GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING TRAINING GUIDEBOOK Nicolina Angelou, Cindy Suh, Inka Schomer, Amanda Beaujon Marin, Giacomo Palmisano and Elisabeth Maier March 2019 © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 202-473-1000 | www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, World Bank Group, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax 202-522- 2625; email: pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover photo: © Stephan Gladieu / World Bank Page viii: © Stephan Gladieu / World Bank Page 6: © Lakshman Nadaraja / World Bank Page 9: © Li Wenyong / World Bank Page 12: © Simone D. McCourtie / World Bank Page 14: © Dana Smillie / World Bank Page 16: © Arne Hoel / World Bank Page 18: © Nicolina Angelou / World Bank Page 19: © Simone D. McCourtie / World Bank Page 21: © Simone D. McCourtie / World Bank Page 22: © Nicolina Angelou / World Bank Page 25: © Nicolina Angelou / World Bank Page 26: © Yang Aijun / World Bank Gender Gaps: © Rama George / World Bank Case Studies: © Dominic Sansoni / World Bank Gender Data: © Mariana Ceratti / World Bank Character Profiles: © Dominic Chavez / World Bank Forms: © Yang Aijun / World Bank GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING TRAINING GUIDEBOOK Nicolina Angelou, Cindy Suh, Inka Schomer, Amanda Beaujon Marin, and Giacomo Palmisano March 2019 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................iii Preface........................................................................................................................... v Acronyms......................................................................................................................vii 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................1 Who is this guidebook for?..........................................................................................1 Why is gender important for energy projects?..............................................................3 2. The Gender Tag.......................................................................................................7 What is the Gender Tag?.............................................................................................7 How is the Gender Tag different from the previous gender “flag”?................................7 What is the process for task teams and task team leaders (TTLs)? .............................8 Analysis.................................................................................................................... 8 Actions..................................................................................................................... 9 Monitoring and Evaluation...................................................................................... 10 How does the Gender Tag validation work?...............................................................11 3. Role Playing as Training Technique...................................................................13 4. The Methodology of the Training.......................................................................17 Instructions................................................................................................................17 Objective of the training.......................................................................................... 17 Format of the training............................................................................................. 17 Teamwork/breakout session......................................................................................18 Phase 1: Gender tagging the project...................................................................... 21 Phase 2: Preparing for the role play........................................................................ 23 Skit presentation........................................................................................................24 Training evaluation.....................................................................................................25 i GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK 5. Training material ..................................................................................................27 Gender gaps................................................................................................................29 Access to electricity Access to finance Access to health services Access to information Burden of disease Decision making Education Employment Entrepreneurship and productive uses of energy Public safety Selection and bidding process Case studies...............................................................................................................53 Brazil: Financial Instruments for Brazil Energy Efficient Cities (FinBRAZEEC) Colombia: Clean Energy Development Project Dominican Republic: Distribution Grid Modernization and Loss Reduction Project Haiti: Renewable Energy for All Iraq: Electricity Services Reconstruction and Enhancement Project Mexico: Additional Financing for Energy Efficiency in Public Facilities Project (PRESEMEH) West Bank and Gaza: Electricity Sector Performance Improvement Project Yemen: Emergency Electricity Project Gender data................................................................................................................71 Brazil Colombia Dominican Republic Haiti Iraq Mexico West Bank and Gaza Yemen Character profiles......................................................................................................89 Task Team Leader Social Specialist Minister of Finance or Energy Minister of Women’s Affairs Civil Society Private Sector Forms...........................................................................................................................93 Gender Tag template Evaluation form Appendix A: Role-play scenario example..............................................................99 References................................................................................................................102 ii GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This guidebook was prepared by the World Bank Latin America and Caribbean Energy and Gender (LACEG) team, in collaboration with the World Bank Gender Group. The authors of the guidebook are Nicolina Angelou (Senior Energy and Gender Consultant), Cindy Suh (Senior Operations Officer), Inka Schomer (Operations Officer), Amanda Beaujon Marin (Social Development Consultant), and Giacomo Palmisano (Gender Consultant), under the supervision of Elisabeth Maier (Senior Operations Officer). The original content of the training material was developed by Nicolina Angelou, Giacomo Palmisano, Samantha Constant and Ezgi Canpolat. The team would like to thank the peer reviewers Jennifer Solotaroff (Senior Social Development Specialist), Silvia Martinez Romero (Senior Energy Specialist) and Inka Schomer for their valuable comments. Insights offered by Cindy Suh, Maine Astonitas (Operations Officer), and Inka Schomer during the preparation of the material for our first role-play training have informed the guidebook. The team would also like to thank Alejandro Neira, Alicia Hernandez, Andrea Castro, Borja Garcia Serna, Camilla Gandini, Daniel Alvaro Diez, Ines Perez, and Irati Jimenez, consultants of the LAC Energy Unit for their participation in the pilot training and their feedback and suggestions for how to improve it. ESMAP—a global knowledge and technical assistance program administered by theWorld Bank—assists low- and middle-income countries to increase their know-howand institutional capacity to achieve environmentally sustainable energy solutionsfor poverty reduction and economic growth. ESMAP is funded by Australia, Austria,Canada, ClimateWorks Foundation, Denmark, the European Commission, Finland,France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway,the Rockefeller Foundation, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and theWorld Bank. iii GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK iv GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK PREFACE The idea to use role playing in a gender and energy training emerged a couple of years ago when I came across a manual describing Participatory Gender Training for Community Groups by the CGIAR research program on Water, Land, and Ecosystems (Leder et al. 2016). CGIAR conducted training with farmers in India and Nepal, facilitating dialogue on their gender perceptions through pictures and group discussions. The goal was to sensitize farmers and field staff to gender norms, roles, and relations and help inform and modify project interventions. The training included a role play challenging farmers to perform the opposite gender in a humorous manner, and to act and speak accordingly. This technique stuck with me. Role switching can promote a change of perspective and negotiation skills. The CGIAR training is an effective alternative to lectures, aiming to creatively initiate discussions and raise awareness. Based on participatory methods, the CGIAR team hoped to create evolving collective ideas and a critical consciousness, ultimately contributing to social change. When the World Bank Latin America and Caribbean Energy and Gender (LACEG) program was launched in April 2017, our team started planning for an internal gender training. This reflected our commitment to carry out capacity-enhancement activities targeted to World Bank task teams and clients. A major concern was to make such a training attractive to the LAC energy staff and ensure high participation rates. Our main objective was to avoid offering a training on gender based solely on presentations, with minimum interaction from participants, and instead to organize a training that actively engages participants. A gender and energy training based on role playing seemed to meet these requirements. Training based on role play, also known as “simulation exercise,” has been used in various industries, from aviation to health care to the financial sector. For instance, the World Bank’s Financial Systems Department uses simulation exercises as a tool to diagnose what is not working in existing crisis-management arrangements. The World Bank’s Crisis Simulation Exercise provides an opportunity for authorities to practice communication, coordination, and decision making in crisis situations in their given framework (Almansi, Lee, and Todoroki 2016). At the Energy and Extractives Gender retreat in September 2017, the LACEG team presented a role-play scenario simulating a meeting between a World Bank task team leader (TTL), a minister of energy, and a minister of women’s affairs. The plot is simple: a TTL tries to persuade the minister of energy to adopt gender-related activities with the project under preparation. Following positive feedback from colleagues, we developed the methodology for a role-play training in line with the World Bank Group Gender Tag methodology applied to International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/International Development Agency (IBRD/IDA) projects. Two sessions were successfully completed by the LAC Energy and Middle East and North Africa Energy teams in June 2018. This guidebook documents our methodology and provides all the necessary materials to replicate this exercise. We hope that other teams repeat this fun and rewarding role-play training. Nicolina Angelou March 2019 v GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK vi GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK ACRONYMS CGIAR formerly the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research EE energy efficiency HH household IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association LACEG Latin America and Caribbean Energy and Gender Program M&E monitoring and evaluation PAD project appraisal document PDO project development objective PRESEMEH Energy Efficiency in Public Facilities Project RE renewable energy TTL task team leader UNDP United Nations Development Program vii GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 1. Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION Who is this guidebook for? Objective. This gender and energy training has been developed based on role playing, to maximize participant engagement and interaction. This guidebook aims to enable practitioners to conduct role-playing training in gender and energy, and demonstrate the World Bank Group (WBG) Gender Tag methodology applied to International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/International Development Association (IBRD/IDA) projects. It presents the methodology and training material and provides a number of case studies. Training material consists of four types of cards—gender gaps, gender data, case studies, and character profiles—and is easily customizable and can be applied to other case studies, in other sectors as well. Audience. The training guidebook has been created to enable World Bank staff to better understand the Gender Tag methodology and to teach them how to gender tag IBRD/IDA projects. It may also be adapted and used by WBG client counterparts that wish to promote gender equality. Other development organizations may also adopt the proposed methodology and training material, adapting it to their needs. Past training sessions. This training has been conducted three times with WBG staff. Following a role-play demonstration presented at the Energy and Extractives Gender retreat in September 2017 and a pilot session in February 2018, training sessions were successfully conducted within the Latin America and Caribbean Energy and Middle East and North Africa Energy teams in June 2018 (figure 1.1). All training participants enthusiastically participated in the role-playing training. More teams across regions, but also across WB Global Practices, are welcome to use this guidebook to conduct their own role-playing training sessions. 1 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 1. Introduction FIGURE 1.1: INVITATION TO THE ROLE-PLAY TRAINING LACEG INVITATION YOUR NAME ROLE PLAY FOR ENERGY & GENDER BECOME AN ACTOR, PLAY THE ROLE OF YOUR CHOICE! TTL, Social Specialist or maybe Minister? Or energy developer? Anything is possible, you can choose a project, devise your own arguments and lead the discussion with clients OR be the client and react to World Bankers’ suggestions! LAC Energy Team will work together, inspire each other and have fun! Enter the Hall of Fame with a creative LACEG event Wednesday, June 6, 2018 from 11:00 to 13:15 Invitees: the complete LAC Energy Team Projects proposed for this event are: • Brazil Financial Instruments for Brazil Energy Efficient Cities (FinBRAZEEC) • Colombia CTF Clean Energy Development Project • Dominican Republic Distribution Grid Modernization and Loss Reduction Project • Haiti Renewable Energy for All • Mexico Additional Financing for Energy Efficiency in Public Facilities Project (PRESEMEH) Note: LACEG = Latin America and Caribbean Energy and Gender Program; TTL = task team leader; CTF = Clean Technology Fund. 2 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 1. Introduction Why is gender important for energy projects? The energy sector is gradually acknowledging the importance of integrating gender and social dimensions into interventions, and the energy-gender nexus is gaining momentum. There is a growing consensus around gender equality’s critical role in develop­ ment across sectors (World Bank 2012), but women remain more likely than men to suffer from a lack of access to energy throughout the developing world. This in turn inhibits their economic and human development (UNIDO and UN Women 2013). At the same time, the energy sector recognizes access to benefits and exposure to risk as important elements to achieve effective policy making and project design (ESMAP 2013). If at any stage of an energy project cycle, potential gender-differentiated impacts are overlooked, effectiveness, efficiency, and ultimately sustainability risk are likely undermined. Gender-blind project designs can result in unintended, negative impacts on women, are less likely to achieve project objectives, and may miss opportunities to improve overall development outcomes (ESMAP 2013). Taking into consideration the different constraints and needs of men and women when designing and implementing energy projects can enhance their sustainability. The rest of this section highlights how a gender perspective integrated throughout the operational cycle can enhance gender equality, as well as a project’s development impact. Energy interventions can improve gender equality. Access to energy can transform the lives of men and women while enhancing their productivity and effectiveness at home and at work. Women and men have different roles, responsibilities and voice within households, markets, and their communities. These differences translate into differences in their access to and use of energy, as well as in the impact of energy services on their lives (ESMAP 2013). Energy projects that consider gender aspects can maximize impacts on men and women in several areas: • Access to affordable modern energy services can reduce time and effort spent in reproductive and productive labor, especially for women who are particularly time poor. • Modern energy services can greatly reduce health risks associated with indoor air pollution, burns, and poisonings, particularly for women and children who bear the heaviest burden, due to their high exposure. • Street lighting may increase women’s and girls’ mobility after dark and in the early morning and, by improving security, reduce the risk of gender-based violence. • Reliable energy access in health facilities can significantly enhance health care provision, improve maternal care and assist childbirth. 3 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 1. Introduction • Access to information and communication technologies empowers women. • Access to modern energy services in the household can translate into more time in school and for homework for rural boys and girls. • Access to reliable and affordable modern energy services can stimulate economic activity and create employment opportunities, particularly for women. The energy sector itself can also offer employment and income- generating opportuni­ties. Energy access alone is not sufficient for driving economic activity. Additional factors are required in order to establish productive activities, such as access to finance, natural and human resources, and technology. Barriers to ownership and control over resources, illiteracy, overall lack of exposure, and poor information and training affect women more than men. Thus, energy projects should consider these external factors during preparation and implementation, to the extent possible, to maximize their impact. Energy interventions can strongly benefit from the integration of gender comes and ensure a project’s development considerations to improve project out­ impact. The energy-gender nexus has garnered growing attention, since there is evidence that improving gender equality and social inclusion is critical to maximizing the developmental impact of energy programs. As emphasized by the World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development (World Bank 2012), greater gender equality can enhance productivity, make institutions more representative, and improve development outcomes for the next generation. Energy projects can benefit from the integration of men and women into the value chain, through gender-targeted actions, across several types of interventions: • Female sales agents can increase adoption of energy solutions. Women can be important energy distributors, expanding energy access to poor and hard-to- reach customers, individually and through their networks. A growing number of energy enterprises have begun to employ women as sales representatives to reach low-income consumers at the base of the pyramid with lighting and cooking solutions. Women also help ensure that energy products reflect the priorities of women users, increasing the likelihood of adoption and continued use (IEA and World Bank 2015). • Women can play key roles as treasurers, bill collection officers, and awareness-raising ambassadors. In some countries, women are perceived as more reliable and transparent in terms of paying bills and being accountable. Women can serve as critical allies during awareness-raising campaigns as promoters of timely bill payment and safe and legal connections (Orlando et al. 2018). Some utility companies employ women as meter readers or for client-facing bill collection activities to fight electricity theft and improve bill payment. Such a practice is also likely to be effective in cases where only women are present in the household during the utility employee visit, while male members of the household may be at work, and women may not be willing to open the door to a male utility employee. 4 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 1. Introduction • Financing mechanisms targeted at women can help increase access to energy. High up-front costs of access to modern energy services may more severely affect female-headed households, often overrepresented in poorer quintiles. Low-income groups, particularly women, rarely have access to finance from formal institutions (Alstone et al. 2011). Reaching more women with financing solutions that match women’s capacity to pay has been successfully used in programs such as the Grameen Shakti, promoting solar home systems in Bangladesh (Schalatek 2009). • Targeting female consumers can facilitate the adoption of energy efficiency solutions. Women and men respond differently to energy efficiency incentives and energy use alternatives. Women are usually the primary energy users in the household, as they often perform most household chores that require energy (such as cooking, washing, or cleaning) and are therefore in good position to manage electricity use. However, women are not always involved in making decisions on use of energy sources or appliances, particularly in traditional contexts, and often lack access to finance for investing in energy- efficient appliances in their homes or businesses (ENERGIA 2006). A recent study in Europe and Central Asia finds that men are better informed and active in applying energy efficiency measures because insulation repairs are commonly perceived as a “man’s job.” Conversely, women are interested in the economic aspect of energy efficiency, such as cost and potential savings, but such information is not always accessible to them (Rebosio and Georgieva 2015). • Finally, women’s participation in the labor market provides incentives for energy efficiency. Evidence has shown that where there is a monetary opportunity cost of women’s time, households are more likely to adopt energy-saving devices and make adjustments within the family to share the burden of, for instance, fuelwood collection, thus facilitating women’s participation in economic activities (Kelkar and Nathan 2005). 5 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 2. The Gender Tag 2. THE GENDER TAG What is the Gender Tag? The Gender Tag is a mechanism to identify and track implementation of World Bank operations that seek to close gender gaps identified in the WBG Gender Strategy (2016–2023) (World Bank 2015). More specifically, the Gender Tag seeks to identify projects that contain the following three components in their project appraisal document (PAD): (i) analysis of relevant gaps in endowments, jobs, assets, or voice/agency among women and men, boys, and girls; (ii) specific actions within the project scope addressing identified gaps; and (iii) monitoring and evaluation (M&E) indicators tracking the progress of the proposed actions. The baseline of the Gender Tag for the Corporate Scorecard (CSC) and IDA18 Results Measurement System (RMS) indicators was established in FY17.1 The Gender Group has the responsibility for reviewing all IBRD/IDA operations (Investment Project Financing, Program-for-Results, and Development Policy Financing)2 for the Gender Tag on a quarterly basis, and the results are shared for quarterly corporate reporting. While the Gender Tag is first and foremost a tool for corporate reporting and monitoring of the WBG Gender Strategy (2016–2023), it is also a useful instrument for learning. For example, Global Practices and Regions can use the data from tagged projects to analyze trends in their portfolios and to monitor alignment between operations and commitments to close gender gaps as identified by the Country Management Unit (for example in the Systematic Country Diagnostic, or SCD, and the Country Partnership Framework, or CPF), regions (through Regional Gender Action Plans), and/or Global Practice (GP Follow-Up Notes). Thus, the Gender Tag is intended to prompt discussion at the project design stage on opportunities to narrow gender gaps in the four pillars of the strategy. It is not intended to be a performance indicator, nor is it intended to score or rate how well a project has addressed gender differences (World Bank 2018a). How is the Gender Tag different from the previous gender “flag”? The earlier monitoring mechanism used during the 16th and 17th replenishments of the International Development Association (IDA16 and IDA17), the gender “flag,” identified projects that included gender in any one of three dimensions: analysis, actions, or M&E. Using this standard, by FY14, the last year of IDA16, 97 percent of IDA operations were flagged as gender informed. Under IDA17, the requirements increased so that only those operations that included gender in all three dimensions were flagged as gender informed. With this stricter standard, 71 percent of IDA operations were gender informed. Clearly, the flag helped improve the ability to track gender in operations. However, the flag did not 1 The Gender Tag baseline is 50 percent. By FY20, the corporate target is to achieve 55 percent gender-tagged projects in the lending portfolio. 2 The Gender Tag does not apply to Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA), Reimbursable Advisory Services, or Knowledge Products. 7 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 2. The Gender Tag capture the gender gap targeted by the operation or provide other information on the actions the project intended to implement or indicators used in the results framework. Nor did it capture whether there was a logical connection between the analysis, actions, and indicators. The Gender Tag on the other hand, focuses on the quality and depth of the project’s outcomes by requiring a clear results linkage across gender gap analysis, related action, and monitoring, rather than on processes and quantitative measurement alone (World Bank 2018a). What is the process for task teams and task team leaders (TTLs)? At project preparation, teams are encouraged to ask the following Gender Tag questions at each of the three dimensions to guide the design of operations (World Bank 2018a). ANALYSIS Is there an analysis of relevant gaps between males and females (related to human endowments, jobs, assets, voice/agency) identified in the SCD, CPF, or elsewhere relevant to the project development objective (PDO)?3 Based on the WBG Gender Strategy (2016–2023), all Regional Gender Action Plans attempt to identify relevant gaps that should be addressed by operations in a country portfolio. In addition, SCDs can point TTLs to the most salient gaps to be addressed in a country context, while Global Practice Follow-up Notes articulate the gaps relevant to key sector operations. The analysis in the PAD should refer to these and/or other documents to identify the gender gaps in human endowments, jobs, assets (such as land or finance), and voice/agency that can be addressed within the scope of the project. Based on the analysis, teams should identify which existing gaps are likely to constrain project development outcomes and how closing the gaps could enhance the achievement of project results. For example, financial sector operations can facilitate women’s access to finance by collecting sex-disaggregated data and designing interventions, such as establishing moveable collateral registries, developing tailored products, and supporting women entrepreneurs. In another example, infrastructure projects can open business opportunities for women- led firms to participate as contractors, by developing inclusive procurement mechanisms and establishing opportunities and targets for women to participate in jobs in the sector or to hold leadership positions in utility companies. All civil works should take steps to prevent the risk of sexual harrassment and sexual exploitaton and abuse. Gender disparities should be analyzed using quantitative and qualitative data from academic and gray literature, information from consultations or citizen 3 Other resources include the WBG Gender Strategy, Strategic Environmental Assessment, the Social Analysis and Poverty and Social Impact Analysis, as well as other Advisory Services and Analytics (for example, poverty assessments and sector studies, Gender Data Portal, financial inclusion data (Findex), education statistics (EdStats), Global Health Observatory data, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Key Economic Indicators database, and UNData. 8 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 2. The Gender Tag engagement initiatives with males and females and/or NGOs, and studies produced by line ministries or international agencies. The analysis should include the specific gaps that the project can address.4 A specific baseline on the existing gender gap should be mentioned. In cases where teams do not have data, a proxy based on national statistics or other available data can be used. ACTIONS Does the project propose specfic actions to address the gender gaps identified in the analysis? The team should consider what actions will be taken during project preparation and implementation to address the identified gender disparities relevant to the PDO. The actions should be reflected in the project document and described in the relevant project components.5 There are three types of actions to consider. Mitigation actions focus on actions that mitigate unanticipated consequences or risks that the project may create, such as the risk of gender-based violence (GBV) or displacement of women from key assets such as land, housing, or livelihoods. Some of these mitigating activities may fall within the scope of safeguards—for example, providing compensation to displaced communities for men, women, and children or following the guidance provided by the “Good Practice Guidance Note Addressing Gender-Based Violence in Investment Project Financing Involving Major Civil Works” for labor influx (World Bank 2018b). While these can provide innovative mechanisms, use of them does not necessarily mean that a gender gap will be narrowed. For a project to be gender- 4 Projects will likely not be able to address all gender disparities identified in the Gender Strategy. 5 In the case of Developing Policy Financing projects, these are actions taken by government as part of the operation. 9 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 2. The Gender Tag tagged, teams should design actions that go beyond safeguards and mitigating unanticipated consequences of the intervention. Ensuring equal oportunities to males and females through actions that aim to address gaps between them in access to opportunities and resources can have significant results. For example, any employment that may be created as a result of the project, entrepreneurship opportunities that may be provided to firms, or changes to regulations (such as banking laws) can provide avenues to address gender gaps. Closing gaps that directly address the four pillars of the Gender Strategy can provide a useful structure for change. These include financial inclusion, agricultural productivity, occupational sex segregation, and gaps in participation in governance structures for the delivery of local services that may be relevant to the project objectives.6 It is important to note that addressing gender does not mean rectifying only female disadvantage. Males can also be disadvantaged, for example, when they experience lower school enrollment or higher dropout rates, as in some countries in the Europe and Central Asia and Latin American and Carribean regions. Men can also play an important role in improving household nutrition and health outcomes and in preventing GBV. MONITORING AND EVALUATION Are there indicators to monitor how the planned actions will be tracked in terms of closing the identified gaps? These indicators should be part of the project’s results chain and linked to the project’s PDO level or intermediate outcomes. The results framework can include quantitative indicators that are based on sex-disaggregated statistical data (from surveys or from administrative records, for example, education attainment or enrollment rates for boys compared to girls). They may also include qualitative indicators that capture people’s experiences, perceptions, attitudes, or feelings (for example, assessment of education outcomes among boys and girls). Indicators may be at the process, output, or outcome levels as appropriate, and baseline data should be collected in order to set the targets for the indicator. Where baseline data is not available, the project document should provide an alternative way to track progress. For example, starting from a baseline of N/A or 0, the indicator could measure incremental changes in values throughout the project implementation to demonstrate progress. As good practice, all person-level indicators (for example, youth employment rates, farmer access to new technology, and customers with new bank accounts) should be sex- disaggregated so that potential differential outcomes can be tracked. 6 Such structures include water and sanitation user committees, energy utilities steering committees, and roads authority decision-making bodies. 10 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 2. The Gender Tag How does the Gender Tag validation work? Following the task team’s trigger in the World Bank’s Operations Portal at the Project Concept Note and appraisal stages, a corporate review process takes place to determine whether the project meets the Gender Tag criteria. As mentioned, at the end of each quarter, the Gender Group reviews all board-approved projects (specifically, the PADs) and shares its preliminary assessment with the project TTLs, Global Practice Gender Leads, as well as Regional Gender Focal Points. At this time, task teams have the opportunity to compare their earlier self-rating with the assessment of the Gender Group, and request a reassessment if they believe that their project meets the Gender Tag criteria (linked analysis, action, and M&E) but has not been assessed as such (figure 2.1). This validation process is done via an online portal (Gendertag). The final Gender Tag data is shared with senior management and published in the Standard Reports; the data is also aligned with corporate requirements under IDA18 and the Corporate Scorecard. Task teams are expected to monitor the project performance and progress toward closing the identified gender gaps in Implementation Status and Results reports and at completion. Those projects that have been tagged will be asked to assess and rate the project’s performance in closing the targeted gender gaps against the identified indicators. FIGURE 2.1: GENDER TAG VALIDATION PROCESS GENDER GROUP GP/REGION/ GENDER GROUP ASSESSMENT TTLs COMPLETED AND DATA PUBLISHED Gender Accept Tagged tagged Gender Gender Project Request Group reviews Group approved reassessment PAD reassesses Not tagged No action Not tagged Note: GP = Global Practice; PAD = Project Appraisal Document; TTL = Task Team Leader. 11 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 3. Role Playing as Training Technique 3. ROLE PLAYING AS TRAINING TECHNIQUE Role playing is an active and participatory learning technique that facilitates interaction among participants in a simulated scenario. Participants assume a role and act out an imaginary scenario that closely mirrors a real world situation that could occur in their work environment. Role play allows participants to experience challenging situations while interacting with each other in a structured way; it enables them to acquire experience and explore different strategies in a supportive environment (Glover 2014). Participants may play a role similar to their own (or one they may have in the future) or play the opposite side of the interaction. Both options provide a substantial learning experience—the former allowing them to accumulate experience, and the latter helping them develop an understanding of the situation from the opposite point of view. Participants are given specific roles to play in a conversation (or other interaction, such as an email exchange) typical of their craft. They are given instructions on how to act or what to say—to an aggressive client, for instance—or are required to act and react following their own judgment, depending on the purpose of the exercise (Glover 2014). Role cards and other material may be distributed to participants for support. A discussion may follow the activity in order to analyze the interactions that took place and suggest alternative ways of dealing with it. The scenario can be acted again with changes based on the discussion. Participants leave with as much information as possible, and they are more likely to handle similar scenarios efficiently in real life (Fuller 2018). The objective of role playing is for participants to learn, develop, or improve skills and competencies. Using role playing during training is also an effective way to act out a situation expressly for further discussion and analysis.  Role plays can help participants identify problems, share experiences, and discuss possible solutions (Priestley 2016). Role playing is also useful for sparking brainstorming sessions and approaching situations from different perspectives (MindTools n.d.). It helps open participants’ minds about issues they may face in their work, it encourages creative thinking, and it stimulates the motivation and involvement necessary for learning to occur. “As a general rule, people learn better when they actively participate in the learning process. This is particularly true of skills and attitudes” (SVAW n.d.). “Active learning” is one way to achieve deep learning, not only through the retention of facts, but also by remembering and conceptualizing experiences (Kilgour et al. 2015). Active learning is “the process of having students engage in some activity that forces them to reflect upon ideas and how they are using those ideas,” according to J. Michael (2006, 160). They experience and remember facts, concepts, and feelings. A. Bixler (2011, 75) notes, “Students must participate mentally, as opposed to passively listening to a lecture or unthinkingly following directions.” 13 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 3. Role Playing as Training Technique Role playing is a social activity. It promotes effective interpersonal relations and social transactions among participants (Tompkins 1998). Participant interaction encourages individuals to come together to find solutions and get to know how their colleagues think (Fuller 2018). “In order for a simulation to occur, the participants must accept the duties and responsibilities of their roles and functions, and do the best they can in the situation in which they find themselves,” notes K. Jones (1982, 113). To fulfil their role responsibilities, participants must relate to others in the simulation, using effective social skills. It is an ideal method for people to realize the interdependent nature of social interactions. 14 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 3. Role Playing as Training Technique With proper implementation, role playing can be a powerful training tool, offering multiple benefits. It provides a safe environment in which to explore a wide range of scenarios and allows participants to practice arguments, such as justifying gender interventions in energy projects. By preparing for a situation using role play, participants build experience and self-confidence in handling the situation and can develop quick and instinctively correct reactions. They are more likely to react effectively as real-life situations evolve rather than make mistakes, use inappropriate language, or become overwhelmed by events (MindTools n.d.). Good role playing requires good listening skills. Attention to body language and nonverbal cues is equally important. Role playing allows participants to gain experience in handling difficult situations and in developing creative problem-solving skills (Buelow 2014). This guidebook presents a role play–based training that will lead to in-depth understanding of gender tagging a project, and it will enhance the ability of participants to make the best case for gender interventions in energy projects. 15 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 3. Role Playing as Training Technique 16 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 4. The Methodology of the Training 4. THE METHODOLOGY OF THE TRAINING Instructions The training facilitator introduces the session, describing the format and objective of the training and linking it to the Gender Tag methodology applied to IBRD/IDA projects. A detailed agenda is then presented (table 4.1). OBJECTIVE OF THE TRAINING The objective is for participants to learn how to gender tag energy projects, in a fun and interactive fashion. Since the WBG launched the Gender Tag methodology applied to IBRD/IDA projects in FY17 and set a target under IDA18 for at least 55 percent of operations to fulfil the tag criteria, project teams need to consider gender in project design. The role play exercise aims to prepare participants to handle challenging situations regarding the integration of activities targeting men and women into energy projects. Thus, the objective of the training is also for participants to learn how to interact with difficult clients and become familiar with a diverse set of arguments encouraging gender inclusion. FORMAT OF THE TRAINING The session starts with a ten-minute presentation on the Gender Tag rationale and the potential gender gaps that energy projects may be able to address (box 4.1). Each participant is then asked to select a case study from the list provided.7 Once groups are formed, breakout sessions start in separate rooms. The training is dedicated almost exclusively to teamwork and role playing. Groups are expected to spend around 60 minutes working on their case study before each team performs a 10-minute skit. Teams include three to six members. Role playing requires proper preparation and acting. The participants should be given enough time to prepare. A training session with 15 to 30 participants may end up with five skits, lasting approximately one hour. 7 To maximize time efficiency in carrying out this task, it is recommended that moderators circulate a sheet on which each participant writes its name and a case study of interest. Each case study needs at least three but no more than six participants, depending on the number needed for the activity. If a case study does not gather enough participants, the moderator needs to shift people to ideally have four or five people on each case study. 17 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 4. The Methodology of the Training TABLE 4.1: ROLE PLAY TRAINING AGENDA Time Activity 5 min. Welcome Objective and format of the session 10 min. Presentation Gender Tag rationale and gender gaps 5 min. Case study selection and team formation Each participant selects a project and teams are formed (three to six people). 60 min. Teamwork in groups Teams discuss how to integrate gender into the project. Teams prepare for the role play (simulation of a meeting between a World Bank team and the client). 60 min. Skits (five groups) Each group presents a 5- to 10-minute skit. 10 min. Wrap-up Award and feedback forms Total: 2 hours and 30 minutes Teamwork/breakout session Each participant receives the training material in a folder, including a case study card, describing an energy project; a gender data card, presenting a list of country-level gender indicators; gender gap cards, and character cards (photo 4.1). The teamwork is then divided into two phases: (i) gender tagging the project and (ii) preparing for the role play. PHOTO 4.1: FIVE CASE STUDY FOLDERS FOR TRAINING IN THE LAC ENERGY TEAM 18 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 4. The Methodology of the Training BOX 4.1: GENDER TAG PRESENTATION A project can be gender tagged if the PAD includes three components: analysis, actions, and indicators (figure B4.1.1). Analysis. The PAD should identify what gender gaps the project is aiming to address and show how those gender gaps are expected to affect the PDO. Actions. The PAD should then specify what actions the project shall take to address the gender gap(s) identified by the analysis. Indicators. Finally, a gender-tagged PAD needs to include indicators in the results framework that will measure progress toward closing the gender gap(s). Indicators should be at the outcome level. There are several gender gaps that teams may consider, across the four strategic objectives of the WBG Gender Strategy (figure B4.1.2). A selection of 11 gender gaps is included in this training guidebook (see Gender Gap cards in the training material of the publication). FIGURE B4.1.1: GENDER TAG RATIONALE RESULT CHAIN ANALYSIS ACTIONS M&E What gender gap(s) What interventions What indicators will affecting the PDO, will address the measure progress? are to be addressed? gap(s)? Support mechanisms Identify gaps in outcomes Design interventions to measure changes in between women and men addressing the gaps outcomes between women in a given sector or project between women and men. and men. context. 19 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 4. The Methodology of the Training BOX 4.1: GENDER TAG PRESENTATION (CONTINUED) FIGURE B4.1.2: GENDER GAPS IN WBG GENDER STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES* HUMAN ENDOWMENTS MORE AND BETTER JOBS Access to health services CSR and gender policies Burden of disease Employment Early childhood development Entrepreneurship Education and training Gender wage gap Maternal mortality Selection and bidding process Social safety nets Unpaid work OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL OF ASSETS VOICE AND AGENCY Access to assets Access to information Access to electricity Child marriage Access to finance Civic participation Access to land Decision making Access to technology Engaging men and boys Gender-based violence Political representation * Gender gaps highlighted in blue are presented in this guidebook. Public safety Note: CSR = corporate social responsibility. 20 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 4. The Methodology of the Training PHASE 1: GENDER TAGGING THE PROJECT Participants read through the material and discuss how to gender tag the project (photo 4.2). The facilitator guides the team through the process and provides real-time feedback on the members’ decision at each step. This phase should last at least 30 minutes. Step A: Select gender gap(s) relevant to the project scope Learn about the project. Participants analyze the project description,8 comprising the project development objective, a presentation of the beneficiaries and the project components, as well as the results framework. Then they begin thinking about relevant gender gaps that the project could address. Identify gender gaps. Gender gap cards help participants identify the rationale of the Gender Tag that applies to the project. Participants discuss and select relevant gender gaps to address. Explore gender data. Participants may turn to the gender data card for evidence. This card includes country-level gender disaggregated data from the World Bank’s Gender Data Portal.9 Additional data can be collected from the SCD and the CPF.10 Also, knowledge and data tools to track progress on the Sustainable Development Goal on Energy (SDG7) are provided under the 8 The project description is a short extract of the PAD. 9 The Gender Data Portal is found at http://datatopics.worldbank.org/gender/. 10 SCD reports can be found at https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/23099. CPFs are located at https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/23100. 21 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 4. The Methodology of the Training ESMAP/World Bank Energy and Extractives Global practice Knowledge Hub.11 Finally, participants can decide to collect primary data at the project level from the client or other stakeholders. Step B: Devise appropriate actions Actions. The team discusses what type of actions will be integrated into the project design and agrees on the level of ambition. Examples of actions can be found in the gender gap cards. Budget. The team starts to consider the budget that will be allocated to carry out gender actions and for supervision. Participants may also add a gender expert to the project team. Step C: Adopt appropriate indicators Indicators. The team selects appropriate indicators to track a transformative effect. Examples of indicators can be found in the gender gap cards. Baseline. The team sets a baseline against which a target value will be established. Country-level data from the gender data card can be used or primary data can be collected. Target. The team sets a realistic target to be reached by the end of the project. PHOTO 4.2: TEAMWORK SESSION During this exercise, the team should collectively fill in the Gender Gap Template, clarifying the selected gap(s), action(s), and indicator(s) (see form in the training material of the publication). 11 Four complementary initiatives are being implemented: The SDG7 Tracking is a comprehensive tool to track progress on access to energy, renewable energy, and energy efficiency. The Multi-Tier Framework is a tool that captures in more detail other dimensions of energy (such as duration, reliability, quality, and affordability) to provide more accurate data on the actual services households receive. Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy (RISE) is a scorecard that captures what policies are in place to facilitate progress on SDG7. And the State of Electricity Access Report (SEAR) provides a qualitative assessment of success stories on accelerating access toward SDG 7.1. All these tools include information on gender aspects of the energy sector. 22 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 4. The Methodology of the Training PHASE 2: PREPARING FOR THE ROLE PLAY Once the team agrees on what gender gap(s) the project will address (and how), participants start preparing for the role play. This phase should last up to 30 minutes. Character selection. Each participant selects a character (see examples in figure 4.1). Six character profiles are available in the training material: task team leader (TTL), social specialist, minister of energy or finance, minister of women’s affairs, a representative from civil society, and the private sector.12 Characteristics of each are provided to help participants build their role. Participants should use their imagination to put themselves inside the mind of their character, trying to understand her perspective, goals, motivations, and feelings when they enter the situation. Also, participants may want to give a fictive name to their character to feel more engaged. Argumentation. Participants start planning their role and develop their arguments in relation to the gender gap(s) and actions selected. To assist with the argumentation and inspire participants, talking points are included in every gender gap card, suggesting arguments for each character. The team is encouraged to build a discussion with two opposing parties: a World Bank project team, on the one hand (for example, TTL and social specialist), and the client counterpart, on the other (for example, minister of energy). Arguments for and against gender interventions should emerge. Depending on their views, other characters (for example, from civil society or the private sector) may be either supportive or hostile to the proposed gender interventions. Participants are encouraged to be creative. They may also develop a scenario that builds in intensity, allowing them to practice different approaches. For instance, they may want to convince a minister of energy to carry out gender and social inclusive activities as part of the project. Once phases 1 and 2 are completed, it is time for the skit presentation. 12 The civil society representative may be from a nongovernmental organization or a local association. The private sector may be represented by an energy developer or a financial institution. 23 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 4. The Methodology of the Training FIGURE 4.1: ROLE PLAY CHARACTERS World Bank TTL, Mr. Esteban Juan Carlos Maria da Silva Menezez Fuerteventura Haiti Minister of Haiti Minister of Finance, Mr. His Women’s Affairs, Excellency Mrs. Riboul Labelle 1 Skit presentation Skit rules. The skit should last up to 10 minutes and include a minimum of three characters, with at least one supportive and one hostile character. It is recommended to discuss a single gender gap per skit to ensure in-depth discussion, instead of touching quickly upon several gender gaps without delving into them. Every character should actively participate in the discussion. Participants are encouraged to engage into a lively discussion. Skit set up. The discussion takes place at the office of the minister (figure 4.2). The agenda of the meeting is to discuss project preparation, in particular, social inclusion and gender equality. The World Bank team’s objective is to agree with the client on the gender-related activities to be included in the project and, if need be, convince the minister of the importance of doing so. The TTL initiates the meeting with introductions and sets the agenda: how to integrate gender-related considerations into the project design. S/he emphasizes that this is in line with the World Bank mandate of reducing poverty and promoting shared prosperity. Time monitoring. It is particularly important for the facilitator to ensure that participants are aware of how much time they have left during the play. Cards indicating “five-minutes left” and “one-minute left” should be displayed to the participants. If need be, the facilitator should intervene to bring the play to an end. Room set up. The training room should be set up with a dedicated area for the stage and a seating area for the audience. Videotaping. Videotaping the role play is a powerful teaching tool, as it allows participants to watch themselves later and reflect on their strengths and weaknesses. 24 Meeting objective: discuss the upcoming Renewable Energy for All Project GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 4. The Methodology of the Training FIGURE 4.2: MEETING AT THE MINISTER’S OFFICE Scenario example. An example of a role play scenario is presented in appendix A, involving three characters: a TTL, a minister of energy, and a minister of women’s affairs (photo 4.3). The World Bank TTL tries to persuade the minister of energy to adopt gender-related activities within the Renewable Energy for All project that is under preparation. PHOTO 4.3: ROLE PLAY Training evaluation Evaluation forms are distributed at the end of the training session for participants to fill in. Participants are asked to assess their experience and learning outcomes. An example of evaluation form is included in the training material of the publication. 25 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 5. Training material 5. TRAINING MATERIAL The training material consist of four types of cards and two forms. 1. GENDER GAP CARDS Eleven gender gap cards are available in this guidebook (table 5.1). Each card presents the Gender Tag rationale and the objective, followed by a number of proposed actions that may contribute to closing the gender gap. Also, examples of past projects that have implemented some of the actions, or are planning to do so, are provided. Finally, indicators aiming to track progress in closing the gender gap are suggested. It should be noted here that using the indicators suggested in the cards does not guarantee that the project will be gender tagged if adopted, as this will depend on the quality of the linkage across gender gap analysis, related action(s), and monitoring. TABLE 5.1: GENDER GAP CARDS Access to Electricity Access to Finance Access to Health Services Access to Information Burden of Disease Employment Decision Making Education Entrepreneurship and Productive Uses of Energy Public Safety Selection and Bidding Process 2. CASE STUDY CARDS Eight case studies are presented from the Latin American and Caribbean as well as the Middle East and North Africa regions (table 5.2). Each card presents the PDO, the key beneficiaries, and the project components. The results framework of the project is also included. TABLE 5.2: CASE STUDY CARDS Brazil: Financial Instruments for Brazil Energy Efficient Cities (FinBRAZEEC) Colombia: Clean Energy Development Project Dominican Republic: Distribution Grid Modernization and Loss Reduction Project Haiti: Renewable Energy for All Iraq: Electricity Services Reconstruction and Enhancement Project Mexico: Additional Financing for Energy Efficiency in Public Facilities Project (PRESEMEH) West Bank and Gaza: Electricity Sector Performance Improvement Project Yemen: Emergency Electricity Project 27 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > 5. Training material 3. GENDER DATA CARDS Eight gender data cards are available (table 5.3), presenting a list of gender indicators at the country level, most of which can be found on the World Bank Gender Data Portal. Topics include education, agency, health, employment, access to assets, access to finance, income and poverty, and public life and decision making. TABLE 5.3: GENDER DATA CARDS Brazil Colombia Dominican Republic Haiti Iraq Mexico West Bank and Gaza Yemen 4. CHARACTER PROFILE CARDS Characters profile cards are included, presenting six characters (table 5.4): World Bank task team leader, World Bank social specialist, minister of energy or finance, minister of women’s affairs, civil society, and the private sector. TABLE 5.4: CHARACTER PROFILE CARDS World Bank Task Team Leader World Bank Social Specialist Minister of Energy of Finance Minister of Women’s Affairs Civil Society Private Sector 5. FORMS Two forms are provided (table 5.5). The gender gap template has to be filled in by the team during phase 1 of the breakout session. It aims to clarify the selected gap(s), action(s), and indicator(s). The evaluation form has to be filled in by participants at the end of the training session. It assesses their experience and learning outcomes. TABLE 5.5: FORMS Gender Tag Template Evaluation Form 28 GENDER GAPS CASE STUDIES GENDER DATA CHARACTER PROFILES FORMS GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK GENDER GAPS 29 GENDER GAPS > ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY GENDER TAG RATIONALE We know that female-headed households (HHs) and businesses are less likely to have access to electricity, and evidence shows that women are on average poorer than men. Focusing on improving access to electricity in female-headed HHs and businesses will improve the project’s results. OBJECTIVE: To increase electricity access for female-headed HHs and businesses ACTIONS 3. Carry out capacity-building activities among female 1. Conduct a qualitative study to identify men’s and and male beneficiaries on energy use (for example, women’s needs and priorities; their differences in use of prepaid meters), energy efficiency, and energy energy access and use (for example, affordability, safety, as well as on productive uses of electricity. coping mechanisms, and interaction with service providers); their preferred usage of energy sources (for 4. Provide training for employees of energy institutions example, location of light, height of stove placement); to raise awareness on the importance of integrating and possible ways to overcome barriers to energy women’s specific needs in project design and access, such as access to credit or technology. Actions execution. may include interest-free credit for the purchase of energy equipment, credit schemes allowing payment EXAMPLES of connection fee in affordable installments, subsidized connection costs, and lifeline tariffs. In Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the “Power to the Poor” program increased connection rates for rural 2. Pro-poor targeting actions may include poverty female-headed HHs from 63 to 90 percent, thanks mapping and self-selection of HHs located within to interest-free credit and monthly payments set at a certain distance from an existing distribution same level as cost of coping solutions used prior to line or transformer, which has been installed for electrification. over 12 months. HHs headed by women may be automatically eligible. INDICATORS Baseline Target Share of male- and female-headed HHs and businesses with grid connection/off-grid solutions TBD TBD Share of interest-free credit lines given to male- and female-headed HHs and businesses TBD TBD Share of male- and female-headed HHs and businesses receiving subsidized connection and/ TBD TBD or equipment GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist Female-headed HHs and businesses tend to be poorer, with lower access to finance. Women thus need targeted financing support. Women are known to be better payers! Capital subsidies have been applied in output-based aid projects in Uganda, several pro-poor financing schemes have been adopted in Kenya to facilitate access uptake, and in Ethiopia, the Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid grant allowed the national utility to provide interest-rate-free credit schemes to make the connection charge affordable to poor households in rural areas. Minister of Finance or Energy We do not understand why we should favor women over men. We cannot take high risks to finance women. We do not have resources to spend on women. Minister of Women’s Affairs / Civil Society Women are physically in the home more than men are, and therefore they benefit more from electricity. Women are particularly “time poor,” and the associated drudgery of their tasks (particularly collecting firewood, fetching water, and processing food) is mainly fulfilled through their own physical labor, which has implications for their health and the well-being of their children and families. Electricity access is particularly beneficial to women and girls: for example, it enables girls to study at night and do better at school. Also, access to electric labor-saving appliances, such as food processors or washing machines, improves women’s quality of life and may even create income-generating opportunities. It may also increase their time spent in entertainment and leisure. We need to support poor young women and single mothers, to ensure that they also get access to electricity. Private Sector We could have special conditions for women to access electricity, but we need financial support. We also do not know who is poor! There is no such database. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO FINANCE GENDER TAG RATIONALE We have identified a gap between women’s and men’s access to finance. Women’s poor access to finance can impact our project’s objective and limit results. OBJECTIVE: To ensure equal access to finance for men and women* ACTIONS 6. Provide business development support for female enterprises entering the sector. 1. Conduct market assessments investigating issues that women face in accessing financial products and 7. Hire female credit officers. services in the off-grid energy sector. 8. Investigate norms and conduct training for loan 2. Carry out information campaigns on financial officers to prevent gender discrimination. products and services and application processes available in the energy sector. EXAMPLES 3. Apply gender-sensitive loan eligibility criteria (for In Ethiopia, gender gaps in access to finance and example, reduce or alter collateral requirement). entrepreneurship are being tackled in the World Bank’s Market Development for Renewable Energy and Energy 4. Review loan application requirements (business Efficient Product Credit Line. Participating microfinance performance, profits, and so forth). institutions committed to map barriers and opportunities to tackle gaps and attend training on reaching more 5. Secure creditor’s rights and strengthen enforcement women with financing solutions. Following an information mechanisms to increase financial institutions’ session on opportunities in the off-grid sector, attended by outreach to low-income people lacking credit history women’s business associations and female entrepreneurs, and traditional collateral. four female entrepreneurs applied for a total of US$1.5 million of funding to import off-grid technologies. INDICATORS Baseline Target Share of female-led and male-led businesses accessing credit TBD TBD Loan size of female versus male borrowers TBD TBD Loan rejection rates for men and women TBD TBD Interest rate charged to men and women TBD TBD * “Access to finance” is defined as access to financial products (for example, deposits and loans) and services (for example, insurance and equity products) at a reasonable cost. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > ACCESS TO FINANCE TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist Closing the financial gender gap could increase the market share both in terms of consumers and businesses engaged in the financial services sector. Barriers are higher for women to access finance, due to culture, lack of traditional collateral (such as land or property, which is often registered in men’s name), women’s lower income levels relative to men, and financial institutions’ inability (or lack of appetite) to design appropriate products and outreach strategies to reach women. Minister of Finance or Energy In our country, it is not appropriate for women to have a bank account and start their own business. If a product is purchased by a man or a woman (through credit) the whole household benefits, so why does it matter if women have less access to credit? We are against earmarking specific funds or benefits to women; this will distort the market and create perverse incentives. Minister of Women’s Affairs Women are actually more likely to repay their loans than men. When women control financial assets, they are often more likely than men to invest in the health, education, and well-being of their families, suggesting significant benefits of financial inclusion to society as a whole and future generations. Opportunities should be given to female business owners to have access to credit to enter markets and grow their businesses. Private Sector Financial institution: We cannot take the risk and lend to women and low-income people. We have to apply high interest rates for this—unless you would like to provide a guarantee. Solar company: We would like to expand the women’s market segment if possible to boost sales in solar technologies. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES GENDER TAG RATIONALE There is evidence that women suffer more from poor access to health services, compared to men. Enabling health facilities to offer better health services to women will improve the project’s impact on women’s health and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To improve health service delivery, particularly to women ACTIONS 4. Prioritize areas with high maternal and child mortality. 1. Conduct an evaluation of the energy needs of local 5. Ensure reliable and affordable provision of electricity health facilities, consult with local men and women in health staff houses, particularly in rural areas, in an to identify challenges and opportunities with regard effort to improve their living conditions and retention. to health care provision, and explore how to improve access to health services, particularly for women. EXAMPLES 2. Encourage interministerial cooperation, involving the ministries of health, energy, women’s affairs, In partnership with WeCareSolar and UNICEF, the and finance, to advocate for the inclusion of specific United Nations Foundation supported the deployment energy and women’s health targets within national of roughly 50 solar suitcases in health clinics in energy plans, and channel government action Uganda. accordingly. In Kenya, UNICEF has supported the Ministry of Health 3. Provide reliable and affordable provision of energy to roll out renewable energy technologies at high- services in health facilities, ensuring that operation, volume health facilities as backup energy sources in maintenance, and repairs are provided after counties with a high burden of maternal and newborn installation for the life of the system (for example, deaths. train local electricians, mechanics, and engineers). INDICATORS Baseline Target Number of health facilities with reliable and affordable energy provision 0 TBD Number of health facilities using electric devices required for maternal and child care 0 TBD Share of men and women accessing health facilities TBD TBD Maternal mortality TBD TBD Percentage of births attended by skilled health staff TBD TBD GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist Energy is a critical enabler for vital primary health care services, especially during maternal and childbirth emergencies. Without electricity, mothers in childbirth are particularly at risk. Many of the deaths caused by complications from pregnancy and childbirth can be averted with the provision of adequate lighting combined with basic medical equipment, such as a fetal heart-rate monitor. Modern energy services are also critical to achieving improved diagnosis and treatment of certain infectious diseases where women may be underserved, such as tuberculosis. Energy is needed to prevent and treat noncommunicable diseases, too. These include the diagnosis and treatment of breast and cervical cancer, where women have a particularly heavy burden. There is a need to support women’s access to health services. Women tend to be poorer than men and lack knowledge and information, particularly regarding sexual and reproductive health. Access to sexual and reproductive health services has a positive effect on women’s economic empowerment. Minister of Finance or Energy Providing access to energy in health facilities in not part of our mandate. You need to talk to the minister of health. If there is a health facility in the targeted area, electricity will be provided. There is no need to focus on this. The Ministry of Health is responsible for many of the actions you propose. We cannot step into their field. They have their own budget and strategy. Minister of Women’s Affairs / Civil Society Women struggle to access adequate health services. We do not have enough qualified providers and we lack medical equipment and medicines. Health facilities often lack reliable electricity and suffer from inadequate provision of water and sanitation. The quality of care is very poor. It is also difficult to retain qualified health professionals in rural areas. They tend to migrate to higher- paying urban areas with better living conditions. Private Sector Grid or minigrid operator: We are interested in providing electricity services to health facilities. They can represent large customers in some cases. However, their financial sustainability is often very poor and they cannot afford to pay for electricity. Solar energy provider: Health facilities cannot afford the initial cost of solar energy nor maintenance costs. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO INFORMATION GENDER TAG RATIONALE We have seen that more women than men lack information regarding energy solutions. We believe that improving women’s access to information will help improve project results. OBJECTIVE: To provide gender-equal access to information, to improve results and ensure sustainability of the project ACTIONS EXAMPLES 1. Develop awareness campaigns and communication EnDev Indonesia launched posters illustrating women’s and information activities targeting men and women role in energy to increase participation of women in specifically. photovoltaic minigrid management. 2. Use multiple channels to optimize outreach (radio, TV, India’s Solar Sahelis network of women entrepreneurs fliers). increased sales of solar lighting products by targeting women. 3. Nominate male and female local ambassadors to drive change or encourage uptake. 4. Build a marketing strategy tailored to women. 5. Involve more women in product design, marketing, and sales. 6. Conduct consumer satisfaction surveys targeting women. INDICATORS Baseline Target Share of men and women with adequate knowledge on the subject (based on test scores) TBD TBD Share of female local ambassadors 0 TBD Sales to female and male clients TBD TBD GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > ACCESS TO INFORMATION TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist Awareness campaigns are essential to ensure sustainability of the project. Women are the main users of energy in households. They can thus drive behavioral change and adoption of new energy technologies. Thus we should ensure that the information reaches women as well as men. Women can generate and increase demand for specific energy products and services. Minister of Finance or Energy Yes, that may be a good idea. People will like this! Minister of Women’s Affairs In our country, women are usually more involved in social networks and have in-depth knowledge of the community. These characteristics put women at an advantage in working with projects’ awareness- raising activities as citizen allies to promote timely bill payment and safe, legal electricity connections. Civil Society Women do not have decision-making power in the household and our community is run by men. Are you planning to change our culture? Private Sector Such campaigns are very useful for us, we can cooperate, but we don’t have the budget to fund them. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > BURDEN OF DISEASE BURDEN OF DISEASE GENDER TAG RATIONALE Women and girls spend more time than men and boys in the house and kitchen and are more exposed to health risks* from polluting and inefficient cooking and heating stoves. By promoting the use of modern cooking and heating solutions, energy projects may reduce the burden of disease on women and girls. OBJECTIVE: To reduce the burden of disease on women and girls that is associated with polluting and inefficient energy solutions ACTIONS ensure that priorities and concerns of female users are reflected in energy products, thus increasing 1. Provide clean and efficient cooking and heating their likelihood of adoption and use. solutions to low-income and female-headed households (for example, through targeted financing EXAMPLES mechanisms). In Cambodia, the New Lao Stove, introduced in 2003, 2. Ensure that stove design is aligned with women’s saved 1.6 billion tons of wood and prevented 2.4 million preferences and that stoves will be adopted and tons of carbon dioxide equivalent from entering the used, rendering previously used polluting stoves atmosphere. It enabled the economic empowerment of unnecessary. 350 women and benefited 800,000 female end-users. It generated more than US$11 million in revenue, while 3. Carry out education and awareness-raising energy savings reduced CO2 emissions by 2.4 million tons. campaigns, targeting both men and women, about the benefits of clean and efficient cooking, heating, In Africa, Solar Sister, a women-led social enterprise, and lighting solutions. created a chain of local female clean-energy entrepreneurs that sell and deliver clean cookstoves 4. Promote women’s employment as sales to their rural communities’ doorsteps. Over 2,700 representatives or as producers of energy-efficient Solar Sister entrepreneurs have brought clean energy cooking, heating, and lighting solutions. This will solutions to over 700,000 people since 2010. INDICATORS Baseline Target Number of female and male-headed households primarily using modern cooking, heating, or TBD TBD lighting solutions Share of men and women suffering from health issues* resulting from polluting energy TBD TBD solutions Share of men and women with adequate knowledge on benefits of clean and efficient energy TBD TBD solutions (based on test scores) Share of women employees and entrepreneurs in the sector TBD TBD GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > BURDEN OF DISEASE TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist According to the World Health Organization, indoor air pollution is one of the main causes of death in the developing world. Women and girls are the most affected. Women and children are often responsible for most of the household chores, including cooking and fuel collection. This disproportionate domestic work burden exposes them to greater health risks due to poor ventilation as well as increased drudgery and potential gender-based violence during wood collection. Providing clean and efficient energy solutions for households will reduce women’s burden of disease and save them time. We can work with you to set up a local value chain involving women. Women can be important energy providers, extending modern cooking, heating, and lighting solutions to poor and hard-to-reach customers. Minister of Finance or Energy Our priority is to finance energy infrastructure projects that will help our country’s economy grow. Cooking solutions are not going to help with this goal. Women in our country already have what they need in their kitchens. They have no money to spend on fancy cookstoves coming from abroad. We have always been using self-made cookstoves. Our ancestors taught us how to make them. It is part of our tradition. Minister of Women’s Affairs / Civil Society Our cooking habits are very particular. We use self-made cookstoves to obtain a specific national flavor, which cannot be obtained with modern cookstoves. Women will not adopt new cookstoves, and their families will dislike the taste of the food. We do not know the impact of our cookstoves on women’s health. Private Sector We can certainly help poor households access clean and efficient energy solutions for cooking and heating, but this is a costly enterprise. We are a profit-making company, and we cannot afford selling below cost. We also need help in identifying poor customers. We have no way to distinguish the poor from the wealthy. We are aware that a growing number of energy companies have begun to employ women as sales representatives to reach low-income consumers at the base of the pyramid with modern lighting and cooking solutions. We are open to this, but your support is welcome. * Such health risks include respiratory diseases from indoor air pollution, burns, poisoning, visual problems, and back problems. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > DECISION MAKING DECISION MAKING GENDER TAG RATIONALE We have evidence that women’s voices are often overlooked and women are rarely involved into decision making and community governance. Women’s needs and priorities are rarely incorporated into the design of energy projects. By ensuring women’s representation in decision making, energy projects may contribute to improving women’s empowerment and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To increase women’s decision-making power in the energy sector or project ACTIONS EXAMPLES 1. Provide gender training and technical support to In Kenya, water utilities increased the share of women address gender inequalities. participating in decisions making about new services, and as a result more women had access to paid work 2. Ensure that both men and women are equally during project implementation and more women were represented in any consultation related to the project. likely to access new water connections. In addition, women’s participation led to new policies, improved 3. Ensure fair representation of women and men in local work conditions, and new opportunities for female service delivery governance structures (such as utilities water utility staff. and energy committees), through quotas or other mechanisms. 4. Promote greater representation of women in decision- making positions within energy institutions. INDICATORS Baseline Target Men’s and women’s satisfaction rate regarding the energy sector or project TBD TBD Number or share of women in decision-making positions in energy institutions and/or local TBD TBD governance structures GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > DECISION MAKING TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist Women are poorly represented in the energy sector, especially at policy and management levels. The project should encourage women’s effective participation in decision-making processes and ensure that their needs and priorities are effectively taken into account. Research has shown that active participation of women leads to sustainable outcomes. Women are more likely to hold local service providers and politicians accountable for local service provision. The WBG is committed to supporting the participation of women in local governance institutions and strengthening their voice and participation. Minister of Finance or Energy The project focus should be on the provision of energy service, not on changing governance structure. What is the purpose of this measure? Men are the ones who decide, as they are the main breadwinners in our society. Men can take care of women’s needs. That is their role. Women are illiterate; they do not know what decisions to make. Minister of Women’s Affairs There is great need to promote women’s empowerment and improve their quality of life. According to national statistics, female employees represent a small share of the total employees of the Ministry of Energy. Civil Society Women’s roles in the energy sector as consumers, suppliers, and decision makers are often underestimated. During community meetings, women rarely participate in the discussion, as it is usually left to the men to speak on their behalf. With regard to household dynamics, women are not consulted when meters and kits are installed, and it is usually husbands who decide whether or not to have electricity connected. Private Sector The project should promote recruitment based on merit. I do not think that setting quotas is a fair measure. Is it more difficult to hire women in key positions. They usually lack the skills and competencies required. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > EDUCATION EDUCATION GENDER TAG RATIONALE We have identified a gap in education attainments and access to training opportunities for men and women in the sector and we believe that addressing this will increase the female talent pool and the performance of the project. OBJECTIVE: To ensure equal educational opportunities and professional training for women and men ACTIONS EXAMPLES 1. Promote collaboration between universities and the The utility EVN Macedonia started Project 20-20- private sector; partner with universities to improve 20 to provide summer internships for students from curricula; support on-the-job training of professionals; technical high schools enrolled in electricity programs and facilitate dialogue and exposure for women of the during their final two years of study, with a focus energy sector. on enhancing female representation. The internships offer an opportunity for on-the-job training as well as 2. Develop professional training and capacity-building a pathway to a paid position. The company partnered activities for both men and women that considers with university engineering faculties to award skills and development gaps that may exist. scholarships to students with the highest grade in electrical engineering, a majority of whom are female, 3. Provide mentorship, coaching, business skills, capacity with the goal of closing gender gaps for women in building, and technical training to women at various science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. stages of their career pathway. 4. Deliver capacity building to relevant stakeholders on benefits of integrating women in the workforce (for example, human resources officers and senior leaders). INDICATORS Baseline Target Number of partnerships formed with educational institutions to enhance school-to-work 0 TBD transition for women Share of women employed in technical roles in the organization TBD TBD Share of professional training and capacity-building activities completed by women 0 TBD Number of capacity-building activities delivered to relevant stakeholders on benefits of 0 TBD integrating women in the workforce (for example, human resources officers and senior leaders) GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > EDUCATION TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist Partnerships with relevant educational institutions are essential to enhance school-to-work transition for women and foster their exposure to the sector. Women will not be able to advance as far on their career journey in the energy sector without tailored support (for example, mentorship programs and technical skills training). Making relevant investments in women’s education and training can improve gender equality in employment issues across recruitment, retention, and promotion. Energy sector stakeholders are likely to benefit from investing in their existing female workforce, by enhancing their skills and performance, increasing retention rates, and lowering turnover. Minister of Finance or Energy There are almost no female graduates in technical roles, and they drop out frequently. There are not enough women interested in such professional training. We do not have the resources to conduct training for women. Minister of Women’s Affairs Exposure to sector realities through support in the school-to-work transition is essential for girls and young women. Professional training and capacity-building activities for both men and women should be offered to address development and skills gaps that may exist. Civil Society We could help implement training activities. Private Sector Our employees do not have time for additional training. We do not have the bandwidth to take on more interns. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GENDER TAG RATIONALE We have identified a gap between male and female employment in the sector and we believe that employing more women will increase the performance of the project. OBJECTIVE: To promote gender equality in employment in the sector ACTIONS EXAMPLES 1. Encourage senior management to communicate the The Comoros Electricity Sector Recovery Project importance of gender equality in employment in the developed a pilot in the utility, mobilizing female energy sector. employees to help stop the illegal behavior perpetuated by client-facing employees. 2. Support the translation of commitments into actions that are rooted at the institutional level to The Ethiopian Electric Utility seeks to attract female ensure continuity, for example, the incorporation of employees and considers establishing on-site day care commitments in the business plan and adoption of an facilities. institutional strategy with key targets. By improving recruiting practices, the Vietnam Energy 3. Set specific goals and implement actions for promoting Company has increased the share of qualified women women across different job categories. These can in the workforce and adopted gender certification. include, for example, the following: • Gender-targeted job announcements (fliers, radio) and job application processes. • Gender-related financial or tax incentives for employers (for example, in hiring). • Childcare benefits provision, on-site childcare facility. • Transport benefits and safe transport provision. • Quotas for female employees and managers. • Increased flexibility in work contracts. INDICATORS Baseline Target Share of women employed in the organization TBD TBD Share of women and men accessing career development opportunities TBD TBD Ratio of women to men in senior management TBD TBD Usage rate of child benefits and on-site facilities TBD TBD GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > EMPLOYMENT TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist We want to create jobs in local communities—for example, women in off-grid electricity companies or retail businesses of solar lanterns. Female employees interact better with female clients (who are usually the ones staying at home and opening the door to utility staff). Female employees can increase collection revenues, are more transparent, and less likely to engage with corrupt practices. Women engineers are more likely to remain longer with the company compared to their male counterparts, who usually migrate to the city or abroad. Women truck drivers help reduce maintenance costs thanks to their careful driving (evidence from mining sector). Minister of Finance or Energy We need to provide employment to men, who are the breadwinners. We do not want women to take men’s jobs! Women do not want to work; women stay at home. It is not safe to send women in the field. Minister of Women’s Affairs / Civil Society National statistics confirm women are underrepresented in energy utilities and ministries, especially in technical roles—this imbalance needs to be addressed. Women can bring additional income to the household. We need to support poor young women, and single mothers—they should also benefit from such projects. Private Sector We have been struggling to fill positions and grow the talent pool in the energy sector. A focus on women’s employment presents a great opportunity! We are worried about women not having the adequate skills. Women also cannot perform certain tasks (heavy lifting and so forth). GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND PRODUCTIVE USES OF ENERGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND PRODUCTIVE USES OF ENERGY GENDER TAG RATIONALE We have identified a gap between women’s and men’s productive uses of energy* resulting in different benefits in terms of livelihoods and income. OBJECTIVE: To ensure access to reliable and affordable energy services that support income- earning opportunities for female entrepreneurs and farmers ACTIONS • Improve technical and financial management capacity of women’s enterprises. 1. Support baseline assessments of productive uses of • Encourage extension or business development energy by defining the target businesses (including services. female farmers) and methodology for ex ante and ex • Increase access to financial products and post measurement. services. • Strengthen access to markets. 2. Assess the drivers of productivity gaps and possible • Address discriminatory land laws. interventions to enhance women’s livelihoods through energy access. EXAMPLES 3. Design and implement comprehensive approaches that foster the productive uses of energy in The Peru Rural Electrification Project assisted an agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. Actions association of women in adapting its electrical can include the following: installations to the requirements of idle productive • Enhance knowledge and skills of small and machinery to increase production of bakery products and microbusinesses, households, and farmers on to more effectively brand, label, and market the goods. how to use newfound electrical and motive power for profitable enterprise. INDICATORS Baseline Target Share of female-led and male-led businesses connected to the grid or minigrid TBD TBD Number of business development training or extension services provided to female TBD TBD entrepreneurs and farmers Number of financial products and services accessed by female entrepreneurs and farmers TBD TBD Enhanced productive uses of energy of female entrepreneurs and farmers (%) TBD TBD * “Productive uses of energy” are defined as agricultural, commercial, and industrial activities involving energy services as a direct input to the production of goods or provision of services (EUEI PDF 2011). GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND PRODUCTIVE USES OF ENERGY TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist Investments in renewable energy should address the gender gaps between women and men related to enterprises and livelihoods at the community level. Experience, however, has shown that it is not enough to simply extend the electricity grid or provide access to off-grid technologies and expect outcomes, such as enhanced productive uses of energy. Therefore, we need to be proactive and look at the drivers behind the gender gaps that exist when it comes to livelihoods and income. Minister of Finance or Energy All citizens benefit from the provision of energy services, including female entrepreneurs and farmers. I have evidence of that! Women and girls do benefit as well, so there really is no case for an intervention. Our focus is to support energy investments. Female entrepreneurship and productive uses of energy is beyond the scope of what we are trying to achieve. Minister of Women’s Affairs The gender productivity gap in our country is significant, over 20 percent. Women tend to work in the informal market in microenterprises and subsistence farming. Female managers and farmers cultivate smaller land, have less access to inputs and advisory and extension services, display a lower rate of modern inputs application than their male counterparts, and suffer from discriminatory land laws. Without targeted interventions as part of the energy project design, inequality between women and men will persist and even worsen. Private Sector We see opportunities in promoting mechanized community-level assets and services, such as electric water pumping and grain grinding, that yield time savings and reduce the labor burden of women We also see opportunities in providing affordable financing for communities to purchase more energy- efficient appliances. Women usually prefer such appliances and over time, they can contribute to the financial viability of energy providers. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > PUBLIC SAFETY PUBLIC SAFETY GENDER TAG RATIONALE A high share of women reported to have suffered from harassment and aggressions in public spaces and streets. Good quality public street lighting can have a positive impact on women’s safety perception, prevent violence against women in public spaces, and improve quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To increase women’s perception of safety and prevent violence against women in public spaces ACTIONS EXAMPLES 1. Conduct consultations to define the areas where In Brazil, the FinBRAZEEC project is investing in women are more vulnerable and feel more unsafe efficient street lighting subprojects and is expected (such as bus stations and markets) and include to have a significant impact on women’s and men’s women’s recommendations in urban planning. perception of safety and the incidence of assaults, property crimes, and thefts. 2. Target street lighting interventions in areas with high women’s victimization and high perception of The United Nations has been conducting safety audits insecurity. as part of the Safe Cities and Safe Public Spaces Program in different cities. In Port Moresby, Papua 3. Ensure long-term financial sustainability of delivery New Guinea, the safety audit focused on markets and of municipal services of public street lighting. bus stops. Women recommended improving shelter, lighting, and sitting areas to improve their safety. INDICATORS Baseline Target Perception of insecurity in public spaces among women in pilot areas TBD TBD Share (or number) of streets (kilometers) and public spaces (for example bus stops, public TBD TBD toilets, public facilities and markets) with functioning street lighting of adequate luminance levels, running for the required number of night hours. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > PUBLIC SAFETY TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist Street lighting based on light-emitting diode (LED) technology will reduce energy consumption and facilitate operation and maintenance, while decreasing the carbon footprint. Additionally, improved street lighting makes people feel safe and prevents harassment and aggression against women in public spaces. Women’s needs and concerns should be considered in urban planning in order to improve living standards for all citizens. Targeting areas with higher crime rates or that have been identified by women as unsafe can maximize the impact of street lighting. The government can raise funds through public-private partnerships to improve lighting systems. Minister of Finance or Energy The upfront cost is too high, and LED street lighting is not a priority. We cannot increase street lighting just because women “feel unsafe.” Where can we get additional financial support to fund efficient street lighting? Minister of Women’s Affairs Improving women’s perception of safety and reducing harassment and violence against women can expand education and work opportunities. Violence against women takes a toll on our country’s gross domestic product and affects economic growth. The national data regarding rape and sexual harassment, especially in public spaces, is indicative of the prevalence and severity of the problem. Civil Society Efficient street lighting will benefit the community and the overall quality of life for the citizens. Additionally, it is good for the environment. Private Sector Investing in LED technologies can benefit intermediary industries delivering energy efficiency–related goods and services. Increased demand in energy efficiency–related goods and services could increase the number of jobs in the area and businesses could benefit from higher sales. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > SELECTION AND BIDDING PROCESS SELECTION AND BIDDING PROCESS GENDER TAG RATIONALE We have noticed that bidders are usually companies without any corporate social responsibility (CSR) or gender policies,* mainly owned by men and with few female employees. We would like to encourage competitive socially responsible or female-led companies to make a bid. We believe that such companies will improve project performance and be more sensitive to gender issues, thus affecting the project development objective. OBJECTIVE: To favor bidders that have adopted CSR and gender policies and/or have a significant percentage of female staff and/or are owned or led by women ACTIONS procurement framework includes a “value for money” principle that allows higher-priced bids to be selected 1. Include nonprice factors, such as gender/social when they offer a greater value proposition. dimensions in the tendering requirements for the firms, or establish a “gender bonus” in the EXAMPLES selection criteria. The Bolivia Access and Renewable Energy Project 2. Accept only bidders that have adopted CSR and established gender-sensitive eligibility criteria for gender policies and/or that commit to local economic subprojects. development involving a significant share of women. South Africa’s Renewable Energy Independent Power 3. Reduce barriers to small-firm participation. For Procurement Program (REIPPP) heavily relied on example, simplify bureaucratic requirements, break nonprice factors in bid evaluations, designed to larger solicitations into smaller ones, and alter incentivize bidders to promote job growth, domestic regulatory frameworks to allow for flexibility on industrialization, community development, and black nonprice factors (such as quality, customization, short- economic empowerment. order delivery, and reliability). The World Bank’s new INDICATORS Baseline Target Share of applicants with CSR gender policies, significant percentage of female staff, or women TBD TBD in leadership Share of bid winners with CSR gender policies, significant percentage of female staff, or TBD TBD women in leadership GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS > SELECTION AND BIDDING PROCESS TALKING POINTS TTL / Social Specialist We can set up gender-sensitive eligibility criteria. We can also favor companies with a gender or CSR policy, or with a high share of female employees. Or we can accept only candidates that have a gender policy or similar policies in place. Minister of Finance or Energy If such rules are applied, we will not have any eligible candidates! We need to select candidates based on least cost. How would we screen and certify firms as being female-owned or female-led and ensure that they are truly qualified according to the selected criteria? We do not have the capacity for this. Minister of Women’s Affairs / Civil Society That would be a revolutionary initiative in our country! Private Sector This will not be easy to be implement. We can think about adopting such policies, but we need your help. * Gender policies include adoption of gender-sensitive codes of conduct, work environment policies, practices that prevent occupational segregation by gender, recruitment targets for women, equal employment opportunities, equal pay, and professional development pathways. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS CASE STUDIES GENDER DATA CHARACTER PROFILES FORMS GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK CASE STUDIES 53 CASE STUDIES > BRAZIL Brazil Financial Instruments for Brazil Energy Efficient Cities (FinBRAZEEC) PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To unlock private financing for urban energy efficiency projects in Brazil by reducing the credit risk and enhancing the technical quality of efficient street lighting (ESL) and industrial energy efficiency (IEE) projects BENEFICIARIES PROJECT COMPONENTS The primary project beneficiaries are (i) the Special Component 1 (US$991 million). An EE financing Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) created to provide lighting facility for ESL and IEE will include (i) a loan through public-private partnerships (PPPs) and syndication, led by CEF, to provide subloans to private energy service companies receiving financing for companies for ESL and IEE subprojects; and (ii) a IEE projects from the facility; (ii) the municipalities guarantee fund, managed by CEF, to offer credit risk receiving the improved energy-efficient street lighting enhancement products to the commercial lenders and services; (iii) urban industrial enterprises; and (iv) subproject sponsors. the participating financial institutions, including Caixa Economica Federal (CEF) and other Brazilian private Component 2 (US$10 million). Technical assistance banks that provide financing to the subprojects. These will be provided to help increase CEF’s capacity to financial institutions will benefit from the creation implement the project, support the startup costs of of loan instruments for financing energy efficiency the EE Facility, and help develop a pipeline of high (EE), thereby increasing their capacity to appraise and quality subprojects, reducing the technical risk of the monitor EE projects and allowing them to scale up EE transactions. financing. CEF will be responsible for identifying, appraising, analyzing credit risks of, approving, and investing resources in (or providing credit enhancements to) a pipeline of EE subprojects in the industrial and public street lighting sectors. Also, CEF will supervise and monitor all loans to ensure they are implemented per Brazilian and World Bank requirements and provide periodic reports, including fiduciary and safeguards reports to the Ministry of Finance and the World Bank. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > BRAZIL RESULTS FRAMEWORK Project development objective indicators Baseline Target value Projected lifetime energy savings (electricity and fuel) (megajoules) 0 169,194,000,000 Net greenhouse gas emissions savings (tons per year) 0 960,000 Capital mobilized (debt, in US$) 0 580,000,000 Intermediate indicators Baseline Target value Guarantees subscribed (US$) 0 200,000,000 Number of street lighting PPPs advised 0 6 Number of technical studies completed 0 5 Number of CEF employees trained 0 20 Grievances registered related to delivery of project benefits that are actually addressed 0% 100% GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > COLOMBIA Colombia Clean Energy Development Project PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To assist Colombia in increasing electricity generation capacity from nonconventional renewable energy sources and energy savings in the industrial sector with mobilization of private investment BENEFICIARIES competition from private sector participants. The proposed activity will support (i) large-scale RE (wind, The project beneficiaries will primarily be private solar, greater than 20 megawatts [MW]); (ii) small- investors and industrial and residential consumers. scale RE (less than 20 MW), including ground-mount The IBRD and Clean Technology Fund (CTF) guarantee and rooftop solar photovoltaics; and (iii) EE activities will directly benefit private investors in clean in the industrial sector. A key role for FDN will be to energy subprojects, through products offered by the select subprojects and beneficiaries based on predefined National Development Financing Institution (FDN). eligibility criteria and conduct detailed due diligence on The guarantee will help FDN allocate capital more technical, economic, environmental, financial feasibility, efficiently and offer cost-effective financial products. and other project-related assessments. Consumers will benefit from increased reliability of electricity and lower tariffs, resulting from increased Component 2: Technical assistance (US$0.95 use of clean energy and lower marginal cost. The million). The technical assistance component will market operator will gain additional flexibility through support the Ministry of Mines and Energy and FDN in diversification of the energy mix to address weather developing the activities and assessments necessary and climatic shocks and the possibility to mitigate to complete the preparation of the project, including offtake risk. Finally, the government of Colombia will (i) market sounding to prepare a robust pipeline of meet its clean energy targets. projects and identification and quantification of risks; (ii) technical and prefeasibility studies of selected RE PROJECT COMPONENTS and EE project; (iii) development of a study to assess the cumulative environmental impacts of potential Component 1: IBRD and CTF guarantees (US$81 wind projects in La Guajira; (iv) additional training to million). IBRD and CTF will guarantee to backstop support the activities established in the Environmental FDN’s payment obligations to eligible private sector and Social Management System for FDN’s employees, beneficiaries under FDN financial products for eligible including the environmental and social team, loan subprojects. The guarantees help develop a sustainable officers and credit risk officers; (v) advisory services long-term clean energy market by supporting FDN in on financial structuring (design and development of the initial stages of the Renewable Energy Program: appropriate credit enhancement and risk mitigation for example, initial auctions of large-scale renewable products); and (vi) project coordination with other energy (RE) and small-scale RE and energy efficiency government agencies and structuring of a Project (EE) aggregation pilot. The guarantees help enhance Implementation Unit (PIU) within FDN. the creditworthiness and bankability of the Renewable Energy Program, develop suitable financial products, and manage sector and investment risks to increase GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > COLOMBIA RESULTS FRAMEWORK Project development objective indicators Baseline Target value Avoided greenhouse gas emissions (million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent) 0 24.64 Nonconventional renewable energy generation capacity (megawatts) 0 936 Increased energy efficiency, energy savings (gigawatt hours per year) 0 227 Private capital mobilized (US$ millions) 0 761 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Dominican Republic Distribution Grid Modernization and Loss Reduction Project PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To improve the financial viability of the electricity distribution companies (EDEs) by reducing energy losses and increasing revenue collections in the circuits rehabilitated under the project, and consequently increase the supply of electricity BENEFICIARIES restoring the confidence between users and EDEs, increase cash collection levels, and use electricity The project direct beneficiaries include (i) the EDEs, efficiently and safely. Social compacts will be signed through the improvement in the commercial cycle, the between the EDEs and the communities to reflect recovery of business and operation performance, and agreements reached on the number of hours of better electricity supply and service; (ii) the central electricity that the EDEs will deliver per day and government and the public sector, which will benefit the legalization of illegal users and payment of the from a reduction of subsidies to the power sector; electricity bills by the clients. Communities will be and (iii) residential, commercial, and industrial users trained on the safe and efficient use of electricity and connected to the rehabilitated circuits, who will benefit their rights and duties as regular clients of the EDEs. from better electricity supply with fewer outages and prompt fault restoration, improvements in the voltage Component 3: Commercial management and project profiles, and increase in the hours of availability of management, monitoring and evaluation of the electricity. distribution grid modernization and electrical losses reduction program (US$11.2 million). This PROJECT COMPONENTS component will finance (i) the upgrading of existing offices and technical assistance to monitor the business Component 1: Rehabilitation of selected distribution cycle, (ii) an information technology platform and circuits and upgrading of metering systems and forecasting and demand analysis system for the implementation of environmental management Corporation of Dominican State Electricity Companies system for the EDEs (US$103.6 million). This and the EDEs, (iii) institutional strengthening and component will support investments to rehabilitate coordination, and (iv) monitoring of the project. circuits selected by each EDE, including (i) grid rehabilitation and modernization, (ii) macro- and Component 4: Complementary tariff study (US$0.35 micrometering systems and loss reduction monitoring, million). This component will finance a study, (iii) smart grid remote metering systems, and (iv) complementary to the one currently undertaken by environmental management systems for monitoring the electricity market regulator, to weigh the social and management of residue sites. implications of the changes in the tariff rates and recommend mitigation measures and glide-path Component 2: Citizen engagement and community implementation of the tariff levels proposed in the participation (US$4.5 million). This component will ongoing tariff study. implement a social management strategy aiming at GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > DOMINICAN REPUBLIC RESULTS FRAMEWORK Project development objective indicators Baseline Target value Increase of cash recovery index (CRI) at the rehabilitated circuits of each EDE 59% 83.6% Increase of the average service availability index in the rehabilitated circuits 71.3% 95.9% Capital mobilized (debt, in US$) 0 580,000,000 Intermediate indicators Baseline Target value Component 1: Rehabilitation of selected distribution circuits and upgrading of metering systems, and implementation of an environmental management system Increase of CRI at the rehabilitated circuits of each EDE 58.7% 83.1% Number of kilometers of rehabilitated distribution lines in the selected circuits 0 1,003 Number of remotely metered clients in the rehabilitated circuits for each EDE 0 138,100 Development of an integrated environmental management system among the three 0 1 EDEs and the Corporation of Dominican State Electricity Companies Component 2: Citizen engagement and community participation Number of social compacts signed with the communities (to assess citizen 0 18 engagement and community participation) Component 3: Commercial management and project management, monitoring and evaluation of the distribution grid modernization and electrical losses reduction program Number of illegal users converted to legitimate paying clients 0 73,550 Installation of an information technology data center 0 1 Component 4: Complementary tariff study Completion of complementary tariff study 0 1 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > HAITI Haiti Renewable Energy for All PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To scale-up renewable energy investments in Haiti in order to expand and improve access to electricity for households, businesses and community services BENEFICIARIES Component 2: Off-grid distributed renewable energy (US$8.6 million). This component will extend access The project will result in new or improved electricity to clean and modern energy services to households, access for about 410,000 people (including at least communities, and enterprises that are not served 205,000 women) and 4,500 enterprises and community by EDH. It will provide (mostly) first-time access to services. It will have important climate change at least 310,000 people and 3,500 enterprises and cobenefits. community service institutions by deploying a wide range of off-grid electrification options. The first PROJECT COMPONENTS option will be municipal grids through grants to municipal grid service providers to partially cover Component 1: Grid-connected distributed renewable investment costs under service agreements with energy (US$11 million). This component will build selected municipalities to build and operate RE grids 5–12 megawatts (MW) of renewable energy (RE) on their territories. The second option will consist capacity—solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery—which of larger stand-alone systems for productive and is expected to hybridize two to three isolated grids of community uses, through grants to the distributed Electricity of Haiti (EDH) currently running on diesel energy service companies (DESCOs) to develop and power, resulting in improved access for at least 100,000 test viable and scalable business models to serve, people and 1,000 enterprises and community uses. inter alia, agribusinesses, rural enterprises, and public The component will engage the private sector in the service institutions in rural areas. Grants may also be construction and operation of the PV plants and chart directly provided to these productive use beneficiaries. a path toward attracting commercial investments in The project will establish a challenge grant facility solar PV generation. The component will also provide to competitively award grants to applicants with technical assistance to the Ministry of Public Works, promising, scalable business models for productive Transportation and Communication Energy Cell, uses. Finally, the third option includes smaller solar EDH, Ministry of Economy and Finance, and eight home and pico-PV systems for households and key stakeholders for (i) the design, implementation, microenterprises. Grants will be provided to DESCOs and monitoring of the Demonstration Pilot Solar PV to supply solar home systems and pico-PV solutions Investments, including the environmental and social to households and small businesses. Such grants will safeguards aspects and private sector participation, and include (i) grants for quality-verified solar products to (ii) the development of a broader enabling policy and support market penetration of higher quality products; regulatory framework to support RE investments and (ii) grants for piloting viable, scalable, and sustainable private sector participation in the long term. business models; and (iii) grants for growth of early stage off-grid businesses with viable business plans. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > HAITI RESULTS FRAMEWORK Project development objective indicators Baseline Target value People provided with new or improved electricity service 0 410,000 Women provided with new or improved electricity service 0 205,000 Enterprises and community services with new or improved electricity service 0 4,500 Enabling policy and regulatory framework for clean energy and access enacted 0 35 (Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy (RISE) score) Private investment and other commercial financing leveraged (US$ million) 0 64 Intermediate indicators Baseline Target value Component 1: Grid-connected distributed renewable energy Generation capacity of energy constructed or rehabilitated (megawatt peak, MWp) 0 5 Annual electricity output from RE, as a result of Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program 0 8 (SREP) in Low Income Countries interventions (gigawatt hours, GWh) Annual greenhouse gas emission reductions (tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, 0 10,300 tCO2eq) Number of people benefitting from improved access to electricity and fuels, as a result 0 100,000 of SREP interventions Number of women benefitting from improved access to electricity and fuels, as a result 0 50,000 of SREP interventions Number of businesses and community services benefitting from improved access to 0 1,000 electricity and fuels, as a result of SREP interventions Increased public and private investments in targeted subsectors as a result of SREP 0 15 interventions (US$ million) Component 2: Off-grid distributed renewable energy Generation capacity of energy constructed or rehabilitated (MWp) 0 8 Annual electricity output from RE, as a result of SREP interventions (GWh) 0 12 Annual greenhouse gas emission reductions (tCO2) 0 31,930 Number of people benefitting from improved access to electricity and fuels, as a result 0 310,000 of SREP interventions Number of women with improved access to electricity and fuels, as a result of SREP 0 155,000 interventions Number of businesses and community services benefitting from improved access to 0 3,500 electricity and fuels, as a result of SREP interventions Increased public and private investments in targeted subsectors as a result of SREP 0 94 interventions (US$ million) Enabling framework for minigrids, including tripartite agreements in place no yes Number of people trained in renewable energy 0 3,000 Citizen engagement and beneficiary feedback Actions are taken in a timely manner in response to beneficiary feedback no yes Percentage of users reporting minigrid or off-grid electricity service provided according n/a Progress report to the advertised performance GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > IRAQ Iraq Electricity Services Reconstruction and Enhancement Project* PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To improve the reliability and enhance the operational and commercial efficiency of electricity services in the Basra Governorate BENEFICIARIES Component 2: Distribution network reconstruction, operational and commercial efficiency enhancement The key project beneficiaries include (i) the electricity (US$110 million). This component will support sector institutions, such as the Ministry of Electricity activities related to (i) distribution network (MoE), the South Electricity Transmission Directorate, rehabilitation and reinforcement to meet both current and the South Electricity Distribution Directorate and future electricity demand, reduce technical losses, (SEDD), which are expected to benefit from the and increase operations flexibility, and (ii) design, reforms and improved operations efficiency;** (ii) supply, install, and commission of an integrated about 550,000 households connected to the grid that distribution management information system (IDMIS) will benefit from improved reliability of electricity; and covering electricity distribution core business functions (iii) enterprises benefiting from improved reliability of (network operations and maintenance, commercial, electricity that will contribute to increased productivity and management of corporate resources). The IDMIS and lower costs, as dependency on expensive diesel will include a revenue protection program to improve generation will decrease. Also, the entire population electricity sales revenue management, including a (about 6 million) will benefit from improved delivery georeferenced customer database, metering, billing, of social services (such as health care, education, and and revenue collection. water supply) resulting from improved availability and reliability of electricity. Component 3: Institutional capacity strengthening and project implementation (US$15 million). This PROJECT COMPONENTS component will include development of a regulatory framework and institutional capacity building aligned Component 1: Transmission network reinforcement with the government reform program for improved (US$125 million). This component will finance accountability, governance, financial sustainability, activities aimed at increasing the transmission network and increased private sector participation. The capacity (by about 1.6 gigawatts) to (i) address technical assistance will support (i) sector restructuring network capacity limitations to meet existing electricity and corporatization, (ii) establishment of a sector demand, (ii) meet future load growth, (iii) provide modernization unit within the MoE, and (iii) capacity operation flexibility and hence improved reliability building and institutional strengthening of SEDD. of electricity, and (iv) reduce transmission network technical losses. The proposed activities include (a) 132/33/11 kilovolt (KV) substations rehabilitation and upgrades; (b) 132KV transmission network reinforcement; and (c) supply and installation of 132/33/11KV mobile substations. * The project has not yet been approved by the World Bank board. For the purpose of this training guidebook, the PDO, beneficiaries, project components and results framework are indicative. ** Improved efficiency, transparency, and accountability of operations will not only improve the sector’s performance but also enhance its image and credibility with shareholders and electricity customers alike, gaining support for sustained operations. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > IRAQ RESULTS FRAMEWORK Project development objective indicators Baseline Target value Reduction in technical losses 0% 17% Increase in billed or supplied energy 40% 70% Increased efficiency of transmission and distribution network infrastructure (reduction in 0% 50% unserved energy due to network capacity limitations) Intermediate indicators Baseline Target value Component 1: Transmission network reinforcement New 132KV transmission line constructed (kilometers) 0 200 New substation capacity (kilovolt-amphere [KVA]) 0 4,900,000 Component 2: Distribution network reinforcement Capacity of new substations constructed (KVA) 0 750,000 33KV distribution lines constructed (kilometers) 0 100 People provided with new or improved electricity service (cash recovery index, number) 0 1,000,000 Component 3: Increased transparency and accountability SEDD bussiness improvement plan prepared and adopted (Yes/No) No Yes SEDD publishes on its website, quartely performance reports including energy No Yes supplied, billed, and revenue collections (Yes/No) SEDD publishes on its website the Annual Report of Electricty Consumers Satsifaction No Yes Survey (Yes/No) GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > MEXICO Mexico Additional Financing for Energy Efficiency in Public Facilities Project (PRESEMEH) PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To promote the efficient use of energy in the borrower’s municipalities by carrying out energy efficiency investments in selected municipal sectors and contribute to strengthening the enabling environment BENEFICIARIES (i) capacity building on municipal EE; (ii) sector-wide policy support, including a framework to scale-up The direct project beneficiaries would be the federal activities piloted under this operation with a view to and municipal institutions participating in the transition to a more commercial, sustainable program; implementation of the project, as well as the residents (iii) project monitoring and management activities; and of the municipalities where subprojects would be (iv) policy development for EE in public education and implemented. The key direct beneficiaries would be health sectors to enhance awareness and capacity of participating national institutions: the Secretary of EE, including through education and training activities Energy (SENER), the Electricity Energy Savings Trust aimed at staff and students, and contribute to the Fund (FIDE), the National Commission for the Efficient identification of measures needed to facilitate the Use of Energy (CONUEE), and the Federal Electricity realization of EE in the two sectors. All activities under Commission (CFE), as well as the participating this component will be led and executed by the SENER subnational entities (municipalities and water and with substantial technical support from institutions, wastewater utilities). such as the CONUEE, given its experience working with municipalities on EE policy, capacity building, PROJECT COMPONENTS and certification and management systems. The SENER has requested the bank’s support to Component 2: Municipal EE investments (US$149 design and implement a pilot for a national municipal million). This component will support cost-effective EE program in 32 municipalities in the country. The EE investments in municipal street lighting, water proposed US$100 million IBRD investment operation and wastewater, and building sectors. Activities to would be implemented by the SENER over a five-year be financed include (i) the preparation of feasibility period and would comprise two components. studies, project designs, and bidding documents for the implementation of identified priority investments Component 1: Policy development and institutional (with a bundled approach to the extent possible per strengthening (US$7 million). This component technology), and (ii) acquisition and installation of will strengthen the enabling environment for energy items necessary to implement the agreed EE measures. efficiency (EE) at the municipal level, and contribute This component will be operated by the FIDE, with to the identification of potential subprojects that can support from the CFE and the SENER. feed into a pipeline beyond the project’s life. The component will finance the following subcomponents: GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > MEXICO RESULTS FRAMEWORK Project development objective indicators Baseline Target value Projected lifetime energy savings (megawatt hours) 0 1,020,714 Number of energy services agreements signed 0 23 Framework to scale-up municipal EE in the country None Framework accepted by the SENER Intermediate indicators Baseline Target value Projected lifetime greenhouse gas emission reductions (tCO2 per year) 0 463,405 Default rate of municipalities (% average rate of nonpayment over total outstanding 0 10 loan balance) Subprojects designed (number) 0 28 Street light interventions (number) 0 9 Water and wastewater interventions (number) 0 8 Municipal building interventions (number) 0 6 Capacity-building and outreach activities implemented (number) 0 25 Design of energy management systems for street lighting, water and wastewater, and 0 3 municipal buildings (number) Participants in consultation activities during project implementation (number) 0 1,000 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > WEST BANK AND GAZA West Bank and Gaza Electricity Sector Performance Improvement Project PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To enhance the energy sector’s institutional capacity, improve efficiency of the distribution system in targeted areas, and pilot a new business model for solar energy delivery in Gaza BENEFICIARIES Component 2: Improving the operational performance of Palestinian electricity distribution The project beneficiaries include consumers, service companies (DISCOs) (US$5.3 million). First, a providers, taxpayers, and the Palestinian Authority revenue protection program will install over 13,000 (PA). From a PA standpoint, increased cost recovery smart meters to improve billing and collection for for electricity imported from the Israel Electric the high-value segment of consumers, including Corporation will reduce subsidies through the net an advanced metering infrastructure, comprising lending mechanism. This reduction would also benefit communication devices, software (meter data Palestinian taxpayers and citizens who would benefit management system), and a metering control center. from additional public services due to lower reduction Second, management information systems will provide of tax revenues from the PA’s budget. Increased advanced tools to Palestinian DISCOs in the West collection rates and reduced system losses will also Bank that will enable improvement of commercial improve the creditworthiness of the energy sector and and operational performance, including an incident its attractiveness to investments in additional supply. management system for effective attention to Consumers in Gaza will also benefit from increased customer’s complaints and fast service restoration. reliability of power supply from the solar energy pilot. Component 3: Improving energy security in Gaza with PROJECT COMPONENTS solar energy (US$2.5 million). This component will support the design and implementation of a pilot business Component 1: Strengthening the capacity of model for rooftop solar energy in Gaza. The pilot will aim Palestinian electricity sector institutions (US$2.5 to install 1.5 megawatt installed capacity of solar systems million). This component will (i) strengthen the on rooftops of residential customers, small and medium capacity of the Palestinian Electricity Transmission enterprises (SMEs), and hospitals. Residential consumers Company Ltd. (PETL) through investments to support and SMEs will pay back the cost in monthly installments. technical, operational, and legal functions, and (ii) Hospitals will receive the solar systems for free. Monthly support monitoring, evaluation, and financial audit payments will return to a revolving fund that will be used functions of the Palestinian Electricity Regulatory to install more solar systems. Contractors will be required Council (PERC), providing funding to monitor the to provide a two-year warranty on parts and installation quality of service of distribution companies (DISCOs), and have a permanent presence in Gaza. tracking key performance indicators, auditing financial statements, and reviewing the use of enterprise Component 4: Technical assistance, capacity resource planning (ERP) systems. This subcomponent building, and project management (US$0.7 will also support PERC in establishing the bulk-supply million). This component will strengthen the capacity tariff at the distribution and retail level. of the Palestinian Energy and Natural Resources Authority (PENRA) and support staffing of the Project Management Unit (PMU) for two years. After that, the PMU staff will be integrated in PENRA’s payroll.  GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > WEST BANK AND GAZA RESULTS FRAMEWORK Project development objective indicators Baseline Target value PETL collection rate from DISCOs 0% 90% Electricity losses per year in the project area 23% 19% People provided with new or improved electricity service (number) 0 9,300 Intermediate indicators Baseline Target value JDECO's electricity losses per year 24% 20% JDECO’s electricity losses per year without refugee camps 18% 13% HEPCO's electricity losses per year 20% 18% SELCO's electricity losses per year 25% 20% NEDCO's electricity losses per year 20% 16% TEDCO’s electricity losses per year 22% 17% Number of smart meters installed 0 13,200 Number of management information systems in operation 0 2 Number of high-voltage substations operated by PETL 0 3 PERC's audits of ERPs of two DISCOs (Yes/No) No Yes Installed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems (number) 0 800 Installed solar PV systems for SMEs (number) 0 250 Grievances registered related to delivery of project benefits addressed 0% 100% Note: JDECO = Jerusalem District Electricity Company; HEPCO = Hebron Electric Power Company; SELCO = Southern Electric Company; NEDCO = Northern Electric Distribution Company; TEDCO = Tubas Electricity Distribution Company. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > YEMEN Yemen Emergency Electricity Project PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To improve access to electricity in rural and peri-urban areas within the Republic of Yemen BENEFICIARIES Component 2: Implementation support and market development (US$8 million). This component will The key beneficiaries are (i) rural and peri-urban finance general management support (indirect) costs populations, benefiting directly from improved access for the implementing agency, the United Nations Office to modern household energy (small-scale household for Project Services (UNOPS); direct management solar systems) and indirectly through improved access and supervision costs required to support project to social services, and (ii) service providers, including implementation (including use of remote monitoring health clinics, schools, rural water corporations, and technology); independent audits of project activities, if rural electricity service providers, who will benefit from required; and the establishment of a grievance redress improved access to electricity through grant-financed mechanism. Also, UNOPS will engage a third-party solar systems, strengthening the service delivery monitoring agent to undertake independent performance capacity. Also, businesses along the solar value verification and field monitoring of project activities. chain will benefit from access to higher-quality solar Finally, technical assistance, capacity building, and solutions as a result of market strengthening measures. other market strengthening measures will be carried This is expected to benefit the direct beneficiaries out to make the solar market in Yemen more inclusive under the project as well as all solar users. In addition, and sustainable. This will include an awareness with an estimated 20–30 percent of the investment campaign and consultations, technical training, and value expected to remain in the local economy, the capacity building to firms along the solar supply chain project will contribute to the creation of jobs and to increase their reach and strengthen job creation, benefit the economy. technical assistance to the financial sector to develop derisking mechanisms for commercial lending for solar, PROJECT COMPONENTS technical standard definition and dissemination, and the establishment of testing centers in cooperation Component 1: Financing for off-grid solar (US$42 with local universities to enhance industry’s technical million). This component will (i) provide basic standards, and support batteries recycling. electricity supply to households, helping eligible regulated, supervised microfinance institutions set up Component 3: Contingent emergency response. In financing windows for high-quality, small-scale solar case of natural disaster, epidemic, or other emergency solutions for rural and peri-urban households, and occurring during project implementation, UNOPS provide grants to beneficiaries to make the systems will reallocate funds from other project components affordable. It will also restore electricity supply to or serve as a conduit to process additional financing critical service facilities, by engaging solar suppliers and from other funding sources for eligible emergencies to installers to provide grant-financed solar energy systems mitigate, respond to, and recover from the potential to critical service facilities in rural and peri-urban harmful consequences arising from the emergency. areas (for example, health clinics, schools, rural water corporations, and rural electricity service providers). GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES > YEMEN RESULTS FRAMEWORK Project development objective indicators Baseline Target value Critical service facilities provided with new or improved electricity service 0 1,200 People provided with new or improved electricity service 0 1,340,000 People provided with access to electricity under the project by household connections 0 200,000 (grid or off-grid). Intermediate indicators Baseline Target value Beneficiaries reached with financial services 0 120,000 Number of previously unbanked adults reached with transaction accounts 0 80,000 Number of microfinance institutions with active loan windows for solar 0 5 Health facilities with improved access to electricity 0 400 Grievances registered related to delivery of project benefits that are actually addressed 0% 100% GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS CASE STUDIES GENDER DATA CHARACTER PROFILES FORMS GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK GENDER DATA 71 GENDER DATA > BRAZIL BRAZIL Indicator Value Year Source General Gender inequality index 0.407 2017 UN Development (94th) Programme (UNDP) Share of female-headed households 39.0 2017 UN Economic and Social Affairs Education School enrollment, primarya F: 98.1 2016 UNESCO M: 96.4 Literacy F: 92.3 2015 UNESCO M: 91.7 Population (age 25+) with at least some secondary F: 61.0 2017 UNDP education (%) M: 57.7 Population that completed bachelor’s or equivalent (% N.A. - UNESCO age 25+) Agency Underage marriageb 35.6 2006 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Gender-based violencec N.A. - UN Statistics Division (UNSD) Women declared to have suffered some type of 40d 2017 Brazilian Forum of Public harassment (%) Security Share of adolescent women ages 15–19 who are 11.8 2010 Comisión Económica para mothers América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) Health Maternal mortality ratio 44 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99.1 2015 UNICEF Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age 27.2 2016 WHO (% of women ages 15–49) Women's share of total population age 15+ who are 35.2 2017 UNAIDS living with HIV (%) Employment Labor force participation (% of population age 15+) F: 53.2 2017 International Labour M: 74.7 Organization (ILO) Unemployment (% of labor force) F: 15.3 2017 ILO M: 11.8 Vulnerable employment (% of employment) F: 22.4 2017 ILO M: 31.1 Share of informal employment in total employment (%) F: 21.5 2016 ILO M: 36.9 Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) F: 74.5 2017 ILO M: 63.5 Employers (% of employment) F: 3.1 2017 ILO M: 5.4 Average time spent on unpaid work of population age F: 23.6 2012 CEPAL 15+ (hours per week) M: 19.9 Female professional and technical workers (% of total) N.A. - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) 50.2 2009 World Bank (WB) Enterprise Survey GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > BRAZIL Indicator Value Year Source Access to Men/women who do not own a house N.A. - DHS assets Men/women who do not own land N.A. - DHS Access to Account at a financial institution (% age 15+) F: 67.5 2017 WB Global Financial finance M: 72.8 Inclusion Database Loan in the past yeare (% age 15+) F: 35.3 2017 WB Global Financial M: 45.2 Inclusion Database Income / Estimated gross national income per capita (in 2011 F: 10,851 2013 UNDP poverty purchasing power parity terms) M: 17,813 Urban population without incomes of their own (%) F: 28.8 2017 CEPAL M: 19.2 Femininity index of poor householdsf 115.2 2014 CEPAL Public life Proportion of seats held by women in national 10.7 2017 Inter-Parliamentary Union and decision parliaments (%) making Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 4.0 2016 Inter-Parliamentary Union Female share of employment in senior and middle 38.4 2017 ILO management (%) Firms with female top manager (% of firms) 19.4 2009 WB Enterprise Survey Women participating in making major household N.A. - DHS purchase decisions (% of women ages 15–49) a Adjusted net enrollment rate (% of primary school age children). b Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24). c Share of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of women ages 15–49). d 78% happened on the streets. e Share of respondents who borrowed any money in the past 12 months from any of the following sources: a formal financial institution, a store by using instalment credit, family/friends, employer, or other private lender. f If >100, poverty (indigence) is higher among women; if <100, the inverse situation. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > COLOMBIA COLOMBIA Indicator Value Year Source General Gender inequality index 0.383 2017 UN Development (87th) Programme (UNDP) Share of female-headed households 36.4 2015 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Education School enrollment, primarya F: 94.1 2017 UNESCO M: 93.3 Literacy F: 94.9 2016 UNESCO M: 94.4 Population (age 25+) with at least some secondary F: 51.1 2017 UNDP education (%) M: 49.2 Population that completed bachelor’s or equivalent (% F: 7.3 2015 UNESCO age 25+) M: 6.9 Agency Underage marriageb 23.4 2015 DHS Gender-based violence c 37.4 2010 UN Statistics Division (UNSD) Women declared to have suffered some type of N.A. - N.A. harassment (%) Share of adolescent women ages 15–19 who are 17.4 2015 DHS mothers Health Maternal mortality ratio 64 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99.2 2016 UNICEF Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age 21.1 2016 WHO (% of women ages 15–49) Women's share of total population age 15+ with HIV (%) 24.7 2017 UNAIDS Employment Labor force participation (% of population age 15+) F: 58.8 2017 International Labour M: 82.6 Organization (ILO) Unemployment (% of labor force) F: 11.5 2017 ILO M: 6.9 Vulnerable employment (% of employment) F: 46.5 2017 ILO M: 47.1 Share of informal employment in total employment (%) F: 50.7 2016 ILO M: 59.4 Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) F: 50.9 2017 ILO M: 47.9 Employers (% of employment) F: 2.6 2017 ILO M: 5.0 Average time spent on unpaid work of population age N.A. - Comisión Económica 15+ (hours per week) para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) Female professional and technical workers (% of total) N.A. - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) 35.3 2010 World Bank (WB) Enterprise Survey GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > COLOMBIA Indicator Value Year Source Access to Men/women who do not own a house F: 73.4 2015 DHS assets M: 70.1 Men/women who do not own land F: 89.1 2015 DHS M: 85.3 Access to Account at a financial institution (% age 15+) F: 41.4 2017 WB Global Financial finance M: 48.8 Inclusion Database Loan in the past yeard (% age 15+) F: 36.7 2017 WB Global Financial M: 46.5 Inclusion Database Income / Estimated gross national income per capita (in 2011 F: 7,698 2013 UNDP poverty purchasing power parity terms) M: 15,485 Urban population without incomes of their own (%) F: 25.0 2017 CEPAL M: 10.9 Femininity index of poor householdse 118.4 2014 CEPAL Public life Proportion of seats held by women in national 18.7 2017 Inter-Parliamentary Union and decision parliaments (%) making Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 35.3 2016 Inter-Parliamentary Union Female employed in senior and middle management (%) N.A. - ILO Firms with female top manager (% of firms) 18.9 2017 WB Enterprise Survey Women participating in making major household 80.2 2015 DHS purchase decisions (% of women ages 15–49) a Adjusted net enrollment rate (% of primary school age children). b Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24). c Share of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of women ages 15–49). d Share of respondents who borrowed any money in the past 12 months from any of the following sources: a formal financial institution, a store by using instalment credit, family/friends, employer, or other private lender. e If >100, poverty (indigence) is higher among women; if <100, the inverse situation. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > DOMINICAN REPUBLIC DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Indicator Value Year Source General Gender inequality index 0.451 2017 UN Development (103th) Programme (UNDP) Share of female-headed households 39.9 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Education School enrollment, primarya F: 87.9 2016 UNESCO M: 87.7 Literacy F: 93.8 2016 UNESCO M: 93.8 Population (age 25+) with at least some secondary F: 58.6 2017 UNDP education (%) M: 54.4 Population (age 25+) that completed bachelor’s or F: 14.5 2015 UNESCO equivalent (%) M: 10.1 Agency Underage marriageb 36.5 2013 DHS Gender-based violence c 16.0 2013 UN Statistics Division (UNSD) Women declared to have suffered some type of N.A. - N.A. harassment (%) Share of adolescent women ages 15–19 who are mothers 20.5 2013 DHS Health Maternal mortality ratio 92 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99.6 2015 UNICEF Prevalence of anemia among women ages 15–49 (% of 29.7 2016 WHO women) Women's share of total population age 15+ who are living 50.1 2017 UNAIDS with HIV (%) Employment Labor force participation (% of population age 15+) F: 54.4 2017 International Labour M: 79.5 Organization (ILO) Unemployment (% of labor force) F: 8.0 2017 ILO M: 3.7 Vulnerable employment (% of employment) F: 28.0 2017 ILO M: 49.6 Share of informal employment in total employment (%) F: 22.7 2016 ILO M: 46.7 Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) F: 69.8 2017 ILO M: 46.3 Employers (% of employers) F: 2.2 2017 ILO M: 4.1 Average time spent on unpaid work of population age 15+ N.A. - Comisión Económica (hours per week) para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) Female professional and technical workers (% of total) N.A. - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) 32.2 2016 World Bank (WB) Enterprise Survey GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Indicator Value Year Source Access to Men/women who do not own a house F: 69.6 2013 DHS assets M: N.A. Men/women who do not own land F: 91.5 2013 DHS M: N.A. Access to Account at a financial institution (% age 15+) F: 53.4 2017 WB Global Financial finance M: 56.2 Inclusion Database Loan in the past yeard (% age 15+) F: 47.4 2017 WB Global Financial M: 54.9 Inclusion Database Income / Estimated gross national income per capita (in 2011 F: 7,514 2013 UNDP poverty purchasing power parity terms) M: 14,172 Urban population without incomes of their own (%) F: 22.6 2017 CEPAL M: 13.3 Femininity index of poor householdse 132.3 2014 CEPAL Public life Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments 26.8 2017 Inter-Parliamentary Union and decision (%) making Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 20.8 2016 Inter-Parliamentary Union Women employed in senior and middle management (%) 50.5 2017 ILO Firms with female top manager (% of firms) 21.2 2016 WB Enterprise Survey Women (ages 15–49) participating in making major 85.6 2013 DHS household purchase decisions (%) a Adjusted net enrollment rate (% of primary school age children). b Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24). c Share of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of women ages 15–49). d Share of respondents who borrowed any money in the past 12 months from any of the following sources: a formal financial institution, a store by using instalment credit, family/friends, employer, or other private lender. e If >100, poverty (indigence) is higher among women; if <100, the inverse situation. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > HAITI HAITI Indicator Value Year Source General Gender inequality index 0.601 2017 UN Development (144th) Programme (UNDP) Share of female-headed households 45.0 2017 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Education School enrollment, primarya N.A. - UNESCO Literacy N.A. - UNESCO Population with at least some secondary education F: 26.9 2017 UNDP (% age 25+) M: 39.9 Population that completed bachelor’s or equivalent N.A. - UNESCO (% age 25+) Agency Underage marriageb 17.5 2012 DHS Gender-based violencec 14.9 2012 DHS Women declared to have suffered some type of N.A. - N.A. harassment (%) Share of adolescent women ages 15–19 who are 14.2 2012 DHS mothers Health Maternal mortality ratio 359 2015 UNDP Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 48.6 2013 Ministry of Health Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive 46.2 2016 World Health Organization age (% of women ages 15–49) Women's share of total population age 15+ who are 55.6 2017 UNAIDS living with HIV (%) Employment Labor force participation (% of population age 15+) F: 63.8 2017 International Labour M: 72.6 Organization (ILO) Unemployment (% of labor force) F: 15.9 2017 ILO M: 12.3 Vulnerable employment (% of employment) F: 90.2 2017 ILO M: 85.1 Share of informal employment in total employment N.A. - ILO (%) Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) F: 9.1 2016 ILO M: 13.7 Employers (% of employment) F: 0.8 2017 ILO M: 1.2 Average time spent on unpaid work of population age N.A. - Comisión Económica para 15+ (hours per week) América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) Female professional and technical workers (% of N.A. - Organisation for Economic total) Co-operation and Development Firms with female participation in ownership (% of N.A. - WB Enterprise Survey firms) GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > HAITI Indicator Value Year Source Access to Men/women who do not own a house F: 60.5 2016/17 DHS assets M: 64.9 Men/women who do not own land F: 48.3 2016/17 DHS M: 35.5 Access to Account at a financial institution (% age 15+) F: 27.1 2017 World Bank (WB) Global finance M: 29.3 Financial Inclusion Database Loan in the past yeard (% age 15+) F: 38.6 2017 WB Global Financial Inclusion M: 40.9 Database Income / Estimated gross national income per capita (in 2011 F: 1,349 2013 UNDP poverty purchasing power parity terms) M: 1,930 Urban population without incomes of their own (%) N.A. - CEPAL Femininity index of poor householdse N.A. - CEPAL Public life Proportion of seats held by women in national 2.5 2017 Inter-Parliamentary Union and decision parliaments (%) making Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 20.0 2015 Inter-Parliamentary Union Female share of employment in senior and middle N.A. - ILO management (%) Firms with female top manager (% of firms) N.A. - WB Enterprise Survey Women participating in making major household 77.7 2012 DHS purchase decisions (% of women ages 15–49) a Adjusted net enrollment rate (% of primary school age children). b Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24). c Share of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of women ages 15–49). d Share of respondents who borrowed any money in the past 12 months from any of the following sources: a formal financial institution, a store by using instalment credit, family/friends, employer, or other private lender. e If >100, poverty (indigence) is higher among women; if <100, the inverse situation. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > IRAQ IRAQ Indicator Value Year Source General Gender inequality index 0.506 2017 UN Development (123th) Programme (UNDP) Share of female-headed households 10.0 2017 UN Economic and Social Affairs Education School enrollment, primarya F: 86.6 2007 UNESCO M: 97.7 Literacy F: 38.0 2013 UNESCO M: 53.0 Population with at least some secondary F: 38.7 2017 UNDP education (% age 25+) M: 56.7 Population that completed bachelor’s or N.A. - UNESCO equivalent (% age 25+) Agency Underage marriageb 24.0 2017 UNICEF Gender-based violence c N.A. - UN Statistics Division (UNSD) Women declared to have suffered some type N.A. - - of harassment (%) Share of adolescent women ages 15–19 who 6.8 2014 UNICEF are mothers Health Maternal mortality ratio 50 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Births attended by skilled health staff (% of 70.4 2012 UNICEF total) Prevalence of anemia among women of 29.1 2016 WHO reproductive age (% of women ages 15–49) Women's share of total population age 15+ N.A. - UNAIDS who are living with HIV (%) Employment Labor force participation (% of population age F: 18.7 2017 International Labour 15+) M: 74.1 Organization (ILO) Unemployment (% of labor force) F: 11.9 2017 ILO M: 7.2 Vulnerable employment (% of employment) F: 43.0 2017 ILO M: 31.9 Share of informal employment in total F: 44.8 2016 ILO employment (%) M: 62.2 Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) F: 54.8 2017 ILO M: 61.8 Employers (% of employment) F: 2.3 2017 ILO M: 6.2 Average time spent on unpaid work of F: 40.5 2007 UNSD population age 15+ (hours per week) M: 7.0 Female professional and technical workers (% N.A. - - of total) Firms with female participation in ownership 6.8 2011 World Bank (WB) Enterprise (% of firms) Survey GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > IRAQ Indicator Value Year Source Access to Men/women who do not own a house N.A. - Demographic and Health assets Surveys (DHS) Men/women who do not own land N.A. - DHS Access to Account at a financial institution (% age 15+) F: 19.0 2017 WB Global Financial Inclusion finance M: 22.0 Database Account at a bank, another type of financial F: 1.0 2017 WB Global Financial Inclusion institution, or mobile account (% age 15+) M: 7.0 Database Loan in the past yeard (% age 15+) F: 62.0 2017 WB Global Financial Inclusion M: 64.0 Database Income / Estimated gross national income per capita (in F: 4,246 2013 UNDP poverty 2011 purchasing power parity terms) M: 23,555 Urban population without incomes of their N.A. - - own (%) Femininity index of poor householdse N.A. - - Public life and Proportion of seats held by women in national 25.3 2017 Inter-Parliamentary Union decision making parliaments (%) Proportion of women in ministerial level 10.5 2016 Inter-Parliamentary Union positions (%) Female share of employment in senior and N.A. - ILO middle management (%) Firms with female top manager (% of firms) 2.3 2011 WB Enterprise Survey Women participating in making major 2012 Demographic and Health household purchase decisions (% of women Surveys (DHS) ages 15–49) a Adjusted net enrollment rate (% of primary school age children). b Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24). c Share of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of women ages 15–49). d Share of respondents who borrowed any money in the past 12 months from any of the following sources: a formal financial institution, a store by using instalment credit, family/friends, employer, or other private lender. e If >100, poverty (indigence) is higher among women; if <100, the inverse situation. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > MEXICO MEXICO Indicator Value Year Source General Gender inequality index 0.343 (76th) 2017 UN Development Programme (UNDP) Share of female-headed households 28.5 2017 Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) Education School enrollment, primarya F: 99.9 2016 UNESCO M: 98.1 Literacy F: 94.0 2016 UNESCO M: 95.8 Population with at least some secondary education (% F: 57.8 2017 UNDP age 25+) M: 61.0 Population that completed bachelor’s or equivalent (% N.A. - UNESCO age 25+) Agency Underage marriageb 23.6 2015 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS – UNICEF) Gender-based violencec N.A. - UN Statistics Division (UNSD) Women declared to have suffered some type of 62.8 2011 INEGI harassment (%) Share of adolescent women ages 15–19 who are 12.4 2010 Comisión Económica para mothers América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) Health Maternal mortality ratio 38 2015 UNDP Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 97.7 2015 UNICEF Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive 14.6 2016 World Health Organization age (% of women ages 15–49) Women's share of total population age 15+ who are 21.4 2017 UNAIDS living with HIV (%) GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > MEXICO Employment Labor force participation (% of population age 15+) F: 44.1 2017 International Labour M: 79.0 Organization (ILO) Women employed in the electricity, gas and water 21.0 2015 INEGI sector (% of total) Unemployment (% of labor force) F: 3.6 2017 ILO M: 3.3 Vulnerable employment (% of employment) F: 30.2 2017 ILO M: 25.3 Share of informal employment in total employment (%) F: 31.0 2016 ILO M: 27.9 Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) F: 67.5 2017 ILO M: 68.9 Employers (% of employment) F: 2.3 2017 ILO M: 5.8 Average time spent on unpaid work of population age F: 54.1 2014 CEPAL 15+ (hours per week) M: 19.5 Female professional and technical workers (% of total) N.A. - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) 25.7 2010 World Bank (WB) Enterprise Survey Access to Men/women who do not own a house N.A. - Demographic and Health assets Surveys (DHS) Men/women who do not own land N.A. - DHS Access to Account at a financial institution (% age 15+) F: 32.7 2017 WB Global Financial finance M: 38.6 Inclusion Database Loan in the past yeard (% age 15+) F: 28.9 2017 WB Global Financial M: 35.0 Inclusion Database Income / Estimated gross national income per capita (in 2011 F: 10,060 2013 UNDP Poverty purchasing power parity terms) M: 22,020 Urban population without incomes of their own (%) F: 26.1 2016 CEPAL M: 5.6 Femininity index of poor householdse 107.1 2014 CEPAL Public life Proportion of seats held by women in national 42.6 2017 Inter-Parliamentary Union and decision parliaments (%) making Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 15.8 2016 Inter-Parliamentary Union Female share of employment in senior and middle 36.4 2017 ILO management (%) Firms with female top manager (% of firms) 14.6 2010 WB Enterprise Survey Women participating in making major household N.A. - DHS purchase decisions (% of women ages 15–49) a Adjusted net enrollment rate (% of primary school age children). b Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24). c Share of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of women ages 15–49). d Share of respondents who borrowed any money in the past 12 months from any of the following sources: a formal financial institution, a store by using instalment credit, family/friends, employer, or other private lender. e If >100, poverty (indigence) is higher among women; if <100, the inverse situation. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > WEST BANK AND GAZA WEST BANK AND GAZA Indicator Value Year Source General Gender inequality index N.A. 2017 UN Development Programme (UNDP) Share of female-headed households 10.0 2017 UN Economic and Social Affairs Education School enrollment, primarya F: 90.9 2016 UNESCO M: 90.1 Literacy F: 95.2 2016 UNESCO M: 98.6 Population with at least some secondary education (% F: 58.5 2017 UNDP age 25+) M: 62.3 Population that completed bachelor’s or equivalent (% F: 17.4 2016 UNESCO age 25+) M: 17.8 Agency Underage marriageb 15.0 2017 UNICEF Gender-based violence c N.A. - UN Statistics Division (UNSD) Women declared to have suffered some type of N.A. - - harassment (%) Share of adolescent women ages 15–19 who are 6.7 2014 UNICEF mothers Health Maternal mortality ratio 45 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99.6 2014 UNICEF Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive 29.4 2016 WHO age (% of women ages 15–49) Women's share of total population age 15+ who are N.A. - UNAIDS living with HIV (%) Employment Labor force participation (% of population age 15+) F: 19.5 2017 International Labour M: 71.7 Organization (ILO) Unemployment (% of labor force) F: 47.1 2017 ILO M: 22.1 Vulnerable employment (% of employment) F: 41.6 2017 ILO M: 39.0 Share of informal employment in total employment (%) F: 24.0 2016 ILO M: 32.9 Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) F: 56.1 2017 ILO M: 56.2 Employers (% of employment) F: 2.3 2017 ILO M: 4.8 Average time spent on unpaid work of population age F: 32.2 2013 UNSD 15+ (hours per week) M: 5.1 Female professional and technical workers (% of total) 34.0 2006 Encyclopedia of Nations Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) 12.6 2013 World Bank (WB) Enterprise Survey Access to Men/women who do not own a house N.A. - Demographic and Health assets Surveys (DHS) Men/women who do not own land N.A. - DHS GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > WEST BANK AND GAZA Indicator Value Year Source Access to Account at a financial institution (% age 15+) F: 16.0 2017 WB Global Financial finance M: 34.0 Inclusion Database Account at a bank, another type of financial institution, N.A. 2017 WB Global Financial or mobile account (% age 15+) Inclusion Database Loan in the past yeard (% age 15+) F: 26.0 2017 WB Global Financial M: 31.0 Inclusion Database Income / Estimated gross national income per capita (in 2011 F: 1,651 2013 UNDP poverty purchasing power parity terms) M: 8,580 Urban population without incomes of their own (%) N.A. - - Femininity index of poor households e N.A. - - Public life and Proportion of seats held by women in national N.A. - Inter-Parliamentary Union decision making parliaments (%) Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) N.A. - Inter-Parliamentary Union Female share of employment in senior and middle 15.0 2012 ILO management (%) Firms with female top manager (% of firms) 1.2 2013 WB Enterprise Survey Women participating in making major household 2012 Demographic and Health purchase decisions (% of women ages 15–49) Surveys a Adjusted net enrollment rate (% of primary school age children). b Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24). c Share of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of women ages 15–49). d Share of respondents who borrowed any money in the past 12 months from any of the following sources: a formal financial institution, a store by using instalment credit, family/friends, employer, or other private lender. e If >100, poverty (indigence) is higher among women; if <100, the inverse situation. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > YEMEN YEMEN Indicator Value Year Source General Gender inequality index 0.834 2017 UN Development (160th) Programme (UNDP) Share of female-headed households 7.8 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Education School enrollment, primarya F: 77.9 2016 UNESCO M: 88.5 Literacy N.A. - UNESCO Population with at least some secondary education (% F: 18.7 2017 UNDP age 25+) M: 34.8 Population that completed bachelor’s or equivalent (% N.A. - UNESCO age 25+) Agency Underage marriageb 31.9 2013 DHS Gender-based violencec N.A. - UN Statistics Division (UNSD) Women declared to have suffered some type of N.A. - N.A. harassment (%) Share of adolescent women ages 15–19 who are 10.7 2013 DHS mothers Health Maternal mortality ratio 385 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 44.7 2013 UNICEF Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive 70.0 2016 WHO age (% of women ages 15–49) Women's share of total population age 15+ who are N.A. - UNAIDS living with HIV (%) Employment Labor force participation (% of population age 15+) F: 6.0 2017 International Labour M: 69.6 Organization (ILO) Unemployment (% of labor force) F: 28.3 2017 ILO M: 12.8 Vulnerable employment (% of employment) F: 67.9 2017 ILO M: 43.2 Share of informal employment in total employment (%) F: 72.0 2016 ILO M: 68.2 Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) F: 28.0 2017 ILO M: 46.8 Employers (% of employment) F: 4.0 2017 ILO M: 10.0 Average time spent on unpaid work of population age N.A. - N.A. 15+ (hours per week) Female professional and technical workers (% of total) N.A. - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) 6.6 2013 World Bank (WB) Enterprise Survey Access to Men/women who do not own a house N.A. - DHS assets Men/women who do not own land N.A. - DHS GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER DATA > YEMEN Indicator Value Year Source Access to Account at a financial institution (% age 15+) F: 1.8 2014 WB Global Financial finance M: 11.4 Inclusion Database Loan in the past yeard (% age 15+) F: 65.7 2014 WB Global Financial M: 66.3 Inclusion Database Income / Estimated gross national income per capita (in 2011 F: 1,775 2013 UNDP Poverty purchasing power parity terms) M: 6,080 Urban population without incomes of their own (%) N.A. - N.A. Femininity index of poor households e N.A. - N.A. Public life Proportion of seats held by women in national 0.0 2017 Inter-Parliamentary Union and decision parliaments (%) making Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 5.4 2016 Inter-Parliamentary Union Female share of employment in senior and middle N.A. - ILO management (%) Firms with female top manager (% of firms) 1.6 2013 WB Enterprise Survey Women participating in making major household N.A. - DHS purchase decisions (% of women ages 15–49) a Adjusted net enrollment rate (% of primary school age children). b Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24). c Share of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of women ages 15–49). d Share of respondents who borrowed any money in the past 12 months from any of the following sources: a formal financial institution, a store by using instalment credit, family/friends, employer, or other private lender. e If >100, poverty (indigence) is higher among women; if <100, the inverse situation. GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS CASE STUDIES GENDER DATA CHARACTER PROFILES FORMS GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK CHARACTER PROFILES 89 CHARACTER PROFILES CHARACTER PROFILES TASK TEAM LEADER Mr/Mrs Personality/mood: Professional, confident, enthusiastic, but also stressed Personal interest: Project’s success, disbursements made as planned Project objective: PDO Views on women: Supports gender-equal opportunities Gender knowledge: Has basic knowledge, has attended gender training ROLE IN MEETING Starts the meeting: Introductions Sets the meeting objective: advance project preparation and discuss social inclusion and gender equality (according to the World Bank mandate to reduce poverty and promote shared prosperity) SOCIAL SPECIALIST Mr/Mrs Personality/mood: Professional, empathetic, enthusiastic, more decisive Personal interest: Project’s success, avoid/mitigate social impacts Project objective: PDO, optimize gender integration into the project, and maximize project impact Views on women: Supports gender-equal opportunities Gender knowledge: Strong gender knowledge MINISTER OF FINANCE OR ENERGY Mr/Mrs Personality/mood: Impatient, annoyed/frustrated, loud, angry, but also intrigued Personal interest: Get reelected/reappointed, please his/her stakeholders and voters, needs to show improving living standards for voters Project objective: Needs to see results at the earliest possible time Views on women: Traditional views regarding gender norms Gender knowledge: Not much, has heard anecdotes about women’s challenges GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL CHARACTER PROFILES MINISTER OF WOMEN’S AFFAIRS Mr/Mrs Personality/mood: Comprehensive, cooperative, enthusiastic Personal interest: Get reelected/reappointed, please his/her stakeholders and voters, needs to show improving living standards for voters Project objective: Maximize gender equality Views on women: Supports gender equality Gender knowledge: Fair gender knowledge CIVIL SOCIETY Institution* Mr/Mrs Personality/mood: Empathetic, strong local knowledge Personal interest: Increase proper funds, maximize impact, grow influence Project objective: Maximize benefits to the local population Views on women: Supports gender equality Gender knowledge: Fair gender knowledge *For example: local NGO PRIVATE SECTOR Institution* Mr/Mrs Personality/mood: Professional, technical expertise Personal interest: Grow the business Project objective: Get paid, ensure smooth implementation Views on women: Indifferent Gender knowledge: None *For example: solar energy developer GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER GAPS CASE STUDIES GENDER DATA CHARACTER PROFILES FORMS GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK FORMS 93 FORMS > GENDER GAP TEMPLATE GENDER GAP TEMPLATE Project name: PDO: ANALYSIS (WHAT GENDER GAP(S)?) ACTIONS (WHAT ACTIVITIES?) M&E (WHAT INDICATORS?) GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL FORMS > EVALUATION FORM EVALUATION FORM Session: Date: Please take a few minutes to fill in this evaluation form regarding the training, based on your experience. Your feedback is very valuable to us. Thank you for your participation. A. TRAINING CONTENT A1. How strong was your knowledge of the training topics before the training? Topics Very high High Fair Low Very low Understanding WB Gender Tag Identifying project-relevant gender gaps Devising gender actions Developing realistic M&E indicators A2. How strong was your knowledge of the training topics after the training? Topics Very high High Fair Low Very low Understanding the WB Gender Tag Identifying project-relevant gender gaps Devising gender actions Developing realistic M&E indicators B. TRAINING OBJECTIVES B1. How well were the training objectives met? (Please indicate your level of agreement in the achievement of each of the following objectives) Objectives Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly agree disagree Understanding WB Gender Tag Identifying project-relevant gender gaps Devising gender actions Developing realistic M&E indicators C. TRAINING EXECUTION C1. Please rate the role of the moderator in presenting the different aspects of the methodology. Topics Excellent Good Fair Poor Very poor Instructions Training material Teamwork Skit GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL FORMS > EVALUATION FORM C2. Please rate how well the training was executed. TOPICS Excellent Good Fair Poor Very poor Timing Facilities Moderator Team members D. OTHER D1. What were the most effective aspects of this training? D2. Would you recommend this training to others? D3. How would you improve this training? (Check all that apply) ___ Provide better information prior to the training. ___ Clarify training’s objectives. ___ Reduce the content covered in the training. ___ Increase the content covered in the training. ___ Allow more time for the Gender Tag presentation ___ Allow more time for the preparation of the role play. ___ Shorten the time for the Gender Tag presentation. ___ Shorten the time for the preparation of the role play. Other comments or suggestions: D4. How do you hope to change your practice as a result of this training? D5. Do you have any further comments? THANK YOU FOR YOUR FEEDBACK! GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING MATERIAL GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > Appendix A: Role play scenario example APPENDIX A: ROLE-PLAY SCENARIO EXAMPLE The scenario for an eight-minute skit with three actors is presented in this appendix. Mr. Esteban, World Bank TTL, Mr. Lambert, Ruritania’s Minister of Finance, and Ms. Riboul, Minister of Women’s Affairs, are meeting in the office of the Minister of Finance in Macondo to discuss the upcoming World Bank Renewable Energy for All project. Actors may dress accordingly. All content is fiction. [initial greetings and introductions] WB TTL [looking serious]: It is a pleasure to be back in Macondo and meet you again in person. It has been a few months since our last meeting, and we have been in constant contact with your team and made great progress on the preparation of the project. We have worked on the components, financing, and most implementation arrangements. Minister of Finance [looking serious]: My team has informed me. We are very pleased with our collaboration. WB TTL [looking serious]: Yes, indeed. So, today the objective of our meeting is to discuss in detail the project components. As you know, we seek to scale- up renewable energy investments in Ruritania and improve access to electricity for households and businesses as well as schools and health clinics. We have two main components, one for grid-connected and one for off-grid renewable energy. Under the first component, we plan to build about 10 megawatts of solar photovoltaics with battery, hybridizing the isolated grids in the north of the country. About 100,000 people will benefit from improved access to energy. The second component aims to provide first-time access to 900,000 households and thousands enterprises and community institutions, through solar home systems and village grids. Minister of Finance [looking proud]: That’s right. We are very excited about this project and we believe it will improve the lives of our citizens. WB TTL: Fantastic. We are very excited as well. . . . So, since you mentioned the lives of your people, let me suggest starting our discussion with social inclusion and gender equality concerns. Minister of Finance [looking puzzled]: Gender quality? Minister of Women’s Affairs: No no, gender equality. WB TTL: Yes, social inclusion and gender equality. It is a new policy that the World Bank is promoting with client countries, to enhance . . . 99 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > Appendix A: Role play scenario example Minister of Finance [interrupting the TTL and looking annoyed/frustrated— loud voice]: I don’t understand why we have to talk about gender . . . equality as you say, and social—what was it—inclusion? I came here to talk about procurement and financing. We are building solar power plants here! What do women have to do with this?! This project will provide electricity to all of our people, everybody will benefit! Why do you want to complicate things?! WB TTL [looking stressed, sweating]: Mr. Minister, I am afraid you have misunderstood me. My apologies if I did not explain myself appropriately. Let me . . . let me try again. . . . . I was saying that we, at the World Bank, are committed to ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity. This is why we want to ensure that vulnerable population groups—for example, the poorest people and women as well... As you know, women and girls face multiple challenges in Ruritania, and are far more disadvantaged than men and boys—so we want to make sure that vulnerable populations get a chance to benefit from our projects as well. Experience has shown, unfortunately, that not everyone equally benefits from our projects, and women are more often part of those that don’t. Minister of Finance [looking puzzled]: I don’t understand. Could you please give me examples? WB TTL [somewhat relieved]: Of course, Mr. Minister! Let me take our project as an example. As I already mentioned, we have estimated that 900,000 households will benefit from first-time access to off-grid energy, right? Minister of Finance [looking impatient or blasé]: That’s right . . . WB TTL [more confident]: As you know—and Ms. Minister here can confirm this—about 35 percent of households in Ruritania are headed by women. This is an extremely high percentage, probably one of the highest in the world. So, could we design our project to ensure that 35 percent of the target households are female headed? Is that something that you would like to see? Female-headed households tend to be poorer than male-headed households, and they face multiple challenges, over and above those faced by male-headed households. Wouldn’t it be nice to ensure that female-headed households get access to energy, even if that means giving them special financial support? And by the way, did you know women are known to be better payers than men!? Minister of Finance [looking intrigued and interested but trying to hide it]: Yes . . . well . . . I don’t know . . . WB TTL [even more confident/enthusiastic]: Another way to address the problem, Mr. Minister, is through the jobs that our project will create in local communities! Wouldn’t it be nice to give jobs to unemployed single mothers and poor young women as well as young men? Ms. Minister, I am sure you would be delighted to see this happening! Right? 100 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > Appendix A: Role play scenario example Minister of Women’s Affairs: I would be very excited. Women face great barriers to economic opportunity in Ruritania because of predominant social beliefs that they are inferior to men. WB TTL [even more confident/enthusiastic]: That’s is very encouraging. No no, I mean very sad. . . . Women could be employed within off-grid energy services companies, and they could also get into the retail business of solar lanterns, for example! We all know that without targeted support, it is very unlikely that women would enter such a male-dominated sector! But we can offer a lot of support through multiple activities: for example, professional training targeted to men and women based on their specific needs. Minister of Finance [looking excited]: Oh! That sounds like a good idea. People will like this! WB TTL [continuing]: We can also provide training to the energy providers on the benefits of having women as well as men employees. You know, Mr. Minister, women communicate better with other women, they understand each other—have you noticed? [Wink] Companies that have hired women as bill collection officers—in Parador, for example— noticed that collection revenues increased! It has been argued that women are less likely to engage in corrupt practices and are more transparent. And of course, when the client is a woman as well, it makes things easier. Minister of Finance [looking interested, smiling]: I see. . . . Yes, that makes sense. My wife is usually the one taking care of the bills of the house. . . . WB TTL [tentatively]: There you go! You know, Mr. Minister, we can also put in place incentives for the electricity companies to hire more women. What about giving minigrid concessions only to companies with a gender policy!? Minister of Finance [looking dismissive]: Oh no no no! I don’t think we can do that! That we can definitely not do! WB TTL [calming down]: OK, OK, we won’t do it then. . . . [silent break] Minister of Finance [looking almost convinced]: Hmmm. . . . All this is interesting. . . . I have not thought about these things. . . . But now that you explained. . . . Hmmm. . . . What does Ms. Riboul have to say? [looking at Ms. Riboul] What do you think Ms. Minister? TO BE CONTINUED! 101 GENDER AND ENERGY ROLE PLAYING: TRAINING GUIDEBOOK > References REFERENCES Almansi A., Y. C. Lee, and E. 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