No. of Average Population In which No. City/District area communes/ population density (Km2) wards (person) (person/km2) Male Female 1 Hung Yen city 46.98 12 84,324 1,795 40,794 43,530 2 Van Lam 74.43 11 115,250 1,548 57,198 58,052 3 Van Giang 71.81 11 99,767 1,389 49,466 50,301 4 Yen My 92.50 17 135,180 1,461 66,773 68,407 5 My Hao 79.11 13 94,928 1,200 46,756 48,172 6 An Thi 128.72 21 128,043 995 62,621 65,422 7 Khoai Chau 130.92 25 182,285 1,392 90,082 92,203 8 Kim Dong 114.74 19 122,114 1,064 60,173 61,941 9 Phu Cu 93.86 14 77,345 824 38,012 39,335 10 Tien Lu 92.97 18 98,058 1,055 47,746 50,311 Whole province 926.03 161 1,137,294 1,228 559,620 577,674 (Source: Statistical Office of Hung Yen province. Data updated to 31 December 2011) Table 17: Traffic accident in Hung Yen Item Unit 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1. Number of cases Case 192 183 188 173 188 172 - Number of fatalities Person 145 146 139 131 183 174 - Number of injured Person 141 140 137 108 103 107 2. Cause of traffic accidents Case 192 183 188 173 188 172 -Related to car case 50 21 28 25 29 37 -Related to motorbike case 123 157 141 138 150 130 - Others case 19 5 19 10 9 5 3. Number of violations of Case 31,074 35,800 32,435 27,293 35,187 32,947 traffic safety 42 Table 18: Volumn of passengers carried 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Prel. 2011 Item 1,000 passengers Total 3.163 4.32 4.588 4.943 5.715 6.434 I. By ownership 1.State 2.Non-state 3.163 4.320 4.588 4.943 5.715 6.434 - Collective 44 105 42 37 43 45 - Private 1.332 1.821 2.054 2.294 2.791 3.246 - Household 1.787 2.394 2.492 2.612 2.881 3.143 3. Foreign invested sector II. By transport activity 1. Inland way 2.465 3.916 4.046 4.332 5.481 5.768 2. River way 698 404 542 611 234 666 3. Sea way Index (Previous year = 100) - % Total 112,97 136,58 106,20 107,74 115,61 112,58 I. By ownership 1.State 2.Non-state 112,97 136,58 106,20 107,74 115,61 112,58 - Collective 40,79 237,70 39,88 89,21 115,03 104,65 - Private 153,73 136,75 112,78 111,67 121,68 116,30 - Household 97,91 133,94 104,11 104,82 110,29 109,09 3. Foreign invested sector II. By transport activity 1. Inland way 117,10 158,85 103,33 107,07 126,52 105,24 2. River way 100,47 57,92 134,03 112,81 38,28 284,62 3. Sea way - - - - - - Table 19: Volume of freight 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Prel. 2011 Item 1,000 tons Total 6.863 9.691 10.407 11.467 13.416 14.392 I. By ownership 1.State - 12 15 - - - 2.Non-state 6.863 9.679 10.392 11.467 13.416 14.392 - Collective 233 186 138 74 90 98 - Private 226 448 484 810 1.236 1.326 - Household 6.404 9.046 9.770 10.583 12.090 12.968 3. Foreign invested sector - - - - - - II. By transport activity 43 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Prel. 2011 Item 1,000 tons 1. Inland way 5.266 7.224 8.783 9.762 11.415 12.202 2. River way 1.596 2.467 1.625 1.705 2.002 2.190 3. Sea way - - - - - - Index (Previous year =100) -% Total 114,78 141,21 107,39 110,19 117,00 107,27 I. By ownership 1.State - - - - - - 2.Non-state 114,78 141,04 107,36 110,35 117,00 107,27 - Collective 37,04 79,75 74,15 53,79 121,91 108,61 - Private 110,82 198,49 108,14 167,37 152,55 107,28 - Household 124,42 141,24 108,01 108,32 114,24 107,26 3. Foreign invested sector - - - - - - II. By transport activity 1. Inland way 99,21 137,18 121,57 111,16 116,93 106,90 2. River way 238,01 154,52 65,86 104,94 117,42 109,40 3. Sea way - - - - - - Table 20: Results of the healthcare Item Unit 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 I. Indicators of local health Admission 1. Number of consultants 445.336 405.355 570.816 681.133 645.509 791.529 /pers 2. Number of in-patients under Admission 95.358 90.385 114.446 127.314 114.88 127.640 treatment /pers 3. No.of inpatient treatment days day 531.343 700.782 865.079 932.823 850.295 843.460 4. Number of surgery operations operation 9.290 8.311 8.504 10.806 9.219 11.583 5. Number of tests time 1.055 1.419 1.220 2.285 2.862 3.318 6. Number of X-rays time 130.577 147.136 180.059 223.576 207.495 179.186 7. Number of ultrasound time 78.096 110.871 114.765 122.880 141.345 165.044 8. Number of IUD persons Person 29.231 27.354 29.455 27.919 30.158 27.468 9. Number of people used condom Person 13.807 14.414 15.741 17.342 19.122 22.584 10. No. of sterilization people Person 210 177 131 103 80 165 II. National program on health 1. Expanded Programme on Immunization - No.of children received 6 basic Person 17.841 12.347 19.011 20.038 20.444 21.928 vaccinations - Percentage of children received % 99.95 65.56 97.60 100.00 100.00 100.00 6 basic vaccinations 44 Item Unit 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 - No.of pregnant women received Person 21.329 23.512 22.960 23.478 24.075 25.075 tetanus toxoid vaccine - Percentage of pregnant women % 99.86 99.78 99.48 99.90 99.90 100.00 received tetanus toxoid vaccine 2. Prevention of malaria - Insecticide treated net unit 3.200 12.650 10.000 7.500 7.500 - No. of people protected by Person 25.384 24.670 25.300 20.000 15.000 15.000 insecticide treated net 3. Prevention of goiter - No.of people examined goiter Person 14.160 14.550 13.731 15.261 1.417 - - No.of people with simple goiter Person 1.550 1.264 1.118 985 585 - 4. Prevention of tuberculosis - Number of tuberculosis patients Person 1.350 1.156 1.215 1.051 1.228 1.182 just defecting - No. of patients treated Person 1.150 698 1.133 629 1.029 1.068 suscessfully Table 21: Number of pair used contraceptive method by district District 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total 173.77 177.139 179.507 174.894 155.454 75.749 Hung Yen city 11.135 12.266 12.987 12.216 12.898 7.836 Van Lam 17.494 17.737 17.014 15.786 9.030 3.983 Van Giang 14.883 14.845 15.438 15.332 12.106 4.898 Yen My 19.734 19.882 20.297 20.801 17.400 7.398 My Hao 13.590 14.213 14.134 14.344 11.200 6.689 An Thi 21.546 21.381 22.010 21.168 19.346 9.592 Khoai Chau 28.094 28.215 29.032 28.018 26.735 11.200 Kim Dong 19.184 19.599 19.756 19.250 18.307 8.251 Phu Cu 12.876 12.914 12.478 12.497 14.654 6.428 Tien Lu 15.232 16.087 16.361 15.482 13.778 9.474 Table 22: Number of drug addicts, HIV-infected and death by AIDS people Item 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1. Number of detected drug addicts and 1.062 1.011 1.004 1.046 1.014 994 management records a. By gender + Male 1.054 1.007 1.002 1.044 1.012 988 + Female 8 4 2 2 2 6 b. By occupation + Officer, worker 11 8 7 5 5 2 45 Item 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 + Teacher - - 1 1 1 1 + Skilled labor 887 796 815 909 426 484 + Student, pupil - 2 - - - - + Other 164 215 181 131 582 507 c. By age group + Under 15 years old - - - 1 0 - + From 15 to 25 years old 260 149 103 134 90 114 + From 25 to 35 years old 560 499 543 595 452 519 + From 35 to 45 years old 239 355 354 310 457 339 + Above 45 years old 3 8 4 6 15 22 2. HIV-infected people 117 115 115 131 118 131 a. By gender + Male 95 93 79 100 91 90 + Female 22 22 36 31 27 41 b. By occupation + Other 117 115 115 131 118 131 c. By age group + Under 15 years old 1 2 2 2 1 + From 15 to 25 years old 62 59 10 12 11 10 + From 25 to 35 years old 29 28 76 82 68 65 + From 35 to 45 years old 23 24 25 33 31 41 + Above 45 years old 2 2 4 2 6 14 3. Number of death by HIV 56 44 45 32 40 56 a. By gender + Male 53 40 37 28 39 47 + Female 3 4 8 4 1 9 b. By occupation + Other 56 44 45 32 40 56 c. By age group + Under 15 years old - - - 1 1 1 + From 15 to 25 years old - - 2 - 1 1 + From 25 to 35 years old 56 44 36 20 19 28 + From 35 to 45 years old - - 6 10 17 22 + Above 45 years old - - 1 1 2 4 (Source: Statistical Office of Hung Yen province, 2011) c) Hai Duong Province Hai Duong includes of 11 districts and one city. A total area of the province is 1,654.8 km2 and with population of about 1,718,895 people. Some detailed information about Hai Duong Province is shown as table 23 below. 46 Table 23: Natural area, population and population density by district Natural No. of Average Population In which No. City/District area communes/ population density (Km2) wards (person) (person/km2) Male Female 1 Hai Duong city 71.4 21 215,566 3,019 101,394 114,172 2 Chi Linh 282.0 20 160,349 569 81,455 78,894 3 Nam Sach 109.1 19 112,558 1,032 55,209 57,349 4 Kinh Mon 163.5 25 159,534 976 79,239 80,295 5 Kim Thanh 115.2 21 122,782 1,066 61,292 61,490 6 Thanh Ha 159.1 25 154,414 971 74,661 79,753 7 Cam Giang 109.0 19 128,839 1,182 62,804 66,035 8 Binh Giang 104.8 18 105,535 1,007 52,765 52,770 9 Gia Loc 112.4 23 135,387 1,205 66,204 69,183 10 Tu Ky 170.4 27 158,769 932 77,541 81,228 11 Ninh Giang 135.5 28 141,677 1,046 68,907 72,770 12 Thanh Mien 122.4 19 123,485 1,009 60,959 62,526 Whole province 1,654.8 265 1,718,895 1,039 842,430 876,465 Table 24: Some main indicators of transport’s outcome Volume of freight Volume of passengers Year Volume of freight Volume of Volume of Volume of freight traffic passengers carried passengers traffic (Thous.tons) (Thous.tons.km) (Thous. Pers) (Thous.pers.km) 2000 4.541 216.605 1.329 90.673 2001 4.765 230.675 1.629 100.964 2002 5.262 259.979 1.822 117.912 2003 8.611 545.130 2.243 141.147 2004 13.971 829.819 4.022 228.664 2005 13.308 922.568 4.399 291.028 2006 16.566 1.168.015 5.529 377.525 2007 20.394 1.592.263 5.681 410.49 2008 24.035 1.821.413 8.227 530.95 2009 27.720 1.851.971 9.557 577.784 2010 33.092 2.774.023 11.964 718.054 Prel.2011 38.537 2.774.023 14.920 760.058 Index (Previous year = 100) - % 1998 115,5 129,5 102,7 97,9 1999 89,4 94,3 96,7 105,4 2000 109,2 126,9 99,3 94,1 2001 104,9 106,5 122,6 111,3 47 Volume of freight Volume of passengers Year Volume of freight Volume of Volume of Volume of freight traffic passengers carried passengers traffic (Thous.tons) (Thous.tons.km) (Thous. Pers) (Thous.pers.km) 2002 110,4 112,7 111,8 116,8 2003 163,6 209,7 123,1 119,7 2004 162,2 152,2 179,3 162,0 2005 95,3 111,2 109,4 127,3 2006 124,5 126,6 125,7 129,7 2007 123,1 136,3 102,7 108,7 2008 117,9 114,4 144,8 129,3 2009 115,3 101,7 116,2 108,8 2010 119,4 117,8 125,2 124,3 Prel.2011 116,5 127,2 124,7 105,8 Table 25: Traffic accidents Item 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Number of cases(case) 277 358 312 286 241 154 Roadway 263 339 283 263 222 144 Railway 7 9 8 12 3 2 Waterway 7 10 21 11 16 8 Number of fatalities (Per.) 227 281 233 247 234 159 Roadway 218 273 219 228 230 153 Railway 8 8 9 15 3 2 Waterway 1 - 5 4 1 4 Number of injured (Per.) 220 282 215 191 108 74 Roadway 220 280 207 183 108 73 Railway - 2 7 7 - 1 Waterway - - 1 1 - - Structure (%) Number of cases 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Roadway 95,0 94,7 90,7 92,0 92,1 93,5 Railway 2,5 2,5 2,6 4,2 1,2 1,3 Waterway 2,5 2,8 6,7 3,8 6,7 5,2 Number of fatalities 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Roadway 96,0 97,2 94,0 92,3 98,3 96,2 Railway 3,5 2,8 3,9 6,1 1,3 1,3 Waterway 0,5 - 2,1 1,6 0,4 2,5 48 Item 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Number of injured 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Roadway 100,0 99,3 96,3 95,8 100,0 98,6 Railway - 0,7 3,2 3,7 - 1,4 Waterway - - 0,5 0,5 - - Table 26: General education by grade Item 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Number of schools (school) 595 602 604 605 605 605 - Primary 279 279 279 279 280 279 - Middle 273 273 273 273 272 272 - Secondary 43 50 52 53 53 54 Number of classes (class) 8.857 8.687 8.577 8.604 8.704 8.779 - Primary 4.186 4.129 4.131 4.160 4.327 4.396 - Middle 3.361 3.186 3.099 3.069 3.051 3.081 - Secondary 1.310 1.372 1.347 1.375 1.326 1.302 Number of teachers (Person) 13.899 14.550 14.744 15.001 15.574 15.595 - Primary 5.367 5.746 6.006 6.184 6.562 6.686 - Middle 6.366 6.354 6.204 6.180 6.057 6.163 - Secondary 2.166 2.450 2.534 2.637 2.955 2.746 Number of Pupils (pupil) 318.912 299.051 285.432 279.664 272.645 270.066 - Primary 122.809 119.154 116.639 117.058 117.645 117.258 - Middle 127.540 110.792 103.029 99.745 95.205 95.168 - Secondary 68.563 69.105 65.764 62.861 59.795 57.640 (Source: Statistical Office of Hai Duong province, 2011) Immunization Although the survey samples showed a relatively high child mortality rate, over 80 percent of household children under 12 had been immunized. With improved access to area health facilities after the road works, there could be an increase in the immunization rate among children, possibly reducing the child mortality rate. Close to 70 percent of household mothers had been immunized for tetanus when pregnant. 49 Tetanus injections are given to pregnant mothers to prevent neonatal tetanus, which occurs when women give birth in an unhygienic environment with un-sterilized instruments to cut the umbilical cord and the application of unclean materials on the cut cord. Socioeconomic conditions of the project affected households. 2.3. Household Socioeconomic survey The purpose of the socioeconomic survey from a sample of the affected DPs is to provide baseline data of DPs to assess resettlement impacts, to make sure that the proposed entitlements are appropriate (through livelihood development activities) to meet with the objectives and principles of OP 4.12 of the World Bank, and to be used for resettlement monitoring in the RP implementation phase. The main information collected through SES includes: Household head: name, sex, age, livelihood or occupation, income, education and ethnicity; Household members: number, livelihood or occupation, school age children and school attendance, and literacy, disaggregated by gender; vulnerable group, community health and community physical infrastructures and social services etc. Living conditions: access to water, sanitation and energy for cooking and lighting; ownership of durable goods; and Access to basic services and facilities. Results of the SES survey for the households are described in the project RPs and summarized as Annex 2 “Results of SES from the project affected householdsâ€? to this report. 3. Stakeholder and Institutional Analysis 3.1. Identification of Key Stakeholders The stakeholders‘ identification related to SIA and its implementation considering based on the following questions: ï‚· Who involve in the project identification and construction, including the financier and the borrower? ï‚· Who will be making the decisions related to the different aspects of the project? ï‚· Who will manage for the project operation and maintenance? ï‚· Who may potentially benefit from the project? ï‚· Who might be adversely impacted by the project? ï‚· Who are the vulnerable groups? ï‚· Who can influence, positively or negatively, the outcome of the proposed Project? ï‚· Who will be implementing the project (construction, implementing EMP, RP, SIA etc). 50 ï‚· Who will be supervising, monitoring and evaluate for the implementation of the different aspects of the project development. ï‚· What are the relationships among stakeholders? Stakeholders are defined as those who have an interest or a stake in the Project, including ―those who are likely to be affected by the project as well as those who may have an influence over the project‖. Form the above descriptions, the stakeholder groups identified and taken into consideration in this SIA are as follows: ï‚· The Decision making Agencies from the Central Government to the commune levels (MOT, PMU3, PCs of the province to the commune; DOT; MONRE, DOF; District Compensation and Resettlement Committees etc.). ï‚· Population of the communes along the project route of Thai Binh, Hung Yen and Hai Duong Provinces, including the land acquisition affected people and non-land acquisition affected people (but affected by others aspect of the project development) as well as vulnerable groups. ï‚· The project consultants for survey, project preparation and construction and operations. ï‚· Users of transport services, most notably non-owner end users at the village, commune, district and provincial level. ï‚· Owners of motorized vehicles used for the transport of either freight or very rarely passengers. ï‚· Operators of Passenger and Freight Vehicles – Public and Private. ï‚· The lender and borrower for the project development. ï‚· Local NGOs Stakeholder analysis forms the one of an important part of the SIA and it is used to study about the alternatives of the project to mitigate for the adverse impacts and to prepare for a mitigation plan to the potentially negative impacts. Of these identified stakeholders, local communities make up the largest group, and they have been analyzed in detail including their socio-economic conditions as well as their absorptive capacity. The Consultant also sought to inform, consult, and carry out a dialogue with key stakeholders on matters regarding project design, objectives, and implementation features, including the formulation of development strategies, the identification of priorities, and social and environmental mitigation measures. The list of stakeholders as described above have also discussed with the provincial authorities and sample of people along the project route they see that the identification of stakeholders by the SIA consultant is acceptable. 51 3.2. Assessment of Interests and Influence of Stakeholders The matrix below summarizes the key stakeholders‘ characteristics, interests, and relative levels of influence: Table 27: Assessment of Interests and Influence of Stakeholders Stakeholder Relevant Social And Institutional Interest Influences Categories Stakeholders Characteristics Interest in developing projects that will International development improve the supply organization tasked by chain in the project World Bank member countries with area and thereby High Financier improving livelihoods and contribute to greater reducing poverty. levels of economic growth and poverty reduction. Government of Strong interest in new Vietnam development and (GOV) and The Borrower and improvement of a MOT, responsible for transport transport network, Government MONRE, sector infrastructure stimulating further High Policy-makers MOF; Project (development and economic Provincial management). development, and People assisting poverty Committees reduction. and PDOTs. Strong interest in The PMU3 under MOT, effectively manage for and its Consultants for the project: implement PMU3 under survey, design, for Project the project MOT and safeguards etc, Implementing successfully and a Consultants responsible for managing High Agency and its scheduled and with for the project the implementation the consultants environmental and at all levels project including social sound as construction resettlement, sustainable EMP, SIA . development. In charge of development Interest in receiving planning, including that of investment for the transport sector within the developmental in the Provincial province. Direct their locality including for a People‘s relevant departments to transport network coordinate with the High PC authorities Committees which considered that and other (PPCs) PMU3 to prepare and will have a great Interested implementing the RP, contribution to Groups in EIA as well as pay a role economic development Public Sector of settling for the and poverty reduction. complaints at the 52 Stakeholder Relevant Social And Institutional Interest Influences Categories Stakeholders Characteristics provincial level. MOT: In charge of developing and managing the provincial transport infrastructure at their level, Interest in contributing review and give feedback to the project to RP, EIA for the project. preparation and Review and propose to the implementation as PPC to approve on land well as management acquisition for the project, the project in the Provincial operational phase. compensation plans, Departments planning of the Interested in helping (PDOTs, resettlement site and the project affected DONRE, Medium approve for bidding communities and DOF, DOC, related to the resettlement affected households to DOC, DARD sit construction. These access to the project etc) departments also involving benefits. to design and Interested in managing implementing the income the impacts on restoration activities; environment and settling for the complaint social as sustainable at the provincial level. way. Supervise and monitor of implementing the EMP etc. Interested in working for the project in phases of preparation and implementation. Organization of their commune authorities and their relevant departments to participate to the Interest in receiving project cycle especially to investments to District the areas of land improve transport Authorities acquisition, infrastructure in their and their compensation, assistance Medium districts to help with relevant and resettlement; mitigate the economic Departments for the construction and development and operations impacts and poverty reduction.. maximize of the project benefits to the districts. The district is also involve with settling for the complaint from the communities and from local people related to the project implementation 53 Stakeholder Relevant Social And Institutional Interest Influences Categories Stakeholders Characteristics (implementing RP, EMP, construction etc) This is a lowest administrative level, the communes are interested with the project development through their communes and the commune authorities is a key linked level between Interest in receiving the stakeholders and their investments to people. The commune improve transport Commune will play an important infrastructure in their authorities and low role of organizing the communes to help communities consultation and with the economic participation of grassroot development and level as well and to help poverty reduction.. with land acquisition, resettlement, control the other adverse impacts in their localities and as the first level to deal with the complaints from their people. Already have a good Interested in gaining system of rural road and access to new roads other rural infrastructures and improvement through a program of new roads for their rural development of the economic development Government. Still have activities (more the poor conditions of services, more physical infrastructures in opportunities of Local several communes. business etc) and for Beneficiaries/ authorities, Potential of increasing the improving their Adverse Low local accidents. standard of living. Impacts communities Impacts on land Interested in acquisition for the project. mitigation measures Impacts by the for minimizing the construction (dust, environmental and potential accidents, short social impacts through term disturbance to the phases of the project business and other construction and activities) implementation. 54 Stakeholder Relevant Social And Institutional Interest Influences Categories Stakeholders Characteristics Mainly overlap with local community in general, but includes those who do not live in project area. All interested in Non-owner and-users, gaining access to such as passengers and better transport bus, truck services and infrastructure. Users of public and private firms Interested in provision Transport that use transport services. of cheaper, faster, Infrastructure Non-owner operators safer, and more (Includes: (hired drivers for their convenient transport users of buses, trucks etc). services. transport Low Owners of vehicles, Interest in improved services; including both owners of transport infrastructure owners of private vehicles and that will save their vehicles; and commercial vehicles time and provide more providers of (including enterprises that comfort. transport use their own vehicles for services) Interested in transport of inputs and improving a transport products). infrastructure that will Many users may not save their operating follow the transport costs. regulation (such as do not wear the helmet; drive after drink beer or alcohol or bus and trucks are overloaded etc. Interest in gaining access to better PDOT joint Larger-scale enterprises transport infrastructure stock operated by PDOTS to Medium but not necessarily to companies. provide transport services the lowering of transport costs. Those who Those who are located Interested with fair will be right along proposed compensation and affected by project that will require assistance for the Adversely Resettlement resettlement or land livelihood Affected Low and Land acquisition. restoration/improveme Persons Acquisition Characteristics vary nt. among ―Local depending on location, Interested in Population in but general characteristics implementing for the 55 Stakeholder Relevant Social And Institutional Interest Influences Categories Stakeholders Characteristics General‖, are same as ―Local mitigation measures to impacted by Communities in General‖ the potentially adverse construction mentioned above. impacts. and operations Those who would be as mentioned affected by the above. construction and operational activities such as noise, vibration, dust etc. They may involved in Women Those are institutions monitoring and Union, Farther formed from different evaluation of the social Local NGOs Front, Famer groups and representative safeguards preparation Low Association for the different groups of and implementation as etc. society. well as settling for the social conflicts. Through the public consultation, in general, all of the key stakeholder groups expressed their supports to the project, expressed their interest in improving for the transport infrastructure in the Project Provinces. A result of consultation will be described in a section below. 4. CONSULTATION WITH AND PARTICIPATION OF STAKEHOLDERS The results of consultation and participation of stakeholders for the different aspects of the project preparation are described as below. The consultation with and participation of stakeholders to EIA and EMP is described separately in the project EIA and EMP. From January to March-2013, series of meetings were held with the Provincial Departments, the District People‘s Committees, Leaders and members of affected commune officials, district compensation and Site Clearance committees, key district departments (environment and land management, agriculture, industry and commerce, labour, invalids and social affairs), farmer‘s associations, vocational training centres, agricultural extension centres, local banks or credit/loan institutions, some local NGOs etc. Members from the Viet Nam Women‘s Unions at the district level were also consulted specifically on economic restoration programs for the affected women and with regard to their capacity in planning and implementing economic restoration programs as well as gender issues related to the project development. Many meetings were also held with the DPs before the resettlement team carries out for the SES and IOL in each affected commune. The objectives of consultation in phase of preparing for the RP and SIA were to initially inform and discuss with the authorities of the project provinces, districts and communes, affected districts and communes about the project, objectives and principles on land acquisition, compensation, 56 allowances and special assistance to poor and vulnerable groups according to the policies of Viet Nam and WB safeguards policy and requirements, preparation of resettlement plan, schedule for the socioeconomic survey, IOL and information needs for preparing the RP as well as to obtain the feedback of stakeholders about their behaviour to the project, concerns and suggestions. The meetings with the DPs, other stakeholders and Representatives of local authorities, communes focused on the following issues: ï‚· General information on the project ï‚· Show at the meeting a project map and disclose the list of the project affected districts, communes; scope of land acquisition and resettlement impacts. ï‚· Potential of the project impacts on land acquisition, environment and social aspects. ï‚· Objectives and principles of RP according to the requirements of GOV and the WB‘s policy on social safeguards. ï‚· Schedules of socioeconomic survey and IOL ï‚· Livelihood restoration ï‚· Compensation and relocation modes (options to cash or in kind compensation) ï‚· Gender issues in RP; ï‚· Mechanisms of participation, complaint, monitoring and evaluation through all phases of RP preparation and implementation. ï‚· Feedback on the mitigation measures for the potentially social adverse impacts and other potential impacts through the different phases of the project implementation. ï‚· Plenary session and group discussion, Q&A Copies of compensation and resettlement pamphlet for the first round of consultation were distributed to all participants (Pamphlet is attached to this report as Annex 3). Details of Consultation are given as in Annex 4. Results of consultation. A summary of the issues discussed and main feedback from the meetings are as below: - Most of people and communities in the project areas proposed that the project would be very positive impacts to the localities and communities. Especially for the economic development and poverty reduction. - Need the project to be constructed soon because they heard about the project for a long time but no progress, making local people in a difficult situation, they are waiting and cannot make decision that they should or should not improve for their existing houses. - Compensation need to be fair and need resettlement and income restoration assistance. 57 - Need assistance to the vulnerable groups such as the old people, disable, the women Headed Households. - People proposed that the drainage system need to be improved and the project need to be constructed as schedule, not to delay the project construction to minimize social impacts to the project communities. - The information related to the project need to be disseminated to the project communities such as the routes, schedule, contractors of the project, environmental and social impact mitigation measures, mechanisms of participation, monitoring and evaluation and grievances etc. Based on meetings and interviewed held with the local authorities, below is the summary of potential planned programs in the area that the Project can use during an implementation phase of income restoration activities. Potential Activities Raised by Households As a result of consultation with the local authorities, various organizations and affected households, the following farm-based and non-farm based activities/programs are listed for consideration in the planning of a responsive income restoration program that will cater to the needs and preparedness of each eligible household: ï‚· Piloting of selected production and income generating opportunities that are endorsed by the province and district. Vocational training and non-farm based employment should be first priority. ï‚· Intensive agricultural production for farmers who still have remaining productive land. ï‚· Skills training program for persons wishing to receive training on selected fields. The training should be on (i) vocational courses; (ii) intensive farming; (iii) animal husbandry; (iv) aquaculture; (v) managing small business. ï‚· For households who wish to venture into small businesses, the Project will explore possible seminars on entrepreneurship (idea generation and visioning, basic sales, marketing and finance management). Based on meetings and interviewed held with the local authorities, below is the summary of potential planned programs in the area that the Project can use during an implementation phase of income restoration activities. Potential Activities Raised by Households As a result of consultation with the local authorities, various organizations and affected households, the following farm-based and non-farm based activities/programs are listed for 58 consideration in the planning of a responsive income restoration program that will cater to the needs and preparedness of each eligible household: ï‚· Piloting of selected production and income generating opportunities that are endorsed by the province and district. Vocational training and non-farm based employment should be first priority. ï‚· Intensive agricultural production for farmers who still have remaining productive land. ï‚· Skills training program for persons wishing to receive training on selected fields. The training should be on (i) vocational courses; (ii) intensive farming; (iii) animal husbandry; (iv) aquaculture; (v) managing small business. ï‚· For households who wish to venture into small businesses, the Project will explore possible seminars on entrepreneurship (idea generation and visioning, basic sales, marketing and finance management). The environmental impact assessment and EMP are described in EIA and EMP of the project reports and not to be repearted in this SIA. 5. PROJECT IMPACTS AND ISSUES 5.1. Expected Impacts Due to Land Acquisition 5.1.1. Section Trieu Duong – Hung Ha - There are 364 household are affected on residential land with a total area of 13,447 m2. - There are 8 households would be affected on garden land with a total area of 577 m2. - There are 229 households would be affected on productive land with a total area of 20,258 m2 - There are 86 households would be affected with more than 10 % of the productive land. - There is seven household would be fully affected on house and with a house area of 322 m2 - There would be 20 households partially affected on houses with a total area of 203 m2. - The public works affected are described as in table 28 below. Table 28: The public land and public works would be affected by the project Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Residential land Commune PC m2 - 1. Thien 2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m 365 Phien, Tien Lu district, Religious land Commune PC m2 - Hung Yen 2 Cemetery land Commune PC m - province 2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m - 59 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Annual crop land Commune PC m2 - Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 - 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m - 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m - Electric pole Tien Lu Power Service Pole - Power wire Tien Lu Power Service m - Residential land Commune PC m2 - 2 Specific Use Land Trieu Duong Post m 13.4 2 Religious land Commune PC m - Cemetery land Commune PC m2 - 2 2. Tan Le, Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m - Hung Ha, Annual crop land Commune PC m 2 23.7 Thai Binh Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 568.7 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m - Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 1,247.3 Electric pole Hung Ha Power Service Pole 26.0 Power wire Hung Ha Power Service m 80.0 Residential land Commune PC m2 125.8 Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 - 2 Religious land Commune PC m - 2 Cemetery land Commune PC m - 3. Hung Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 - Nhan town, 2 Hung Ha, Annual crop land Commune PC m 1,376.7 Thai Binh Perennial crop land Commune PC m 2 - Fish pond land Commune PC m2 - 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m - Electric pole Hung Ha Power Service Pole 30.0 Power wire Hung Ha Power Service m 120.0 Residential land Commune PC m2 - 2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m - 4. Tan Hoa, Religious land Commune PC m2 - Hung Ha, 2 Thai Binh Cemetery land Commune PC m - 2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m - Annual crop land Commune PC m2 - 60 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 - Fish pond land Commune PC m2 - 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m - Electric pole Hung Ha Power Service Pole 29.0 Power wire Hung Ha Power Service m 100.0 Residential land Commune PC m2 - 2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m - 2 Religious land Commune PC m - Cemetery land Commune PC m2 - 2 5. Lien Hiep, Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m - Hung Ha, Annual crop land Commune PC m2 - Thai Binh 2 Perennial crop land Commune PC m - 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m - Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 - Electric pole Hung Ha Power Service Pole 38.0 Power wire Hung Ha Power Service m 160.0 Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 6. Phuc Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Khanh, Hung Ha, Annual crop land Commune PC m2 261.4 Thai Binh Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 Electric pole Hung Ha Power Service Pole 12.0 Power wire Hung Ha Power Service m 60.0 Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 7. Thai Religious land Commune PC m2 Phuong, Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Hung Ha, Thai Binh Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 628.0 2 Perennial crop land Commune PC m 61 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 Electric pole Hung Ha Power Service Pole 30.0 Power wire Hung Ha Power Service m 60.0 Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific Use Land Hung Ha Passenger Bus Station m2 114.0 2 Religious land Commune PC m Cemetery land Commune PC m2 8. Hung Ha Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 95.3 town, Hung 2 Ha, Thai Annual crop land Commune PC m Binh Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 Fish pond land Commune PC m2 616.5 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m Electric pole Hung Ha Power Service Pole 40.0 Power wire Hung Ha Power Service m 90.0 Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 137.0 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 9. Minh Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Khai, Hung Ha, Thai Annual crop land Commune PC m2 294.8 Binh Perennial crop land Commune PC m 2 2.3 Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 Electric pole Hung Ha Power Service Pole 20.0 Power wire Hung Ha Power Service m 50.0 Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 10. Hong Linh, Hung Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Ha, Thai Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Binh Annual crop land Commune PC m2 3,535.5 Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 3.0 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m 62 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 Electric pole Hung Ha Power Service Pole 40.0 Power wire Hung Ha Power Service m 80.0 Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 11. Minh Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Tan, Dong Hung, Thai Annual crop land Commune PC m2 640.0 Binh Perennial crop land Commune PC m 2 525.0 Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 122.0 Electric pole Dong Hung Power Service Pole Power wire Dong Hung Power Service m 5.1.2. Section Vo Hoi – Diem Dien - There are 135 household are affected on residential land with a total area of 5,271.9 m2. - There are 14 households would be affected on garden land with a total area of 4,326 m2. - There are 270 households would be affected on productive land with a total area of 63,445.2m2 - There are 143 households would be affected with more than 10 % of the productive land. - There are 9 households would be fully affected on house and with a house area of 358 m2 - There would be 16 households partially affected on houses with a total area of 158 m2. - The public works would be affected describe as below: Table 29: The public land and public works would be affected by the project Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Residential land Commune PC m2 None Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 None 2 Religious land Commune PC m None 1. Dong 2 Cemetery land Commune PC m None Kinh Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 None Annual crop land Commune PC m2 1,000 Rice Commune PC m2 1,000 63 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 None 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m None 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m 300 Electric pole Dong Hung Power Service Pole 6 Power wire Dong Hung Power Service m 60 2 Residential land Commune PC m None Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 None Religious land Commune PC m2 None 2 Cemetery land Commune PC m 100 2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m None 2 Annual crop land Commune PC m 981 2. Dong Rice Commune PC m2 981 Tan Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 None Fish pond land Commune PC m2 None 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m 702 2 110KV Substation Dong Hung Power Service m 5 110KV Substation Dong Hung Power Service Site 1 Electric pole Dong Hung Power Service Pole 22 Power wire Dong Hung Power Service m 160 Residential land Commune PC m2 None 2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m None 2 Religious land Commune PC m None Cemetery land Commune PC m2 None Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 None 3. Thai Annual crop land Commune PC m2 7,554 Giang Rice Commune PC m 2 7,554 2 Perennial crop land Commune PC m None 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m None Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 696 Electric pole Thai Thuy Power Service Pole 10 Power wire Thai Thuy Power Service m 100 4. Thai Residential land Commune PC m2 None Son Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 None 64 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Religious land Commune PC m2 None 2 Cemetery land Commune PC m None 2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m None Annual crop land Commune PC m2 2,363 Rice Commune PC m2 2,363 Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 99 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m None 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m 329 Electric pole Thai Thuy Power Service Pole 10 Power wire Thai Thuy Power Service m 60 2 Residential land Commune PC m None Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 None Religious land Vy Long Pagoda m2 3,433 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 None 2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m None 2 5. Thai Annual crop land Commune PC m 3,394 Duong Rice Commune PC m2 3,394 Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 125 Fish pond land Commune PC m2 None 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m 500 Electric pole Thai Thuy Power Service Pole 6 Power wire Thai Thuy Power Service m 90 2 Residential land Commune PC m None 2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m None Religious land Commune PC m2 None Cemetery land Commune PC m2 None Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 189 6. Thai 2 Annual crop land Commune PC m 10,970 Thuy 2 Rice Commune PC m 10,970 Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 30 Fish pond land Commune PC m2 920 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 320 Electric pole Thai Thuy Power Service Pole 6 65 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Power wire Thai Thuy Power Service m 50 2 Residential land Commune PC m None Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 None Religious land Commune PC m2 None 2 Cemetery land Commune PC m None 2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m None 2 7. Thuy Annual crop land Commune PC m 3,215 Lien Rice Commune PC m2 3,215 Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 None Fish pond land Commune PC m2 508 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m 6,436 Electric pole Thai Thuy Power Service Pole 13 Power wire Thai Thuy Power Service m 119 2 Residential land Commune PC m None 2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m None Religious land Ngoai Trinh Pagoda m2 20 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 None Other non-agricultural land Thai Thuy Passenger Bus Station m2 442 2 8. Thuy Annual crop land Commune PC m 3,075 Ha Rice Commune PC m 2 3,075 Perennial crop land Commune PC m2 None Fish pond land Commune PC m2 None Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 None Electric pole Thai Thuy Power Service Pole 19 Power wire Thai Thuy Power Service m 90 2 Residential land Commune PC m None 2 Specific Use Land Commune PC m None 2 Religious land Commune PC m None 9. Diem Cemetery land Commune PC m2 None Dien Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 None Annual crop land Commune PC m2 None 2 Perennial crop land Commune PC m None 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m None 66 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 None Electric pole Thai Thuy Power Service Pole 3 Power wire Thai Thuy Power Service m 40 5.1.3. Section Quan Goi – Yen Lenh There are a total of 749 HHs would be affected; of which: ï‚· There are 216 households are affected on residential land with a total area of 7,159.7 m2. ï‚· There are 5 households would be affected on garden land with a total area of 1,185 m2. ï‚· There are 536 households would be affected on productive land with a total area of 87,693.4m2. ï‚· There are 237 households would be affected with more than 10 % of the productive land. ï‚· There is 11 households would be fully affected on house and with total area of 385 m2. With 11 households who would be fully affected on residential land with houses on residential plots. Therefore, no resettlement site construction would be arranged, but cash compensation for residential land plus bonus to self-resettlement as per policies of GOV and the project provinces. The consultation with local people and commune authorities of the localities with the households who are fully affected on houses learned that the affected households could buy residential land in the commune to construct for their new houses. ï‚· There would be 4 households partially affected on houses with a total area of 23 m2. ï‚· The public works affected are described as in table 30 below. Table 30: The public land and public works would be affected by the project Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 36 2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m 1. Minh Duc Annual crop land Commune PC m2 Rice Commune PC m2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m2 Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 26 67 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Electric pole My Hao Power Service pole 5 Electric wire My Hao Power Service m 30 Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 2,912 2. Hung Thinh Rice Commune PC m2 2,912 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 192 Electric pole Binh Giang Power Service pole 6 Electric wire Binh Giang Power Service m 50 Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 1,829 3. Vinh Tuy 2 Rice Commune PC m 1,829 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 86 Electric pole Binh Giang Power Service pole 5 Electric wire Binh Giang Power Service m 40 2 Residential land Commune PC m Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 4. Vinh Hong Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 339 68 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Rice Commune PC m2 339 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 289 Electric pole Binh Giang Power Service pole 7 Electric wire Binh Giang Power Service m 60 2 Residential land Commune PC m Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 193 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 562 5. Trang Liet 2 Rice Commune PC m 562 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 662 Electric pole Binh Giang Power Service pole 5 Electric wire Binh Giang Power Service m 40 2 Residential land Commune PC m Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 1,299 6. Thuc Khang Rice Commune PC m2 1,299 Perennial tree land Commune PC m2 Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 238 Electric pole Binh Giang Power Service pole 3 Electric wire Binh Giang Power Service m 20 Residential land Commune PC m2 7. Phu Ung Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 69 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 2,075 Rice Commune PC m2 2,075 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m 592 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 369 Electric pole An Thi Power Service pole 6 Electric wire An Thi Power Service m 50 2 Residential land Commune PC m 292 2 Specific use land Commune PC m 70 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 1,896 8. Bai Say 2 Rice Commune PC m 1,896 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m Fish pond land Commune PC m2 333 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 102 Electric pole An Thi Power Service pole 12 Electric wire An Thi Power Service m 80 2 Residential land Commune PC m Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 9. Tan Phuc Rice Commune PC m2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m2 Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 300 Electric pole An Thi Power Service pole 8 Electric wire An Thi Power Service m 60 70 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Transport land Nursery in Hung Yen province m2 60 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 CPC + Nursery in Hung Yen Annual crop land m2 1,731 10. Quang Vinh province Rice Commune PC m2 1,731 Perennial tree land Nursery in Hung Yen province m2 1,521 Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 329 Litchi tree Nursery in Hung Yen province tree 100 Electric pole An Thi Power Service pole 6 Electric wire An Thi Power Service m 30 Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 11. Hoang Hoa Annual crop land Commune PC m2 682 Tham Rice Commune PC m 2 682 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 93 Electric pole An Thi Power Service pole Electric wire An Thi Power Service m Residential land Commune PC m2 Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 12. An Thi town Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 5,328 71 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Rice Commune PC m2 5,328 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 263 Electric pole An Thi Power Service pole 8 Electric wire An Thi Power Service m 60 2 Residential land Commune PC m Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 126 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 4,657 13. Quang Lang 2 Rice Commune PC m 4,657 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m Fish pond land Commune PC m2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 758 Electric pole An Thi Power Service pole 3 Electric wire An Thi Power Service m 20 2 Residential land Commune PC m Specific use land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 Annual crop land Commune PC m2 1,030 4. Nghia Dan Rice Commune PC m2 1,030 Perennial tree land Commune PC m2 3,702 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 98 Electric pole Kim Dong Power Service pole 6 Electric wire Kim Dong Power Service m 40 Residential land Commune PC m2 15. Toan Thang Specific Use Land Commune PC m2 Religious land Commune PC m2 72 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity HT Industry - Agriculture Transport land m2 70 Techniques Co. Ltd Cemetery land Commune PC m2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 HT Industry - Agriculture Annual crop land m2 5,405 Techniques Co. Ltd HT Industry - Agriculture Rice m2 5,405 Techniques Co. Ltd HT Industry - Agriculture Perennial crop land m2 3,293 Techniques Co. Ltd Fish pond land Commune PC m2 HT Industry - Agriculture Irrigation canal m2 800 Techniques Co. Ltd HT Industry - Agriculture Concrete canal m2 800 Techniques Co. Ltd HT Industry - Agriculture Longan tree tree 390 Techniques Co. Ltd HT Industry - Agriculture Grape fruit tree tree 60 Techniques Co. Ltd Electric pole Kim Dong Power Service pole 9 Power wire Kim Dong Power Service m 70 5.1.4. Section 4 bridges on NH 38B There are a total of 223 HHs would be affected; of which: ï‚· There are 114 households are affected on residential land with a total area of 2,334.7 m2. ï‚· There is no household would be affected on garden land. ï‚· There are 108 households would be affected on productive land with a total area of 28,268.7m2. ï‚· There are 58 households would be affected with more than 10 % of the productive land. ï‚· There is 2 households would be fully affected on house and with total area of 250m2. With only two households who would be fully affected on residential land with houses on residential plots. Therefore, no resettlement site construction would be arranged, but cash compensation for residential land plus bonus to self-resettlement as per policies of GOV and the project provinces. The consultation with local people and commune authorities of the localities with the households who are fully affected on houses learned that the affected households could buy residential land in the commune to construct for their new houses. ï‚· There would be 9 households partially affected on houses with a total area of 89m2. 73 ï‚· The public works affected are described as in table 31 below. Table 31: The public land and public works would be affected by the project Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Residential land Commune PC m2 None Specific use land Commune PC m2 None 2 Religious land Commune PC m None 2 Cemetery land Commune PC m None Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 None 1. Doan Thuong Annual crop land Commune PC m2 None Perennial tree land Commune PC m2 None 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m None 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m 1,205 Electric pole Gia Loc Power Service pole 5 Electric wire Gia Loc Power Service m 40 2 Residential land Commune PC m None 2 Specific use land Commune PC m None 2 Religious land Commune PC m None Cemetery land Commune PC m2 None Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 None 2 2. Dong Quang Annual crop land Commune PC m None 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m None Fish pond land Commune PC m2 None Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 5,125 Electric pole Gia Loc Power Service pole 9 Electric wire Gia Loc Power Service m 120 2 Residential land Commune PC m None Specific use land Commune PC m2 None Religious land Commune PC m2 None 3. Thanh Mien Cemetery land Commune PC m2 None town m 2 None Other non-agricultural land Commune PC 2 Annual crop land Commune PC m 562 Rice Commune PC m2 562 Perennial tree land Commune PC m2 None 74 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity Fish pond land Commune PC m2 None 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m 1,246 Electric pole Thanh Mien Power Service pole 6 Electric wire Thanh Mien Power Service m 80 Residential land Commune PC m2 None Specific use land Commune PC m2 None 2 Religious land Commune PC m None 2 Cemetery land Commune PC m None Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m2 None Annual crop land Commune PC m2 986 4. Tu Cuong Rice Commune PC m2 986 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m None 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m None Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 1,026 Electric pole Thanh Mien Power Service pole 3 Electric wire Thanh Mien Power Service m 40 2 Residential land Commune PC m None 2 Specific use land Commune PC m None Religious land Commune PC m2 None Cemetery land Commune PC m2 None 2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m None 2 5. Cao Thang Annual crop land Commune PC m None Perennial tree land Commune PC m2 None Fish pond land Commune PC m2 None Irrigation canal land Commune PC m2 None Electric pole Thanh Mien Power Service pole 6 Electric wire Thanh Mien Power Service m 50 Residential land Commune PC m2 None 2 Specific use land Commune PC m None Religious land Commune PC m2 None 6. Quang Hung 2 Cemetery land Commune PC m None 2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m None 2 Annual crop land Commune PC m None 75 Commune Affected Assets Owner Unit Quantity 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m None 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m None 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m None Electric pole Phu Cu Power Service pole 3 Electric wire Phu Cu Power Service m 60 2 Residential land Commune PC m None Specific use land Commune PC m2 None 2 Religious land Commune PC m None Cemetery land Commune PC m2 None 2 Other non-agricultural land Commune PC m None 2 7. Doan Dao Annual crop land Commune PC m None 2 Perennial tree land Commune PC m None 2 Fish pond land Commune PC m None 2 Irrigation canal land Commune PC m None Electric pole Phu Cu Power Service pole 8 Electric wire Phu Cu Power Service m 100 5.2. Project Risks 5.2.1. Negative Impacts on Project Area’s Economic Activity The general construction activities associated with Project implementation will also potentially disrupt economic activities within the Project area. Particularly, road construction is likely to disrupt productive activities in the Project area by: ï‚· Requiring through traffic to take different routes or reducing the number of lanes that can be used; ï‚· Limiting the sales of the stores, restaurants, and other businesses along the roads due to land acquisition; ï‚· Impeding the flow of outside resources into the Project area; and ï‚· Impeding the flow of products from the Project area to outside for sales; The construction period may have more indirect negative impacts on the area‘s economic activities associated with the direct impacts mentioned above. 5.2.2. Gender The Project impact relates to increased risks of exposure to HIV/AIDS and trafficking of women and children during construction and post construction phase due to large volumes of transit 76 traffic along the road. Women are at bigger risk to be posed by HIV/AIDS, road safety and possible human trafficking than man. Additionally, poor women and female-headed households in the Project area are at risk to suffer economically losing productive assets (houses, business, farm land) due to land acquisition. Further, the fact that significantly larger burden is on women than on men in terms of housework allocation (thus not as much free time for women compared to men) and the traditional preference for males may create the situation where women tend to be excluded from receiving project‘s benefits or from having their voice heard at each stage of the project without prop er measures for actively involving women. The lack of off-farm employment opportunities is one of the most concerned issues in the Project Area. With the region‘s population heavily relying on agricultural activities to make their living, the employment opportunities are highly seasonal, and the lack of skills and low education attainment are further limiting the ability of the population to obtain off-farm jobs for income generation. The construction works that require specific construction knowledge and skills may not be appropriate for the general local population, and heavy physical works may not be suitable for women in terms of their capability. This would bring additional burden on women. 5.2.3. Impacts on Vulnerable Groups Impacts on the vulnerable groups, who are also impacted by resettlement or displacement: No ethnic minority members or handicapped people were identified among the people who will be directly affected by resettlement or displacement in the Resettlement Plan. Impacts on the vulnerable groups, who are not impacted by resettlement or displacement: There may be negative impact on those who are handicapped, as they typically have only small land holdings, if any, or work as hired agricultural worker; if they work as hired agricultural worker, some of them may lose their jobs if the employers‘ land is affected by the Project‘s resettlement. Potential impacts on women and female headed household and the poor families 5.3. Other Project Risks The other social impacts of the Project include spread of HIV/AIDS, human trafficking, traffic accidents, noise and dust pollution during the construction period. The project should take all these into consideration and prepare schedule to prevent or mitigate the anticipated negative impacts caused by the national highway construction. In phase of the project construction, many contractors would participate for constructing of the project and their workers, construction supervisors would come to the sites and would live with or close with the project communities. It would be potential impacts to the project communities. This impact and mitigation plans are described in the project EIA and EMP. 77 6. HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Drug Abuse, and Human Trafficking Public information efforts concerning HIV-AIDS have been successful in creating awareness about the disease among those in the survey sample. Over 98 percent of those queried had heard about the disease, 70 percent having heard from more than one source. The top mediums of information included TV (84 percent of respondents), Radio (60 percent of respondents) and Newspapers (24 percent of respondents). Other mediums included nurses, posters, relative and neighbors. Although a majority of people are aware of the disease, fewer people understand fully how the disease is spread. Of the respondents queried, 10 percent did not know how the disease was spread. Only 3 percent reported that HIV-AIDS is spread through a number of causes, including sex, blood contact or drug/needle injections. Close to 40 percent stated that the disease is spread through sex and drugs. Twenty per cent reported only one cause; either sexual contact, drug/needle injection, blood contact or respiration. When asked whether there was a vaccine for HIV-AIDS, 12 percent did not know while 3 percent said yes. Close to 84 percent knew that no vaccine for the disease existed at the time of survey. The following table shows the knowledge of HIV and AIDS transmission and availability of vaccines: Villagers would benefit from improved an understanding of HIV-AIDS through further information campaigns as the improved roads will increase their exposure to HIV-AIDS risks as their ability to travel to HIV-AIDS high risk areas improves and visits from outsiders from high- risk areas become more frequent due to better access and increased market opportunities. An increase in the transmission of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, particularly via prostitution, are risks commonly linked with major construction projects. These are more significant when the projects involve the movement of a large number of construction workers and their temporary residence on the site. In the case of this construction, it is anticipated that the workers for the construction will be from rural areas, and there will be large construction camps for workers. Associated risks include human trafficking and drug usage. The HIV/AIDS and human trafficking risks mentioned above relate particularly to women and children. The completed national highway will increase the movement of people in the areas along the alignment, and some have suggested that this would increase the potential exposure of women and children to exploitation and trafficking. 78 7. Traffic Accidents Injuries caused by traffic accidents are already a serious problem in Vietnam. Increased traffic volumes and speed and missing or wrongly located over- and underpasses may increase the risks for traffic accidents for local pedestrians and animals during the construction and operating phase of the project. 8. Dust and Noise Pollution It is also anticipated that the construction phase, as well as operation, of the Proposed National highway will result in increased dust and noise pollution for the local people in phases of the project construction and operation. Especially, in Viet Nam most of drivers are with a bad habit that they like using horn most of the time and especially, the truct drivers using a load horns, even late at night and in the populated areas. 9. Potential Temporary Impacts Outside labourer associated with construction activities may disrupt the local social order within the Project area, causing social tensions. When construction workers go into the Project areas, they stay there during the construction period, interacting with the local population. The movement of a group of construction workers can be followed by those who want to conduct business with them, possibly including commercial sex workers, which the local communities consider as ―social evils‖, as most of the workers are likely to be men away from their family. Guidelines for construction activities should bear this in mind and include sufficient mitigation measures. Facilitating communication between villagers and workers should also help reduce potential social tensions. 10. Perceived Impact and Desired Mitigation Measures by Stakeholders and Community Participation Resettlement: The affected people requested compensation of the partial or full land or house‘s loss in accordance with market price. They requested that the affected people be provided with assistance for finding new employments, job training for new jobs, suitable resettlement land/house to regain a stable life immediately. The affected people have made their living mainly by agricultural activities; they proposed that the resettlement site for the affected people should have agricultural land made available to them so that they can again make living by agricultural activities (i.e. they wish to have their land compensated with land, land-for-land compensation). Present it as a theme, for example: The means of compensation: Which districts or, communes asked for land-for-land/ compensation, which‘s one asked for money compensation? Other supports: 79 Which communes/ district/ percentage of people who asked for job opportunities/ training? What are people concerns of resettlement and compensation process?? For example: do they concern about the duration of the project, the way of compensation, the procedure ..etc. Poverty and Job Training: Even if there is not sufficient land to provide land-for-land compensation, the affected people still show willingness to support the Proposed Project in both focus group discussions with resettlement households. They are willing to participate in job trainings in order to take other occupations. While they prefer land-for-land compensation, they also feel that they may be able to have more stable income source if they are given appropriate skills training to take up a job for non land based activities. Gender: The responses received in the field indicate that the people in the Project area does not see gender issue as a problem. Concerns about the Project: The people in the Project Area expects that the Project will be implemented with a good management system, thus project workers be managed well to ensure that no conflict between the project workers and the residents in the Project Area takes place. They also hope that environmental issues related to the Proposed project, such as noise pollution, dust pollution and waste etc., will be well taken care of. 11. Perceived Overall Impact of Project The representatives of people who reside in the areas along the proposed alignment are generally supportive for the project. They expect that the project will result in significant social benefits, such as the availability of efficient and convenient transport, accelerated regional economic development, and improvement in the quality of living. Presently, economic relations and communications of the affected areas are largely limited because of the inconvenient traffic, so that the flows of materials, people and information are not smooth. The relations and communications between the affected areas and other areas is also restricted by the road condition. The construction of the project will improve the traffic condition thoroughly and will promote a series of procedures of industrial development. Make sure that resources can get out of the area and information can enter, and transform the predominance of potential resources to practical advantage to develop economy and improve people‘s life. Social benefits: The project can bring more job opportunities for local people during the project time, such as working along the project site. As a result, it can reduce the number of people to migrate to other cities or provinces to work. Improving the social services, such as, better transportation system. Promote the local economy: by attract tourists, or people to come and open their businesses. 80 Quality of life: Improving the health and safety for people: reduce the number of road accidents, decrease the time for travelling, less pollution, etc. Table 32: Potential adverse Impacts Potential Impacts Resettlement - Loss of means of living and social network. - Increased risks of exposure to HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted diseases, and human trafficking. Gender - Risk of women‘s voice/opinions not heard, thus not reflected in the project implementation Potential - Negative impact to communication community, disrupting their daily Restriction activities and social network during construction and operation phases. Access Ethnic No Ethnic Minorities in the project areas minorities - Typically with small land holdings, if any, or working as hired agricultural Handicapped workers, the risk of losing employment would be higher than non-handicapped. HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually - Spread of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases and drug use Transmitted spread. Diseases, - Human trafficking, especially impacting women and children. Drug Abuse, and Human Trafficking Traffic - Higher traffic speed and increased traffic potentially increases the risk of Accidents accidents as well as the severity of accidents. Dust and - Increase of dust and noise pollution for the local people during construction Noise phase. Pollution 12. Recommendations Mitigation Measures Critical Risk and Mitigation Measures: This chapter summarizes the potential adverse impacts during and after construction. Most of these adverse impacts will be covered by the RP and EMP. Although there were 3 adverse impacts identified that are not covered by the RP or EMP, the externalities will be mitigated through the expansion in economic growth that the road improvement program will entail. Nevertheless, this section also includes ideas and suggestions for additional mitigation of these potentially short term impacts. Project Implementation: The construction activities associated with project implementation pose a number of potential 81 critical risks to the social and economic well being of the populations within the project area. These potential negative impacts and recommended measures to mitigate such effects are discussed in brief below. Potential negative impacts 12.1.Negative Socio-economic Impacts on Populations Needing to Resettle The road widening activities associated with project implementation will require land acquisition that will potentially necessitate the relocation of some populations within the immediate vicinity of the project roads. The process of relocation will most likely cause immeasurable emotional stress on those needing to be resettled. Additionally, the relocation process may involve the loss of productive assets, as well as the disruption of productive activities, that could negatively impact the immediate and long run well being of the resettled populations. The Resettlement Plan (RP) will take into account these potential negative impacts and offer measures to minimize the ill effects of forced relocation. 12.2.Negative Impacts on Project Area Economic Activity The general construction activities associated with project implementation will also potentially disrupt economic activity within the project area. Particularly, road construction will most likely impede the flow of outside resources into the project area, as well as income- generating exports. Road construction may also have indirect negative impacts on local economic activity. The RP should address these potential negative impacts to as great an extent as possible through its compensation initiatives. Additionally, project design should take into account these potential negative impacts and attempt to minimize the disruptive effects of construction activities. The construction schedule for individual roads should be made readily available to the respective project area populations significantly in advance of the commencement of construction activities in order to allow these populations sufficient time to plan ahead for potential disruptions. 12.3.Increased Noise and Contamination There is a potential risk that construction activities will lead to excessive noise and contamination of the project area. Added pollution may result directly from road works, such as through increased dust, construction equipment emissions, and construction mishaps (e.g., oil spills, hazardous waste issues, etc.). The introduction of outside labor into the project area may also strain local water and waste removal systems, leading to project area contamination. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will address these potential negative impacts and provide corresponding mitigation measures. 12.4.Increased Exposure to Diseases Due to Potential Influx of Workers Outside labor associated with construction activities may introduce Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), as well as other types of diseases, into the project area. This would adversely 82 affect the health and general well being of project area populations.As a result, the EMP will take into account these potential negative impacts and provide corresponding mitigation measures. 12.5.Social disruptions/tensions from Potential Influx of Workers Involved in 12.5.1.Project Implementation Outside labor associated with construction activities may also disrupt the local social order within the project area, causing social tensions. Guidelines for construction activities should bear this in mind and include sufficient mitigation measures. Particularly, construction camps should include adequate social and utility services. Facilitating communication between villagers and workers should also help reduce potential social tensions. 12.5.2.Post Project Completion The successful completion of the project also includes a number of potential critical risks to the social and economic well being of the populations within and outside of the project area. These potential negative impacts and recommended measures to mitigate such effects are discussed in brief below. 12.5.3.Increased Incidence of Accidents Improvement in conditions along the project roads will allow motorized vehicles to travel at faster speeds. As a result, there is a critical risk that the incidence of accidents along these roads will increase. Similar improvements on the Vietnamese national highway linking Hanoi and Hai Phong, coupled with a lack of pedestrian underpasses, speed bumps or other traffic slowing features, resulted in high death rates. The EMP will address this risk and provide corresponding mitigation measures. 12.5.4.Increased Traffic-generated Pollution Future air quality impacts are likely due to growth in the volume of traffic carried by the improved project roads. This would adversely affect the health and general well being of project area populations. As a result, the EMP will take into account these potential negative impacts and provide corresponding mitigation measures. 12.5.5.Increased Exposure to Diseases Due to Improved Connectivity The transmission of diseases along previously undeveloped or less intensively traveled corridors have been identified in retrospect as a major unintended environmental consequence of road developments. In light of these possibilities some International Agencies is nowfinancing a program for the prevention of HIV/AIDS among mobile populations in the Greater Mekong Subregion and the East-West Corridor Project spanning Thailand, Lao People‘s Democratic Republic and Vietnam. The goals of these programs are to devise interventions to reduce disease transmission particularly sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) associated with road projects. The 83 EMP will take this into account and provide corresponding mitigation measures. 12.5.6. Development along Project Roads Investment in the project roads will most likely lead to inward migration to the project area due to the increased economic opportunities resulting from the road improvements. The population influx may strain the capacity of the infrastructure and land available in the project area in the short term. This would adversely affect the health and general well being of the project area population. Government officials should monitor post- project developments and increase the supply of related infrastructure to meet these increased needs as required. Investment in the roads connecting to the improved national highways likely will extend the economic opportunities resulting from the project to outlying areas, decreasing the incentive to migrate to the immediate project area. Especially, roads in agricultural areas increase value added of the production and facilitate the introduction of new techniques and technologies, thus improving rural household incomes and reducing poverty. Any negative impacts will thus be mitigated through the long-term impact of the improved road network. 12.5.7.Decrease in Land Availability Road development will lead to a small decrease in productive capacity within the project area in the long run due to the acquisition of formerly productive agricultural and/or commercial land. The RP addresses the short to medium-term decrease in project area productive capacity through direct compensation payments and other measures. Still, it is important to bear in mind that for any areas experiencing land acquisition, it is important to consider to what extent that the indirect productivity gains resulting from the project will compensate for any potential loss in long-run productive capacity. The RP shows that land acquisition for the project likely will be less than 25% of any landowner‘s holdings, thus negative indirecty impacts are expected to be minimal. The RP details the compensation measures required for the DPs. 12.5.8. Unsustainable Induced Development along Project Roads Investment in the project roads will most likely lead to inward migration to the project area due to the increased economic opportunities resulting from the road improvements. This population influx may strain the capacity of the infrastructure and land available in the project area. This would adversely affect the health and general well being of the project area population. Investment in capacity building in the project area would be required in order to ensure that this induced development is sustainable. Offsetting the above possible negative impacts, investment in the roads connecting to the improved national highways likely will extend the economic opportunities resulting from the project to outlying areas, decreasing the incentive to migrate to the immediate project area. 84 Stages of Proposed Mitigation Plan: 1. Monitor Population Growth within Project Area (part of Monitoring and Evaluation) 2. Evaluate Sustainable Capacity of Infrastructure within Communities Experiencing Significantly Accelerated Population Growth Post-project Completion 3. Implement Necessary Capacity-building Investments 12.5.9.Shift of Economic Factors to Project Area to the Detriment of Economic 12.5.9.1. Activity in Non-project Areas The increased expected returns resulting from the road investment will most likely lead to a shift of population and investment towards the project area and away from other non-project areas. This shift will most likely be beneficial to the overall national economy in the long run and could result in net capital inflows from abroad. While this shift of economic factors will likely result in a net gain for the economy of Vietnam, there may be some losers as a result. Particularly those that remain in any areas experiencing short-term outward migration and capital flight to the project area may experience adverse social and economic impacts as a result. Mitigation measures may be needed to dampen any potential economic and social shocks associated with this transition. Conversely, investment in the roads connecting to the improved national highways may extend the economic opportunities resulting from the project to outlying areas, decreasing the incentive to migrate to the immediate project area. Stages of Proposed Mitigation Plan: 1. Formulate Rural Road Rehabilitation Program to Complement VRAMP 2. Assess the Extent of Outward Migration to VRAMP Project Areas from Candidate Areas for the Rural Road Rehabilitation Program 3. Prioritize Rural Road Rehabilitation activities in Areas Experiencing Severe Negative Impacts from Outward Migration to VRAMP Project Areas 12.9.5.2. Poverty Alleviation Measures Government Strategy Reducing rural poverty is one of the highest priorities of the Government and a broad policy framework for Government efforts have been provided by the Hunger Eradication and Poverty (HERP) program launched in 1992. In recent years there is recognition within the Government that poverty is concentrated in certain areas and this is reflected in a more targeted approach to poverty reduction. Two programs have been launched recently to provide targeted assistance to poor communes: 85 The National Target Program on Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction for the Period 1998-2000, which is under the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA), but also involves other Ministries, and aims to target the poorest segments of the population in rural and urban areas; and The Socio-Economic Development Program for Especially Difficult Mountainous and Remote Communes, which is under the Committee for Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas (CEMMA), and also calls for orchestrated efforts and targeted resource provision in disadvantaged communes. Both programs identify 1,715 poorest communes (out of some 10,000 in total for the country) with a total population of 5.9 million as their primary target. Of them, 1,000 are selected as the first priority group. Activities supported under these programs include infrastructure development, improvement of social services, development of sedentary agriculture, and capacity building. At the CG meeting in Paris in December 1998, the Government requested assistance from all donors for these programs. The Government has also been promoting decentralization through a series of laws, decrees and regulations. The major guiding principle has been to give greater power, autonomy and responsibility to districts and communes. The new Budget Law also attempts to bring greater transparency and stability into financing for local development. At provincial level there is also greater awareness of the need to involve local communities in planning and implementation of development activities. The February 1998 Politburo Directive on Grassroots Democracy proposes that people at the community level should participate more actively in planning and decision making by (a) being better informed about the law, (b) participating in local decisions making before final decisions are made, and, (c) supervising, controlling, and evaluating the operations and activities of their local authorities. The following sections cover the general recommendations for complimentary measures that would expand the poverty alleviating impacts of the project. While some of these recommendations refer directly to project design, most involve separate actions that would require further investigation to fully assess their financial feasibility and practicality within the larger context of Vietnam‘s overarching development and poverty alleviation goals. On 30 January 2011 a Prime Minster issued a decision on the poverty lines for 2011-2015, Decision no. 09/2011/QD-TTg and with Articles as below. Article 1. To set norms on poor households and households in danger of falling into poverty for the 2011-2015 period as follows: 1. A rural poor household is a household with each member earning an average income of up to VND 400,000 per month (or VND 4,800,000 per year). 86 2. An urban poor household is a household with each member earning an average income of up to VND 500,000 per month (or VND 6,000,000 per year). 3. A rural household in danger of falling into poverty is a household with each member earning an average income of between VND 401,000 and VND 520,000 per month. 4. An urban household in danger of falling into poverty is a household with each member earning an average income of between VND 501,000 and VND 650,000 per month. Article 2. The poverty lines specified in Article 1 of this Decision serve as a basis for realizing social security policies and other socio-economic policies. Article 3. This Decision takes effect on 1st January, 2011. Article 4. Ministers, heads of ministerial-level agencies, heads of government-attached agencies, and chairpersons of People‘s Committees of provinces and centrally run cities shall implement this Decision. RESULTS SURVEY, REVIEW POOR AND NEAR-POOR HOUSEHOLDS IN 2011 (Attached to Decision No. 375/QD-LDTBXH dated 28th March, 2012 of the Ministry of Labour - Invalids and Social Affairs) Poor HH Near-poor HH No. Province/City No. of HHs No.of HHs % No.of HHs % Whole country 21.938.260 2.580.885 11,76 1.530.295 6,98 I North East mountain 2.417.909 507.911 21,01 231.726 9,58 1 Ha Giang 155.213 54.914 35,38 20.752 13,37 2 Tuyen Quang 186.798 54.313 29,08 24.461 13,09 3 Cao Bang 117.401 38.718 32,98 7.558 6,44 4 Lang Son 180.931 44.896 24,81 22.029 12,18 5 Thai Nguyen 291.390 48.620 16,69 31.873 10,94 6 Bac Giang 412.204 63.455 15,39 32.655 7,92 7 Lao Cai 144.355 50.939 35,29 17.591 12,19 8 Yen Bai 185.940 60.481 32,53 17.591 9,46 9 Phu Tho 358.770 59.367 16,55 38.620 10,76 10 Quang Ninh 313.032 15.294 4,89 9.189 2,94 11 Bac Kan 71.875 16.914 23,53 9.407 13,09 87 Poor HH Near-poor HH No. Province/City No. of HHs No.of HHs % No.of HHs % II North West mountain 618.203 204.136 33,02 74.661 12,08 12 Son La 239.995 75.229 31,35 27.670 11,53 13 Dien Bien 105.541 47.786 45,28 8.189 7,76 14 Lai Chau 78.067 30.351 38,88 7.864 10,07 15 Hoa Binh 194.600 50.770 26,09 30.938 15,90 III Red river delta 5.091.919 330.891 6,50 226.935 4,46 16 Bac Ninh 276.660 16.055 5,80 13.150 4,75 17 Vinh Phuc 260.927 22.681 8,69 13.984 5,36 18 Hanoi 1.598.332 50.149 3,14 26.755 1,67 19 Hai Phong 503.385 26.059 5,18 21.694 4,31 20 Nam Dinh 554.431 46.000 8,30 41.168 7,43 21 Ha Nam 240.701 25.702 10,68 18.161 7,55 22 Hai Duong 509.122 45.532 8,94 31.453 6,18 23 Hung Yen 316.353 26.639 8,42 17.117 5,41 24 Thai Binh 571.265 46.388 8,12 23.223 4,07 25 Ninh Binh 260.743 25.686 9,85 20.230 7,76 IV Old 4 area 2.609.556 476.994 18,28 359.651 13,78 26 Thanh Hoa 895.816 182.439 20,37 115.131 12,85 27 Nghe An 734.599 138.002 18,79 117.286 15,97 28 Ha Tinh 353.016 61.554 17,44 57.234 16,21 29 Quang Binh 213.221 45.130 21,17 30.685 14,39 30 Quang Tri 154.671 25.376 16,41 21.814 14,10 31 Thua Thien - Hue 258.233 24.493 9,48 17.501 6,78 V Central coastal area 1.968.495 285.217 14,49 197.065 10,01 32 Da Nang 227.150 6.766 2,98 13.029 5,74 33 Quang Nam 380.211 79.482 20,90 53.447 14,06 34 Quang Ngai 319.308 66.066 20,69 28.966 9,07 35 Binh Dinh 390.009 52.883 13,56 21.029 5,39 88 Poor HH Near-poor HH No. Province/City No. of HHs No.of HHs % No.of HHs % 36 Phu Yen 238.883 40.524 16,96 33.952 14,21 37 Khanh Hoa 268.841 20.006 7,44 32.913 12,24 38 Ninh Thuan 144.093 19.490 13,47 13.729 9,53 VI Central Highlands 1.181.128 219.892 18,62 69.290 5,87 39 Gia Lai 288.141 68.420 23,75 17.038 2,91 40 Dak Lak 398.273 69.261 17,39 28.760 7,22 41 Dak Nong 115.789 26.070 22,52 - - 42 Kon Tum 106.496 29.728 27,91 6.372 5,98 43 Lam Dong 272.429 26.413 9,70 17.120 6,28 VII South East 3.729.204 63.462 1,70 66.519 1,78 44 TP.HCM 1.824.822 109 0,006 16.437 0,90 45 Binh Thuan 278.740 21.218 7,61 11.252 4,04 46 Tay Ninh 276.212 11.788 4,27 9.866 3,57 47 Binh Phuoc 228.070 15.740 6,90 9.979 4,38 48 Binh Duong 253.588 22 0,01 - 49 Dong Nai 642.772 7.941 1,24 13.924 2,17 50 Ba Ria-Vung Tau 225.000 6.644 2,95 5.061 2,25 VIII Mekong river delta 4.321.846 492.382 11,39 304.448 7,04 51 Long An 366.875 21.142 5,76 17.866 4,87 52 Dong Thap 418.620 53.760 12,84 33.512 8,01 53 An Giang 526.503 41.281 7,84 32.045 6,09 54 Tien Giang 441.090 42.483 9,63 19.788 4,49 55 Ben Tre 361.591 45.661 12,63 21.993 6,08 56 Vinh Long 267.423 21.158 7,91 15.944 5,96 57 Tra Vinh 254.922 51.306 20,13 25.333 9,94 58 Hau Giang 191.735 37.203 19,40 21.752 11,34 59 Can Tho 295.215 19.530 6,62 15.921 5,39 60 Soc Trang 311.480 70.648 22,68 44.139 14,17 61 Kien Giang 401.937 29.066 7,23 24.221 6,03 62 Bac Lieu 194.284 29.714 15,29 17.718 9,12 63 Ca Mau 290.171 29.430 10,14 14.216 4,90 89 RESULTS SURVEY, REVIEW POOR AND NEAR-POOR HOUSEHOLDS IN 2011 AT 62 POOR DISTRICTS OF RESOLUTION 30A/2008/NQ-CP (Attached to Decision No. 375/QD-LDTBXH dated 28th March, 2012 of the Ministry of Labour - Invalids and Social Affairs) District/ No.of Poor HH Near-poor HH Province No. City, town HHs No.of HHs % No.of HHs % Ha Giang 1 Meo Vac 13.917 7.923 56,93 1.276 9,17 2 Ä?ong Van 13.672 8.648 63,25 2.186 15,99 3 Yen Minh 15.044 7.134 47,42 2.196 14,60 4 Quan Ba 9.737 4.473 45,94 2.052 21,07 5 Xin Man 11.774 6.494 55,16 1.874 15,92 6 Hoang Su Phi 12.193 5.945 48,76 1.971 16,17 Cao Bang 1 Ha Quang 7.468 2.889 38,69 644 8,62 2 Bao Lam 10.255 6.299 61,42 223 2,17 3 Bao Lac 9.598 6.086 63,41 527 5,49 4 Thanh Nong 4.876 2.969 60,89 142 2,91 5 Ha Lang 5.595 2.512 44,90 561 10,03 Bac Kan 1 Pac Nam 6.072 2.759 45,44 656 10,80 2 Ba Be 10.887 3.226 29,63 2.084 19,14 Lao Cai 1 Bac Ha 12.001 5.993 49,94 1.388 11,57 2 Si Ma Cai 6.261 3.370 53,83 968 15,46 3 Muong 11.382 6.320 55,53 2.124 18,66 Khuong Yen Bai 1 Tram Tau 4.995 3.861 77,30 359 7,19 2 Mu Cang Chai 8.918 7.170 80,40 490 5,49 90 District/ No.of Poor HH Near-poor HH Province No. City, town HHs No.of HHs % No.of HHs % Bac Giang 1 Son Dong 16.983 7.779 45,80 2.629 15,48 Phu Tho 1 Tan Son 19.020 6.880 36,17 3.701 19,46 Dien Bien 1 Dien Bien 10.917 6.374 58,39 912 8,35 Dong 2 Muong Ang 8.865 5.463 61,62 1.144 12,90 3 Muong Nhe 10.500 7.470 71,14 452 4,30 4 Tua Chua 8.883 6.241 70,26 622 7,00 Lai Chau 1 Phong Tho 13.562 5.810 42,84 2.660 19,61 2 Sin Ho 14.606 7.015 48,03 1.625 11,13 3 Muong Te 10.025 5.693 56,79 521 5,20 4 Tan Uyen 9.786 3.846 39,30 1.271 12,99 5 Than Uyen 11.481 4.000 34,84 915 7,97 Son La 1 Muong La 18.058 9.903 54,84 1.803 9,98 2 Quynh Nhai 12.879 5.221 40,54 1.496 11,62 3 Phu Yen 24.912 6.993 28,07 6.744 27,07 4 Bac Yen 11.514 4.602 39,97 1.091 9,48 5 Sop Cop 8.652 4.338 50,14 481 5,56 Thanh Hoa 1 Nhu Xuan 14.930 6.742 45,16 2.769 18,55 2 Thuong Xuan 20.740 8.103 39,07 4.043 19,49 3 lang Chanh 10.886 5.775 53,05 2.114 19,42 4 Ba Thuoc 25.124 9.851 39,21 4.437 17,66 5 Quan Hoa 10.283 4.721 45,91 2.222 21,61 91 District/ No.of Poor HH Near-poor HH Province No. City, town HHs No.of HHs % No.of HHs % 6 Quan Son 8.109 3.721 45,89 1.348 16,62 7 Muong Lat 7.238 4.095 56,58 1.180 16,30 Nghe An 1 Que Phong 14.339 7.245 50,53 984 6,86 2 Ky Son 13.867 10.053 72,50 1.425 10,28 3 Tuong Duong 16.165 10.542 65,21 1.100 6,80 Quang Binh 1 Minh Hoa 11.129 6.625 59,53 1.490 13,39 Quang Tri 1 Ä?aKrong 8.156 3.359 41,18 1.076 13,19 Quang Nam 1 Tay Giang 3.660 2.363 64,56 215 5,87 2 Phuoc Son 5.713 3.680 64,41 615 10,76 3 Nam Tra My 5.827 4.688 80,45 140 2,40 Quang Ngai 1 Tra Bong 7.885 4.446 56,39 2.080 26,38 2 Son Ha 19.185 10.895 56,79 2.830 14,75 3 Sons Tay 4.889 2.966 60,67 483 9,88 4 Minh Long 4.535 2.393 52,77 753 16,60 5 Ba To 13.780 6.284 45,60 1.785 12,95 6 Tay Tra 4.362 3.131 71,78 441 10,11 Binh Dinh 1 Van Canh 7.253 3.771 51,99 1.155 15,92 2 Vinh Thanh 8.412 4.588 54,54 1.307 15,54 3 An Lao 7.081 4.123 58,23 1.022 14,43 Ninh Thuan 1 Bac Ai 5.799 3.192 55,04 592 10,21 Kon Tum 1 Kon Plong 5.220 3.017 57,80 354 6,78 2 Tu Mo Rong 4.832 3.137 64,92 429 8,88 Lam Dong 1 Dam Rong 9.056 3.096 34,19 1.068 11,79 92 Direct Project Implementation Poverty Alleviation Measures There are a number of considerations that can be directly taken into account during project design that would enhance the poverty alleviating benefits of the proposed road investments. Recommended poverty alleviation measures, to be realized directly through project implementation, are discussed in brief below. Prioritize Directly Generated Project Employment Opportunities for the Poor Unemployment in the project area ranges between 30 and 50 percent. As a result, there is a large pool of labor within the project area that could be utilized for direct project construction and supporting activities. Of course, the degree to which this labor could be utilized would depend on the engineering requirements and design specifications of the recommended road rehabilitation measures. Prioritizing directly generated project employment opportunities for the poor would at least temporarily improve their well- being through the added income they would earn. Additionally, any savings and/or investment resulting from these added earnings would lead towards longer term gains for the poor. Improve the Lot of Impoverished Displaced Persons (DPs) Typically, resettlement plans (RPs) maintain the minimal goal of ensuring that the project does not inflict any economic damage on DPs. To the extent possible, the project RP will include measures aimed at improving the lot of impoverished DPs through direct payments Economic Impact Enhancement It is widely held in academic and professional circles that general economic growth is a strong means of alleviating poverty. To this end, there are a number of complimentary measures that can be taken to improve the overall economic benefits resulting from the proposed road investments. Recommended economic impact enhancement measures, to be realized during project implementation and after project completion, are discussed in brief below. Improve Traffic Flow Currently, there is a lot of congestion along the project roads due to the mix of traffic, which consists of primarily pedestrian and non-motorized local traffic as well as motorized through traffic. Road widening activities included in the project design are aimed at alleviating some of this congestion. In addition to these measures, the Government of Vietnam may wish to pursue a public information campaign aimed at ensuring that local traffic remains on road shoulders in order to allow for the freer flow of through traffic on the central portions of the project roads. Improving traffic flow will lower travel times and corresponding transportation costs, resulting in increased economic benefits from the project. Additionally, in some parts of Vietnam small poor farmers and poor retailers spread paddy and other grains on the paved roads to dry the crops. Having large areas of paved roads covered in drying crops is not an efficient method for crop drying nor does it promote efficient use of the national highway system. Small farmers and retailers need areas that are elevated to avoid inundations and floods where they can dry their crops safely without interfering with 93 the transport system. Efforts to provide such infrastructure, where needed, would also serve to improve traffic flow along the project roads. Strengthen Institutions Responsible for Routine Maintenance and Emergency Repair of Project Roads The Provincial Departments of Transportation (PDOTs) are primarily responsible for the routine maintenance and emergency repair of the project roads. All efforts should be made to ensure that these institutions are able to fulfill this mandate to maximize the long-run economic benefits resulting from the project road improvements. Institutional strengthening initiatives aimed at the PDOTs might include a review of their mission statements to ensure that they more actively promote improvements that benefit poor users of the roads under their jurisdiction, as well as a review of existing maintenance. Promote Increased Economic Productivity within the Project Area Populations Rice cultivation and other forms of agricultural production are the dominant forms of economic activity in the project area. Road improvements will primarily benefit these activities by lowering transportation costs, which in turn will ultimately lead to lower input costs and the increased profitability of exporting project area produce to non-local markets. It may be difficult for many of the farmers in the project area, particularly for the poor ones, to increase production above subsistence levels to the degree necessary to take advantage of the road improvements and increase their earnings by exporting surplus produce to outside markets. Investment in agriculture support services and infrastructure, as well as training in more productive cultivation techniques, would increase the ability of project area residents to take advantage of the Poverty Impact Enhancement Finally, there are a number of complimentary measures that can be taken to maximize the amount of project-related benefits that go to the poor. Recommended poverty impact enhancement measures, to be realized during project implementation and after project completion, are discussed in brief below. Promote Reforms in the Transportation Services Sector to Ensure that Project Generated Benefits are Passed on to Poor End Users The long distance passenger and freight transportation markets that function along the project roads are dominated by State-owned service providers. The fares that these service providers charge are typically below those that would be determined under perfect competition. In other words, the State subsidizes the use of transportation services. Efforts should be made to better target these subsidies towards poor transportation users. State-owned transportation service providers will benefit significantly from the project- related road improvements through the resulting reductions in transportation costs. These providers should be made to pass on at least part of these transportation cost savings to end users by lowering fares, particularly those paid by the poor. In the long term, measures to increase the degree of competition within the transportation markets along the project roads may also serve to increase 94 the amount of project-generated transportation cost savings captured by the poor. Expand Reach of Project Related Benefits into a Greater Number of Impoverished Areas Developing national highways that will ultimately promote political stability, growth and trade is a necessary step in reaching Vietnam‘s development and poverty reduction goals. However, if feeder roads are not improved, economic development patterns will be geographically distorted— favoring activities generating benefits for those close to the project roads. This will be at the expense of those farmers served by feeder roads more distant from the project roads and people in the pockets of poverty found at the extreme ends of the feeder roads. Improving these feeder roads will increase connectivity within the national transportation network and ultimately expand the reach of project benefits to a greater number of impoverished areas. Resettlement The resettlement plan should address the compensation and livelihood impact of the Project to eliminate potential poverty and social impact. The local governing authorities and the PMU3 must ensure that any involuntary resettlement will be carried out in accordance with the agreed Resettlement Plan, World Bank Operational Policies (OP 4.12), and the Government‘s laws and regulations on land acquisition, assistance and resettlement.. Impact on household economy: To meet the World Bank Policy requirements, payment for all assets (including land, structures, crops, and other assets) must be based on the of replacement cost with the assets value at full market price. Displaced people‘s living should be restored to at least the same level as that of prior to the displacement/ resettlement. In the community meeting, the local authorities expressed their appreciation with regards to the World Bank's policy to restore livelihood of the affected people and to assist poor and vulnerable households. Impacts on women: Resettlement Plan should include the Project‘s Gender Strategy, which ensures that women will receive benefit from the project. The gender strategy should includes several beneficial aspects, such as increasing women‘s participation in decision making and in livelihood training, and ensuring that compensation will be given to both men and women. The project supervision consultant will include specialists on social development to help monitor the management of gender-specific activities by the project Provincial People‘s Committee and to oversee implementation of the Resettlement Plan Implement EMP The PMU3, project Contractors and other stakeholders must follow the mitigation plan as proposed in EMP. As well as RP, the implementation of EMP need to be internally and externally monitored and evaluated. The quarterly reports on monitoring and evaluation need to be prepared and reviewed by the relevant Agencies of the World Bank and the GOV and disclosed at the offices of PC‘s of the Province to the Commune and accessi ble to anyone who are interested in the reports. Gender 95 The life skills training should be provided to increasing the gender equality perception of both male and female in the project area. Besides that, the occupational retraining course design for both male and female to eliminate risk of lost occupation due to project construction. To decrease the impact related to HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking of woman, the HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention of Human Trafficking awareness program should pay particular attention to women. Potential Restriction Access In order to minimize the negative impacts on the people living and working near the roads, a measure to maintain the connection of the locations between one side of the roads and the other side of the roads need to be made The optimum locations of crossing points should be determined during the design phase in close consultation with local communities and their representatives. Inadequate consultation with the local people in designing the underpass or overpass can create significant disruption in local peoples' livelihood system and social network. The Project should be formulated to minimize these potential risks. During construction works, contractors should provide and maintain clearly marked and protected passageways. Local people should be informed of any interruptions for traffic and on safety issues related to the works. Impacts on Vulnerable Groups There are impacts to the vulnerable groups such as female headed households, poor families, disable person, families enjoy the social policies etc. The additional assistance to these groups are described as in the RP and need to be implemented in a timely manner and to be closely monitored and evaluated to make sure that these groups could improve their livelihoods after the project construction. HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Drug Abuse, and Human Trafficking The project will need to address the needs for better dissemination of information on HIV/AIDS and other risks, such as drug abuse, and human trafficking. Under the Project, HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking Prevention Program (HATPP) should ensure that communities in project area are not subject to increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases, other risks as drug and human trafficking, and improved communication need to be controlled. The HIV/ADS program should include awareness campaigns at the construction sites and in the communities, developing peer educators and community monitoring combine with the prevention of human trafficking, awareness on safe migration, and community monitoring. Traffic Accidents The potential rise of traffic accidents due to speeding is one of the major concerns expressed by the local communities during the fieldwork. Appropriate traffic safety measures, such as road signs, enforcement of traffic safety laws/regulations, and awareness programs, will need to be implemented. 96 Dust and Noise Pollution For both the construction and operation phases, the Environment Management Plan should include mitigation measures to address dust and noise pollution issues and minimize any impacts on local residents. 13. Implementation Arrangements The PMU3 will be the owner of the project, the PMU3 would manage to implement the mitigation program, in cooperation with Provincial and District People Committees, Provincial Department of Labour, Invalid and Social Affairs, Provincial Steering Committee of HIV/AIDS, drug and prostitution, Vietnam Women's Unions, Vietnam Fatherland Fronts and Mass Organizations. A team of Project Implementation consultants will be engaged in building capacity of the implementing agencies, Women's Union Mass Organization and facilitating the implementation of the program. The structures for implementing for the RPs and EMP are decribed with details in RP and EMP of the project. The proposed for implementing mitigation measures and schedule for main impacts are given in table 33 below. 97 Table 33: Implementation for Main Proposed Mitigation Program Location No Content Recommendation 1 Life Skills Training Can be combined with Resettlement activities. Priority will be given to poor female-headed 1.1 Gender Equality households, especially for women who are unemployed or are housewives in the project districts Will be given to households living near the proposed national highway in the project 1.2 Road Safety awareness districts 2 2.1 Female The data on agriculture indicated both men and women have difficulty in transferring from the agricultural sector to other sectors, and these courses should assist those that are 2.2 Male negatively impacted by the project. The course should be undertaken in the Project 2.3 Handicapped provinces. The prevention of HIV/AIDS, Human Trafficking to be undertaken in the Project districts. Advocacy actions on HIV/AIDS and Trafficking Prevention to be organized through: i. Workshops targeting local resident communities in the project area, and targeted risk groups; Awareness of ii. Design of an HIV/AIDS and human trafficking information campaign to be implemented 3 HIV/AIDS, Trafficking along the road before and during the construction period; iii. Design and implementation of migration and human trafficking awareness campaign in the Communities in the Project districts. 98 Deatiled potential impacts and mitigation measures which assessed in EIA and EMP are shown as in Annex 5. Table 34: Implementation Schedule Number of programs No Content Note 2013 2014 2015 Total 1 Life Skills Training 1.1 Gender Equality 1 1 2 1 week per year 1.2 Road Safety awareness 1 1 2 Occupational 2 Training Courses 2.1 Female 1 1 1 3 3-6 2.2 Male 1 1 1 3 months per year 2.3 Handicapped 1 1 1 3 1 week per Awareness of HIV/AIDS, year 3 1 1 1 3 Trafficking 14. Budgeting Many mitigation activities are designed as in the RP and EMP such as restoration of income after land acquisition, assistance to the vulnerable groups, principles of fair compensation, mitigation of noise, vibration impacts by construction, safety issues etc. Table below roughly estimate about the cost for SIA (and will be revised and allocated by years with a revised SIA later) Table 35: Estimated Budget for Proposed Mitigation Program (USD) No Content Total 1 Life Skills Training 50,000 1.1 Gender Equality 20,000 1.2 Road Safety awareness 99 No Content Total 20,000 Occupational 2 Training Courses 135,000 2.1 Female 100,000 2.2 Male 20,000 2.3 Handicapped 15,000 Awareness of HIV/AIDS, 4 Trafficking 35,000 5 Implementation cost 20,000 Total (US$) 240,000 15. Monitoring and Evaluation 15.1. Introduction Monitoring and evaluation studies are usually conducted to check whether the overall project development objectives are met and the intended benefits in infrastructure development, socio- economic and environmental aspects are realized in the post project situation. Benefit monitoring and evaluation is normally carried through the following phases: The collection of benchmark information (also called baseline data) for each performance indicator identified to measure the benefits for the groups or sectors that will be impacted by a project. Benchmark data refers to conditions prior to an intervention, and is normally collected during the earliest phase of project implementation. Both current and target values should be established for each performance indicator. Collection and analysis of data related to performance indicator during the project life to ascertain whether the project is on the right track and any mid course correction in project scope or policies will be necessary to meet the targets. Evaluations carried out at project completion and in selected subsequent years to measure 100 the extent to which the intended benefits identified at the beginning of project implementation have been achieved. A project performance management System (PPMS) will be established for the purpose of benefit monitoring and evaluation. The PPMS will be executed through a structured process of data collection ranging from direct engineering, environmental, transport sector data to household level sample socio-economic data, data analysis and appropriate evaluation regarding achievement of targets set for the performance indicators. The PPMS will measure the project impacts in the areas of: Infrastructure improvements (project outputs) and overall improvement in the transport sector profile of the project impact area Socio-Economic benefits of the project impact area with specific focus on poverty alleviation and employment generation Environmental conditions. The PPMS will also indirectly assess the level of institutional strengthening and policy reforms achieved during the course of the project. In order to monitor and evaluate the anticipated improvements of social issues and the mitigation of potential adverse impacts of the VRAMP, this section only looks at the indicators covering socio-economic benefits and discusses several milestones based on these indicators. Emphasis is on monitoring whether: The social indicators will be improving over time, and The potential adverse impacts will be mitigated effectively. It also seeks to anticipate and identify problems and risk areas where mitigation processes are not happening (or not happening well or fast enough), and to feed this information back into a system for improving VRAMP implementation and design in subsequent phases. 15.2. Monitoring and Evaluation of Social Impacts The Socio-Economic Monitoring and Evaluation Program will address not only the socio- economic effects of the road rehabilitation component, but also the effects of the complementary poverty alleviation strategies. The socio-economic development services provided through the Project will focus on two principal objectives: 101 Employment generation (direct and indirect), and Poverty reduction The first objective has been incorporated in to the project design. Poverty reduction strategies targeted to benefit the rural poor have been recommended to complement the road rehabilitation. The delivery, use, and effects of services provided through these strategies should be monitored and evaluated along with the rest of the services provided through the Project. 15.2.1. Employment Generation The Project will generate employment opportunities for local labor during the implementation period and long-term employment for periodic maintenance. The objectives to be met and monitored are: a) provision of manual and non-manual employment for unemployed or underemployed men and women in the Project Area during project implementation and post-project periodic maintenance, b) the achievement of poverty reduction benefits, and c) the injection of cash into the local economy. The Project will also generate employment opportunities for local populations through procurement of goods and services, such as procurement of services of local transport companies and procurement of local construction materials. The objectives to be met and monitored are: a) provision of employment for local private transport and construction material companies and service sector thereby supporting the local small business sector, b) achievement of poverty reduction benefits, and c) injection of cash into the local economy. 15.2.2. Poverty Reduction The impact of poverty reduction should be measured through: a) poverty reduction in the Project Area, b) enhanced socio-economic benefits of the Road Rehabilitation Project, and c) economic recovery in the Project area. The approach taken in this SA is the establishment of 2 types of baseline data: 1. The section headed Socio-economic Baseline Profile deals with the establishment of baseline data over the entire VRAMP project area using information and data from secondary resources. The baseline data is broken down into demographic and socio-economic information and an assessment of accessibility social infrastructure. 2. The section headed Socio-economic Baseline Data deals with household-level data which originates from a detailed household survey using Stratified Random Sampling along the Year 1 Project Roads. The monitoring and evaluation will hence involve a 2-level assessment of changes in baseline 102 data over time. 15.2.3. Monitoring and Evaluation of Impacts on Socio-economic Baseline Profile The monitoring and evaluation of the Year 1 Projects‘ impacts on the socio-economic baseline profile will be included in the Social Assessment report for the Years 2 and 3 programs, as well as in separate assessments in Years 3 and 5 after project begin. These assessments will entail an overview of the socio-economic baseline data of the overall project area broken down into the following areas: Demographic Organization Economic and Social Organization The review of secondary information will have to use updated information wherever possible in order to assess the changes in project area data. An underlying assumption of this assessment is that the road rehabilitation program will stimulate economic growth within the project area. This increase in economic growth will impact a set of indicators. In order to measure the changes in these indicators, Chapter of socioeconomic conditions provides a baseline survey of the existing conditions. The following table summarizes some of these indicators and provides benchmarks and expected developments as a result of this economic stimulus in the project area. The baseline data and expected milestones for the next survey include: Table 36: Monitoring and Evaluation of Socio-economic Profile Baseline Data Anticipated Milestones Underlying Reasons 1. Demographic Organization Continuing stability of Economic growth will contribute in 1.1. Population population growth rate improving living standards and stabilize Growth Rate around the project . population growth rates. Economic development of the project area A reduction of the project and will reduce the outwards migration of 1.2. Migration area‘s out-migration towards the resident population towards the national average. neighboring provinces with higher living standards. 103 Baseline Data Anticipated Milestones Underlying Reasons Improved access and linkage to larger A reduction in the project cities (better education), health care 1.3. Gender facilities and markets (providing a greater area‘s sex ratio towards the diversity of food and nutrients) will Issues national average. hopefully reduce the relatively higher mortality rate for women. 2. Economic and Social Organization Reduction in proportion of Stimulation in economic growth will 2.1. Welfare household expenditure on contribute in increasing disposable income food and beverages in project Indicators area towards the national and reducing the percentage of household average. income spent on food. Increase in monthly income Stimulation in economic growth will 2.2. Income – per capita for all income quintiles towards the national contribute in increasing monthly income Amount averages. per capita. Reduction in proportion of An indicator for economic growth in the 2.3. Income – income from agricultural region is a shift of labor and resources employment in project area away from agriculture towards other Source sectors of the economy, in particular towards the national average. towards the industrialized sector. Reduction in the incidence of Economic growth tends to facilitate the 2.4. Poverty poverty in the project area towards the national average. reduction in poverty. Reduction in unemployment Economic growth tends to facilitate the 2.5. from the project area towards reduction in unemployment which in turn Unemployment the national average stimulates economic growth. 3. Social Infrastructure Economic growth will assist in improving Increase in average BMIs for living standards and allocate more 3.1. Body Mass disposable income towards a greater both men and women in the variety of food items. Better roads will Index (BMI) project area towards the national averages. also improve the access to larger and more diverse markets. 104 Baseline Data Anticipated Milestones Underlying Reasons Economic growth will assist in improving The z-scores for normal living standards and allocate more 3.2. Z-scores height are expected to disposable income towards a greater (height index) increase for the project area variety of food items. Better roads will towards the national average. also improve the access to larger and more diverse markets. Economic growth will assist in improving The percentages of stunting living standards and allocate more 3.3. Stunting and and wasting are expected to disposable income towards a greater Wasting fall in the project area to the variety of food items. Better roads will national averages. also improve the access to larger and more diverse markets. 3.4. Agricultural The productivity rates for rice Economic growth helps to facilitate the are expected to increase in the increase of investment into agricultural Productivity project areas to the national extension services and the adoption of Rates (Rice) average. HYVs which will increase the productivity rates. The use of the road network Improved roads will encourage more within the project area is people to travel due to faster travel times 3.5. Transport expected to increase towards the average of the population and a decrease in road user fares and of Vietnam. charges. 105 15.2.4. Monitoring and Evaluation of Impacts on Socio-economic Baseline Data This SA includes a detailed household survey in communes along the Year 1 Project Roads. Household surveys will be made in communes along the Years 2 and 3 Project Roads at the appropriate time. In Years 3 and 5 after project beginning, household surveys will have to be made in the same communes to assess, monitor and evaluate the degree of change of certain baseline indicators in these locations. All communes in which household surveys took place will be carefully registered and located on maps to allow the follow-up household surveys in Years 3 and 5 after project beginning to take pace in the same locations. The same or very similar questionnaires will be used to identify the same sets of data that will allow comparison of basic indicators over time. The household survey will also include focus group discussions based on PRA principles that will allow for a 2-way flow of information and encourage the participation of as many stakeholders at different levels as possible. An underlying assumption of this assessment is that the road rehabilitation program will stimulate economic growth within the project areas. This increase in economic growth will impact a set of indicators that were registered in the household survey. In order to measure the changes in these indicators, Chapter of Socioeconomic conditions provides a baseline survey of the existing conditions along communes. The following table summarizes these indicators and provides benchmarks and expected developments as a result of this economic stimulus in the project communes. The baseline data and expected milestones for the next survey include: 106 Table 37: Monitoring and Evaluation of Socio-economic Data Baseline Data Anticipated Milestones Underlying Reasons Economic growth will facilitate the The number of people in the improvement in living standards 1. Number of households is expected to and, if equally distributed, along the people/household decrease by 5 percent each in population. Less people will be Years 3 and 5. crowded in the same households and may afford to live in separate units. An increase of 5 percent each Economic growth will facilitate an 2. Education in Years 3 and 5 for the increase in allocation of income survey population in the towards education. overall degree obtained. An increase of 5 percent each Economic growth will facilitate an in Years 3 and 5 in increase in allocation of income 3. Health - Immunization immunization of the survey towards heath. population. Economic growth will facilitate an increase in allocation of income towards heath and education. Local An increase of 5 percent governments will have better each in Years 3 and 5 in logistics at their disposal to educate 4. Health – AIDS awareness of how AIDS is the public on AIDS. Particular Awareness measures will have to be taken to spread and how to protect oneself from the disease. restrict the spread of AIDS during the construction stage and once the road is improved (see EMP on this issue). An increase of 5 percent each Economic growth will facilitate an 5. Living Standards - increase in allocation of income for Years 3 and 5 of the towards improvement living Water survey population using standards. pump wells. An increase of 5 percent each Economic growth will facilitate an 6. Living Standards - in Years 3 and 5 of the increase in allocation of income Sanitation towards improvement living survey population using standards. sealed water latrines. 107 Baseline Data Anticipated Milestones Underlying Reasons An indicator for economic growth in A reduction of 5 percent the region is a shift of labor and each in Years 3 and 5 on resources away from agriculture 7. Income - Source towards other sectors of the incomes derived from agriculture. economy, in particular towards the industrialized sector. An average increase of 5 percent each in Years 3 and An increase in economic growth 8. Income - Amount 5 in incomes, irrespective of helps to increase incomes. source. An increase in economic growth An average increase of 5 helps 9. Household Assets percent in Years 3 and 5 in to increase disposable incomes and household assets. will increase the expenditure on household assets and durable goods. A team of social development specialists should be engaged to undertake the proposed implementation program of social interventions. It is possible to engage one team to carry out both mitigation program and the resettlement plan. A team of specialists should have experience in implementing life skills training, HIV/AIDS awareness, and prevention of Human Trafficking Program, at the community level. A team leader will have to ensure efficient and effective implementation of the mitigation program. The monitoring and evaluation of the proposed implementation programs should be done continuously from the project commencement to until the end of at least one year of operation. An annual reports need to be prepared for the relevant Agencies. 108 Annex 1: The questionnaire for social and economic survey of affected assets Vietnam Road Assets Management Program (VRAMP) SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY AND AFFECTED ASSET FORM Form VF05 Household code…………………. Survey date: ____ /__ /2013 Village………………Commune...........................District………….Province………… A. HOUSEHOLDER INFORMATION 2. Full name of householder: ………………………; Age ……; Sex [ ] Male=1; Female =2; 1.1 Ethnicity: [ ]; 1.2 Main occupation [ ]; 1.3 Secondary occupation [ ]; 1.4 Education and occupation [ ]; 1.6 Main monthly income of the householder: …………………………..……VND; 1.7 Classification of household : [ ] (1=Poor; 2= Near-poor; 3= Rise above poverty) 1.8 Policy family to enjoy social benefits: [ ] (1=Single women householder; 2= Disabled persons; 3=The lonely aged; 4= Entitled to social assistance; 5= Ethnic minorities) 1.9 The project affected area (a family may has land and property in different areas, if such, it needs to mark clearly all affected areas of the household) 1) Within scope of road [] 2) Within safety corridor [] 3) Within viaduct, bridge [] 4) Within the scope of intersection [] 5) Other (please specify) [ ] _____________________ B. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY IN AFFECTED AREA 3. Family members. Relation Ethnici Sex with the ty 1=Kinh Main occupation househo 1= Agriculture (farming) 2= Thai Education lder 3= Tay 2= Livestock 1= 3= Sales 0= Illiterate 4= Nung 4= Catering service, 1= Primary school Husband/Wif 5= Muong 5= Workers in factory, 2=Secondary school e 6=Hoa workshop 3= High school 2= 6= State officials and state Note No. Full name Father/Mothe Age 7= Other ungraduation s 2=Female employees 4= High school 1=Male r 3=Son/daugh 7= Work for private 5=Vocational ter companies training 4= Son-in- 8= Work in transport field 6= University and law/daughter 9= Students, pupils above university -in-law 10= Housework 7= Others 5=Nephew/ni 11= Hired worker ece 12=Other 6=Other brother/sister 109 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4. Average annual income of household: ………………. ………… VND Main sources of income contributed to the household's annual income: 1) Amount ________________________VND Agricultural production (crops, livestock) 2) Trade or business Amount ________________________VND 3) Salary Amount ________________________VND 4) From other sources (such as Amount ________________________VND remittances, etc.) 5. Average monthly expenditure of household 1) Amount ________________________VND Average living expenditure of household 2) Amount ________________________VND Average healthcare of household 3) Education spending Amount ________________________VND 4) Visit, tourism, relax Amount ________________________VND 6. The loan of household Loan-use purpose 1= Agricultural production 2= Business Loans Loan amount 3= Household expenditure 4= Building, repairing houses 5= Other (specify) 1) Loans from banks 2) Loans from other institutions 3) Loans from relatives, friends 110 4) Others 5) 7. Please tell us the number of current assets and amenities your family is using? Type of Type of Number Type of asset Number Number Type of asset Number asset asset 7. 1. Radio 4. bicycle 10. Gas Cooker Refrigerator 2. 11.Hot water 5. Electric fans 8. Pump Tivi/Video tank 9. Washing 3. motorbike 6. Rice Cooker 12. Computer machine 8. Water use: The daily main sources of water of household? (Marked x in the appropriate box) 1) Digging well [] 2) Village public wells [] 3) Tap water [] 4) Rain water [] 5) [ ] lakes Rivers, streams, ponds, 6) Buying water [] 7) Ravine water [] 8) Other (specify) [] 9. Main energy for household lighting? 1) Power grid [] 4) Generator [] 2) Pin and battery [] 5) Oil lamp [] 3) Wood/charcoal [] 6) Others [] 10. Main energy for household cooking? 1) Power grid [] 6) Biogas [] 2) Generator [] 7) Others [] 3) Gas/oil [] 8) No answer [ ] 4) Wood/coal [] 11. Common diseases in the community (name of disease) 1) Cold [] 6) Dysentery [] 2) Influenza [] 7) Hepatitis [] [] 3) Respiratory disease 8) [] Toxic infection [] 4) Malaria [] 9) Others [] 5) Cholera 10) No answer [] 12. Household’s access to healthcare, education and culture services? 111 Healthcare, education and culture Less than 3= More 1=Yes 2=No 1= 1 - 2 km 2= 2 - 5 km services 1km than 5 km Healthcare 1. Commune health station 2. District hospital 3. Clinic/nurse 4. Pharmacy 5. Traditional drug treatment Education 6. Preschool 7. Elementary school 8. Secondary school 9. High school 10.Vocational school Cultural, religion 11. Market 12. Stadiums, sports 13. Pagoda/temple/church 14. Other amusement and entertainment parks 13. Has the household economic condition changed in the recent 3 years? 1) No change [ ]; Reason: _________________________________________________ 2) Better [ ]; Reason: _________________________________________________ 3) Worse [ ]; Reason: _________________________________________________ 14. Do you support the road upgrading and expansion project? 1) Yes [] No [] If yes, what’s the support reason? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ If not, what do you wonder and worry about? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ If the project is implemented, what is positive side do you find? 112 ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ According to you, how is development of the road meaningful to the local socio-economic development? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 15. How is the division of labor in you family? No. Work-item Men Women Both 1 Main farming activities 1.1 - Soil tuning 1.2 - Cultivation 1.3 - Sowing 1.4 - Weeding 1.5 - Pesticide spraying 1.6 - Harvest 2 Vegetable growing 3 Livestock 4 Small business 5 Workers 6 Labor migration (domestic) 113 16. Community activities Activity Male Female Both 1. Attend community meetings 2. Participate in decision making 3. Join local organizations 4. Others C. INVENTORY OF LOSS IN AFFECTED AREAS 17. Land use status of household (affected land is only located in areas that needs to acquire for the project) Type of soil Affected degree Current Legal Work- Type of of each parcel land status of item affect of land use land 1= Urban residential land 2= Rural residential 1= land Total 1= With red book Pavement 3= Paddy land land 2= No red book Map 1= Partly 1= Owned but legalable for 2= Safety 1= 4= Garden area Total affected land red book corridor Permanently 5= Aquaculture (m2) affected 2= 2= Rented 3= illegalable for 3 = Bridge land area (m2) Totally land 4= red book affected Intersection 2= 6= Business/non- 4= Rented land Temporary agricultural land 5= Other 5= Safety corridor 7= Forest land (specify) 8=Other type of land Type Plot? Total 114 18. Houses affected by the project Typ Type of Using status e of Affected level Work item house affec t 1. Villa Total 1. With construction 1. Living Total affected 1= Partly 1= Pavement 1= 2. Level 1 license 2. Renting floor affected 2= Safety corridor Perman building (m2) 2 = Totally ently 3. Level 2 2. Without 3. Living and 3 = Bridge floor (m2 ) construction license renting affected 4. Level 3 4 = Intersection 3. Built on agricultural 4. Living and 2= 5. Level 4 5= Other (specify) land trading Tempo 6. rary Temporary 4. Rented house 5. Trading house 5. Built on Safety corridor Note: A household may have many affected houses; it is necessary fill in the information of all affected house. 19. Business impact (in the project area) 1) Business impact [ ] (1=No; 2= Yes, if yes, asked additional questions below) a. Business location [ ] (1= In the same house; 2= Independent outside house) b. Business form [ ] (1=Company; 2=Store; 3=Household) c. Business registration [ ] (1= Yes; 2=No) d. Type of business:………………………………………………………….. e. Monthly income from business: _________________VND (Just ask those who business is affected) f. Impact locations in the project area: [ ] (1= Pavement; 2= Safety corridors; 3= Bridge; 4= Intersection; 5= Others) 20. Affected works and other structures and living facilities on land (Statistics of affected independent works outside houses and living facilities are listed above) 115 Work items 1= Pavement Type of works 2= Safety corridor Works/living facilities (corresponding to auxiliary Unit Quantity 3 = Bridge works) 4 = Intersection 5= Other (specify) 1. Independent kitchen 1. Temporary m2 outside main 2. Equivalent to house level 4 1. Temporary 2. Pigsty/beef/chicken coops m2 2. Equivalent to house level 4 3. Power meter Unit 4. Water meter Unit 5. Estimated water pipe m length 6. Wired telephone Unit 1. Brick 7. Fence m2 2. Wood or barbed 1. Wall 8. Gate 2. Steel m2 3. Wood/Bamboo 9. Toilet, bathroom 1. Brick, concrete m2 (separate from house) 2. Bamboo/leaf 10. Earth tomb a) At the cemetery Unit b) Separate 11. Built tomb (brick, cement) Unit c) At the cemetery d) Separate 1. Drilled 12. Well m 2. Dug 1. Brick/concrete 13. Water tank 2. Stainless steel/Inox m3 3. Plastics 14. Yard (only cement m2 or tiled) 15. Fish pond m3 (excavated quantity) 16. Other works (name of works and affected area) 116 21. Types of affected trees, crops (Only make statistical of affected perennial/fruit) Work items 1= Pavement Type of plants or agricultural 2= Safety corridor Specifications Unit Quantity products 3 = Bridge 4 = Intersection 5= Other (specify) a) Fruit trees (main plant) Tree 1) 2) 3) 4) b) Timber (main plant) Tree 1) 2) 3) c) Decoration plant (main plant) 1) 2) 3) d) Crops main (plant) m2 1) Rice 2) Corn 3) Potatoes 4) Peanut 5) Beans e) The area of seafood m2 aquaculture 117 D. CONSULTATION QUESTIONS 22. If your agricultural land or other productive land is affected (due to land acquisition), which compensation plan does your family select? a) Receive land-for-land (if replacement land in the commune is available) with the same type and area/profitability [] b) Receive cash [] c) Not decide [] 23. For those who residential land is affected only: If it is unable to rebuild house on the remaining residential land (the remaining area is less than 80m2 for urban land and 100m2 for rural land, which resettlement plan does your family select? a) Moved to another land of the family [] b) Move to another place where the family choose [] c) Move to the project resettlement site [] d) Move to resettlement site arranged by local authorities [] e) Not decide [] 24. Does your family plan to use the land compensation money? 1) Rebuilt or repair houses [] 2) Buy a new land [] 3) Buy other asset [ ] ; Name of asset ________________ 4) Invest in small business [] 5) Save in a bank [] 6) Spend for children‘s education [] 7) Other intention [ ]; Description ____________________ 25. Choose a livelihood rehabilitation form of household. 1) Agricultural activity [] 3) Self find job [] 2) Apprenticeship [] 4) No answer [] Thank you for answering our questions. Surveyor Householder or family representative 118 Annex 2: Results of SES from the project affected households 1. Section Trieu Duong – Hung Ha Using the socio-economic survey questionnaire prepared for RP preparation, the total number of households surveyed was 202 households in Hung Ha District; accounts for about 34% of the total affected households. Details of survey is shown as in table 2.1. There are 86 of severely affected HHs by the project. Table 2.1 : Sample of SES in each communes Number Number % % Number Number of Number of of socio- Number of Number of % socio- socio- of socio- severely economi socio- of socio- District Commune affected economic economic economic affected c survey economic economic househol survey survey survey househol househo survey survey ds SAH non-SAH ds (SAH) lds SAH non-SAH 1 2 3 4 5 6=5/3 7 8=7/4 9 10=9/5 Tan Le 54 5 16 29.6% 2 40.0% 14 87.5% Hung Nhan 119 25 36 30% 10 40.0% 26 72.2% town Lien Hiep 189 46 61 32.3% 12 26.1% 49 80.3% Phuc Khanh 53 5 17 32.1% 2 40.0% 15 88.2% Hung Thai Phuong 12 1 7 58.3% 1 100.0% 6 85.7% Ha Hung Ha 22 0 8 36.4% 0 0.0% 8 100.0% town Hong Linh 30 0 9 30% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Minh Khai 95 3 40 42.1% 3 100.0% 37 92.5% Tan Hoa 8 1 8 100% 1 100.0% 7 87.5% Total 582 86 202 34.7% 31 36.0% 171 84.7% Household Size A majority of the affected HHs is with a family size of less than 3 persons, then follows by the size of from 3 to 4 persons and from 5 to 6 persons. There are only two households from a sample of survey with more than 6 persons. The detailed results are shown as in table 2.2. Table 2. 2: Household size <3 3–4 5–6 >6 District Commune Total members members members members Tan Le 8 7 1 - 16 Hung Nhan town 13 12 11 - 36 HÆ°ng Hà Lien Hiep 23 29 8 1 61 Phuc Khanh 6 3 7 1 17 Thai Phuong 6 1 - - 7 119 <3 3–4 5–6 >6 District Commune Total members members members members Hung Ha town 3 5 - - 8 Hong Linh 5 4 - - 9 Minh Khai 21 16 3 - 40 Tan Hoa 3 5 - - 8 Grand Total 88 82 30 2 202 Gender Distribution With regard to the gender ratio, male rate (51.9%) is higher than female rate (48.1%) as average of the district and the rates are different from commune to communes. Some communes the rate of male is less and some communes the rate of male is higher than the rate of female. A detailed of surveyed results are described as in table 2.3 below. Table 2. 3: Gender Distribution of HH Member in affected communes No. of Male Female Total District Commune SES HH Person % Person % Person % Tan Le 16 28 53.8% 24 46.2% 52 100% Hung Nhan town 36 67 48.6% 71 51.4% 138 100% Lien Hiep 61 113 51.1% 108 48.9% 221 100% Hung Phuc Khanh 17 41 56.9% 31 43.1% 72 100% Ha Thai Phuong 7 11 57.9% 8 42.1% 19 100% Hung Ha town 8 15 51.7% 14 48.3% 29 100% Hong Linh 9 19 70.4% 8 29.6% 27 100% Minh Khai 40 66 49.3% 68 50.7% 134 100% Tan Hoa 8 13 50.0% 13 50.0% 26 100% Grand total 202 373 51.9% 345 48.1% 718 100% Age distribution: The age distribution of the affected HH surveyed is described in Table 2.4 below. In the aggregate, the table below show that the rate of people at the working age (from 15 to 60) is very high and the rate of the old people (over 60 year olds) is low. This shows very positive pictures of potential labour in the project area. Table 2. 1: Age distribution of HH Member in affected communes 15–60 years >60 years District Commune <15 years old Total old old Tan Le 3 40 9 52 Hung Ha Hung Nhan town 22 94 22 138 Lien Hiep 26 165 30 221 120 15–60 years >60 years District Commune <15 years old Total old old Phuc Khanh 12 42 18 72 Thai Phuong 0 15 4 19 Hung Ha town 4 18 7 29 Hong Linh 1 24 2 27 Minh Khai 10 110 14 134 Tan Hoa 5 18 3 26 Grand total 83 526 109 718 Education: The surveyed results show that, 294/697 person surveyed have reached secondary level education, closely followed by those who have had high school education (109/697); with university (94/697), none of illiterate. These results show with a very positive status of education of the population in a project area. Table 2. 2: Education Attainment of HH Member in affected communes Not High Illiter Prim Seconda finishe Vocatio University District Commune scho0 Other Total ate ary ry school d high nal and above ol school Tan Le - 1 25 3 11 2 10 - 52 Hung Nhan - 23 49 25 16 2 17 6 138 town Lien Hiep - 27 88 25 33 17 25 6 221 Phuc Khanh - 12 17 13 10 4 12 4 72 Hung Ha Thai Phuong - - 11 4 2 - 2 - 19 Hung Ha - 3 7 - 13 1 5 - 29 town Hong Linh - 1 9 7 5 3 2 - 27 Minh Khai - 8 66 14 16 9 18 3 134 Tan Hoa - 2 12 3 3 1 3 2 26 Grand total - 77 284 94 109 39 94 21 718 Employment: The surveyed results on the occupation of the affected households with the different activities/ business such as farming, husbandry, handicraft, running shops, restaurant, state employment, working for a private sector etc. are analysed and described as in table 2.6 below. 121 Table 2. 3: Occupational Distribution of HH Member in affected communes Locality Type of Hung Nhan Thai Hung Ha Total Tan Le Lien Hiep Phuc Khanh Hong Linh Minh Khai Tan Hoa job town Phuong town Perso Perso Perso Pers Perso Pers Perso % % % % % Person % Person % Person % % % n n n on n on n Farming 10 4.0% 57 22.7% 79 31.5% 17 6.8% 11 4.4% 7 2.8% 15 6.0% 47 18.7% 8 3.2% 251 100% Livestock - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% Selling 10 24.4% 3 7.3% 13 31.7% 3 7.3% - 0.0% 1 2.4% 2 4.9% 6 14.6% 3 7.3% 41 100% goods Restaurant/ 100.0 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% eatery % Workers in 2 7.7% 4 15.4% 5 19.2% 3 11.5% - 0.0% 2 7.7% - 0.0% 9 34.6% 1 3.8% 26 100% factory State 11.4 7 10.0% 14 20.0% 19 27.1% 12 17.1% - 0.0% 8 1 1.4% 8 11.4% 1 1.4% 70 100% employee % Private - 0.0% 2 20.0% 4 40.0% 1 10.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 20.0% 1 10.0% 10 100% employee Work in transport 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% field Student/pu 17 9.8% 32 18.4% 55 31.6% 13 7.5% 2 1.1% 7 4.0% 8 4.6% 33 19.0% 7 4.0% 174 100% pil Housewife 5 31.3% 3 18.8% 2 12.5% 4 25.0% - 0.0% 1 6.3% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 6.3% 16 100% Hire labor - 0.0% 13 17.8% 25 34.2% 6 8.2% 6 8.2% - 0.0% 1 1.4% 20 27.4% 2 2.7% 73 100% Other - 0.0% 4 12.5% 13 40.6% 7 21.9% - 0.0% 2 6.3% - 0.0% 6 18.8% - 0.0% 32 100% Grand 3.9 52 7.5% 132 18.9% 215 30.8% 68 9.8% 19 2.7% 29 4.2% 27 131 18.8% 24 3.4% 697 100% total % 122 Social Policy Households: Social policy households receive special cash allowances from the Government on the basis of having household members who are invalids, have heroic mothers, martyrs, and those who have contributed to the revolutions. The eligible HHs to social policy is listed and managed at the commune offices show that from the samples surveyed in the affected communes of Hung Ha district is with 82 households/ 202 households surveyed (40%). Of which, the Female Headed Households is 19 households, accounts of about 9.4 %. Table 2. 4: Social Policy Households, Other Vulnerable Households and Single Female Headed Households (No. of Households) Single Entitled to Female Ethnic Lonely District Commune Poor social Total Headed minorities elder assistance Household Tan Le - 1 1 - 3 5 Hung Nhan town 2 4 - 1 4 11 Lien Hiep 5 3 - 3 15 26 Phuc Khanh - - - - 5 5 Hung Ha Thai Phuong 1 2 - - 2 5 Hung Ha town - 1 - - 2 3 Hong Linh - 1 - 1 1 3 Minh Khai 7 7 - - 8 22 Tan Hoa 2 - - - - 2 Grand Total 17 19 1 5 40 82 Average Monthly Income Table 2.8 shows that most of the interviewed families earn with income from VND 3,000,000 to VND 5,000,000 per month and only 2 few families have monthly income less than VND 1,000,000. There are 55 households from 202 surveyed households earning income with more than VND 5,000,000 per month. Table 2. 5: Average Monthly Household Income of Affected Household (in million VND) VND 5 District Commune million < VND 3 million VND 5 million million Total Tan Le - 3 9 4 16 Hung Nhan town - 9 20 7 36 Hung Lien Hiep - 13 29 19 61 Ha Phuc Khanh 1 - 9 7 17 Thai Phuong - 4 3 - 7 Hung Ha town - 1 3 4 8 123 VND 5 District Commune million < VND 3 million VND 5 million million Total Hong Linh - 1 7 1 9 Minh Khai 1 11 16 12 40 Tan Hoa - 2 5 1 8 Grand Total 2 44 101 55 202 Income - Expenditure Balance: After comparing for gross income and gross expenditures, the picture on whether households have positive or negative income was derived. In the affected communes of Hung Ha district, this exercise revealed that 78.2% of total households end up with positive income or surplus after expenditures and 14.4% of the surveyed households are with incomes less than expenditures. Table 2. 6: Income-Expenditure Balance of Affected Household Income-Expenditure Balance District Commune IncomeExpense Total HH % HH % HH % HH % Tan Le 3 18.8% 1 6.3% 12 75.0% 16 100% Hung Nhan 4 11.1% 1 2.8% 31 86.1% 36 100% town Lien Hiep 9 14.8% 5 8.2% 47 77.0% 61 100% Phuc 4 23.5% 1 5.9% 12 70.6% 17 100% Khanh Hung Thai Ha 2 28.6% - 0.0% 5 71.4% 7 100% Phuong Hung Ha - 0.0% 1 12.5% 7 87.5% 8 100% town Hong Linh - 0.0% - 0.0% 9 100.0% 9 100% Minh Khai 3 7.5% 6 15.0% 31 77.5% 40 100% Tan Hoa 4 50.0% - 0.0% 4 50.0% 8 100% Grand total 29 14.4% 15 7.4% 158 78.2% 202 100% Credit /Access to Loan. Table 2.10 shows that the rates of the households borrow loans from Banks (61.5%) and other institutions (30.8%) are high. The households said that they borrow money for farming and husbandry activities and for other businesses. Table 2.10, 2.11 described about the survey results on accessing loans and using loans from a sample of the affected households. 124 Table 2. 7: Access to Loan of Affected Female Headed Household Loans from Loans from Loans Loans from other relatives, from other Total District Commune banks institutions friends sources HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % Tan Le - - - - - - - - - - Hung Nhan 2 100% - - - - - - 2 100% town Lien Hiep 2 66.7% - - 1 33.3% - - 3 100% Hung Phuc Khanh 3 100% - - - - - - 3 100% Ha Thai Phuong - - - - - - - - - - Hung Ha - - - - - - - - - - town Hong Linh - - - - - - - - - - Minh Khai - - 4 100% - - - - 4 100% Tan Hoa 1 100% - - - - - - 1 100% Grand total 8 61.5% 4 30.8% 1 7.7% - - 13 100% Purposes of using Loans Table 2. 8: Purposes of using loans of Affected Female Headed Household Agricultural Household Building Business Other Total District Commune production expenditure houses HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % Tan Le - - - - - - - - - - - - Hung Nhan town 1 50% 1 50% - - - - - - 2 100% Lien Hiep - - - - 3 100% - - - - 3 100% Phuc Khanh - - - - - - - - - - - - Hung Ha Thai Phuong - - - - - - - - - - - - Hung Ha town - - - - - - - - - - - - Hong Linh - - - - - - - - - - - - Minh Khai - - - - 1 14.3% 3 42.9% 3 42.9% 7 100% Tan Hoa - - - - 1 100% - - - - 1 100% Grand total 1 7.7% 1 7.7% 5 38.5% 3 23.1% 3 23.1% 13 100% Living facilities and Community Assets Almost all of the households surveyed have motorbikes, television sets, refrigerator, furniture, and sanitation facilities such as septic toilet and running water, among others. Community physical infrastructures (village and commune link roads and community social services such as schools, healthcare centers, market etc.) are available and with locations that are not far from the affected households. The survey results on asset ownership, living amenities, cooking ways, community health etc. are shown in tables from 2.12 to 2.19 below. 125 Table 2. 9: Ownership of Living Facilities of Affected Households No. of Hot Motor- Electric Washing Gas District Commune Unit surveyed Tivi Bicycle Cooker Fridge Pump water Computer bike fan machine stove HHs tank HH 16 16 14 16 16 16 14 11 5 15 4 1 Tan Le % 100% 100% 88% 100% 100% 100% 88% 69% 31% 94% 25% 6% Hung Nhan HH 36 36 30 34 36 35 21 24 8 34 7 3 town % 100% 100% 83% 94% 100% 97% 58% 67% 22% 94% 19% 8% HH 61 61 53 60 61 61 34 53 5 53 12 4 Lien Hiep % 100% 100% 87% 98% 100% 100% 56% 87% 8% 87% 20% 7% HH 17 17 14 15 17 17 13 14 - 16 - 4 Phuc Khanh % 100% 100% 82% 88% 100% 100% 76% 82% 0% 94% 0% 24% HÆ°ng HH 7 7 5 7 7 6 1 5 - 4 - - Thai Phuong Hà % 100% 100% 71% 100% 100% 86% 14% 71% 0% 57% 0% 0% HH 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 4 8 1 1 Hung Ha town % 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 63% 50% 100% 13% 13% HH 9 9 8 9 9 8 3 8 1 9 1 - Hong Linh % 100% 100% 89% 100% 100% 89% 33% 89% 11% 100% 11% 0% HH 40 38 36 38 40 38 17 31 3 31 5 2 Minh Khai % 100% 95% 90% 95% 100% 95% 43% 78% 8% 78% 13% 5% HH 8 8 5 7 8 8 3 1 2 3 2 2 Tan Hoa % 100% 100% 63% 88% 100% 100% 38% 13% 25% 38% 25% 25% HH 202 200 173 194 202 197 114 152 28 173 32 17 Total % 100% 99% 86% 96% 100% 98% 56% 75% 14% 86% 16% 8% 126 Table 2. 10: Water Source for Using of Affected Households Water Source for Using Well Distri Uni River, Commune Moun shared Buying Total t Tap spring, Rain Drilled ct Well tain with from Water pond water well creek neighb other water ours HH - - - - - - - 16 16 Tan Le % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100% Hung Nhan HH 4 13 - - - 1 9 9 36 town % 11.1% 36.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.8% 25.0% 25.0% 100% HH 1 - - - - - - 60 61 Lien Hiep % 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 98.4% 100% HH 6 2 - - - - - 9 17 Phuc Khanh % 35.3% 11.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 52.9% 100% Hung HH 1 - - - - 1 - 5 7 Thai Phuong Ha % 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0% 71.4% 100% HH - - - - - - - 8 8 Hung Ha town % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100% HH - - - - - - - 9 9 Hong Linh % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100% HH - - - - - - - 40 40 Minh Khai % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100% HH 4 2 - - - - - 2 8 Tan Hoa % 50.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 100% HH 16 17 - - - 2 9 158 202 Grand total % 7.9% 8.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 4.5% 78.2% 100% Table 2. 11: Main Sources for Lighting of Affected Households Main Sources for Lighting District Commune Unit Wood/ Oil Total Electricity Battery Generator Other Coal lamp HH 16 - - - - - 16 Tan Le % 100.0% - - - - - 100% Hung Nhan HH 36 - - - - - 36 town % 100.0% - - - - - 100% Hung HH 61 - - - - - 61 Ha Lien Hiep % 100.0% - - - - - 100% HH 17 - - - - - 17 Phuc Khanh % 100.0% - - - - - 100% Thai HH 7 - - - - - 7 127 Main Sources for Lighting District Commune Unit Wood/ Oil Total Electricity Battery Generator Other Coal lamp Phuong % 100.0% - - - - - 100% Hung Ha HH 8 - - - - - 8 town % 100.0% - - - - - 100% HH 9 - - - - - 9 Hong Linh % 100.0% - - - - - 100% HH 40 - - - - - 40 Minh Khai % 100.0% - - - - - 100% HH 8 - - - - - 8 Tan Hoa % 100.0% - - - - - 100% HH 202 - - - - - 202 Grand total % 100.0% - - - - - 100% Table 2. 12: Main Sources for Cooking of Affected Households Main Sources for Cooking Commu- District Unit Electri Genera Wood/ No Total ne Gas/Oil Biogas Other city tor Coal response HH - - 14 2 - - - 16 Tan Le % 0.0% 0.0% 87.5% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% Hung HH 1 - 27 8 - - - 36 Nhan town % 2.8% 0.0% 75.0% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 32 25 - 4 - 61 Lien Hiep % 0.0% 0.0% 52.5% 41.0% 0.0% 6.6% 0.0% 100% Phuc HH 1 - 11 5 - - - 17 Khanh % 5.9% 0.0% 64.7% 29.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% Hung Ha Thai HH - - 2 4 - - 1 7 Phuong % 0.0% 0.0% 28.6% 57.1% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 100% Hung Ha HH - - 8 - - - - 8 town % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% Hong HH - - 5 4 - - - 9 Linh % 0.0% 0.0% 55.6% 44.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% Minh HH 1 - 23 16 - - - 40 Khai % 2.5% 0.0% 57.5% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 1 - 1 5 - 1 - 8 Tan Hoa % 12.5% 0.0% 12.5% 62.5% 0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 100% HH 4 - 123 69 - 5 1 202 Grand total % 2.0% 0.0% 60.9% 34.2% 0.0% 2.5% 0.5% 100% 128 Table 2. 13: Common diseases in the community Common diseases District Commune Unit Infectious No Total Feel Flu Malaria Cholera Dysentery Hepatitis Other agent response HH 10 1 - - - - - - 5 16 Tan Le % 62.5% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 31.2% 100% Hung Nhan HH 22 7 - - - - - 1 6 36 town % 61.1% 19.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.8% 16.7% 100% HH 37 8 1 - - - - 14 1 61 Lien Hiep % 60.7% 13.1% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 23.0% 1.6% 100% HH 13 2 - - - - - - 2 17 Phuc Khanh % 76.5% 11.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.8% 100% Hung HH 2 1 - - - - - 1 3 7 Thai Phuong Ha % 28.6% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 42.9% 100% Hung Ha HH 4 2 - - - - - - 2 8 town % 50.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 100% HH 5 2 - - - - - - 2 9 Hong Linh % 55.6% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 22.2% 100% HH 25 3 1 - - - - - 11 40 Minh Khai % 62.5% 7.5% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 27.5% 100% HH 6 2 - - - - - - - 8 Tan Hoa % 75.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 124 28 2 - - - - 16 32 202 Grand total % 61.4% 13.9% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.9% 15.8% 100% 129 Table 2. 14: Access to health services Commune health station District hospital Clinic/Nurse Pharmacy Traditional drug treatment District Commune Unit 2- 1- 2- 1- 2- 1- 2- 1- 2- <1km 1-2km >5km <1km >5km <1km >5km <1km >5km <1km >5km 5km 2km 5km 2km 5km 2km 5km 2km 5km HH 7 - - - - 5 - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - Tan Le % 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 35.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Hung HH 13 2 1 - 1 1 1 3 2 - - - 16 - - - - - - - Nhan town % 32.5% 5.0% 2.5% 0.0% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 7.5% 5.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% HH 34 22 1 - - 2 3 44 - - - - 2 3 1 - - - - - Lien Hiep % 30.4% 19.6% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 2.7% 39.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 2.7% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Phuc HH 2 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 2 1 10 - - - 1 - 1 1 Khanh % 8.3% 0.0% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 0.0% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 0.0% 8.3% 4.2% 41.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 0.0% 4.2% 4.2% Thai HH 2 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - 2 - - - - - - - HÆ°ng Ha Phuong % 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Hung Ha HH 2 - - - 1 3 - - 1 - - - 4 1 - - - - - - town % 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.3% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 8.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% HH 8 - - - - - - - - - 2 - 6 - - - - - - - Hong Linh % 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 37.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% HH 18 3 - - 1 10 8 1 - - 1 - 2 3 - - - - - - Minh Khai % 38.3% 6.4% 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 21.3% 17.0% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 0.0% 4.3% 6.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% HH 1 2 1 - - - 3 - - - - - 4 4 - - - - - - Tan Hoa % 6.7% 13.3% 6.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 26.7% 26.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% HH 87 29 4 1 4 22 16 49 4 2 6 1 46 11 1 0 1 0 1 1 Total % 30.4% 10.1% 1.4% 0.3% 1.4% 7.7% 5.6% 17.1% 1.4% 0.7% 2.1% 0.3% 16.1% 3.8% 0.3% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 130 Table 2. 15: Access to education services Preschool Elementary school Secondary school High school Vocational school Commun Unit 1- 2- 2- 2- 2- 1- 2- >5k e <1km >5km <1km 1-2km >5km <1km 1-2km >5km <1km 1-2km >5km <1km 2km 5km 5km 5km 5km 2km 5km m HH - - - - 1 - - - - 2 1 - 1 1 2 - - - 5 - Tan Le 15.4 38.5 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 15.4% 7.7% 0.0% 7.7% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % Hung HH 1 - - - 2 4 1 - 2 4 1 - 2 2 - 1 1 - - 2 Nhan town % 4.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.7% 17.4% 4.3% 0.0% 8.7% 17.4% 4.3% 0.0% 8.7% 8.7% 0.0% 4.3% 4.3% 0.0% 0.0% 8.7% HH - - - - 2 9 - - 1 10 - - - 4 6 2 - - - 15 Lien Hiep 12.2 30.6 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.1% 18.4% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 20.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.2% 4.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % HH - - - - 4 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 Phuc Khanh 14.3 14.3 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 57.1% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % HH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 Thai Phuong 100.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % Hung Ha HH - - - - 2 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - 0 town % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Hong HH - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 3 - - - - - - Linh % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Minh HH 1 - - - 2 1 - - - 6 - - - 4 1 - - - - - Khai % 6.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.3% 6.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 26.7% 6.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% HH - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - 2 1 - - - - Tan Hoa 20.0 40.0 20.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % HH 2 - - - 14 16 1 - 4 24 3 - 3 14 11 4 1 - 5 19 Total 15.7 % 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.6% 13.2% 0.8% 0.0% 3.3% 19.8% 2.5% 0.0% 2.5% 11.6% 9.1% 3.3% 0.8% 0.0% 4.1% % 131 Table 2.19: Access to other services, culture works... Market Stadium Sport area Pagoda/Temple/Church Entertainment park Uni Commune 1- 2- <1k 1- 2- 1- 2- 2- <1k 1- 2- t <1km >5km >5km <1km >5km <1km 1-2km >5km >5km 2km 5km m 2km 5km 2km 5km 5km m 2km 5km HH 10 - - - - - - - 4 1 - - 5 2 - - - - 1 - Tan Le 17.4 % 43.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3% 0.0% 0.0% 21.7% 8.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3% 0.0% % Hung HH 22 2 - - - - - - 3 2 - - 17 1 - 3 - - - 3 Nhan town % 41.5% 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.7% 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 32.1% 1.9% 0.0% 5.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.7% HH 34 24 - - - - - - 16 11 1 2 7 36 4 8 1 - - 12 Lien Hiep 15.4 10.3 % 21.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.1% 0.6% 1.3% 4.5% 23.1% 2.6% 5.1% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 7.7% % % HH 15 1 - - - - - - 1 - - - 15 1 - - 1 5 - - Phuc Khanh 12.8 % 38.5% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 38.5% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% % HH 3 - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1 - - 1 - - - 1 Thai Phuong 14.3 14.3 % 42.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% % % Hung Ha HH 7 - - - - - - - 1 - - - 5 1 1 - - - 1 - town % 43.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 31.3% 6.3% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.3% 0.0% HH 8 - - - - - - - 4 - - - 2 1 1 - - - 1 - Hong Linh 23.5 % 47.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.8% 5.9% 5.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.9% 0.0% % HH 21 - - - - - - - 6 - - - 10 1 2 1 - - 3 1 Minh Khai 13.3 % 46.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 22.2% 2.2% 4.4% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 6.7% 2.2% % HH 6 2 - - - - - - - - - - 6 2 - - - - - - Tan Hoa 12.5 % 37.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 37.5% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % HH 126 29 - - - - - - 36 14 1 2 68 45 8 13 2 5 6 17 Total 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.3 2.2 1.6 % 33.9% 7.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.7% 0.5% 18.3% 12.1% 3.5% 0.5% 1.3% 4.6% % % % % % % % 132 Living standard Table 2.20 analysed about the trend of living standards of the affected households in the recent last three years. The results show that the majority of the households declared with no change (62.9%); about 32.2 % declared that they are better off and about 5.0% the households are worse off. Table 2. 20: Household living standard changes (last 3 years) No change Better Worse Total District Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % Tan Le 8 50.0% 7 43.8% 1 6.3% 16 100% Hung Nhan town 20 55.6% 13 36.1% 3 8.3% 36 100% Lien Hiep 41 67.2% 18 29.5% 2 3.3% 61 100% Phuc Khanh 13 76.5% 4 23.5% - 0.0% 17 100% Hung Ha Thai Phuong 6 85.7% - 0.0% 1 14.3% 7 100% Hung Ha town 3 37.5% 5 62.5% - 0.0% 8 100% Hong Linh 8 88.9% 1 11.1% - 0.0% 9 100% Minh Khai 24 60.0% 13 32.5% 3 7.5% 40 100% Tan Hoa 4 50.0% 4 50.0% - 0.0% 8 100% Grand total 127 62.9% 65 32.2% 10 5.0% 202 100% Table 2.21 shows the results of consultation for the feedback from the affected households to the project development. It shows with a very positive results that nearly 100 % of the survey households support for the project development. It means that with the project, local people see a lot of benefits to them. Public consultation on the behaviour of people to the project Table 2. 21: Support implementation of the project Yes No Total District Commune HH % HH % HH % Tan Le 16 100% - - 16 100% Hung Nhan town 36 100% - - 36 100% Lien Hiep 61 100% - - 61 100% Hung Phuc Khanh 17 100% - - 17 100% Ha Thai Phuong 7 100% - - 7 100% Hung Ha town 8 100% - - 8 100% Hong Linh 9 100% - - 9 100% Minh Khai 39 97.5% 1 2.5% 40 100% Tan Hoa 8 100% - - 8 100% Grand total 201 99.5% 1 0.5% 202 100% 133 Gender issues and Ethnic Minority Table 2.21 shows the surveyed results analysed by the gender (male and female) by the different activities. It shows with the results that most of economic development activities are done by both men and women. However, with farming activities, women participate to the activities more than men. Table 2.22 shows that, women participate the community meetings more than men, but the rate of men making decisions is much higher than women. 134 Table 2.22: Division of Labor Hung Nhan Hung Ha Tan Le Lien Hiep Phuc Khanh Thai Phuong Hong Linh Minh Khai Tan Hoa Division of town town # Unit labor Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Per % % % % % % % % % on on on on on on on on son Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 66.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 16.7% 1 16.7% - 0.0% Land 1 Female 2 9.1% 1 4.5% 8 36.4% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 4.5% - 0.0% 11 50.0% 1 4.5% preparation Both 7 5.1% 33 24.1% 43 31.4% 14 10.2% 6 4.4% 3 2.2% 7 5.1% 26 19.0% 5 3.6% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 66.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 16.7% 1 16.7% - 0.0% 2 Cultivation Female 3 13.0% 1 4.3% 9 39.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 4.3% - 0.0% 11 47.8% 1 4.3% Both 6 4.4% 32 23.5% 42 30.9% 14 10.3% 6 4.4% 3 2.2% 8 5.9% 26 19.1% 5 3.7% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 80.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 20.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 Sowing Female 3 13.0% 1 4.3% 9 39.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 4.3% - 0.0% 11 47.8% 1 4.3% Both 6 4.4% 33 24.1% 42 30.7% 14 10.2% 6 4.4% 3 2.2% 8 5.8% 26 19.0% 5 3.6% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 75.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 25.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 Weeding Female 3 12.0% 3 12.0% 10 40.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 11 44.0% 1 4.0% Both 6 4.4% 31 23.0% 42 31.1% 14 10.4% 6 4.4% 3 2.2% 8 5.9% 26 19.3% 5 3.7% Male 2 20.0% 1 10.0% 6 60.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 10.0% 1 10.0% 1 10.0% - 0.0% Pesticide 5 Female 2 8.7% 1 4.3% 9 39.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 4.3% 11 47.8% 1 4.3% spraying Both 5 3.8% 32 24.2% 40 30.3% 14 10.6% 6 4.5% 2 1.5% 7 5.3% 26 19.7% 5 3.8% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 57.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 28.6% 1 14.3% - 0.0% 6 Harvest Female 2 10.5% 2 10.5% 6 31.6% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 10 52.6% 1 5.3% Both 7 5.1% 32 23.2% 45 32.6% 13 9.4% 6 4.3% 3 2.2% 7 5.1% 27 19.6% 5 3.6% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 75.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 25.0% - 0.0% Vegetable 7 Female 3 14.3% 2 9.5% 14 66.7% - 0.0% 1 4.8% 1 4.8% - 0.0% 3 14.3% - 0.0% growing Both 2 2.2% 26 29.2% 36 40.4% 11 12.4% 3 3.4% 2 2.2% 2 2.2% 6 6.7% 3 3.4% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 8 Livestock Female - 0.0% 2 18.2% 5 45.5% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 9.1% 3 27.3% - 0.0% 135 Hung Nhan Hung Ha Tan Le Lien Hiep Phuc Khanh Thai Phuong Hong Linh Minh Khai Tan Hoa Division of town town # Unit labor Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Per % % % % % % % % % on on on on on on on on son Both 3 3.5% 18 20.9% 45 52.3% 7 8.1% 4 4.7% 3 3.5% 1 1.2% 6 7.0% 2 2.3% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% Small 9 Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% business Both 3 27.3% 1 9.1% 6 54.5% 1 9.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 18.2% 1 9.1% - 0.0% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 100.0 Female - 0.0% 2 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 10 Workers % 100.0 Both - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% % Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Labor 11 migration Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% (domestic) Both - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 136 Table 2.23: Participate in Community Activities Hung Nhan Hung Ha Tan Le Lien Hiep Phuc Khanh Thai Phuong Hong Linh Minh Khai Tan Hoa town town # Activity Unit Pers Perso Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers % % % % % % % % % on n on on on on on on on 15.8 35.1 1.8 1.8 1.8 31.6 Male 3 5.3% 9 20 5 8.8% 1 1 1 18 2 3.5% % % % % % % Attend Femal 33.3 11.1 22.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.6 11.1 1 community e 3 % 1 % 2 % - 0.0% - % - % - % 5 % 1 % meetings 18.2 34.5 10.0 5.5 6.4 7.3 14.5 Both 10 9.1% 20 38 11 6 7 8 16 4 3.6% % % % % % % % 42.2 11.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 24.4 Male 2 4.4% 4 8.9% 19 5 1 1 1 11 3 6.7% % % % % % % Participate Femal 20.0 40.0 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.0 2 in decision e 3 % 6 % 2 % - 0.0% - % - % - % 6 % 1 6.7% making 22.1 36.5 10.6 5.8 3.8 6.7 14.4 Both 6 5.8% 23 38 11 6 4 7 15 - 0.0% % % % % % % % 45.2 11.9 2.4 0.0 2.4 26.2 Male 1 2.4% 2 4.8% 19 5 1 - 1 11 3 7.1% % % % % % % Join local Femal 30.8 15.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.2 3 organization e 1 7.7% 4 % 2 % - 0.0% - % - % 0 % 6 % 1 7.7% s 18.3 35.8 5.5 6.4 7.3 15.6 Both 10 9.2% 20 39 8 7.3% 6 7 8 17 4 3.7% % % % % % % 70.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 12.5 Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 17 - 0.0% - - - 4 3 % % % % % % Femal 10.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.0 10.0 4 Others e - 0.0% 1 % 2 % - 0.0% - % - % - % 6 % 1 % 74.5 0.0 3.9 2.0 13.7 Both 4 7.8% 3 5.9% 38 - 0.0% - 2 1 7 - 0.0% % % % % % 137 Survey sample shows that there is only one Ethnic Minority in Tan Le commune, this family move from the Northern mountainous region to the plain area and living with Kinh people. There is nothing different from this family and others on the aspects of economic activities, language and culture. This household would be affected with about 35 m2 of non-residential land, accounts with a small rate from the total land the household holding. Table 2. 24: Number of Affected Ethnic Minority Households by Commune Number of affected Total number of District Commune affected HH Ethnic Minority Number of persons households Tan Le 54 1 1 Hung Nhan town 119 - Lien Hiep 189 - Phuc Khanh 53 - Hung - Thai Phuong 12 Ha Hung Ha town 22 - Hong Linh 30 - Minh Khai 95 - Tan Hoa 8 - Total 582 1 1 Table 2. 25: Project Impacts on Land and House of the Ethnic Minority Affected residential Affected agricultural Affected house land land District Commune No. of No. of No. of Area (m2) Area (m2) Area (m2) HHs HHs HHs Tan Le 1 35 - - - - Hung Nhan - - - - - - town Lien Hiep - - - - - - Phuc Khanh - - - - - - Hung Ha Thai Phuong - - - - - - Hung Ha town - - - - - - Hong Linh - - - - - - Minh Khai - - - - - - Tan Hoa - - - - - - Total 1 35 - - - - 138 Table 2. 26: Sex-Disaggregated of the Affected Ethnic Minority Household EM Male Female Household District Commune Household members Person % Person % Tan Le 1 1 100% - 0% 1 Hung Nhan town - - - - - - Lien Hiep - - - - - - Phuc Khanh - - - - - - Hung Thai Phuong - - - - - - Ha Hung Ha town - - - - - - Hong Linh - - - - - - Minh Khai - - - - - - Tan Hoa - - - - - - Grand Total 1 1 100% - - 1 Table 2.27 shows the results of survey on the age distribution of female with less than 15 years old; from 15 to 60 years old and above 60 years old. Majority of women are at the working age. Follows by the rate of over 60 years old and then with the age under 15 years olds Table 2. 27: Age Distribution of Females from Affected Households District Commune <15 years old 15–60 years old >60 years old Total Tan Le 1 18 5 24 Hung Nhan town 12 46 13 71 Lien Hiep 12 82 14 108 Phuc Khanh 7 19 5 31 Hung Ha Thai Phuong - 6 2 8 Hung Ha town 2 9 3 14 Hong Linh 1 7 - 8 Minh Khai 4 56 8 68 Tan Hoa 3 8 2 13 Grand total 42 251 52 345 139 Table 2.28 gives the results of survey on income of female headed households. From 25 surveyed female headed households, there are 12 households (about 50%) with income from VND 3,000,000 to VND 5,000,000. About 25 % with income less than VND 3,000,000 and 25 % with income more than VND 5,000,000. Table 2. 28: Monthly Incomes of Affected Households Headed by Women Under VND 1 million– VND 3 million– Over VND District Commune VND Total VND 3 million VND 5 million 5,000,000 1,000,000 Tan Le - - 1 - 1 Hung Nhan town - 2 3 2 7 Lien Hiep - 1 5 - 6 Phuc Khanh - - - 1 1 Hung Thai Phuong - - - - - Ha Hung Ha town - - - 1 1 Hong Linh - - - - - Minh Khai 1 2 3 2 8 Tan Hoa - 1 - - 1 Grand total 1 6 12 6 25 Table 2.29 shows the detailed results of survey on the employments of the project affected HHs, table 2.30 describes about the education levels. It shows that a majority of people are at a Secondary School level. 140 Table 2. 29: Occupational Distribution of Females in Affected Households Locality Type of Hung Nhan Tan Le Lien Hiep Phuc Khanh Thai Phuong Hung Ha town Hong Linh Minh Khai Tan Hoa Total job town Pers Pers Pers Per Perso Perso Perso Perso Per Per % % % % % % % % % % on on on son n n n n son son Farming 7 5.6% 16 12.9% 40 32.3% 6 4.8% 4 3.2% 4 3.2% 6 4.8% 35 28.2% 6 4.8% 124 100% Livestock - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% Selling 5 19.2% 3 11.5% 7 26.9% 3 11.5% - 0.0% 1 3.8% 2 7.7% 4 15.4% 1 3.8% 26 100% goods Restaurant - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% /eatery Workers - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 33.3% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 66.7% - 0.0% 3 100% in factory State 1 20.0% - 0.0% 3 60.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 20.0% - 0.0% 5 100% employee Private - 0.0% 1 25.0% 2 50.0% 1 25.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 100% employee Work in transport - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% field Student/Pu 6 10.5% 10 17.5% 21 36.8% 4 7.0% 1 1.8% 2 3.5% 2 3.5% 11 19.3% - 0.0% 57 100% pupil Housewife 4 20.0% 8 40.0% 2 10.0% 4 20.0% - 0.0% 1 5.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 5.0% 20 100% Hire labor - 0.0% 2 7.4% 10 37.0% 4 14.8% 1 3.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% 10 37.0% - 0.0% 27 100% Other - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 44.4% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 22.2% - 0.0% 3 33.3% - 0.0% 9 100% Grand 23 8.3% 40 14.4% 90 32.4% 24 8.6% 6 2.2% 11 4.0% 10 3.6% 66 23.7% 8 2.9% 278 100% total Note: There are total of 345 women, including 278 women at the working age. 141 Table 2. 30: Education Attainment of Females in Affected Households Seco Not ndar Illiter Prim finished High Voca University Tota District Commune y Other ate ary high school tional and above l schoo school l Tan Le - 1 11 3 4 - 4 - 23 Hung Nhan - 10 21 11 7 1 4 - 54 Lien Hiep - 17 55 9 14 5 8 - 108 Phuc Khanh - 4 7 9 3 2 2 - 27 Hung Thai Phuong - - 6 1 1 - - - 8 Ha Hung Ha - 1 5 - 6 1 1 - 14 Hong Linh - 1 4 3 2 - - - 10 Minh Khai - 8 37 10 4 4 5 - 68 Tan Hoa - 2 6 2 2 1 - - 13 Total - 44 152 48 43 14 24 - 325 Note: There are total of 345 women, of which 20 persons have not reached school age 2. Section Vo Hoi – Diem Dien Using the socio-economic survey questionnaire prepared for RP preparation, the total number of households surveyed was 161 households in Thai Thuy and Dong Hung district; accounts for about 41% of the total affected households. Of which there are 72 severely affected households were surveyed, accounts about 50.3 % from the total number of the surveyed households. Details of survey are shown as in table 2.31. Table 2. 31: Sample of SES in each communes Number Severely Number % % of Non % of SAH of affected of from SAH SAH non SAH TT Commune with affected households survey total were with were surveyed HHs (SAH) HHs HHs surveyed survey surveyed 1 2 3 4 5 6=5/3 7 8=7/4 9 10=9/5 I Thai Thuy 343 132 138 40% 61 46.2% 77 56% Diem Dien 1.1 3 - 3 100% - - 3 100% town 1.2 Thai Son 39 16 16 41% 7 43.8% 9 56.3% 1.3 Thai Thuy 12 5 9 75% 5 100% 4 44.4% 1.4 Thuy Lien 21 5 7 33.3% 2 40% 5 71.4% 1.5 Thai Giang 104 49 38 36.5% 18 36.7% 20 52.6% 1.6 Thai Duong 89 42 36 40.4% 20 47.6% 16 44.4% 1.7 Thuy Ha 75 15 29 39% 9 60.0% 20 69.0% II Dong Hung 50 11 23 46% 11 100.0% 12 52.2% 2.1 Dong Kinh 8 - 6 75% - - 6 100.0% 2.2 Dong Tan 42 11 17 40% 11 100.0% 6 35.3% Total 393 143 161 41.0% 72 50.3% 89 55.3% 142 Household Size A majority of the affected HHs is with a family size of less than 3 persons, then follows by the size of from 3-4 persons and from 5-6 persons. There is no household from a sample of survey with more than 6 persons. The detailed results are shown as in table 2.32. Table 2. 32: Household size District/ # < 3 heads 3–4 heads 5–6 heads > 6 heads Total Commune I Thai Thuy 73 45 20 - 138 1.1 Diem Dien town 1 1 1 - 3 1.2 Thai Son 8 6 2 - 16 1.3 Thai Thuy 5 2 2 - 9 1.4 Thuy Lien 6 1 - - 7 1.5 Thai Giang 17 12 9 - 38 1.6 Thai Duong 21 12 3 - 36 1.7 Thuy Ha 15 11 3 - 29 II Dong Hung 11 11 1 - 23 2.1 Dong Kinh 2 4 - - 6 2.2 Dong Tan 9 7 1 - 17 Total 84 56 21 - 161 Gender Distribution With regard to the gender ratio, male rate (53.7%) is higher than female rate (46.3%) as average of the district and the rates are different from commune to communes. Some communes the rate of male is less and some communes the rate of male is higher than the rate of female. A detailed of surveyed results are described as in table 2.33 below. Table 2. 33: Gender Distribution of HH Member in affected communes Total Male Female Total District/ # with Number Number Number Commune % % % SES of head of head of head I Thai Thuy 138 252 53.5% 219 46.5% 471 100% Diem Dien 1.1 3 4 36.4% 7 63.6% 11 100% town 1.2 Thai Son 16 30 55.6% 24 44.4% 54 100% 1.3 Thai Thuy 9 16 51.6% 15 48.4% 31 100% 1.4 Thuy Lien 7 14 66.7% 7 33.3% 21 100% 1.5 Thai Giang 38 73 52.5% 66 47.5% 139 100% 1.6 Thai Duong 36 60 51.7% 56 48.3% 116 100% 1.7 Thuy Ha 29 55 55.6% 44 44.4% 99 100% 143 Total Male Female Total District/ # with Number Number Number Commune % % % SES of head of head of head II Dong Hung 23 43 55.1% 35 44.9% 78 100% 2.1 Dong Kinh 6 11 52.4% 10 47.6% 21 100% 2.2 Dong Tan 17 32 56.1% 25 43.9% 57 100% Total 161 295 53.7% 254 46.3% 549 100% Age distribution: The age distribution of the affected HH surveyed is described in Table 2.34 below. In the aggregate, the table below show that the rate of people at the working age (from 15 to 60) is very high and the rate of the old people (over 60 year olds) is low. This shows very positive pictures of potential labour in the project area. Table 2. 34: Age distribution of HH Member in affected communes From 15–60 # District/Commune < 15 years old >60 years old Total years old I Thai Thuy 46 375 50 471 1.1 Diem Dien town 4 5 2 11 1.2 Thai Son 2 48 4 54 1.3 Thai Thuy 3 22 6 31 1.4 Thuy Lien 1 19 1 21 1.5 Thai Giang 13 113 13 139 1.6 Thai Duong 12 87 17 116 1.7 Thuy Ha 11 81 7 99 II Dong Hung 8 68 2 78 2.1 Dong Kinh 4 17 0 21 2.2 Dong Tan 4 51 2 57 Total 54 443 52 549 Education: The surveyed results show that, 221/549 persons surveyed have reached secondary level education, closely followed by those who have had high school education (86/549); with university and above (60/549), none of illiterate. These results show with a very positive status of education of the population in a project area. 144 Table 2. 35: Education Attainment of HH Member in affected communes Prim Not yet Vocati Others Secon High District/ Illite ary finished onal University (under # dary Scho Total Commune rate Scho for high traini and above school School ol ol School ng age) I Thai Thuy - 43 200 67 68 32 46 15 471 Diem Dien 1.1 - 1 4 - 4 - 1 1 11 town 1.2 Thai Son - 7 22 11 5 4 5 - 54 1.3 Thai Thuy - 1 11 6 7 2 4 - 31 1.4 Thuy Lien - 2 11 2 3 3 - - 21 1.5 Thai Giang - 15 65 13 23 11 6 6 139 1.6 Thai Duong - 9 45 18 18 5 15 6 116 1.7 Thuy Ha - 8 42 17 8 7 15 2 99 II Dong Hung - 6 21 16 18 1 14 2 78 2.1 Dong Kinh - 3 2 1 12 0 3 - 21 2.2 Dong Tan - 3 19 15 6 1 11 2 57 Total - 49 221 83 86 33 60 17 549 Employment: The surveyed results on the occupation of the affected households with the different activities/ business such as farming, husbandry, handicraft, running shops, restaurant, state employment, working for a private sector etc. are analysed and described as in table 2.36 below. 145 Table 2. 36: Occupational Distribution of HH Member in affected communes Thai Thuy Dong Hung Diem Dien Total Job Thai Son Thai Thuy Thai Lien Thai Giang Thai Duong Thuy Ha Dong Kinh Dong Tan town Perso Pers Per Per Perso Per Pers Per Per Per % % % % % % % % % % n on son son n son on son son son Agricultural 100 1 0.4% 31 13.3% 15 6.4% 11 4.7% 66 28.3% 52 22.3% 39 16.7% - 0.0% 18 7.7% 233 activities % Husbandry - - - - 100 - 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0% 1 25.0% - 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3 75.0% 4 % Shop - - - 100 1 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2 8.0% - 0.0% 2 8.0% 0.0% 9 36.0% 11 44.0% 25 % Restaurant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 0% Workers - 100 0.0% 2 8.3% 1 4.2% 2 8.3% 10 41.7% 5 20.8% 3 12.5% - 0.0% 1 4.2% 24 % Governmental 100 - 0.0% 1 4.5% 1 4.5% - 0.0% 7 31.8% 4 18.2% 3 13.6% 4 18.2% 2 9.1% 22 Staff % 100 Private Sector - 0.0% 2 25.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 12.5% 2 25.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 37.5% 8 % Transport 100 - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 42.9% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 14.3% 2 28.6% 1 14.3% - 0.0% 7 Sector % Student 100 5 4.3% 8 6.8% 8 6.8% 4 3.4% 18 15.4% 23 19.7% 33 28.2% 7 6.0% 11 9.4% 117 % 100 Housework - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 33.3% 2 66.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 % 100 Tenant - 0.0% 10 15.2% 2 3.0% 2 3.0% 23 34.8% 9 13.6% 14 21.2% - 0.0% 6 9.1% 66 % 13.0 100 Others 3 - 0.0% 1 4.3% - 0.0% 6 26.1% 10 43.5% 3 13.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 23 % % 100 None 1 5.9% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 6 35.3% 6 35.3% 2 11.8% - 0.0% 2 11.8% 17 % 100 Total 11 2.0% 54 9.8% 31 5.6% 21 3.8% 139 25.3% 116 21.1% 99 18.0% 21 3.8% 57 10.4% 549 % 146 Social Policy Households: Social policy households receive special cash allowances from the Government on the basis of having household members who are invalids, have heroic mothers, martyrs, and those who have contributed to the revolutions. The eligible HHs to social policy is listed as in table 2.37 including the female headed households. Table 2. 37: Social Policy Households, Other Vulnerable Households and Households Headed by Women (No. of Households) Enjoy the District/ Disable # Poor FHH Elderly social Total Commune person policy I Thai Thuy 9 11 2 0 16 38 1.1 Diem Dien town - 1 - - 0 1 1.2 Thai Son 2 2 - - 3 7 1.3 Thai Thuy 2 1 1 - 2 6 1.4 Thuy Lien - - - - - 0 1.5 Thai Giang 3 1 - - 5 9 1.6 Thai Duong 2 4 1 - 4 11 1.7 Thuy Ha - 2 0 - 2 4 II Dong Hung 0 1 0 0 1 2 2.1 Dong Kinh - - - - - - 2.2 Dong Tan - 1 - - 1 2 Total 9 12 2 0 17 40 Average Monthly Income Table 2.38 shows that most of the interviewed families earn with income from VND 3,000,000 to VND 5,000,000 per month and none have monthly income less that VND 1,000,000 per month. There are 48 households from 161 surveyed households earning income with more than VND 5,000,000 per month. Table 2. 38: Average Monthly Household Income of Affected Household (in million VND) District/ < VND 1 From VND 1 to 3 From VND 3 to > VND 5 # Commune Total million million 5 million million I Thai Thuy - 28 72 38 138 Diem Dien 1.1 - 1 2 - 3 town 1.2 Thai Son - 6 5 5 16 1.3 Thai Thuy - 3 3 3 9 1.4 Thuy Lien - - 3 4 7 1.5 Thai Giang - 5 21 12 38 1.6 Thai Duong - 9 18 9 36 147 District/ < VND 1 From VND 1 to 3 From VND 3 to > VND 5 # Commune Total million million 5 million million 1.7 Thuy Ha - 4 20 5 29 II Dong Hung - 3 10 10 23 2.1 Dong Kinh - 0 2 4 6 2.2 Dong Tan - 3 8 6 17 Total - - 82 48 161 Income - Expenditure Balance: After comparing for gross income and gross expenditures, the picture on whether households have positive or negative income was derived. In the affected communes of Thai Thuy and Dong Hung district, this exercise revealed that 87% of total households end up with positive income or surplus after expenditures and 8.1% of the surveyed households are with incomes less than expenditures. Table 2. 39: Income-Expenditure Balance of Affected Household Balance of income (I) earning and expenditures (E) District/ # (I)< (E) (I) = (E) (I) > (E) Total Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % I Thai Thuy 13 6 119 138 1.1 Diem Dien town - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 100.0% 3 100% 1.2 Thai Son 2 12.5% - 0.0% 14 87.5% 16 100% 1.3 Thai Thuy 1 11.1% - 0.0% 8 88.9% 9 100% 1.4 Thuy Lien - 0.0% 1 14.3% 6 85.7% 7 100% 1.5 Thai Giang 6 15.8% 2 5.3% 30 78.9% 38 100% 1.6 Thai Duong 2 5.6% - 0.0% 34 94.4% 36 100% 1.7 Thuy Ha 2 6.9% 3 10.3% 24 82.8% 29 100% II Dong Hung - 0.0% 2 8.7% 21 91.3% 23 2.1 Dong Kinh - 0.0% 1 16.7% 5 83.3% 6 100% 2.2 Dong Tan - 0.0% 1 5.9% 16 94.1% 17 100% Total 13 8.1% 8 5.0% 140 87.0% 161 100% Credit /Access to Loan. Table 2.40 shows that the rates of the households borrow loans from Banks is high (90.9%) and other institutions (9.1%) and followed by other sources. The households said that they borrow money for farming and husbandry activities and for other businesses. Table 2.40, 2.41 described about the survey results on accessing loans and using loans from a sample of the affected households. 148 Table 2. 40: Access to Loan of Affected Female Headed Household From Loan from For other From other District/ Relative or Total # Banks Institutions Sources Commune Friend HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % I Thai Thuy 10 90.9% 1 9.1% - - - - 11 100% 1.1 Diem Dien town - - - - - - - - - - 1.2 Thai Son 3 100% - - - - - - 3 100% 1.3 Thai Thuy 1 100% - - - - - - 1 100% 1.4 Thuy Lien - - - - - - - - - - 1.5 Thai Giang 4 - - - - - - - 4 - 1.6 Thai Duong 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 - 1.7 Thuy Ha 1 - - - - - - - 1 - II Dong Hung - - - - - - - - - - 2.1 Dong Kinh - - - - - - - - - - 2.2 Dong Tan - - - - - - - - - - Total 10 90.9% 1 9.1% - - - - 11 100% Purposes of using Loans Table 2. 41: Purposes of using loans of Affected Female Headed Household Agricultural Family District/ Business Housing Others Total # Activities Expenditures Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % I Thai Thuy 1 9.1% 1 9.1% 6 54.5% 1 9.1% 2 18.2% 11 100% Diem Dien 1.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - town 1.2 Thai Son - - - - 1 33.3% 1 33.3% 1 33.3% 3 100% 1.3 Thai Thuy - - - - 1 100% - - - - 1 100% 1.4 Thuy Lien - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.5 Thai Giang 1 25% - - 3 75% - - - - 4 100% Thai 1.6 - - - - 1 50% - - 1 50% 2 100% Duong 1.7 Thuy Ha - - 1 100% - - - - - - 1 100% Dong II - - - - - - - - - - - - Hung 2.1 Dong Kinh - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.2 Dong Tan - - - - - - - - - - - - Total 1 9% 1 9% 6 55% 1 9% 2 18% 11 100% 149 Living facilities and Community Assets Almost all of the households surveyed have motorbikes, television sets, refrigerator, furniture, and sanitation facilities such as septic toilet and running water, among others. Community physical infrastructures (village and commune link roads and community social services such as schools, healthcare centers, market etc.) are available and with locations that are not far from the affected households. The survey results on asset ownership, living amenities, cooking ways, community health etc. are shown in tables from 2.42 to 2.49 below. 150 Table 2. 42: Ownership of Living Facilities of Affected Households No. of Hot District/ Motorbi Refrig Washing Gas Comp # Unit surveye Radio Tivi Bicycle Fan Cooker Pump water Commune ke erator machine Cook uter d HHs tank HH 138 44 137 125 132 138 138 61 125 12 115 23 1 I Thai Thuy % 100% 31.9% 99.3% 90.6% 95.7% 100% 100% 44.2% 90.6% 8.7% 83.3% 16.7% 0.7% Diem Dien HH 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 1.1 town % 100% 67% 100% 67% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 67% 100% 100% 33% HH 16 9 16 14 15 16 16 3 16 - 15 2 - 1.2 Thai Son % 100% 56% 100% 88% 94% 100% 100% 19% 100% 0% 94% 13% 0% HH 9 - 8 6 9 9 9 4 5 3 7 1 - 1.3 Thai Thuy % 100% 0% 89% 67% 100% 100% 100% 44% 56% 33% 78% 11% 0% HH 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 - 5 2 - 1.4 Thuy Lien % 100% 86% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 86% 100% 0% 71% 29% 0% HH 38 10 38 34 37 38 38 16 38 2 31 8 - 1.5 Thai Giang % 100% 26% 100% 89% 97% 100% 100% 42% 100% 5% 82% 21% 0% HH 36 14 36 34 32 36 36 21 29 3 32 4 - 1.6 Thai Duong % 100% 39% 100% 94% 89% 100% 100% 58% 81% 8% 89% 11% 0% HH 29 3 29 28 29 29 29 8 27 2 22 3 - 1.7 Thuy Ha % 100% 10% 100% 97% 100% 100% 100% 28% 93% 7% 76% 10% 0% HH 23 3 23 22 23 23 23 21 22 6 23 8 4 II Dong Hung % 100% 13% 100% 96% 100% 100% 100% 91% 96% 26% 100% 35% 17% HH 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 6 5 4 2.1 Dong Kinh % 100% 33% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 67% 100% 83% 67% HH 17 1 17 16 17 17 17 15 16 2 17 3 0 2.2 Dong Tan % 100% 6% 100% 94% 100% 100% 100% 88% 94% 12% 100% 18% 0% HH 161 47 160 147 155 161 161 82 147 18 138 31 5 Total % 100% 29% 99% 91% 96% 100% 100% 51% 91% 11% 86% 19% 3% 151 Table 2. 43 Water Source for Using of Affected Households Water Resources District/ Runni # Unit River, Village Rain Drilling Total Commune Well ng Creek Buying lake well water well water HH - 2 - - - - 1 135 138 I Thai Thuy % 0% 1.4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 98% 100% Diem Dien HH - 2 - - - - 1 - 3 1.1 town % 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 100.0% HH - - - - - - - 16 16 1.2 Thai Son % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% HH - - - - - - - 9 9 1.3 Thai Thuy % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% HH - - - - - - - 7 7 1.4 Thuy Lien % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% HH - - - - - - - 38 38 1.5 Thai Giang % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% HH - - - - - - - 36 36 1.6 Thai Duong % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% HH - - - - - - - 29 29 1.7 Thuy Ha % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% HH - - - - - - - 23 23 II Dong Hung % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% HH - - - - - - - 6 6 2.1 Dong Kinh % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% HH - - - - - - - 17 17 2.2 Dong Tan % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% HH - 2 - - - - 1 158 161 Total % 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 98.1% 100.0% Table 2. 44: Main Sources for Lighting of Affected Households Lighting Resources District/ # Unit Wood/ Total Commune Grid Battery Generator Oil Others Coal HH 138 - - - - - 138 I Thai Thuy % 100% - - - - - 100% HH 3 - - - - - 3 1.1 Diem Dien town % 100% - - - - - 100% HH 16 - - - - - 16 1.2 Thai Son % 100% - - - - - 100% 1.3 Thai Thuy HH 9 - - - - - 9 152 Lighting Resources District/ # Unit Wood/ Total Commune Grid Battery Generator Oil Others Coal % 100% - - - - - 100% HH 7 - - - - - 7 1.4 Thuy Lien % 100% - - - - - 100% HH 38 - - - - - 38 1.5 Thai Giang % 100% - - - - - 100.0% HH 36 - - - - - 36 1.6 Thai Duong % 100% - - - - - 100% HH 29 - - - - - 29 1.7 Thuy Ha % 100% - - - - - 100% HH 23 23 II Dong Hung % 100% - - - - - 100% HH 6 6 2.1 Dong Kinh % 100% - - - - - 100% HH 17 17 2.2 Dong Tan % 100% - - - - - 100% HH 161 - - - - - 161 Total % 100% - - - - - 100% Table 2. 45: Main Sources for Cooking of Affected Households Cooking Resources District/ No # Unit Gener Wood/ Total Commune Grid Gas/Oil Biogas Others answe ator Coal rs HH - - 92 31 - 14 1 138 I Thai Thuy % 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 22.5% 0.0% 10.1% 0.7% 100.0% HH - - 3 - - - - 3 1.1 Diem Dien town % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% HH - - 13 3 - - - 16 1.2 Thai Son % 0.0% 0.0% 81.3% 18.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% HH - - 6 2 - - 1 9 1.3 Thai Thuy % 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 100.0% HH - - 3 4 - - - 7 1.4 Thuy Lien % 0.0% 0.0% 42.9% 57.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% HH - - 18 12 - 8 - 38 1.5 Thai Giang % 0.0% 0.0% 47.4% 31.6% 0.0% 21.1% 0.0% 100.0% HH - - 27 6 - 3 - 36 1.6 Thai Duong % 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 16.7% 0.0% 8.3% 0.0% 100.0% HH - - 22 4 - 3 - 29 1.7 Thuy Ha % 0.0% 0.0% 75.9% 13.8% 0.0% 10.3% 0.0% 100.0% 153 Cooking Resources District/ No # Unit Gener Wood/ Total Commune Grid Gas/Oil Biogas Others answe ator Coal rs HH - - 23 - - - - 23 II Dong Hung % 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% HH - - 6 - - - - 6 2.1 Dong Kinh % 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% HH - - 17 - - - - 17 2.2 Dong Tan % 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% HH - - 115 31 - 14 1 161 Total % 0.0% 0.0% 71.4% 19.3% 0.0% 8.7% 0.6% 100.0% 154 Table 2. 46: Common diseases in the community Common diseases District/ # Unit Infectious No Total Commune Feel Flu Malaria Cholera Dysentery Hepatitis Other agent response HH 104 22 - - - - 2 - 10 138 I Thai Thuy % 83% 96% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 100% 86% HH 1 2 - - - - - - - 3 1.1 Diem Dien town % 33.3% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 15 - - - - - 1 - - 16 1.2 Thai Son % 93.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 9 - - - - - - - - 9 1.3 Thai Thuy % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 1 3 - - - - - - 3 7 1.4 Thuy Lien % 14.3% 42.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 42.9% 100% HH 24 11 - - - - - - 3 38 1.5 Thai Giang % 63.2% 28.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.9% 100% HH 26 5 - - - - 1 - 4 36 1.6 Thai Duong % 72.2% 13.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.8% 0.0% 11.1% 100% HH 28 1 - - - - - - - 29 1.7 Thuy Ha % 96.6% 3.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 22 1 - - - - - - - 23 II Dong Hung % 17.5% 4.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% HH 5 1 - - - - - - - 6 2.1 Dong Kinh % 22.7% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 26.1% HH 17 - - - - - - - - 17 2.2 Dong Tan % 77.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 73.9% HH 126 23 - - - - 2 - 10 161 Total % 78.3% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 6.2% 100% 155 Table 2. 47: Access to health services Traditional drug Commune health station District hospital Clinic/Nurse Pharmacy District/ treatment # Unit Commune <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m HH 19 77 26 2 1 3 4 24 1 0 0 0 34 27 16 0 0 0 0 0 Thai I 8.1% 32.9 11.1 0.9 0.4 1.3 1.7 10.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.5 11.5 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thuy % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Diem HH 2 1 - - - - 2 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1.1 Dien 33.3 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 town % % % 0.0% % % % % 0.0% % % 0.0% % % 0.0% % % % % % % HH - - 16 - - - - - - - - - - - 16 - - - - - 1.2 Thai Son 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % 0.0% % % 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % HH 3 4 - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - - - - - - Thai 1.3 23.1 30.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thuy % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - 2 5 - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - Thuy 1.4 14.3 35.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lien % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 10 27 1 - - 1 1 12 - - - - 10 9 - - - - - - Thai 1.5 Giang 14.1 38.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.4 16.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.1 12.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % 1.4% % % % % % % % 0.0% % % % % % % % % % HH 1 25 2 2 - 1 1 5 1 - - - 7 13 - - - - - - Thai 1.6 43.1 3.4 0.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 12.1 22.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Duong % 1.7% 3.4% 8.6% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 156 Traditional drug Commune health station District hospital Clinic/Nurse Pharmacy District/ treatment # Unit Commune <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m HH 3 18 2 - 1 1 - - - - - - 10 5 - - - - - - 1.7 Thuy Ha 45.0 0.0 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 7.5% 5.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 10 7 - - - - 1 6 - - - - - 10 - - 1 - - - Dong II 28.6 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 17.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.6 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Hung % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 3 3 - - - - - 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - Dong 2.1 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Kinh % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 7 4 - - - - 1 - - - - - - 10 - - 1 - - - Dong 2.2 30.4 17.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 43.5 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tan % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 29 84 26 2 1 3 5 30 1 - - - 34 37 16 - 1 - - - Total 10.8 31.2 9.7 0.7 0.4 1.1 1.9 11.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 13.8 5.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 157 Table 2. 48: Access to education services Preschool Elementary school Secondary school High school Vocational school District/ # Commune Unit <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m HH 2 2 0 0 6 10 3 0 1 11 5 0 1 1 16 0 0 0 2 9 I Thai Thuy 2.9 2.9 0.0 0.0 8.7 14.5 4.3 0.0 1.4 15.9 7.2 0.0 1.4 1.4 23.2 0.0 0.0 2.9 13.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 0.0% % % HH - - - - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - - 1 Diem Dien 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 town % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - 2 - - - - - 1.2 Thai Son 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - 1 - - - - 2 - - - - 1 - - - - 2 1.3 Thai Thuy 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 2 - - - - 1 1.4 Thuy Lien 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - 1 - - - 8 - - 1 1 - - 1 - 2 - - - - 2 1.5 Thai Giang 0.0 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 0.0 0.0 6.3 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 % 6.3% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 1 1 - - 4 1 1 - - 2 - - - - 3 - - - 2 1 1.6 Thai Duong 6.3 6.3 0.0 0.0 25.0 6.3 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.8 0.0 0.0 12.5 6.3 % 6.3% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 1 - - - 1 1 - - - 6 2 - - 1 5 - - - - 2 1.7 Thuy Ha 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.6 10.5 0.0 0.0 5.3 26.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5 % 5.3% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 158 Preschool Elementary school Secondary school High school Vocational school District/ # Commune Unit <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m HH 2 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Dong II 17 Hung % 0% 0% 0% 8% 25% 0% 0% 0% 33% 0% 0% 0% 8% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% % HH - - - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 1 - - - - - - 2.1 Dong Kinh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 2 - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - 2.2 Dong Tan 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 4 2 - - 7 13 3 - 1 15 5 - 1 2 17 - - - 2 9 Total 4.9 2.5 0.0 0.0 8.6 16.0 3.7 0.0 1.2 18.5 6.2 0.0 1.2 2.5 21.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 11.1 % 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 159 Table 2. 49: Access to other services, culture works... Market Stadium Sport area Pagoda/Temple/Church Entertainment park District/ # Unit <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k Commune m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m HH 27 87 21 0 4 7 13 0 0 0 0 0 38 49 28 0 2 1 8 0 Thai I 30.5 7.4 0.0 1.4 2.5 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.3 17.2 9.8 0.0 0.7 2.8 0.0 Thuy % 9.5% 0.0% 0.4% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Diem HH 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.1 Dien 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 town % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 1 - 15 - - - 2 - - - - - 1 - 10 - - - - - 1.2 Thai Son 51.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 3.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.4% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 7 2 - - - - - - - - - - 8 - - - 1 - - - Thai 1.3 38.9 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.4 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.0 0.0 Thuy % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - 7 - - - - 6 - - - - - - - 7 - - - 5 - Thuy 1.4 28.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 Lien % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 10 28 - - 3 6 3 - - - - - 9 21 6 - - 1 1 - Thai 1.5 11.4 31.8 0.0 0.0 3.4 6.8 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.2 23.9 6.8 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 Giang % 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 3 28 5 - - 1 2 - - - - - 9 15 4 - 1 - 2 - Thai 1.6 40.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.9 21.4 5.7 0.0 1.4 2.9 0.0 Duong % 4.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 4 22 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 11 13 1 - - - - - 1.7 Thuy Ha 41.5 1.9 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.8 24.5 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 7.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 160 Market Stadium Sport area Pagoda/Temple/Church Entertainment park District/ # Unit <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k Commune m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m HH 13 10 - - 1 3 - - - - - - 18 5 - - - 1 2 - Dong II 24.5 18.9 0.0 0.0 1.9 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 Hung % 0.0% 1.9% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 3 3 - - 1 3 - - - - - - 1 5 - - - 1 2 - Dong 2.1 15.8 15.8 0.0 0.0 5.3 15.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5 0.0 Kinh % 0.0% 0.0% 5.3% 5.3% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 10 7 - - - - - - - - - - 17 - - - - - - - Dong 2.2 29.4 20.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tan % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 40 97 21 - 5 10 13 - - - - - 56 54 28 - 2 2 10 - Total 11.8 28.7 6.2 0.0 1.5 3.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.6 16.0 8.3 0.0 0.6 3.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.6% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 161 Living standard Table 2.50 analysed about the trend of living standards of the affected households in the recent last three years. The results show that the majority of the households declared with no change (57.76 %); about 30.43 % declared that they are better off and about 11.80 % the households are worse off. Table 2. 50: Household living standard changes (last 3 years) District/ No change Better off Worse off Total # Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % I Thai Thuy 87 49 2 138 1.1 Diem Dien town 2 66.7% 1 33.3% - 0.0% 3 100% 1.2 Thai Son 14 87.5% 2 12.5% - 0.0% 16 100% 1.3 Thai Thuy 5 55.6% 4 44.4% - 0.0% 9 100% 1.4 Thuy Lien 2 28.6% 5 71.4% - 0.0% 7 100% 1.5 Thai Giang 23 60.5% 15 39.5% - 0.0% 38 100% 1.6 Thai Duong 23 63.9% 13 36.1% - 0.0% 36 100% 1.7 Thuy Ha 18 62.1% 9 31.0% 2 6.9% 29 100% II Dong Hung 6 26.1% - 0.0% 17 73.9% 23 100% 2.1 Dong Kinh 1 16.7% - 0.0% 5 83.3% 6 100% 2.2 Dong Tan 5 29.4% - 0.0% 12 70.6% 17 100% Total 93 57.76% 49 30.43% 19 11.80% 161 100% Table 2.51 shows the results of consultation for the feedback from the affected households to the project development. It shows with a very positive result that 100 % of the survey households support for the project development. It means that with the project, local people see a lot of benefits to them. Public consultation on the behaviour of people to the project Table 2. 51: Support implementation of the project District/ Yes No Total # Commune HH % HH % HH % I Thai Thuy 138 - 138 1.1 Diem Dien 3 100% - - 3 100% town 1.2 Thai Son 16 100% - - 16 100% 1.3 Thai Thuy 9 100% - - 9 100% 1.4 Thuy Lien 7 100% - - 7 100% 162 District/ Yes No Total # Commune HH % HH % HH % 1.5 Thai Giang 38 100% - - 38 100% 1.6 Thai Duong 36 100% - - 36 100% 1.7 Thuy Ha 29 100% - - 29 100% II Dong Hung 23 100% - - 23 100% 2.1 Dong Kinh 6 100% - - 6 100% 2.2 Dong Tan 17 100% - - 17 100% Total 161 100.0% - - 161 100% Gender issues and Ethnic Minority Table 2.52 shows the surveyed results analysed by the gender (male and female) by the different activities. It shows with the results that most of economic development activities are done by both men and women. However, with farming activities, women participate to the activities more than men. Table 2.53 shows that, women participate the community meetings more than men, but the rate of men making decisions is much higher than women. 163 Table 2. 52: Division of Labor Thai Thuy Dong Hung Diem Dien # Item Unit Thai Son Thai Thuy Thuy Lien Thai Giang Thai Duong Thuy Ha Dong Kinh Dong Tan town Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per % % % % % % % % % son son son son son son son son son Male - 0.0% 1 50.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Land 1 Female 1 5.6% 1 5.6% 1 5.6% - 0.0% 4 22.2% 4 22.2% 4 22.2% - 0.0% 4 22.2% preparation Both - 0.0% 14 11.2% 7 5.6% 7 5.6% 32 25.6% 30 24.0% 24 19.2% - 0.0% 11 8.8% Male - 0.0% 1 50.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 Cultivation Female 1 5.6% 1 5.6% 1 5.6% - 0.0% 4 22.2% 4 22.2% 4 22.2% - 0.0% 4 22.2% Both - 0.0% 14 11.2% 7 5.6% 7 5.6% 32 25.6% 30 24.0% 24 19.2% - 0.0% 11 8.8% Male - 0.0% 1 50.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 Sowing Female - 0.0% 1 5.6% 1 5.6% - 0.0% 4 22.2% 4 22.2% 4 22.2% - 0.0% 4 22.2% Both 1 0.8% 14 11.2% 7 5.6% 7 5.6% 32 25.6% 30 24.0% 24 19.2% - 0.0% 11 8.8% Male - 0.0% 1 50.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 Weeding Female - 0.0% 1 5.6% 1 5.6% - 0.0% 4 22.2% 4 22.2% 4 22.2% - 0.0% 4 22.2% Both 1 0.8% 14 11.2% 7 5.6% 7 5.6% 32 25.6% 30 24.0% 24 19.2% - 0.0% 11 8.8% Male - 0.0% 1 50.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Pesticide 5 spraying Female - 0.0% 1 5.9% 1 5.9% - 0.0% 4 23.5% 3 17.6% 4 23.5% - 0.0% 4 23.5% Both 1 0.8% 14 11.1% 7 5.6% 7 5.6% 32 25.4% 31 24.6% 24 19.0% - 0.0% 11 8.7% Male - 0.0% 1 50.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 6 Harvesting Female - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 8.3% - 0.0% 4 33.3% 3 25.0% 4 33.3% - 0.0% - 0.0% Both 1 0.9% 15 12.9% 7 6.0% 7 6.0% 32 27.6% 31 26.7% 24 20.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% 100.0 Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% % Vegetable 7 growing Female - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 12.5% - 0.0% 4 50.0% 3 37.5% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Both 1 1.3% 2 2.5% 7 8.8% 7 8.8% 33 41.3% 31 38.8% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 164 Thai Thuy Dong Hung Diem Dien # Item Unit Thai Son Thai Thuy Thuy Lien Thai Giang Thai Duong Thuy Ha Dong Kinh Dong Tan town Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per % % % % % % % % % son son son son son son son son son 100.0 Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% % 8 Livestock Female - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 14.3% - 0.0% 3 42.9% 3 42.9% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Both 1 1.3% - 0.0% 7 8.9% 7 8.9% 34 43.0% 31 39.2% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Small 9 Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% business Both - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 7 100.0% 100.0 Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% % 10 Workers Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 100.0 Both - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% % Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Labor 11 migration Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% (domestic) Both - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 165 Table 2. 53: Participate in Community Activities Thai Thuy Dong Hung Diem Dien # Activity Unit Thai Son Thai Thuy Thuy Lien Thai Giang Thai Duong Thuy Ha Dong Kinh Dong Tan town Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers % % % % % % % % % on on on on on on on on on Male 14.7 14.7 23.5 23.5 11.8 2.9 1 2.9% 1 2.9% 5 5 8 8 4 1 2 5.9% % % % % % % Attend community Female 16.7 16.7 25.0 16.7 0.0 16.7 1 1 8.3% - 0.0% 2 1 8.3% 2 3 2 - 2 % % % % % % meetings Both 13.5 25.2 22.5 20.7 4.5 11.7 1 0.9% 15 1 0.9% 1 0.9% 28 25 23 5 13 % % % % % % Male 19.2 15.4 26.9 15.4 3.8 - 0.0% 1 3.8% 5 2 7.7% 4 7 4 1 2 7.7% % % % % % Participate in decision Female 18.2 18.2 27.3 18.2 0.0 18.2 2 1 9.1% - 0.0% 2 - 0.0% 2 3 2 - 2 % % % % % % making Both 12.3 27.0 21.3 18.9 4.1 10.7 2 1.6% 15 2 1.6% 5 4.1% 33 26 23 5 13 % % % % % % Male 26.3 15.8 10.5 21.1 5.3 10.5 - 0.0% 1 5.3% 5 1 5.3% 3 2 4 1 2 % % % % % % Join local organization Female 18.2 18.2 27.3 18.2 0.0 18.2 3 1 9.1% - 0.0% 2 - 0.0% 2 3 2 - 2 % % % % % % s Both 11.7 25.8 24.2 18.0 3.9 10.2 2 1.6% 15 2 1.6% 6 4.7% 33 31 23 5 13 % % % % % % Male 23.5 - 17.6 11.8 23.5 5.9 11.8 - 0.0% 1 5.9% 4 0.0% 3 2 4 1 2 % % % % % % Others Female 10.0 20.0 - 20.0 20.0 20.0 0.0 20.0 4 1 - 0.0% 2 0.0% 2 2 2 - 2 % % % % % % % Both 10.9 25.8 24.2 18.0 3.9 10.2 2 1.6% 14 2 1.6% 7 5.5% 33 31 23 5 13 % % % % % % 166 No ethnic minorities in the project areas. Table 2.54 shows the results of survey on the age distribution of female with less than 15 years old; from 15 to 60 years old and above 60 years old. Majority of women are at the working age. Follows by the rate of over 60 years old and the rate of age under 15 years olds. Table 2. 54: Age Distribution of Females from Affected Households District/ # <15 years old 15–60 years old >60 years old Total Commune I Thai Thuy 21 175 23 219 1.1 Diem Dien town 2 4 1 7 1.2 Thai Son 1 22 1 24 1.3 Thai Thuy 1 10 4 15 1.4 Thuy Lien - 7 - 7 1.5 Thai Giang 7 52 7 66 1.6 Thai Duong 7 42 7 56 1.7 Thuy Ha 3 38 3 44 II Dong Hung 2 33 - 35 2.1 Dong Kinh 1 9 - 10 2.2 Dong Tan 1 24 - 25 Total 23 208 23 254 Table 2.55 gives the results of survey on income of female headed households. From 32 surveyed female headed households, there are 21 households with income from VND 3,000,000 to VND 5,000,000. There are 6 HHs with income less than VND 3,000,000 per month and 5 HHs with income more than VND 5,000,000 per month. Table 2. 55: Monthly Incomes of Affected Households Headed by Women District/ Under VND VND 1 million– VND 3 million– Over VND # 1,000,000 VND 3 million VND 5 million 5,000,000 Total Commune I Thai Thuy - 5 18 4 27 1.1 Diem Dien town - - 1 - 1 1.2 Thai Son - 1 2 - 3 1.3 Thai Thuy - 1 1 1 3 1.4 Thuy Lien - - - - - 1.5 Thai Giang - 1 6 3 10 1.6 Thai Duong - 2 6 - 8 1.7 Thuy Ha - - 2 - 2 II Dong Hung - 1 3 1 5 167 District/ Under VND VND 1 million– VND 3 million– Over VND # 1,000,000 VND 3 million VND 5 million 5,000,000 Total Commune 2.1 Dong Kinh - - - 1 1 2.2 Dong Tan - 1 3 - 4 Total - - 21 5 32 Table 2.56 shows the detailed results of survey on the employments of the project affected HHs, table 2.57 describes about the education levels. It shows that a majority of people are at a Secondary School level. 168 Table 2. 56: Occupational Distribution of Females in Affected Households Thai Thuy Dong Hung Diem Dien Total Job Thai Son Thai Thuy Thuy Lien Thai Giang Thai Duong Thuy Ha Dong Kinh Dong Tan town Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers % % % % % % % % % % on on on on on on on on on on Agricultural 0.7 13.4 25.4 23.1 20.1 1 18 10 7.5% 6 4.5% 34 31 27 1 0.7% 6 4.5% 134 100% activities % % % % % 0.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 Husbandry - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 1 3 100% % % % % 10.0 10.0 10.0 20.0 50.0 Shop 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% 2 5 10 100% % % % % % 0.0 Restaurant - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 100% % 0.0 15.4 38.5 23.1 Workers - 2 - 0.0% - 0.0% 5 1 7.7% 1 7.7% 1 7.7% 3 13 100% % % % % Governmenta 0.0 10.0 50.0 20.0 20.0 - - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% 5 - 0.0% 2 - 0.0% 2 10 100% l Staff % % % % % Private 0.0 50.0 50.0 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 2 100% Sector % % % Transport 0.0 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 100% Sector % 8.7 17.4 26.1 23.9 Student 4 2 4.3% 4 8.7% - 0.0% 8 12 11 2 4.3% 3 6.5% 46 100% % % % % 0.0 33.3 66.7 Housework - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 2 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 100% % % % 0.0 14.3 50.0 21.4 Tenant - 2 - 0.0% - 0.0% 7 1 7.1% 1 7.1% - 0.0% 3 14 100% % % % % 9.1 27.3 36.4 18.2 Others 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 4 1 9.1% 2 0 0.0% 11 100% % % % % Under 0.0 25.0 37.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 3 1 1 1 8 100% Working age % % % % % % 2.8 9.4 5.9 2.8 26.0 22.0 17.3 100% Total 7 24 15 7 66 56 44 10 3.9% 25 9.8% 254 % % % % % % % 169 Table 2. 57: Education Attainment of Females in Affected Households Not Universi Under District/ Seconda finished High Voca # Illiterate Primary ry school high school tional ty and School Total Commune above age school I Thai Thuy - 24 113 24 25 9 18 6 219 Diem Dien 1.1 - - 4 - 2 - 1 - 7 town 1.2 Thai Son - 4 10 6 3 - 1 - 24 1.3 Thai Thuy - - 8 4 1 - 2 - 15 1.4 Thuy Lien - 1 5 1 - - - - 7 1.5 Thai Giang - 10 34 1 11 5 3 2 66 1.6 Thai Duong - 7 29 4 7 2 4 3 56 1.7 Thuy Ha - 2 23 8 1 2 7 1 44 II Dong Hung - 2 7 9 10 - 7 - 35 2.1 Dong Kinh - 1 - 1 7 - 1 - 10 2.2 Dong Tan - 1 7 8 3 - 6 - 25 Total - 26 120 33 35 9 25 6 254 3. Section Quan Goi – Yen Lenh Using the socio-economic survey questionnaire prepared for RP preparation, the total number of households surveyed was 278 households; accounts for about 37.1% of the total affected households. Details of survey are shown as in table 2.58. There are 237 of severely affected HHs by the project. Table 2. 58: Sample of SES in each communes % Number Number of Number of Number % Number Number of of socio- Number of severely socio- % socio- of socio- of socio- District/ socio- economic # Commune affected affected economic economic economic economic survey economic households households survey survey survey survey non- survey non- (SAH) households SAH SAH SAH SAH 1 2 3 4 5 6=5/3 7 8=7/4 9 10=9/5 I My Hao 10 - 10 100% - 0.0% 10 100% 1.1 Minh Duc 10 - 10 100% - - 10 100% II Binh Giang 208 107 79 38% 47 43.9% 32 40.5% 2.1 Hung Thinh 27 19 16 59% 10 53% 6 37.5% 2.2 Vinh Tuy 63 17 25 39.7% 9 53% 16 64.0% 2.3 Vinh Hong 12 8 6 50.0% 5 62.5% 1 16.7% 2.4 Trang Liet 33 30 15 45.5% 12 40.0% 3 20.0% 2.5 Thuc Khang 73 33 17 23% 11 33.3% 6 35.3% III An Thi 451 71 160 35% 38 53.5% 122 76% 3.1 Phu Ung 43 6 19 44% 6 100.0% 13 68.4% 170 % Number Number of Number of Number % Number Number of of socio- Number of severely socio- % socio- of socio- of socio- District/ socio- economic # Commune affected affected economic economic economic economic survey economic households households survey survey survey survey non- survey non- (SAH) households SAH SAH SAH SAH 3.2 Bai Say 184 1 57 31% 1 100.0% 56 98.2% 3.3 Tan Phuc 26 - 10 38% - 0.0% 10 100.0% 3.4 Quang Vinh 78 34 28 36% 11 32.4% 17 60.7% 3.5 An Thi town 34 22 13 38% 12 54.5% 1 7.7% 3.6 Quang Lang 86 8 33 38% 8 100.0% 25 75.8% IV Kim Dong 80 59 29 36% 19 32.2% 10 34% 4.1 Nghia Dan 80 59 29 36% 19 32.2% 10 34.5% Total 749 237 278 37.1% 104 43.9% 174 63% Household Size A majority of the affected HHs is with a family size of less than 3 persons, and then follows by the size of from 3 to 4 persons and from 5 to 6 persons. There is no household from a sample of survey with more than 6 persons. The detailed results are shown as in table 2.59 Table 2. 59: Household size District/ # < 3 heads 3–4 heads 5–6 heads > 6 heads Total Commune I My Hao 7 3 - - 10 1.1 Minh Duc 7 3 - - 10 II Binh Giang 53 15 11 - 79 2.1 Hung Thinh 7 4 5 - 16 2.2 Vinh Tuy 19 6 - - 25 2.3 Vinh Hong 5 - 1 - 6 2.4 Trang Liet 8 3 4 - 15 2.5 Thuc Khang 14 2 1 - 17 III An Thi 74 66 20 - 160 3.1 Phu Ung 11 7 1 - 19 3.2 Bai Say 17 26 14 - 57 3.3 Tan Phuc 3 7 - - 10 3.4 Quang Vinh 17 8 3 - 28 3.5 An Thi town 10 3 - - 13 3.6 Quang Lang 16 15 2 - 33 IV Kim Dong 16 10 3 - 29 4.1 Nghia Dan 16 10 3 - 29 Total 150 94 34 - 278 171 Gender Distribution With regard to the gender ratio, male rate (52.5%) is higher than female rate (47.5%) as average of the district and the rates are different from commune to communes. Some communes the rate of male is less and some communes the rate of male is higher than the rate of female. A detailed of surveyed results are described as in table 2.60 below. Table 2. 60: Gender Distribution of HH Member in affected communes District/ No. of SES Male Female # Commune HH Person % Person % I My Hao 10 12 48.0% 13 52.0% 1.1 Minh Duc 10 12 48.0% 13 52.0% II Binh Giang 79 123 50.4% 121 49.6% 2.1 Hung Thinh 16 29 50.9% 28 49.1% 2.2 Vinh Tuy 25 40 54.1% 34 45.9% 2.3 Vinh Hong 6 8 44.4% 10 55.6% 2.4 Trang Liet 15 24 49.0% 25 51.0% 2.5 Thuc Khang 17 22 47.8% 24 52.2% III An Thi 160 292 52.4% 265 47.6% 3.1 Phu Ung 19 33 54.1% 28 45.9% 3.2 Bai Say 57 118 53.9% 101 46.1% 3.3 Tan Phuc 10 14 38.9% 22 61.1% 3.4 Quang Vinh 28 49 53.3% 43 46.7% 3.5 An Thi town 13 20 55.6% 16 44.4% 3.6 Quang Lang 33 58 51.3% 55 48.7% IV Kim Dong 29 56 59.6% 38 40.4% 4.1 Nghia Dan 29 56 59.6% 38 40.4% Total 278 483 52.5% 437 47.5% Age distribution: The age distribution of the affected HH surveyed is described in Table 2.61 below. In the aggregate, the table below show that the rate of people at the working age (from 15 to 60) is very high and the rate of the old people (over 60 year olds) is low. This shows very positive pictures of potential labour in the project area. 172 Table 2. 61: Age distribution of HH Member in affected communes District/ # <15 years old 15–60 years old >60 years old Total Commune I My Hao 4 19 2 25 1.1 Minh Duc 4 19 2 25 II Binh Giang 9 195 40 244 2.1 Hung Thinh 3 46 8 57 2.2 Vinh Tuy 3 62 9 74 2.3 Vinh Hong 2 16 - 18 2.4 Trang Liet 1 39 9 49 2.5 Thuc Khang - 32 14 46 III An Thi 67 430 60 557 3.1 Phu Ung 1 51 9 61 3.2 Bai Say 43 164 12 219 3.3 Tan Phuc 7 24 5 36 3.4 Quang Vinh 3 75 14 92 3.5 An Thi town 1 29 6 36 3.6 Quang Lang 12 87 14 113 IV Kim Dong 11 66 17 94 4.1 Nghia Dan 11 66 17 94 Total 91 710 119 920 Education: The surveyed results show that, 452/920 person surveyed have reached secondary level education, closely followed by those who have had high school education (164/920); with university (46/920), none of illiterate. These results show with a very positive status of education of the population in a project area. Table 2. 62: Education Attainment of HH Member in affected communes Not Other District/ Illiter Prim Secondary finished High Vocat University (under # Total Commune ate ary school high school ional and above school school age) I My Hao - 2 16 1 6 - - - 25 1.1 Minh Duc - 2 16 1 6 - - - 25 II Binh Giang - 15 124 21 55 13 13 3 244 2.1 Hung Thinh - 2 27 8 13 3 3 1 57 2.2 Vinh Tuy - 8 29 10 16 8 2 1 74 173 Not Other District/ Illiter Prim Secondary finished High Vocat University (under # Total Commune ate ary school high school ional and above school school age) 2.3 Vinh Hong - 1 10 1 3 - 2 1 18 2.4 Trang Liet - - 29 - 15 1 4 - 49 2.5 Thuc Khang - 4 29 2 8 1 2 - 46 III An Thi - 56 258 64 93 28 32 26 557 3.1 Phu Ung - 6 37 3 8 4 3 - 61 3.2 Bai Say - 31 92 35 25 9 11 16 219 3.3 Tan Phuc - 2 10 1 17 1 2 3 36 3.4 Quang Vinh - 7 45 7 17 7 6 3 92 3.5 An Thi town - - 23 1 7 - 5 - 36 3.6 Quang Lang - 10 51 17 19 7 5 4 113 IV Kim Dong - 10 54 12 10 4 1 3 94 4.1 Nghia Dan - 10 54 12 10 4 1 3 94 Total - 83 452 98 164 45 46 32 920 Employment: The surveyed results on the occupation of the affected households with the different activities/ business such as farming, husbandry, handicraft, running shops, restaurant, state employment, working for a private sector etc. are analysed and described as in table 2.63 below. Table 2. 63 Occupational Distribution of HH Member in affected communes My Hao district Binh Giang district Job Minh Duc Hung Thinh Vinh Tuy Vinh Hong Trang Liet Thuc Khang P % P % P % P % P % P % Farming 12 2.5% 28 5.8% 37 7.7% 9 1.9% 26 5.4% 26 5.4% Livestock - 0.0% 1 11.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 11.1% Selling goods 4 5.8% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 2.9% 2 2.9% Restaurant/ eatery - 0% 2 0% - 0% - 0% - 0% - 0% Workers in factory 1 1.8% 1 1.8% 5 8.9% 3 5.4% 5 8.9% - 0.0% State employee 1 2.3% - 0.0% 3 7.0% 1 2.3% 1 2.3% 1 2.3% Private employee - 0.0% 2 10.0% 1 5.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Work in transport field - 0.0% 1 10.0% 1 10.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Student/Pupil 6 2.9% 10 4.9% 12 5.9% 4 2.0% 8 3.9% 3 1.5% Housewife - 0.0% 1 6.3% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 6.3% Hire labor 1 0.9% - 0.0% 12 10.7% - 0.0% 2 1.8% 2 1.8% Other - 0.0% 9 12.9% 3 4.3% - 0.0% 5 7.1% 9 12.9% Under working age - 0.0% 2 6.5% - 0.0% 1 3.2% - 0.0% 1 3.2% Total 25 2.2% 57 5.1% 74 6.6% 18 1.6% 49 4.4% 46 4.1% 174 An Thi district Job Phu Ung Bai Say Tan Phuc Quang Vinh An Thi town Quang Lang P % P % P % P % P % P % Farming 23 4.8% 82 17.0% 6 1.2% 42 8.7% 23 4.8% 38 7.9% Livestock - 0.0% 2 22.2% - 0.0% 1 11.1% - 0.0% 1 11.1% Selling goods 1 1.4% 15 21.7% 6 8.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% 5 7.2% Restaurant/ eatery - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% - 0.0% 1 0.0% Workers in factory 6 10.7% 6 10.7% 3 5.4% 3 5.4% 3 5.4% 7 12.5% State employee 4 9.3% 6 14.0% 3 7.0% 4 9.3% 5 11.6% 4 9.3% Private employee - 0.0% 5 25.0% - 0.0% 3 15.0% - 0.0% 3 15.0% Work in transport field - 0.0% 3 30.0% 1 10.0% 1 10.0% - 0.0% 2 20.0% Student/Pupil 9 4.4% 55 27.0% 7 3.4% 11 5.4% 5 2.5% 19 9.3% Housewife 4 25.0% - 0.0% 2 12.5% 1 6.3% - 0.0% 3 18.8% Hire labor 13 11.6% 13 11.6% 1 0.9% 22 19.6% - 0.0% 21 18.8% Other 1 1.4% 16 22.9% 5 7.1% 2 2.9% - 0.0% 8 11.4% Under working age - 0.0% 16 51.6% 2 6.5% 2 6.5% - 0.0% 1 3.2% Total 61 5.4% 219 19.4% 36 3.2% 92 8.2% 36 3.2% 113 10.0% Kim Dong district Total Job Nghia Dan P % Person % Farming 58 12.0% 410 100% Livestock 1 11.1% 7 100% Selling goods 1 1.4% 36 100% Restaurant/ eatery 0 0.0% 3 100% Workers in factory 3 5.4% 46 100% State employee 0 0.0% 33 100% Private employee 2 10.0% 16 100% Work in transport field 0 0.0% 9 100% Student/Pupil 13 6.4% 162 100% Housewife 0 0.0% 12 100% Hire labor 13 11.6% 100 100% Other 1 1.4% 59 100% Under working age 2 6.5% 27 100% Total 94 8.3% 920 100% 175 Social Policy Households: Social policy households receive special cash allowances from the Government on the basis of having household members who are invalids, have heroic mothers, martyrs, and those who have contributed to the revolutions. The eligible HHs to social policy is with 60 households. Of which, the Single Female Headed Households is 8 households, accounts of about 13.3%. Table 2.64: Social Policy Households, Other Vulnerable Households and Single Female Headed Households (No. of Households) Single Entitled to District/ Female Ethnic Lonely # Poor Headed minorities elder social Total Commune assistance Household I My Hao - 1 - - - 1 1.1 Minh Duc - 1 - - - 1 II Binh Giang 3 4 - 1 11 19 2.1 Hung Thinh - 1 - - 3 4 2.2 Vinh Tuy 2 - - 1 7 10 2.3 Vinh Hong - - - - - - 2.4 Trang Liet 1 3 - - 1 5 2.5 Thuc Khang - - - - - - III An Thi 12 2 1 1 20 36 3.1 Phu Ung 1 1 - - - 2 3.2 Bai Say 4 - - - 5 9 3.3 Tan Phuc 1 - - 1 3 5 3.4 Quang Vinh 3 1 - - 3 7 3.5 An Thi town 1 - - - 3 4 3.6 Quang Lang 2 - 1 - 6 9 IV Kim Dong 1 1 - - 2 4 4.1 Nghia Dan 1 1 - - 2 4 Total 16 8 1 2 33 60 Average Monthly Income Table 2.65 shows that most of the interviewed families earn with income from VND 3,000,000 to VND 5,000,000 per month and no family have monthly income less than VND 1,000,000. There are 81 households from 278 surveyed households earning income with more than VND 5,000,000 per month. Table 2. 65: Average Monthly Household Income of Affected Household (in million VND) District/ VND 5 # Commune million < VND 3 million VND 5 million million Total I My Hao - 1 6 3 10 1.1 Minh Duc - 1 6 3 10 II Binh Giang - 16 45 18 79 176 District/ VND 5 # Commune million < VND 3 million VND 5 million million Total 2.1 Hung Thinh - 3 7 6 16 2.2 Vinh Tuy - 5 13 7 25 2.3 Vinh Hong - - 5 1 6 2.4 Trang Liet - 4 8 3 15 2.5 Thuc Khang - 4 12 1 17 III An Thi - 16 93 51 160 3.1 Phu Ung - - 13 6 19 3.2 Bai Say - 6 33 18 57 3.3 Tan Phuc - 1 2 7 10 3.4 Quang Vinh - 4 14 10 28 3.5 An Thi town - 2 11 - 13 3.6 Quang Lang - 3 20 10 33 IV Kim Dong - 10 10 9 29 4.1 Nghia Dan - 10 10 9 29 Total - 43 154 81 278 Income - Expenditure Balance: After comparing for gross income and gross expenditures, the picture on whether households have positive or negative income was derived. In the affected communes, this exercise revealed that 87% of total households end up with positive income or surplus after expenditures and 8.3% of the surveyed households are with incomes less than expenditures. Table 2. 66: Income-Expenditure Balance of Affected Household District/ IncomeExpense Total # Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % I My Hao - 0.0% - 0.0% 10 100.0% 10 100% 1.1 Minh Duc - 0.0% - 0.0% 10 100.0% 10 100% II Binh Giang 5 6.3% 2 2.5% 72 91.1% 79 100% 2.1 Hung Thinh 3 18.8% - 0.0% 13 81.3% 16 100% 2.2 Vinh Tuy 1 4.0% 2 8.0% 22 88.0% 25 100% 2.3 Vinh Hong - 0.0% - 0.0% 6 100.0% 6 100% 2.4 Trang Liet 1 6.7% - 0.0% 14 93.3% 15 100% 2.5 Thuc Khang - 0.0% - 0.0% 17 100.0% 17 100% III An Thi 14 8.8% 8 5.0% 138 86.3% 160 100% 3.1 Phu Ung 1 5.3% - 0.0% 18 94.7% 19 100% 3.2 Bai Say 10 17.5% 5 8.8% 42 73.7% 57 100% 3.3 Tan Phuc 2 20.0% - 0.0% 8 80.0% 10 100% 3.4 Quang Vinh 1 3.6% 3 10.7% 24 85.7% 28 100% 177 District/ IncomeExpense Total # Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % 3.5 An Thi town - 0.0% - 0.0% 13 100.0% 13 100% 3.6 Quang Lang - 0.0% - 0.0% 33 100.0% 33 100% IV Kim Dong 4 13.8% 3 10.3% 22 75.9% 29 100% 4.1 Nghia Dan 4 13.8% 3 10.3% 22 75.9% 29 100% Total 23 8.3% 13 4.7% 242 87% 278 100% Credit /Access to Loan Table 2.67 shows that households only borrow loans from Banks 83.3% and other institutions 16.7% the households said that they borrow money for farming and husbandry activities and for other businesses. Table 2.67, 2.68 described about the survey results on accessing loans and using loans from a sample of the affected households. Table 2. 67 Access to Loan of Affected Female Headed Household Loans from Loans from Loans from Loans from District/ other relatives, Total # banks other sources Commune institutions friends HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % I My Hao - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 - 1.1 Minh Duc - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% II Binh Giang 3 75.0% 1 25.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 100% 2.1 Hung Thinh 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% 2.2 Vinh Tuy - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 2.3 Vinh Hong - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 2.4 Trang Liet - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% 2.5 Thuc Khang 2 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% III An Thi 7 87.5% 1 12.5% - 0.0% - 0.0% 8 100% 3.1 Phu Ung 3 75.0% 1 25.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 100% 3.2 Bai Say - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 3.3 Tan Phuc 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% 3.4 Quang Vinh 2 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% 3.5 An Thi town - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 3.6 Quang Lang 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% IV Kim Dong - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 4.1 Nghia Dan - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% Total 10 83.3% 2 16.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% 12 100% 178 Purposes of using Loans Table 2. 68: Purposes of using loans of Affected Female Headed Household Agricultural Household Building District/ Business Other Total # production expenditure houses Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % I My Hao - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 0% 1.1 Minh Duc - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% II Binh Giang 2 50.0% - 0.0% 1 25.0% 1 25.0% - 0.0% 4 100% 2.1 Hung Thinh 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% 2.2 Vinh Tuy - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 2.3 Vinh Hong - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 100.0 2.4 Trang Liet - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% % 2.5 Thuc Khang 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% 2 100% III An Thi 2 25.0% - 0.0% 4 50.0% 1 12.5% 1 12.5% 8 100% 3.1 Phu Ung 2 50.0% - 0.0% 1 25.0% 1 25.0% - 0.0% 4 100% 3.2 Bai Say - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 100.0 3.3 Tan Phuc - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% % 100.0 3.4 Quang Vinh - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% % 3.5 An Thi town - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 100.0 3.6 Quang Lang - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 1 100% % IV Kim Dong - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 4.1 Nghia Dan - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% Total 4 33.3% - - 5 41.7% 2 16.7% 1 8.3% 12 100% Living facilities and Community Assets Almost all of the households surveyed have motorbikes, television sets, refrigerator, furniture, and sanitation facilities such as septic toilet and running water, among others. Community physical infrastructures (village and commune link roads and community social services such as schools, healthcare centers, market etc.) are available and with locations that are not far from the affected households. The survey results on asset ownership, living amenities, cooking ways, community health etc. are shown in tables from 2.69 to 2.76 below. 179 Table 2. 69: Ownership of Living Facilities of Affected Households No.of Hot District/ Motor- Electric Washing Gas Comp # Unit surveyed Radio Tivi bike Bicycle fan Cooker Fridge Pump machine stove water uter Commune HHs tank HH 10 2 10 9 10 10 10 8 8 - 10 1 - I My Hao % 100% 20% 100% 90% 100% 100% 100% 80% 80% 0% 100% 10% 0% HH 10 2 10 9 10 10 10 8 8 - 10 1 - 1.1 Minh Duc % 100% 20% 100% 90% 100% 100% 100% 80% 80% 0% 100% 10% 0% Há»™ 79 34 78 69 76 78 78 44 74 10 73 20 6 II Binh Giang % 100% 43% 99% 87% 96% 99% 99% 56% 94% 13% 92% 25% 8% HH 16 2 15 15 14 15 15 10 12 4 14 4 4 2.1 Hung Thinh % 100% 13% 94% 94% 88% 94% 94% 63% 75% 25% 88% 25% 25% HH 25 20 25 21 25 25 25 16 25 4 25 14 1 2.2 Vinh Tuy % 100% 80% 100% 84% 100% 100% 100% 64% 100% 16% 100% 56% 4% HH 6 - 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 - 6 - - 2.3 Vinh Hong % 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 83% 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% HH 15 2 15 12 14 15 15 7 15 2 12 2 1 2.4 Trang Liet % 100% 13% 100% 80% 93% 100% 100% 47% 100% 13% 80% 13% 7% HH 17 10 17 15 17 17 17 6 16 - 16 - - 2.5 Thuc Khang % 100% 59% 100% 88% 100% 100% 100% 35% 94% 0% 94% 0% 0% HH 160 47 158 147 152 160 160 107 158 20 154 26 13 III An Thi % 100% 29% 99% 92% 95% 100% 100% 67% 99% 13% 96% 16% 8% HH 19 6 19 19 19 19 19 12 19 - 19 1 - 3.1 Phu Ung % 100% 32% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 63% 100% 0% 100% 5% 0% HH 57 20 57 53 50 57 57 37 57 12 55 15 10 3.2 Bai Say % 100% 35% 100% 93% 88% 100% 100% 65% 100% 21% 96% 26% 18% HH 10 4 10 9 10 10 10 9 10 6 10 5 2 3.3 Tan Phuc % 100% 40% 100% 90% 100% 100% 100% 90% 100% 60% 100% 50% 20% HH 28 13 27 24 27 28 28 19 26 2 25 5 1 3.4 Quang Vinh % 100% 46% 96% 86% 96% 100% 100% 68% 93% 7% 89% 18% 4% 180 No.of Hot District/ Motor- Electric Washing Gas Comp # Unit surveyed Radio Tivi bike Bicycle fan Cooker Fridge Pump machine stove water uter Commune HHs tank HH 13 - 12 11 13 13 13 10 13 - 13 - - 3.5 An Thi Town % 100% 0% 92% 85% 100% 100% 100% 77% 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% HH 33 4 33 31 33 33 33 20 33 - 32 - - 3.6 Quang Lang % 100% 12% 100% 94% 100% 100% 100% 61% 100% 0% 97% 0% 0% HH 29 10 27 27 29 30 29 12 25 4 27 8 - IV Kim Dong % 100% 34% 93% 93% 100% 103% 100% 41% 86% 14% 93% 28% 0% HH 29 10 27 27 29 30 29 12 25 4 27 8 - 4.1 Nghia Dan % 100% 34% 93% 93% 100% 103% 100% 41% 86% 14% 93% 28% 0% HH 278 93 273 252 267 278 277 171 265 34 264 55 19 Total % 100% 33% 98% 91% 96% 100% 100% 62% 95% 12% 95% 20% 7% 181 Table 2. 70: Water Source for Using of Affected Households River, Well Buying District/ Tap spring, Mountain Rain Drilled # Unit Well Water pond creek shared with water from well Total Commune neighbours other water HH - - - - - - - 10 10 I My Hao % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% HH - - - - - - - 10 10 1.1 Minh Duc % 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% HH 1 - - - - - - 78 79 II Binh Giang % 1.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 98.7% 100% HH 1 - - - - - - 15 16 2.1 Hung Thinh % 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 93.8% 100% HH - - - - - - - 25 25 2.2 Vinh Tuy % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% HH - - - - - - - 6 6 2.3 Vinh Hong 100.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% % HH - - - - - - - 15 15 2.4 Trang Liet % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% HH - - - - - - - 17 17 2.5 Thuc Khang % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% HH 2 - - - - - - 158 160 III An Thi % 1.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 98.8% 100% HH - - - - - - - 19 19 3.1 Phu Ung 100.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% % HH 2 - - - - - - 55 57 3.2 Bai Say % 3.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 96.5% 100% HH - - - - - - - 10 10 3.3 Tan Phuc % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% HH - - - - - - - 28 28 3.4 Quang Vinh % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% HH - - - - - - - 13 13 3.5 An Thi town % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% HH - - - - - - - 33 33 3.6 Quang Lang % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% HH - - - - - - - 29 29 IV Kim Dong % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% HH - - - - - - - 29 29 4.1 Nghia Dan 100.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% % HH 3 - - - - - - 275 278 Total % 1.1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 98.9% 100% 182 Table 2. 71: Main Sources for Lighting of Affected Households District/ Wood/ Oil # Unit Electricity Battery Generator lamp Other Total Commune Coal HH 10 - - - - - 10 I My Hao % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% HH 10 - - - - - 10 1.1 Minh Duc % 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% HH 79 - - - - - 79 II Binh Giang % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 16 - - - - - 16 2.1 Hung Thinh % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 25 - - - - - 25 2.2 Vinh Tuy % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 6 - - - - - 6 2.3 Vinh Hong % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 15 - - - - - 15 2.4 Trang Liet % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 17 - - - - - 17 2.5 Thuc Khang % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 158 - 2 - - - 160 III An Thi % 98.8% 0.0% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 19 - - - - - 19 3.1 Phu Ung % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 55 - 2 - - - 57 3.2 Bai Say % 96.5% 0.0% 3.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 10 - - - - - 10 3.3 Tan Phuc % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 28 - - - - - 28 3.4 Quang Vinh % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 13 - - - - - 13 3.5 An Thi town % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 33 - - - - - 33 3.6 Quang Lang % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 29 - - - - - 29 IV Kim Dong % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 29 - - - - - 29 4.1 Nghia Dan % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 276 - 2 - - - 278 Total % 99.3% 0% 0.7% 0% 0% 0% 100% 183 Table 2. 72: Main Sources for Cooking of Affected Households District/ Wood/ No # Unit Grid Generator Gas/Oil Biogas answer Total Commune Coal HH - - 6 4 - - 10 I My Hao % 0.0% 0.0% 60.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 6 4 - - 10 1.1 Minh Duc % 0% 0% 60% 40% 0% 0% 100% HH - - 61 17 1 - 79 II Binh Giang % 0.0% 0.0% 77.2% 21.5% 1.3% 0.0% 100% HH - - 13 3 - - 16 2.1 Hung Thinh % 0.0% 0.0% 81.3% 18.8% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 18 6 1 - 25 2.2 Vinh Tuy % 0.0% 0.0% 72.0% 24.0% 4.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 4 2 - - 6 2.3 Vinh Hong % 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 9 6 - - 15 2.4 Trang Liet % 0.0% 0.0% 60.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 17 - - - 17 2.5 Thuc Khang % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - 1 130 19 10 - 160 III An Thi % 0.0% 0.6% 81.3% 11.9% 6.3% 0.0% 100% HH - - 19 - - - 19 3.1 Phu Ung % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - 1 44 5 7 - 57 3.2 Bai Say % 0.0% 1.8% 77.2% 8.8% 12.3% 0.0% 100% HH - - 9 1 - - 10 3.3 Tan Phuc % 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 17 9 2 - 28 3.4 Quang Vinh % 0.0% 0.0% 60.7% 32.1% 7.1% 0.0% 100% HH - - 9 4 - - 13 3.5 An Thi town % 0.0% 0.0% 69.2% 30.8% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 32 - 1 - 33 3.6 Quang Lang % 0.0% 0.0% 97.0% 0.0% 3.0% 0.0% 100% HH 1 - 17 7 4 - 29 IV Kim Dong % 3.4% 0.0% 58.6% 24.1% 13.8% 0.0% 100% HH 1 - 17 7 4 - 29 4.1 Nghia Dan % 3.4% 0.0% 58.6% 24.1% 13.8% 0.0% 100% HH 1 1 214 47 15 - 278 Total % 0.4% 0.4% 77% 16.8% 5.4% 0.0% 100% 184 Table 2. 73: Common diseases in the community District/ Infectious # Unit Feel Flu Malaria Cholera Dysentery Hepatitis No answer Total Commune agent HH 10 - - - - - - - 10 I My Hao % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 10 - - - - - - - 10 1.1 Minh Duc % 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% HH 60 11 - - - - 1 7 79 II Binh Giang % 75.9% 13.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 8.9% 100% HH 10 - - - - - - 6 16 2.1 Hung Thinh % 62.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 37.5% 100% HH 19 6 - - - - - - 25 2.2 Vinh Tuy % 76.0% 24.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 6 - - - - - - - 6 2.3 Vinh Hong % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 13 2 - - - - - - 15 2.4 Trang Liet % 86.7% 13.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 12 3 - - - - 1 1 17 2.5 Thuc Khang % 70.6% 17.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.9% 5.9% 100% HH 109 30 - - - - 13 8 160 III An Thi % 68.1% 18.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.1% 5.0% 100% HH 15 2 - - - - 2 - 19 3.1 Phu Ung % 78.9% 10.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.5% 0.0% 100% HH 21 21 - - - - 9 6 57 3.2 Bai Say % 36.8% 36.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 15.8% 10.5% 100% HH 6 2 - - - - 2 - 10 3.3 Tan Phuc % 60.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 100% HH 22 5 - - - - - 1 28 3.4 Quang Vinh % 78.6% 17.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 100% 185 District/ Infectious # Unit Feel Flu Malaria Cholera Dysentery Hepatitis No answer Total Commune agent HH 13 - - - - - - - 13 3.5 An Thi town % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 32 - - - - - - 1 33 3.6 Quang Lang % 97.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.0% 100% HH 27 - - - - - - 2 29 IV Kim Dong % 93.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.9% 100% HH 27 - - - - - - 2 29 4.1 Nghia Dan % 93.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.9% 100% HH 206 41 - - - - 14 17 278 Total % 74.1% 14.7% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5.1% 6.1% 100% 186 Table 2. 74: Access to health services Commune health station District hospital Clinic/Nurse Pharmacy Traditional drug treatment District/ # Unit Commune 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 2- >5k <1km 1-2km 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 5km m HH 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I My Hao 0.0 % 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % HH 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.1 Minh Duc 0.0 % 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % HH 49 13 - - 2 1 8 19 - - 1 0 31 - - 1 - - 1 - II Binh Giang 38.9 10.3 0.0 1.6 0.8 6.3 15.1 0.0 0.0 24.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 6 1 - - - - 1 - - - 1 - 11 - - - - - 1 - 2.1 Hung Thinh 52.4 0.0 % 28.6% 4.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.8% % % HH 14 11 - - - - 3 19 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 2.2 Vinh Tuy 22.9 39.6 0.0 % 29.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % HH 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.3 Vinh Hong 100.0 0.0 % % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % HH 13 - - - 2 - 2 - - - - - 8 - - - - - - - 2.4 Trang Liet 32.0 0.0 % 52.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.0% 0.0% 8.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % HH 10 1 - - - 1 2 - - - - - 12 - - - - - - - Thuc 2.5 46.2 0.0 Khang % 38.5% 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % HH 85 62 1 - 1 4 15 54 2 4 - 1 53 4 1 - 2 1 - - III An Thi 58.2 42.5 0.7 0.0 0.7 2.7 10.3 37.0 1.4 2.7 0.0 0.7 36.3 2.7 0.7 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 % 0.7% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 14 4 - - - - - - - - - - 13 1 - - - - - - 3.1 Phu Ung 12.5 40.6 0.0 % 43.8% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 3.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 187 Commune health station District hospital Clinic/Nurse Pharmacy Traditional drug treatment District/ # Unit Commune 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 2- >5k <1km 1-2km 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 5km m HH 27 30 - - - - 7 42 - - - - 5 1 1 - 1 - - - 3.2 Bai Say 26.3 36.8 0.0 % 23.7% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.1% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.4% 0.9% 0.9% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% % HH 4 5 1 - - - 4 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.3 Tan Phuc 25.0 20.0 30.0 0.0 % 20.0% % 5.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % HH 11 16 - - - 2 - 6 2 4 - 1 10 2 - - - 1 - - 3.4 Quang Vinh 29.1 10.9 18.2 0.0 % 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 0.0% 3.6% 7.3% 0.0% 1.8% 3.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% % % % % HH 13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An Thi 3.5 100.0 0.0 town % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % HH 16 7 - - 1 2 4 - - - - - 25 - - - 1 - - - Quang 3.6 12.5 44.6 0.0 Lang % 28.6% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 3.6% 7.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% % % % HH 6 19 - - - 4 1 3 - - 1 1 12 7 - - - - - - IV Kim Dong 11.1 35.2 0.0 0.0 7.4 1.9 5.6 0.0 1.9 22.2 13.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 6 19 - - - 4 1 3 - - 1 1 12 7 - - - - - - 4.1 Nghia Dan 35.2 22.2 13.0 0.0 % 11.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.4% 1.9% 5.6% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % HH 50 150 94 1 - 3 9 24 76 2 4 2 2 96 11 1 1 2 1 1 Total 31.3 19.6 0.0 0.6 1.9 5.0 15.8 0.4 0.4 20.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.0 % 0.2% 0.8% 0.4% 2.3% 0.2% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 188 Table 2. 75: Access to education services Preschool Elementary school Secondary school High school Vocational school District/ # Unit Commune <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m HH 2 - - - 1 2 - - 1 2 - - - - - - - - - - I My Hao 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 4.8 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 4.8% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - 1 2 - - - 1 2 - - - - - - - - - 1.1 Minh Duc 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 16.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 1 - - - 3 - - - 2 2 - - - 3 4 - - - - 3 II Binh Giang 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.1 11.1 0.0 0.0 16.7 22.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 % 5.6% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - 8 1 - - - - - - 2.1 Hung Thinh 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 44.4 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - 2 - - - 2 1 - - - 1 7 - - - - 2 2.2 Vinh Tuy 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.2 10.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 28.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 1 - - - - 6 - - - - - - 9 - 6 - - - - 1 2.3 Vinh Hong 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.2 0.0 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 9 1 4 - - - - - 2.4 Trang Liet 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.9 50 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 - 1 - - - - - 2.5 Thuc Khang 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.8 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 3 4 - - 7 18 - - - - - - 1 5 18 - - 1 1 14 III An Thi 5.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 11.7 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 8.3 30.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 1.7 23.3 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - 2 - - - 1 1 3.1 Phu Ung 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 0.0 50.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5 25.0 % 0.0 0.0% 25 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 189 Preschool Elementary school Secondary school High school Vocational school District/ # Unit Commune <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m % % HH 2 4 - - - 16 - - - - - - 17 3 9 - - - - 8 3.2 Bai Say 3.6 7.1 0.0 0.0 28.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 5.4 16.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.3 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 2 1 - - - - 2 3.3 Tan Phuc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - 1 1 2 3.4 Quang Vinh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 12.5 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - 1 3.5 An Thi town 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 1 - - - 6 - - - - - - - - - 3 - - - - - 3.6 Quang Lang 7.7 0.0 0.0 46.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 1 - - - 1 4 - - - - - - - - 2 1 - - - 1 IV Kim Dong 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - 1 4 - - - 1 - - - - 2 1 - - - 1 4.1 Nghia Dan 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 50 4 4 - - 12 24 - - 5 22 2 - 1 8 24 1 0 1 1 Total 3.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 9.4 18.9 0.0 0.0 3.9 17.3 1.6 0.0 0.8 6.3 18.9 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.8 14.2 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 190 Table 2. 76: Access to other services, culture works... Market Stadium Sport area Pagoda/Temple/Church Entertainment park District/ # Unit Commune <1 1- 2- >5 <1 1- 2- >5 <1 1- 2- >5 <1 1- 2- >5k <1 1- 2- >5 km 2km 5km km km 2km 5km km km 2km 5km km km 2km 5km m km 2km 5km km HH 9 1 - - 1 2 - - - - - - 7 3 - - - 1 - - I My Hao 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 % 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 9 1 - - 1 2 - - - - - - 7 3 - - - 1 - - 1.1 Minh Duc 35.7 4.2 0.0 4.2 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.2 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 73 5 1 - 8 11 5 - - - - - 46 5 18 - 2 3 1 1 II Binh Giang 40.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 4.5 6.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.7 2.8 10.1 0.0 1.1 1.7 0.6 0.6 % 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 16 - - - 1 - - - - - - - 12 - - - - - - - 2.1 Hung Thinh 55.2 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 19 5 1 - - 11 5 - - - - - 1 5 18 - - 1 1 1 2.2 Vinh Tuy 27.9 7.4 0.0 0.0 16.2 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 7.4 26.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 % 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 6 - - - 3 - - - - - - - 6 - - - 1 1 - - 2.3 Vinh Hong 35.3 0.0 0.0 17.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 5.9 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 15 - - - 3 - - - - - - - 11 - - - 1 1 - - 2.4 Trang Liet 48.4 0.0 0.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 3.2 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 17 - - - 1 - - - - - - - 16 13 1 - - - - - 2.5 Thuc Khang 50 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.1 24.5 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 107 53 - - 16 13 1 - - - - - 81 42 29 4 1 5 15 6 III An Thi 54.6 0.0 0.0 8.2 6.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.3 21.4 14.8 2.0 0.5 2.6 7.7 3.1 % 27% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 191 Market Stadium Sport area Pagoda/Temple/Church Entertainment park District/ # Unit Commune <1 1- 2- >5 <1 1- 2- >5 <1 1- 2- >5 <1 1- 2- >5k <1 1- 2- >5 km 2km 5km km km 2km 5km km km 2km 5km km km 2km 5km m km 2km 5km km HH 13 6 - - - 1 - - - - - - 16 2 - - - - - - 3.1 Phu Ung 34.2 15.8 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.1 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 32 25 - - 12 8 1 - - - - - 4 24 25 4 1 5 11 6 3.2 Bai Say 20.3 15.8 0.0 7.6 5.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 15.2 15.8 2.5 0.6 3.2 3.8 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 6 4 - - 1 2 - - - - - - 2 7 1 - - - 4 - 3.3 Tan Phuc 22.2 14.8 0.0 3.7 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 25.9 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.8 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 8 10 - - 1 2 - - - - - - 15 9 3 - - - - - 3.4 Quang Vinh 31 17.2 0.0 1.7 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.9 15.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 52% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 13 - - - - - - - - - - - 13 - - - - - - - An Thi 3.5 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 town % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 25 8 - - 2 - - - - - - - 31 - - - - - - - 3.6 Quang Lang 37.9 12.1 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 26 4 - - 7 - 3 - - - - - 16 1 5 - 3 - - - IV Kim Dong 40 6.2 0.0 0.0 10.8 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.6 1.5 7.7 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 26 4 - - 7 - 3 - - - - - 16 1 5 - 3 - - - 4.1 Nghia Dan 40 6.2 0.0 10.8 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.6 1.5 7.7 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 215 63 1 - 32 26 9 - - - - - 150 51 52 4 3 9 19 7 Total 33.5 9.8 0.2 0.0 5.0 4.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.4 8.0 8.1 0.6 0.5 1.4 3.0 1.1 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 192 Living standard Table 2.77 analysed about the trend of living standards of the affected households in the recent last three years. The results show that the majority of the households declared with no change (47.8%) or better (50%) and about 2.2% the households are worse off. Table 2. 77: Household living standard changes (last 3 years) District/ No change Better Worse Total # Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % I My Hao 5 50.0% 5 50.0% - 0.0% 10 100% 1.1 Minh Duc 5 50.0% 5 50.0% - 0.0% 10 100% II Binh Giang 42 53.2% 36 45.6% 1 1.3% 79 100% 2.1 Hung Thinh 8 50.0% 7 43.8% 1 6.3% 16 100% 2.2 Vinh Tuy 9 36.0% 16 64.0% - 0.0% 25 100% 2.3 Vinh Hong 4 66.7% 2 33.3% - 0.0% 6 100% 2.4 Trang Liet 8 53.3% 7 46.7% - 0.0% 15 100% 2.5 Thuc Khang 13 76.5% 4 23.5% - 0.0% 17 100% III An Thi 67 41.9% 88 55.0% 5 3.1% 160 100% 3.1 Phu Ung 5 26.3% 14 73.7% - 0.0% 19 100% 3.2 Bai Say 29 50.9% 23 40.4% 5 8.8% 57 100% 3.3 Tan Phuc 3 30.0% 7 70.0% - 0.0% 10 100% 3.4 Quang Vinh 11 39.3% 17 60.7% - 0.0% 28 100% 3.5 An Thi town 8 61.5% 5 38.5% - 0.0% 13 100% 3.6 Quang Lang 11 33.3% 22 66.7% - 0.0% 33 100% IV Kim Dong 19 65.5% 10 34.5% - 0.0% 29 100% 4.1 Nghia Dan 19 65.5% 10 34.5% - 0.0% 29 100% Total 133 47.8% 139 50% 6 2.2% 278 100% Table 2.78 shows the results of consultation for the feedback from the affected households to the project development. It shows with very positive results that nearly 100% of the survey households support for the project development. It means that with the project, local people see a lot of benefits to them. Public consultation on the behaviour of people to the project Table 2. 78: Support implementation of the project District/ Yes No Total # Commune HH % HH % HH % I My Hao 10 100% - 0.0% 10 100% 1.1 Minh Duc 10 100% - 0.0% 10 100% II Binh Giang 79 100% - 0.0% 79 100% 193 District/ Yes No Total # Commune HH % HH % HH % 2.1 Hung Thinh 16 100% - 0.0% 16 100% 2.2 Vinh Tuy 25 100% - 0.0% 25 100% 2.3 Vinh Hong 6 100% - 0.0% 6 100% 2.4 Trang Liet 15 100% - 0.0% 15 100% 2.5 Thuc Khang 17 100% - 0.0% 17 100% III An Thi 158 98.8% 2 1.3% 160 100% 3.1 Phu Ung 19 100% - 0.0% 19 100% 3.2 Bai Say 55 96.5% 2 3.5% 57 100% 3.3 Tan Phuc 10 100% - 0.0% 10 100% 3.4 Quang Vinh 28 100% - 0.0% 28 100% 3.5 An Thi town 13 100% - 0.0% 13 100% 3.6 Quang Lang 33 100% - 0.0% 33 100% IV Kim Dong 29 100% - 0.0% 29 100% 4.1 Nghia Dan 29 100% - 0.0% 29 100% Total 276 99.3% 2 0.7% 278 100% Gender issues and Ethnic Minority Table 2.79 shows the surveyed results analysed by the gender (male and female) by the different activities. It shows with the results that most of economic development activities are done by both men and women. However, with farming activities, women participate to the activities more than men. Table 2.80 shows that, women participate the community meetings more than men, but the rate of men making decisions is much higher than women. 194 Table 2. 79: Division of Labor My Hao Binh Giang Division of # Unit Minh Duc Hung Thinh Vinh Tuy Vinh Hong Trang Liet Thuc Khang labor P % P % P % P % P % P % Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 Land Female 2 6.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 3.3% 3 9.7% 1 2.7% preparation Both 6 2.5% 15 6.4% 25 10.6% 4 1.7% 11 4.7% 16 7.0% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 Cultivation Female 2 6.5% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 3.2% 3 9.7% 1 3.4% Both 6 2.5% 15 6.4% 25 10.6% 4 1.7% 11 4.7% 16 6.9% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 Sowing Female 2 6.5% - 0.0% 0 0.0% 1 3.2% 3 8.1% 1 3.7% Both 6 2.6% 15 6.4% 25 10.6% 4 1.7% 11 4.8% 16 6.7% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 Weeding Female 2 5.4% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 2.7% 3 10.3% 1 2.6% Both 6 2.2% 15 6.4% 25 10.9% 4 1.7% 11 4.6% 16 5.7% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 5 Pesticide Female 2 6.9% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 3.4% 3 10.0% 1 3.2% spraying Both 6 2.6% 15 6.4% 25 10.8% 4 1.7% 11 6.4% 16 5.7% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 6 Harvest Female 2 7.4% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 3.3% 3 13.6% 1 3.4% Both 6 2.5% 15 6.4% 25 10.5% 4 1.7% 11 6.2% 16 5.6% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 7 Vegetable Female 2 6.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 3.3% 3 10% - 0.0% growing Both 6 3.5% 15 6.4% 25 14.6% 4 2.3% 11 6.4% - 0.0% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 8 Livestock Female 2 9.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 4.5% 3 13.6% - 0.0% Both 6 3.4% 15 6.4% 25 14% 4 2.2% 11 6.2% - 0.0% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Small 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9 Female - - - - - - business Both 3 17.6% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 5.9% 1 5.9% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 10 Workers Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Both - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Labor Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 11 migration Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% (domestic) Both - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 195 An Thi district Division of An Thi # Unit Phu Ung Bai Say Tan Phuc Quang Vinh Quang Lang labor town P % P % P % P % P % P % Male - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 Land Female 2 6.7% 10 33.3% 3 10% 3 10% 1 3.3% 1 3.3% preparation Both 16 6.8% 43 18.2% 6 2.5% 25 10.6% 12 5.1% 30 12.7% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 Cultivation Female 2 6.5% 10 32.3% 3 9.7% 4 12.9% 1 3.2% 1 3.2% Both 16 6.8% 44 18.6% 6 2.5% 24 10.2% 12 5.1% 30 12.7% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 Sowing Female 2 6.5% 10 32.3% 2 6.5% 4 12.9% 1 3.2% 1 3.2% Both 16 6.8% 44 18.7% 6 2.6% 24 10.2% 12 5.1% 30 12.7% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 Weeding Female 2 5.4% 15 40.5% 3 8.1% 4 10.8% 1 3.2% 1 3.4% Both 16 7.0% 39 17.0% 6 2.6% 24 10.4% 12 5.1% 30 12.9% Male - 0.0% 4 80.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 5 Pesticide Female 2 6.9% 10 34.5% 2 6.9% 3 10.3% 1 3.2% 1 3.7% spraying Both 16 6.9% 40 14.2% 6 2.6% 25 10.8% 12 5.1% 30 12.6% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 6 Harvest Female 2 7.4% 9 33.3% 1 3.7% 3 11.3% 1 3.7% 1 3.4% Both 16 6.9% 45 18.8% 7 2.9% 25 10.5% 12 5% 30 10.4% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 7 Vegetable Female - 0.0% 14 46.7% 3 10% 3 10% 1 3.3% - 0.0% growing Both - 0.0% 40 23.4% 6 3.5% 25 14.6% 12 6.7% - 0.0% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 8 Livestock Female - 0.0% 8 36.4% 1 4.5% 3 13.6% 1 4.5% - 0.0% Both - 0.0% 46 25.8% 7 3.9% 25 14% 12 6.7% - 0.0% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Small 1 20% 0.0% 1 20% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9 Female - - - - business Both - 0.0% 9 52.9% 3 17.6% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Male 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 10 Workers Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Both - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Labor Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 11 migration Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% (domestic) Both - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 196 Kim Dong # Division of labor Unit Nghia Dan P % Male - 0.0% 1 Land preparation Female 3 10% Both 27 11.4% Male 0 0.0% 2 Cultivation Female 3 9.7% Both 27 11.4% Male - 0.0% 3 Sowing Female 4 12.9% Both 26 11.1% Male - 0.0% 4 Weeding Female 4 10.8% Both 26 11.3% Male 1 20.0% 5 Pesticide spraying Female 3 10.3% Both 26 11.2% Male - 0.0% 6 Harvest Female 3 11.1% Both 27 11.3% Male - 0.0% 7 Vegetable growing Female 3 10% Both 27 15.8% Male - 0.0% 8 Livestock Female 3 13.6% Both 27 15.2% Male - 0.0% 9 Small business Female - 0.0% Both - 0.0% Male - 0.0% 10 Workers Female - 0.0% Both - 0.0% Male - 0.0% 11 Labor migration (domestic) Female - 0.0% Both - 0.0% 197 Table 2.80: Participate in Community Activities My Hao Binh Giang # Activity Unit Minh Duc Hung Thinh Vinh Tuy Vinh Hong Trang Liet Thuc Khang P % P % P % P % P % P % Male 3 4.2% 1 1.4% 6 8.5% 1 1.4% 2 2.8% 3 4.2% Attend 1 community Female 1 7.1% 1 7.1% 1 7.1% 1 7.1% 2 14.3% 1 7.1% meetings 6 3.1% 14 7.2% 18 9.2% 4 2.1% 11 5.6% 14 7.2% Both Male 3 4.5% 1 1.5% 6 9.1% 1 1.5% 2 3% 3 4.5% Participate in 2 decision Female 1 7.1% 1 7.1% 1 7.1% 1 7.1% 2 14.3% 1 7.1% making 6 3.0% 14 7.0% 18 9.0% 4 2.0% 11 5.5% 14 7.0% Both Male 3 4.5% 1 1.5% 6 9.0% 1 1.5% 2 3.0% 3 4.5% Join local 1 7.1% 1 7.1% 1 7.1% 1 7.1% 2 14.3% 1 7.1% 3 Female organizations Both 6 3.0% 14 7.0% 18 9.0% 4 2.0% 11 5.5% 14 7.0% Male 3 4.5% 1 1.5% 6 9.1% 1 1.5% 2 3.0% 3 4.5% 4 Others Female 1 7.7% 1 7.7% 1 7.7% 1 7.7% 2 15.4% 1 7.7% Both 6 3.0% 14 7.1% 18 9.1% 4 2.0% 10 5.1% 13 6.6% An Thi district # Activity Unit An Thi Phu Ung Bai Say Tan Phuc Quang Vinh Quang Lang town P % P % P % P % P % P % 11.3 Male 8 4 5.6% - 0.0% 14 19.7% 2 2.8% 16 22.5% Attend % 1 community Female - 0.0% 2 14.3% 1 7.1% - 0.0% 1 7.1% 1 7.1% meetings Both 11 5.6% 51 26.2% 9 4.6% 14 7.2% 10 5.0% 16 8.2% 12.1 Male 8 3 4.5% - 0.0% 12 18.2% 2 3.0% 16 24.2% Participate in % 2 decision Female - 0.0% 2 14.3% 1 7.1% - 0.0% 1 7.1% 1 7.1% making Both 11 5.5% 52 26.0% 9 4.5% 16 8% 10 5.0% 16 8.0% 11.9 Male 8 4 6% - 0.0% 12 17.9% 2 3.0% 16 23.9% % Join local 3 Female - 0.0% 2 14.3% 1 7.1% - 0.0% 1 7.1% 1 7.1% organizations Both 11 5.5% 51 25.6% 9 4.5% 16 8.0% 10 5.0% 16 8.0% 12.1 Male 8 3 4.5% - 0.0% 12 18.2% 2 3.0% 16 24.2% % 4 Others Female - 0.0% 2 15.4% 1 7.7% - 0.0% 1 7.7% 1 7.7% Both 11 5.6% 52 26.4% 9 4.6% 16 8.1% 10 5.1% 16 8.1% 198 Kim Dong # Activity Unit Nghia Dan P % Male 11 15.5% Attend 1 community Female 2 14.3% meetings Both 17 8.7% Male 9 13.6% Participate in 2 14.3% 2 Female decision making Both 19 9.5% Male 9 13.4% Join local 2 14.3% 3 Female organizations Both 19 9.5% Male 9 13.6% 4 Others Female 1 7.7% Both 18 9.1% 199 There are no ethnic household in project area. Table 2.81 shows the results of survey on the age distribution of female with less than 15 years old; from 15 to 60 years old and above 60 years old. Majority of women are at the working age. Follows by the rate of over 60 years old and then with the age under 15 years olds Table 2.81: Age Distribution of Females from Affected Households District/ # <15 years old 15–60 years old >60 years old Total Commune I My Hao 2 10 1 13 1.1 Minh Duc 2 10 1 13 II Binh Giang 4 93 24 121 2.1 Hung Thinh 1 21 6 28 2.2 Vinh Tuy 2 28 4 34 2.3 Vinh Hong 1 9 - 10 2.4 Trang Liet - 20 5 25 2.5 Thuc Khang - 15 9 24 III An Thi 36 199 30 265 3.1 Phu Ung 1 21 6 28 3.2 Bai Say 22 74 5 101 3.3 Tan Phuc 5 15 2 22 3.4 Quang Vinh 1 33 9 43 3.5 An Thi town 1 13 2 16 3.6 Quang Lang 6 43 6 55 IV Kim Dong 4 28 6 38 4.1 Nghia Dan 4 28 6 38 Total 46 330 61 437 Table 2.82 gives the results of survey on income of female headed households. From 54 surveyed female headed households, there are 32 households (about 59.3%) with income from VND 3,000,000 to VND 5,000,000. About 15.3% with income less than VND 3,000,000 and 25.9% with income more than VND 5,000,000. Table 2. 82: Monthly Incomes of Affected Households Headed by Women District/ Under VND VND 1 million– VND 3 million– Over VND # 1,000,000 VND 3 million VND 5 million 5,000,000 Total Commune I My Hao - 1 2 - 3 1.1 Minh Duc - 1 2 - 3 II Binh Giang - 5 12 4 21 2.1 Hung Thinh - 1 1 2 4 2.2 Vinh Tuy - 2 3 2 7 2.3 Vinh Hong - - 2 - 2 200 District/ Under VND VND 1 million– VND 3 million– Over VND # 1,000,000 VND 3 million VND 5 million 5,000,000 Total Commune 2.4 Trang Liet - 1 3 - 4 2.5 Thuc Khang - 1 3 - 4 III An Thi - 2 18 10 30 3.1 Phu Ung - - 4 3 7 3.2 Bai Say - - 3 - 3 3.3 Tan Phuc - 1 - - 1 3.4 Quang Vinh - 1 4 5 10 3.5 An Thi town - - 3 - 3 3.6 Quang Lang - - 4 2 6 IV Kim Dong - - - - - 4.1 Nghia Dan - - - - - Total - 8 32 14 54 Table 2.83 shows the detailed results of survey on the employments of the project affected HHs, table 2.84 describes about the education levels. It shows that a majority of people are at a Secondary School level. Table 2. 83: Occupational Distribution of Females in Affected Households My Hao Binh Giang Job Minh Duc Hung Thinh Vinh Tuy Vinh Hong Trang Liet Thuc Khang P % P % P % P % P % P % Farming 12 2.9% 28 6.8% 37 9% 9 2.2% 26 6.3% 26 6.3% Livestock - 0.0% 1 14.3% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 14.3% Selling goods 4 11.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 5.6% 2 5.6% Restaurant/eatery - 0% 2 66.7% - 0% - 0% - 0% - 0% Workers in factory 1 2.2% 1 2.2% 5 10.9% 3 6.5% 5 10.9% - 0.0% State employee 1 3.0% - 0.0% 3 9.1% 1 3.0% 1 3.0% 3 13% Private employee - 0.0% 2 12.5% 1 6.3% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Work in transport - 0.0% 1 11.1% 1 11.% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% field Student/Pupil 6 3.7% 10 6.2% 12 7.4% 4 2.5% 8 4.9% 3 1.9% Housewife 0 0.0% 1 8.3% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 8.3% Hire labor 1 1.0% - 0.0% 12 12.0% - 0.0% 2 2.2% 2 2.0% Other - 0.0% 9 15.3% 3 5.1% - 0.0% 5 8.5% 9 15.3% Under working age - 0.0% 2 7.4% 0 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 3.7% Total 25 2.7% 74 8.0% 74 8% 18 2.0% 49 5.3% 46 5% 201 An Thi district An Thi Job Phu Ung Bai Say Tan Phuc Quang Vinh Quang Lang town P % P % P % P % P % P % Farming 23 5.6% 82 20.0% 6 1.5% 42 10.2% 23 5.6% 38 9.3% Livestock - 0.0% 2 28.6% - 0.0% 1 14.3% - 0.0% 1 14.3% Selling goods 1 2.8% 15 41.7% 6 16.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% 5 13.9% Restaurant/eatery - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% - 0.0% 1 33.3% Workers in factory 6 13% 6 13% 3 6.5% 3 6.5% 3 6.5% 7 15.2% State employee 4 12.1% 6 18.2% 3 9.1% 4 12.1% 5 15.2% 4 12.1% Private employee - 0.0% 5 31.3% - 0.0% 3 18.8% - 0.0% 3 18.8% Work in transport - 0.0% 3 33.3% 1 11.1% 1 11.1% - 0.0% 2 22.2% field Student/Pupil 9 5.6% 55 34% 7 4.3% 11 6.8% 5 3.1% 19 11.7% Housewife 4 13.0% 0 00% 2 16.7% 1 8.3% - 0.0% 3 18.8% Hire labor 1 1.7% 13 13.0% 1 1.0% 22 22% - 0.0% 21 21.1% Other - 0.0% 16 27.1% 5 8.5% 2 3.4% - 0.0% 8 13.6% Under working age - 0.0% 16 59.3% 2 7.4% 2 7.4% - 0.0% 1 3.7% Total 61 6.6% 101 19.1% 36 3.9% 43 8.1% 36 12.3% 113 12.3% Kim Dong Job Total Nghia Dan Farming 58 14.4% 410 100% Livestock 1 14.3% 7 100% Selling goods 1 2.8% 36 100% Restaurant/eatery - 0.0% 3 100% Workers in factory 3 6.5% 46 100% State employee - 0.0% 33 100% Private employee 2 12.5% 16 100% Work in transport field - 0.0% 9 100% Student/Pupil 13 8% 162 100% Housewife - 0.0% 12 100% Hire labor 13 13.3% 100 100% Other 1 1.7% 59 100% Under working age 2 7.4% 27 100% Total 94 10.2% 920 100% 202 Table 2. 84: Education Attainment of Females in Affected Households Other Not District/ Illite Prim Secondary High Vocat University (under # finished Total Commune rate ary school school ional and above school high school age) I My Hao - 1 7 1 4 - - - 13 1.1 Minh Duc - 1 7 1 4 - - - 13 II Binh Giang - 7 75 10 21 5 2 1 121 2.1 Hung Thinh - 1 18 3 4 1 1 - 28 2.2 Vinh Tuy - 3 17 4 7 2 - 1 34 2.3 Vinh Hong - 1 6 2 1 - - - 10 2.4 Trang Liet - - 17 - 6 1 1 - 25 2.5 Thuc Khang - 2 17 1 3 1 - - 24 III An Thi - 36 137 29 34 11 10 8 265 3.1 Phu Ung - 2 23 1 1 1 - - 28 3.2 Bai Say - 25 39 17 9 4 3 4 101 3.3 Tan Phuc - 2 11 - 7 1 - 1 22 3.4 Quang Vinh - 3 24 3 7 2 2 2 43 3.5 An Thi town - - 13 1 2 - - - 16 3.6 Quang Lang - 4 27 7 8 3 5 1 55 IV Kim Dong - 4 21 5 5 1 1 1 38 4.1 Nghia Dan - 4 21 5 5 1 1 1 38 Total - 48 240 45 64 17 13 10 437 4. Section 4 bridges of NH 38B Using the socio-economic survey questionnaire prepared for RP preparation, the total number of households surveyed was 79 households; accounts for about 35% of the total affected households. Details of survey are shown as in table 111. There are 58 of severely affected HHs by the project. Table 2. 85: Sample of SES in each communes % Number Number of Number of Number % Number Number of of socio- Number of severely socio- % socio- of socio- of socio- District/ socio- economic # Commune affected affected economic economic economic economic survey economic households households survey survey survey survey non- survey non- (SAH) households SAH SAH SAH SAH 1 2 3 4 5 6=5/3 7 8=7/4 9 10=9/5 I Gia Loc 20 5 10 50% 5 100.0% 5 50% 1 Doan Thuong 13 - 4 31% - 0.0% 4 100.0% 2 Dong Quang 7 5 6 86% 5 100.0% 1 16.7% II Thanh Mien 140 53 40 29% 23 43.4% 17 43% 203 % Number Number of Number of Number % Number Number of of socio- Number of severely socio- % socio- of socio- of socio- District/ socio- economic # Commune affected affected economic economic economic economic survey economic households households survey survey survey survey non- survey non- (SAH) households SAH SAH SAH SAH Thanh Mien 1 41 19 15 37% 10 52.6% 5 33.3% town 2 Tu Cuong 61 34 13 21% 13 38.2% - 0.0% 3 Cao Thang 38 - 12 32% - 0.0% 12 100.0% III Phu Cu 63 0 29 46% 0 0.0% 29 100% 1 Quang Hung 39 - 17 44% - 0.0% 17 100.0% 2 Doan Dao 24 - 12 50% - 0.0% 12 100.0% Total 223 58 79 35% 28 48.3% 51 65% Household Size A majority of the affected HHs is with a family size of from 3 to 4 persons, and then follows by the size of less than 3 persons and from 5 to 6 persons. There is no household from a sample of survey with more than 6 persons. The detailed results are shown as in table 2.86. Table 2. 86: Household size District/ # < 3 heads 3–4 heads 5–6 heads > 6 heads Total Commune I Gia Loc 3 7 - - 10 1.1 Doan Thuong 1 3 - - 4 1.2 Dong Quang 2 4 - - 6 II Thanh Mien 12 24 4 - 40 2.1 Thanh Mien town 2 11 2 - 15 2.2 Tu Cuong 8 4 1 - 13 2.3 Cao Thang 2 9 1 - 12 III Phu Cu 8 16 5 - 29 3.1 Quang Hung 4 8 5 - 17 3.2 Doan Dao 4 8 - - 12 Total 23 47 9 - 79 Gender Distribution With regard to the gender ratio, male rate (55.3%) is higher than female rate (44.7%) as average and the rates are different from commune to communes. Some communes the rate of male is less 204 and some communes the rate of male is higher than the rate of female. A detailed of surveyed results are described as in table 2..87 below. Table 2. 87: Gender Distribution of HH Member in affected communes No. of Male Female Total District/ # SES Commune Person % Person % Person % HH I Gia Loc 10 12 41.4% 17 58.6% 29 100% 1.1 Doan Thuong 4 5 38.5% 8 61.5% 13 100% 1.2 Dong Quang 6 7 43.8% 9 56.3% 16 100% II Thanh Mien 40 75 58.6% 53 41.4% 128 100% Thanh Mien 2.1 15 32 57.1% 24 42.9% 56 100% town 2.2 Tu Cuong 13 21 61.8% 13 38.2% 34 100% 2.3 Cao Thang 12 22 57.9% 16 42.1% 38 100% III Phu Cu 29 58 55.2% 47 44.8% 105 100% 3.1 Quang Hung 17 36 55.4% 29 44.6% 65 100% 3.2 Doan Dao 12 22 55.0% 18 45.0% 40 100% Total 79 145 55.3% 117 44.7% 262 100% Age distribution: The age distribution of the affected HH surveyed is described in Table 2.88 below. In the aggregate, the table below show that the rate of people at the working age (from 15 to 60) is very high and the rate of the old people (over 60 year olds) is low. This shows very positive pictures of potential labour in the project area. Table 2. 88: Age distribution of HH Member in affected communes # District/ Commune <15 years old 15–60 years old >60 years old Total I Gia Loc 3 24 2 29 1.1 Doan Thuong 2 9 2 13 1.2 Dong Quang 1 15 - 16 II Thanh Mien 8 103 17 128 2.1 Thanh Mien town 6 43 7 56 2.2 Tu Cuong 1 24 9 34 2.3 Cao Thang 1 36 1 38 III Phu Cu 12 81 12 105 3.1 Quang Hung 7 48 10 65 3.2 Doan Dao 5 33 2 40 Total 23 208 31 262 205 Education: The surveyed results show that, 125/262 person surveyed have reached secondary level education, closely followed by those who have had high school education (46/262); with university (25/262), none of illiterate. These results show with a very positive status of education of the population in a project area. Table 2. 89: Education Attainment of HH Member in affected communes Not Other Secon High Universi District/ Illite Primar finished Vocati (under # dary scho ty and Total Commune rate y high onal school school ol above school age) I Gia Loc - 3 16 - 5 - 4 1 29 1.1 Doan Thuong - - 7 - 2 - 3 1 13 1.2 Dong Quang - 3 9 - 3 - 1 - 16 II Thanh Mien - 12 67 10 21 5 10 3 128 Thanh Mien 2.1 10 23 6 11 1 4 1 56 town 2.2 Tu Cuong - 1 22 4 4 1 2 - 34 2.3 Cao Thang - 1 22 - 6 3 4 2 38 VI Phu Cu - 4 42 17 20 8 11 3 105 I 7.1 Quang Hung - 2 21 13 11 7 9 2 65 7.2 Doan Dao - 2 21 4 9 1 2 1 40 Total - 19 125 27 46 13 25 7 262 Employment: The surveyed results on the occupation of the affected households with the different activities/ business such as farming, husbandry, handicraft, running shops, restaurant, state employment, working for a private sector etc. are analysed and described as in table 2.90 below. 206 Table 2. 90: Occupational Distribution of HH Member in affected communes Gia Loc district Thanh Mien district Phu Cu district Thanh Mien Total Job Doan Thuong Dong Quang Tu Cuong Cao Thang Quang Hung Doan Dao town Per % Per % Per % Per % Per % Per % Per % Per % Farming 3 3.4% 6 6.8% 16 18.2% 19 21.6% 14 15.9% 13 14.8% 17 19.3% 88 100% Livestock - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% Selling goods 3 9.1% 4 12.1% - 0.0% 2 6.1% 5 15.2% 19 57.6% - 0.0% 33 100% Restaurant/ eatery - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% 1 100% Workers in factory - 0.0% - 0.0% 7 41.2% - 0.0% 2 11.8% 6 35.3% 2 11.8% 17 100% State employee 1 9.1% 2 18.2% 1 9.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 36.4% 3 27.3% 11 100% Private employee - 0.0% 1 25.0% - 0.0% 2 50.0% 1 25.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 100% Work in transport field - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% Student/Pupil 4 7.1% 1 1.8% 14 25.0% 4 7.1% 7 12.5% 14 25.0% 12 21.4% 56 100% Housewife - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 33.3% 1 16.7% 2 33.3% 1 16.7% - 0.0% 6 100% Hire labor - 0.0% 2 9.5% 9 42.9% 2 9.5% 4 19.0% - 0.0% 4 19.0% 21 100% Other 1 6.3% - 0.0% 5 31.3% 2 12.5% 1 6.3% 6 37.5% 1 6.3% 16 100% Under working age 1 20.0% - 0.0% 1 20.0% - 0.0% 1 20.0% 1 20.0% 1 20.0% 5 100% Total 13 5.0% 16 6.1% 56 21.4% 34 13.0% 38 14.5% 65 24.8% 40 15.3% 262 100% 207 Social Policy Households: Social policy households receive special cash allowances from the Government on the basis of having household members who are invalids, have heroic mothers, martyrs, and those who have contributed to the revolutions. The eligible HHs to social policy is 18 households. Of which, the Female Headed Households is 2 households, accounts of about 11.1 %. Table 2. 91 Social Policy Households, Other Vulnerable Households and Single Female Headed Households (No. of Households) Single Female Entitled to Ethnic Lonely # District/ Commune Poor Headed social Total minorities elder Household assistance I Gia Loc - - - - - - 1.1 Doan Thuong - - - - - - 1.2 Dong Quang - - - - - - II Thanh Mien 1 - - - 3 4 2.1 Thanh Mien town 1 - - - - 1 2.2 Tu Cuong - - - - 2 2 2.3 Cao Thang - - - - 1 1 VII Phu Cu 1 2 - - 11 14 7.1 Quang Hung 1 2 - - 8 11 7.2 Doan Dao - - - - 3 3 Total 2 2 - - 14 18 Average Monthly Income Table 2.92 shows that most of the interviewed families earn with income from VND 3,000,000 to VND 5,000,000 per month and only one household have monthly income less than VND 1,000,000. There are 22 households from 79 surveyed households earning income with more than VND 5,000,000 per month. Table 2. 92: Average Monthly Household Income of Affected Household (in million VND) District/ VND 5 # Total Commune million < VND 3 million VND 5 million million I Gia Loc - 1 2 7 10 1.1 Doan Thuong - - 1 3 4 1.2 Dong Quang - 1 1 4 6 II Thanh Mien 1 2 31 6 40 Thanh Mien 2.1 1 1 11 2 15 town 2.2 Tu Cuong - 1 11 1 13 2.3 Cao Thang - - 9 3 12 III Phu Cu - 4 16 9 29 3.1 Quang Hung - 3 5 9 17 3.2 Doan Dao - 1 11 - 12 208 District/ VND 5 # Total Commune million < VND 3 million VND 5 million million Total 1 7 49 22 79 Income - Expenditure Balance: After comparing for gross income and gross expenditures, the picture on whether households have positive or negative income was derived. In the affected communes, this exercise revealed that 96.2% of total households end up with positive income or surplus after expenditures and 2.5% of the surveyed households are with incomes less than expenditures. Table 2. 93: Income-Expenditure Balance of Affected Household IncomeExpense Total # District/ Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % I Gia Loc 1 10.0% - 0.0% 9 90.0% 10 100% 1.1 Doan Thuong 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 4 100.0% 4 100% 1.2 Dong Quang 1 16.7% 0 0.0% 5 83.3% 6 100% II Thanh Mien - 0.0% - 0.0% 40 100.0% 40 100% 2.1 Thanh Mien town - 0.0% - 0.0% 15 100.0% 15 100% 2.2 Tu Cuong 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 13 100.0% 13 100% 2.3 Cao Thang 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 12 100.0% 12 100% III Phu Cu 1 3.4% 1 3.4% 27 93.1% 29 100% 3.1 Quang Hung 1 5.9% 1 5.9% 15 88.2% 17 100% 3.2 Doan Dao 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 12 100.0% 12 100% Total 2 2.5% 1 1.3% 76 96.2% 79 100% Credit /Access to Loan Table 2.94 shows that households only borrow loans from Banks (50%) and other institutions (50%). The households said that they borrow money for farming and husbandry activities and for other businesses. Table 2.94, 2.95 described about the survey results on accessing loans and using loans from a sample of the affected households. Table 2. 94: Access to Loan of Affected Female Headed Household Loans from Loans from Loans from Loans from District/ other relatives, other Total # banks Commune institutions friends sources HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % I Gia Loc - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% 1.1 Doan Thuong - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 1.2 Dong Quang - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% 209 Loans from Loans from Loans from Loans from District/ other relatives, other Total # banks Commune institutions friends sources HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % II Thanh Mien 1 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 0% Thanh Mien 2.1 1 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 0% town 2.2 Tu Cuong - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 2.3 Cao Thang - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% III Phu Cu - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 3.1 Quang Hung - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 3.2 Doan Dao - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% Total 1 50.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% Purposes of using Loans Table 2. 95: Purposes of using loans of Affected Female Headed Household Agricultural Household Building District/ Business Other Total # production expenditure houses Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % HH % I Gia Loc - 0.0% 1 100% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% 1.1 Doan Thuong - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 1.2 Dong Quang - 0.0% 1 100% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% II Thanh Mien - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 0.0% 1 0% Thanh Mien 2.1 - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% 1 100% town 2.2 Tu Cuong - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 2.3 Cao Thang - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% III Phu Cu - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 3.1 Quang Hung - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 3.2 Doan Dao - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% Tổng - 0.0% 1 50% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 50% 2 100% Living facilities and Community Assets Almost all of the households surveyed have motorbikes, television sets, refrigerator, furniture, and sanitation facilities such as septic toilet and running water, among others. Community physical infrastructures (village and commune link roads and community social services such as schools, healthcare centers, market etc.) are available and with locations that are not far from the affected households. The survey results on asset ownership, living amenities, cooking ways, community health etc. are shown in tables from 2.96 to 2.103 below. 210 Table 2. 96: Ownership of Living Facilities of Affected Households No. of Hot District/Com Radi Motor- Electric Cooke Washing Gas Comput # Unit survey Tivi Bicycle Fridge Pump water mune o bike fan r machine Stove er HHs tank HH 10 1 10 10 9 10 10 10 10 6 10 5 3 I Gia Loc % 100% 10% 100% 100% 90% 100% 100% 100% 100% 60% 100% 50% 30% Doan HH 4 - 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 1.1 Thuong % 100% 0% 100% 100% 75% 100% 100% 100% 100% 75% 100% 50% 50% HH 6 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 3 1 1.2 Dong Quang % 100% 17% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 50% 100% 50% 17% HH 40 11 40 38 39 40 39 28 36 6 39 2 1 II Thanh Mien % 100% 28% 100% 95% 98% 100% 98% 70% 90% 15% 98% 5% 3% Thanh Mien HH 15 4 15 13 15 15 14 8 13 - 14 1 - 2.1 town % 100% 27% 100% 87% 100% 100% 93% 53% 87% 0% 93% 7% 0% HH 13 1 13 13 13 13 13 12 11 4 13 - - 2.2 Tu Cuong % 100% 8% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 92% 85% 31% 100% 0% 0% HH 12 6 12 12 11 12 12 8 12 2 12 1 1 2.3 Cao Thang % 100% 50% 100% 100% 92% 100% 100% 67% 100% 17% 100% 8% 8% HH 29 4 29 27 29 29 28 22 28 6 27 4 3 III Phu Cu % 100% 14% 100% 93% 100% 100% 97% 76% 97% 21% 93% 14% 10% HH 17 4 17 15 17 17 16 11 16 5 15 4 3 3.1 Quang Hung % 100% 24% 100% 88% 100% 100% 94% 65% 94% 29% 88% 24% 18% HH 12 - 12 12 12 12 12 11 12 1 12 - - 3.2 Doan Dao % 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 92% 100% 8% 100% 0% 0% HH 79 16 79 75 77 79 77 60 74 18 76 11 7 Total % 100% 20% 100% 95% 97% 100% 97% 76% 94% 23% 96% 14% 9% 211 Table 2. 97: Water Source for Using of Affected Households Well River, Mount shared Buying District/ Tap spring, Rain Drilled # Unit Well Water pond ain with water from well Total Commune creek neighbo other water urs HH 1 - - - - - - 9 10 I Gia Loc % 10.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 100.0% Doan HH 1 - - - - - - 3 4 1.1 Thuong % 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 100% Dong HH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 1.2 Quang % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100% Thanh HH - 15 - - - - - 25 40 II Mien % 0.0% 37.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 62.5% 100.0% Thanh HH - 15 - - - - - - 15 2.1 Mien town % 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% HH - - - - - - - 13 13 2.2 Tu Cuong % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100% HH - - - - - - - 12 12 2.3 Cao Thang % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100% HH 2 - - - - - - 27 29 III Phu Cu % 6.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 93.1% 100.0% Quang HH 2 - - - - - - 15 17 3.1 Hung % 11.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 88.2% 100% HH - - - - - - - 12 12 3.2 Doan Dao % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100% HH 3 15 - - - - - 61 79 Total % 4% 19% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 77% 100.0% 212 Table 2. 98: Main Sources for Lighting of Affected Households District/ Wood/ Oil # Unit Electricity Battery Generator lamp Other Total Commune Coal HH 10 - - - - - 10 I Gia Loc % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Doan HH 4 - - - - - 4 1.1 Thuong % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% Dong HH 6 - - - - - 6 1.2 Quang % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% Thanh HH 40 - - - - - 40 II Mien % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Thanh HH 15 - - - - - 15 2.1 Mien town % 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% HH 13 - - - - - 13 2.2 Tu Cuong % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 12 - - - - - 12 2.3 Cao Thang % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 29 - - - - - 29 III Phu Cu % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Quang HH 17 - - - - - 17 3.1 Hung % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 12 - - - - - 12 3.2 Doan Dao % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 79 - - - - - 79 Total % 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100.0% 213 Table 2. 99: Main Sources for Cooking of Affected Households District/ Wood/ # Unit Grid Generator Gas/Oil Biogas Other Total Commune Coal HH - - 9 - 1 - 10 I Gia Loc % 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 0.0% 10.0% 0.0% 100.0% HH - - 3 - 1 - 4 1.1 Doan Thuong % 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 6 - - - 6 1.2 Dong Quang % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - 1 37 2 - - 40 II Thanh Mien % 0.0% 2.5% 92.5% 5.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Thanh Mien HH - - 15 - - - 15 2.1 town % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 13 - - - 13 2.2 Tu Cuong % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - 1 9 2 - - 12 2.3 Cao Thang % 0.0% 8.3% 75.0% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 27 2 - - 29 III Phu Cu % 0.0% 0.0% 93.1% 6.9% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% HH - - 15 2 - - 17 3.1 Quang Hung % 0.0% 0.0% 88.2% 11.8% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - - 12 - - - 12 3.2 Doan Dao % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH - 1 73 4 1 - 79 Total % 0.0% 1.3% 92.4% 5.1% 1.3% 0.0% 100.0% 214 Table 2. 100: Common diseases in the community Infectious # District/ Commune Unit Feel Flu Malaria Cholera Dysentery Hepatitis No answer Total agent HH 6 2 - - - - 2 - 10 I Gia Loc % 60.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 100.0% HH 4 - - - - - - - 4 1.1 Doan Thuong % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 2 2 - - - - 2 - 6 1.2 Dong Quang % 33.3% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 100% HH 34 6 - - - - - - 40 II Thanh Mien % 85.0% 15.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% HH 13 2 - - - - - - 15 2.1 Thanh Mien town % 86.7% 13.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 13 - - - - - - - 13 2.2 Tu Cuong % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 8 4 - - - - - - 12 2.3 Cao Thang % 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 19 7 - - - - 1 2 29 III Phu Cu % 65.5% 24.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.4% 6.9% 100.0% HH 8 6 - - - - 1 2 17 3.1 Quang Hung % 47.1% 35.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.9% 11.8% 100% HH 11 1 - - - - - - 12 3.2 Doan Dao % 91.7% 8.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% HH 59 15 - - - - 3 2 79 Total % 75% 19% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 3% 100.0% 215 Table 2. 101: Access to health services Traditional drug Commune health station District hospital Clinic/Nurse Pharmacy treatment District/ 2- 2- 1- 2- 2- 1- 2- # Unit <1k 1- >5k <1k 1- >5k <1k >5k <1k 1- >5k <1k >5k Commune 5k 5k 2k 5k 5k 2k 5k m 2km m m 2km m m m m 2km m m m m m m m m m m HH 4 2 - - - - - 5 - - - - 4 - - - - - - - I Gia Loc 26.7 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - 1.1 Doan Thuong 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 4 2 - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.2 Dong Quang 36.4 18.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % 0.0% % % % % % % % HH 14 11 1 - - 5 - - - - - - 17 5 - - - - - - II Thanh Mien 26.4 20.8 1.9 0.0 0.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.1 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Thanh Mien HH 2 - - - - 5 - - - - - - 10 2 - - - - - - 2.1 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52.6 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 town % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 5 7 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - 2.2 Tu Cuong 33.3 46.7 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % % % % 0.0% % % % % 6.7% % % % % % % % HH 7 4 - - - - - - - - - - 6 2 - - - - - - 2.3 Cao Thang 36.8 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.6 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % % % % 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 25 1 - - 2 - 3 - 1 - - - 14 - 1 - 1 1 - - III Phu Cu 51.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 6.1 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.6 0.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 14 - - - 2 - 3 - 1 - - - 14 - 1 - 1 1 - - 3.1 Quang Hung 37.8 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.0 8.1 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.8 0.0 2.7 0.0 2.7 2.7 0.0 0.0 % % 0.0% % % % % % 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 11 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.2 Doan Dao 91.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % 8.3% % % % % % 0.0% % % % % 0.0% % % % % % % % HH 43 14 1 - 2 5 3 5 1 - - - 35 5 1 - 1 1 - - Total 36.8 12.0 0.9 0.0 1.7 4.3 2.6 4.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.9 4.3 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 216 Table 2. 102: Access to education services Preschool Elementary school Secondary school High school Vocational school District/ 1- 2- 2- 1- 2- # Unit <1k >5k <1k 1- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k >5k Commune 2k 5k 5k 2k 5k m m m 2km m m 2km 5km m m 2km 5km m m m m m m m m HH - - - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - I Gia Loc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1.1 Doan Thuong 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % 0.0% % % % % 0.0% 0.0% % % % 0.0% % % % % % HH - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1.2 Dong Quang 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % 0.0% % % % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % HH 1 - - - 4 1 - - 1 7 - - - 2 7 1 - - - 4 II Thanh Mien 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.3 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.6 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 25.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.3 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Thanh Mien HH - - - - 3 - - - - 4 - - - - 5 - - - - - 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 town % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 2.2 Tu Cuong 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 % % % % % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % 0.0% % % % % 0.0% % % % % HH 1 - - - 1 1 - - 1 2 - - - 2 1 1 - - - 3 2.3 Cao Thang 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 15.4 0.0 0.0 15.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.1 % % % % % 7.7% 7.7% % % % % 0.0% % % % 7.7% 7.7% % % % % HH - - - - - 3 1 - - 3 2 - - 1 7 - - 1 1 1 III Phu Cu 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 35.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH - - - - - 1 1 - - 1 2 - - 1 3 - - 1 1 - 3.1 Quang Hung 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.0 0.0 18.2 0.0 0.0 9.1 27.3 0.0 9.1 9.1 0.0 % % % % % 0.0% 9.1% % % % 9.1% % % % % % 0.0% % % % % HH - - - - - 2 - - - 2 - - - - 4 - - - - 1 3.2 Doan Dao 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.1 % % % % % 0.0% % % % % % 0.0% % % % % 0.0% % % % % HH 1 - - - 4 5 1 - 1 11 2 - - 3 14 2 - 1 1 5 Total 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 9.8 2.0 0.0 2.0 21.6 3.9 0.0 0.0 5.9 27.5 3.9 0.0 2.0 2.0 9.8 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 217 Table 2. 103: Access to other services, culture works... Market Stadium Sport area Pagoda/Temple/Church Entertainment park District/ 2- 2- 1- 2- 1- # Unit <1k 1- >5k <1k 1- >5k <1k >5k <1k 1- 2- >5k <1k 2- >5k Commune 5k 5k 2k 5k 2k m 2km m m 2km m m m m 2km 5km m m 5km m m m m m m HH 8 2 - - 1 3 1 - - - - - 4 1 5 - - - 4 - I Gia Loc 27.6 6.9 0.0 0.0 3.4 10.3 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.8 3.4 17.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.8 0.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - 1.1 Doan Thuong 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % 0.0% % % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % 0.0% 0.0% % % % 0.0% % HH 4 2 - - 1 3 1 - - - - - - 1 5 - - - 4 - 1.2 Dong Quang 19.0 0.0 0.0 14.3 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.0 0.0 % % 9.5% % % 4.8% % % % % % % % 0.0% 4.8% % % % % % % HH 27 13 - - 2 9 - - - - - - 16 13 3 - - 1 3 1 II Thanh Mien 30.7 14.8 0.0 0.0 2.3 10.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.2 14.8 3.4 0.0 0.0 1.1 3.4 1.1 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Thanh Mien HH 14 1 - - - - - - - - - - 6 2 - - - - 1 - 2.1 58.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 town % 4.2% 0.0% 0.0% 8.3% 0.0% 4.2% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 7 6 - - 1 - - - - - - - 9 3 - - - - - - 2.2 Tu Cuong 26.9 23.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.6 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % % % % 3.8% 0.0% % % % % % % % % 0.0% % % % 0.0% % HH 6 6 - - 1 9 - - - - - - 1 8 3 - - 1 2 1 2.3 Cao Thang 15.8 15.8 0.0 0.0 23.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.1 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.6 % % % % % 2.6% % % % % % % % 2.6% % 7.9% % % % 5.3% % HH 28 1 - - 8 - - - - - - - 20 1 - - - - 1 - III Phu Cu 47.5 1.7 0.0 0.0 13.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.9 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % HH 17 - - - 8 - - - - - - - 9 - - - - - 1 - 3.1 Quang Hung 48.6 0.0 0.0 22.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % 0.0% % % % 0.0% % % % % % % % 0.0% 0.0% % % % 2.9% % HH 11 1 - - - - - - - - - - 11 1 - - - - - - 3.2 Doan Dao 45.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % % 4.2% % % 0.0% 0.0% % % % % % % % 4.2% 0.0% % % % 0.0% % Há»™ 63 16 - - 11 12 1 - - - - - 40 15 8 - - 1 8 1 Total 35.8 9.1 0.0 0.0 6.3 6.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.7 8.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 4.5 0.6 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 218 Living standard Table 2.104 analysed about the trend of living standards of the affected households in the recent last three years. The results show that the majority of the households declared with no change (54.4%) or better (44.3%) and about 1.3% the households are worse off. Table 2. 104: Household living standard changes (last 3 years) District/ No change Better Worse Total # Commune HH % HH % HH % HH % I Gia Loc 2 20.0% 8 80.0% - 0.0% 10 100% 1.1 Doan Thuong - 0.0% 4 100.0% - 0.0% 4 100% 1.2 Dong Quang 2 33.3% 4 66.7% - 0.0% 6 100% II Thanh Mien 20 50.0% 19 47.5% 1 2.5% 40 53% Thanh Mien 2.1 9 60.0% 5 33.3% 1 6.7% 15 100% town 2.2 Tu Cuong 5 38.5% 8 61.5% - 0.0% 13 100% 2.3 Cao Thang 6 50.0% 6 50.0% - 0.0% 12 100% III Phu Cu 21 72.4% 8 27.6% - 0.0% 29 100% 3.1 Quang Hung 12 70.6% 5 29.4% - 0.0% 17 100% 3.2 Doan Dao 9 75.0% 3 25.0% - 0.0% 12 100% Total 43 54.4% 35 44.3% 1 1.3% 79 100% Table 2.105 shows the results of consultation for the feedback from the affected households to the project development. It shows with very positive results that nearly 100 % of the survey households support for the project development. It means that with the project, local people see a lot of benefits to them. Public consultation on the behaviour of people to the project Table 2. 105: Support implementation of the project Yes No Total # District/ Commune HH % HH % HH % I Gia Loc 9 90.0% 1 10.0% 10 100% 1.1 Doan Thuong 3 75.0% 1 25.0% 4 100% 1.2 Dong Quang 6 100.0% - 0.0% 6 100% II Thanh Mien 40 100.0% - 0.0% 40 100% 2.1 Thanh Mien town 15 100.0% - 0.0% 15 100% 2.2 Tu Cuong 13 100.0% - 0.0% 13 100% 2.3 Cao Thang 12 100.0% - 0.0% 12 100% III Phu Cu 29 100.0% - 0.0% 29 100% 3.1 Quang Hung 17 100.0% - 0.0% 17 100% 3.2 Doan Dao 12 100.0% - 0.0% 12 100% Total 78 98.7% 1 1.3% 79 100% 219 Gender issues and Ethnic Minority Table 2.106 shows the surveyed results analysed by the gender (male and female) by the different activities. It shows with the results that most of economic development activities are done by both men and women. Table 2.107 shows that, men participate the community activities more than women, and the rate of men making decisions is also much higher than women. 220 Table 2. 106: Division of Labor Gia Loc Thanh Mien Phu Cu Division of # Unit Doan Thuong Dong Quang Thanh Mien Tu Cuong Cao Thang Quang Hung Doan Dao labor Per % Per % Per % Per % Per % Per % Per % Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 1 Land Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% preparation Both 2 3.2% 6 9.5% 14 22.2% 12 19.0% 9 14.3% 11 17.5% 9 14% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 2 Cultivation Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% Both 2 3.2% 6 9.5% 14 22.2% 12 19.0% 9 14.3% 11 17.5% 9 14% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 3 Sowing Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% Both 2 3.2% 6 9.5% 14 22.2% 12 19.0% 9 14.3% 11 17.5% 9 14% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 4 Weeding Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% Both 2 3.2% 6 9.5% 14 22.2% 12 19.0% 9 14.3% 11 17.5% 9 14% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 5 Pesticide Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% spraying Both 2 3.2% 6 9.5% 14 22.2% 12 19.0% 9 14.3% 11 17.5% 9 14% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 6 Harvest Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% Both 2 3.2% 6 9.5% 14 22.2% 12 19.0% 9 14.3% 11 17.5% 9 14% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 7 Vegetable Female 1 33.3% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 67% growing Both 2 3.9% 6 11.8% 14 27.5% - 0.0% 9 17.6% 11 21.6% 9 18% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 8 Livestock Female - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% Both 2 4.5% 6 13.6% 7 15.9% - 0.0% 9 20.5% 11 25.0% 9 20% 221 Gia Loc Thanh Mien Phu Cu Division of # Unit Doan Thuong Dong Quang Thanh Mien Tu Cuong Cao Thang Quang Hung Doan Dao labor Per % Per % Per % Per % Per % Per % Per % Male 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0% Small 9 Female - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% business Both 1 6.7% 2 13.3% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 26.7% 8 53.3% - 0% Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 10 Workers Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0% Both - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% Labor Male - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% 11 migration Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0% (domestic) Both - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0% 222 Table 2. 107: Participate in Community Activities Gia Loc Thanh Mien Phu Cu # Activity Unit Doan Thuong Dong Quang Thanh Mien Tu Cuong Cao Thang Quang Hung Doan Dao Ng % Ng % Ng % Ng % Ng % Ng % Ng % Male 2 11.8% 1 5.9% 1 5.9% 8 47.1% 3 17.6% 1 5.9% 1 6% Attend 1 community Female - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% meetings Both 2 3.3% 5 8.2% 13 21.3% 5 8.2% 9 14.8% 16 26.2% 11 18% Male 2 11.8% 1 5.9% 1 5.9% 8 47.1% 3 17.6% 1 5.9% 1 6% Participate in 2 decision Female - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% making Both 2 3.3% 5 8.2% 13 21.3% 5 8.2% 9 14.8% 16 26.2% 11 18% Male 2 12.5% 1 6.3% 1 6.3% 8 50.0% 3 18.8% - 0.0% 1 6% Join local 3 Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% organizations Both 2 3.4% 5 8.5% 11 18.6% 5 8.5% 9 15.3% 16 27.1% 11 19% Male 2 12.5% 1 6.3% 1 6.3% 8 50.0% 3 18.8% - 0.0% 1 6% 4 Others Female - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% Both 2 3.4% 5 8.5% 11 18.6% 5 8.5% 9 15.3% 16 27.1% 11 19% 223 There are no ethnic household in project area. Table 2.108 shows the results of survey on the age distribution of female with less than 15 years old; from 15 to 60 years old and above 60 years old. Majority of women are at the working age. Follows by the rate of over 60 years old and then with the age under 15 years olds Table 2.108: Age Distribution of Females from Affected Households # District/ Commune <15 years old 15–60 years old >60 years old Total I Gia Loc 2 12 3 17 1.1 Doan Thuong 1 5 2 8 1.2 Dong Quang 1 7 1 9 II Thanh Mien 1 46 6 53 2.1 Thanh Mien town 1 19 4 24 2.2 Tu Cuong - 11 2 13 2.3 Cao Thang - 16 - 16 III Phu Cu 4 37 6 47 3.1 Quang Hung 2 23 4 29 3.2 Doan Dao 2 14 2 18 Total 7 95 15 117 Table 2.109 gives the results of survey on income of female headed households. From 8 surveyed female headed households, there are 5 households (about 62.5%) with income from VND 3,000,000 to VND 5,000,000. There are 2 households with income less than VND 3,000,000 and only one household with income more than VND 5,000,000. Table 2. 109: Monthly Incomes of Affected Households Headed by Women < 1 million 1 million VND – 3 million VND – >5 million # District/ Commune Total VND <3 million VND 5 million VND VND I Gia Loc - 1 1 - 2 1.1 Doan Thuong - - - - - 1.2 Dong Quang - 1 1 - 2 II Thanh Mien 1 - 2 - 3 2.1 Thanh Mien town 1 - 2 - 3 2.2 Tu Cuong - - - - - 2.3 Cao Thang - - - - - 224 III Phu Cu - - 2 1 3 3.1 Quang Hung - - - 1 1 3.2 Doan Dao - - 2 - 2 Total 1 1 5 1 8 Table 2.110shows the detailed results of survey on the employments of the project affected HHs, table 2.111 describes about the education levels of the women headed households. It shows that a majority of people are at a Secondary School level. 225 Table 2. 110 Occupational Distribution of Females in Affected Households Gia Loc Thanh Mien Phu Cu Total Job Doan Thuong Dong Quang Thanh Mien Tu Cuong Cao Thang Quang Hung Doan Dao Ng % Ng % Ng % Ng % Ng % Ng % Ng % NgÆ°á»?i % Farming 4 8.2% 3 6.1% 11 22.4% 8 16.3% 6 12.2% 8 16.3% 9 18.4% 49 100% Livestock - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% Selling goods 2 11.1% 2 11.1% - 0.0% 2 11.1% 3 16.7% 9 50.0% - 0.0% 18 100% Restaurant/eatery - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% 1 100% Workers in factory - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 44.4% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 33.3% 2 22.2% 9 100% State employee - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% 2 100% Private employee - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% 1 50.0% - 0.0% 0 0.0% - 0.0% 2 100% Work in transport field - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% Student/Pupil 2 9.1% 1 4.5% 3 13.6% 1 4.5% 4 18.2% 6 27.3% 5 22.7% 22 100% Housewife 0 0.0% - 0.0% 2 33.3% 1 16.7% 2 33.3% 1 16.7% - 0.0% 6 100% Hire labor - 0.0% 2 28.6% 2 28.6% - 0.0% 1 14.3% - 0.0% 2 28.6% 7 100% Other - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100% Under working age - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0% Total 8 6.8% 9 7.7% 24 20.5% 13 11.1% 16 13.7% 29 24.8% 18 15.4% 117 100% 226 Table 2. 111: Education Attainment of Females in Affected Households Not Other Secon Univers District/ Illite Prim finished High Vocati (under # dary ity and Total Commune rate ary high school onal school school above school age) I Gia Loc - 1 11 - 3 - 2 - 17 1.1 Doan Thuong - - 6 - 1 - 1 - 8 1.2 Dong Quang - 1 5 - 2 - 1 - 9 II Thanh Mien - 6 32 3 7 1 3 1 53 Thanh Mien 2.1 - 4 14 2 2 - 2 - 24 town 2.2 Tu Cuong - 1 9 1 2 - - - 13 2.3 Cao Thang - 1 9 - 3 1 1 1 16 III Phu Cu - 2 20 9 11 2 2 1 47 3.1 Quang Hung - 1 12 5 6 2 2 1 29 3.2 Doan Dao - 1 8 4 5 - - - 18 Total - 9 63 12 21 3 7 2 117 227 Annex 3: Project Information Booklet (PIB) VIET NAM ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (VRAMP) PROJECT INFORMATION BOOKLET (PIB) PROJECT OVERVIEW Viet Nam Road Asset Management Program (VRAMP) has subprojects in 3 provinces of Hung Yen, Hai Duong and Thai Binh, in scope of 10 districts/cities, towns, 33 wards/communes. The initial investment cost is estimated at $ 121.6 million, of which the World Bank loan of $ 71.6 million, the Government's counterpart funds of $ 50 million. Ministry of Transport is the Executive Agency (EA) of the project. The objectives of the project: Establish a financial basis, sustainable institutional arrangements in order to manage and upgrade the road system, develop for the economy in the North and Central regions of Viet Nam. The project will have two main outputs: The project will finance for maintaining the national roads no. 2, no.5, no.6, no. 18 and no.48; upgrading for the national roads no. 38, no.39, no 39-1 and four bridges with the length of about 25 m of the road no. 38 B (i) Maintenance roads with diversified contract forms to establish a mechanism for managing of the maintenance of the Vietnam road system effectively and stable. (ii) Upgrade and renovate the important national roads in the north region, including the national road No.38, No.39, No. 39-1 and 9 bridges with length more than 25 meters on the national roads (2 bridges on national road No.38, 4 bridges on national road No. 38B, two bridges on national road No.39 and 1 bridge on national road No.39-2). Improve for the institutional arrangements of the road management agencies in Vietnam. QUESTION 1: How will the VRAMP affect the local population? Answer: Positive impacts: The population in the project areas will benefit variously, including more extensive access to irrigation system and water supply for farming production, reducing risk of crop failure due to lack of water and more available water for irrigation. Adverse impacts: It needs to acquire some land for the construction of the main canal and other components. Every attempt will be made during the design process to minimize adverse impacts of such land acquisition on households and communities. Where land acquisition is necessary, those affected HHs will be fully compensated for their affected land, houses, structures, crops and/or trees and be provided assistances for the restoration of their living standards. Details are included in a Resettlement Plan which will be available at your commune office. 228 QUESTION 2: What is the main objective of resettlement plan? Answer: The main objective of the Resettlement Plan is to improve or at least to restore the pre-project living standards and earning capacities of all PAHs. QUESTION 3: What will happen if my land is affected by the project? Answer: (i) You will be offered Land-for-land of similar attributes and with secure tenure OR cash compensation at replacement cost which is equivalent to current market price. (ii) No compensation for rent land, but full replacement cost for investment on land to land user. QUESTION 4: Do we need legal papers of land for being entitled to the compensation? Answer:No, lack of formal legal rights of land does not prevent any APs from receiving compensation, allowances and rehabilitation assistance. Land owners with land use right certificates (LURCs) or in the process of acquiring LURC will be fully compensated for affected land and other assets on land. Land users who have no formal legal rights nor recognized claims to such land will be compensated for assets on land only. QUESTION 5: Are affected houses and structures compensated? Answer:Yes. All affected houses and other structures as well as other fixed assets such as well, breeding facilities, fences, etc. are compensated at replacement cost without depreciation nor deduction for salvageable materials for the affected portion. This will ensure that the APs are able to reconstruct houses/structures with better quality or at least with equivalent quality of the pre-project houses/structures. QUESTION 6: What about affected crops and trees? Answer: i) Affected crops, trees on permanently acquired land will be compensated with market value of the crops at the time of compensation. (ii) Compensation for crops, trees on temporary affected land: - Annual crops will be based on the average production in the past 3 years for the temporary acquisition duration. - Compensation for trees equivalent to current market value given the type, age and productive value (future production) at the time of compensation. QUESTION 7: Besides the compensation, are there any assistances provided by the project? Answer:In addition to compensation for loss of land and other assets according to the project entitlements, the Project will provide rehabilitation assistance to eligible APs to improve 229 or at least to restore the pre-project living standards of all PAHs. Types of assistance for eligible APs include: ï‚· Severely affected households: Households who lose more than 10% of their total productive landholdings will receive an rehabilitation package consisting of (i) a transition subsistence allowance equivalent (ii) income restoration assistance such as agricultural extension assistance to intensify use of remaining land, access to existing credit programs or project-related employment. ï‚· Relocated households: Households who must relocate to new places will receive (i) transport assistance, (ii) a transition subsistence allowance, (iii) house rent assistance based on market price. The assistance rates are given in details in project entitlements. ï‚· Business owners who lose income in the transition period: Households with small, unregistered businesses will be provided cash assistance equal to the provincial minimum salary for 3 months. Owners of registered businesses will be provided cash assistance equivalent to 30% of after tax income in one year based on average income in the last 3 consecutive years as certified by the tax department of the province. ï‚· Employees and hired labors who lose their jobs will be provided cash compensation for monthly salary/wages for lost period in case of temporarily affected; or cash compensation equivalent to the provincial minimum wage for six months or cash compensation for remaining contract period whichever is higher in case of permanently affected. Assistance for career change: For registered or non-registered businesses on their affected residential land, APs at labor age will be provided free training courses at local vocational training centre which are suitable for local conditions and capacities of APs. QUESTION 8: Are all of local people entitled to lodgement of complaints about compensation? Answer: No. Entitled APs are those who will lose land or property based on the detailed measurement survey (DMS) that will be conducted following completion of the final designs for the project. Affected communes and local competent agencies will be informed of the cut-off date of the project. QUESTION 9: If there are any disagreements or problems about land acquisition, compensation or other general disputes during project implementation, are APs entitled to lodgment of their complaints? Answer:Yes, APs are entitled to lodgment of their complaints as grievance redress procedures of the project. Every complaint, query of APs about land acquisition, compensation, resettlement and implementation will be resolved according to project policies and in time. APs do not have to pay any fees for the complaint resolution. 230 QUESTION 10: How will APs be consulted and disseminated information about the project? Answer:Public consultation meetings are organized at the commune to ensure that APs are provided fully information about the project. APs will be disseminated information about the project components, impacts, their entitlements, grievance redress mechanism, rights of participation and consultation about resettlement activities. APs will participate in the RP preparation and implementation and will be consulted about following issues: (a) participation in the RP preparation as their interests; (b) consultation about vocational training which is suitable for their capacities, (c) participation in other activities of the project if they are qualified. QUESTION 11: As a resident in the project area, how can I help? Answer:We would like you to participate in all consultation meetings and other activities involving to the project in order to ensure that you are fully informed and consulted. Your participation during the detailed measurement survey (DMS) and the implementation will help us determine measures to mitigate impacts, to detect outstanding issues and potential problems and then to identify immediate resolution of these problems. QUESTION 12: How will you know if the objectives of this project are met? Answer: PMU3 will carry out internal monitoring on all project activities. In addition, PMU3 will engage an independent monitoring agency to conduct external monitoring on resettlement activities during the project implementation. The independent monitoring agency will submit a report to PMU3 and WB on resettlement implementation progress every 6 months. A post-resettlement impact evaluation will be studied to assess whether adverse impacts have been mitigated adequately and the pre-project living standards of APs have been restored or not. For further information and suggestions, please contact the Province Compensation, Assistance and Resettlement Management Board, District Compensation, Assistance and Resettlement Boards or Commune People‘s Committee where you are living. 231 Annex 4: Results of consultation 1. Results of consultation for section Trieu Duong - Hung Ha The meetings, venue, time and person met, participated is described as in table below: Table 4. 1: Meetings with Other Stakeholders Number With No. of households of Meeting No. of participation with the # Commune Venue of affected Date participants questionnaires HH Male Female IOL SES % 1 Hung Ha 582 347 192 155 367 204 CPC A: 1.1 Tan Le 56 meeting 24 16 8 26 17 30% 28/01 hall CPC Hung Nhan M: 1.2 121 meeting 45 22 23 48 36 30% town 27/01 hall CPC M: 1.3 Tan Hoa 8 meeting 8 7 1 8 8 100% 30/01 hall CPC M: 1.4 Lien Hiep 186 meeting 102 58 44 115 63 34% 29/01 hall A: Commune 1.5 Phuc Khanh 52 45 24 21 45 17 33% 27/01 Temple Thai M: Commune 1.6 12 12 8 4 12 6 50% Phuong 30/01 Temple CPC Hung Ha A: 1.7 22 meeting 14 6 8 16 8 36% town 29/01 hall CPC A: 1.8 Minh Khai 95 meeting 74 31 43 74 40 42% 30/01 hall CPC 1.9 Hong Linh 30 A:30/01 meeting 23 20 3 23 9 30% hall 2 Dong Hung 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0% 2.1 Minh Tan Total 582 - - 347 192 155 367 204 232 Table 4. 2: Consultation on income restoration measures Interviewed # Name Address Position date Provincial People‘s 1 Nguyen Van Hoa Chairman 27/02/2013 Council 2 Bui Thi Nga Farmer Association Deputy Chairman 27/02/2013 Provincial Women 3 Khuc Thi Duyen Chairwoman 27/02/2013 Union Provincial Women 4 Truong Thi Hong Hanh Deputy Chairwoman 27/02/2013 Union Vocational Training Deputy Head of 5 Mai Cong Tuan 27/02/2013 College 19-BQP consulting Department Women Union of 6 Nguyen Thi Thuy Official 28/02/2013 Hung Ha District Farmer Association 7 Vu Quang Huy Standing Member 28/02/2013 of Hung Ha Vocational Training 8 Pham Ba Thuat Center of Hung Ha Official 28/02/2013 district Enterprise no.10 9 Luong Thi Tiep Head of Department 28/02/2013 (Stock Company) Table 4. 3: Meetings for a rapid survey in the substitution values # Name Address Title Meeting date I At the Provincial level Financial Head of Public Assets 1 Mai Thi Toan 27/02/2013 Department and Price Department Construction Head of Economic 2 Nguyen Van Thuy 27/02/2013 Department Department II Hung Ha District level 1 Bui Duy Hạnh DPC Vice Chairman 17/01/2013 2 Bui Xuan Phong DPC Head Office 17/01/2013 Department of Natural 3 Pham Thanh Nhon Head of Department 17/01/2013 Resources and Environment Department of Natural 4 Pham Vinh Quang Official 17/01/2013 Resources and Environment Department of 5 Hoang Dinh Chinh Industry and Head Department 17/01/2013 Trade 233 # Name Address Title Meeting date Department of 6 Nguyen Van Vinh Planning and Head Department 20/1/2013 Finance Vu Huu Ai Department of Deputy Head 7 Planning and 21/1/2013 Department Finance Nguyen Thi Platform Department of 8 Planning and Accountant 23/1/2013 Finance Hoang Van Thu Agricultural Deputy Head of 9 26/1/2013 Department Department The Local Shop of 10 Construction Shop Owner 29/01/2013 Materials Hanh force Shop of 11 Construction Shop Owner 29/01/2013 Materials III At the Commune level Tan Le 1 Tran Cong Ly Vice Chairman 28/01/2013 Commune Tan Le 2 Tran Ba Hoi Land Manager 28/01/2013 Commune Tan Le 3 Nguyen Van Cot Bui Xa Village Leader 28/01/2013 Commune Tan Le Chieu Thanh Village 4 Hoang Thi Chai 28/01/2013 Commune Leader Tan Le 5 Tran Khac Lap Local Citizen 28/01/2013 Commune Tan Le 6 Tran Ngoc Dai Local Citizen 28/01/2013 Commune Tan Le 7 Tran Khac Dien Local Citizen 28/01/2013 Commune Deputy Chairman of 8 Do Van Huyen TT HÆ°ng Nhân 27/01/2013 Commune Hung Nhan 9 Nguyen Chi Cong Land Manager 27/01/2013 Town Hung Nhan 10 Nguyen Van Dinh Dau Village Leader 27/01/2013 Town Hung Nhan Van Nam Village 11 Thai Xuan Phong 27/01/2013 Town Leader Hung Nhan 12 Tran Thi Hue Local Citizen 27/01/2013 Town Hung Nhan 13 To Duc Hung Local Citizen 27/01/2013 Town 234 # Name Address Title Meeting date Hung Nhan 14 Pham Van Dung Local Citizen 27/01/2013 Town Tan Hoa 15 Nguyen Huu Tuyen Chairman of Commune 30/01/2013 Commune Tan Hoa 16 Dao Quang Nghia Land Manager 30/01/2013 Commune Tan Hoa 17 Nguyen Van Luan Luong Village Leader 30/01/2013 Commune Tan Hoa 18 Truong Van Hieu Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune Tan Hoa 19 Le Minh Phong Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune Tan Hoa 20 Nguyen Thi Chung Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune Lien Hiep 21 Dao Trong Giap Chairman of Commune 29/01/2013 Commune Lien Hiep 22 Tran Van Tot Nai Village Leader 29/01/2013 Commune Lien Hiep 23 Dao Van physique Nai Village Leader 29/01/2013 Commune Lien Hiep 24 Dong Quang Binh Bai Village Leader 29/01/2013 Commune Lien Hiep 25 Nguyen Van Hoa Local Citizen 29/01/2013 Commune Lien Hiep 26 Nguyen Xuan Hung Local Citizen 29/01/2013 Commune Lien Hiep 27 Nguyen Xuan Hai Local Citizen 29/01/2013 Commune Phuc Khanh 28 Bui Trong Do Chairman 27/01/2013 Commune Phuc Khanh 29 Nguyen Van Tho Land Manager 27/01/2013 Commune Phuc Khanh Khanh My Village 30 Tran Dinh Tot 27/01/2013 Commune Leader Phuc Khanh Huong Xa Village 31 ancestors Valley 27/01/2013 Commune Leader Phuc Khanh 32 Nguyen Van Cho Local Citizen 27/01/2013 Commune Phuc Khanh 33 Tran Duy Ngan Local Citizen 27/01/2013 Commune Phuc Khanh 34 Nguyen Van Chinh Local Citizen 27/01/2013 Commune Thai Phuong 35 Nguyen Van Chung Chairman of Commune 30/01/2013 Commune 235 # Name Address Title Meeting date Thai Phuong 36 Tran Van Sang Land Manager 30/01/2013 Commune Thai Phuong 37 Duy Nguyen Bich Nhan Xa Village Leader 30/01/2013 Commune Thai Phuong 38 Hoang Van Tuong Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune Thai Phuong 39 Tran Van Dien Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune Thai Phuong 40 Tran Huu Thuoc Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune 41 Nguyen Huu Huan Hung Ha Town Chairman of Commune 29/01/2013 42 Ngo Quoc Department Hung Ha Town Land Manager 29/01/2013 Nhan Cau 1 Village 43 Nguyen Manh Hung Hung Ha Town 29/01/2013 Leader Dong Tu 1 Village 44 Nghiem Dinh Khoi Hung Ha Town 29/01/2013 Leader Dong Tu 2 Village 45 Nguyen Duy Hung Hung Ha Town 29/01/2013 Leader 46 Nguyen Huu Tien Hung Ha Town Thi Doc Village Leader 29/01/2013 Minh Khai 47 Nguyen Minh Duc Chairman of Commune 30/01/2013 Commune Minh Khai 48 Hoang Ngoc Son Land Manager 30/01/2013 Commune Minh Khai Dong Lac Village 49 Nguyen Huu Man 30/01/2013 Commune Leader Minh Khai Thanh Cach Village 50 Vu Trung Kien 30/01/2013 Commune Leader Minh Khai 51 Tran Van Quan Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune Minh Khai 52 Tran Van Hai Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune Minh Khai 53 Tran Cong Thanh Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune Hong Linh 54 Nguyen Duc Luy Chairman of Commune 30/01/2013 Commune Hong Linh 55 Nguyen Ngoc An Land Manager 30/01/2013 Commune Hong Linh Vu Dong Village 56 Pham Va Thap 30/01/2013 Commune Leader Hong Linh Dong Han Land 57 Nguyen Dinh Chieu 30/01/2013 Commune Manager Hong Linh 58 Nguyen Viet Ba Village Leader 30/01/2013 Commune Hong Linh 59 Pham Van Bo Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune Hong Linh 60 Nguyen Van Canh Local Citizen 30/01/2013 Commune 236 Table 4.4: Consultation with stakeholders for income restoration plan Consultation agency The information and content for income rehabilitation consultation Provincial level 1. Provincial Farmers  Consulting on orienting and training jobs at site for farmers should Association be organized with such appropriate jobs as bamboo and rattan 2. Provincial Women Union weaving like in Dong Phong commune - Dong Hung district and 3. Vocational college No. 19 embroidery, etc. - Ministry of Defense  Training knowledge for animal husbandry to support farms and families. Support husbandry based on garden-pond-pigsty model.  Study support forms in order that people will not leave farm or in Diaspora for working as housewives, workers without taking care of children.  Support buying agricultural insurance (rice) for farmers. Currently, the State supports for poor households 100% insurance premium (10,000VND/perch/1crop) and 90% insurance premiums for near- poor households.  Support buying health insurance for households whose land is acquired by percentage or support any form of social insurance to be paid by lump sum or pension regime.  In Thai Binh province, there are many quality vocational centers, in which the prestigious center is Vocational School No.19 - Department of Defense. The school annual admission is organized by the following industries: Intermediate training The training period is 18-months for students who graduated high schools and 36 months for students who graduated secondary schools. Primary training o Welding: 3 and 6 months o Industrial electricity: 3 and 6 months o Civil electricity: 3 and 6 months o Refrigerating machine and air conditioner techniques: 3 and 6 months o Office Computer Science: 3 months o Excavator driving, bulldozer driving: 6 months o Fashion tailoring: 3 months o Car-driving, class B2: 3 months o Car-driving, class C: 5 months. Hung Ha district 1. Farmers Association  Households in Hung Ha town and Hung Nhan town are not 2. Women Union significantly affected, so they can do small business. 3. Vocational training  The project can combine with the Provincial Agricultural center 4. VESTON Hung Ha Extension Center and Thai Binh Agricultural Vocational Factory –Garment 10 School in Quynh Phu district in training and transferring Joint Stock Company. science and technology in the veterinary livestock and farming.  Support loans and help connect the product input and output for farmers, like the Association in Tan Le commune, which 237 support mat weaving.  The production facilities must ensure the minimum income of 50,000 to 70,000 VND/person/day. If the income is lower they will quit.  Thai Phuong commune has weaving and towel tailoring jobs, which attract a large number of employees in the commune and neighboring communes annually. Textile workers can buy machine to do at home. The investment for one machine ranges from 15-20 million VND. The income per person per machine is 3-4 million VND/month. One worker can run two machines and their income ranges from 6-7 million VND/month.  Lien Hiep commune can expand secondary job for households like weaving, fabric processing like in Thai Phuong because this job does not require high technique, the working age can be 50-60 years old and it is not sexist.  The Vocational Center of Hung Ha district primarily trains for rural labor under Project 1956 of the Government. The main occupations are: (i) Civil Electricity (ii) Tailoring, (iii) Embroidery, and (iv) Information Technology. The training courses take 1-3 months and require high school graduation. The employed rate after graduation reaches about 90% primarily in companies, factories and self-employment facilities in the district.  In the district there is Dong Tu industrial park and Garment Factory No.10, which attract many rural workers in the district every year. Table 4.5: Summary of the feedback from the participants in communes # District/commune Feedback from people Focus group discussions Households agreed and support the The road should be completed project and look forward the quickly, on time and have good construction complete as soon as drainage to accommodate drainage possible because it was heard that the for residents. Now the road elevation project was planned long ago and half- is definitely higher than people‘ some previously. floors, if there is not good drainage, This road has been deteriorated for long people will become difficult. and narrow, which does not meet the During the construction of the road, traffic and economic development. people can not engage in small trade People have been waiting for the road in market as they have to stay at Tan Le commune, 1 to be renovated and upgraded for long home to look after, repair houses and Hung Ha district time. clean up messy. This makes their People suggest that adequate income reduce. compensation on the basis of If the road occupies land of which agreement between the Employer and household, reasonable compensation people should be implemented. must be paid for them quickly. The construction should be quick and If land is lost, compensation by land on schedule as experiences from some must be paid; land along road must construction works which prolong to be compensated with other land cause difficulty for traffic and daily along road to let people maintain living of people and to create urgent their trading and they will refuse the 238 # District/commune Feedback from people Focus group discussions matter in the community. compensation if their land along road Households noted that the design and is compensated by land in small construction must be minded the alleys or in villages. irrigation and drainage system to Many houses along the road, ensure the irrigation and drainage in the including houses of some women in region. the consultation group have been Basically our remaining land is enough deteriorated, dilapidated long, so they for resettlement in place as it is larger want to repair home but have to wait than100m2. for the project to complete, so they When the project acquires land, the want the project complete quickly for project should support us incentive them to repair house. loans for sleeping mat production because the commune has the traditional production of sleeping mat. Households are excited when Highway 39 Upgrading And Expanding Project goes through. The financial capacity of the Employer If the remaining area of land, after should be reviewed, that is, if they have the land acquisition, is smaller than enough money to do, otherwise they 100m2, the State should arrange would do in moderation and this will resettlement. affect people's lives. Dust, pollution, Create stable jobs for women for loss of land and income making people earning for living like training for which are difficult become more trading, support for concessional Hung Nhan town, difficult. 2 loans for small-business and increase Hung Ha district The compensation should be equivalent of income. to the land acquisition area. If land is acquired, the State should We worry about how to stabilize our pay other land, if house is lost, new life when the project builds road though house should be compensated and our homes. this should be directly discussed with We also do not know what to do to us to know which time is the best for maintain the life. It is recommended us. that the project should provide vocational training for our children and preferential loans for small-scale traders and livestock families. There is no focus group discussion Tan Hoa commune, because few households participated. 3 Hung Ha district The consultation is organized via questionnaire. People highly support the project and People are highly consent and recommend that if their entitlement is support the project construction. settled equitably, they will be willing to Although the compensation rates are support. Households requested that the equal to all but there should be project is implemented properly in priority policy for female headed accordance with the content in the households or poor households, or meeting. women raising children alone. For Lien Hiep commune, 4 People have to be compensated at fair women in this situation, no men help Hung Ha district prices. Some proposed the dismantling houses, moving compensation at the market prices and furniture, installing electricity, the Employer must meet households to water… when the project deploy, get agreement on prices. they have to hire someone to do so During the project construction costs increase. progress, competent and responsible Most people are too old to go to staff should be present at site to solve school for new jobs and even when 239 # District/commune Feedback from people Focus group discussions project problems, avoiding people have they learned, no company hires them to ask each other the project at their age. They do not have information and lead to mistransmision secondary jobs. This is a difficult age of information, which will cause urgent in employment of rural women when matter in the community or when they there is the change of livelihoods. ask the commune leaders, they cannot Especially for elderly households, answer. they have more anxiety and When the construction is implemented, difficulty. the drainage must be ensured. For some households, Long Hung If the land area remains 100m2 or Commercial District Project in 2012 more, people will resettle in place and took half of their land but so far they the project should mind the cases of have not received the compensation multi-generations living together. money except the payment for a Some people proposed that before the quantity of rice in 6 months. So they project commencement, official are so confused and worried about documents should be issued but not how to live. oral speaking and must be consistent If they loss field, they have to change from beginning to ending. to animal livestock but they have no The sanitation when the project starts land for livestock as housing and should be ensured. Building road for structures take all space. long time will be difficult for drainage, If loss of land, children after so culverts should be build, otherwise graduation of school will have no people's rice will be flooded. When land for farming, so there should be building road through residential areas, policy for vocational training support the project should calculate the for children of poor women. reasonable distance for culverts. If a We are at the age of not very old and long section of road has one culvert, not young, so changing jobs is water will be stucked and undrained. difficult for us, so we hope the During the construction stage, the women‘s union or the mass traffic keeps going on, it more or less organizations support to create jobs affects the movement of people and for us, for example, bamboo children going to school across the weaving, wool knitting, cooking ... road, so traffic safety must be which are in accordance with our age concerned with clear sign-boards and and qualifications. instruction boards to avoid traffic Women in this group have high accidents, which have happened in consensus about the monetary many areas. compensation for people to take care of their living. The road has many potholes and if the All women in the discussion meeting State build road, it is very good. We agreed to support the project. fully support and accept the site Women's biggest concern is the clearance under the provisions of the stable normal life as before the State. project implementation. How to We've been waiting for the project for 7 stabilize our life, work, and fast to 8 years but it has not started. I want income. to repair, upgrade house but dare not When the road is building, our 5 Phuc Khanh for fear that the road will acquire movement will be difficult and dirt repaired houses and cause waste of will affect our living activities. money and labor force of the State and New road will be higher than old our family. road, so house floor will be lower The compensation for people should be than road elevation, we request for in justice between villages and additional support to elevate house compensation prices should be fair and floor and take care of rain water have the most reasonable policy to help drainage to avoid flooding in our people stabilize their lives. houses. 240 # District/commune Feedback from people Focus group discussions The road is heightened up, so our As a trader family, we want to keep houses will become low, we had to living along road to continue our raise floor to prevent water from trading because we do not have other overflowing into houses, so the state jobs. would have to support us some of this Women are concerned about that can funding. trader families be compensated Building road will facilitate our people more? Which trading policy is they travelling more easily and avoid supported? accidents due to potholes and bad They desire that the project continue roads. But it can increase traffic support them in trading and accidents because on beautiful road, preferential capital. traffic participants, which are almost young people, can not control speed, which leads to accidents. When building road, the project should mind the drainage system. The project must adequately compensate to develop non- agricultural jobs for our children in the future as field is narrow and run out of. When the project deploys, it will People are very supportive and looking cause traffic congestion, complex in forward to this project for so long. It is the village and community and it our request that the project deploys needs a good coordination with early and especially the compensation village leaders and people. should be equal and satisfactory to In the village, there is the tower people, avoiding withheld information tailoring and embroidery but at our and when people ask questions, they age, no one hire us. will be paid higher price. Study must be When the project deploys, it should careful to avoid questions or be quickly, complete section by complaints. section, not spread out field land as Before the project deploys, information people have to plow in remaining should be provided for people early and land, not to affect people‘s crops. Thai Phuong the project should be complete fast. 6 If there are loans, we can turn into commune People in the affected area are mainly breeding for few pigs or chickens or lost field land. When field is lost, buffaloes or cows. If no breeding, we people will lack of food and have no can buy some textile machines job. So the project is requested to because Thai Phuong commune has support people alternative jobs. weaving craft in Ke village and Meo Compensation for farmland is heard no village. avail because when people have money When meeting with people, or in hand, they will buy a motor and their women, please ask them specific few acres of field are run out of. circumstances rather than taking A number of opinions are to support general deployment. preferential capital for investment for Women often worry for the life and embroidery machine because people concern about very specific issues have this handicraft in the commune. which are side by side with their daily life such as barrels of rice, vegetables, food for family, so we look forward to the support where there are changes in life, especially affection to our income. Hung Ha town, Hung We look forward the project to early The project should be quickly and 7 Ha district implement and when the project should timely to let people stabilize their life 241 # District/commune Feedback from people Focus group discussions announce for people to know, soon. especially affected households to help There is no current drainage in them arrange their lives. residential areas. All water gets out The compensation plans or resettlement of the road. New road should have a plans should be notified as soon as drainage system for local population. possible so that people know and Our families have a shop. If land is prepare for their lives. lost, we will lose shops. The The majority of households living remaining area is too narrow to keep along road are trading. When the the shop. construction starts, it should be fast so During the construction, we can not as not to affect the business, income run the business; it will affect our and people's lives. work, partners, relationships and loss Some households have to arrange of income. resettlement and are to be allocated in Fair compensation will help people the resettlement site of the town, we arrange their work. Concessional agreed. Our proposal is to be allocated loans should be provided by the in the Urban Commercial Center (Nhan project for people to convert business Cau 3) and plan plot type 80 - 100m2. locations. Road 39 through this section is in Building road will certainly increase serious degradation with no drainage, accidents. so in rainy season, there is no way for Hope that the project will be fast to water drainage, the project should pay minimize difficulties of our daily life. attention to a drainage system. Firstly, we loss field, the remaining part of field has not enough rice for our family to eat. All women joining in this consultation do farming and earn the income from farming 2 crops per year. We do not have secondary jobs. Minh Khai commune has no secondary jobs. The Government developed artisanal weaving but it did not be long and undeveloped. All women joining in this consultation propose the monetary People support the project but the compensation. adequate compensation must be Women expect the project will provided in the agreement between the Minh Khai commune, adequately and fast compensate for 8 Employer and people. Hung Ha district people not to take time and make It should create jobs and vocational women travel a lot. training policies or non-agricultural Support women to borrow loans to economic development for locals. turn into animal livestock or other occupations. Support for lending should be real advantageous with lower interest rates. Because the actual experiences in rural areas show that there are lending policies but high interest rates, interest accumulates interest. If there are concessional loans, we must pass the process of commenting and revolving loan, so if we want to borrow loans, it is hard to our turn. Children have to feed old women 242 # District/commune Feedback from people Focus group discussions when they loss of field. So the project is requested to introduce jobs for their children. For example, their daughters or daughter-in-law can cook for construction workers for HW 39 or their children are employed as workers of the project if the project recruits workers on site. We do hope the project keeps the schedule Today is the first meeting we can hear Classify land to compensate about the project. People totally agree inadequately. In addition to if the implementation is in accordance compensation, support for with the said content in this meeting disadvantaged families, poor women, and the information about the project the elderly should be made. The should be public and transparent. project should consider specific Road section 39 passes through 6 small circumstances to resolve thoroughly culverts, we propose that when building but not generic. new road, the project builds 6 larger Hong Linh commune, Women in these difficult 9 culverts to carry water. Hung Ha district circumstances are at a high age, not It is a suggest that the Employer should too old, but not young so their ability deploys the project on time and fast, to learn new job is difficult. We can complete section by section, avoiding only do houseworks, cooking or each contractor managing a section of childcare. We have not many road, leading to seamless and opportunities for good and stable incontinuous. Some sections are jobs. We hope that if the project has complete; some are not, causing jobs, it will give it for women. difficulty for people‘s traffic, especially The compensation in cash or by land roadside households. is ok provided that it is convenient for people. Table 4.5: Preferences of the households to the income restoration activities HH Agricultural Vocational Self- No answers Affected activities Training employment given District Commune gave households answers HH % HH % HH % HH % Tan Le 54 5 2 40.0% 1 20.0% 1 20.0% 1 20.0% Hung Nhan 119 25 4 16.0% 3 12.0% 17 68.0% 1 4.0% Lien Hiep 189 46 19 41.3% 6 13.0% 10 21.7% 11 23.9% Phuc Khanh 53 - - - - - - - - - Hung Ha Thai Phuong 12 1 - - - - 1 100% - - Hung Ha 22 - - - - - - - - - Hong Linh 30 - - - - - - - - - Minh Khai 95 3 2 66.7% - - - - 1 33.3% Tan Hoa 8 - - - - - - - - - Total 582 80 27 33.7% 10 12.5% 29 36.3% 14 17.5% 243 Figure 5: Some photos about public consultation and participation 244 2. Results of consultation for section Vo Hoi – Diem Dien The meetings, venue, time and person met, participated is described as in table below: Table 4. 6: Meetings with Other Stakeholders Numbe No. of households No. of With 11 r of Meetin participation of with the Commune Venue partici questionnaires affected g Date pants HH Male Female IOL SES % 1 Dong Hung 52 29 21 08 29 24 A: CPC 1.1 Dong Kinh 8 8 6 2 8 6 75% 13/3 meeting hall A: CPC 1.2 Dong Tan 44 21 15 6 21 18 41% 13/3 meeting hall 2 Thai Thuy 411 297 148 149 312 159 A: CPC 2.1 Thai Giang 104 92 48 44 104 39 38% 9/03 meeting hall M: Commune 2.2 Thai Son 42 34 14 20 39 15 36% 6/03 Temple A: Commune 2.3 Thai Duong 87 51 35 16 57 37 43% 8/03 Temple A: CPC 2.4 Thai Thuy 26 12 4 8 12 9 35% 07/03 meeting hall M: CPC 2.5 Thuy Lien 71 21 16 5 21 21 30% 07/03 meeting hall M: CPC 2.6 Thuy Ha 78 84 28 56 76 35 45% 07/03 meeting hall Diem Dien A: CPC 2.7 3 3 3 0 3 3 100% Town 07/03 meeting hall Total 463 - - 326 169 157 341 183 Table 4. 7: Consultation on income restoration measures Interviewe # Name Address Position d date 1 Nguyen Van Hoa Provincial Farmer Association Chairman 27/02/2013 2 Bui Thi Nga Provincial Farmer Association Vice Chairman 27/02/2013 3 Khuc Thi Duyen Provincial Women Union Chairwoman 27/02/2013 4 Truong Thi Hong Hanh Provincial Women Union Vice Chairwoman 27/02/2013 Deputy Head of 5 Mai Cong Tuan Vocational Training College 19-BQP consulting 27/02/2013 Department 245 Interviewe # Name Address Position d date 6 Nguyen Thi Dien Women Union of Thai Thuy District Chairwoman 07/03/2013 Deputy 7 Nguyen Thi Phuong Hien Women Union of Thai Thuy District 07/03/2013 Chairwoman Deputy 8 Nguyen Thi Van Khanh Women Union of Thai Thuy District 07/03/2013 Chairwoman Farmer Association of Thai Thuy 9 Nguyen Van Hung Chairman 07/03/2013 District Farmer Association of Thai Thuy 10 Nguyen Thi Tho Vice Chairman 07/03/2013 District Vocational Training Center of Thai 11 Pham Anh Tuan Director 07/03/2013 Thuy district Farmer Association of Dong Hung 12 Dao Khuong Duy Chairman 08/03/2013 District 13 Nguyen Thi Tam Women Union of Dong Hung District Chairwoman 08/03/2013 Vocational Training Center of Dong 14 Mai Ba Linh Vice Director 08/03/2013 Hung district Table 4. 8: Meetings for a rapid survey in the substitution values # Name Address Title Meeting date I At the Provincial level Head of Public Assets and 1 Mai Thi Toan Financial Department 27/02/2013 Price Department Construction Head of Economic 2 Nguyen Van Thi 27/02/2013 Department Department II Dong Hung district 1 Pham Cong Trang District PC Chairman 22/01/2013 2 Vu Van Tri District PC Head Office 22/01/2013 3 Nguyen Minh Bau District PC Deputy Head Office 22/01/2013 Department of 4 Nguyen The Vinh Head of Department 08/03/2013 Industry and Trade Department of Deputy Head of 5 Le Thai Son 08/03/2013 Industry and Trade Department Department of 6 Nguyen Van Chuc Head of Department 08/03/2013 Agriculture Department of Deputy Head of 7 Nguyen Hong Long 08/03/2013 Agriculture Department Department of Finance 8 Le Thi Rinh Head of Department 08/03/2013 and Planning Department of Natural 9 Vu Viet Manh Resources and Head of Department 22/01/2013 Environment 246 # Name Address Title Meeting date Department of Natural 10 Vu Viet Thu Resources and Official 22/01/2013 Environment III Thai Thuy district 1 Pham Dinh Duc District PC Vice Chairman 23/01/2013 Department of Natural 2 Le Huu Loi Resources and Head of Department 23/01/2013 Environment Department of Natural 3 Pham Trung Kien Resources and Deputy Head Department 23/01/2013 Environment Department of 4 Mai Duc Trung Official 17/01/2013 Industry and Trade Department of Finance 5 Nguyen Thi My Le Official 07/03/2013 and Planning Department of 6 Nguyen Thanh Dong Deputy Head Department 07/03/2013 Agriculture IV At the Commune level 1 Pham Van Thang Dong Kinh Commune Chairman 13/03/2013 2 Tran Thanh Tung Dong Kinh Commune Land Manager 13/03/2013 3 Pham Van Tan Dong Kinh Commune Kinh Nau Village Leader 13/03/2013 4 Bui Cong Ly Dong Kinh Commune Local Citizen 13/03/2013 5 Pham Thi Hoa Dong Kinh Commune Local Citizen 13/03/2013 6 Bui Cong Thanh Dong Kinh Commune Local Citizen 13/03/2013 7 Quach Tien Công Dong Tan Commune Chairman 13/03/2013 8 Quach Tat Cuong Dong Tan Commune Land Manager 13/03/2013 Dong Thuong Liet Village 9 Lai Khac An Dong Tan Commune 13/03/2013 Leader 10 Ngo Van Phuong Dong Tan Commune Local Citizen 13/03/2013 11 Pham Van Hoa Dong Tan Commune Local Citizen 13/03/2013 12 Nguyen Van Vinh Dong Tan Commune Local Citizen 13/03/2013 Cua hang VLXD Nga 13 Dong Tan Commune Business 13/03/2013 Tinh 14 Le Xuan Hinh Thai Giang Commune Chairman 09/03/2013 15 Nguyen Ngoc Tan Thai Giang Commune Land Manager 09/03/2013 16 Pham Thi May Thai Giang Commune Tien Phong Village Leader 09/03/2013 17 Nguyen Ha Phuong Thai Giang Commune Local Citizen 09/03/2013 18 Bui Thi Tinh Thai Giang Commune Local Citizen 09/03/2013 19 Bui Thanh Hoa Thai Giang Commune Local Citizen 09/03/2013 20 Ngo Van Dang Thai Son Commune Vice chairman 06/03/2013 247 # Name Address Title Meeting date 21 Do Ba Dangd Thai Son Commune Land Manager 06/03/2013 22 Tran Cong Lenhf Thai Son Commune Viet Cuong Village Leader 06/03/2013 23 Nguyen Thi Phanf Thai Son Commune Local Citizen 06/03/2013 24 Nguyen Nhu Tho Thai Son Commune Local Citizen 06/03/2013 25 Nguyen Huu Dung Thai Son Commune Local Citizen 06/03/2013 26 Nguyen Van Luong Thai Duong Commune Vice chairman 08/03/2013 27 Dao Van Du Thai Duong Commune Land Manager 08/03/2013 28 Dao Van Huynh Thai Duong Commune Dong Tinh Village Leader 08/03/2013 29 Nguyen Nhu Khanh Thai Duong Commune Local Citizen 08/03/2013 30 Dinh Van Phuoc Thai Duong Commune Local Citizen 08/03/2013 31 Dao Van Line Thai Duong Commune Local Citizen 08/03/2013 32 Tran Ngoc Hung Thai Thuy Commune Chairman 07/03/2013 33 Hoang Ngoc Duong Thai Thuy Commune Land Manager 07/03/2013 34 Nguyen Thi Nhung Thai Thuy Commune Bac Dong Village Leader 07/03/2013 35 Pham Ngu Xuan Thai Thuy Commune Local Citizen 07/03/2013 36 Hoang Thi Ngo Thai Thuy Commune Local Citizen 07/03/2013 37 Tran Van Nam Thai Thuy Commune Local Citizen 07/03/2013 38 Trinh Thanh Oai Thuy Lien Commune Vice chairman 07/03/2013 39 Bui Thi Phuong Thuy Lien Commune Land Manager 07/03/2013 40 Pham Van Hon Thuy Lien Commune Tra Linh Village Leader 07/03/2013 41 Nguyen Van Thuy Thuy Lien Commune Local Citizen 07/03/2013 42 Dao Van Loc Thuy Lien Commune Local Citizen 07/03/2013 43 Dao Van Phuc Thuy Lien Commune Local Citizen 07/03/2013 44 Le Duy Change Thuy Ha Commune Chairman 07/03/2013 45 Nguyen Van Tuan Thuy Ha Commune Land Manager 07/03/2013 46 Tran Quoc Quan Thuy Ha Commune Nghia Chi Village Leader 07/03/2013 47 Dao Van H\a Thuy Ha Commune Local Citizen 07/03/2013 48 Giang Van Dong Thuy Ha Commune Local Citizen 07/03/2013 49 Giang Van Chien Thuy Ha Commune Local Citizen 07/03/2013 248 Table 4.9: Consultation with stakeholders for income restoration plan Consultant agency Consultation and information contents Provincial level 1. Provincial Farmers  Consulting on orienting and training jobs at site for farmers Association should be organized with such appropriate jobs as bamboo and 2. Provincial Women rattan weaving like in Dong Phong commune - Dong Hung Union district and embroidery, etc. 3. Vocational college No.  Training knowledge for animal husbandry to support farms 19 - Ministry of and families. Support husbandry based on garden-pond-pigsty Defense model.  Study support forms in order that people will not leave farm or in Diaspora for working as housewives, workers without taking care of children.  Support buying agricultural insurance (rice) for farmers. Currently, the State supports for poor households 100% insurance premium (10,000VND/perch/1crop) and 90% insurance premiums for near-poor households.  Support buying health insurance for households whose land is acquired by percentage or support any form of social insurance to be paid by lump sum or pension regime.  In Thai Binh province, there are many quality vocational centers, in which the prestigious center is Vocational School No.19 - Department of Defense. The school annual admission is organized by the following industries: Intermediate training The training period is 18-months for students who graduated high schools and 36 months for students who graduated secondary schools. Primary training o Welding: 3 and 6 months o Industrial electricity: 3 and 6 months o Civil electricity: 3 and 6 months o Refrigerating machine and air conditioner techniques: 3 and 6 months o Office Computer Science: 3 months o Excavator driving, bulldozer driving: 6 months o Fashion tailoring: 3 months o Car-driving, class B2: 3 months o Car-driving, class C: 5 months. Thai Thuy district 249 1. The Farmers‘ Union  It needs to consult with local agencies to learn all kinds of jobs 2. The District Women's as well as the development trend of each type of job, then Union organizes consultation and orientation for the types of jobs that 3. The Vocational training may be suitable for project affected people to choose and center of Thai Thuy participate in training courses; develop these jobs in order that district households after being acquired land can recover soon. The possibly suitable jobs for training are: ship building, seafood processing, mechanics, rattan – bamboo weaving, yarn crocheting, and industrial sewing.  For households affected by the project, whose family members are between 18 - 35 years old, the above job training should be provided for them in order that after the training courses they can work in local industrial zones or in production facilities in the locality and in the surrounding to create income and stabilize their lives.  For households affected by the project, whose members are 36 - 50 years old, rattan – bamboo weaving, thread hand-made should be trained for them in order that they can work at home or participate in local production unions for income.  Train knowledge about animal feeding to assist affected households to extend their animal feeding scale at homes or in farms.  Train knowledge on food processing such as jellyfish, shrimp- sauce processing,... so that people can work at home  Support initial capitals or interest-free loans or low-interest loans to develop family farming scale, create small shops (selling vegetables, confectionery and food, household goods, ...) or expand stores or light-food restaurant ...  Support the association with production facilities which purchase products from rattan and bamboo, embroider, salted foods... to help produce and export products and provide income for people.  The Training Center in Thai Thuy district is mainly responsible for rural worker job training under Government Scheme 1956. The New Rural Program trains only the primary short-term level in 3 months. The main training jobs include: o Construction engineering o Industrial sewing, fashion apparel o Civil electricity o Mechanical processing o Small scale industry o Sea economics and aquaculture The Center admits students 16 years old or older who are healthy enough to learn. The Center trains upon students‘ request for places and times. Students follow Scheme 1956 are free of tuition and practice and are advised and introduced jobs after training. After the end of a program, students will be qualified for 250 certification of the training course and the Center introduces them to contact with businessmen. The percentage of employment after the end of a course is about 70%. Dong Hung district 1. The Department of  The Upgrading and Expanding Project of HW39 will form a Industry and Trade commercial path between areas in the province and create a 4. The Farmers‘ Union momentum for the local economic development in Dong Hung 5. The District Women's Union district in particular and Thai Binh province as well as the 2. The Vocational training neighboring provinces in general. center of Dong Hung  Currently some occupations in the district that attract the labor district force are: export apparel, bamboo, rattan, cartons, wooden handicrafts, mechanical processing, rush mats, so if the project- affected households loss their jobs due to the acquisition of land, the Project Owner should organize such income restoration programs as training some of these jobs for them and provide them with low interest loans to invest in production and trading etc.  Currently, there are 02 industrial parks in the district (Dong La and Gia Le) and handicraft production facilities for various types of industries are operating in Dong Hung district, which attract a lot of local labor force. So, if affected households lose their jobs due to the loss of productive land, the project should support them with training suitable local jobs in order that members of affected households can participate in industrial facilities in the area to improve income and stabilize their lives. The types of industries in the area to be trained are: seafood processing, aquaculture, industrial sewing, livestock- poultry feeding, box embroider, bamboo and rattan weaving...  In addition, in the district there are a number of trade villages as: chopstick making village (Mai Linh commune); hat making village (Dong Vinh, Dong Giang); sedge mat weaving village (Dong Giang); Banh Cay cake village.... therefore to help family members affected by the land acquisition of the project to recover soon, the project should support training trade village industries to help them have stable jobs.  Support initial capital or interest-free loans or low-interest loans for the initial capital investment of equipment and supplies which are necessary for people‘s jobs. At the same time, invest and enlarger the scale of livestock and small trading ... to generate income for stable their lives.  Support to link with production facilities which purchase products from rattan and bamboo, embroidering, yarn crocheting, box crocheting, salted shrimp sauce.... to help export products and provide income for people.  The Training Center of Dong Hung district trains rural 251 workers under Government Scheme 1956 and prioritizes households under the New Rural Program, which specially focuses on training what farmers need with the following main training courses: o Repair of agricultural machines o Veterinary livestock o Gardening and plants o Bamboo & rattan weaving o Box crocheting The Center trains under the criteria approved by the Department of Labor. After training, the Center will support students to find jobs. For example, in the sewing industry, 100% students get jobs after finishing a course, their average wage and income is about 3million VND/person/month, which depends on their skills. Table 4.10: Summary of the feedback from the participants in communes No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussions Dong Phong 1 commune, Dong Hung district - Which documents and texts are referred to land compensation rates? - Currently is the project road alignment approved? Can the current alignment be adjusted? - Currently the project is unpublished, can we build houses at this time and will we be compensated later? - Look forward to the fair compensation - Borrow low-interest loans for in order that the compensation money children going to school. can buy back land same as the lost one - Look forward loans to expand Dong Tan commune, or can rebuild with an area equal to the agricultural production (livestock 2 Dong Hung district acquired area. expansion, trading expansion). - Train appropriate jobs in order - It needs supports for job changing that affected people can join training for farmers who lose production industrial establishments. land or training for husbandry techniques and veterinary medicine, planting techniques so that people will have income. - The area of land acquisition for the project is not many, so people still have land for cultivation and they are looking forward low interest capital from the project to expand their scale of 252 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussions production or acquisition of new land to continue their farming. Dong Kinh 3 commune, Dong Hung district - When the project implements, impacts - Women want the project support on the operation of the regional initial capital as well as livestock irrigation should be minimized to avoid techniques for them to create affecting production activities of people. income. - Compensation prices for land, crops, - Train a number of industries: and structures… should be built in order industrial sewing, electronics, that when people lose their land and mechanics in association with homes, they can use compensation Thai Giang industrial facilities to help students money to buy same land and property as 4 commune, Thai Thuy get jobs in these facilities after their before. district course. - Are houses to be built recently - Look for funding to improve the compensated? remaining land for higher - Look forward to the project‘s training productivity growth to compensate support and establishment of production for the lost area. groups as well as support to create links - Look forward to loans for with other product consumers to production expansion as well as maintain stable income for the producer small business and trading. groups. - We agree and suggest that the project - The road to be built is open and implements early because impacts of the easy access, more secure. We are road construction are very small very supportive of the project. compared to the agricultural land area - The land was pond previously, we have. If the road is built, it will be which was filled for growing crops very good for traffic and socio-economic and is being harvested. We are development of our commune; there are growing bananas and feeding fish. opportunities for trading and business. If the project compensates money, The farther the road comes, the richer we will spend for foods in a few people are. days; the project‘s support of - There are no traditional or sideline secondary occupations is the best. Thai Son commune, 5 industries in the commune, the main Thai Thuy district livelihood are agriculture. Finishing the - Please support for the household crops, our children work as building poultry farming about 50 chickens workers in Hanoi and surrounding per household. provinces. - The project‘s fair compensation is - When the road is built, it will affect requested and supports to create field canals, ditches, field shores. If the jobs for local people. It can set up a construction causes filling ditches and garment factory here because the pathways, the project has to rebuild for labor force under 45 years old is us. many. - When performing the compensation - The project is recommended to and site clearance, the project is deploy quick to avoid people 253 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussions requested to measure again because the suffering, prolonging and delays as local authorities reallocated land. We do many other projects. not have the land use right certificates. - The project information should be - The impact level is less, which does notified via the village chiefs or not affect our lives. If possible, request women‘s unions, which is the best. the project to support us capital for breeding chicken, duck, swan... because there is no fertilized soil for growing. - Uniformly support the project implementation. - Require adequate compensation in order that affected people can purchase - Women propose some ideas for and repair property and land which are income rehabilitation for affected acquired. households: - Want the project provides local job + Affected families who members training in order that people who lose are 18-35 years old should be productive land can engage and re- trained with a number of industries establish new jobs to create stable (export rattan, sewing, electronics; income. agricultural engineering, etc.) so - Requests of some participants in the that they have jobs and work in a Thai Duong consultation: Before the project starts, number of industrial establishments 6 commune, Thai Thuy temporary roads should be built to avoid in the area to generate income and district traffic congestion as well as improve stable life. traffic safety when the construction + Households whose members are takes place on this road. 35-60 years old require initial - After construction, the project has to capital support or low-interest loans repair irrigation works, canals to ensure for livestock and poultry. the smooth irrigation network as it used - Women want the project‘s initial to be to supply water for agriculture capital support as well as farming activities. techniques in order that after losing - At the same time the project will land, they can ensure income and facilitate smooth travel for people in the stabilize their lives. area. It also contributes to the momentum for the local economic development on a come up. Thai Thuy commune, 7 Thai Thuy district When households were compensated? By Tra Linh Bridge Construction Thuy Lien commune, Project. A section, which is not 8 Thai Thuy district compensated, is the entire of road ROW and public land under the management of the CPC. - Some participants to the consultation - Women propose for vocational Thuy Ha commune, want to know about the project training, arts and crafts, bamboo 9 Thai Thuy district construction progress and the and rattan weaving. compensation, support and resettlement - Women worry about how to 254 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussions policies. replace income due to loss of - Some households are currently trading productive land. along the road, they want to know about Women want the project‘s initial the progress, construction time and how capital support as well as technical the project calculates the support for farming support after losing their business households during the land, so that they can ensure construction stage. If the project is income and stabilize their lives. longer than the initial planning period, - Women want project‘s loan how will it support more for business support for their children‘s going to establishments? school when their families lose - People support the project but require productive land and income. the project‘s support solutions so that - Look forward to the project‘s people can resume their livelihoods. establishment of rattan production - The project should be completed as groups and project‘s links with quickly as possible. When the project is other facilities which purchase put into operation, it will facilitate trade products made by this group in in Thai Thuy province in particular and order to create their stable income. neighbouring provinces in general. At the same time it contributes to the local economy growth. Diem Dien 10 commune, Thai Thuy district Table 4.11: Preferences of the households to the income restoration activities HH Agricultural Vocational Self- No answers District/ Affected activities Training employment given # gave Commune households answers HH % HH % HH % HH % I Thai Thuy 343 132 93 70.5% 3 2.3% 25 18.9% 11 8.3% Diem Dien 1.1 town 3 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1.2 Thai Son 39 16 12 75.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 25.0% 1.3 Thai Thuy 12 5 3 60.0% - 0.0% 2 40.0% - 0.0% 1.4 Thuy Lien 21 5 3 60.0% - 0.0% 2 40.0% - 0.0% 1.5 Thai Giang 104 49 34 69.4% 1 2.0% 12 24.5% 2 4.1% 1.6 Thai Duong 89 42 31 73.8% 2 4.8% 5 11.9% 4 9.5% 1.7 Thuy Ha 75 15 10 66.7% - 0.0% 4 26.7% 1 6.7% II Dong Hung 50 11 9 81.8% 1 9.1% 0 0.0% 1 9.1% 2.1 Dong Kinh 8 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2.2 Dong Tan 42 11 9 81.8% 1 9.1% - 0.0% 1 9.1% Total 393 143 102 71.3% 4 2.8% 25 17.5% 12 8.4% 255 Figure 6: Some photos about public consultation and participation 256 3. Results of consultation for a Section Quan Goi–Yen Lenh and 4 bridges on NH38B The meetings, venue, time and person met, participated is described as in table below: Table 4. 12: Meetings with Other Stakeholders No. of households No. of No. of With Meetin with the No. Commune affected Venue partici participation of g Date questionnaires HH pants Male Female IOL SES % I NH 38 1 Hung Yen 10 10 3 7 10 10 1.1 My Hao 10 10 3 7 10 10 M:19/0 Commune 100 1.1.1 Minh Duc 10 10 3 7 10 10 3 Temple % 2 Hai Duong 208 131 82 49 140 84 2.1 Binh Giang 208 131 82 49 140 84 M: Commune 2.1.1 Hung Thinh 27 16 8 8 21 16 59% 19/03 Temple M: CPC 2.1.2 Vinh Tuy 63 30 17 13 48 25 40% 16/03 meeting hall M: CPC 2.2.3 Vinh Hong 12 11 7 4 10 6 50% 20/03 meeting hall M: CPC 2.1.4 Trang Liet 33 28 19 9 19 15 45% 20/03 meeting hall M: CPC 2.1.5 Thuc Khang 73 46 31 15 42 22 30% 19/03 meeting hall 3 Hung Yen 531 313 188 125 305 190 3.1 An Thi 451 268 156 112 266 160 M: CPC 3.1.1 Phu ung 43 46 24 22 35 19 44% 15/03 meeting hall A: CPC 3.1.2 Bai Say 184 77 53 24 78 57 31% 26/01 meeting hall M: CPC 3.1.3 Tan Phuc 26 25 17 8 15 10 38% 26/01 meeting hall M: CPC 3.1.4 Quang Vinh 78 49 26 23 52 28 36% 16/03 meeting hall M: CPC 3.1.5 An Thi Town 34 25 18 7 31 13 38% 19/03 meeting hall M: CPC 3.1.6 Quang Lang 86 46 18 28 55 33 38% 15/03 meeting hall 3.2 Kim Ä?ong 80 45 32 13 39 30 M: CPC 3.2.1 Nghia Dan 80 45 32 13 39 29 36% 10/03 meeting hall 3.2.2 Toan Thang II NH 38B 1 Hai Duong 160 85 57 28 89 50 1.1 Gia Loc 20 17 10 7 19 10 A: CPC 1.1.1 Doan Thuong 13 10 5 5 11 4 31% 31/01 meeting hall M: CPC 1.1.2 Dong Quang 7 7 5 2 8 6 86% 01/02 meeting hall 257 No. of households No. of No. of With Meetin with the No. Commune affected Venue partici participation of g Date questionnaires HH pants Male Female IOL SES % 2.1 Thanh Mien 140 68 47 21 70 40 2.1.1 Thanh Mien A: CPC 41 35 21 14 35 15 37% Town 02/04 meeting hall 2.1.2 M: CPC Tu Cuong 61 12 10 2 12 13 21% 17/03 meeting hall 2.1.3 A: CPC Cao Thang 38 21 16 5 23 12 32% 16/03 meeting hall 2 Hung Yen 63 59 38 21 61 29 2.1 Phu Cu 63 59 38 21 61 29 A: CPC 2.1.1 Quang Hung 39 39 26 13 39 17 44% 19/03 meeting hall A: CPC 2.1.2 Doan Dao 24 20 12 8 22 12 50% 19/03 meeting hall Table 4. 13: Consultation on income restoration measures Interviewed # Name Address Position date I Provincial level Women Union in Hung Yen Deputy 1 Le Thi Bich Ha 14/03/2013 Province Chairwoman Nguyen Thanh Women Union in Hung Yen Head of 2 14/03/2013 Huyen Province Department Nguyen Huu Farmer Association in Hung 3 Chairman 14/03/2013 Tuyen Yen Province Farmer Association in Hung 4 Le Van Nguyen Deputy Chairman 14/03/2013 Yen Province Farmer Association in Hung 5 Nguyen Tuan Viet Head of Office 14/03/2013 Yen Province 6 Bui Chi Thanh Hung Yen Vocational School Vice principal 14/03/2013 Farmer Association in Hai 7 Le Thiet Hung Head of Office 13/03/2013 Duong Province II District level Management of Industrial Head of 8 Pham Thai Son Parks Board in Hung Yen 15/03/2013 Department Province 258 Interviewed # Name Address Position date Management of Industrial Nguyen Dinh Head of 9 Parks Board in Hung Yen 15/03/2013 Cuong Department Province Women Union in An Thi 10 Dao Thi Hoat Chairwoman 14/03/2013 district Farmer Association in An Thi 11 Nguyen Thi Lang Chairman 14/03/2013 district Women Union in Binh Giang 12 Pham Thi Mo Chairwoman 18/03/2013 district Farmer Association in Binh 13 Le Xuan Hoan Chairman 18/03/2013 Giang district Table 4.14: Meetings for a rapid survey in the substitution values # Name Address Title Meeting date I Hung Yen Province Provincial Department of 1 Nguyen Dinh Nghi Natural Resources and Vice Director 31/01/2013 Environment Provincial Department 2 Pham Truong Tam Deputy Head of Department 31/01/2013 Construction II Hai Duong Province 1 Mai Hoang Khuong PPC Head Office 11/01/2013 2 Pham Sy Thao PPC Deputy Head Office 11/01/2013 III An Thi district 1 Tran Duy Dan DPC Chairman 11/01/2013 2 Duong Tuan Doan DPC Head Office 11/01/2013 Department of Natural 3 Nguyen Huu Chinh Resources and Head of Department 11/01/2013 Environment Department of Natural 4 Nguyen Duc Khiem Resources and Official 11/01/2013 Environment IV Binh Giang district 1 Vu Quang Dang DPC Deputy Chairman 13/03/2013 Department of Natural 2 Pham Van Nam Resources and Head of Department 13/03/2013 Environment 259 # Name Address Title Meeting date Department of Natural 3 Pham Viet Trung Resources and Deputy Head of Department 13/03/2013 Environment V At commune level Deputy Chairman of 1 Nguyen Van Huynh Minh Duc commune 20/03/2013 Commune 2 Vu Hong Duc Minh Duc commune Land Manager 20/03/2013 3 Vu Dang Phong Minh Duc commune Thinh Van Village leader 20/03/2013 4 Chu Thi Duong Minh Duc commune Local Citizen 20/03/2013 5 Tran Trung Duc Minh Duc commune Local Citizen 20/03/2013 6 Duong Duc Luan Minh Duc commune Local Citizen 20/03/2013 7 Pham Ngoc Suu Hung Thinh commune Chairman of Commune 19/03/2013 8 Pham Dinh Minh Hung Thinh commune Land Manager 19/03/2013 9 Le Dinh Soai Hung Thinh commune Ngoc Mai village leader 19/03/2013 10 Ngo Son Tung Hung Thinh commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 11 Trinh Dinh Hien Hung Thinh commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 12 Nguyen Van The Hung Thinh commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 13 Vu Xuan Hien Vinh Tuy commune Chairman of Commune 16/03/2013 14 Vu Duy Mung Vinh Tuy commune Land Manager 16/03/2013 15 Vu Van Chien Vinh Tuy commune Vinh Lai village leader 16/03/2013 16 Vu Van Toi Vinh Tuy commune Local Citizen 16/03/2013 17 Vu Van Hiep Vinh Tuy commune Local Citizen 16/03/2013 18 Tran Van San Vinh Tuy commune Local Citizen 16/03/2013 19 Vu Van Tuan Vinh Hong commune Chairman of Commune 20/03/2013 20 Nguyen Van Dich Vinh Hong commune Land Manager 20/03/2013 21 Pham Van Lam Vinh Hong commune Me Khe village leader 20/03/2013 22 Co Thoa Vinh Hong commune Local Citizen 20/03/2013 23 Vu Dinh Moi Vinh Hong commune Local Citizen 20/03/2013 24 Bui Manh Cuong Vinh Hong commune Local Citizen 20/03/2013 Deputy Chairman of 25 Quach Van Hung Trang Liet commune 20/03/2013 Commune 26 Pham Manh Kim Trang Liet commune Land Manager 20/03/2013 27 Chu Van Tan Trang Liet commune Thuong area leader 20/03/2013 28 Nguyen Van Tien Trang Liet commune Local Citizen 20/03/2013 29 Phan Van Huu Trang Liet commune Local Citizen 20/03/2013 30 Nguyen Thi Van Trang Liet commune Local Citizen 20/03/2013 31 Bui Van Cuong Thuc Khang commune Chairman of Commune 19/03/2013 32 Vu Xuan Thai Thuc Khang commune Land Manager 19/03/2013 260 # Name Address Title Meeting date 33 Nguyen Van Hanh Thuc Khang commune Tranh Ngoai village leader 19/03/2013 34 Nguyen Van Tuan Thuc Khang commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 35 Pham Van Thuong Thuc Khang commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 36 Hoang Quoc Bao Thuc Khang commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 Deputy Chairman of 37 Tran Cong Trang Phu Ung commune 15/03/2013 Commune 38 Ngo Minh Tan Phu Ung commune Land Manager 15/03/2013 39 Vu Ngoc Hoa Phu Ung commune Phu Ung village leader 15/03/2013 40 Pham Van Kien Phu Ung commune Local Citizen 15/03/2013 41 Nguyen Xuan Quyet Phu Ung commune Local Citizen 15/03/2013 42 Ly Ngoc Minh Phu Ung commune Local Citizen 15/03/2013 43 Nhu Duc Van Bai Say commune Chairman of Commune 26/01/2013 44 Nhu Van Huy Bai Say commune Land Manager 26/01/2013 45 Nguyen Van Co Bai Say commune Boi Khe village leader 26/01/2013 46 Pham Van Hung Bai Say commune Trai Giao village leader 26/01/2013 47 Pham Van Kin Bai Say commune Local Citizen 26/01/2013 48 Pham Van Tranh Bai Say commune Local Citizen 26/01/2013 49 Pham Duc Hoa Bai Say commune Local Citizen 26/01/2013 50 Bui Dinh Quynh Tan Phuc commune Chairman of Commune 26/01/2013 51 Le Xuan Chi Tan Phuc commune Land Manager 26/01/2013 52 Dang Dinh Thach Tan Phuc commune Ngoc Nhue village leader 26/01/2013 53 Vu Van Can Tan Phuc commune Phuc Xa village leader 26/01/2013 54 Do Van Quynh Tan Phuc commune Local Citizen 26/01/2013 55 Dang Dinh Hai Tan Phuc commune Local Citizen 26/01/2013 56 Ngo Minh Vuong Tan Phuc commune Local Citizen 26/01/2013 Deputy Chairman of 57 Nguyen Quang Tuan Quang Vinh commune 16/03/2013 Commune 58 Dang Van Dang Quang Vinh commune Land Manager 16/03/2013 59 Vu Trong Thien Quang Vinh commune Do Thuong village leader 16/03/2013 60 Hung Nguyen Mau Quang Vinh commune Local Citizen 16/03/2013 61 Nguyen Thi Mai Quang Vinh commune Local Citizen 16/03/2013 62 Dang Thi Quyen Quang Vinh commune Local Citizen 16/03/2013 63 Vu Huy Thai An Thi town Chairman of Commune 19/03/2013 64 Hoang Van Thuy An Thi town Land Manager 19/03/2013 65 Le Thi Tuoi An Thi town Hoang Ca 1 village leader 19/03/2013 261 # Name Address Title Meeting date 66 Hoang Van Trung An Thi town Local Citizen 19/03/2013 67 Hoang Van Hai An Thi town Local Citizen 19/03/2013 68 Hoang Xuan Truong An Thi town Local Citizen 19/03/2013 Manh Ha 69 construction material An Thi town Business 19/03/2013 shop Giao Mien 70 construction material An Thi town Business 19/03/2013 shop Hoc Vui construction 71 An Thi town Business 19/03/2013 material shop 72 Nguyen Van Dung Quang Lang commune Chairman of Commune 15/03/2013 73 Ta Van Thap Quang Lang commune Land Manager 15/03/2013 74 Tran Xuan Mai Quang Lang commune Luu Xa village leader 15/03/2013 75 Nguyen Thi Thuong Quang Lang commune Local Citizen 15/03/2013 76 Nguyen Thi Binh Quang Lang commune Local Citizen 15/03/2013 77 Tran Thi Van Quang Lang commune Local Citizen 15/03/2013 78 Dao Trung Lap Nghia Dan commune Chairman of Commune 10/03/2013 79 Hoang Van khoan Nghia Dan commune Land Manager 10/03/2013 80 Nguyen Van Quan Nghia Dan commune Truc Cau village leader 10/03/2013 81 Nguyen An Tuat Nghia Dan commune Local Citizen 10/03/2013 82 Hoang Van Tuan Nghia Dan commune Local Citizen 10/03/2013 83 Khuc Truong son Nghia Dan commune Local Citizen 10/03/2013 84 Nguyen Ngoc Hoang Toan Thang commune Chairman of Commune 12/03/2013 85 Nguyen Van Kha Toan Thang commune Land Manager 12/03/2013 Quyen Doi 87 construction material Toan Thang commune Business 12/03/2013 shop 88 Nguyen Duc Quang Toan Thang commune Local Citizen 12/03/2013 89 Nguyen Van Hoi Toan Thang commune Local Citizen 12/03/2013 90 Nguyen Van Bich Toan Thang commune Local Citizen 12/03/2013 91 Vu Ngoc Son Doan Thuong commune Chairman of Commune 31/03/2013 92 Vu Ngoc Quy Doan Thuong commune Land Manager 31/03/2013 93 Vu Hong Xung Doan Thuong commune Thung Do village leader 31/03/2013 94 Nguyen Anh Tuan Doan Thuong commune Local Citizen 31/03/2013 95 Nguyen Ngoc Quy Doan Thuong commune Local Citizen 31/03/2013 96 Vu Thi Van Doan Thuong commune Local Citizen 31/03/2013 97 La Van Chien Dong Quang commune Chairman of Commune 01/02/2013 98 Nguyen Van Tu Dong Quang commune Land Manager 01/02/2013 262 # Name Address Title Meeting date 99 Nguyen Anh Sung Dong Quang commune An Thu village leader 01/02/2013 100 Vu Thi Dong Dong Quang commune Local Citizen 01/02/2013 101 Le Van Giang Dong Quang commune Local Citizen 01/02/2013 102 Vu Van Khuyen Dong Quang commune Local Citizen 01/02/2013 103 Do Quy Cam Thanh Mien town Chairman of Commune 02/04/2013 104 Nguyen Ngoc Chien Thanh Mien town Land Manager 02/04/2013 105 Vu Van Tiem Thanh Mien town Phuong Hoang village leader 02/04/2013 106 Ngo Xuan Vinh Thanh Mien town Local Citizen 02/04/2013 107 Ngo Quang Ngan Thanh Mien town Local Citizen 02/04/2013 108 Hoang Thi Luyen Thanh Mien town Local Citizen 02/04/2013 109 Vu Van Dang Tu Cuong commune Chairman of Commune 17/03/2013 110 Pham Thi Que Tu Cuong commune Land Manager 17/03/2013 111 Bui Dang Hue Tu Cuong commune An Nghiep village leader 17/03/2013 112 Ngo Van Chanh Tu Cuong commune Local Citizen 17/03/2013 113 Vu Duc Nhanh Tu Cuong commune Local Citizen 17/03/2013 114 Ngo Trung Kieu Tu Cuong commune Local Citizen 17/03/2013 115 Truong Minh Man Cao Thang commune Chairman of Commune 16/03/2013 116 Vu Quang Lung Cao Thang commune Land Manager 16/03/2013 117 Pham Van Lieu Cao Thang commune Bang Do village leader 16/03/2013 118 Hung Truong Tuyen Cao Thang commune Local Citizen 16/03/2013 119 Luu Van Tham Cao Thang commune Local Citizen 16/03/2013 120 Nguyen Huu Chieu Cao Thang commune Local Citizen 16/03/2013 121 Vu Manh Tuyen Quang Hung commune Chairman of Commune 19/03/2013 122 Le Hong Son Quang Hung commune Land Manager 19/03/2013 123 Vu Tien Thanh Quang Hung commune Quang Xa village 19/03/2013 124 Luu Van Luan Quang Hung commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 125 Nguyen Van Nam Quang Hung commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 126 Nguyen Van An Quang Hung commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 127 Hung Vuong Dinh Doan Dao commune Chairman of Commune 19/03/2013 128 Vu Duc Manh Doan Dao commune Land Manager 19/03/2013 129 Ta Quang Lanh Doan Dao commune Doan Dao village 19/03/2013 130 Nguyen Van Cuong Doan Dao commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 131 Nguyen Thi Lien Doan Dao commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 132 Nguyen Thi At Doan Dao commune Local Citizen 19/03/2013 263 Table 4.16: Consultation with stakeholders for income restoration plan (Section Quan Goi – Yen Lenh and 4 bridges of NH 38B) Consultation agency Consultation content and information Provincial level Hai Duong Provincial  The Union has not organized any income restoration programs for Farmers’ Union households affected by the projects in the province. However, during 2008 - 2015, the Union has collaborated with a number of departments to build a project: "Support farmers to invest in agricultural mechanization" with the main contents: investment in tractors, harvesters, plucking rice machine, cultivators and trucks. This project is funded by the State budget with the maximum preferential interest of 75% of the purchase price. So if the Upgrading and Expansion Highway 38 Project organizes economic rehabilitation program for affected households, it can coordinate with the Farmers‘ Union of Hai Duong province to integrate the project the Union is implementing to support households affected by the project.  It needs to consult with local agencies to capture all kinds of jobs as well as the development trend of each type of job, then consult and orient suitable jobs for people affected by the project to opt and participate in the training to stabilize their life after the land acquisition. The jobs in the area suitable for the training are livestock and veterinary; seafood processing – aquaculture; agricultural mechanics; industrial garment.  For the poor, the project should support them loans to buy fertilizer for agricultural production.  For households affected by the project, whose members are between 18-35 years old, the following jobs should be trained for them: electronic assembly, industrial garment, mechanics engineering, wood machining; the learning period should be about 3 months; after the course they can work in industrial zones or in production facilities in the area to generate income and stabilize their lives.  For households affected by the project, whose members are 36 - 50 years old, training veterinary and animal husbandry and cultivation knowledge should be supported for them to expand their animal breeding scale as well as their farms with high yield crops (tomatoes, corns, potatoes, etc.).  Support initial capital via interest-free loans or low-interest loans to implement family farming scale and expand the production scale (such as industrial garment, mechanic engineering, wood machining); small businesses in the market... 1. Hung Yen Farmers‘ Union  The Women‘s Union and the Farmers‘ Union have not implemented any income restoration programs for project affected 2. Hung Yen Women‘s households in the province. In recent years the Unions have Union collaborated with other agencies and industries to develop a support 3. The Center for Vocational program for poor farmers and policy-families on vocational training 264 Consultation agency Consultation content and information Training and Employment under Decision 1956 of the Prime Minister. Support under the Farmers‘  The Farmers‘ Union and the Women‘ Union in Hung Yen province Union in collaboration with agencies and unions have trained a number of 4. Hung Yen Management industries: bamboo & rattan, mushroom, earthworms, veterinary husbandry techniques; a training course takes 03 months then trainees Board for Industrial Zones are certified.  In An Thi district, there are mainly 02 rice crops; enterprises in the area are few; so we look for the Upgrading and Expanding Highway 38 Project to support affected households with high productivity rice cultivation techniques and capital support for fertilizer and insecticide to prevent diseases. In An Thi district, there is a hat-making village and a silver carving village in Phu Ung commune; the rattan and bamboo weaving has been recently introduced in the district and has not developed. Former Phu Minh Company in Pho Noi town cooperated with local authorities to training rattan and bamboo weaving for people in the area; Anh Hong Co. Ltd. is buying thread-weaving products in the district. So when the Upgrading and Expanding Highway 38 Project organizes job training, it should direct affected people to study some of the above occupations (rattan and bamboo weaving, thread-weaving), help to create an production association and link with procurement units to consume products.  Currently in the province, 02 industrial zones: Pho Noi A, Pho Noi B and some industrial production lines have attracted many workers in the province as well as neighboring provinces. Some jobs that attract large number workers are industrial garment and electronic assembly, Kinh Do candy, ...  In the past year, the Women‘s Union in Hung Yen province corporate with the departments and unions to implement program to support female members who are healthy to work but do not belong to poverty households (poor ) by providing cattle and pig breeders. Currently this model works very effectively. The Provincial Women's Union encourages the Upgrading and Expanding Highway 38 Project, when implementing the program, it should model the breeder support to people to develop breeding herds, generating income for their families and early stabling their lives.  It is expected that in the coming time, the Women‘s Union in Hung Yen province will coordinate with Hung Yen Vocational School to train and establish producer group: flowers; mushrooms; safe vegetables; worm farming; livestock and poultry; freshwater fish for the households involved. According to the initial cost estimates, the funding for the livestock model (cattle, freshwater fish, and worm farming) is about 15 million VND; poultry and mushroom farming is more than 40 million VND. If this group works well, the model will be replicated for the entire Hung Yen province. So if the Upgrading and 265 Consultation agency Consultation content and information Expanding Highway 38 Project deploys the income rehabilitation program, it should introduce affected people the floriculture, mushroom cultivation, and safe vegetable cultivation so that they can participate, create income and stabilize their lives.  The Center for Vocational Training and Employment is under the Farmers‘ Union trains the following jobs: + Techniques for safe vegetable cultivation + Techniques for veterinary and livestock (cattle and poultry) + Techniques for aquaculture + Techniques for handicrafts A training course takes about 3 months; the training fund is supported by the Provincial Farmers‘ Union under Decision 1956. In addition, the Center is associated with a number of vocational schools to train agriculture mechanics, civil engineering, industrial garment ... District level Binh Giang district, Hai Duong province - There are 2 resettlement sites in district to serve resettlement for Ha 1. Department of Economic Noi - Hai Phong Expressway Construction Project: (i) Resettlement Infrastructure site at Co Bi commune has 100 plots that occupied and (ii) Resettlement site at Nhan Quyen commune has 30 plots that occupied. 2. Farmers‘ Association If the Upgrading and Expanding Project of NH 38 would require land 3. Women‘s Union acquisition due to needs of resettlement, there is available land in commune to arrange resettlement for affected households. - Ocean Investment Joint Stock Company has also invested in building a new commercial residential area in Hung Thinh commune, and is currently conducting leveling. If the Upgrading and Expanding Project of NH38 has needs of resettlement for affected households, the new commercial residential area can meet the need for households in resettlement. This area measure 13.7ha, of which residential land accounts for 35% and the remaining area is under investment for business, service establishments and investors are being called on. Investment rate for the resettlement plots close to the center: 12 million VND/1m2 with infrastructure. - In addition, there is the new residential area with the area of 13 ha in Trang Liet commune which has been approved by PPC, and Toan Gia Thanh Join Venture is the client for this new residential area. This residential area is planned with 44% of residential land, including the villas. - There are 4 industrial parks in Binh Giang district, which attract about 10,000 labors. Industrial parks including: + Hung Thinh Industrial park at Hung Thinh commune has area of 50ha, currently this industrial park has been filled with type of industries such as: Mechanical of agricultural machinery engines (majority); mechanical processing; electric motor; Manufacturing of household furniture. Labors in this industrial park are account for 50% total of labors in industrial parks in the district. + Trang Liet – Thuc Khang Mechanical Engineering village located in Trang Liet commune and Thuc Khang commune with an area of 27 hectares. Type of activities: mechanical processing accounts for about 266 Consultation agency Consultation content and information 50%, the rest of the garment industry and other types. + Tan Hong – Vinh Hong Industrial park has area of 37ha, this industrial park has multidisciplinary: industrial sewing; mechanical processing; electronics manufacture and assembly… - In the district there are 7 trade villages: 1. There are 2 villages on silver carving (Chau Khe – Luong Ngoc) at Thuc Khang commune. Numbers of households in the village which do silver carving account for 50-60% of total households in 02 villages, operation efficiency of this village is quite high. 2. Trang Liet Mechanical village at Trang Liet commune provides agricultural machinery engines, operation efficiency is very high. 3. Phuong Do carpentry village located in Hung Thinh commune, specializing in household furniture and wooden furniture. Population of the village which does in this trade accounts for 60% of total households in the village. Operation efficiency is quite high. 4. Cay ceramic village located in Long Xuyen commune, specializing in producing ceramics. 5. Vac village which in making comb is less active. 6. Dinh Nhu carpentry village at Dinh Nhu village, Binh Xuyen commune. In the district, Encourage Agriculture Center in collaboration with provincial departments has annual opened Breeding technique training course, cultivation, growing rice with high yield and training a non- agricultural job (garment, electronics assembly...) for poor people as 1956 fund by Prime Minister approved. - So far the Farmers‘ Association has not been implemented income restoration measures for households affected by the project implemented in the province. - Annually, Farmers‘ Association organizes 12 training courses, breeding technical training, cultivation, aquaculture (one course per month), garment, crocheted wool to export, handicrafts. The training period is 2-3 months, after the end of a program, students will be qualified for certification of the training course. - Currently Farmers‘ Association has implemented freshwater fish farming model, majority at Hong Khe commune, with initial invested capital is 500 million VND, initially efficiency as expected. - Livestock model is also implemented in the district. - District Farmers‘ Association has implemented the project on supporting loans to farmers investing machinery for agricultural production, funding from the state budget is 20 billion VND. The machines are: plow machine, rice plucking machine, harvester, sowing machine. - Some of secondary jobs are currently in the district: + Silver carving + Interior decoration (wooden furniture) + Bamboo & Rattan - Currently garment training course in the district achieved high efficiency and most of students get jobs after finishing a course, their average wage and income is about 2,5-3million VND/person/month. - These secondary jobs are thriving in the area: Silver carving and wooden furniture. Therefore, when the Upgrading and Expanding NH38 Project organizes an income rehabilitation program for affected households, it should guide them some jobs which are available in the district as well as train them techniques. 267 Consultation agency Consultation content and information An Thi district, Hung Yen province 1. Department of Industry The Farmers‘ Union and the Women‘s Union in An Thi district in and Trade collaboration with To Hieu University to train some sectors: veterinary 1. Farmers‘ Union and husbandry techniques; high yield rice techniques; garment 2. District Women's Union industry; mechanical engineering; electronic assembly… A training 3. An Thi district vocational period takes 03 months. Then trainees will receive certificates. Most training center students can find jobs through the introduction of the Unions. The District Women‘s Union is currently modeling growing vegetabl es and mushrooms. Expected in the second quarter of 2013, they will launch 02 models. In the district, a number of households joined training on pig feeding and mushrooms techniques and then deploy the model with high efficiency. Yet the mushrooms model does not thrive because people worry about no where for their stable product consumption, so they have not invested in this model. In Tien Phong commune the vegetable model is deploying (corvettes) but at a small scale because they have not associated with consumption units to sold large quantity, people here do not dare to thrive. The district now has some Korean garment companies, attracting 1,500 - 2,000 workers; private garment facilities employ about 200 workers. So when the Upgrading and Expanding HW38 Project organizes an income rehabilitation program for affected households, it should guide them some jobs which are available in the district as well as train them techniques to model the animal feeding and cultivation which have been developed in the district; train women 18 -35 years old the industrial garment when they demand and want to work for garment companies in the area. At the same time, the project associates with the product purchasers to help households sell products and develop the model sustainably. When the Upgrading and Expanding HW38 Project organizes an income rehabilitation program for affected households, the Farmers‘ Union encourages the project to provide technical assistance for raising pig and chicken (for eggs) and support loans to implement the model. At the same time, the project associates with the procurement units that purchase clean eggs (supermarkets). The households who are affected with more than 10% of their agricultural land and the household who is fully affected on the house would be eligible to the income restoration activities. The activities for income restoration will be designed in an implementation phase of RP based on the DMS results and the results of further consultation with stakeholders of income restoration. 268 Table 4.17: Summary of the feedback from the participants in communes No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion I Highway 38, Quan Goi-Yen Lech bridge section Minh Duc commune, Less affected households, only meet 1 My Hao district, with commune leaders and consult Hung Yen province households via questionnaires. - Agree with the project implementation. However, the project area is the highest - Support the project to be yield rice production area in the developed early in order that commune. If the land acquisition occurs, there are pretty smooth local it will affect the agricultural households, road early and convenient for thus the project is requested to arrange people. appropriate compensation and support to limit disadvantages for people. - When the project implements the land acquisition, single, - After the project organizes the land windowed female householders, acquisition, farmers will loss their land who are nursing children at and loss their jobs, so we expect the school age, will get more project to support us the job training to difficulties, so we expect a fair create new jobs for local people. There compensation and more support are a lot of industrial establishments in fund from the project so that we the commune currently (31 companies can find jobs, hire new land or and businesses which primarily major in invest in remaining land for high mechanical - agriculture activities and yield farming. traditional carpentry), therefore, we look Hung Thinh forward to the project‘ job training - We look for the project‘s commune, Binh 2 support to create new jobs and stabilize support on vocational training Giang district, Hai for children 18-35 years old, people‘s lives. Duong province who are in households affected - When we loss land, the project should by the project (vocational consult with the local leaders and training for agricultural farmers in order that we have stable food engineering, machining and security. traditional carpentry). - When the project acquires land, if the - For women 35-55 years old the remaining area after the land acquisition project should have technical is too small (less than 200m2), the training and financial support in project should acquire all land because it livestock and poultry for them. is too small to do farming. - We look for the project‘s - Support loans for families to develop support on the vocational the carpentry with less than 100 million training for affected families; VND. support initial loans for the - Highly support the project traditional carpentry tooling and implementation. It is requested to be equipment to create a stable quickly for locals to have smooth traffic source of income and soon on road and to promote the local stabilize the lives. economic development. - People attending the meeting support - We desire the project‘s loans Vinh Tuy commune, the project implementation but request for business expansion and 3 Binh Giang district, that the project must be transparent, fair; production, the expected loan Hai Duong province all information about the project should be less than 100 million (resettlement, compensation, VND. 269 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion construction) must be disseminated to - Women want to be supported each household to understand. with initial loans as well as - Some participants to the consultations technical farming support so that would like to know about the project after losing land they can ensure construction progress, requests the income and stabilize their lives. project to roll the works, completing - Women are looking for works section by section, to limit project‘s loans for their children impacts on the movement and activities to go to school when their of people in the construction process. families loss productive land - The project mostly passes agricultural and loss income. areas, so when being progress, it is - We look for the project‘s requested to plan temporary roads to support for the establishment of serve people's travel as well as when the a number of rattan production project cuts infield canals, it must build groups or livestock areas (farms) alternative canals to not interrupt the and links with other companies water supply to the agricultural activities which purchase products made and not affect the production activities by these groups to create them of people. stable income. - People support the project but request the project to have adequate support solutions so that people can restore their livelihoods after the land acquisition. - For affected households, which have people more than 60 years old, the project should support them cash funding to help them self-employ because they can not participate in vocational training to change to new jobs at their age. - The project should be as quickly as possible as when the project construction works completed and put into operation, they will facilitate the trading between the regions in Hai Duong province in particular and in the neighboring provinces in general. At the same time this project promotes the local economy to go up. - According to the planning, Binh Giang - Agree with the project district will become Binh Giang town by implementation and desire the 2020. The project passes through Vinh project‘s fair compensation. Hong commune, which will contribute - Hope that the project will train to the introduction, a premise that the industrial garment for our Vinh Hong promote the planning quickly become a children 18-35 years old in commune, Binh 4 reality. Therefore local people are very households affected by the Giang district, Hai excited and agreed that the project project. Now the garment Duong province should be quickly. industry in the area is pretty - The compensation for households developed and attracting affected by the project land acquisition employees, especially female should comply with the provisions of the workers. state and publicize to avoid questions of - Women look for the project‘s 270 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion affected households during the initial loans as well as livestock implementation of the land acquisition. and veterinary technical support after their land is lost to help - When the project carries out the land them ensure income and acquisition, if the remaining area after stabilize their lives. the land acquisition is too small (less than 200m2), it should be acquired all - Women look for the project‘s because the remaining area is too small initial loans for their children to keep the production efficiency. going to school when their families loss of productive land, - The project‘s land acquisition will lose loss income. job opportunities; it should support the training on mechanics, apparel, to create - We look for the project‘s new jobs and stabilize people‘s lives. support to establish a livestock production group (livestock - Currently there is Phuc Dien industrial farm). The expected money is zone which is planned in more than less than 150 million VND. 200ha in the commune. After the project deployment, there will be a large amount of labor, so the project should consider some types of jobs in the industrial zone to drive as well as train appropriately us to work in this industrial zone. - The local highly support the project implementation to create a road for the community, more convenient and less - Support the project traffic accidents in the section passing implementation quickly to help the commune. This road also contributes people have an extensive road to the promotion of the socio-economic for smooth travel. development in the area. - We look for the project‘s - We want to know the detail planning appropriate compensation. Older of the road passing our commune to women should be supported know exactly how much our land is with livestock technical training affected, which help us secure in the as well as raising loans to raise production, working. Now we do not livestock (cattle and poultry) to know how much we will be affected and make income. Trang Liet we are very worried. - We look for the project‘s commune, Binh 5 - Require the adequate compensation to initial loan in order that the Giang district, Hai affected people in order that they can households can create rattan and Duong province purchase and repair property and land bamboo frames of cargoes to which is acquired. shoulder and sell on streets or - People‘ expectation when the project is small kiosks to sell cargoes at implemented is minimizing impact of the market (fruit, vegetables land acquisition since the acquired land etc.). now is largely belonged to old - Hope that the project loans us households. If we loss land, we get with low-interest and the difficult to make alternative income. On payback period is about 2 - 3 the other hand, because we are old, we years for affected households to could not be working in enterprises, so expand the wooden furniture we look for the project‘s support so that production. The loan should 100 we can create jobs by ourselves million VND or more. (weaving, livestock, planting trees, small business, etc.). 6 Thuc Khang - Local leaders and people all support - The woman group highly 271 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion commune, Binh the project implementation. The project agreed to the project Giang district, Hai formation will bring advantages for implementation. The Duong province people like: smooth travel, freight construction of this road will trading between the areas, improving facilitate the movement of local transport system, and promoting people in the region in particular further local economic development. and the community in general. - When deploying the site clearance, the - We look for the projects‘ loans project is requested to be transparent and to expand production scale, to compensate satisfactorily with fair doing business (gold- silver prices to limit civil claims in the process carving) - the loan should be of site clearance. 100 million VND and the payback period is about 03 years - We look for the project‘s loan support later). to expand the business scale (traditional carpentry, silver carving), if I am - The area where the project borrowed, I need from 100 million VND goes through is mostly or more. agricultural land. If the Government seizes land, people - The project goes through fields, the lose jobs, so the project should remaining area is small and inefficient support for raising livestock for production, so it is requested to be (pigs, cattle, chickens, ducks, acquired all remaining land. etc.) cultivation (watermelon, - When the project construction starts, tomato, maize, potato, etc.), and drainage system should be built along support seedlings and loans, the road to drain water. Undrained techniques to help people have rainwater will flood houses along the jobs. The support should be 100 road. For road sections that cut through million VND or more. infield canals, the project is requested to - Hope that the project will build alternative canals to limit impact support techniques for high to the operations of local irrigation. yield maize cultivation and seedlings because now we do not know where to buy? - People in Phu Ung commune highly - Agree with the project support the Upgrading and Expanding of implementation. However, when Highway 38 passing our commune. The the project performs the project formation will contribute to compensation, it must be improve the local transportation and adequate to avoid damages to facilitate smooth travel for the people as property of people. well as promote the local social and economic development. - For female households older than 40 years old, they desire the - According to the project preliminary project‘s technical support for Phu Ung commune, design, we found that the formation of livestock farming to help them 7 An Thi district, Hung the project road will cut through the both increase production and Yen province industrial zone (the industrial zone has ensure houseworks. been approved by the government) and change the master planning of Phu Ung - The group of women 18 - 35 commune in particular and An Thi years old would like to have district in general, so the project is some vocational training to find requested to consider the alignment to jobs, such training as: industrial limit the disruption of the master garment, mechanical processing, planning of the commune. bamboo and rattan weaving. - Before the project implementation, the - The affected women group project owner should build temporary desires the project loans to 272 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion road to serve the travel as well as the expand business scale (selling production of the local population, and goods at the market, silver the project must build replacement carving). canals to ensure the water supply for agricultural production activities without interruption. - Request the project to research, develop such a compensation plan that the compensation prices to affected people are adequately and fairly. - The project acquires land for construction; if the remaining land after the acquisition is small and economically ineffective, so can the project acquire all remaining area? - When the project acquires land, local people lose their jobs, so it is requested to provide training supports (silver carving, garment, mechanics, etc.), and technical training for breeding, agriculture production for people affected by the project to create new jobs and a stable source of income. - The project should be quickly to minimize the waste of land because land after being acquired is not used and people do not have land for production. Also the project should organize the construction quickly to minimize impacts on the operation and production activities of local people. - We fully support the project - All of us here are very implementation and request its fast supportive of the project. progress, not only affect the traffic like - A number of our households the construction of Road 5B. are a bit worried because of the - We recommend adequate psychological fear that it is not compensation policies, so our people do stabilizes because of disable not lose. children. - There is policy that supports us - We want to be consulted Bai Say commune, preferential loans or free-interest to raisedirectly, not through 8 An Thi district, Hung capital for business, trade or livestock at intermediaries, we want direct Yen province home. information. Request to support us loans for business, trade, and - The navigation clearance of National livestock. Because normally Highway 38 will be encroached; it is many women get difficult to recommended that the compensation for borrow for business. us is taken immediately because the land allocation was taken from 1993 - The project after completion of backward. the road must have sign boards to let people know for - The State takes over people‘s land; convenience. people agree but request to have resettlement land if their land is used up. - We suggest that the project is 273 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion more concerned about our - We would like to ask the compensation economics because I have a prices? If the land is acquired, is the disability child and mental residential land ensured in accordance husband. with the state regulations? - Wastewater ditches, drains - The State is requested how to calculate should be built accordingly. to help people suffer less and support to create jobs for our people. - We are very excited to hear the presentation about the project and the policies is very clear, very well. We - All women support and agree propose that the project comply with to the implementation of the what has been presented and do not project construction. assign all the compensation and support for the provinces and the districts. - We suggest the project how to compensate satisfactorily to - We recommend the compensation for people. the business affected during the construction process. - When heightening up road, houses and yards should be - We would like to speak directly about elevated, does the project our rights and we do hope the project support? And thus it will affect ensure better compensation policy for trading activities and the risk of land acquisition households to have a Tan Phuc commune, environmental pollution for us. better life as before the project 9 An Thi district, Hung implementation. - What we are concerned about Yen province is that the land has no red book, - The project should consult and ask us we suggest the project to directly. Before the compensation, support and compensate us in prices must be informed us in advance. full to avoid disadvantage. - We do not have secondary jobs, please - We loss our land and the support us loan for business. Open elderly like us don‘t not know training and vocational training in what to live, what to eat? Please accordance with the age and the current support us. market. - It should organize direct - We suggest that when the road consultation and disclosure construction complete, vehicle speeds on information via village leaders is road should be specified to avoid the best way. accidents because when the road is expanded, nice, vehicles will run fast that cause accidents. - The locals are excited about the project - We, women, are very excited and suggest its deployment as soon as and will support the project possible. It will be better if the road is road. straightly aligned with the commune - We suggest the project to ditches because some locations at the Quang Vinh create jobs for women, such as end of the project road go beyond the commune, An Thi garment, establishment of 10 existing irrigation ditches. district, Hung Yen garment factories. The province - Affected households suggest credit compensation will be severed support to recovery livestock activities. for livestock and business. - The representatives of Hung Yen - Households can join in safe Planting Varieties JSC. request the vegetable growing projects. The project to compensate the Fruit Tree Provincial Department of Project for the Company, including Agriculture and Rural 274 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion infrastructure but not compensate based Development is developing An on the unit prices for affected trees. The Thi as a rice granary. Company's Project covers 5 ha longan - According to Hung Yen trees about 9 years old, which is in the Planting Varieties JSC., if they 3rd harvesting year. are supported loans from 1-5 - We recommend preferential loans for billion VND, they will support households and especially the free- 80-100 employees with a salary interest loan is the best to support them of about 3 million VND/month. changing job. Hung Yen Planting - We recommend the project Varieties JSC. is willing to provide informs people 6 months prior technical assistance for affected the implementation. Project households that change job. announcement should be read on communal loudspeakers and broadcast daily at about 18:00 PM. Hoang Hoa Tham commune, An Thi 11 district, Hung Yen province - It is recommended that the remaining area cutting by the road is very little and unarable, so the project should acquire all. - The system of canals affected by the project should be rebuilt and returned early to resume normal agricultural production. Arrange reasonable irrigation drains for agricultural production, particularly the drain aperture based on experiences from the Provincial Road 200 Project. - We suggest that during the design of road and irrigation/drainage works, people in the town should be consulted, No organization of gender group An Thi town, An Thi learning experiences from the Provincial discussions because only 3 12 district, Hung Yen Road 200 Project and rebuilding really female households joined the province necessary locations, where the meeting. construction company said that they are not in the design. - We suggest that the connection slopes with village roads, alleys should be smoothly to ensure the convenient travel and avoid steep and high slope. - Support for the living stabilization should not base on the percentage of the acquired land. Since the percentage is different as households have different total area and acquired area. If I miss one pole out of eight poles, I will have very low percentage. Support this compensation should be based on the 275 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion acquired area, which is the best. - We suggest supporting for small business and livestock combination. The project can develop a retired program from now on for us for a few hundred thousand per month to compensate for the acquisition of agricultural land. - Quang Lang commune supports the project implementation. The project - The women highly agreed the route formation will bring advantages project implementation. The for people to improve the local transport construction of this road will system and to promote further facilitate the movement of development of the local economy. people in the region in particular - When deploying the site clearance, and the community in general. request the project owner to compensate - Women worry about how to people under the provisions of the replace income due to loss of State's policy with fair compensation productive land. prices. - Women want the project - The project goes through field. The support initial loans as well as remaining area is small, fragmental and livestock technical support after inefficient so request the project to losing their land, so that they Quang Lang acquire all remaining land. can ensure income and stabilize commune, An Thi their lives. 13 - Where the project acquires land, the district, Hung Yen - Women want the project province construction should start at once to avoid when land is acquired, people support loans for children going need land but have not. to school when their families loss productive land, loss - There is still 5% land in the commune, income. if households affected by the project - We look for the project‘s want to exchange land for land, the livestock and cultivation commune can meet them. technical support to set up a - Hope that the project will compensated livestock groups (livestock fairly, so that we can save to live when farms, crop farms). At the same getting old. time, we desire the project to - When the project starts, the Contractor link with the companies that should arrange draining ditch when the purchase products made by this road cutting existing canals to ensure group (crop products) in order to continuous water supply and limit create us stable income. agricultural activities of people. - The commune highly supports the - Women desire the project‘s project road. When this project is put loans to develop small business into operation, it will contribute to to restore their living standard improve the local transport system and after the land acquisition. create convenient travel and trading in - Women want the project‘s Nghia Dan the area. 14 support of initial loans as well as commune, Kim - When the project comes near canals, it farming technical support so that Dong district, Hung will cause sedimentation in canals; after they loss land they can Yen province therefore after finishing the construction, ensure income and stabilize their the project should dredge canals if there lives. is sedimentation. - We look the project‘s support - We look for the project‘s technical for the establishment of rattan 276 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion support for livestock and cultivation, production groups and livestock plant and animal breeders and so that groups (breeding farms) and affected people can breed livestock and linking with the project units cultivate to create income and stabilize which purchase products made their life in the shortest time. by these groups to create a stable income for them. Toan Thang The project only affects land and assets commune, Kim of the HT Industry - Agriculture 15 Dong district, Hung Techniques Co. Ltd. We worked with Yen province the company representative. II 4 bridges on Highway 38B - Local authorities and households are very excited when there is Trang Thua bridge construction project. Since we heard that the bridge will be built for long time but we do not see anything. We suggest the project to be quickly to facilitate the traffic; the project's impact due to the construction of the bridge is Doan Thuong negligible. commune, Gia Loc 16 - We found that if building Trang Thua district, Hai Duong bridge as in the drawing, the commune province health station does not promote its work, restricting movement and emergency care for people's health. We suggest the project build frontage road or fund for building new health station. - We are mainly cut land for building frontage road, we request fair compensation and that‘s all. Dong Quan commune, Gia Loc 17 district, Hai Duong province Thanh Mien town, 18 Thanh Mien district, Hai Duong province - The locals highly agree with the The woman group suggests project implementation to get a road some ideas for the income class III through, which will contribute rehabilitation of affected to the regional socio-economic households as follows: development; at the same time, - Unify the project Tu Cuong commune, expanding road will limit traffic implementation. 19 Thanh Mien district, accidents on the road section passing our Hai Duong province commune. - We look forward to the project‘s support of low-interest - The project mainly passes rice field so loans and the payment period when the project implement, it will should be 3 - 5 years to scale our acquire production land of people. The production, sales, trading; the loss of productive land will affect loan should be more than 100 people‘s lives, so we look forward to the million VND. 277 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion project‘s capital support to convert rice - We desire the project‘s low- to livestock breeding (pigs, chickens, interest loans for our children to cows, etc.) and aquaculture and we also go to school. want the project‘s technical support in the animal husbandry. - We looking for the project‘s capital loans to expand our - We request the project to compensate aquaculture (freshwater fish), based on the State compensation rates fruit tree growing (longan, fairly and equitably. pomelo ...). - Some households whose land is - We looking for the project‘s affected by the project are old and garment training for our children unable to change career, they want the to work in some garment project‘s support of an amount of cash to companies located in the area. cover cost during the first stage after they loss land. - The project, after acquiring land, should implement quickly to minimize wasting social assets (people have no land for production; the project acquires land but does not works). We highly support the construction of the bridges and the road section because the road is severely degraded and affects the movement of people, especially in the last Lunar New Year. We suggest the project‘s priority for building four bridges on Highway 38B, which is the pressing and urgent problem of our people. We suggest the project - We earnestly recommend the compensate acquired land before construction party to survey and construction of bridges and road; the compensate before their compensation and support must be commencement of works, adequate. especially when our business is - We are most concerned about the affected. Cao Thang purpose and significance of the project, - We recommend the commune, Thanh having a nice road, convenient and safe 20 compensation for affected Mien district, Hai for traffic. business in the construction Duong province - Our house is in good condition. Since stage because most of us are the construction, the Contractor cracked living and doing business both our walls, how to treat for our house? side of the road. Prior to the construction, the Contractor - The information about the should record the current status of our project should be announced households. through our village heads, which - The commune built Highway 38B but is the best and fastest way. some issues we have not understand are that all households were granted with land use right certificates but when the project implemented the compensation, they divided households by 02 period of land use right certification and compensates for two different prices. - We have not seen any meetings that 278 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion are organized thoroughly and reasonably with careful prepared documents like this meeting. We are ready to sacrifice our benefits for the project. - The locals highly agree with the project implementation to get a road class III through; people are very excited, which will contribute to the regional socio-economic development. - The project builds Cau Trang bridge on the existing bridge in the commune. The - Local people are excited about bridge is 400m long, so the project will the project implementation for a acquire land of some residents living wide, smooth bridge. near the existing bridge; accompanied is the impact of loss of productive land as - The affected group of women well as loss of houses in the area, so we desires the project‘s loans to look forward to the fair compensation so expand business (trading at the that we can buy back a same land or can market); the level of support rebuild house with an equal area. should be about 50 million VND. - The project should let people know how the design for the new bridges is - We look forward the project‘s different from the old bridges and how loan support with low interest high the new bridges compare with the and the interest payment period old bridges, so people can plan for is about 03 years to expand our building houses accordingly with the production facilities (garment bridge elevation and avoid flooding facilities, mechanical Quang Hung when heavy rains occur because houses processing), business (trading commune, Phu Cu are lower than bridges. Besides, we appliances); the lending support 21 is less than 200 million VND. district, Hung Yen require the project to build drainage province system along the bridges to avoid - As a single, aged, ill woman, I flooding houses when it rains. desire the project‘s support of an - We request the project to study the amount of cost, so that we can compensation plan so that we have cover cost and stabilize our lives adequate and fair compensation rates to when being affected by the avoid inhibition and lead to delays of the project. site clearance. - The households affected by the project largely live on business, - The bridge project is located between trade. When the project starts, it 02 provinces of Hung Yen and Hai will limit our business and Duong, so if the compensation unit reduce our income, so we can prices between 02 provinces differ? not pay the bank interest rate - After the project acquires land, if the (loans for business) as well as remaining area is too small, please ensure a stable life; we expect a acquire all land because the remaining project‘s funding so that they area is too small for the production. can pay the interest rate during the construction project. - Whether the construction of the project while rolling and compacting road affects the citizens along the road or not (shaking houses, cracking houses of people)? - Now our family is managing a garment business, the project‘s land acquisition 279 No. District/commune People’s feedback Focus group discussion affects our business operations, so I want the project‘s lending support to rebuild and expand our business scale. - In the region, where the project is built, people mainly do business, so we want that these households are reduced business taxes and are supported paying bank interest costs for those who borrow loans for business during the construction progress because in this time the trade or business is restricted. In the construction process, the construction period is longer than the time the Contractor announces and affects our business, so can we get support? - In the commune, there is a village which produces construction materials (bricks, tiles) so that when the project implements, people in the region will lose income, so we look for the project‘s capital support to develop this trade village. The group of women highly supports the project. - We are very excited to hear that the - The project affected project restarts. It is recommended that households largely live on the project starts as quickly as possible. business, trade. When the The project must compensate us before project construction starts, it building bridges and road. will limit the business and - Before the road construction, the reduce our income, so we can project is recommended to inspect our not afford to pay the bank houses and after the construction if our interest rates (because of walls are cracked the project must borrowing for business) so we compensate. expect the project will support Doan Dao commune, us a funding so that they can pay 22 Phu Cu district, - The majority of us do business. If the interest rate during the Hung Yen province slowing like many projects shown on project construction. TV, people will suffer much and it affects our business and is there any - Desire the project support low- compensation? interest loans so that we can rent nearby premises and continued - The project should do correctly and business. saying must become reality, some households comply, some do not but in - Desire the project to support the end, it‘s the same. loans for rebuilding production facilities and expanding - We recommend the compensation for production scale. business impact due to business interruption. - Hope the project lending loans to support our children to school. 280 Table 4.18: Preferences of the households to the income restoration activities (Section Quan Goi – Yen Lenh) HH Agricultural Vocational Self- No answers District/ Affected activities Training employment given # gave Commune households answers HH % HH % HH % HH % I My Hao 10 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1.1 Minh Duc 10 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% II Binh Giang 208 107 47 43.9% - 0.0% 31 29.0% 29 27.1% 2.1 Hung Thinh 27 19 11 57.9% - 0.0% 6 31.6% 2 10.5% 2.2 Vinh Tuy 63 17 6 35.3% - 0.0% 8 47.1% 3 17.6% 2.3 Vinh Hong 12 8 8 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2.4 Trang Liet 33 30 16 53.3% - 0.0% 4 13.3% 10 33.3% 2.5 Thuc Khang 73 33 6 18.2% - 0.0% 13 39.4% 14 42.4% III An Thi 451 71 42 59.2% 2 2.8% 13 18.3% 14 19.7% 3.1 Phu Ung 43 6 4 66.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% 2 33.3% 3.2 Bai Say 184 1 - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 100.0% - 0.0% 3.3 Tan Phuc 26 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3.4 Quang Vinh 78 34 23 67.6% 2 5.9% 5 14.7% 4 11.8% 3.5 An Thi town 34 22 13 59.1% - 0.0% 4 18.2% 5 22.7% 3.6 Quang Lang 86 8 2 25.0% - 0.0% 3 37.5% 3 37.5% IV Kim Dong 80 59 47 79.7% 5 8.5% 3 5.1% 4 6.8% 4.1 Nghia Dan 80 59 47 79.7% 5 8.5% 3 5.1% 4 6.8% Total 749 237 136 57.4% 7 3.0% 47 19.8% 47 19.8% Table 4.19: Preferences of the households to the income restoration activities (Section 4 bridges on NH 38B) HH Agricultural Vocational Self- No answers District/ Affected activities Training employment given # gave Commune households answers HH % HH % HH % HH % I Gia Loc 20 5 - 0.0% 1 20.0% 3 60.0% 1 20.0% 1.1 Doan Thuong 13 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 1.2 Dong Quang 7 5 - 0.0% 1 20.0% 3 60.0% 1 20.0% II Thanh Mien 140 53 3 5.7% 13 24.5% 12 22.6% 25 47.2% 281 HH Agricultural Vocational Self- No answers District/ Affected activities Training employment given # gave Commune households answers HH % HH % HH % HH % Thanh Mien 2.1 41 19 3 15.8% 1 5.3% 2 10.5% 13 68.4% town 2.2 Tu Cuong 61 34 - 0.0% 12 35.3% 10 29.4% 12 35.3% 2.3 Cao Thang 38 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% III Phu Cu 63 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3.1 Quang Hung 39 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3.2 Doan Dao 24 - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% Total 223 58 3 5.2% 14 24.1% 15 25.9% 26 44.8% 282 Figure 7: Some photos about public consultation and participation 283 Annex 5: DETAILED IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON EIA AND EMP EMP NH39-1 1.1. Impacts on Environmental and Social The Project is expected to improve the quality of traffic network along the NH.39, especially is Trieu Duong – Hung Ha section. The upgrade and expention of this road will contribute to develop the socio-economic and brings a positive effect on the environment and society in the region. The Environmental Impact Assessment Report identified two main issues on environmental and social á follow:  Resettlement impacts: Project will acquire land along the road side: Residential land of the people are used to build houses, garden land, pond ... to implemente the project construction items. Currently, PMU3 is conducting prepare draft of RP report for all of VRAMP project, including component to improve the NH39-1. This RP is established base on Vietnamese regulations and accordance with involuntary resettlement policies of the World Bank (OP 4.12). The RP will include the programs to relocate house, land, tombs and other structures of the community. In initial survey, the detail quantities of clearance of the project are presented in the following table: Table 5. 1: Clearance Quantities No. Items Unit Quantities I Alignment 1 Temporary house Houses/m2 76/760 2 2 Roof house Houses/m 132/2,640 2 3 House with 1 storey Houses/m 78/2,340 2 4 House with 2 storey Houses/m 23/690 2 5 House with 3 storey Houses/m 7/210 2 6 Concrete yard m 9,985.33 7 Garden m2 16,277.63 2 8 Pond m 15,091.02 2 9 Fields m 79,341.36 2 10 Irrigation land m 46,151.25 2 11 Land (pavement, vacant land) m 79,734.33 2 12 Residential land m 10,621.48 II Bridge 1 Nai bridge Houses/m2 22/10,304.94 2 2 Dong Tu bridge Houses/m 6/9,599.17  Environmental Impacts: building the road in urban and residential areas, and along heavily cultivate lands will require careful planning and management of impacts form construction. Potential impacts include: pollution of irrigation canals and cultivated lands; increased dust, noise and other nuisances on rural communities; increased traffic on local roads; construction 284 work on and near canals and streams; the presence of a large workforce in and near rural communities; disposal of construction wastes. Some impacts during operation stage of the road such as noises, inceased traffic, etc. is considered negligible. Therefore, environmental management in the construction phase is the main content of environmental management in this report. Table 5.2 below mention the potential impact on environmental and society in the construction process of project: Table 5. 2: The potential impact on environmental and society of project Activity Potential Impacts Land clearance - Soil erosion and visual impact; and resettlement - Loss areas of productive plots /trees;. - Loss of habitat for animals. - Discharge of sediments into watercourses, rice paddies, drainages, and irrigation canals and fields affect the environment and farming activities of the people. - The impact to the business activities of some of households living along the road. - The impact to the architectural and cultural works. Site Installation - Contamination of land, surface water and groundwater caused by spillage and leakage from storage of hazardous materials including petroleum products, chemicals, hazardous substances or hazardous wastes. - Water courses, rice paddies, and agricultural land can be easily contaminated with wastewater and solid wastes. - Increased demand for infrastructure and utilities; - Tensions between outside workers and local communities; - Social evils like (theft, drugs, alcohol); Worker focus, - Unemployment of local labor Construction - Disruption to livelihoods, cultural activities, and wellbeing of locals Workforce, - Competition for employment with locals. Worker‘s Camp - Increase a considerable number of waste water and waste - Stockpiling of waste and illegal dumping Dust and air Sources or air pollution during construction that can be a nuisance and pollution cause health problems are: - Fugitive dust emissions due to exposure of slope surface, uncovered stockpiling area, earth moving and excavation activities; - Dust emission due to blasting; - Wind blow during transportation of material by vehicles and when transporting on unpaved access roads; - Gases emissions from batching plants and concrete mixing stations; - Gases emissions during payment of road surface by asphalt plant; and - Air pollutant emissions from exhaust of construction plant and vehicles. 285 Activity Potential Impacts Noise and Disturbances to livelihoods and damage to structures can be cause by: Vibration - Operation of the various equipment during construction (air compressor, concrete mixers, powered mechanical equipment, bulldozers, excavators, etc); - Vehicles transporting materials within construction site and beyond the construction boundary; - Piling activities during construction of foundations / piers; - Blasting; Earthworks, Fill - Loss of topsoil affecting productive land. Slopes, Cuts, - Land instability from incorrect earth removal or unstable deposition of Borrow Pits, spoil, leading to landslides or erosion events. Disposal sites, - Discharge of sediments into watercourses, rice paddies, drainages, and Stockpiles irrigation canals. - Erosion of riverbanks, slopes, and productive land - Noise and vibration - Dust emissions affecting health. - Disturbances or damage to physical cultural resources. - Damage to agricultural land and native vegetation - Visual Impacts Disposal of - Destruction of the local vegetation, contamination of lakes and swamps construction and impact on the land by waste. waste - Causing the risk of losing safety to workers and local people Wastewater Pollution of watercourses, groundwater, natural habitats and productive land caused by : - Wastewater from bored piling locations. Re-suspension of bottom sediment and mud caused by cut-trench river crossings and construction of bridge foundation within rivers; - Soil erosion / flush away from uncovered stockpiling locations, uncovered excavation site and unprotected slope surface during adverse weather conditions; - Uncontrolled surface water run-off carrying sediment laden discharges directly into natural water bodies such as streams, fish ponds, rivers and local irrigation channels; - Domestic sewage generated by construction workers, such as kitchen, shower, campsite, etc. Solid Waste, Damage to local forest areas, pollution of drainage watercourses and Hazardous and natural habitats, and impact on agricultural land caused by: Chemical Waste - Surplus excavated materials requiring disposal due to earth moving activities and slope cutting; - Disposal of used wooden boards for trenching works, scaffolding steel material, site hoarding, packaging materials, containers of fuel, lubricant and paint; - Waste generated by demolition of existing houses / buildings affected 286 Activity Potential Impacts by the project or breaking of existing concrete surface; - Domestic solid waste generated by construction workers, construction campsite, kitchen, toiletries, - Improper disposition of hazardous wastes such as waste oil, spent lubricant, and contaminated materials resulting from leakage of oil and fuel. - Improper handling and storage of hazardous and chemical substances and construction materials Work in - Discharges of sediment into water courses affecting in-stream habitat. Watercourses - Changes in habitat as a result of modifications to river bed and banks. - Erosion of river banks - Introduction of invasive species. - Changing water course paths blocking fish passage and affecting in- stream habitat. - Discharges of oil and fuel to water courses affecting water quality. Fauna and Flora - Destruction of native vegetation and land outside the construction area; - Destruction of aquatic life - Lack of re-construction of lost habitats and re-creation of diverse ecosystems.. Construction Site - Risk of falling objects and unstable working platforms; Safety - Risk associated with blasting and fire; - Risk associated with equipment and traffic movements, on and off the construction sites. - Impacting traffic safety and access. - Impacting pedestrian safety. Community Lack of communication and consultation with local communities can lead Relations to an opposition to a road project, delays in the construction process, increased costs and unsatisfactory solutions. Health Issues - Spread of disease due to poor housekeeping and accumulation of domestic waste within the construction site; - Stagnant water may result in mosquitoes breeding; - Unsafe sex conduct could bring the HIV/AID risk to the local communities; - Illnesses brought by outside construction workers; 1.2. Mitigation Measures The project has implemented a four -fold approach to minimize environmental and social impacts:  Avoidance: Alternative analysis has been regarded as one of the most important mitigation measures to minimize potential adverse environmental and social impact. Minimizing land acquisition and resettlement to the extent possible has also been a key criterion for alignment selection during the feasibility and EA studies  Sound Engineering for design and construction: The project has been designed and will be 287 implemented with state-of-the art engineering  Comprehensive Mitigation plans: detailed environmental mitigation plan  Compliance framework: strict supervision and monitoring on implementation of mitigation measures during construction. A detailed assessment of mitigation measures was carried out along the alignment of the road. These measures were either: (i) incorporated in project design and hence already included in the bill of quantities; or (ii) included in the environmental specifications for contractors. In addition, site specific measures were identified for all sensitive areas along the road. The types of measures include: special culverts for irrigation canal crossings, lining of canals during construction, special crossings for community connectivity, pedestrian crossings (flyovers), relocation of pumping stations for irrigation, shifting of irrigation canals. Table 5.3 summarizes the sensitive areas and activities and the mitigation measures during the pre- construction and construction stages for specific sections of the Road. These measures have been incorporated in the environmental specifications for contractors and will be supervised by environmental supervision teams as part of the technical supervision of construction. Table 5. 3: Site Specific Mitigation Measures along the NH.39-1 KM Location Sensitive Area or Activity Mitigation Measures 43+885 – Tan Le commune, 46+100 Hung Nhan Town 46+100 – Hung Nhan town 47+700 47+700 – Hung Nhan town, 50+080 Lien Hiep commune 50+080 – Lien Hiep commune 52+400 Lien Hiep commune, 52+400 – Phúc Khanh commune, 55+060 Thai Phuong commune 55+060 – Thai Phuong commune, 55+980 Hung Ha town 55+980 – Hung Ha town, 59+400 Minh Khai commune 59+400 – Minh Khai commune, 61+280 Hong Linh commune 61+208 – Hong Linh commune, 64+000 Minh Tan commune The following images describe the noise resptors that need some type of mitigation measure during the initial construction of the road. These mitigation measures need to be defined and detailed during the detailed design stage in consultation with the affected people. 288 2. COMPLIANCE FRAMWORK ON ENVIRONMENTAL 2.1. Minimum Environmental and Social Standards The contractor must comply with the minimum environmental and social standards presented in the following table. The methods and procedures detailed in the EMP Implementation Plan presented by the contractor must be sufficient to meet these minimum standards. Table 5. 4: Minimum Environmental and Social Standards for the Construction of the Road, Worker’s Camp Key Principle / Minimum Mitigation Source / Impacts Mitigation Standard Method Wastewater discharges Wastewater to be treated Sewerage disposal methods affecting water quality prior to discharge. should be designed to the standards outlined by the Vietnamese government Solid waste polluting the No waste to be burnt or All solid wastes shall be environment and causing buried on site. removed from site and health hazards disposed of at a municipal landfill. Camps using local services Refer to the village Refer to the villager impacts and resources, at the expense impacts table below. table below. of villagers. Workers intruding on village Refer to the village Refer to the villager impacts life and disrespecting impacts table below. table below. traditional cultural values. Table 5. 5: General construction issues Key Principle / Minimum Mitigation Method Source / Impacts Mitigation Standard Noise of Noise must not  Machinery operation to occur only machinery unreasonably intrude on during designated hours (to be associated with traditional village life. confirmed by contractor in agreement construction with villagers). activities  Work to be carried out in daylight, in typical working hours.  The noisy equipment to be located as far as practical from villages.  Use of complaints register and procedures to address issues as they arise. Dust generation Dust must not cause a  Dusty operations to occur only during from construction hazard or nuisance to designated hours (to be confirmed by activities village life. contractor in agreement with villagers).  Construction of the day, during certain 289 Key Principle / Minimum Mitigation Method Source / Impacts Mitigation Standard hours.Use of complaints register and procedures to address issues as they arise Vibration Vibration must not  This machinery operation to occur only disturbance from unreasonably intrude on during designated hours (to be construction traditional village life. confirmed by contractor in agreement activities with villages).  Use of complaints register and procedures to address issues as they arise. Increased There should be no  Road upgrades, including signage, speed utilization of roads significant increased risk humps, regrading. by traffic to local populations from  Training of vehicle drivers regarding the associated with traffic associated with the driving risks through villages and along construction development. remote roads. activities  Use of complaints register and procedures to address issues as they arise. Pollution risk Develop appropriate  Keep a current list of all potentially activities occurring storage, transport and use contaminating materials used on site. on site practises for storage and  Develop and implement appropriate handling of mixed storage, transport and use practises to classes of dangerous recognised standards. goods in packages and  Solid waste disposal shall be taken off intermediate bulk site. containers. There shall be no solid or liquid waste disposal directly or indirectly to any water course (whether flowing or not). Monitoring Monitoring shall be  A complaints record shall be kept of all undertaken to ensure issues raised by villagers in response to villager‘s concerns are construction activities. The record shall recorded and addressed. include responses by the contractor. 290 Table 5. 6: Soil / Overburden Removal and Placement, Alluvial mining Key Principle / Minimum Mitigation Method Source / Impacts Mitigation Standard Generation of Development activities  No direct discharge of sediment laden suspended solids should not give rise to water without treatment. from bare ground storm water containing  Earthworks and land clearance should be and runoff into elevated suspended minimised and phased. watercourses solids.  Storm water should be diverted around Provide treatment to exposed areas. achieve 75% reduction in suspended solids. Disturbance of Soils should be reused  Stockpile and reuse soils before natural habitats for where possible in the excavating new soils / alluvium. spoil / alluvial development – to reduce material. the need for spoil sites and the need to import fill. Efficiency of Control measures should  Earthworks control measures should be control measures continue to work inspected and maintained in efficient over time appropriately throughout operating condition over the the construction period. construction period. Table 5. 1: Issues related storage of materials, fuel Source / Key Principle / Minimum Mitigation Method Impacts Mitigation Standard Pollution risk No oil, lubricants, fuels  Keep a current list of all fuels stored on site. associated or containers should be  Keep the Safety Data Sheet of all hazardous with the drained or dumped to materials used on site. storage and ground or waterways.  Develop appropriate storage, transport and use use of fuels practises to recognised standards. for all plant, Accidental spills shall  Diesel to be stored in truck tankers or in generators be minimised, and overhead tanks to a maximum of 5000 litres. and vehicles procedures put in place  Diesel to be stored on flat ground, and 100m to clean up the from a waterway. environmental damage.  Dikes to capture 100% of fuel must be placed around fuel storage areas.  All refuelling of vehicles and plant to be done on flat ground.  All significant vehicle and plant maintenance shall be undertaken offsite where possible.  Spill kits and emergency procedures should be used and staff trained. 291 Source / Key Principle / Minimum Mitigation Method Impacts Mitigation Standard  There shall be no deliberate discharge of oil, diesel, petrol or other hazardous materials to the surrounding soils and waterways. Runoff of Stockpiling activities  No direct discharge of sediment laden water suspended should not give rise to without treatment. sediments storm water containing  Stockpiles should be compacted as much as from elevated suspended practical and not be exposed for extended stockpiles solids. periods. Provide treatment to  Storm water should be diverted around achieve 75% reduction stockpiles. in suspended solids. Dust Dust must not cause a  Stockpiles should be compacted as much as generation hazard or nuisance to practical not be exposed for extended periods. from village life.  Stockpiles should be reused as soon as stockpiles practicable. Table 5. 2: Issues related Concrete Manufacture Source / Key Principle / Minimum Mitigation Method Impacts Mitigation Standard Contaminants No direct discharges of  Settlement ponds and / or sediment in water concrete batching water infiltration gallery. discharged to any water course.  Water to be reused where possible in the from concrete process. manufacturing, Provide treatment prior including a rise  Procedures for handling of un-hydrated to discharge to achieve in pH. cement material and wet cement to avoid 75% reduction in suspended solids. spills. Community Noise and dust must not  Concrete batching plants and other noisy / nuisances. unreasonably intrude on dusty equipment to be located as far as traditional village life. practical from villages. Table 5. 3: Issues related Works in and near rivers Key Principle / Minimum Mitigation Method Source / Impacts Mitigation Standard Sediment discharges Work in the wetted  Stabilize works at the end of each working arising from working area of the riverbed day and prior to storm events. in and near the river. should be minimised,  Do the work during low flow periods. For blasting in or and only in relation to  Culverts shall be placed in access tracks near the river, refer the construction of where they cross streams more than 3 292 to the blasting the power house, weir metres wide and 0.5m deep. issues, above. and intake structure or to insert culverts for stream crossings. Table 5. 4: Impacts on local communities Key Principle / Mitigation Minimum Mitigation Method Source / Impacts Standard Deterioration of Villagers have the ability to  Set up a communication network for current quality of communicate issues to discussing issues between life and traditional ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICER livelihoods OFFICER (UNDER PMU3), (UNDER PMU3), SES, Contractors SES and contractors. and the villagers.  ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICER Villagers have the (UNDER PMU3) to manage a expectation that issues will grievance mechanism, and have staff be addressed and resolved by on site at all times to manage negotiation. grievances.  Developing village protocol that Villagers are not could serve as a guideline for outside disadvantaged by the influx workers. of temporary workers.  Education and orientation of outside workers to local culture and social norms before the start of work.  Camps to be secure and discourage visitors and workers leaving the camp.  Camps to be self sufficient in resources and services. (refer to the workers camp table below) Health and safety Health and safety risks to  Refer to the sections above risks from such villagers are minimised. discussing impacts from traffic activities as hazards and blasting hazards. increased traffic, Villagers shall be adequately blasting, heavy informed of all potential machinery hazards to health and safety. operating Villagers have the expectation that issues will be addressed and resolved by negotiation. 293 Key Principle / Mitigation Minimum Mitigation Method Source / Impacts Standard Nuisance issues Nuisances shall be  Refer to the sections above such as noise, dust minimised. discussing nuisance effects. and vibration Villagers have the expectation that issues will be addressed and resolved by negotiation. Traffic causing Construction traffic will be  Signage to be used to identify safety risks to road managed to minimise the current risks to road users. users impact on existing road  ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICER users. (UNDER PMU3) and Contractors to discuss major traffic issues with village representatives prior to the event to discuss course of action.  Heavy traffic to avoid the hours when school children walk to and from school. Sediment affecting Sediment discharges to the  Refer to the sections above river water uses. river shall be minimised. discussing erosion and sediment control. 294 EMP CAP BRIDGE 2.2. Impacts on Environmental and Social 2.2.1. Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement: Currently, PMU3 is conducting prepare draft of RP report for all of VRAMP project, including component to improve the bridges on NH 38B. This RP is established base on Vietnamese regulations and accordance with involuntary resettlement policies of the World Bank (OP 4.12). The RP will include the programs to relocate house, land, tombs and other structures of the community. In initial survey, the quantities of agriculture land acquisition are 5,572 square meters. 2.2.2. Environmental Impacts The tables 5.11 and 5..12 below mention the potential impact on environmental and society in the construction process of project: Table 5. 5: The summary of impacts on environmental due to wastes No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Air pollution location: Around the project area and approach roads, NH 38B and local roads connecting the NH 38B with borrow 1 pits and material storage. Objects: The households (5 -6 households) are near the construction site. Water pollution Location: Impact on fauna Bridge construction site 2 and flora of the Objects: river Nghia Tru river near the construction site. Impact on Location: environmental Bridge construction site 3 and landscape Objects : Landscape Obstructing the Nghia Tru river at bridge construction site. 4 river flow Groundwater Location: pollution Area near the abutments of bridge 5 Objects: Populations area near the construction site 295 Table 5. 6: The summary of other impacts of project No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note - Sedimentation Location: Medium of river flow, damage - Approach road area and the abutment; impacts to irrigation works - NH 38B - Impact on - Construction site socio-economic Object: 1 activities; - Surface-water near the construction site - Impact on - Nghia Tru river near the bridge location traffic and irrigation canal; - Pollution of - Residential area along the aproach surface water road. Noise and vibration Location: Medium pollutions Around the construction site and along the impacts approach roads 2 Object: Residents near the site leveling and households living along the approach road construction site Safety and traffic Location: Medium congestion NH 38B, Approach road area and along the impacts transport road; 3 Object: Traffic Residents along the roadsides Damage to public Location: Medium facilities NH38B and local road connecting to NH 38B impacts 4 Object: Local people Impact on social life Location: Localities in project area 5 Object: Local people Impact on hydrology Location: Medium and river flow Abutment areas impacts 6 Object: Cuu An river Impacts due to Location: Small impacts 7 material exploitation Borrow pits area and transported material road Object: 296 No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Residents and other objects near the borrow pits area and transported material road 2.3. Mitigation Measures 2.3.1. Mitigation Measures for Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement The project has proposed the measures to mitigate the social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement including:  The Project will provide compensation for various types of land, structure, and livelihood losses for different categories of displaced persons (owners, leaseholders, renters, land users without legal rights to land, workers, manufacturing/commercial firms, and workers);  The Project is preparing the income restoration program to provide for affected peoples. The singular objective of the income restoration program is to help the severely affected and vulnerable households rebuild their sources of livelihood and thus regain, if not improve, their pre-project standards of living;  The Project has changed alignment of some sections that go through the residential area to mitigate social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement. 2.3.2. Mitigation Measures for Environmental Impacts The table 5.13 bellow present specific areas that can be affected by potential environmental impacts and the mitigation measures, the notification issues when implement the project: Table 5. 7: Site Specific Mitigation Measures of the project No Impacts/Activity Mitigation measures Location Note . Measures to mitigate the impacts due to wastes Management and - Conduct the classification and Construction treatment of solid treatment; sites wastes - Re-use to build the construction road; - Collect and choise temporary storage - Moving the local landfill Treatment of - Management wastes oils; Construction hazardous waste -Control oil-containing wastes from sites (waste oil) construction activities: Do not discharge directly into the environment, collecting the waste oil into the drum container for disposal. - Air - Water spray All of pollution due to - Cover material/ soil disposal when project; dust generated transported; Construction 297 from construction - The vehicles only move in site gate area (including construction area; excavation, - Use covered vehicles to material transporting; storage): - Control and manage environmental - Air at location that vehicles go through; pollution due to - Temporary dump is located far dust arising from from objects as schools, markets; transport -Monitoring the dust pollution activities; Measures to mitigate the other impacts Minimize impacts - Quickly construction and Location of erosion, compaction; construct sediment and soil - Colecting and transporting the soil road-bed of drifting disposal to the backfill area; approach - Create the dump reasonable; road - Setup the mudguards fences; - Clean up spilled lands; - Limit the leveling area; -Make manholds. Minimize impacts - Comply with the generalAlong the due to noise regulations; construction pollution - Control the noise level: priority area of using machineries that have low of approach source noise level; road, -Monitoring the noise level especially with area focusing the population Minimize impacts - Comply with the general Approach due to traffic regulations; road congestion - Setup the signal boads; -Guiding traffic. Minimize impacts - B To arrange reasonable shipping NH 38B and due to damage to time: do not transport materials during local roads public facilities the period 6 – 8 hours and 18 – 16 hours; - Moving with righ speed; - Agree with local authoritie about the temporary using of local road. Minimize impact by - Management of workers: To Construction focusing workers register temporary living for workers, site construction workers education; - Coordinate with local authorities in promoting to worrkers understanding of 298 the social evils, prostitution, disease, HIV etc. - Use of local labor for simple work. Minimize impacts - Treated wastes when construct the Cuu An river on hydrology and sub-structure of bridge; river flow - Cleanup the river-bed after construction; - Cleanup and stabilize the river banks after construction 299 EMP CONG NEO BRIDGE 2.4. Impacts on Environmental and Social 2.4.1. Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement: Project will acquire about 3.03 ha of land areas, in which there are about 450 square meters of residential land, the remain areas area agriculture land and ponds etc. to implement the project construction items. Currently, PMU3 is conducting prepare draft of RP report for all of VRAMP project, including component to improve the bridges on NH 38B. This RP is established base on Vietnamese regulations and accordance with involuntary resettlement policies of the World Bank (OP 4.12). The RP will include the programs to relocate house, land, tombs and other structures of the community. 2.4.2. Environmental Impacts The tables 5.14and 5.15 below mention the potential impact on environmental and society in the construction process of project: Table 5. 8: The summary of impacts on environmental due to wastes No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Air pollution location: Along the project alignment where excavated location; site construction area; along the road to 1 transport materials (NH 38B and local road) Objects: Residents at Km2+120 Water pollution Location: Impact on fauna Bridge construction site 2 and flora of the Objects: river Cuu An river, sediment and aqua-system that are near the bridge construction site. 3 Soil pollution Rice fields along the approach roads Groundwater Abutment area 4 pollution Table 5. 9: The summary of other impacts of project No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note - Impact on people Location: live and livelihood - Approach road area and the abutment; 1 Object: - Affected households will be relocated and loss agriculture lands 300 No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Siltation of river flows, Location: damage irrigation canals Approach road area and the abutment; Affect to socio-economic NH38B, along the construction areas; 2 activities; Object: Impact on traffic Surface water source near the construction site Pollution of surface water Cuu An river, irrigation canals, ponds Residential areas along the approach road Noise and vibration Location: pollutions Around the construction site, along the approach roads 3 Object: Residential areas at Km2+120, and authorities office as Tu Cuong PC and Tu Cuong medical centre Safety and traffic Location: congestion Approach road area, and along the transport road; 4 Object: Traffic on existing roads Residents near the interchange area Damage to public Location: facilities Along the transport road; local roads 5 Object: Local people Impact on social life Location: Localities in project area 6 Object: Local people Impact on hydrology and Location: river flow Abutment areas 7 Object: Cuu An river Impacts due to material Location: exploitation Borrow pits area and transported material road 8 Object: Residents and other objects near the borrow pits area and transported material road 2.5. Mitigation Measures 2.5.1. Mitigation Measures for Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement The project has proposed the measures to mitigate the social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement including:  The Project will provide compensation for various types of land, structure, and livelihood 301 losses for different categories of displaced persons (owners, leaseholders, renters, land users without legal rights to land, workers, manufacturing/commercial firms, and workers);  The Project is preparing the income restoration program to provide for affected peoples. The singular objective of the income restoration program is to help the severely affected and vulnerable households rebuild their sources of livelihood and thus regain, if not improve, their pre-project standards of living;  The Project has changed alignment of some sections that go through the residential area to mitigate social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement. 2.5.2. Mitigation Measures for Environmental Impacts The table 5.16 bellow present specific areas that can be affected by potential environmental impacts and the mitigation measures, the notification issues when implement the project: Table 5. 10: Site Specific Mitigation Measures of the project No. Impacts/Activity Mitigation measures Location Note Measures to mitigate the impacts due to wastes Management and - Conduct the classification and Construction treatment of solid treatment; sites wastes - Re-use to build the construction road; - Collect and choise temporary storage - Moving the local landfill Treatment of - Management wastes oils; Construction hazardous waste -Control oil-containing wastes from sites (waste oil) construction activities: Do not discharge directly into the environment, collecting the waste oil into the drum container for disposal. - Air - Water spray All of project pollution due to - Cover material/ soil disposal when Construction dust generated transported; site gate from construction - The vehicle only move in (including construction area; excavation, - Use covered vehicles to material transporting; storage): - Control and manage environmental - Air at location that vehicles go through; pollution due to - Temporary dump is located far dust arising from from objects as schools, markets; transport -Mitigate the dust pollution activities; Measures to mitigate the other impacts 302 No. Impacts/Activity Mitigation measures Location Note Minimize impacts - Quickly construction and Location of erosion, compaction; construct road- sediment and soil - Colecting and transporting the soil bed of approach drifting disposal to the backfill area; road - Create the dump reasonable; - Setup the mudguards fences; - Clean up spilled lands; - Limit the leveling area; -Make manholds. Minimize impacts - Comply with the general Along the due to noise regulations; construction pollution - Control the noise level: priority area of approach using machineries that have low of road, especially source noise level; with area -Monitoring the noise level focusing the population Minimize impacts - Comply with the general Approach road due to traffic regulations; congestion - Setup the signal boads; -Guiding traffic. Minimize impacts - B To arrange reasonable shipping NH 38B and due to damage to time: do not transport materials during local roads public facilities the period 6 – 8 hours and 18 – 16 hours; - Moving with righ speed; - Agree with local authorities about the temporary using of local road. Minimize impact by - Management of workers: To Construction focusing workers register temporary living for workers, site construction workers education; - Coordinate with local authorities in promoting to worrkers understanding of the social evils, prostitution, disease, HIV etc. - Use of local labor for simple work. Minimize impacts - Treated wastes when construct the Cuu An river on hydrology and sub-structure of bridge; river flow - Cleanup the river-bed after construction; - Cleanup and stabilize the river banks after construction 303 304 EMP TRANG BRIDGE 2.6. Impacts on Environmental and Social 2.6.1. Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement: Project will acquire residential lands of the people are used to build houses, garden land, and pond ... to implement the project construction items. Currently, PMU3 is conducting prepare draft of RP report for all of VRAMP project, including component to improve the bridges on NH 38B. This RP is established base on Vietnamese regulations and accordance with involuntary resettlement policies of the World Bank (OP 4.12). The RP will include the programs to relocate house, land, tombs and other structures of the community. In initial survey, the detail quantities of clearance of the project are presented in the following table: Table 5. 11: Clearance Quantities No. Items Unit Quantities 1 Agriculture land m2 6,677.37 2 Residential land m2 28.80 3 House class 4 m2 18.00 4 Electricity pole Pole 2.00 2.6.2. Environmental Impacts The tables 5.18 and 5.19 below mention the potential impact on environmental and society in the construction process of project: Table 5. 12: The summary of impacts on environmental due to wastes No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Air pollution location: Along the project alignment where excavated location; site construction area; along the road to 1 transport materials (NH 38B and local road) Objects: The households are near the construction site in Hai Duong province. Water pollution Location: Impact on fauna Bridge construction site 2 and flora of the Objects: river Cuu An river, sediment and aqua-system that are near the bridge construction site. 305 No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Impact on Location: environmental Bridge construction site 3 and landscape Objects : Landscape Obstructing the Cuu An river, bridge construction site. 4 river flow Groundwater Location: pollution Abutment area 5 Objects: Populations area near the construction site Table 5. 13: The summary of impacts of project No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note - Sedimentation Location: of river flow, damage - Approach road area and the abutment; to irrigation works - NH 38B - Impact on Object: socio-economic - Surface-water near the construction site 1 activities; - Cuu An river near the bridge location - Impact on and irrigation canal; traffic - Residential area along the aproach - Pollution of road. surface water Noise and vibration Location: pollutions Around the construction site 2 Object: Residents near the site leveling and households living along the approach road construction site Safety and traffic Location: congestion NH 38B, Approach road area and along the transport road; 3 Object: Traffic Residents along the roadsides Damage to public Location: facilities NH38B and local road connecting to NH 38B 4 Object: Local people Impact on social life Location: 5 Localities in project area Object: 306 No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Local people Impact on hydrology Location: and river flow Abutment areas 6 Object: Cuu An river Impacts due to Location: material exploitation Borrow pits area and transported material road 7 Object: Residents and other objects near the borrow pits area and transported material road 2.7. Mitigation Measures 2.7.1. Mitigation Measures for Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement The project has proposed the measures to mitigate the social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement including:  The Project will provide compensation for various types of land, structure, and livelihood losses for different categories of displaced persons (owners, leaseholders, renters, land users without legal rights to land, workers, manufacturing/commercial firms, and workers);  The Project is preparing the income restoration program to provide for affected peoples. The singular objective of the income restoration program is to help the severely affected and vulnerable households rebuild their sources of livelihood and thus regain, if not improve, their pre-project standards of living;  The Project has changed alignment of some sections that go through the residential area to mitigate social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement. 2.7.2. Mitigation Measures for Environmental Impacts The table 5.20 bellow present specific areas that can be affected by potential environmental impacts and the mitigation measures, the notification issues when implement the project: Table 5. 14: Site Specific Mitigation Measures of the project No. Impacts/Activity Mitigation measures Location Note Measures to mitigate the impacts due to wastes Management and - Conduct the classification and Construction treatment of solid treatment; sites wastes - Re-use to build the construction road; - Collect and choise temporary 307 No. Impacts/Activity Mitigation measures Location Note storage - Moving the local landfill Treatment of - Management wastes oils; Construction hazardous waste -Control oil-containing wastes from sites (waste oil) construction activities: Do not discharge directly into the environment, collecting the waste oil into the drum container for disposal. - Air - Water spray All of project pollution due to - Cover material/ soil disposal when Construction dust generated transported; site gate from construction - The vehicle only move in (including construction area; excavation, - Use covered vehicles to material transporting; storage): - Control and manage environmental - Air at location that vehicles go through; pollution due to dust arising from - Temporary dump is located far transport from objects as schools, markets; activities; -Mitigate the dust pollution Measures to mitigate the other impacts Minimize impacts - Quickly construction and Location of erosion, compaction; construct road- sediment and soil - Colecting and transporting the soil bed of approach drifting disposal to the backfill area; road - Create the dump reasonable; - Setup the mudguards fences; - Clean up spilled lands; - Limit the leveling area; -Make manholds. Minimize impacts - Comply with general Along the the due to noise regulations; construction pollution - Control the noise level: priority area of approach using machineries that have low of road, especially source noise level; with area focusing the -Monitoring the noise level population Minimize impacts - Comply with the general Approach road 308 No. Impacts/Activity Mitigation measures Location Note due to traffic regulations; congestion - Setup the signal boads; -Guiding traffic. Minimize impacts - B To arrange reasonable shipping NH 38B and due to damage to time: do not transport materials during local roads public facilities the period 6 – 8 hours and 18 – 16 hours; - Moving with righ speed; - Agree with local authoritie about the temporary using of local road. Minimize impact by - Management of workers: To Construction focusing workers register temporary living for workers, site construction workers education; - Coordinate with local authorities in promoting to worrkers understanding of the social evils, prostitution, disease, HIV etc. - Use of local labor for simple work. Minimize impacts - Treated wastes when construct the Cuu An river on hydrology and sub-structure of bridge; river flow - Cleanup the river-bed after construction; - Cleanup and stabilize the river banks after construction 309 EMP TRANG THUA BRIDGE 2.8. Impacts on Environmental and Social 2.8.1. Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement: Currently, PMU3 is conducting prepare draft of RP report for all of VRAMP project, including component to improve the bridges on NH 38B. This RP is established base on Vietnamese regulations and accordance with involuntary resettlement policies of the World Bank (OP 4.12). The RP will include the programs to relocate house, land, tombs and other structures of the community. In initial survey, the quantities of land clearance are presented in table below: Table 5. 15: Quantities of land clearance No. Items Unit Quantity I Land m2 45,936.12 - Agriculture land m2 44,476.92 - Residential land m2 1,459.20 II Asset 45,388.92 - Cr ops m2 44,476.92 - House class 4 m2 396.00 - House – 1 storage m2 480.00 - House – 2 storage m2 36.00 2.8.2. Environmental Impacts The tables 5.22 and 5.23 below mention the potential impact on environmental and society in the construction process of project: Table 5. 16: The summary of impacts on environmental due to wastes No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Air pollution location: Along the project alignment at excavated and fill-up location; construction area; and local roads 1 connecting the NH 38B with borrow pits and material storage. Objects: The households living along the NH38B (at 310 No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Km0+840 – Km1+060; Km1+780 and Km1+960). Water pollution Location: Impact on fauna Bridge construction site 2 and flora of the Objects: river Dao river near the construction site. Groundwater Location: pollution Area near the abutments of bridge 3 Objects: Populations area near the construction site Table 5. 17: The summary of other impacts of project No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Affect to life and Location: livelihood of people - Houses demolition along the road side 1 Object: - Relocation households - Sedimentation Location: Medium of river flow, damage - Approach road area and the abutment; impacts to irrigation works - NH 38B - Impact on Object: socio-economic - Surface-water near the construction site 2 activities; - Dao river near the bridge location and - Impact on irrigation canal; traffic - Residential area along the aproach - Pollution of road. surface water Noise and vibration Location: Medium pollutions Around the construction site and along the impacts approach roads 3 Object: Residents near the site leveling and households living along the approach road construction site Safety and traffic Location: Medium congestion NH 38B, Approach road area and along the impacts transport road; 4 Object: Traffic Residents along the roadsides Damage to public Location: Medium facilities Along the transport roads and local roads impacts 5 Object: Local people 311 No. Impacts/Activity Location and Affected objects Note Impact on social life Location: Localities in project area 6 Object: Local people Impact on hydrology Location: Medium and river flow Abutment areas impacts 7 Object: Dao river Impacts due to Location: Small impacts material exploitation Borrow pits area and transported material road 8 Object: Residents and other objects near the borrow pits area and transported material road 2.9. Mitigation Measures 2.9.1. Mitigation Measures for Social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement The project has proposed the measures to mitigate the social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement including:  The Project will provide compensation for various types of land, structure, and livelihood losses for different categories of displaced persons (owners, leaseholders, renters, land users without legal rights to land, workers, manufacturing/commercial firms, and workers);  The Project is preparing the income restoration program to provide for affected peoples. The singular objective of the income restoration program is to help the severely affected and vulnerable households rebuild their sources of livelihood and thus regain, if not improve, their pre-project standards of living;  The Project has changed alignment of some sections that go through the residential area to mitigate social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement. 2.9.2. Mitigation Measures for Environmental Impacts The table 5.24 bellow present specific areas that can be affected by potential environmental impacts and the mitigation measures, the notification issues when implement the project: Table 5. 18: Site Specific Mitigation Measures of the project No. Impacts/Activity Mitigation measures Location Note Measures to mitigate the impacts due to wastes Management and - Conduct the classification and Construction treatment of solid treatment; sites wastes - Re-use to build the construction road; - Collect and choise temporary storage - Moving the local landfill 312 No. Impacts/Activity Mitigation measures Location Note Treatment of - Management wastes oils; Construction hazardous waste -Control oil-containing wastes from sites (waste oil) construction activities: Do not discharge directly into the environment, collecting the waste oil into the drum container for disposal. - Air - Water spray All of project; pollution due to - Cover material/ soil disposal when Construction dust generated transported; site gate area from construction - The vehicles only move in (including construction area; excavation, - Use covered vehicles to material transporting; storage): - Control and manage environmental - Air at location that vehicles go through; pollution due to - Temporary dump is located far dust arising from from objects as schools, markets; transport -Monitoring the dust pollution activities; Measures to mitigate the other impacts Minimize impacts - Quickly construction and Location of erosion, compaction; construct road- sediment and soil - Colecting and transporting the soil bed of approach drifting disposal to the backfill area; road - Create the dump reasonable; - Setup the mudguards fences; - Clean up spilled lands; - Limit the leveling area; -Make manholds. Minimize impacts - Comply with the generalAlong the due to noise regulations; construction pollution - Control the noise level: priority area of approach using machineries that have low of road, especially source noise level; with area -Monitoring the noise level focusing the population Minimize impacts - Comply with the general Approach road due to traffic regulations; congestion - Setup the signal boads; -Guiding traffic. Minimize impacts - B To arrange reasonable shipping NH 38B and due to damage to time: do not transport materials during local roads public facilities the period 6 – 8 hours and 18 – 16 hours; 313 No. Impacts/Activity Mitigation measures Location Note - Moving with righ speed; - Agree with local authoritie about the temporary using of local road. Minimize impact by - Management of workers: To Construction focusing workers register temporary living for workers, site construction workers education; - Coordinate with local authorities in promoting to worrkers understanding of the social evils, prostitution, disease, HIV etc. - Use of local labor for simple work. 314 EIA NH38 MEASURES FOR PREVENTION, MITIGATION OF ADVERSE IMPACTS; RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENTS 1. Measures for Prevention, Mitigation of Adverse Impacts of the Project on the Environment during the Pre-Construction 1.1. Mitigation of Impacts on Ambient Air 1.1.1. Control Dust of Housing Demolition a. Description of mitigation measures  Moistening: When demolition work on hot dry days;  Screening by canvas: canvas surrounded the house demolition area to prevent dust dispersed into surrounding areas;  Transporting waste: Type not be reused will be handled through a contract with the company environment functions. b. Location and implementation time  Location: At the places of house demolition (Km0+000; Km4+200 ÷ Km4+350);  Implementation time: 1 week/ area. 1.1.2. Dust control during site leveling a. Description of mitigation measures Moistening: Spraying water at least 02 times / day. Water taken from the river, near the location of the channel. b. Location and implementation time  Location: In six construction sites (Sat Bridge, Tranh 1 Bridge, Tranh 2 Bridge, Bun Bridge, Dia Bridge and Tinh Bridge).  Implementation time: 1 month. 1.1.3. To assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures and residual impacts Measures to reduce high effective and feasible by simple techniques, inability dust emissions, residual effects are negligible. 1.2. Mitigation of Impacts on public health Measures to minimize the public health impact of dust pollution was presented in Section 1.1. "Mitigation of Impacts on air environment." Do not bulldoze area residents should be in this section will only present the measures to minimize noise pollution due to the demolition of public health. 315 a. Description of mitigation measures The goal is to minimize the noise impact of pollution in residential areas, will be carried out simultaneously following measures:  No demolition waste and transport at night: from 22:00 to 6:00.  Use equipment with low noise emissions.  Limit operators and equipment b. Location and implementation time  Location: In the residential areas (Km0+000; Km4+200 ÷ Km4+350);  Implementation time: 1 week. 1.3. Mitigation of Socio-economic impacts 1.3.1. Impact mitigation due to Residential Land Acquisition a. Description of mitigation measures In order to mitigate the adverse impacts of resettlement, in addition to the implementation of the plan for compensation, assistance and resettlement, it is also required to consider the aspirations of displaced persons (DPs). a1. Implementation plan for compensation, assistance and resettlement The most effective mitigation measures are implementation plan for compensation, assistance and resettlement. In this measure, the compensation policy is composed in the manner of taking priority of the donor (WB) with the compensation and support which will be done for all impacted persons in the compensation list prior to the date of land acquisition and price is based on the replacement cost.  Responsibility of the units in relation to land acquisition and resettlement and implementation budget. o Following Document No. 1665/TTg-CN on 17/10/2006 of the Prime Minister on the implementation of land acquisition for transportation project construction, land acquisition will be separated as sub-projects by Hung Yen Provincial People's Committee. Hung Ha District People's Committee (Hung Ha DPC) will implement these sub-projects under direction of Hung Yen Provincial People's Committee through the Board of compensation, assistance and resettlement of Hung Ha DPC which is established with its chairman shall be a leader of the district and members must be staff from the affected communes, and representatives of the affected. o The Project Owner shall assist the Chairman of the Board compensation, assistance and resettlement to make plans for compensation, assistance and resettlement; securing 316 adequate budget for timely payment of compensation, assistance and resettlement (cost for land acquisition is from State Budget Fund).  General plan of compensation, assistance and resettlement o The general plan of compensation, assistance and resettlement of the project has been made in to a resettlement action plan (RP). The overall objective of RP is to determine the compensation and resettlement program for the project to ultimately limit the number of people and assets affected by the project to ensure that all affected people will be compensated for damage with replacement cost; and, there will be recovery measures to help them improve or at least maintain the standard of living and their ability to generate income as before the project. o The plan of compensation, assistance and resettlement is briefly shown in the summary table of compensation, assistance and resettlement policies, and matrix of rights. o Measures to mitigate the impacts of land acquisition will be applied during land acquisition period and completed before starting construction. a2. Consideration of aspirations of displaced people  Taking consideration in arrangement of resettlement areas near the former place for the involuntary displaced households.  Compensating by money so that, the displaced households can do on their own with supervision of their resettlement process to ensure that their compensation money is spent for its intended purpose. b. Objects and implementation time  Applicable objects: displaced households.  Implementation time: completed before commencement of the project. 1.3.2. Regarding Impacts due to Permanent Acquisition of Agricultural Land a. Description of mitigation measures Households whose agricultural land is permanently acquired face not only income damage, income loss, but also the difficulties in production recovery or earning new income sources. Therefore, it is not enough to be compensated by the cost replacing the acquired land area. Measures for production support and income restoration plan shall be established and implemented to ensure that the households who are taken their land can restore their minimum income like before the acquisition. The specific measures include:  Compensation: total area of permanently acquired agricultural land, as well as trees and crops on the land will be compensated with the price calculated at the time of inventory.  Support for living stabilization: 317 o For households who lost 30 ÷ 70% of their production land: support for six months for non-displaced households and 12 months for displaced ones; o For households who lost more than 70% of their production land: support for 12 months for non-displaced households and 24 months for displaced ones.  Support for agricultural land in residential areas: o For garden/ pond land in residential areas: support more with 30 ÷ 70% of the price of the adjacent land plot; o For agricultural land in residential areas: support more with 20 ÷ 50% of the price of the adjacent land plot.  Support for career change and job creation: the households who lost their agricultural land will be supported for career change and job creation in cash with 1.5-5 times higher than the compensation for the agricultural land.  Recruitment: for some simple jobs with low technical requirements, the project‘s Owner encourages the contractor to recruit local labors, in which households losing their agricultural land will be preferred. b. Objects and implementation time  Applicable objects: households whose land for rice growing and ponds along the route are permanently acquired.  Implementation time: completed before commencement of the Project. 1.3.3. For the impact of temporarily occupied agriculture land a. Description of mitigation measures The aim is to compensate for losses due to temporary occupancy of agricultural land to construction site layout will apply measures:  Compensation under the agreement: Project owner agreed to rent the land owner under the agreement. Land rent will be charged for the time the temporary land occupation for construction and land recovery timeout (about 2 years).  Revert: When not in use, the temporary borrow area will be cleaned and renovated and restored the original commitment before handover to owners.  Implementation commitment: Unified commitment to clean, renovate or revert to serve other purposes. This commitment will be notarized at the CPC to ensure legal. b. Objects and implementation time  Applicable objects: The owners of agricultural land temporarily occupied.  Implementation time: Prior to start Project‘s construction. 318 1.3.4. For the impact of the relocation of graves a. Description of mitigation measures The aim is to limit the social impact by moving 13 graves, measure:  Announcement early: Early Notification clearance time for at least 6 months relative to their graves conducting necessary rituals.  compensation, support: Compensation and reasonable funding for the relocation, transportation and burial of new graves. b. Objects and implementation time  Applicable objects: Relatives of the graves were relocated.  Implementation time: Prior to start Project‘s construction.. 1.3.5. For impact by reducing the amount of infrastructure (irrigation ditches, poles and telephone poles) a. Description of mitigation measures The purpose is to prevent unnecessary impacts disturb the socio-economic activities by reducing the amount of infrastructure, project committed to the following:  Perform proper design process: The relocation of infrastructure systems (power, telephone, irrigation ditches) will be carried out and completed before the construction works of the project. While building new infrastructure, the old buildings are still in use to ensure not disrupt production activities and community activities of the people. After completion of construction of new facilities, electricity, telephone and irrigation water will be transferred from the old building to the new building. Then the old building will be demolished to hand over the construction project. As for drainage, culverts will be constructed in the old ditch. After you have completed sewer, water diversion channel on the initial position and the land reverted to temporarily ditch.  Provide adequate funding: This project will ensure adequate funding to provide relocation and improvement system power drain (already included in the total investment of the project). b. Objects and implementation time  Applicable objects: The ditch was improved, 76 electric poles, 37 communication poles.  Implementation time: Prior to start Project‘s construction.. 1.3.6. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts Experience has shown, with any scale that, when occupied land and create lasting social impact, especially when incurred relocation and resettlement, land acquisition, although this service the 319 national interest and the public and shall comply with compensation compensation plan, support and resettlement consent of the person affected. Practical experience shows that, if the Council land acquisition compensation and resettlement perform the following, the contradictions in society will be freed many:  extensive propaganda about economic policy and development policy of the state compensation to the affected people as well as the rights and obligations of their;  Disclosure of compensation rates for each detail of each affected property. Publicity exact amount of compensation for each household;  policies to support needy families and family policies;  policies to reward those who perform hand over earlier than schedule out;  There are plans to create jobs and job training for those households affected when they ask;  There are plans to help families lonely, sick ... in dismantling transported to a new place;  For unskilled workers (usually low-skilled labor, employment instability): Career Organization, opened the class apprenticeship training just learning culture in place to meet the needs of employers in the area. There are no qualified workers through job training age will negotiate with the workers getting their base to do the job less demanding qualifications such as protection, parking, and odd ... learn more at these facilities. However, not once can solve all of this work so there will be further driven as open-field training and educational support to create a workforce with the legacy degrees;  Instructions on how to spend money compensation: A residential unit after receiving a large amount of compensation has not cleared oriented funds have been used properly creates waste and risk new evils arising burden to society. Thus, there will be specific instructions on the use of capital, especially investment guide business or saving way to fit each specific audience in order to stabilize the long life long;  Explicit information about the project, construction schedule for local and affected people, policies and schemes of compensation and resettlement;  Create mechanisms for affected persons in the proposed democratic aspirations as well as support the compensation at complaints mechanisms, responses;  The settlement of administrative procedures related to the relocation issue is also of concern because there are still many obstacles that life cannot be put into place, such as for changing business forms, business license sales, transfers to their children, doing household ... Creating favorable conditions in the administrative stage is imperative to get the attention of the leaders to help stabilize their lives after being recovered land;  Project to ensure timely and adequate budget for land acquisition and resettlement.  Also, in the case of the Project, (i) the provision of land by the local running out, so the 320 arrangement of relocated households resettled in place by their aspirations and provide timely funding their own resettlement is feasible and the optimal measures. (Ii) measures to mitigate the impact of infrastructure encroachment is the commitment of the project, in accordance with the construction uninterrupted manufacturing operations, funding for this work has been established and included in the total investment of the project. 1.4. Mitigation of Impacts on Environmental Landscape a. Description of mitigation measures  Performing proper categorization and disposal: upon demolition, waste will be categorized. Those which can be reused as crushed scrap, milled wood will be collected for fuel.  Collecting and selecting temporary gathering points: the wastes generated shall be collected and gathered at some points on the construction site. The project will sign a contract with the environmental unit in charge of waste collection, treatment and transportation. b. Location and implementation time  Location: the house demolishing area (Km0+000; Km4+200 ÷ Km4+350).  Implementation time: during the demolishing time (1 week) and preparation of construction site (1 month). 1.4.1. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts The waste categorization, collection and treatment will limit the amount of soil, rocks dumped at disposal areas. The waste collection is reasonable and solid waste treatment measure is consistent with the requirements of the Decree No. 59/2007/ND-CP. The proposed measures are feasible, effective and residual impacts are insignificant. 1.5. Request for Completing Preparatory Work for Official Construction a. Description of mitigation measures For the purpose of providing information about the project, the environmental protection measures of the project for the local community where the project is located in order to get social consensus, the following measures will be applied:  Disclosing information: o After the EIA report of the project has been approved by the Ministry of Transportation, the project‘s owner will establish, approve and publicly post the environmental management plan at the headquarters of the People's Committee of the communes for community consultation. Contents of the environmental management plan shall comply with Article 22 of Decree No. 29/2011/ND-CP dated 18 April 2011 of the Government on providing strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment. Thereby, local people will update the project‘s information and 321 participate in inspection and supervision of implementation of the project‘s environmental protection measures. o Along with the environmental management plan, the project will publish information on project scale and scope of construction on the mass media, flyers, signs to get to know the community and not violating construction safety. b. Location and implementation time  Location: o Disclosing information in communes/ towns in the project area. o Installing signs at the boundary of land acquisition and construction site.  Time: before official construction 2. Measures for Prevention, Mitigation of Adverse Impacts of the Project on the Environment during Construction 2.1. Mitigation of Impacts on Ambient Air Quality 2.1.1. General Regulations The measures aim to provide the required contents applicable to construction activities in order to comply with legal requirements on environment protection during construction.  Requirements for vehicles: Vehicles ensure emission standards "TCVN 6438 - 2005 - Road vehicles. Maximum permitted emission limits of exhaust gases." Through the contracts, the project‘s owner requires the contractor to apply this standard to manage construction vehicles.  Requirements for applicable standards: Limit 0.3mg/m3 of QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality is the criteria applicable to safety of dust concentration at sensitive objects with dust generation activities of the project during the construction phase. 2.1.2. Dust Spread Control in the Activities of Excavation, Backfill and Storing Materials a. Description of mitigation measures With the aim to prevent and mitigate dust spread from digging access road to bridges, the following measures shall be applied:  Spraying water the areas with dust spread: Spraying water to prevent dust spread. Water shall be taken from surface water in rivers, canals and ponds near the construction site. Technical solutions: 1. Spraying water at least 02 times a day. Using standard nozzle instead of normal ones to make the surface equally wet and prevents muddy condition. Spraying water in multiple times instead of once in large quantities. 322  Preventing dust spread at temporary storage yards: Temporary soil storage years with volume of over 20m3 will be covered to prevent dust spread. Technical solutions: 1. Covering canvas is made of thick nylon fabric and towards sensitive objects (residential areas, schools, temples, etc). 2. The canvas is 30cm higher than the yard’s surface. 3. The canvas should be reinforced with pile driven in the ground at least 20cm deep not to fall. b. Location and implementation time  Implementation location: The construction of the road along the route, the temporary dump materials, waste land;  Implementation time: applied during construction of the road on sunny days, dry. 2.1.3. Control of Emission from Construction Vehicles (Shunt Compensation) a. Description of mitigation measures With the aim of mitigating dust pollution, toxic gases emitted from construction machines in the project area, the following measures shall be applied:  Using vehicles that meet emission standards as defined in the general regulations.  Setting transportation areas: Vehicles are only allowed to be used in the construction scope as regulated (site clearance, service road). b. Location and implementation time  Implementation location: Entire scope of the project and at the site.  Implementation time: within 24 construction months 2.1.4. Regarding Dust Generated during Transporting Waste Materials or Soil a. Description of mitigation measures With the aim of mitigating air pollution due to dust generated from vehicles, the following measures shall be applied:  Using vehicles that meet emission standards and transportation requirements: o Vehicles must ensure emission standards as defined in the general regulations. o Transported materials must be covered to prevent dust spread.  Controlling and managing the environment at which vehicles enter/ exit the construction site: Each construction site has a number of gates for transportation. Vehicles are only allowed to enter at these gates. 323  Cleaning roads near the entrance to construction sites: vehicles, before transporting, shall be cleaned from mud, soil on tires at the exit gates by mechanical methods. b. Location and implementation time  Implementation location: construction sites and transport materials.  Implementation time: Within 24 construction months 2.1.5. Regarding Dust Generation of Cement Concrete Mixing Plant a. Description of mitigation measures  Preventing dust spread in the mixed material storage area: The aggregate storage yards for mixing concrete (sand, gravel, etc.) will be covered with canvas to avoid dust spread. The canvas shall cover all the yard, except one side to moving the materials up to conveyors. The canvas is buried in the ground to avoid flying.  Preventing dust spread when dumping materials: When ben trucks dump materials at the yard, dust shall be generated; immediately spray water for moisturizing.  Preventing dust spread from the crushing operation: Not crushing stones on construction sites. Standard stones/ gravels for concrete mixing shall be purchased at the establishments licensed to operate and supply on site.  Preventing dust spreading on conveyors: mixing materials (sand and gravel) will be moistened before moving up the conveyors to the mixer.  Preventing dust spread in the silo: By design, the silo of cement concrete mixing plant has dust filter. Depending on the capacity and technical specifications, we can use electrostatic dust filter or cloth dust filter. These equipments can filter more than 90% of dust. In the construction phase, the contractor will be required to regularly maintain this equipment to filter the dust effectively.  Implementation of environmental monitoring: Perform monitoring of ambient air at the sensitive objects near residential areas that are likely to be affected by the mixing operations. When measurement results showed that the concentration of dust in the region of 0.3 mg/m3, immediately enhance at-source dust control measures, including additionally spraying water in places with dust spread as on conveyors, when dumping materials, aggregate yard, or covering the yard; inspecting performance of dust filter of silo; suspending the tasks to adjust measures until the dust concentation at such objects reach 0.3 mg/m3, then continue mixing. b. Location and implementation time  Implementation location: o The concrete mixing plants inside the construction sites. o Residential areas close to the construction sites. 324  Implementation time: 24 months of construction. 2.1.6. Dust pollution monitoring a. Description of mitigation measures Environmental monitoring during construction: Selection and implementation of monitoring dust at the densely populated or potentially affected places by dust accumulation. If the dust concentration is beyond the permissible limits, implement additional measures including: Considering the level of dust emissions of each activity, enhance control measures from the largest dust activity until the dust at sensitive objects reaches the permissible limits. b. Location and implementation time  Implementation location: Measures "Environmental monitoring in construction" made in the residential areas along the route refresh (km0 +000, Km 4 Km 4 +350 +200 ÷, ÷ Km44 Km43 +600 +000) and the residential areas along transportation routes (NH39, 1A, Highway 5, PR200 ...) as residential areas Tan Phuc (Km43 Km44 +600 ÷ +000).  Implementation time: Maintenance activities during Excavation and backfill. 2.1.7. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts The proposed measures are based on the principle of mitigating dust from the source not only reduce dust effectively, but also reduce the dust pollution (if any) at sensitive objects, being residential areas. The proposed measures are highly feasible and effective. To increase the feasibility of the proposed measures, the cost of implementation will be included in total investment of the project and content made to the contractor as well as supervision content of consultant will be based on bidding terms; under terms in the economic contract, the project will implement control measures to require contractors as well as the supervision consultant to follow the contract. 2.2. Mitigation of Impacts on Community due to Noise Pollution 2.2.1. General Regulations With the aim of providing the required contents applicable to construction activities to comply with legal requirements on environmental protection in construction activities; offering implementation contents to ensure noise reduction without spending additional cost.  Requirements for applicable standards: Limit on 70dBA and 55dBA during the day QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise is the criteria applicable to safety of noise of impacts generated from the project‘s operation during the construction phase.  Complying with regulations on construction organization: including: o Arranging machinery / vehicles generating noise at a location with suitable distance so that the noise spread to residential areas not exceed 70dBA and schools, temples, etc. no more 325 than 55dBA. Rapid decrease noise level is calculated on the principle of a double increase in the distance, the noise level reduces 3dBA. o All vehicles parked at the site will stop the engine; o All construction equipments and machines will be checked every 3 month on the noise level and make the necessary repairs and adjustments to ensure safety and not cause noise exceeding standards under the guidance of United States Environmental Protection Agency. Noise from construction equipments and machines - NJID, 300.1, 31 – 12 – 1971; o Prioritizing the use of machines and vehicles with low sound emission source object to construction near sensitive to noise; o Drivers must be well educated to act properly as shutting down vehicles when not necessary and avoid unnecessary noise action as pressing the air horn when not needed while the driving vehicles. o Normally, the fixed equipments such as generators will be place far away from residential areas, if not they will be placed in the tight box to reduce the noise (recommended the brick box). 2.2.2. Regarding Activities Generated Noise during Construction a. Description of mitigation measures  Complying with general regulations.  Controlling source noise level, including: o Limiting construction in night time, if construction at night using only the machinery and equipment sound power levels low. o When drilling for piers constructed Painting 1 Bridge near residential areas (Km 4 Km 4 +200 ÷ +350) for about 100m layout will make the day o During the day when the construction is executed at the site 200m from residential areas, select equipments/ machines with low sound sources; o Vehicles used for transportation will be limited at the speed of 5km per hour.  Monitoring noise level: Monitoring noise level at these sensitive objects - concentrated residential areas. When the measurement result shows that the noise level in this area beyond the permissible limits on daytime, strengthening measures to control noise at source and comply with the general provisions for the construction activities that cause noise in order to set additional measures, even temporarily stop working to adjust the measures until the noise level at sensitive objects reached the permissible limits on daytime, then continue construction work. b. Location and implementation time 326  Implementation location: o Along the construction route; o Sensitive objects are residential areas Km0+000; Km4+200 ÷ Km4+350; Km43+600 ÷ Km44+000, Km44+800, Ngoc Mai Temple (Km0+400), Political Improvement Center and The People‘s Procuracy (Km2+450), Sa Lung Temple (Km4+550), An Thi district clinic (Km46+100).  Implementation time: 24 construction months. 2.2.3. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts The reduction of the noise at sensitive objects is highly effective through the implementation of the general regulations as well as measures to reduce noise at source and monitoring noise at receiving objects to take appropriate corrective measures. In order to ensure the feasibility of the proposed measures, the contents of the proposed measures for contractors as well as supervision contents for consultant will be included in bidding terms; according to the terms of economic contracts, the project will implement control measures to require contractors as well as the supervision consultant to follow the contract. 2.3. Mitigation of Impacts on Surface Water Environment and Sediment 2.3.1. Regarding Impacts Generated from the Construction of Routes, Access Road to Bridges a. Control of risk of sedimentation or soil spillage during excavation of road foundation, horizontal drains and material storage a1. Description of mitigation measures With the aim of controlling risk of surface water pollution and reduced irrigation capacity in the irrigation ditches and located adjacent to or land routes cut through by sedimentation and erosion during excavation of road foundation, horizontal drains and material storage, especially for the ponds partly acquired.  Limiting the construction scope: The construction area is limited within land acquisition scope. The temporary organic soil yard will be re-used or soil for construction of road foundation shall be stored in this area. Arranging soil/ material yard at least 50m away from water sources during road construction.  Organizing reasonable construction: In case of rain, temporary yard will be covered with geotextile to prevent rain from causing erosion. The road foundation shall be executed and calculated to be compacted before the rain.  Placing mud-collecting barriers: At the construction cut through the ponds and canals, placing barriers to keep sediment just let the water run out. Mud barrier is placed between the construction location and water sources. The barriers are made of geotextile, buried deep into the ground at least 10cm and reinforced to avoid falling. Mud was stopped before the barrier 327 will be cleared so that it will not be spilled and allow water to drain easily, this kind of mud shall not be used for road foundation, but treated as disposed soil. In rainy season, the barriers should be regularly maintained at least every two day to be operated effectively. The barriers will be removed after the ground has been cleaned. b2. Location and implementation time  Implementation location: Along the project, particularly in the pond water Km0+600; Km1+450; Km2+080; Km2+200; Km4+600; Km44+800; Km46+400; Km52+250, ditches along some such Km43+650, Km44+470.  Implementation time: these measures shall be implemented during excavation and backfill (16 months). 2.3.2. Regarding Impacts Generaged from Construction of Bridges a. Control of bore mud during construction of bridge abutment, pier with bored piles technology that use bentonite a1. Description of mitigation measures With the aim of preventing the risk of surface water pollution in the project area and damage to wetland ecosystems because bore mud - soil mixed with bentonite and bentonite spilled in the construction of bored piles using bentonite of bridge abutment, piers, especially for piers adjacent to the flow edge.  Complying with general regulations: It is strictly forbidden to dispose to the surrounding environment the bore mud – soil mixed bentonite and bentonite spilled during the construction of bridge abutment, pier with bored pile technology that uses bentonite.  Making partitions to prevent the spillage into the surrounding environment: Making steel partitions in the flow direction (for the pier on the flow edge) and soil partitions on land. The partitions must be higher than the ground so that dirt cannot be spilled out. Area of the partition frame must be large enough to implement the entire construction process of the pile of foundation and abutment.  Strictly following soil mixed bentonite and bentonite spill treatment: Under construction process, each pile will have pit storing bentonite for reuse. After each construction of one pile, holes need to be filled. Therefore, soil and bentonite arise when drilling holes will be collected and buried in the pits. Bentonite spill and a soil mixed residual bentonite will be transferred into temporary yard, near the foundation construction area, abutment within the land acquisition, preliminary drying for easy transport. Then treated as ordinary solid waste, details are presented in the waste management section below. a2. Location and implementation time  Implementation location: In the construction sites of all piers and abutments of Sat Bridge and Bun Bridge; 328  Implementation time: the measures shall be implemented and maintained during the bored pile construction of each abutment/ pier and all abutments/ piers of Sat Bridge and Bun Bridge. b. Regarding risk of spillage of solid substances during superstructure construction of bridges b1. Description of mitigation measures With the aim of preventing risk of pollution of surface water, wetland ecosystems and damage to irrigation, the measures for prevention and processing solid substances dropping during construction of bridges shall be implemented as follows:  Treating garbage, waste during construction of bridges: It is strictly forbidden to dispose garbage, waste arising from the construction activities to surface water flow. Arranging trashes, temporary dump near the construction area for collecting garbage and waste. Then, moving to the centralized waste storage area of the site for further treatment as stated in the "waste management" section below.  Cleaning the concrete slabs before assembling: The joint position of the beams, concrete slabs will be cleaned on land before assembling by breaking and pieces of excess concrete (mavia). These pieces of concrete are waste collected and treated as mentioned in the "waste management" section below. b2. Location and implementation time The said measures shall be applied on the construction site of bridges throughout the construction of the superstructure of bridges (4-8 months). c. Clearance, restoration of river beds and banks at bridge construction area c1. Description of mitigation measures With the aim of preventing the risk of long-term pollution of river water environment during bridge construction, the following measures shall be applied.  Cleaning river bed upon construction: Removing all the temporary works including iron, steel, cofferdam, excess concrete by equipments such as excavators, bucket, crane, etc. After removal, waste will be collected and treated as solid waste at the site. Details are presented in the waste management section below.  Removing and stabilizing the riverbank after construction: Removing all scattered rocks, cofferdam around piers, along the river and the bridge area and reinforced the banks in accordance with the design. c2. Location and implementation time The said measures shall be applied on (Sat Bridge, Bun Bridge, Tranh 1 Bridge, Tranh 2 Bridge, 329 Dia Bridge and Tinh Bridge) right upon completion of construction. d. Regarding Impacts on Groundwater d1. Description of mitigation measures  Construction of cofferdam for stopping dirt water invading at the well casing: the cofferdam surrounding the support pier of casing shall be installed during the time of drilling of each pile and maintained in the whole process of pile construction to prevent surface dirt water invading into the casing and into the drilling pits. d2. Location and implementation time  Implementation location: Sat Bridge, Bun Bridge, Tranh 1 Bridge.  Implementation time: during the construction of bore piles. e. Regarding Impacts Generated from the Activities of the Construction Site e1. Regarding risk of loss of waste oil and water pollution by oil in oily discharge from motor maintenance station on the construction site e1.1. Description of measures With the aim of controlling and managing waste oil as hazardous waste in accordance with current regulations and preventing oil in wastewater from motorbike maintenance station on the site; the following measures shall be applied:  Managing waste oil: Machine oil shall be periodically replaced, stored in labeling barrels and placed in the roofed house with high floor to avoid flooding and waterproof, having barrier bank to easily collect in case of spilling outside. Waste oil will be further treated as described in the "waste management" section below.  Controlling oily waste from construction site activities: On each construction site, the wastewater generated from operation and maintenance of machinery and equipment shall not be discharged directly into surface water. Wastewater will pass through a drainage system with partitions to collect the oil film before flowing into the rivers, canals. The partitions are made of geotextile that let water flow through and keep the oil film. Partitions should be regularly maintained to be operated effectively. Oil film is collected on the barrels for treatment under Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT 14/04/2011 on hazardous waste management. e1.2. Location and implementation time said measures shall be applied on construction sites of construction sites of the project during the construction period e2. Regarding domestic waste from worker’s site huts on the construction site 330 e2.1. Description of measures With the aim of preventing risk of water eutrophication and toxicity of wetland ecosystems on rivers, canals due to waste from the site huts on each construction site, the following measures shall be applied:  Treating washing wastewater: Washing wastewater will be reused for moisten road surface or the places where dust can spread on site.  Treating domestic wastewater: On each site, in addition to washing wastewater reused as mentioned above, the wastewater from canteens will be pre-treated not to create pollution sources forming organic matters in natural water by the decomposition of uneaten food. Wastewater from the canteens will be directed to the shallow sand tank (about 70cm deep), about 10m2 wide to avoid absorbing down the underground water system after through manholes with nets for collection of solid substances and waste in holes. After permeable through the sand to flow into the drainage system of the site before joining the flow. Replace the sand every week. 3m3 of sand replaced each week can be considered waste after preliminary washing and treated as waste soil.  Using portable toilets: Using portable toilets at each site. Waste from portable toilets will be collected under economic contracts with the urban environment company of the Hung Ha District. The contract will be carried out before the project is prepared for construction. e2.2. Location and implementation time The said measures shall be applied on construction sites of construction sites of the project during the construction period. e3. Regarding sewage of rich TSS and high pH generated from the operation of concrete mixing plant on the construction site e3.1. Description of measures With the aim of preventing impacts to the wetland ecosystem in the ponds and reduced capacity of the irrigation canals by waste generated from the operation of cement concrete mixing plant on each construction site, the following measures shall be applied:  Treating aggregate washing water and wastewater of cement concrete mixing plant: the aggregate washing water on site and wastewater from the plant will be re-used to neutralize wastewater with high pH and to moisten the road surface on construction sites or the places where dust can spread on site. Aggregate washing water and wastewater will be directed into the mixing tank at least two compartments, each compartment has a capacity large enough so that sediment can settle for the amount of water discharged from one batch of concrete. Placing a barrier of iron net for waste collection before the entrance gate of sedimentation tank. Upon sedimentation, water will be reused. Sediment will be collected and treated as construction waste. The sedimentation tank and guiding ditch are arranged on site and be prepared concurrently with 331 the construction, maintained them work well during the entire construction period through the clean-up and maintenance of partitions regularly to ensure the ensure that garbage, rocks, sand and sediment will be retained and released into the canal with no contaminants. Garbage and sand deposits will be treated as waste and waste lands described in "waste management" subsection. After completing the construction, up to the line and they have not before handing over land to the owner.  Checking pH at the joint to natural flow: Checking the pH every day in case of concrete mixing operations at the joint to the discharged water from the construction site to ponds, canals. If the pH is greater than 12, increase pumping water into a tank from mixing plant to dilute. e3.2. Location and implementation time The said measures shall be applied on construction sites within 24 months. e4. Regarding risk of pollution from rainwater runoff on the surface of the site e4.1. Description of measures With the aim of controlling dirt penetrated into natural waters by rainwater runoff on the surface of the site. In addition to measures of "Making temporary drains for collection of water runoff during the construction near sensitive objects" as section a, subsection 4.2.3.2, the following measures shall be also applied:  Drainage on site: the elevation of the site will be designed to ensure the collection of rain water on the surface of the site, not flowing through the area with surface contaminants such as petroleum store and does not cause flooding. Surface drainage system on construction sites includes ditches, canals and manholes. Rainwater shall be collected and directed to the ditch through manholes with nets for garbage collection. After water in manholes shall be over flown through the grass before flowing into the water in the canals.  Clean the surface of the ground: Collecting the dirt on the ground to prevent the contamination of the surrounding water.  A crushed stone layer should be paved on the surface of the construction site; this layer shall either reduce dust or being able to filter the dirt on the surface as raining. c2. Location and implementation time The said measures shall be applied on construction sites of the project during the construction period, especially in the rainy season. 2.3.3. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts Most measures are highly effective because they are established on the basis of prevention eliminating the risk of increasing levels of water pollution by TSS, floating objects. The measures are also highly feasible because the area is large enough, the amount of waste is not 332 much. Water flowing from canteens to the environment only through preliminary treatment to capture the decomposed organic substances is a appropriate and feasible measure because the construction of wastewater treatment in aerobic tank in the field is not feasible due to large expenditures on construction and demolition after construction and create unpleasant odors on site. However, the water flow were pre-treated and joint into drainage flowing through the grass field before jointing into surface water have increased cleaning efficiency of organic matters in wastewater. Many measures comply with regulations on work safety, sanitation and construction organization. Therefore, the implementation contents for the contractor as well as the supervision consultant will be included in bidding terms; under the terms of economic contracts, the project will implement inspection measures to ask the contractor as well as supervision consultant to follow the contract. The feasibility of the proposed measures, thereby, are sure. 2.4. Regarding Impacts on Soil Environment 2.4.1. Regarding Risk of Soil Spillage and Sedimentation of Eroded Soil Due to Rain during Excavation and backfill a. Description of mitigation measures In order to prevent risk of burying arable land or causing slippery, muddy soil in residential areas due to soil spillage or mud sediment due to rain during excavation and temporary storage of materials, rocks, the following measures shall be applied:  Finishing construction and compacting tightly: in the rainy season, from May to September, finish construction on each foundation and compacting to avoid erosion by rain, check the foundation before the rain, if case of erosion, reinforcing more.  Collecting and transporting immediately waste soil/rock to leveling area: Collecting soil / rock on the dump within the permissible limits. Waste soil shall not be stored at each yard until finish construction, but gradually moving towards the designated leveling position. Especially, in the rainy season, from May to September, immediately transport to the leveling positions as defined; the rest shall be continued covering from rain.  Creating proper dumping sites: o Dumping sites are not allowed at the residential areas or areas with high concentration of economic activities of which elevation is lower than the construction site elevation. o Within the site clearance, separate dumping sites will be arranged within the organic soil stored for reuse and waste soil waiting for transportation to the filling positions as defined. Area of each dump area shall not exceed 25m2 and stored soil shall not higher than 1.5m to facilitate covering to avoid erosion in case of rains and dust dispersion in strong winds. The temporary dumping sites of soil and waste soil shall be surrounded with fences made of geotextile. The geotextile fence shall be buried on the ground of 15cm to 20cm deep and supported by the poles driving deep down firmly. 333  Installing of mud barrier: Not only in the rainy period, the installation of mud barriers for prevention of sedimentation and soil spill to surrounding area shall be implemented. Mud barrier are installed at the outer edge of the land acquisition border to surrounding land, according to the section of the route not to interfere the construction. Barrier made of geotextile, buried deep into the ground at least 10cm and reinforced to avoid falling. After finishing each section, the barrier is taken up, cleaned and re-used for the next stage.  Cleaning areas with spilled soil: In the event of the mud spill to agricultural land along two sides of the new route, these areas will be cleaned and returned to the original state. b. Location and implementation time  Implementation location: At the construction areas near agricultural lands and residential areas along the project.  Implementation time: shall be applied during excavation and backfill of road bed, foundation pit and area of material storage 2.4.2. Prevention and Treatment of Soil Compression a. Description of mitigation measures  Preventing the risk of soil compaction: limit the scope of construction in the scope of site clearance and service roads by piles. Vehicles are allowed to operate within this limit only.  Handling in case of negligence: In case of negligence, vehicles encroach beyond the limited scope; loosen land by plowing the abused land at least 0.3m deep.  Disposing land acquired temporarily after construction: After construction, in the area which construction sites are located and service roads on site, in addition to cleaning surfaces, loosen land by plowing it at least 0.5 m deep before handing over to the owner. b. Location and implementation time The said measures shall be applied on construction site and agricultural land along the project. 2.4.3. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts Mitigation measures developed on the basis of causes and impacts for the purpose of reducing immediately from source simultaneously with the processing of the consequences will be highly effective. Simple techniques are simple, suitable to the contractors‘ capacity. Residual impacts are acceptable. However, it is inevitable that vehicles shall encroach beyond the defined boundary. In this case, the project is committed to restoring this land as stated above. On the other hand, during construction, contractors often avoid implementing many environmental measures if not directly influence the construction contents due to concerns about the progress and increased costs. Therefore, to increase the feasibility of the proposed measures, implementation costs will be 334 calculated to be included in total investment of the project and the implementation contents will be included in the bidding terms. In terms of economic contracts, the project will monitor and ask the contractor to comply with the contract, ensure the feasibility of the proposed measures. 2.5. Regarding Impacts on Transportation 4.2.5.1. Regarding the Risk of Road Traffic Disruption during paving the section coincide with the existing road and construction of intersections. a. Description of mitigation measures With the aim of preventing and limiting traffic disruption on the existing road paving the section coincide with the existing road and construction of intersections, the following measures shall be applied:  Complying with general regulations: o AC Paving on each side one, just finishing construction safety aside for vehicles traveling, then continue the remaining parts. o Do not gather the construction machines of the project on the existing road. o Do not let the temporary storage area as material, soil/ rock as waste. They are arranged within the site clearance of the project and at least 7m away from the existing road. In the case of sedimentation or soil spillage on the existing road, immediately cleaning and clearing. o Every day, during the construction of intersections, the existing road within the project and in a wide range from the edge of the project road on the two sides will be cleaned. This wide range will be defined by field supervisor based on stains of t the project‘s vehicles causing on the existing road. o The drivers of the project and the construction workers must understand and comply with regulations on traffic safety and alcohol and drug use. o Coordinating with local traffic police control of the car on the road.  Placing signs: Signs on guarding the construction area will be located on two sides along the existing road in the driving position easily observed by the drivers and at a minimum distance of 150m. Traffic signs are stable under normal traffic conditions as well as when there are high winds and reflective panels for drivers easily recognizable at night. Scratches, lacerations, punctures on reflective panels will be remedied soon to always promote its reflective effects. After the end of intersection construction, all guarding signs will be removed.  Installing guide posts and signal lights: The piles are placed to limit the scope of the construction of the existing pavement. is the piles are 75cm high at minimum with wide base to ensure no damage by travelling vehicles. All the piles are arranged in white and reflective panels to ensure a clear view both day and night. Pile stable under normal traffic conditions 335 as well as when there are high winds. On the marker lights are blinking A (low flashing lights), B (fast flashing lights) will be supervising engineer for approval prior to use according to the actual conditions.  Traffic guidance: Guiding the traffic to ensure rational flow of traffic during AC paving of existing road surface. Traffic guide men shall be arranged equipped with flags to guide the traffic movement in and around the construction area. b. Location and implementation time Apply implemented in the construction period coincides with NH38 (Km33+963 ÷ Km38+400; Km43+600 ÷ 47+600) the intersection with the flyover approach roads at NH5, dike (Km4+300); access road to Phu Ung vestige (Km5+025), NH38, PR204, PR200, access road to Dien Bien River bank (Km52+390) and NH39 during the construction phase of the project. 2.5.2. Regarding the Risk of Road Traffic Accidents and Damage to Public Facilities during Transportation of Materials, Waste Soils and Rocks a. Description of mitigation measures In order to prevent and control the risk of unsafe traffic caused by the spilled material causing slippery on the national highways and provincial roads and the risk of damage to the local road with low solid level when the road is used to transport material or soil/ rock.  For the provincial road and national highway: o Arranging reasonable transportation time: during peak hours from 6am-8am and 4pm-6pm; o Not transporting over the maximum speed; o Cleaning: Spilled soil, rocks shall be cleaned immediately, ensuring not slippery in case of rain.  When inter-commune roads are used for transportation: o Asking permission from local authorities: Obtaining written consent from local authorities on temporary use of inter-communes for the right transportation purposes. o Organizing reasonable transportation: Not transporting materials and soil types in the winter time people using contemporary and holidays. Project responsibility to learn, but this time around and is committed to avoid shipping but this time with a particular region; o Implementation of sanitary measures and return to original state: Make sure you clean, safe in the process of using and maintaining the road, make sure people go back to normal, safe and restored to its original state before assigned to the local board. b. Location and implementation time The measures shall be implemented on transportation routes National highway, provincial roads, 336 NH5, NH1A, NH39, PR200... during the construction (24 months). 2.5.3. For the risk of unsafe water transport due to the operation of floating a. Description of mitigation measures To prevent the loss of waterway traffic safety, the measures applied:  Put signs: Signs realms construction sector is expected on a minimum distance of 300m, where all means of easily observed. Traffic signs stable in normal traffic conditions as well as when there are high winds and reflective panels for easy identification at night. It scratches, lacerations, punctures on reflective panels will be remedied soon to always effective reflective of it. After the end of construction, all signs will be relocated realm.  Put buoys and lights: buoys are placed to limit the scope of application of the execution time. All buoys are red, white and ensures clear view both day and night. Lights on a blinking buoy type A (little blinking lights), type B (many flashing lights) will be supervising engineer for approval prior to use based on actual conditions.  Traffic Guide: Guide to traffic to ensure appropriate transport indication. During construction of the layout generation will stand bearer realms and command signals for vehicles at locations near the construction. b. Location and implementation time The mitigation measures to be implemented during construction of Bridge Sat (15 months). 2.5.4. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts In fact, it is difficult to eliminate the impact of traffic, especially in areas where traffic density is high and in the river transportation operations. The measure is based on the construction of the content, the traffic conditions (water and land) every area and level of impact can minimize traffic congestion, especially to ensure absolute safety traffic. Residual impact is not significant. Measures to minimize impacts from transportation activities recommended materials simple, feasible and highly effective. However, to ensure residual impacts are acceptable, the project will work with local government publicly announced plans to transport people bidders findings of non-compliance to the Project this project in conjunction with the construction company requires strict implementation of mitigation measures have been approved as well as additional measures as appropriate. The mitigation measures for the utility community are committed to the project. Progress of the project depends on implementing this commitment. Feasibility of the proposed measures, therefore, are considered as quite high. Residual impact is negligible. 2.6. Regarding Impacts of Waste Rock and Soil 337 a. Description of mitigation measures To prevent the risk of spills and soil at the dump, to apply measures:  Compaction: rock poured out at the beach will be compacted, this has limited the ability erosion and spill out of the surrounding area while enabling local space for civil works .  Use barrier: In the pouring process, the rocks are un-compacted, preventing sediment barrier is used to prevent the overflow of land areas around b. Location and implementation time The mitigation measures to be implemented in the area of land that position during the dumping of waste soil. c. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts The mitigation measures for the utility community are committed to the project. Progress of the project depends on implementing this commitment. Feasibility of the proposed measures, therefore, are considered as quite high. Residual impact is negligible. 2.7. Regarding Impacts due to Concentration of many Workers a. Description of mitigation measures  Managing workers: Project offers conditions in camps, water, electricity will ensure that workers living in camps in the health care field during construction. Registration of temporary residence for workers; education construction workers respect cultural, religious, and local beliefs prohibit drinking while performing construction, prohibits gambling in public school and scheduling (hours and hours of leisure) for workers.  Coordinating with local authorities: o Coordinate with local authorities, including the Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front and the women for the purpose of promoting public understanding of social evils, prostitution, and HIV epidemics in the region... o Coordinate and work closely with local community hygiene as well as symptoms of the disease appear in the region; o Coordinate and cooperate with local authorities in preventing and combating social evils;  Employing local labors: Use the unskilled workers, both women and men, local to do the job easy. For some jobs require training, the contractors will be selected from among local workers hired to train for new skills so they can do a good job. b. Location and implementation time The measures are implemented during the construction of the project (24 months). c. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts 338 Mitigation measures by the concentration of workers are also the regulations on work safety and sanitation project in the construction process should be included in the bid contract. This legally is binding to facilitate full implementation of the proposed measures. 2.8. Waste Management and Treatment 2.8.1. Establishing and Implementing Waste Management Plan during Construction a. Description of mitigation measures  Establishing waste treatment plan: The project will be responsible for materials management and waste generated during the construction of a waste management plan (QMP). QMP built for regular waste (construction waste, waste) and hazardous waste (waste oil). During the construction phase, QMP will be the construction units to use as a construction material for detailed procedures for managing and reporting on waste generated and moved to the materials used for the project. QMP is one of the test objects according to the requirements stated in the environmental monitoring program.  Managing waste: waste is organic soil, excess concrete mortar, soil and bentonite balance after the re-use and is stored temporarily in the dump or switch to leveling in the waste dumps will be identify and deal with a local following in the steps of the project.  Managing garbage and domestic waste: Garbage and solid waste activities after collection will be categorized and stored at each site. Through economic contracts, the project will require the contractor to handle all kinds of waste according to Decree 59/2007/ND-CP dated 09/04/2007 on solid waste management and in accordance with local economy.  Managing waste oil and oily waste: collected and stored according to the instructions of the staff are trained in hazardous waste management in the construction field. Waste oil will be collected and handled in accordance with Circular 12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 04.14.2011 on hazardous waste management. b. Location and implementation time  The measure of ―establishing waste treatment plan‖ ―managing waste‖ and ―managing garbage‖ is implemented within 24 months at 05 site positions of the project.  The measure of ―managing domestic waste‖, ―managing waste oil and oily waste‖ is implemented within 24 months on 06 construction sites. 2.8.2. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts Develop and implement waste management plan during construction of project commitments and regulations on work safety, sanitation and organization of construction of a transportation project. Therefore, the project to ensure the implementation of previous commitments the state management agencies in each local environment and perform content for contractors as well as content supervision consultant will be taken on a Terms recordings; under economic terms in the 339 contract, the project will implement control measures to require contractors as well as the supervision consultant to comply with the contract. The feasibility of the proposed measures, so be sure. 3. Measure for Prevention, Mitigation of Adverse Impacts of the Project on Environment in the Operation Phase 3.1. Mitigation of Impacts Causing Fragmentation of Production Land a. Description of mitigation measures Encouraging localities consideration and arrangement of land plots properly: the measures aiming to mitigate the impacts of fragmentation of agricultural land. The project will encourage localities to consider and arrange fragmented plots properly so that an owner only cultivates their land to one side of the road (figure 4.1). Figure 4.1. Sitemap of Mitigation Measures of Impacts Causing Agricultural Fragmentation Plot 1 The project route The project route Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 1 House House Potential impacts - households must Mitigation measure - Household cross the roads to do farming at all receive new plot and not have to plots cross the roads b. Location and implementation time The measure is implemented on the divided agricultural land. c. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts The said mitigation measure is a part of design contents of the Project, so it is highly feasible and preventive division at source. Residual impacts are insignificant. However, the measure depends on the ability of land change and land use planning of each locality. 3.2. Minimize impacts of local flooding a. Description of mitigation measures 340 To minimize the impacts of agricultural land flooded, in addition to measures to enhance cross culverts with suitable apertures have been incorporated in the project design, the project will work with local land use organic dig the way to exalted to the field and to encourage local use conversion to perennial. b. Location and implementation time The plot is located between irrigation canals and roads in the area bypass through the An Thi town Km47+100 ÷ Km49+400; 4. Measures for Prevention and Response to Risks and Incidents 4.1. Response to Technical Incidents With the aim of preventing technical incidents when assembling girders, the following measures shall be applied:  The construction unit must submit the construction organization methods to the project‘s owner for consideration. The project‘s owner shall consider details of such plans based on specialized regulations and approve the most optimal and safest plan. The construction activities must strictly comply with the construction process as approved.  The project‘s owner shall establish plan on vehicles and equipments for addressing technical incidents, including rescue team; organization and plans (leaders, implementation order) and necessary address to be contacted in case of emergency, including hospitals in Hai Duong and Hung Yen.  The prevention measures shall be implemented during the construction of bridges. 4.2. Prevention of Fire/Blasting Incidents The following measures shall be applied:  Petroleum, oil used for construction equipments shall be stored in separated warehouses, away from potential sources of ignition; these warehouses are equipped with temperature monitoring devices and fire-alarming devices.  Arranging extinguishers, fire water tank, and oxygen tank regularly on the site. Fire prevention/ fighting facilities shall be regularly inspected and maintained.  Training, propagating to enhance workers‘ awareness and capacity of fire safety.  The measures shall be implemented during the construction (24 months). 4.3. Prevention of Industrial Safety Incidents With the aim of preventing accidents during construction, the following measures shall be applied:  The project‘s owner shall set out labor safety regulations during construction. 341  Establishing and implementing regular health check programs for officers and employees.  Training and providing information on acquisition health.  Workers are fully equipped with necessary protective equipments;  Establishing adequate communication system to ensure labor safety during the project implementation.  The project‘s owner shall establish rescue plans in case of acquisition accidents, including rescue team; organization and plans (leaders, implementation order) and necessary address to be contacted in case of emergency, including hospitals in Hai Duong and Hung Yen provinces.  Measures for prevention and response to environmental incidents shall be conducted for the project during the construction (24 months). 4.4. Preventing incidents boat accident Will apply the following measures:  Equip signaling system: System signals will be located at the base Sat Bridge;  Coordinate with authorities local waterways: To ensure safe navigation;  Timely rescue organization: If the incident occurs, including the coordination of the local health authority.  Location: Sat Bridge. 4.5. Demining  According the Decision No. 96/2006/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on management and performance of the tasks of sweeping bombs, mines and explosive materials and Circular No. 146 2007 TT-BQP Of September 11, 2007, guiding the implementation of the prime ministers Decision No. 96 2006 QD-TTG of May 4, 2006, on management and performance of the tasks of sweeping bombs, mines and explosive materials; demining work will be carried out in and around the construction site to ensure safety in the process of demining and safety confirmed by defense office handles explosive materials through economic contracts with the Project Owner.  The area, depth and safety corridor of sweeping bombs, mines and explosive materials for Project is implemented to Decision No.95/2003/QÄ?-BQP issued by Minister of Defense dated August 7th, 2003 on promulgating ―technical process of detecting and dealing with bomb, mine, explosive materials‖.  Implementation time: Prior to start Project‘s construction. 342 EIA NH39 ADVERSE IMPACT PREVENTIVE MITIGATION MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENT PREVENTION, RESPONSE 1. Preventive, Mitigation Measures against Adverse Impacts of the Project on Environment in Pre-construction Phase 1.1. Mitigation of Impacts Caused by Land Acquisition, Relocation and Resettlement For Impacts Caused by Relocation, Resettlement a. Description of Mitigation Measures In order to mitigate the adverse impacts of resettlement, in addition to the implementation of the General Plan on Compensation, Assistance and Resettlement, it is also required to consider the aspirations of displaced persons (DPs). a1. Implementation plan for compensation, assistance and resettlement The most effective mitigation measure is to implement well the plan on compensation, assistance and resettlement. In which, the compensation policy prioritize the donor‘s (WB) policy, with compensation and support which will be paid for all impacted persons in the compensation list available prior to the date of land acquisition announcement and price is based on the replacement cost.  Responsibility of the units in relation to land acquisition and resettlement and implementation funds. o Following Document No. 1665/TTg-CN on 17/10/2006 of the Prime Minister on the implementation of land acquisition for transportation project construction, land acquisition will be separated as sub-project implemented by Thai Binh Provincial People's Committee. Dong Hung and Thai Thuy District People‘s Committees will implement the sub-project under direction of Thai Binh Provincial People's Committee through the Boards of compensation, assistance and resettlement set up by Dong Hung, Thai Thuy PC, of which the chairman is a district management officer and members must be officers from affected communes, and representatives of affected persons. o The Project Owner shall assist the Chairman of the Board compensation, assistance and resettlement to make plans for compensation, assistance and resettlement; securing adequate budget for timely payment of compensation, assistance and resettlement (cost for land acquisition is from State Budget Fund).  General plan on compensation, assistance and resettlement o The general plan on compensation, assistance and resettlement of the project has been made in to a resettlement plan (RP). The overall objective of RP is to determine the compensation and resettlement program for the project to ultimately limit the number of people and assets affected by the project to ensure that all affected people will be 343 compensated for damage with replacement cost; and, there will be recovery measures to help them improve or at least maintain the standard of living and their ability to generate income as before the project. o The plan of compensation, assistance and resettlement is briefly shown in the summary table of compensation, assistance and resettlement policies, and matrix of benefits. o Measures to mitigate the impacts of land acquisition will be applied during land acquisition period and completed before starting construction. a2. Consideration of aspirations of displaced people  Taking consideration in arrangement of resettlement areas near the former place for the involuntary displaced households..  Compensating by money so that, the displaced households can do on their own with supervision of their resettlement process to ensure that their compensation money is spent for its intended purpose. b. Objects and implementation time  Applicable objects: displaced households.  Implementation time: completed before commencement of the project. 1.2. Regarding Impacts due to Acquisition of Agricultural Land a. Description of Mitigation Measure Households whose agricultural land is permanently acquired face not only income reduction, income loss, but also the difficulties in production recovery or earning new income sources. Therefore, it is not enough to compensate by the cost replacing the acquired land area. Measures for production support and income restoration plan shall be established and implemented to ensure that the households who are taken their land can restore their minimum income like before the acquisition. The specific measures include:  Compensation: total area of permanently acquired agricultural land, as well as trees and crops on the land will be compensated with the price calculated at the time of detailed inventory.  Support for living stabilization: o For households who lost 30 ÷ 70% of their production land: support for six months for non-displaced households and 12 months for displaced ones; o For households who lost more than 70% of their production land: support for 12 months for non-displaced households and 24 months for displaced ones.  Support for agricultural land in residential areas: o For garden/ pond land in residential areas: extra support at 30 ÷ 70% of the price of the 344 adjacent land plot; o For agricultural land in residential areas: extra support at 20 ÷ 50% of the price of the adjacent land plot.  Support for career change and job creation: the households who lost their agricultural land will be supported for career change and job creation in cash with 1.5-5 times higher than the compensation for the agricultural land.  Recruitment: for some simple jobs with low technical requirements, the project‘s Owner encourages the contractor to recruit local labors, in which households losing their agricultural land will be preferred. b. Objects and Implementation Time  Applicable objects: households whose land for rice growing and fish ponds along the route are permanently acquired.  Implementation time: completed before commencement of the Project. 1.3. Regarding Impacts due to Relocation of Irrigation Canals a. Description of Mitigation Measure Aiming to prevent unnecessary impacts that disturb the production activities due to relocation of irrigation canals, the project is committed to:  Follow the design procedures: the relocation of the irrigation canal system will be carried out and completed prior to construction of the project‘s items. While building a new irrigation canal system, the old ones is still used to ensure no disruption to people‘s production activities. After the construction is completed, water flow is diverted from the old canal system to the new ones. Then, the old system will be demolished to hand over the site for construction.  Adequate funds provision: The project ensures to provide full funds for canal relocation (already included in the total investment of the project). b. Objects and Implementation Time  Applied objects: 6.31 km of relocated canal;  Implementation time period: completed before commencement of the Project. 1.4. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts To the best of our knowledge, at any scale, the land acquisition often makes long-term social impacts, especially in case of relocation and resettlement, although the land is recovered for national and public interests and the compensation is implemented according to the compensation, assistance and resettlement plan with the consent of the affected person. The fact shows that social contradictions shall be relieved if the Compensation Council can implement the followings: 345  Extensively and deep propaganda about economic development policy and the compensation policy of the state to the affected households as well as their obligations and rights;  Publicly notifying compensation price with the details of each affected assets. Publicly posting the compensation amount for each household;  Making policies to support poor households and those under policies;  Making policies to reward those who do hand over their site earlier than scheduled;  Establishing job creating and vocational training plan for the affected households at request;  Establishing plans to help lonely, sick householders, etc. in dismantling and relocating to new places;  For common labors (usually unskilled ones with unstable jobs): Organizing vocational direction, training with classes for both vocational training and general education in place to meet the need of employers in the project area. For disqualified labors that end the age for both learning and working, they will be requested for low-requirement jobs such as guards, vehicle keepers, cleaners, etc and learn more at these units. However, these labors cannot be employed at the same time, so vocational training schools with educational support shall be opened to form groups of skilled labors;  Guiding the way of spending compensation money: most of people, upon receiving a large amount from compensation, cannot know how to use such amount properly, which cause waste and risk of new evils burdening the society. As a result, specific instructions will be provided on the use of capital, especially instruction on investment in business and production or savings suitable to each object in order to stabilize their lives for a long time;  Transparency in information about the project, the construction schedule to local authorities and affected households, policy/ plan on compensation, assistance and resettlement;  To set up mechanisms for affected people to propose their wishes in compensation as well as complaints and feedbacks;  The settlement of administrative procedures related to relocation is also a matter of concern because there are still many obstacles that cause people‘s lives cannot be in order, such as: applying for conversion of business type, business licenses, school transfer for their children, making family register, etc. To facilitate for smooth administrative procedures is also an imperative issue that requires attention by leaders to help people stabilize their lives after the land recovery;  The project ensures adequate and timely funds for land acquisition and resettlement. In addition, in the case of the Project, (i) because local reserve land is abundant, the most feasible and optimal measure is that households shall be relocated for resettlement in place according to their willing and funds shall be provided timely for their own resettlement; (ii) measures for mitigate the impacts of infrastructure encroachment are the commitments of the project in 346 accordance with the construction process not interrupting production activities; the costs for this this task have been prepared and included in total investment of the Project. 2. Mitigation Measures for Impacts of Site Demolition and Leveling 2.1. Dust Control during Demolition of Buildings a. Measure description  Moisturizing by water spraying: when demolishing the works on the hot dry days;  Covering by canvas: Canvas shall cover the house demolishing area to prevent dust from spreading into the surrounding area;  Transporting waste: Non-recycled waste shall be treated under the contracts signed with functional environmental companies.. b. Location and implementation time period  Location: at building demolition locations (along the project route);  Implementation time: 1 week. 2.2. Dust Control during Site Leveling a. Measure description Moisturizing by spraying water: spraying water at least 2 times per day. Water shall be taken from rivers, canals near the construction site and from groundwater in the project area. b. Location and implementation time period  Location: at 3 construction sites, including bridge site (Go Bridge) and road construction sites at Km95+000, Km105+000.  Implementation time period: 1 month. 2.3. Noise Control during Demolition of Buildings a. Measure description With the aim of reducing noise pollution in the residential area, the following measures shall be simultaneously implemented:  Not demolishing and transporting scrap at night: from 10pm to 6am  Using equipments with low noise emission. b. Location and implementation time period  Location: at residential areas on approach road of Go Bridge - Km98+000; Km91+000 ÷ Km91+220; Km91+760 ÷ Km91+940. Km92+800 ÷ Km93+000; Km96+100 ÷ Km96+400; Km98+500 ÷ Km98+640; Km99+320 ÷ Km99+400; Km100+700 ÷ Km100+780; Km106+400 ÷ Km107+519.05; 347  Application time period: 1 week. 2.4. Noise Control during Site Leveling a. Measure description  Limitation on leveling time: not leveling the site at night from 10pm to 6am.  Limitation on simultaneous operation of equipments: operating only one machine, roller or grader for leveling. Stopping the engine of unnecessary machines. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: At bridge construction site (Go Bridge) and road construction sites at Km95+000, Km105+000;  Application time period: 1 month. 2.5. Mitigation of Impacts on Environmental Landscape a. Measure description  Performing proper categorization and disposal: upon demolition, waste will be categorized. Those which can be reused as crushed scrap, milled wood will be collected for fuel.  Collecting and selecting temporary gathering points: the wastes generated shall be collected and gathered at some points on the construction site. The project will sign a contract with the environmental unit in charge of waste collection, treatment and transportation. b. Location and application time period  Applicable location: Building demolition locations along the project route, Go Bridge and road construction sites at Km48+000, Km54+500.  Implementation time period: demolition duration (7 days) and preparation of construction site (1 month). 2.6. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts These measures are highly effective and feasible thanks to simple techniques, dust will no longer spread; no construction at night shall eliminate noise generated at source; turning machines off in case of unnecessary under workers‘ awareness shall make noise level at sensitive objects lower than the permissible limits in accordance with QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. The waste categorization, collection and treatment will limit the amount of soil, rocks dumped at disposal areas. The waste collection is reasonable and solid waste treatment measure is consistent with the requirements of the Decree No. 59/2007/ND-CP. The proposed measures are feasible, effective and residual impacts are insignificant. 3. Request for Completing Preparatory Work for Official Construction a. Description of Mitigation Measure For the purpose of providing information about the project, the environmental protection measures of the project for the local community where the project is located in order to get social consensus, the following measures will be applied: 348  Disclosing information: After the EIA report of the project has been approved by the Ministry of Transportation, the project‘s owner will establish, approve and publicly post the environmental management plan at the headquarters of the People's Committee of the communes for community consultation. Contents of the environmental management plan shall comply with Article 22 of Decree No. 29/2011/ND-CP dated 18 April 2011 of the Government on providing strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment. Thereby, local people will update the project‘s information and participate in inspection and supervision of implementation of the project‘s environmental protection measures.  Installing signs: Signs on construction range shall be installed at the entrance of the project to inform people and not encroaching safe construction corridor. Warning signs shall be installed on the construction sites to prevent unexpected risks, accidents. b. Location and application time period  Applicable location: o Disclosing information in 09 communes/ towns in the project area. o Installing signs at the boundary of land acquisition and construction site.  Application time period: before official construction. 4. Measures for Prevention, Mitigation of Adverse Impacts of the Project on the Environment during Construction 4.1. Mitigation of Impacts on Ambient Air Quality General Regulations  Requirements for vehicles: Vehicles ensure exhaust emission standards "TCVN 6438 - 2005 - Road vehicles. Maximum permitted emission limits of exhaust gases." Through the contracts, the project‘s owner requires the contractor to apply this standard to manage construction vehicles.  Requirements for applicable standards: Limit of 0.3mg/m3 of Vietnamese code 05:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality is the criteria applicable to safety of dust concentration at sensitive objects with dust generation activities of the project during the construction phase. 4.2. Dust Spread Control in the Activities of Excavation, Backfill and Storing Materials a. Description of Mitigation Measure With the aim to prevent and mitigate dust spread from digging access road to bridges, the following measures shall be applied:  Moisturizing areas likely to spread dust: Spraying water to prevent dust from spreading. Moisturizing water shall be taken from surface water in rivers, canals and ponds near the construction site. 349 Technical solutions: 1. Spraying water at least 02 times a day. 2. Using standard nozzle instead of normal ones to make the surface equally wet and prevents muddy condition. Spraying water in multiple times instead of once in large quantities..  Preventing dust spread at temporary storage yards: Temporary soil storage years with volume of over 20m3 will be covered to prevent dust spread. Technical solutions: 1. Covering canvas is made of thick nylon fabric and towards sensitive objects (residential areas, schools, temples, etc). 2. The canvas is 30cm higher than the yard’s surface. 1. The canvas should be reinforced with pile driven in the ground at least 20cm to avoid collapse. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: Temporary site compounds, dump sites along the Project‘s route;  Implementation time period: 24 construction months. 4.3. Control of Emission from Construction Vehicles (horizontal leveling) a. Description of Mitigation Measure With the aim of mitigating dust pollution, toxic gases emitted from construction machines in the project area, the following measures shall be applied:  Using vehicles that meet emission standards as defined in the general regulations.  Setting transportation areas: Vehicles are only allowed to be used in the construction scope as regulated (Land acquisition ROW). b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: Entire scope of the project and at 03 jobsites.  Application time period: within 24 construction months 4.4. Regarding Dust Generated during Transporting Materials or Waste Soil a. Description of mitigation measure With the aim of mitigating air pollution due to dust generated from vehicles, the following measures shall be applied:  Using vehicles that meet emission standards and transportation requirements: o Vehicles must ensure emission standards as defined in the general regulations. o Transported materials must be covered to prevent dust spread. Technical solutions: 1. Transported materials will be moistened to enhance dust reduction. 2. Using vehicles with cap for transportation. 3. In case vehicles have no cap, using canvas to cover materials. Using oil canvas and tying into the truck frame to avoid flying. 350  Controlling and managing the environment at which vehicles enter/ exit the construction site: Each construction site has a number of gates for transportation. Vehicles are only allowed to enter at these gates.  Cleaning roads near the entrance to construction sites: vehicles, before transporting, shall be cleaned from mud, soil on tires at the exit gates by mechanical methods.  Moisturizing areas likely to spread dust: Spraying water to avoid dust spread. Water is taken from rivers, streams near the project area. Spraying frequency is adjusted at the request of the supervising engineer suitable to each dust generating source; possibility of cumulative impacts and dependence on sun/ wind level to ensure that dust generated in the construction sites shall not exceed the permissive limits  Using standard nozzle: Using standard nozzle to wet surfaces at which dust can be generated, but not make the surrounding areas muddy. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: Construction sites and material haul road.  Implementation time period: Within 24 construction months. 4.5. Monitoring of Dust Pollution a. Description of mitigation measure Environmental monitoring during construction: Selection and implementation of monitoring dust at the densely populated or potentially affected places by dust accumulation. If the dust concentration is beyond the permissive limits, implement additional measures including: Considering the level of dust emissions of each activity, enhance control measures from the largest dust activity until the dust at sensitive objects reaches the permissive limits. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: The method of ―Environmental monitoring during construction‖ is implemented in the residential area on approach road of Go Bridge (Km98+1000), beginning point residential area at Km91+000, interchange at Km98+576, endpoint at (intersection at Km107+519,05).  Implementation time period: 24 construction months. 4.6. Assessment of the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts The proposed measures are based on the principle of mitigating dust from the source not only reduce dust effectively, but also reduce the dust pollution (if any) at sensitive objects, being residential areas. The proposed measures are highly feasible and effective. To increase the feasibility of the proposed measures, the cost of implementation will be included in total investment of the project and content made to the contractor as well as supervision content of 351 consultant will be based on bidding terms; under terms in the economic contract, the project will implement control measures to require contractors as well as the supervision consultant to follow the contract 5. Mitigation of Impacts on Community due to Noise Pollution General Regulations The aim is to set forth the mandatory contents applied for construction activities to comply with the legal requirements of environment protection in construction; concurrently, make sure the implementation contents effective in noise reduction without additional cost.  Requirements for applicable standards: Limit on 70dBA and 55dBA during the day QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise is the criteria applicable to safety of noise of impacts generated from the project‘s operation during the construction phase.  Complying with regulations on construction organization: including: o Arranging machinery/vehicles generating noise at a location with suitable distance so that the noise spread to residential areas not exceed 70dBA and schools, temples, etc. no more than 55dBA. Rapid decrease noise level is calculated on the principle of a double increase in the distance, the noise level reduces 3dBA. o All vehicles parked at the site will stop the engine; o All construction equipments and machines will be checked every 3 month on the noise level and make the necessary repairs and adjustments to ensure safety and not cause noise exceeding standards under the guidance of United States Environmental Protection Agency. Noise from construction equipments and machines - NJID, 300.1, 31 – 12 – 1971; o Prioritizing the use of machines and vehicles with low sound emission source object to construction near sensitive to noise; o Drivers must be well educated to act properly as shutting down vehicles when not necessary and avoid unnecessary noise action as pressing the air horn when not needed while the driving vehicles. o Normally, the fixed equipments such as generators will be place far away from residential areas, if not they will be placed in the tight box to reduce the noise (recommended the brick box). Mitigation of Noise Impacts a. Description of Mitigation Measure  Complying with general regulations.  Controlling source noise level, including: o Limiting construction in night time; o During the day when the construction is executed at the site 200m from residential areas, 352 select equipments/ machines with low sound sources; o Vehicles used for transportation will be limited at the speed of 5km per hour.  Monitoring noise level: Monitoring noise level at these sensitive objects - concentrated residential areas. When the measurement result shows that the noise level in this area beyond the permissive limits on daytime, strengthening measures to control noise at source and comply with the general provisions for the construction activities that cause noise in order to set additional measures, even temporarily stop working to adjust the measures until the noise level at sensitive objects reached the permissive limits on daytime, then continue construction work. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: o Along the construction route of roads and intersections at residential areas on approach road of Go Bridge (Km88+100); Km91+000 ÷ Km91+220; Km91+760 ÷ Km91+940; Km92+800 ÷ Km93+000; Km96+100 ÷ Km96+400; Km98+500 ÷ Km98+640; Km99+320 ÷ Km99+400; Km100+700 ÷ Km100+780; Km106+400 ÷ Km107+519.05; o Vo Hoi and Dinh Vang temple, Vi Long pagoda, Nursing center, Thuy Ha secondary school.  Implementation time period: 24 construction months. Assessment on the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts The reduction of the noise at sensitive objects is highly effective through the implementation of the general regulations as well as measures to reduce noise at source and monitoring noise at receiving objects to take appropriate corrective measures. In order to ensure the feasibility of the proposed measures, the contents of the proposed measures for contractors as well as supervision contents for consultant will be included in bidding terms; according to the terms of economic contracts, the project will implement control measures to require contractors as well as the supervision consultant to follow the contract. 6. Mitigation of Impacts on Surface Water Environment and Sediment Regarding Impacts Generated from the Construction of the Route, Bridge approach Roads a. Controlling the risk of degradation or soil spilling in embankment earthwork, transverse draining culvert and material storage a1. Description of Mitigation Measure With the aim of controlling risk of surface water pollution and reduced irrigation capacity in the irrigation canals and located adjacent to or cut through by the road due to sedimentation and erosion during excavation of road foundation, transverse ditch and material storage, especially 353 for the ponds partly acquired.  Limiting the construction scope: The construction area is limited within land acquisition scope. The temporary organic soil yard will be re-used or soil for construction of road foundation shall be stored in this area. Arranging soil/ material yard at least 50m away from water sources during road construction.  Sensible organization of construction: In case of rain, temporary yard will be covered with geotextile to prevent rain from causing erosion. The road foundation shall be executed and calculated to be compacted before the rain.  Placing mud-collecting barriers: At the construction cut through the ponds and canals, placing barriers to keep sediment just let the water run out. Mud barrier is placed between the construction location and water sources. The barriers are made of geotextile, buried deep into the ground at least 10cm and reinforced to avoid falling. Mud was stopped before the barrier will be cleared so that it will not be spilled and allow water to drain easily, this kind of mud shall not be used for road foundation, but treated as disposed soil. In rainy season, the barriers should be regularly maintained at least every two day to be operated effectively. The barriers will be removed after the ground has been cleaned.  Creating temporary drains to collect water runoff: Arranging temporary drains between the road construction site and water from ponds, canals and canals to collect rainwater runoff. The drains must be large enough to contain all rainwater runoff; placing nets inside the drain at suitable distance to collect sedimentation. b2. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: Ponds at locations of Km91+920, Km95+220 ÷ Km95+380, Km95+800, Km96+240 ÷ Km96+280, Km96+390, Km96+800, Km97+100 ÷ Km97+200, Km99+700 ÷ Km99+920, Km160+300, Km106+855; canal Km96+300 ÷ Km96+800 (right side), Km105+500 ÷ Km106+100 and field rivers such as Bac culvert Km99+955, Ngoai Trinh culvert – Km106+484 ; Diem Ho village in sections of Km92+200 ÷ Km92+800, Km97+500 ÷ Km98+460;  Implementation time period: 24 construction months. Regarding Impacts Generaged from Construction of Bridges a. Control of drilling mud from construction of bridge abutment, pier using earth drilling technology that use bentonite a1. Description of Mitigation Measure With the aim of preventing the risk of surface water pollution in the project area and damage to wetland ecosystems because drilling mud - soil mixed with bentonite and bentonite spilled in the construction of bored piles using bentonite of bridge abutment, piers, especially for piers adjacent to the flow edge. 354  Complying with general regulations: It is strictly forbidden to dispose to the surrounding environment the drilling mud – soil mixed bentonite and bentonite spilled during the construction of bridge abutment, pier with earth drilling technology that uses bentonite.  Making partitions to prevent the spillage into the surrounding environment: Making steel partitions in the flow direction (for the pier on the flow edge) and soil partitions on land. The partitions must be higher than the ground so that dirt cannot be spilled out. Area of the partition frame must be large enough to implement the entire construction process of the pile of foundation and abutment.  Strictly following treatment procedure of soil mixed bentonite and spilled bentonite: Under construction process, each pile will have pit storing bentonite for reuse. After each construction of one pile, holes need to be filled. Therefore, soil and bentonite arise when drilling holes will be collected and buried in the pits. Bentonite spill and a soil mixed residual bentonite will be transferred into temporary yard, near the foundation construction area, abutment within the land acquisition, preliminary drying for easy transport. Then treated as ordinary solid waste, details are presented in the waste management section below. a2. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: on the construction site of abutments, piers of Go Bridge;  Implementation time period: 3 months of earth drilling for abutment/pier of Go Bridge. b. Regarding risk of scattering of solid substances during construction of temporary bridge and superstructure of Go Bridge b1. Description of Mitigation Measure With the aim of preventing risk of pollution of surface water, wetland ecosystems and damage to irrigation, the measures for prevention and processing solid substances dropping during construction of bridges shall be implemented as follows:  Treating garbage, waste during construction of bridges: It is strictly forbidden to dispose garbage, waste arising from the construction activities to surface water flow. Arranging trashes, temporary dump near the construction area for collecting garbage and waste. Then, moving to the centralized waste storage area of the site for further treatment as stated in the "waste management" section below.  Cleaning the concrete slabs before assembling: The joint position of the beams, concrete slabs will be cleaned on land before assembling by breaking and pieces of excess concrete (mavia). These pieces of concrete are waste collected and treated as mentioned in the "waste management" section below. b2. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: Go Bridge construction area; 355  Implementation time period: 9 months of Go Bridge‘s superstructure examination. c. Clearing, restoration of river beds and banks at bridge construction area c1. Description of Mitigation Measure With the aim of preventing the risk of long-term pollution of river water environment during bridge construction, the following measures shall be applied:  Cleaning river bed upon construction: Removing all the temporary works including iron, steel, cofferdam, excess concrete by equipments such as excavators, bucket, crane, etc. After removal, waste will be collected and treated as solid waste at the site. Details are presented in the waste management section below.  Removing and stabilizing the riverbank after construction: Removing all scattered rocks, cofferdam around piers, along the river and the bridge area and the banks are consolidated in accordance with the design. c2. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: In Hoai river construction site of Go Bridge;  Implementation time period: After completion of Go Bridge construction. Regarding Impacts Generated from the Activities of the Construction Site a. Regarding risk of loss of waste oil and water pollution by oil in oily discharge from motorbike maintenance station on the construction site a1. Measure description With the aim of controlling and managing waste oil as hazardous waste in accordance with current regulations and preventing oil in wastewater from motorbike maintenance station on the site; the following measures shall be applied:  Managing waste oil: Machine oil shall be periodically replaced, stored in labeling barrels and placed in the roofed house with high floor to avoid flooding and waterproof, having barrier bank to easily collect in case of spilling outside. Waste oil will be further treated as described in the "waste management" section below. a2. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: in construction site of Go Bridge (Km88+100), road construction sites at Km95+000, Km105+000;  Implementation time period: 12 months for Go Bridge jobsite, 24 months for 02 road construction site. b. Regarding domestic waste from worker’s site huts on the construction site b1. Measure description 356 With the aim of preventing risk of water eutrophication and toxicity of wetland ecosystems on rivers, canals due to waste from the site huts on each construction site, the following measures shall be applied:  Treatment of washing wastewater: Washing wastewater will be reused for moisturize road surface or the places where dust can spread on site.  Treatment of life wastewater: On each site, in addition to washing wastewater reused as mentioned above, the wastewater from canteens will be pre-treated not to create pollution sources forming organic matters in natural water by the decomposition of uneaten food. Wastewater from the canteens will be directed to the shallow sand tank (about 70cm deep), about 10m2 wide to avoid absorbing down the underground water system after through manholes with nets for collection of solid substances and waste in holes. After permeable through the sand to flow into the drainage system of the site before joining the flow. Replace the sand every week. 3m3 of sand replaced each week can be considered waste after preliminary washing and treated as waste soil.  Using movable toilets: Using movable toilets at each site. Waste from portable toilets will be collected under economic contracts with the urban environment companies of the Dong Hung and Thai Thuy districts. The contracts will be executed before the project is prepared for construction.. c2. Location and implementation time period  Location: In 03 jobsites including bridge construction site (Go Bridge) and road construction sites at Km95+000, Km105+000.  Implementation time period: 12 months for Go Bridge construction site, 24 months for 02 road construction sites. c. Regarding risk of pollution from rainwater runoff on the surface of the site c1. Measure description With the aim of controlling dirt penetrated into natural waters by rainwater runoff on the surface of the site, the following measures shall be also applied:  Drainage on site: the plan of the site will be designed to ensure the collection of rain water on the surface of the site, not flowing through the area with surface contaminants such as petroleum store and does not cause flooding. Rainwater drainage system in the surface in construction sites includes collection ditches, and manholes. Rainwater shall be collected and directed to the canal through manholes with nets for garbage collection. After water in manholes shall be over flown through the grass before flowing into natural flowing water bodies.  Review of the location of discharging water into canals: Inspecting the location of irrigation canal, canals and irrigation system every week to measure the solid waste collection and 357 other contaminants, to ensure that the contaminants from the site shall not follow the water infiltrated into irrigation water when opening culverts. Collected waste will be treated in the order presented in "waste management" section below.  Clean the surface of the ground: Collecting the dirt on the ground to prevent the contamination of the surrounding water.  A crushed stone layer should be paved on the surface of the construction site; this layer shall either reduce dust or being able to filter the dirt on the surface as raining. c2. Location and implementation time period  Position: In 03 jobsites including bridge construction site (Go Bridge) and road construction sites at Km95+000, Km105+000.  Implementation time period: 12 months for Go Bridge jobsite, 24 months for 02 road construction sites. Assessment on the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts Most measures have good performance because they are established on the basis of prevention eliminating the risk of increasing levels of water pollution by TSS, floating objects. The measures are also highly feasible because the area is large enough, the amount of waste is not much. Water flowing from canteens to the environment only through preliminary treatment to capture the decomposed organic substances is a appropriate and feasible measure because the construction of wastewater treatment in aerobic tank in the field is not feasible due to large expenditures on construction and demolition after construction and create unpleasant odors on site. However, the water flow were pre-treated and joint into drainage flowing through the grass field before jointing into surface water have increased cleaning efficiency of organic matters in wastewater. Many measures comply with regulations on work safety, sanitation and construction organization. Therefore, the implementation contents for the contractor as well as the supervision consultant will be included in bidding terms; under the terms of economic contracts, the project will implement cross-check measures to request the Contractor as well as coordinators to perform well the contract. Feasibility of the recommended measure is high. 7. Regarding Impacts on Undergroundwater Description of Mitigation Measure In order to prevent the risk of groundwater contamination in earth drilling using bentonite, following measure shall be also applied:  Construction of cofferdam for stopping dirt water invading at the well casing: the cofferdam surrounding the support pier of casing shall be installed during the time of drilling of each pile and maintained in the whole process of pile construction to prevent surface dirt water invading into the casing and into the drilling pits. 358 Location and Implementation Time Period  Implementation location: Go Bridge (Km88+100).  Implementation time period: during the construction of bore piles. Assessment on the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts Mitigation measures are easy to implement. The use of cofferdam will avoid the basic substance spill through wall affecting the groundwater quality. Residual impacts are insignificant. 8. Regarding Impacts on Soil Environment For the Risk of Soil Pollution due to Waste Oil and Solid Waste a. Description of Mitigation Measure The risk of soil contamination from waste oil and solid waste arising from the operation of construction sites can be prevented through measures of solid waste and hazardous waste management (presented in section of waste management below) b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: In 03 jobsites including bridge construction site (Go Bridge) and road construction sites at Km95+000, Km105+000.  Implementation time period: 12 months for Go Bridge construction site, 24 months for 02 road construction site. Regarding Risk of Soil Spillage and Sedimentation of Eroded Soil Due to Rain during Excavation a. Description of Mitigation Measure Preventing risks of mud and soil sedimentation down to the low-lying land area (arable land or residential land) from the construction activities like excavation, backfill, temporary storage of material and unsuitable materials which cause degrade the quality of arable land or causing slippery, muddy in residential areas, following measures are applied:  Finishing construction and compacting tightly: in the rainy season, from May to September, finish construction on each foundation and compacting to avoid erosion by rain, check the foundation before the rain, if case of erosion, reinforcing more.  Collecting and immediately transporting waste soil/rock to dumping sites: Waste rock and soil will be collected on the temporary dumping yards inside the land acquisition area. This amount of waste will not be stored in long-term in the interim storage yards until construction is completed but moved to the dumping sites which are approved by local authorities. Especially in rainy season (from May to September), it will not be stored in the temporary dumping yards but will be transported to the dumping sites approved by local authorities immediately. In the case it could not be transported, waste soil and rock must be covered to prevent rain and quickly moved to the dumping sites. 359  Creating appropriate dumping sites: o Dumping sites are not allowed at the residential areas or areas with high concentration of economic activities of which elevation is lower than the construction site elevation. o Within the land acquisition range, dump yards shall be arranged with the area of each yard shall not exceed 25m2 and stored soil piles shall not be higher than 1.5m to facilitate covering to avoid erosion in case of rains and dust dispersion in strong winds. The temporary dump yards shall be surrounded with fences made of geotextile. The geotextile fence shall be buried on the ground of 15cm to 20cm deep and supported by the poles driving deep down firmly.  Installing of mud barrier: Not only in the rainy period, the installation of mud barriers for prevention of sedimentation and soil spill to surrounding area shall be implemented. Mud barrier are installed at the outer edge of the land acquisition border to surrounding land, according to the section of the route not to interfere the construction. Barrier made of geotextile, buried deep into the ground at least 10cm and reinforced to avoid falling. After finishing each section, the barrier is taken up, cleaned and re-used for the next stage.  Cleaning areas with spilled soil: In the event of the mud spill to agricultural land along two sides of the new route, these areas will be cleaned and returned to the original state. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: At the construction sites adjacent to the rice fields on the right side of the route Km91+000 ÷ Km91+500, Km92+100 ÷ Km92+360, Km92+500 ÷ Km95+700, Km95+800 ÷ Km96+100, Km96+800 ÷ Km98+450, Km98+600 ÷ Km99+760, Km100+100 ÷ Km100+500, Km105+000 ÷ Km105+300; rice fields on the left side of the route Km91+200 ÷ Km91+700, Km102+700 ÷ Km104+120, Km104+200 ÷ Km104+500, Km104+640 ÷ Km106+200.  Implementation time period: 24 months. Prevention and Treatment of Soil Compression a. Description of Mitigation Measure  Preventing the risk of soil compression: limit the scope of construction in the scope of land acquisition range and service roads by piles. Vehicles are allowed to operate within this limit only.  Handling in case of negligence: In case of negligence, vehicles encroach beyond the limited scope; loosen land by plowing the abused land at least 0.3m deep.  Treatment of temporary land occupation area: After construction, in the area which construction sites are located and service roads on site, in addition to cleaning surfaces, loosen land by plowing it at least 0.5 m deep before handing over to the owner. 360 b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: At the construction sites adjacent to the rice fields on the right side of the route Km91+000 ÷ Km91+500, Km92+100 ÷ Km92+360, Km92+500 ÷ Km95+700, Km95+800 ÷ Km96+100, Km96+800 ÷ Km98+450, Km98+600 ÷ Km99+760, Km100+100 ÷ Km100+500, Km105+000 ÷ Km105+300; rice fields on the left side of the route Km91+200 ÷ Km91+700, Km102+700 ÷ Km104+120, Km104+200 ÷ Km104+500, Km104+640 ÷ Km106+200; 03 construction sites.  Implementation time period: 24 months. Assessment of Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts Mitigation measures developed on the basis of causes and impacts for the purpose of reducing immediately from source simultaneously with the processing of the consequences will be highly effective. Simple techniques are simple, suitable to the contractors‘ capacity. Res idual impacts are acceptable. However, it is inevitable that vehicles shall encroach beyond the defined boundary. In this case, the project is committed to restoring this land as stated above. On the other hand, during construction, contractors often avoid implementing many environmental measures if not directly influence the construction contents due to concerns about the progress and increased costs. Therefore, to increase the feasibility of the proposed measures, implementation costs will be calculated to be included in total investment of the project and the implementation contents will be included in the bidding terms. In terms of economic contracts, the project will monitor and ask the contractor to comply with the contract, ensure the feasibility of the proposed measures. 9. Regarding Impacts on the Ecosystem Mitigation measures of impacts on the ecosystem are those for mitigation of dust pollution, mitigation measures of solid waste spillage from construction on the bridge, mitigation measures of waste oil from the activities on construction sites; waste from workers‘ living activities as mentioned above. 10. Regarding Impacts on Transportation Regarding the Risk of Road Traffic Disruption during Construction of Go Bridge and Road Section Coinciding with Existing NH39 a. Description of Mitigation Measure With the aim of preventing and limiting traffic disruption on the existing road when construction of existing road and intersection expansion and Go Bridge, the following measures shall be applied:  Complying with general regulations: o Implement successive construction by each section. o Firstly, construction of the expansion road portion until its asphalt concrete layers, then 361 the embankment and pavement of the existing road part of NH39 will be started. o Traffic can be operated on the expanded road part. o The construction equipment and machinery will only operate in the construction site. o The temporary dumping yards are arranged inside the land acquisition area. In case of soil dropping in the traffic roads, it is required to be cleared immediately by removal and clean up. o Daily clean the road surface for transportation. o The drivers of the project and the construction workers shall be trained of traffic safety and commit to comply with regulations on traffic safety. o Coordinating with local traffic police for dealing with the problems relating to traffic safety in the project area.  Installation of signs: Signs on guarding the construction area will be located on two sides along the existing road in the driving position easily observed by the drivers and at a minimum distance of 150m. Signs must meet the requirements of technical standards on traffic signs. After construction is finished, all signs will be removed  Installing guide posts and signal lights: Guide posts are placed to limit the scope of the construction. Minimum height of guide post is 75cm with wide base to ensure no damage by travelling vehicles. All posts are painted in white color and with reflective panels to ensure a clear view both at daytime and nighttime. Posts are stable under normal traffic conditions as well as when there are high winds. Lamps on guide posts are blinking lamps type A (slow flashing lights), B (fast flashing lights) will be approved by supervision engineer prior to use according to the actual conditions.  Traffic Secure: o Guiding the traffic to ensure rational flow of traffic during AC paving of existing road surface. Traffic guide men shall be arranged equipped with flags to guide the traffic movement for construction vehicles and traffic on NH39. o Construction of access roads and temporary bridge to ensure the traffic before construction of Go Bridge. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: on the whole project route  Implementation time period: 24 months. Regarding the Risk of Road Traffic Accidents and Damage to Public Facilities during Transportation of Materials, Soils and Rocks a. Description of Mitigation Measure Prevention and control of risks of unsafe traffic caused by the spilled material causing 362 slippery on the national highways and provincial roads and the risk of damage to the local road with low solid level when the road is used to transport material or waste soil/ rock.  For the provincial road and national highway: o Periodically hold training classes on road traffic law, the provisions of the shipping materials, unsuitable rock and soil and raise the transportation awareness for drivers. o Drivers are required to commit to comply strictly with the Law on road traffic control vehicles on the road. o The transport vehicles are required to ensure technical standards and according to rules on registration time period. o The vehicles carrying material or unsuitable rock and soil is specialized vehicles with lid. In case the trunk has no lid, it is required to use dedicated canvas straps on the truck for covering. Ensure materials and unsuitable rock and soil not dropping down in shipping process. o Arranging reasonable transportation time: during peak hours from 06:00 to 08:00 and 16:00 to 06:00;  When inter-commune roads are used for transportation: o Asking permission from local authorities: Obtaining written consent from local authorities on temporary use of inter-communes for the right transportation purposes; o Reasonable transportation organization: Not transporting materials and unsuitable rock and soils in the winter time people using contemporary and holidays. Project responsibility to learn, but this time around and is committed to avoid shipping but this time with a particular region; o Implementation of sanitary measures and return to original state: Make sure you clean, safe in the process of using and maintaining the road, make sure people go back to normal, safe and restored to its original state before return to the local authorities. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: NH10, NH39, communal and intervillage roads.  Implementation time period: 24 months. Assessment on the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts In fact, it is hard to eliminate the impacts on traffic, especially in areas with high traffic density. The measures are based on the content of construction, traffic status every area and level of impact can mitigate traffic jams, especially to ensure the absolute safety of traffic. The impacts shall not be remarkable if well implementation of the mitigation measures. Measures to mitigate the impact of active transport of materials recommended simple, feasible and highly effective. However, in order to ensure the residual impact acceptable, the 363 project will work with local authorities publicize contractor's transportation plan so that people have found not compliant enough plan attached to it required the construction company strictly implement the mitigation measures have been approved as well as additional measures as appropriate. The mitigation measures for public utilities are committed to the project. The progress of the project depends on the implementation of this commitment. The feasibility of the proposed measures, therefore, is considered quite high. Residual impact is negligible. 11. Regarding the Impacts on Historical Relics a. Description of Mitigation Measure In order to enhance the awareness of protection and contribution to improve the value of relics, including material and non-material value of the historical relic, the following measures shall be implemented:  Education and propaganda: raising the awareness of the responsibility to respect and protect the value of physical and intangible monuments, the project will invite officials in charge to exchange, train, and provide content about value of historical, cultural and regional works in the project area. Specific contents include: o History of the relic; o Value of the relic; o Contents related to relic protection as prescribed in 2001 Cultural Heritage Act; o Contents related to principles for identifying scope of protection area of the relic as regulated in Decree No. 92/2002/ND-CP dated 11 November 2002; o Violations that distort cultural heritage as regulated in Decree No. 92/2002/ND-CP dated 11 November 2002.  Disseminating construction rules: The construction rules will include the terms prohibiting violations to the relic and the provisions related to the discipline and reward. The rules shall be disseminated to each worker in charge of this area. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: Vo Hoi shrine, Dinh Vang temple, Historical Relics of Vi Long pagoda.  Implementation time period: 24 months. c. Assessment on efficiency of mitigation measures and residual impacts Organization of civics education on the value of relics, the provisions relating to the protection of the heritage values of the government; Besides, the rules of construction project refers to the prohibitions workers violations with sanctions implementation will create viable conditions 364 prevent harming the value of ruins. 12. Regarding Impacts due to Concentration of many Workers a. Description of Mitigation Measure  Management of workers: The project offers conditions in camps, water, electricity will ensure that workers living in camps in the health care field during construction. Registration of temporary residence for workers; education construction workers respect cultural, religious, and local beliefs prohibit drinking while performing construction, prohibits gambling in public school and scheduling (hours and hours of leisure) for workers.  Coordination with local authorities: o Coordinate with local authorities, including the Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front and the Women Association for the purpose of promoting public understanding of social evils, prostitution, and HIV epidemics in the region, etc. o Coordinate and work closely with local community hygiene as well as symptoms of the disease appear in the region o Coordinate and cooperate with local authorities in preventing and combating social evils;  Employing local labors: Take the priority in using local unskilled workers, both women and men to do common works. For some jobs require training, the contractors will be selected from among local workers hired to train for new skills so they can carry out the works well. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: 09 communes/towns of the project area.  Implementation time period: 24 months. c. Assessment on the efficiency of mitigation measures and residual impacts Mitigation measures for impacts by the concentration of workers are also the regulations on work safety and sanitation project in the construction process should be included in the bid contract. This legal bond facilitates full implementation of the proposed measures. 13. Waste Management and Treatment Establishing and Implementing Waste Management Plan during Construction a. Description of Mitigation Measure  Establishing the waste treatment plan: The project will be responsible for materials management and waste generated during the construction of a Waste Management Plan (WMP). WMP built for common waste (construction waste, etc.) and hazardous waste (waste oil). During the construction phase, WMP will be the construction units to use as a construction material for detailed procedures for managing and reporting on waste generated and moved to the materials used for the project. WMP is one of the test objects according to 365 the requirements stated in the environmental monitoring program.  Management of waste materials: waste materials are organic soil, redundant concrete mortar, soil mixed with bentonite balance after the re-use and is stored temporarily in the dump or switch to leveling in the waste dumps will be identify and deal with a local following in the steps of the project.  Managing garbage and domestic waste: Garbage and solid waste activities after collection will be categorized and stored at each site. Through economic contracts, the project will require the contractor to handle all kinds of waste according to Decree 59/2007/ND-CP dated 09/04/2007 on solid waste management and in accordance with local economy.  Managing waste oil and oily waste: collected and stored according to the instructions of staff trained in hazardous waste management in the construction field. Waste oil will be collected and handled in accordance with Circular 12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 14-Apr-2011 on hazardous waste management. b. Location and implementation time period  The measure of ―establishing waste treatment plan‖ ―managing waste‖ and ―managing garbage‖ is implemented within 24 months in the whole project.  The measure of ―managing domestic waste‖, ―managing waste oil and oily waste‖ is implemented within 24 months on 02 road construction sites and 12 months for Go Bridge construction site. Assessment on the Efficiency of Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts Develop and implement the waste management plan during construction of project commitments and regulations on work safety, sanitation and organization of construction of a transportation project. Therefore, the project to ensure the implementation of previous commitments the state management agencies in each local environment and perform content for contractors as well as content supervision consultant will be taken on a Terms recordings; under economic terms in the contract, the project will implement control measures to require contractors as well as the supervision consultant to comply with the contract. The feasibility of the proposed measures, so be sure. 14. Measure for Prevention, Mitigation of Adverse Impacts of the Project on Environment in the Operation Phase Regarding to the Impacts due to Run-off Rainwater a. Measure description Runoff water is an indirect object which creates impact sources related to waste and not related to waste on basin when it run through the basin surface. Normally, the amount of dirt on the basin surface is accumulated due to dry weather, which will reach equilibrium after 10 days. After 10 days, the deposition speed is similar to the movement speed caused by the turbulence of the air. The balance is maintained until appear the phenomenon of "clean". This phenomenon is 366 defined according to the condition of the wind speeds exceed 5.8m/s or rain exceeds 7mm/hour. Rainfall cleaned very fast dirt on the surface of the basin. From 20  30 minutes later, the concentration of contaminants in storm water runoff is negligible. Thus, the following measures will be applied to prevent the impact caused by storm water runoff which brings dirt on the road surface to the basin causing water pollution during operation phase: - Clean the surface periodically and before raining: Implement regular cleaning surface periodically (about 10 days/times) and before raining to collect dust and dirt. Thus, the level of pollution in the runoff from the first rain is very small. After the first rain, there is no or very little dirt in the runoff of the following rain within 10 days; - Implementation time: Mitigation measures are maintained in Project‘s warranty period (2 years). b. Assessment on mitigation measures and residual impacts Clean the roads to ensure the safety and well operation, profit is one of the goals of the Project owner. To ensure that the residual impacts may be acceptable, in the operation phase, the monitoring of surface water quality will be carried out to take appropriate corrective measures. Measures for Prevention and Response to Risks and Incidents Prevention of Fire/Blasting Incidents The following measures shall be applied:  Petroleum, oil used for construction equipments shall be stored in separated warehouses, away from potential sources of ignition; these warehouses are equipped with temperature monitoring devices and fire-alarming devices.  Arranging extinguishers, fire water tank, and oxygen tank regularly on the site. Fire prevention/ fighting facilities shall be regularly inspected and maintained.  Training, propagating to enhance workers‘ awareness and capacity of fire safety. The measures shall be implemented during the construction (24 months). Prevention of Work Safety Incidents In order to prevent accidents in construction, the following measures shall be applied:  The project‘s owner shall set out labor safety regulations during construction.  Establishing and implementing regular health check programs for officers and employees.  Training and providing information on industrial hygiene.  Workers are fully equipped with necessary protective equipments;  Establishing adequate communication system to ensure labor safety during the project implementation.  The project‘s owner shall establish rescue plans in case of acquisition accidents, including rescue team; organization and plans (leaders, implementation order) and necessary address to be contacted in case of emergency, including hospitals in Thai Binh province. 367 Measures for prevention and response to environmental incidents shall be conducted for the project during the construction period (24 months). Prevention of Incidents due to Natural Disasters (Storms, Heavy Rains, Floods, etc.) a. Measure description The following measures shall be applied:  Prevention of incidents due to storms, heavy rains: o Arranging manpower to regularly monitor and update the information on storm information when the weather forecast bulletins of Radio Voice of Vietnam announcing the appearance storms approaching Thai Binh and Hai Phong sea regions. o Timely notify the storm situation to all staff and workers on site throughout the project to aware for preparation to deal with storms. o Check, screen, etc. keep all works and equipments, construction machinery which can be damaged by the storm. o Covering new structures with canvas when there are storms; o There are lightning conductor system, earthing for scaffolding, steel structures during the construction of the bridge to avoid lightning. o Stop all construction activities when there are rains and storms from level 5 or higher.  Prevention of incidents due to floods: o In case of flooding (heavy rain, water rises quickly), quickly moving all construction facilities out of the site. Transporting petroleum, oil, chemicals first, then machines and equipments to safe storage places. o Setting out plans against flooding. More specifically, arranging places for gathering assets, goods, materials in case of moving. o Monitoring meteorological information regularly to make timely response plans. o Regularly getting contact with the rescuing units that are army, police and coordinating with local people. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: whole project area.  Implementation time period: 24 months. 15. Demining a. Measure description  According the Decision No. 96/2006/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on management and performance of the tasks of sweeping bombs, mines and explosive materials and Circular No. 146 2007 TT-BQP Of September 11, 2007, guiding the implementation of the prime ministers Decision No. 96 2006 QD-TTG of May 4, 2006, on management and performance of the tasks of sweeping bombs, mines and explosive materials; demining work will be carried out in and 368 around the construction site to ensure safety in the process of demining and safety confirmed by defense office handles explosive materials through economic contracts with the Project Owner.  The area, depth and safety corridor of sweeping bombs, mines and explosive materials for Project is implemented to Decision No.95/2003/QÄ?-BQP issued by Minister of Defense dated August 7th, 2003 on promulgating ―Technical process of detection and treatment of bomb, mine, explosive materials‖. b. Location and implementation time period  Implementation location: In the land acquisition area of the whole project.  Implementation time period: Prior to start Project‘s construction. 369 GENERAL SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures Each Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report or Environmental Protection Commitment (EPC) is respective for each component project which was implemented concretely and concurrently, each report has one chapter summarizing the environmental management and monitoring program. On the other hand, as required by World Bank, each environmental management plan shall be prepared for one component project and it is requested to well implement the mitigation measures outlined in the EMP for each component project to ensure that environmental issues of the project to be prevented and mitigated. This section is only a brief description of the main environmental problems of the entire project based on EIA report and EPC and is presented in Table 5.25 below. Table 5.19: Environmental Impacts and Major Mitigation Measures Main environmental Impacted locations and subjects Mitigation measures impacts The projects under Component C (rehabilitation) are likely to have strong Well implementation of EMP environmental impacts on the ambient with the major measures. air due to dust emission especially, on Air pollution NH38, NH39-1, and bridges on NH38B. Dust is defined to be generated Besides, it is also recommended due to dust at all construction sites, mining material that the pavement recycling generated locations, mixing plant locations and on technology should be considered during transportation routes. Dust pollution is while selecting the construction construction forecasted to be able to exceed the methods for pavement repair permissible limits and may be work of the road work projects in continuously happening in construction component C (maintenance). period. It is required to well performance of the EMPs and pay attention to All bridges and some route establish a system of collection relocation sections, concrete batching and treatment of wastewater, plants, camps, and machinery and waste at the work camps and equipment maintenance areas in Pollution of batching plants. construction sites of the packages in Surface Water It is recommended that component C is determined to endanger construction should be quick and pollution of rivers and irrigation canals, according to the schedule to mainly due to soil, mud and sewage ensure mitigating the generation spilling. in relation to waste and avoid the complaints of the community. Solid wastes of large amount of Apart from well implementation Solid Waste sediments are mainly concentrated in of the EMP, disposal of solid 370 Main environmental Impacted locations and subjects Mitigation measures impacts the bypass sections and bridge waste should be at a far distance construction locations at the packages away from the water sources, of component C. vulnerable positions (such as hospitals, schools and temples, pagodas). On the other hand, it is required to agreements with local authorities prior to construction commencement. It is recommended to consider and select pavement recycling technologies for repair the road pavement of projects under component B to mitigate solid waste generating. On the other hand, it should be flexible to allow local households to get excavated soil to backfill the their household works. The noise and vibration generating is Impacts due to considered to appear at all construction noise and sites. However, level of noise and EMP should be performed well vibration vibration impacts is assessed to be small to moderate. Fully implement the measures outlined in the RP report. It is recommended that land The projects of component C are acquisition and resettlement identified to have problems due to should be done thoroughly avoid implementation of land acquisition and ocrastination and prolong The social resettlement, which are mainly at affecting the general schedule of issues due to locations of bypasses construction. the project. land acquisition and Activity of land acquisition will occupy The project has designed opening resettlement the land and arise involuntary the bypasses crossing crowded resettlement impacting on livelihood of residential areas which are local communities. considered as a solution to mitigate damages due to acquisition of residential land and involuntary resettlement. Damages of The problem of damaging public Compliance with the measures Public facilities which include irrigation canals in EMP. On the other hand, Facilities and rural roads are identified to mainly it is required to ensure that in 371 Main environmental Impacted locations and subjects Mitigation measures impacts Including take place at the sites of C component any case, not to interrupt the Irrigation projects. The damages to the irrigation supply of irrigation water. Canals and canals will affect rice planting in this Rural Roads region. In case of damage occurrence or However, the problem of increasing lack of water caused by the traffic accidents in the operational project, it is required to make phase is estimated not only due to the compensation for the damages. wider roads and faster cruising speed, but mainly due to participants' sense of Increasing inspection and traffic (currently, it is an urgent penalties to traffic law problem of Vietnam transportation in violation is a good measure. general). However, to do this, government agencies at governmental level and local authorities shall take the more important roles than the project owner or management unit of the route in the future. The risk of unsafe traffic is forecasted to happen at all construction sites throughout both construction and operation phases. It is a fact that traffic accident rate is usually increased in operation phase Compliance with the because of many factors (poor requirements stated in EMP; Risk and awareness of traffic law, low quality of concurrently, it is required to Incidents of means of transport, there are too many coordinate with local traffic Industrial police or traffic inspectors to elements participating to the traffic Safety and ensure traffic safety during the on national highways including Traffic Safety. construction. animals and non-motorized vehicles, etc. while speed of traffic flow is increased) and the improved road pavement both facilitates the movement and development of economic activities and facilitates the control difficult issues to be increased Bridge works of the project is Incidents of Implement of EMP well and evaluated to have potential risk of strictly compliance with the Works collapse causing loss of life and procedures and technical Collapse property and clogging flows when regulations for construction incidents may occur 372 Table 5.20: The role of responsible stakeholder Company/ No. Responsibilities Unit DRVN is Project owner; PMU3 is representative of the project owner, is responsible for monitoring the overall implementation of the project. PMU3 will be 1 DRVN/ PMU3 responsible for financial management and for environmental related activities of the project throughout the construction phase and operation. As a department in charge of environment is set internally by PMU. This department has responsible for monitoring the implementation of WB‘s environmental safeguard policies in all stages and process of the project. These policies will be applied to all project items, Environmental including bidding, signing construction contracts, consultant Officer (under 2 contracts, assessment of documents and reports, extraordinary site PMU3) checks, appointing departments, dealing with incidents related to environmental management, etc. Environmental Officers will advise PMU‘s leaders on environmental issues to ensure that the project implementation meets all requirements of WB‘s environmental safeguard policies. The Construction Supervision consultant (CSC) will be responsible for supervising and monitoring all construction activities and for ensuring that Contractors comply with the requirements of the contracts and the EMP. The CSC shall engage sufficient number of qualified staff (e.g. Environmental Engineers) with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction project management to perform the required duties and to supervise the 3 CSC Contractor‘s performance. The Environmental Engineers shall be lead by a Workplace Safety and Environment Supervisor (SES) who shall have extensive experience (at least 5 years experience is required) in environmental management, supervision and monitoring on construction projects and be familiar with Viet Nam environmental legislatives requirements. The terms of Reference for the CSC shall be clearly stipulated in the contract signed between CSC and PMU. Based on an approved EMP, the Contractor will be responsible for establishing an EMP for each construction site area, submit the plan and receive opinions of relevant agencies, complete reports for 4 Contractor approval and implementation. In addition, it is required that the Contractor get all permissions for construction (traffic control and diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc) following current 373 Company/ No. Responsibilities Unit regulations. The contractor shall be required to appoint a competent individual as the contractor‗s on-site Safety and Environment Officer (SEO) who will be responsible for monitoring the contractor‗s compliance with the EMP requirements and the environmental specifications. Approved specific EMP and relevant papers will be the basis for management and supervision in the future. IMC shall be a professional and experienced unit in the environmental management field. IMC will, under the contract scope, provide support to PMU3 to establish and operate environmental management systems, offers suggestions for adjusting and building capacity for relevant agencies during the implementation period and monitor the Contractor‘s EMP implementation plan in both construction and operation stages. IMC Independent will also be responsible to support PMU3 to prepare monitoring Environmental reports on EMP implementation and submit these reports to 5 DONRE for approval. Monitoring Consultant (IMC) The IMC shall have extensive knowledge and experience in environmental monitoring and auditing to provide independent, objective and professional advice on the environmental performance of the project. In order to minimize conflict of interests, the IMC shall not be working in the same organization performing the EMP work, be part of the PMU3, Environmental Officer (EO) – (under PMU3) or the CSC. Coordinate with DONRE to regularly check Contractor‘s performance in accordance to current regulations, especially Ministry of 6 matters related to arrangement of fences and signs whether they Transport are following regulations, cleaning works outside fences, excavation, travelling of construction vehicles, etc. Coordinate with DONRE to regularly check Contractor‘s Ministry of performance in accordance to current regulations, especially Natural Resource 7 matters related to arrangement of fences and signs whether they and Environment are following regulations, cleaning works outside fences, (MONRE) excavation, traveling of construction vehicles, etc. DERAs (District With the role of state management in the environmental field, Environmental DERAs will be responsible for monitoring and management 8 Resources environmental issues from project implementation process in Agency) district area. 374