The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) For Official Use Only Combined Project Information Documents / Integrated Safeguards Datasheet (PID/ISDS) Appraisal Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: November 2, 2017 | Report No: PIDISDSA21196 Nov 2, 2017 Page 1 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) BASIC INFORMATION OPS_TABLE_BASIC_DATA A. Basic Project Data Country Project ID Project Name Parent Project ID (if any) Colombia P160680 Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Practice Area (Lead) LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 07-Nov-2017 N/A Environment & Natural Resources Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency GEF Focal Area Investment Project Financing Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Agriculture Multi-focal area Rural Development and Rural Development (MADR) (MADR), Ministry of For Official Use Only Environment and Sustainable Development (MADS), National Planning Department (DNP), Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM) Proposed Development Objective(s) To improve enabling conditions for sustainable and low-carbon landscape planning and management in project targeted areas. Components Integrated Land- Use Planning and Improved Governance for Deforestation Control Sustainable Land- Use Management Definition of Emission Reduction Program and Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Project Management and Implementation arrangements Financing (in USD Million) Finance OLD Financing Source Amount BioCarbon Technical Assistance Trust Fund 20.00 Total Project Cost 20.00 Nov 2, 2017 Page 2 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) Environmental Assessment Category B - Partial Assessment OPS_TABLE_SAFEGUARDS_DEFERRED Have the Safeguards oversight and clearance functions been transferred to the Practice Manager? (Will not be disclosed) No Decision The review did authorize the preparation to continue Other Decision (as needed) The ESMF was cleared by RSA and disclosed on October 01, 2017 at WBG and in country on October 06, 2017 at the web page of the Colombian Ministry of Agriculture (MADR): For Official Use Only https://www.minagricultura.gov.co/Documentos%20Publicos/Resumen%20Ejecutivo%20MGAS%20Orinoquia%20(004 ).pdf B. Introduction and Context Country Context 1. Building the foundations for economic development with low deforestation1 and sustainable peace is the Government of Colombia (GoC)’s main policy objective. Colombia’s National Development Plan 2014 – 2018 (NDP)2 proposes transformational changes to achieve the equitable development of rural Colombia. To achieve this, the NDP sets ambitious goals that contribute toward low-carbon rural development, including: (1) reducing annual deforestation in Colombia to 90,000 hectares or less by 2018; (2) achieving zero net deforestation in the Colombian Amazon by 2020; (3) bringing 210,000 new hectares under restoration by 2018 and 700,000 more by 2020; and (4) ending loss of natural forest by 2030. Additionally, the “Plan Colombia Siembra� sets a goal of increasing cultivated land by 8.13 million hectares. Meanwhile, the Strategic Plan for Colombian Livestock proposes actions to significantly reduce the number of hectares used for cattle pasture (from 39 million hectares to 28 million hectares). 2. The recently signed peace agreement between the GoC and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) enables the country to move forward with development priorities , as proposed within the NDP. Achieving low carbon rural development and reduced deforestation in the context of the ongoing peace process will require addressing: rural-urban disparities; unsustainable agricultural production; local-level capacities to manage natural resources (and related conflicts); territorial planning; and land tenure issues.3,4 It will also require a democratic opening that allows marginalized 1 The AFOLU sector is the largest sources of emissions in Colombia. For the year 2012, the AFOLU contributed 43percent (76,016 Gg de CO2) of total emissions. Among AFOLU categories, conversion of forest lands to pastures and crops lands accounts for the greatest majority of emissions, followed by enteric fermentation. IDEAM (2015), Primer Informe Bienal de Actualizaci ón de Colombia. Bogota D.C., Colombia. Available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/colbur1.pdf 2 https://www.dnp.gov.co/Plan-Nacional-de-Desarrollo/Paginas/Que-es-el-Plan-Nacional-de-Desarrollo.aspx 3 Negret, P. J., Allan, J., Braczkowski, A., Maron, M., & Watson, J. E. M. (2017). Need for conservation planning in post-conflict Colombia. Conservation Biology, n/a-n/a. doi:10.1111/cobi.12902 Nov 2, 2017 Page 3 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) sectors (i.e. rural, indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities) to participate in decision making processes, while also facilitating the economic reintegration of former combatants. 5 3. Colombia is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of biodiversity and is generously endowed with forests, land, oil and mineral resources. Exploitation of natural capital is a key component of Colombia’s development agenda. However, this development agenda is increasingly moving toward a more sustainable one, in part because Colombia is facing critical environmental challenges (such as air and water -pollution, ecosystems and forest -transformation, biodiversity and habitat loss and landscape degradation) and also due to extreme natural events and climate change. 4. The GoC has taken an active role in the fight against climate change and biodiversity loss in international negotiations and public policy formulation. Moreover, the GoC has expressed its commitment to the Aichi Targets and Paris agreement. As part of its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), the GoC has committed to reduce 20 percent of GHG emissions against the business as usual level by and (if provided with international financial support) to reduce emissions by 30 percent by 2030. In this context, the GoC has formulated its climate change policy and set an For Official Use Only institutional framework to address climate change adaptation and mitigation, the National Climate Change System (SISCLIMA). Finally, the GoC launched on February, 2017 the “Green Growth Mission6� gathering a task force of experts for a two-year process to make policy recommendations to steer economic development during 2017-30. Sectoral and Institutional Context 5. The GoC considers the Orinoquia region to offer promising conditions for implementing the BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes (ISFL). This region is considered one of the last agricultural frontiers in the world. It offers the opportunity to develop a model of integral rural reform as laid out in the Peace Agreement, and as described in the Master Plan for the Orinoquia, led by DNP.7 The region’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rose 16.8 times (DNP, 2014) and it is projected that this trend will increase. The GoC’s intention is to consolidate the region as the country’s center for agri-business development, while making sure to promote a sustainable development pathway for the Orinoquia. Thus, the selection of the region as ISFL jurisdiction is mainly motivated by the Government’s vision to promote approaches for reducing AFOLU emissions at landscape scale, through sound land-use planning and innovative financial incentives. 6. For the proposed operation, the Orinoquia region8 will be limited to four departments: Arauca, Casanare, Meta and Vichada. These departments comprise an area of 25 million hectares and account 4 Castro-Nunez, A., Mertz, O., & Quintero, M. (2016). Propensity of farmers to conserve forest within REDD+ projects in areas affected by armed-conflict. Forest Policy and Economics, 66, 22-30. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2016.02.005 5 Morales, L. (2017). Peace and Environmental Protection in Colombia: Proposals for Sustainable Rural Development. Inter-American Dialogue. 6https://www.dnp.gov.co/Crecimiento-Verde/Paginas/Misión-de-crecimiento-verde.aspx#googtrans/gl/en 7 The Master Plan for the Orinoquia is a DNP led strategy for the region’s economic, sustainable and inclusive development through the identification, prioritization and management of strategic projects in coordination with other regional initiatives. 8 The three departments of Guaviare, Vaupés and Guainía, have been classified as part of the Amazon biome jurisdiction. Nov 2, 2017 Page 4 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) for about 34 percent of Colombia’s AFOLU GHG emissions9. The region is formed by 59 municipalities and is inhabited by 1.37 million people (3.2 percent of the country’s total), 32 percent of whom are located in rural areas, including 117 indigenous reserves that host 25 ethnic groups.10 7. The Orinoquia Region has great diversity of ecosystems that include: Andean foothill (Piedemont) transition area to the Andean forests; tropical dry savannahs; seasonally inundated savannahs; transition areas to the forest Amazon biome. The Orinoquia hosts 167 species of mammals, including 26 that are threatened. It is also home to 783 species of birds, 658 types of fish, as well as 2,692 flowering plant species.11 35percent of the Orinoquia’s species are endemic to the region. In addition, the region is characterized by its richness in water resources and wetlands, representing 34percent of the country’s total.12 Furthermore, the Orinoco macro-basin is considered the third largest riparian system in the world thanks to its average per second (m3/s) discharge of almost 36,000 m3 of water into the Atlantic Ocean and the second largest riparian system in terms of runoff (as expressed in millimeters per year).13 8. The departments of Meta, Casanare, Arauca and Vichada generate 7 percent of the national For Official Use Only GDP. The agricultural sector significantly contributes to the economies of Meta (8 percent), Casanare (10percent) and Arauca (23percent), while the economy of Vichada is mainly based on the services sector. The Region has 7.2 percent of Colombia’s agricultural land. Nonetheless, only 2.2 percent of this land is being used for agricultural purposes. Meanwhile, about 40percent of the region’s land (10.2 million ha) has potential for agriculture, cattle ranching or forestry14. However, the Orinoquia region is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Average rise in temperature forecast for the upcoming decades (2050) is expected to be between 1.5 - 2.3°C, with a reduction of +/- 5 percent in rainfall.15 9. Between 2008 and 2014, 176,385 hectares of land have been transformed for cultivation (a 47 percent increase). Current land-use trends show that oil palm has had the greatest increase in plantation area (113,990 hectares). However, other land-use changes related to forest plantations, and agricultural commodities (such as maize, soybean, forage grasses, and rice) have also taken place, especially in the Altillanura (Meta and Vichada). Although this increase in mechanized agriculture and associated infrastructure has occurred in recent decades16, much of the area has not yet been fully developed, in part due to lack of adequate infrastructure, and land tenure insecurity17. 9 http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/colbur1.pdf 10 These reserves have a formally constituted collective territory. Communities own the land and have legal protection (1989 Agreement No. 169, 1991 Law 21) for the use and management of the territory according to their traditional uses and customs (ANT, URT / 2017). 11 WWF (2014), Identifying Highly Biodiverse Savannas based on the European Union Renewable Energy Directive (SuLu Map), Bogotá, Colombia 12 idem 13 It includes three of the eleven rivers of Colombia whose flows are over 1,000 m3/s (Guaviare, Vichada and Meta); 71 percent of marsh ecosystems; 36 percent of Colombian rivers with a flow of more than 10 m3/s (Cipav et al., 1998, quoted in Orinoco Macro-basin Strategic Plan). 14 The category “others� in the figure include: urban areas (0.06 percent), national and regional protected areas (7.7 percent) , indigenous reserves (16.8 percent), protective forest reserves, civil society natural reserves, peasant reserve zones, among others. 15 http://modelos.ideam.gov.co/media/dynamic/escenarios/escenarios-de-cambio-climatico-2015.pdf 16 Cattle ranching, palm oil and rice utilize the most surface area. Palm oil represents 53percent of the national production and rubber represents 45percent. (DANE 2014, Third National agricultural census). The region gathers 20percent of the total country’s cattle inventory, with approx.. 40 thousand cattle farms using extensive cattle systems, due to the low prices of land and the low soil fertility (ICA, 2016). 17 An estimated of 60 percent of rural land are held without title. Nov 2, 2017 Page 5 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) 10. Without proper State promotion and enforcement of sustainable development criteria, new large-scale investments on agriculture could increase pressure on terrestrial ecosystems leading to an increase in AFOLU emissions. Sectoral policies to promote economic and agricultural development and to create conditions for “sustainable (and peaceful) development of rural Colombia� could influence stakeholder’s decisions regarding land use and land cover change. Other scenarios that may alter land-use patterns relate to the GoC’s plans of increasing bio-fuel production over 3 million hectares by 2020. Additional pressures to terrestrial ecosystems could arise from land restitutions programs, as well as from programs for reallocating former combatants. 11. Climate change mitigation efforts in the Orinoquia - in particular those related the agriculture and forestry (AFOLU) - are aligned with peacebuilding priorities. It is anticipated that the strategies leading to the reduction of AFOLU emissions will overlap in the territory with actions to accomplish agreements related to sustainable rural development laid out in the peace agreement.18 The FARC had strong presence in all Orinoquia departments and controlled the territory and its resources per decades. Despite FARC demobilization, multiple armed groups, including the ELN, Paramilitary Groups and new criminal gangs (bandas criminales) still dispute control over the territory and its resources. 19 For Official Use Only Those groups include various paramilitary groups including the Urabeños, the ACMV (for Spanish Autodefensas Campesinas de Meta y Vichada), the ERPAC (for Spanish Ejército Revolucionario Popular Antisubversivo de Colombia) and the Libertadores del Vichada. AFOLU GHG Emission in the Orinoquia Region 12. The Orinoquía region is responsible for 16.8percent of national emissions (corresponding to 34,321 Gg CO2eq)20 and the AFOLU sector is the major determinant of the region's emissions (80.6percent). 53percent of the AFOLU GHG emissions in the Orinoquia region are related to the conversion of forest to pasture lands (deforestation), mostly in Meta Department. Over the period 1990-2015 the region lost over 1 million hectares of forest, which constituted about 20percent of national deforestation.21 The second most important category of emissions is methane from enteric fermentation (11percent), followed by forest degradation (10percent), land conversions to cropland (7percent) and nitrous oxide emissions from soil management (7percent). The main causes of deforestation in the Orinoquia include expansion of areas for cattle grazing, lack of land-use planning and incentives for sustainable practices, as well as illicit activities, including the clearing of forests for the planting of Coca. This is aggravated by land use competition regarding legal and illegal uses, particularly in forest frontiers and remote municipalities that are characterized by low institutional presence and control, and land tenure uncertainty. 13. Historical trends in key sources of AFOLU emissions and removal in the Orinoquia region are expected to increase. Business-As-Usual (BAU) preliminary estimates22, suggest that by the year 2040 18 Castro-Nunez, A., Mertz, O., Sosa, C.C. (2017) Geographic overlaps between priority areas for forest carbon-storage efforts and those for delivering peacebuilding programs: implications for policy design. Environmental Research Letters. 19 Guía para la aplicación del “Lente para la Construcción de Paz�. – Llano: Arauca, Casanare, Guainía, Meta, Vaupés y Vichada. Equipo de país del Banco Mundial, Colombia. 2017. 20 http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/colbur1.pdf 21 http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/sala-de-prensa/ 22 Developed by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) based on historical trends (2003-2008) Nov 2, 2017 Page 6 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) aggregate emissions from deforestation, enteric fermentation, rice and managed soils increase at least 10percent as compared with the historic average (2003-2010). This scenario considers neither the emerging institutional (e.g ZIDRES) and political (e.g. peace agreement between the CoG and the FARC) context nor development plans for the Orinoquia Region (Plan Maestro, Colombia Siembra, etc.). A key role to address this will be played by the Regional Climate Change Committee for the Orinoquia (NORECCO) created by the GoC and linked to the SISCLIMA. Higher Level Objectives to which the Project Contributes 14. The proposed operation is consistent with the World Bank Group’s Country Partnership Framework (CPF) 2016-2021, and particularly Pillar 1, which includes the key aim of “Enhanced Capacity for Natural Resource Management in Target Regions�. This operation also aligns with the cross-cutting theme under the CPF “Constructing the Peace� by promoting an approach that responds to the dual goal of peace-building and environmental sustainability. The project is also aligned with the WBG Forest Action Plan FY16-20 and its two focus areas: (i) sustainable forestry, and (ii) forest-smart interventions. Given that the project will deliver results on climate change mitigation in the land use For Official Use Only sector, it also aligns with the WBG Climate Change Action Plan (2016). The proposed operation also complements a series of World Bank led operations, as indicated in Annex 5 of PAD. 15. The proposed operation aligns with Colombia’s development goals defined in the Colombian National Development Plan –NDP- (2014-2018)23, its territorial approach and its green growth strategy. The latter promotes sustainable and low carbon growth, and aims at protecting and ensuring the sustainable use of the country’s natural capital. The GoC’s territorial planning agenda includes reforms: (i) to improve land use planning, and (ii) to implement a multipurpose cadastre policy that includes a systematic land tenure inventory and land tenure formalization. The operation supports the Government’s program to renew Colombia’s territorial development plans, called “POT Modernos� by mainstreaming environmental considerations into territorial planning processes. The operation also aligns to the REDD+ National Strategy, it will contribute to Colombia’s National Determined Contribution (NDC), its commitments under the Bonn Challenge and the LAC 20x20 restoration initiative, and to the NAMA for the forest and cattle ranching sector. The operation will also support the Colombia’s long term strategy for MRV (MRV203024). 16. The operation contributes toward the sustainable development goals for the Orinoquia Region. Specifically, the operation contributes to the implementation of the Regional Climate Change Plan for Orinoquia in Meta, Casanare, Vichada and Arauca (PRICCO, for its Spanish acronyms) launched in May, 2017. In doing so, the operation will take into account, the new studies, such as the Orinoco Macro basin’s ‘Strategic Water Plan’, led by the Humboldt Institute and the ‘Third National Communication on Climate Change’ carried out by IDEAM. Finally, the project will contribute to the implementation of Master Plan for the Orinoquia, developed by National Planning Department. C. Proposed Development Objective(s) Development Objective(s) (From PAD) 23 https://www.dnp.gov.co/Plan-Nacional-de-Desarrollo/Paginas/Que-es-el-Plan-Nacional-de-Desarrollo.aspx 24 The MRV2030 Strategy aims to develop an integrated analytical framework to monitor, estimate, report, account for and verify emissions and removals from all sources and sinks in the AFOLU sector that falls under IDEAM’s leadership. Nov 2, 2017 Page 7 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) 17. To improve enabling conditions for sustainable and low-carbon landscape planning and management in project targeted areas Key Results 18. The proposed project’s development Indicators for the operation include the following: • Territorial planning instruments strengthened with sustainable and low-carbon landscape management criteria in selected areas, as a result of the project; • Agricultural policy instruments for promoting the adoption of sustainable and low-carbon landscape management in selected areas are adopted, as a result of the project • Emission Reduction Program for the Orinoquia region prepared under leadership of MADR, MADS and IDEAM and submitted for decision meeting with the BioCarbon Fund. Project Beneficiaries 19. The project will benefit government institutions at local, regional and national levels by enhancing their capacities to create the enabling conditions for sustainable and low carbon landscape management25 in prioritized municipalities. Government institutions in charge of land-use planning will For Official Use Only benefit from access to key information to support regional planning. They will also benefit from activities aimed at improving capacities to mainstream environmental and climate change considerations into formulation of local and regional level policy, land use planning and land tenure instruments. Regional Environmental Corporations (CARs), as well as the Regional Governments, Local Municipalities and other Government institutions participating in the Regional Node of the Orinoquia (NORECCO for its Spanish acronyms) of the SISCLIMA, will benefit from capacity building to develop: land-use planning, policy instruments that contribute to reducing deforestation, and instruments to promote adoption of sustainable and low carbon landscape management. 20. The capacities of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR), Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (MADS), Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) and DNP will be strengthened via key environmental information and improved capacities to develop sectoral strategies, public policies and programs for reducing AFOLU GHG emissions. IDEAM’s capacities to account for emission reductions from AFOLU at jurisdictional scale will be enhanced, and contribute to implementation of its MRV2030 Strategy.26 Support to MADR will enhance low-carbon development impacts on policy and investment interventions. The development of criteria and guidelines for incorporating considerations into DPN’s instruments will contribute to low-carbon development planning at a national scale (beyond the Orinoquia region). 21. Local stakeholders, such as ethnic communities, farmers, producers’ associations, women’s groups and agribusiness will benefit through participation in land use planning, as well as capacity building activities for mainstreaming low-carbon development practices/approaches. The project’s support to the design and implementation of zero deforestation agreements in the region by private actors will serve as a vehicle for rural development, biodiversity conservation and emissions reductions, 25 In a sustainable landscape approach, essential natural capital is maintained by promoting the use of best practices in production, planning and local decision-making processes to ensure the healthy provision of ecosystem services and the improvement of human well-being. http://www.conservation.org/publications/Documents/CI-Science-to-Policy-Sustainable-Landscape-Approach.pdf 26 The operation will complement national resources and other programs such as the Joint Declaration of Intent (JDI); REDD+ Early Movers (REM-Visión Amazonia) and potential new sources of funding. Nov 2, 2017 Page 8 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) benefiting buyers, but also producers and local communities. The inhabitants of the 4 departments will benefit overall from the project’s outcomes in terms of securing ecosystem services, as well as from improved government’s capacities and policies to better manage the region’s natural resources and to clarify land tenure. D. Project Description 22. The proposed Orinoquia Sustainable Integrated Landscape (OSIL) project is part of a broader program for the region, funded by the BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes (ISFL). The ‘ISFL program’ will be implemented in two phases: a Technical Assistance (TA) phase and an emission reduction (ER) phase via the establishment of a performance-based payments mechanism to achieve AFOLU GHG emission reductions at a regional level 23. The Theory of Change for the project follows an analysis of direct and indirect causes of emissions in Orinoquia, considering the critical factors that need to be addressed to reverse the situation. These factors are then clustered into components of the project. The logic is the following: AFOLU emissions in the Orinoquia27 should be divided into two groups: historic emissions and projected emissions. Both, historic and future emissions are due to land use change and land For Official Use Only management practices. The main direct causes of historic emission include deforestation, forest degradation, unsustainable livestock practices, fertilizers, and fires; while projected emissions are due to future deforestation, conversion of natural habitat, transformation of agriculture cropping systems and agricultural management practices such as fertilizer use, enteric fermentation, rice cultivation, etc. There are many underlying causes/barriers/critical factors that allow all the above direct causes to happen, for example: lack of land use planning; weak land tenure and outdated land cadastre/ registry; lack of knowledge regarding low carbon agriculture technology packages; fertilizer subsidies and lack of incentives for low carbon development. In order to address historic and future projected emissions, the project will follow a two-pronged approach. Particularly, component 1 will finance activities to address historic emissions (ie. Sustainable Land use and Deforestation control measures) as well as future emissions (ie. Land use planning mainstreaming environmental criteria and Land tenure regularization). Component 2 will support activities directed to historic emissions (i.e. knowledge generation and extension services for low carbon development) and others to avoid future emissions (i.e. promotion of public-private partnerships (PPP), policy development, environmental requirements, and incentives). Finally, component 3 will set up the Monitoring and Verification (MRV) system and develop the Emissions Reduction (ER)- Program. 24. Given the ongoing peace-building process, the project has also been developed applying the peace lens approach28 and based on the documented evidence that strategies for reducing the structural causes of conflict can create the enabling conditions for adoption of sustainable and low carbon natural resource management, which in turn can contribute to peacebuilding.29,30 25. The proposed project supports the Technical Assistance (TA) phase (four-year period, US$20.0 million) aims at improving the necessary enabling environment and the preparatory activities for the 27 Approximately 60percent based on the report conducted in 2017 by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) 28 Guía para la aplicación del “Lente para la Construcción de Paz�; Annex 8: Llano: Arauca, Casanare, Guainía, Meta, Vaupés y Vi chada. WBG, GSURR GP, Colombia. July, 2017 29 Castro-Nunez, A., Mertz, O., Quintero, M. (2016) Propensity of farmers to conserve forest within REDD+ projects in areas affected by armed-conflict. Forest Policy and Economics 66, 22-30. 30 The proposed operation will also establish close collaboration with the activities financed by the WB’s Post-Conflict Multi-Donor Trust fund (MDTF) in support of Colombia’s peace process. Nov 2, 2017 Page 9 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) implementation of a results-based program (ER-Program). To determine TA intervention area at municipal level, five prioritization criteria have been defined: (i) representativeness of the region’s institutional, socio-economic and biophysical context (ii) representation of the 4 departments targeted; iii) contribution to the region’s AFOLU emissions; iii) presence of deforestation hotspots, (iv) incidence of the armed conflict; and, (v) ecological integrity and vulnerability to biodiversity loss. The preliminary list of municipalities is: (i) Meta: Mapiripan, Puerto Gaitán, Villavicencio or Acacias, and La Macarena or La Uribe; (ii) Arauca: Arauquita or Puerto Rondón; (iii) Vichada: Puerto Carreño, Primavera or Santa Rosalia; (iv) Casanare: Paz de Ariporo. The final selection of these municipalities will be conducted at the beginning of the TA project following a methodological approach that combines analytical and statistical tools with a participatory process involving government and non-government institutions. Project Components 26. The project has four components, that are briefly described as follows: For Official Use Only Component 1. Integrated land- use planning and improved governance for deforestation control (US$5.9 million) 27. Unplanned developments in the 4 departments have an important impact on environmental integrity of forest, savanna and wetland ecosystems in the Orinoquia region. A clear and comprehensive land-use planning framework that indicates, based on environmental criteria and land suitability, where agricultural development, extractive activities and urbanization can occur while guaranteeing a sustainable development of the Orinoquia region and the delimitation of the agriculture frontier is currently absent. This component will support capacity-building to strengthen policy and planning instruments addressing historic and future drivers of AFOLU GHG emissions. More specifically, it will address the current fragmentation of land-use planning instruments and lack of alignment with high level environmental objectives, the lack of accurate up-to-date information and maps on current land-use and potential land uses, the lack of environmental criteria for development of land-use plans and land tenure regularization, the need for instruments to address trade-offs between land uses and multi-sectoral interests, and the lack of Government enforcement capacity for deforestation control. Activities funded will contribute to address two barriers for achieving rural development and sustainable peace: inadequate territorial planning and land tenure insecurity. Furthermore, by implementing activities for controlling deforestation, it is anticipated that the component will also contribute to improving State presence in areas affected by violence and illicit activities, thus reducing illegal land acquisition and land related conflicts, which are commonly linked to deforestation in the region. 28. Subcomponent 1.1. Mainstreaming environmental considerations into land-use planning instruments and land tenure processes (US$ 4.0 million). Under DNP’s coordination, the subcomponent will support consultancy services, technical assistance and training activities at the regional and local levels to mainstream environmental criteria into land-use planning instruments; and conduct land tenure regularization processes. This will contribute to narrowing information gaps, enhance land-use decision-making and alignment of planning instruments with national and regional Nov 2, 2017 Page 10 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) climate and land-use policies. The subcomponent will specifically finance in prioritized landscapes and municipalities: (i) a status diagnostic in selected municipalities of the existing land-use planning instruments31 to determine the assistance needed for improving their formulation and implementation; (ii) training and institutional capacity building related to land-use planning for national, regional and local entities involved with natural resource management in prioritized landscapes; (iii) based on the identification of information gaps in the prioritized planning instruments, finance goods that will strengthen its formulation through the analysis of spatial data, and/ or the generation of higher resolution maps, ; (iv) in alignment with the WB funded “Colombia Multi-Purpose Cadastre Project� (P162594), finance technical assistance for the inclusion of key environment variables and data-gathering for the multipurpose cadastre and support inter-operability between the cadastre and the Colombian Environmental Information System (SIAC) and when feasible expand coverage of the multi-purpose cadaster; (v) assistance towards a systematic land tenure regularization32 in a prioritized municipality (where the multi-purpose cadastral survey has been conducted and new POTs and PODs developed or being developed), establishing protocols that include environmental considerations; and, (vi) mainstreaming environmental considerations into future ZIDRES33 investments (e.g. application of the principles of responsible investments, alignment of For Official Use Only investments with zero deforestation agreements, commitment to adoption of low-carbon practices, participation of small-farmers and cooperatives in potentially large-scale investments). 29. Subcomponent 1.2: Strengthening capacities for Land use regulation enforcement and deforestation control (US$ 1.9 million). This subcomponent, under the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment, will support the implementation of key activities included in the Colombia’s Integrated Strategy for Deforestation Control and Sustainable Forest Management (EICB y GSB, for Spanish acronyms) in Orinoquia’s deforestation hot-spots. In particular, it will provide technical assistance for: (i) establishing a legal forest cluster in the region supported by a sustainable forest management plan, capacity building on forest legality, and a business exchange on sustainably sourced wood products from the region; and, (ii) development and implementation of an action plan for regional coordination on deforestation control in at least two deforestation hot-spots in the Orinoquia region. Component 2. Sustainable land-use and management (Total: US$ 6.1 million BioCF). 30. Led by MADR in close coordination with MADS, component 2 aims to generate information, capacities and incentives to reduce AFOLU GHG emissions derived from unsustainable land-use and from land-use changes. The component will contribute to mitigate historical and expected increases in emissions due to unsustainable and/or GHG intensive land management practices (e.g. excessive fertilizer use, natural savanna burning practices, expansive cattle ranching, tillage, etc.). Overall, component 2 activities are oriented toward supporting the identification, validation and adoption of better agricultural/productive practices by supporting knowledge gaps and strengthening incentives (financial and non-financial), in alignment with sustainable and low carbon landscape management objectives. By designing instruments for promoting low carbon and climate resilience productive 31 Within the territorial planning instruments that may be considered are the: Territorial Land Planning Plans (POT) (at the municipal level); watershed management plans (POMCAS); departmental land planning plans (POD); Territorial Approach Development Plans (PDETs); zoning instruments and the management plans of protected areas. If interventions involve POMCAs, DNP will coordinate activities with MADS. 32 Planes de Ordenamiento Social de la Propiedad led by the National Land Agency (ANT). 33 Zones of Interest for Economic and Social Development in Rural Areas. The Zidres are special territories, far away from urban areas, with low population density and limited infrastructure and where agriculture, cattle ranching or fisheries productive industries can be developed in partnership between large businesses and small and medium producers that do not own land. Nov 2, 2017 Page 11 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) systems, as well as by enhancing TA programs and coordination between relevant stakeholders, the project will contribute to the understanding of the effective practices and/or technologies that promote climate smart production, and on the options for mainstreaming such practices and technologies in key production systems in the region. This will contribute to reducing the historical disparity between urban and rural areas, one of the structural causes of the Colombian conflict.34 Component activities will be implemented in selected productive landscapes within prioritized municipalities. 31. Subcomponent 2.1: Strengthening public/private sector coordination and engagement for targeting low carbon development goals (US$ 1.0 million). This subcomponent will support the future transformation of selected productive landscapes towards a low-carbon development pattern by supporting the identification and validation of better agricultural practices and addressing knowledge gaps via participatory research and assessments. It will do so by supporting existing multi-stakeholder dialogues/platforms. There are a set of ongoing platforms for dialogue in the region, which have already identified some potential practices/technologies for adaptation and mitigation (e.g. the Regional Comprehensive Climate Change Plan for Orinoquia—PRICCO)35, and others around specific For Official Use Only sectors (AMTEC36 in rice, silvopastoral systems, etc.). The subcomponent will support the further analysis of costs and trade-offs around identified practices/technological packages and will explore complementarities across sub-sectors (e.g. sustainable palm oil-livestock landscapes). Specific activities include: i) Fulfillment of information gaps in the identification of climate-smart practices and their prioritization to local/landscape context, ii) cost-benefit analysis of identified practices and technologies, iii) identification of bottlenecks to implementation of the proposed practices and technologies, iv) establishment of public-private sector agreements in order to set green investment portfolios for low carbon and climate resilience productive systems in the selected landscapes. The prioritization exercise, at the landscape level, under this subcomponent will inform other project activities, such as the project’s expected support to mainstreaming sustainability criteria into the ZIDRES law (component 1) and the definition of opportunities in alignment with the new payments for environmental services (PES) Law and other conservation incentives. 32. Subcomponent 2.2: Capacity strengthening for prioritization and implementation of practices, technologies, and approaches aligned with low carbon and climate resilience productive activities (US$ 3.6 million). Capacity-strengthening and training activities will target local institutions, extension agents, producers, and producers’ associations or “gremios.� Activities to be supported include: (i) piloting training and farmer-extension schemes (face-to-face and potentially virtual) ; (ii) piloting a new technical assistance model (“Greening my Farm�) for aligning farm-level land use planning processes with productivity and low-carbon emission objectives; (iii) supporting technical assistance programs led by the “gremios�37 to mainstream low-carbon criteria in agriculture investments; and iv) preparation of guidelines and other technical tools for the inclusion of sustainability and low carbon considerations into planned projects/investment programs (i.e. agribusiness projects developing by ZIDRES Program). 33. Subcomponent 2.3: Design of financing and non-financing incentives to promote the adoption of 34 Conpes 3850 Fondo para la Paz 35 Some of the adaptation measures highlighted by this plan refer to the AFOLU sector: http://www.minambiente.gov.co/index.php/noticias/2857-la-orinoquia-ya-cuenta-con-un-plan-regional-integral-de-cambio-climatico 36 AMTEC is a technology for the rice sector to increase yields, reduce GHG emissions, and reduce production costs for rice cultivation. 37 See e.g. “Open Call for Technical Assistance of Agroindustrial Sector Guilds´s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Productive Transformation Program PTP of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Tourism Nov 2, 2017 Page 12 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) low-carbon and sustainable practices and technologies (US$ 1.5 million). The subcomponent will finance consultancy services and technical assistance to develop a portfolio of incentive mechanisms to promote adoption of climate smart agricultural practices. These incentive mechanisms will be subsequently inserted into local policies and programs such as Agricultural Credit Policy, the Green Growth National Strategy, Colombia Sustainable Fund, Productive Alliances Program (PAAP) and other Government and non-Government related programs. Activities to be supported include: (i) design and assess the feasibility for implementation and expansion of financial products led by FINAGRO38 according with climate smart agricultural practices; (ii) design and pilot assess of the feasibility of a financial and technical proposal for the application of the new Payment for Environmental Service (PES) regulatory framework within the ERPA program aligned with the Regional Green Business l Program; (iii) design and evaluate the feasibility of a "PAAP + CO2" mechanism, whose objective is to expand the Rural Productive Partnerships Project for (PAAP) in alignment with private initiatives in the framework of carbon neutral regulation (MADS) to promote low carbon production for the main products / production systems. Component 3. Definition of Emission Reduction Program (ER Program) and Monitoring, Reporting For Official Use Only and Verification (MRV) (US$ 6.0 million) 34. Component 3 will finance TA for the preparation of the Emission Reduction (ER) Program for result- based payments (for up to US $50 million). It will further strengthen institutional capacities and the enabling environment to accomplish BioCF’s requirements related to carbon accounting and social and environmental safeguards. The component encompasses two main subcomponents: 35. Subcomponent 3.1: Developing country capacity for robust monitoring, reporting, accounting and verification of AFOLU emissions and removals (US$4.4 million). This Subcomponent will be led by IDEAM with MADS support and will contribute to the design of a country-wide MRV system that enables tracking of Colombia’s AFOLU mitigation efforts under its NDC, and provides inputs for low - carbon planning. The following activities will be implemented: (i) support the conceptual design and assessment of technical, technological and legal requirements (where applicable) and options for a unified analytical framework to support Colombia’s MRV system for AFOLU (considering the specific inputs, outputs and partners relevant to the Orinoquia region that would be achieved/involved); (ii) gathering, processing and analysis of geospatial and field based data including activity data (AD) and emission factors (EF) for key AFOLU subcategories; (iii) development of the jurisdictional emissions baseline that will be used as benchmark to assess performance of the ER Program and make payments; (iv) acquisition of technologies and equipment needed to fulfill the abovementioned activities, covering also the associated training and capacity-building activities 36. Subcomponent 3.2: Preparation of the Emissions Reductions Program (US$1.6 million). Under the coordination of MADS and IDEAM, this subcomponent will finance the preparation of the ER Program, in line with the ISFL ER Program Requirements. Activities under this subcomponent will also improve the state-wide enabling environment to accomplish BioCF requirements for ER payments, particularly39: (i) preparation of the ER Program document; (ii) design and implementation of a 38 FINAGRO is a fund which seeks to increase the production and marketing activities of the agricultural and livestock sector. The fund was established on 22 January 1990 as a second-tier bank. 39 Activities under this sub-component will rely on and be linked to tools and capacities already in place in Colombia, such as those being developing as part of the REDD+ Readiness Program for reporting on the accomplishing of safeguards, and for sharing of benefits. Nov 2, 2017 Page 13 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) participatory and inclusive consultation and stakeholder information process; (iii) preparation of a land and resource tenure assessment in the OSIL area; (iv) design of an equitable benefit sharing arrangement for monetary and non-monetary benefits of the ER-Program; (v) design and implementation of the Safeguards instruments to be used under the OSIL Emission Reduction Program; (vi) establishment and operation of the OSIL platform for sharing lessons and experiences. Component 4. Project Management and Implementation arrangements (US$2.0 million) 37. This component will finance training, travels, consultants and operational costs to strengthen the institutional and implementation arrangements for the project day-to-day operation, including (i) operation of the project implementation unit under the Ministry of Agriculture (with team members from other implementing agencies); (ii) the regional support team based in the Orinoquia departments (iii) project supervision, monitoring and evaluation; (iv) supervise implementation of benefit-sharing plans; (v) supervision of the feedback and grievance redress mechanism; (vi) communication and information sharing for the project; and, (vii) financial costs (including external audits). For Official Use Only Sustainability 38. The sustainability and potential for scaling up of the OSIL program is found in the long-term financial and nonfinancial benefits that will be achieved as a result of the project activities. a) Improvements in the enabling environment (such as institutional, technical, and implementation capacity and the regulatory framework for sustainable management of forests) will sustain beyond the project’s lifespan. b) The technical assistance provided will support the definition of tools and methodologies that can then be scaled up in the context of the ER Program. The development of clear activities that can also be replicated and scaled by additional partners will also support sustainability. c) The selection of targeted municipalities followed criteria (including historic GHG Inventory) that allowed to identify the areas where a right mix of interventions will be possible to conduct and scale up. d) Participatory land use planning that includes environmental and climate change considerations will be a tool for short-, medium-, and long-term decision making regarding all involved sectors. e) Land tenure regularization will unlock existing barriers for long term investments in the land. f) The ownership and implementation of the program across Government institutions will make sustainable resource management practices an integral part of national land use planning and development efforts. The current support from the highest level of government to climate change and biodiversity investments is key to the program’s sustainability. g) The TA heavily builds on the regional plan for climate change mitigation that defines mitigation measures (some of which promoted by this TA) and that includes a financing strategy and plan for scaling up interventions. h) Involvement of the private sector will contribute to the sustainability of land use planning that is mutually beneficial to the private sector actors and the local communities. i) Financial incentives in the form of livelihood benefits, agricultural enterprises and value chain development, access to natural resources, and potential payments for ERs will be designed aiming to be implemented beyond the project’s duration. j) Sustainability of the technical assistance will be complemented with national and Nov 2, 2017 Page 14 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) international co-financing and by the results-based carbon payment operation for verified ERs. The BioCF grant supports both, a regional (NORECCO) and a national coordination mechanism (Steering Committee) to allow for funding coordination in order to channel resources towards relevant emissions reducing measures. In addition, the ER payments could be used primarily to ensure sustainability of land use interventions as well as to scale up action and land use planning within targeted municipalities and landscapes. E. Implementation Institutional and implementation arrangements 39.The lead implementation agency for this project will be the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR) in charge of formulating policies and manage plans, programs and projects for the agricultural, fishing and rural development sectors. MADR will be the Grant Recipient, and sign the grant agreement with the World Bank. The funds flow, disbursement and accounting will be managed within the MADR. For coordination and implementation of project activities, a tripartite agreement will be signed between MADR and the two main partners: the national executive Ministry of Environment For Official Use Only and Sustainable Development (MADS), in charge of formulating, implementing, and orienting environmental policy to ensure the sustainable development of the country; and the administrative agency National Planning Department (DNP) in charge of defining, recommending and promoting public and economic policy. Particularly, the implementation responsibilities are as follows: Subcomponent 1.1 will be coordinated by DNP; Subcomponent 1.2 by MADS; Component 2 will be conducted jointly by MADR and MADS; and, MADS together with the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) 40 will be responsible for the implementation of Component 3. 40. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be housed in the MADR, in its Innovation and Technological Development directorate of the Vice Ministry of Agriculture Affairs. It will include a team of technical experts that support the line ministries (MADR, MADS/IDEAM, DNP) in implementing project activities, and a team of administrative staff under the overall guidance of a Technical Coordinator. The PIU will be in charge of executing the annual work plan and budget (approved by the Steering Committee and acceptable to the WB), and overall technical supervision of project implementation. The team will be selected within the first three months of grant signing through a competitive process led by MADR and approved by the National Steering Committee. 41. The National Project Steering Committee -Comité Directivo- (NPSC). To ensure proper coordination and decision making of a project that involves a number of different sectors at national and regional level, an NPSC will be established within the first month after grant signing, to provide guidance, decision making on implementation and oversight. It will be composed by the Vice-Minister for Agricultural Affairs (MADR), the Vice- Minister of MADS, the Director of IDEAM and the Sub- director of DNP, or their delegates, and the chair of NORECCO. 42. The Technical Committee (TC). The TC will comprise directors from technical units of MADR 40 IDEAM, is a government agency of the MADS. It is in charge of producing and managing the scientific and technical information on the environment of Colombia, and its territorial composition. The IDEAM also serves as the Colombian institute of meteorology and studies the climate of Colombia.. The IDEAM also serves as the Colombian institute of meteorology and studies the climate of Colombia.. The IDEAM houses the Colombian forest monitoring system. The IDEAM developed the only FRL in the country: “Forest Reference E mission Level for deforestation in the Colombian Amazon Biome� which has been approved by the UNFCCC Nov 2, 2017 Page 15 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) (Innovation and Technological Development Directorate), DNP (Environment and Sustainability Directorate, Territorial Development Directorate), MADS (Forest Directorate, Climate Change Directorate), IDEAM and technical institutions involved in project implementation including the Rural Development Agency, the National Land Agency, the Agency for Renovation of the Territory (ART), the Agriculture and Rural Planning Unit (UPRA), the Fund for Agricultural Sector Promotion (FINAGRO) and the Sustainable Regional Autonomous Corporations. The TC will provide an advisory technical role and will be consulted as needed, both collectively or on a one to one basis depending on the technical inquiry. 43. Regional Support Teams (RST). A regional support –technical and administrative- team for the project related activities will be hired and located with the entity chairing the NORECCO (this rotates between CORMACARENA and CORPORINOQUIA) 41. Additional staff will be located in the departments, either in the offices of the regional environmental authorities or in the departmental governments (Gobernaciones). For Official Use Only . 41 The Regional Climate Change Committee for the Orinoquia (NORECCO) involves national entities (MADS, MADR, DNP, IDEAM), regional entities and government agencies, regional environmental authorities (CARs)- CORMACARENA Y CORPORINOQUIA, municipalities, CSOs, Indigenous Peoples Organizations (IPOs), as well as also productive sectors and the private sector. This platform will be key for consultation, dissemination and outreach processes and will be at the center of the regional-level institutional arrangement for the program’s implementation. Nov 2, 2017 Page 16 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) F. Project location and Salient physical characteristics relevant to the safeguard analysis (if known) 44. For the purpose of this Project, the Orinoquia region includes four departments, Arauca, Casanare, Vichada, and Meta. Other departments (Guaviare, Vaupés and Guainía) have been classified as part of the Amazon biome jurisdiction and thus the proposed project will not intervene in these areas. During the preparation TA phase, specific analysis will be conducted in order to delineate the jurisdiction to be covered as target areas by the operation. To determine geographic location at municipal level, five prioritization criteria have been defined: (i) representativeness of the region’s institutional, socio-economic and biophysical context (ii) representation of the 4 departments targeted in the region; iii) contribution to the region’s AFOLU emissions; iii) presence of deforestation hotspots, (iv) incidence of the armed conflict; and, (v) ecological integrity and vulnerability to biodiversity loss. Two main groups were preliminary identified: the first group included three municipalities in Meta that together contribute with approximately 25percent of the region´s emissions; and a second group in terms of importance of AFOLU emissions includes municipalities in Casanare and Meta. By adding further criteria, the preliminary list of municipalities is: (i) Meta: Mapiripan, Puerto Gaitán, Villavicencio or Acacias, and La Macarena or La Uribe; (ii) Arauca: Arauquita or Puerto Rondón; (iii) Vichada: Puerto Carreño, Primavera or Santa Rosalia; (iv) Casanare: Paz de Apiporo. The final selection of these municipalities will be conducted at the beginning of the TA project following a methodological For Official Use Only approach that combines analytical and statistical tools with a participatory process involving government and non- government institutions. Orinoquía’s biophysical characteristics 45. The Orinoco region is one of the five natural regions of Colombia and its limits are marked by the Arauca, Meta, and Orinoco rivers, which form natural boundaries with Venezuela. Furthermore, the region consists of four main sub- types of ecosystems: 46. The Piedemonte Llanero located in the foothills of the Andean mountain range, concentrates the majority of population and economic activity in the Orinoquia region. Its soils are fertile and it is characterized by a mosaic of agricultural activities and natural forest. 47. The tropical savannas of the Altillanura located between the Meta and Vichada rivers, stretch across the departments of Meta, Vichada, and Casanare. The soils in the Altillanura have a high aluminum content and lack organic matter, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus. However, the flat topography is ideal for grain, oil seed, energy crops and forest plantations. It’s warm and rainy climate allows for two harvests a year (July/ August; November/ December). The Altillanura ecosystem is intersected by gallery forests that follow the courses of the streams and it rivers are very sensitive to the hydrological changes in the region. 48. The seasonally flooded savannas covering the departments of Arauca and Casanare with low and moderately fertile soils are apt for oil seed, grain and bioenergy seed production. This area is used for extensive cattle ranching. This landscape is complex, including various ecosystems such as wetlands, peat lands and seasonal swamp forests. The area has been recognized globally as a center of high ecosystem and carbon value as well as flora and fauna biodiversity42. The area is dominated by herbaceous vegetation with patches of shrubs and trees in floodplains 42 A recent WWF report states that the Orinoco basin has 71percent of water and swamps in Colombia, and home to 167 mammal species, among which 26 species are threatened, 783 bird species and 658 fish species, as well as 2692 flowering plant species. World Wildlife Fund Colombia (2014): Identifying Highly Biodiverse Savannas based on the European Union Renewable Energy Directive (SuLu Map)- Conceptual background and technical guidance. WWF Colombia. According to DNP, the region, has 156 different types of ecosystems of high conservation value and 11 protected areas. Nov 2, 2017 Page 17 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) forming a mosaic landscape of grasslands, wetlands and riparian forests. Its aquatic ecosystems (paramos, flooded savannas and wetlands) play in important role in regulating the water regime, climate and carbon cycle. These savannas are also subject to a periodic fire regime that usually peaks in the dry season between December and early April and represent a significant portion of burned areas of South America43. Savanna lands and wetland transformation will have a significant impact on GHG emissions since these changes would influence ecological processes including fire regimes, soil water and carbon storage, and carbon sinks in gallery and Amazonian forests44. 49. Finally, the Andean and Amazonas Orinocense covers the departments of Vichada and southeast Meta which includes savanna landscape and Amazonian rainforest. In this area, unsustainable cattle ranching and smallholder farming constitute threats to the standing Andean and Amazon forests. The Sierra de Macarena is the transition area between the Amazon and Orinoco regions. Orinoquia’s social characteristics 50. The Orinoquia region and specifically the 4 departments where the project will operate is formed by 59 municipalities and is inhabited by 1.37 million people (3.2 percent of the country’s total), 32 percent of whom are For Official Use Only located in rural areas, including indigenous reserves that host 25 ethnic groups. Most of the population lives in the Piedemonte Llanero ecosystem, in the foothills of the Andean mountain range, concentrating the majority of the economic activity in the region. 51. The majority of the population live in urban areas. Social conditions in the region’s departments vary between rural and urban areas and between departments with oil production (Meta and Casanare) in contrast with those with indigenous populations (Vichada). Access to roads is an important variable for communities to have access to basic services like education and health. In addition, the municipalities with higher rural population have been those more affected by the armed conflict. Overall, poverty is concentrated in the rural areas of all the departments and mostly in those inhabited by indigenous people and those that had a higher presence of illicit crops and armed groups. 52. Most of the population in this region came from the colonization from the center of the country that started around the 1950s motivated by the violence period that started in 1948 and later by the different economic booms (rubber, forestry, hunt/fishing, marihuana and coca, rice and the most recent, African palm and oil). The first colonists arrived to open, wild lands without formal owners and without government presence. At the end of the 50s, the first guerrilla groups arrived at the region and created different settlements under their control45. 53. An important native population also lives in this region, corresponding to 7.7 percent of the region’s population. Afro descendent groups also live in the Orinoquia and represent 8 percent of the total population. In the four departments, are 117 indigenous reserves: 42 in the department of Vichada, 35 in Arauca, 27 in Meta and 13 in Casanare, which cover 27percent of the total area of the four departments, with 25 different ethnic groups (Table 1). 43 Savannas are being considered the most important biomes in terms of fire events in South America. It has been estimated that between 2000-2008, the savannas of Colombia and Venezuela contribute 25percent of overall fires on the continent, of which Colombia’s savannas contribute 65percent. See Romero -Ruiz, M. et al. (2010): Spatial and temporal variability of fires in relation to ecosystems, land tenure and rainfall in savannas of northern South America, in: Global Change Biology 16, 2013- 2013. 44 The Orinoquia region has about 2.2 Mio. ha of standing forests. See World Bank/ DNP: Low Carbon Development for Colombia, p.90 45 Source: http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/nacional/12-textos-de-alfredo-molano-sobre-el-origen-delconflic-articulo-506947 27 de julio 2014. Nov 2, 2017 Page 18 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) These Reserves have a formally constituted collective territory, in which the head of their traditional authorities are the owners of these lands, and have legal protection (Convention 169 from the OIT of 1989, Law 21 of 1991) for the use and management of the territory according to its traditional customs. Table 1. Indigenous reserves in the Orinoquia Region percent of the Number of department Department indigenous Ethnicities area that covers reserves the reserves Vichada 42 39percent Amorua-Guahibo, Cubeo-Curripaco-Piapoco- Piaroa-Puinave, Curripaco, Guahibo, Piapoco, Piapoco (de Piaroa, Sáliba, Sikuani. Arauca 35 40percent Cuiba, Cuiba-Hitnu, Guahibo, Macahuan, Macahuan Itnu Cuiba De La Conquista, Piapoco, For Official Use Only Sikuani, Tunebo (U'wa), Tunebo (U'wa-Uwa- Lache), Uwa. Meta 27 19percent Achagua, Emberá Katio, Guahibo, Guanano, Guayabero, Paéz, Paez Nasa, Piapoco, Pijaos, Sáliba, Uitoto. Casanare 13 13percent Cuiba, Guahibo, Sáliba Tunebo (U'wa). Source: ANT, URT / 2017 54. Indigenous peoples have been experiencing a gradual loss of their ancestral knowledge and forms of cultural expression. An example of these dynamics is the clash between indigenous and settlers, the clash between traditional production systems and the market economy, or processes of Catholic and Protestant evangelization, all of which generate conflicts or solutions that are foreign to the culture of indigenous peoples. The indigenous people together with the internally displaced population46, are the most vulnerable groups in the Orinoquia. Some of these population still suffer from isolation and do not have proper access to basic services such as education, health, electricity as well as access to markets. These communities present high levels of illiteracy, school dropouts, malnutrition and poverty. 46 Most of the internally displaced population lives in the urban areas of Meta and Arauca. Nov 2, 2017 Page 19 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) For Official Use Only 55. The complexity of the region’s economy is due to its mixed character: one part presents agriculture and mining development generating important revenues for the country; another is linked with illegal sectors of the economy (illicit crops and illegal mining); and in parallel, another subsistence economy linked with traditional uses of the land by indigenous communities and farmers with high levels of poverty. 56. The peace agreement signed between the GoC and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) enables the country to move forward with development priorities, as proposed within the National Development Plan (NDP). Achieving low carbon rural development and reduced deforestation in the context of the ongoing peace process will require addressing: rural-urban disparities; unsustainable agricultural production; local-level capacities to manage natural resources (and related conflicts); territorial planning; and land tenure issues. It will also require a process that allows marginalized sectors (i.e. rural, indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities) to participate in decision making processes, while also facilitating the economic reintegration of former combatants. 57. The main causes of deforestation in the Orinoquia include expansion of areas for cattle grazing, lack of land-use planning and incentives for sustainable practices, as well as illicit activities, including the clearing of forests for the planting of Coca. This is aggravated by land use competition regarding legal and illegal uses, particularly in forest frontiers and remote municipalities that are characterized by low institutional presence and control, and land tenure uncertainty. 58. Without proper State control following sustainable development criteria, new large-scale investments on agriculture could increase pressure on terrestrial ecosystems leading to an increase in AFOLU emissions. Sectoral policies to promote economic and agricultural development and to create conditions for “sustainable (and peaceful) development of rural Colombia� could influence stakeholder’s decisions regarding land use and land cover change. Other scenarios that may alter land-use patterns relate to the Government of Colombia’s plans of increasing bio-fuel Nov 2, 2017 Page 20 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) production over 3 million hectares by 2020. Additional pressures to terrestrial ecosystems could arise from land restitutions programs, as well as from programs for reallocating former combatants. 59. Climate change mitigation efforts in the Orinoquia - in particular those related the agriculture and forestry (AFOLU) - would be aligned with peacebuilding priorities. The FARC had strong presence in all Orinoquia departments and controlled the territory and its resources per decades. It is anticipated that the strategies leading to the reduction of AFOLU emissions will overlap in the territory with actions to accomplish agreements related to sustainable rural development as laid out in the peace agreement with the FARC.47 However, despite FARC demobilization, multiple armed groups, including the ELN, Paramilitary Groups48 and new criminal gangs (bandas criminales) still dispute control over the territory and its resources.49 This poses a challenge for actions to be conducted and the process in which the Governments regains control of the region. G. Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists on the Team For Official Use Only Dora Patricia Andrade, Environmental Safeguards Specialist Arelia Jacive Lopez Castaneda, Social Safeguards Specialist SAFEGUARD POLICIES THAT MIGHT APPLY Safeguard Policies Triggered? Explanation (Optional) The proposed operation is categorized as environmental risk Category B. The project is primarily focused on land-use and productive sector planning, and preparation of a land-based emission reduction program. No direct investments will be financed, nor will preparation of infrastructure Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.01 Yes investments be supported through the project components. The project therefore is consistent with a category B classification. Long term environmental impacts are expected to be mostly positive, and generate benefits associated 47 Castro-Nunez, A., Mertz, O., Sosa, C.C. (2017) Geographic overlaps between priority areas for forest carbon-storage efforts and those for delivering peacebuilding programs: implications for policy design. Environmental Research Letters. 48 The paramilitary groups include the Urabeños, the ACMV (for Spanish Autodefensas Campesinas de Meta y Vichada), the ERPAC (for Spanish Ejército Revolucionario Popular Antisubversivo de Colombia) and the Libertadores del Vichada. 49 Guía para la aplicación del “Lente para la Construcción de Paz�. – Llano: Arauca, Casanare, Guainía, Meta, Vaupés y Vichada. Equipo de país del Banco Mundial, Colombia. 2017. Nov 2, 2017 Page 21 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) with stronger capacity for planning land use, identification and design of innovative technologies and agricultural best practices, and, mainstreaming low carbon and sustainability criteria into productive systems. However, the policy is triggered as the policy-based and preparation activities imply potential environmental and social impacts. An Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared to guide the TA advice to the different sectors and is consistent with a Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) for REDD+ for the region. In this line, during project preparation, a lot of studies have been developed and socialized in the Orinoquia Region50, which involved wide, free and informed consultations with different stakeholders including For Official Use Only vulnerable groups (i.e. women, indigenous, Afro- Colombians, Campesino communities and communities affected by the conflict zones). These studies are inputs for the development of the ESMF, which identified the potential impacts, legal framework and information gaps involved in the activities to be financed particularly those related with the planning and integrated management of low-carbon and sustainable agricultural practices, cattle ranching and commercial forestry. The ESMF includes guidelines and sustainability criteria to be followed for development of the technical assistance activities funded by the project. This will ensure that the activities promoted and included in the land planning instruments will prevent and reduce adverse impacts on natural resources (such as opening forest land for agriculture, inadequate management of non-timber resources, water pollution), generate positive impacts on communities’ livelihoods, and contribute to restore degraded land into integrated productive systems. All the TA activities will be consistent with the Operational Policies and the WBG Environmental and Safety related to the project (i.e. Agribusiness/Food Production, Livestock, Forestry, etc). 50 Master Plan of Orinoquía Region; Green Growth National Strategy, Colombia Sustainable Fund, Productive Alliances Program (PAAP), Deforestation Control Strategy, Regional Climate Change Plan for the Orinoquia (PRICCO), etc. Nov 2, 2017 Page 22 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) The ESMF also includes an Annex 6 detailing draft TOR for the Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (IPPF) that will be prepared for Emission Reduction Program, The ESMF also includes an Annex detailing draft TORs for the ESMF that will be prepared for the Emission Reduction Program. The ESMF was disclosed and consulted prior to appraisal. (WB Infoshop, October 1, 2017; Web-page of Colombia’s Ministry of Agriculture October 06,2017) This policy is triggered. Even though the proposed activities are expected to have a positive impact on natural habitats, land-use planning could result in For Official Use Only legal land clearing in areas that have critical or natural habitats. This could occur if land-use plans are poorly designed or as the result of political compromises. The application of this policy seeks to ensure that all land use options (including potential creation or expansion of protected areas, agricultural development, among others) promoted by the technical assistance take into account the conservation of biodiversity, as well as the numerous environmental services and products that natural habitats provide to the region’s society. Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.04 Yes Biodiverse Savannas of the Orinoquia region are recognized globally as centers of high ecosystem and biodiversity. The agro-industrial development promoted in the Orinoquia region can have significant impact on biological diversity, the water cycle and ecosystem services. Overall, the TA activities are expected to have significant positive impacts on natural habitats. The TA will promote land use models that sustain economic development, promote multiple use landscape management, and increase/protect critical conservation areas enhancing the delivery of environmental services, while maintaining ecological integrity at a territorial level. The team will ensure that the activities supported by the TA will be consistent with the policy and will be included in the Nov 2, 2017 Page 23 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) TOR’ for the different activities planned. This OP has been triggered to ensure that the activities supported by the TA will be consistent with the policy. The Orinoquia region now ranks second in the country in terms of deforestation, with an annual loss of 1.3percent of forested areas. The activities Forests OP/BP 4.36 Yes supported by the TA will promote sustainable land- use planning and management leading to reduced in deforestation and forest degradation. The criteria and TOR’s developed during the TA (including the definition of the ER-Program) will consider the requirements of the Operational Bank’s Policy regarding forest management. This OP has been triggered to ensure that the For Official Use Only activities supported by the TA will be consistent with the policy. Land use planning and management Pest Management OP 4.09 Yes promoted by the TA shall prevent the use of hazardous agrochemicals in agricultural and reforestation activities. This OP has been triggered to ensure that the activities supported by the TA will be consistent with the policy. The TA activities will assess if some of the forests or landscapes prioritized in the project, have historical or cultural significance to local Physical Cultural Resources OP/BP 4.11 Yes communities (including spiritual and sacred areas). Although it is not anticipated that the project will have negative impacts on any such sites, the TA will follow procedures to respond to potential impacts on culturally important sites. This OP has been triggered to ensure that the activities supported by the TA will be consistent with the policy. There are 117 Indigenous Reserves (resguardos) that cover 27percent of the total area of the four departments, with 25 different ethnic groups. Afro descendent groups also live in the Orinoquia and represent 8 percent of the total Indigenous Peoples OP/BP 4.10 Yes population. During project preparation, an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) developed that specifies the social groups including “Resguardos� present in the target project area. The ESMF provides a brief overview of the types of Nov 2, 2017 Page 24 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) land tenure in the area, land ownership, indigenous peoples land rights, the issues with land tenure that the TA and resulting regularization activities are meant to address, risks to the land rights of IPs and other groups. The ESMF includes an annex detailing requirements for development of an Indigenous People Planning Framework (IPPF) that includes the following i) Legal Framework and Instruments for the protection of the individual and collective rights of indigenous communities and peoples ii) Land tenure for indigenous communities iii) Processes for the identification of Indigenous Peoples that form part of the project affected populations and consultation processes with these groups iv) Identification of For Official Use Only potential risks associated with Technical Assistance focusing on the potential loss of land for Indigenous Peoples v) TORs for the development of the relevant components of the Technical Assistance phase; VI) Follow-up and monitoring of the IPPF. The activities promoted by the TA will consider social criteria consistent with the OP 4.10 preventing or mitigating down-stream impacts with the indigenous population living in the target area. Under OP 4.10, free, prior and informed consultation will be conducted with a view to gain community support from the affected Indigenous Peoples and Afro- Colombian communities with collective rights. Representation of indigenous peoples and afro- descendant communities will be in line with Colombia’s legal framework for indigenous peoples (Law 21) and afro-Colombian communities (Law 70) establishing the various formal platforms for consultation between the Government and Indigenous Peoples and Afro-Colombian communities, in close coordination with the Ministry of Interior. The ESMF also includes an Annex 6 detailing draft TOR for the Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (IPPF) that will be prepared for Emission Reduction Program. Nov 2, 2017 Page 25 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) No direct investments will be financed, nor will preparation of infrastructure investments be supported through the project components. Physical relocation or land acquisition will not be required for project activities, nor will there be any loss of assets as a result of project activities. This OP has been triggered to ensure that the activities supported by the TA will be consistent with the policy. The project will provide Technical Assistance to improve the enabling condition for sustainable and low carbon landscape management in the Orinoquia’s region and as such will not result in direct social impacts that need an involuntary For Official Use Only resettlement. In addition, project activities will not Yes result in restriction of access to natural resources. Triggering the OP 4.12. Involuntary Resettlement policy will allow identifying the social criteria that guide the government in the planning process and conducting TA activities in line with the operational policy to prevent any resettlement and restriction of Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12 access to natural resources The ESMF includes a chapter on main elements of the Process Framework (PF). This includes the criteria to “Ruta para la Declaratoria de Nuevas �reas y Ampliaciones en el Sistema Nacional de �reas Protegidas� and also includes the specific mechanisms to ensure meaningful consultation of communities, and free prior informed consultation of IP group. The “road map� includes the preparatory steps for the identification and declaration of Protected Areas, including delimitation and zoning; social participation in the identification and assessment of affected population and possible social impacts from proposed activities; and the definition of recommendations for mitigation or assistance measures to be implemented by competent authorities to improve livelihoods and enhance the environmental sustainability of the territory. Also, annexed to the ESMF are ToR for the Process Framework (PF) (Annex 8), as well as TOR for the Nov 2, 2017 Page 26 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) development of land tenure regularization plans (social property management plans) (Annex 9) for the Orinoquia Emission Reductions Program. This policy is not triggered given that the project will not support the construction or rehabilitation of Safety of Dams OP/BP 4.37 No dams nor will support other investments that rely on the services of existing dams. This policy is not triggered because the proposed project will not affect International waterways. The interventions do not involve hydroelectric, irrigation, flood control, navigation, drainage, water and sewage, or similar projects involving the use or possible contamination of international Projects on International Waterways No watercourses. Anyway, the possible intervention OP/BP 7.50 For Official Use Only areas will be analyzed during the identification process more accurately to provide preventive criteria’s in the pest management activities that could generate negative impact related with superficial and underground bodies of water in the watersheds This policy is not triggered because the proposed Projects in Disputed Areas OP/BP 7.60 No project will not affect disputed areas as defined under the policy. KEY SAFEGUARD POLICY ISSUES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT A. Summary of Key Safeguard Issues 1. Describe any safeguard issues and impacts associated with the proposed project. Identify and describe any potential large scale, significant and/or irreversible impacts: As a Technical Assistance project, there will be no direct interventions in the field, so no potential environmental or social negative impacts will be derived from this. To the contrary, the TA activities will be focused in incorporating social and environmental, sustainable and low carbon variables into different instruments like territorial planning, legal and normative policies (such as ZIDRES), technological models or productive arrangements, in order to promote sustainable low carbon rural development in the 4 departments involved in the project. 2. Describe any potential indirect and/or long term impacts due to anticipated future activities in the project area: The challenge of the technical assistance activities proposed in this project seeks to reverse the region’s current environmental deterioration, Orinoquía region has been considered one of the last agricultural frontiers in the world. The region’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased considerably since 2001 and it is projected that this trend will increase in the near future. Between 2008 and 2014, 176,385 hectares of land have been transformed for cultivation Nov 2, 2017 Page 27 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) (a 47 percent increase). Current land-use trends show that oil palm has had the greatest increase in plantation area (113,990 hectares). However, other land-use changes related to forest plantations, and agricultural commodities (such as maize, soybean, forage grasses, and rice) have also taken place, especially in the Altillanura (Meta and Vichada). Although this increase in mechanized agriculture and associated infrastructure has occurred in recent decades, much of the area has not yet been fully developed, in part due to lack of adequate infrastructure, and land tenure insecurity. Current productive development trends have impacted the region’s ecological dynamics. Transformation of natural ecosystems still persist from the expansion of the agricultural frontier, illicit crops, increase in cattle pastures, forced displacements of people, establishment of new settlements, increase infrastructure, mining, logging, and forest fires. Mono-culture crop cultivation and the ensuing land use changes have affected the region’s ecosystem services, including biodiversity habitats, water availability and carbon sequestration. The project intends to promote indirect and long term positive environmental and social impacts by improving the enabling environment that will allow for a sustainable and low carbon development in the region. A future implementation of the ER Program (to be designed by the TA project) will consolidate the positive impacts. However, if the approach is not enough to determinate large-scale transformations expected in the region from a productive standpoint, there could be a reputational risk for the Bank being associated closely with this process. For Official Use Only 3. Describe any project alternatives (if relevant) considered to help avoid or minimize adverse impacts. Historical trends in key sources of AFOLU emissions and removal in the Orinoquia region are expected to increase. Business as usual preliminary estimates , suggest that by the year 2040 aggregate emissions from deforestation, enteric fermentation, rice and managed soils will increase at least 10percent as compared with the historic average (2003-2010). This scenario considers neither the emerging institutional and political context nor development plans for the Orinoquia Region (such as the Master Plan for the Orinoquia). That’s why the Orinoquia Region offers the opportunity to develop a model of integral rural reform as laid out in the Peace Agreement, and as described in the Master Plan for the Orinoquia, led by DNP . The GoC’s intention is to consolidate the region as the country’s center for agri-business development while making sure to promote a sustainable development pathway for the Orinoquia. Thus, the selection of the region as ISFL jurisdiction is mainly motivated by the Government’s vision to promote approaches for reducing AFOLU emissions at landscape scale, through sound land-use planning and innovative financial incentives. An ESMF has been prepared to identify possible social and environmental impacts that might arise during the implementation of Technical Assistance and to provide considerations and prioritization criteria consistent with the operational safeguard policies of the World Bank in order to anticipate any negative impacts and establish appropriate mitigation measures. The ESMF includes social issues and topics including i) Land tenure ii) Indigenous people issues iii) involuntary restrictions on access to natural resources; iv) consultation: v) and finally, the TA will include mitigation measures consistent with OP 4.10 and OP 4.12 to prevent or mitigate down-stream impacts on the indigenous population living in the project affected areas, and ensuring that any restriction of access to natural resources is addressed. The ESMF includes an annex detailing requirements for development of the IPPF and PF following the policy provisions and the elements required under OPs 4.10 and 4.12. 4. Describe measures taken by the borrower to address safeguard policy issues. Provide an assessment of borrower capacity to plan and implement the measures described. This TA project was built on the basis of the technical experience and expertise found in MADS and MADR as a result of the implementation of other projects in Colombia. The GoC has proved adequate levels of technical capacity and experience in the development of similar projects including those involving strengthening of the protected area Nov 2, 2017 Page 28 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) system and the development of sustainable productive systems. Both MADS and MADR have institutional capacity and proven track record in implementing the Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies. MADS has a technically strong team at national level, working on REDD+ issues. Such team has good experience and engagement with a broad range of stakeholders, including Indigenous Peoples, campesino communities, Afro-Colombian peoples, small producers, and others. The Bank trained this team in 2015-2016 on Safeguards issues and in SESA processes including preparation of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). In addition, the MADR has been implementing the project Alianzas Productivas, as well as key studies: “Low carbon agricultural growth in the Orinoquia landscape, “Research and development for climate change mitigation in the Orinoquia�; and, “Evaluation of the public and private financing for a low carbon agricultural development in the Orinoquia� and has gained significant experience in implementing World Bank Safeguards. 5. Identify the key stakeholders and describe the mechanisms for consultation and disclosure on safeguard policies, with an emphasis on potentially affected people. Key Stakeholders: Government Institutions in charge of land-use planning at local, regional and national levels, representatives of agricultural, forestry and cattle ranching institutions, Environmental Regional Corporations (CARs), For Official Use Only Regional Node of the Orinoquia (NORECO from its Spanish acronyms) of the SISCLIMA, IDEAM, Multinational Agencies participating in the region, Local stakeholders, (including indigenous communities), farmers, producers associations and agribusiness, population displaced or affected by the conflict. Regarding the consultation mechanism this operation will promote a multisectoral regional dialogue, via the establishment of a multi-stakeholder platform that reflect the convergence of institutional efforts and investments by public and private actors in the Orinoquia region. In addition, in line with Colombia’s legal framework for indigenous peoples (Law 21) and afro-Colombian communities (Law 70) the project will support required consultations between the Government and Indigenous Peoples guía Region at the analytical participatory mechanism SESA will be the basis for the identification and analysis of the environmental and social potential impacts and mitigation measures that will be an important part of the ESMF. The ESMF establishes the procedures for addressing potential environmental and social impacts from the implementation of TA activities, including associated mitigation measures. In addition, an extensive and inclusive consultation process that has been conducted among a wide group of diverse stakeholders, representatives and Decision-Making Bodies of institutions related to the preparation of the REDD+ strategy in Colombia. The fist consultation took place October 20, 2017, the process of consulting the ESMF and its annexes was carried out in Villavicencio, Meta. This consultation took place within the framework of the Extraordinary meeting of the Technical Committee and Steering Committee of the Orinoquia Regional Climate Change Platform (Nodo Regional de Cambio Climatico para la Orinoquia, NORECCO). This platform represents national, regional and local institutions concerning the Orinoquia region, as well as regional CSO, private sector and IP. The consultation was attended by more than 15 entities and public, social and private organizations in the region. The project will include a participatory process with the key stakeholders during the implementation process project, to ensure the project will include social and environmental criteria and generate a positive impact. During the consultation process, key and relevant stakeholders did not make any comments to the ESMF and considered that the ESMF detailed the risks and action steps needed to avoid or mitigate any impacts. In addition, the ESMF proposes social and environmental criteria that ensure that the project includes positive and culturally appropriate impacts. Nov 2, 2017 Page 29 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) B. Disclosure Requirements (N.B. The sections below appear only if corresponding safeguard policy is triggered) OPS_EA_DISCLOSURE_TABLE Environmental Assessment/Audit/Management Plan/Other For category A projects, date of Date of receipt by the Bank Date of submission for disclosure distributing the Executive Summary of the EA to the Executive Directors Sept 15, 2017 October 01, 2017 "In country" Disclosure Oct 06, 2017 at the web page of Colombian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR) https://www.minagricultura.gov.co/Documentos%20Publicos/Resumen%20Ejecutivo%20MGAS%20Orinoquia%20(004).pdf OPS_RA_DISCLOSURE_TABLE For Official Use Only Resettlement Action Plan/Framework/Policy Process Sept 15, 2017 October 23, 2017 "In country" Disclosure October 06, 2017 web page of Colombian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR). https://www.minagricultura.gov.co/Documentos%20Publicos/Resumen%20Ejecutivo%20MGAS%20Orinoquia%20(004).pdf OPS_IP_DISCLOSURE_TABLE Indigenous Peoples Development Plan/Framework Sept 15, 2017 October 20, 2017 "In country" Disclosure: October 06, 2017 web page of Colombian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR). _PM_DI https://www.minagricultura.gov.co/Documentos%20Publicos/Resumen%20Ejecutivo%20MGAS%20Orinoquia%20(004).pdf Pest Management Plan Was the document disclosed prior to appraisal? Date of receipt by the Bank Date of submission for disclosure Nov 2, 2017 Page 30 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) "In country" Disclosure If the project triggers the Pest Management and/or Physical Cultural Resources policies, the respective issues are to be addressed and disclosed as part of the Environmental Assessment/Audit/or EMP. If in-country disclosure of any of the above documents is not expected, please explain why: The project is a TA; the development of safeguard instruments is not necessary at this stage, but will be developed as a product under Component 3. Components 1 and 2 will follow social and environmental criteria as detailed in the ESMF. C. Compliance Monitoring Indicators at the Corporate Level (to be filled in when the ISDS is finalized by the project decision meeting) (N.B. The sections below appear only if corresponding safeguard policy is triggered) OPS_EA_COMP_TABLE OP/BP/GP 4.01 - Environment Assessment Does the project require a stand-alone EA (including EMP) report? For Official Use Only Yes If yes, then did the Regional Environment Unit or Practice Manager (PM) review and approve the EA report? Yes Are the cost and the accountabilities for the EMP incorporated in the credit/loan? Yes OPS_NH_COMP_TABLE OP/BP 4.04 - Natural Habitats Would the project result in any significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats? No If the project would result in significant conversion or degradation of other (non-critical) natural habitats, does the project include mitigation measures acceptable to the Bank? NA OPS_PM_COMP_TABLE OP 4.09 - Pest Management Does the EA adequately address the pest management issues? Yes Is a separate PMP required? No If yes, has the PMP been reviewed and approved by a safeguards specialist or PM? Are PMP requirements included in project design? If yes, does the project team include a Pest Management Specialist? NA OPS_PCR_COMP_TABLE OP/BP 4.11 - Physical Cultural Resources Nov 2, 2017 Page 31 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) Does the EA include adequate measures related to cultural property? Yes Does the credit/loan incorporate mechanisms to mitigate the potential adverse impacts on cultural property? No OPS_IP_COMP_TABLE OP/BP 4.10 - Indigenous Peoples Has a separate Indigenous Peoples Plan/Planning Framework (as appropriate) been prepared in consultation with affected Indigenous Peoples? Yes OPS_IR_COMP_TABLE OP/BP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement For Official Use Only Has a resettlement plan/abbreviated plan/policy framework/process framework (as appropriate) been prepared? Yes If yes, then did the Regional unit responsible for safeguards or Practice Manager review the plan? Yes Is physical displacement/relocation expected? No Is economic displacement expected? (loss of assets or access to assets that leads to loss of income sources or other means of livelihoods) No OPS_FO_COMP_TABLE OP/BP 4.36 – Forests Has the sector-wide analysis of policy and institutional issues and constraints been carried out? Yes Does the project design include satisfactory measures to overcome these constraints? Yes Does the project finance commercial harvesting, and if so, does it include provisions for certification system? No OPS_PDI_COMP_TABLE The World Bank Policy on Disclosure of Information Nov 2, 2017 Page 32 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) Have relevant safeguard policies documents been sent to the World Bank for disclosure? Yes Have relevant documents been disclosed in-country in a public place in a form and language that are understandable and accessible to project-affected groups and local NGOs? Yes All Safeguard Policies Have satisfactory calendar, budget and clear institutional responsibilities been prepared for the implementation of measures related to safeguard policies? YES Have costs related to safeguard policy measures been included in the project cost? yes For Official Use Only Does the Monitoring and Evaluation system of the project include the monitoring of safeguard impacts and measures related to safeguard policies? yes Have satisfactory implementation arrangements been agreed with the borrower and the same been adequately reflected in the project legal documents? yes CONTACT POINT World Bank Paola Agostini Lead Environment Specialist Franka Braun Senior Carbon Finance Specialist Luz Berania Diaz Rios Senior Agribusiness Specialist Borrower/Client/Recipient Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR) Claudia Ximena Cuervo Director Innovation& Technological Development claudia.cuervo@minagricultura.gov.co Nov 2, 2017 Page 33 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) Implementing Agencies Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (MADS) Angélica María Mayolo Obregón Director, Office of International Affairs AMayolo@minambiente.gov.co National Planning Department (DNP) Javier Ignacio Pérez Burgos Director Sustainable Territorial Development japerez@dnp.gov.co Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM) For Official Use Only Maria Teresa Becerra Subdirector in Ecosystems mtbecerra@ideam.gov.co FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects APPROVAL Paola Agostini Task Team Leader(s): Franka Braun Luz Berania Diaz Rios Approved By Safeguards Advisor: Noreen Beg Practice Manager/Manager: Valerie Hickey Country Director: Gerardo Corrochano Nov 2, 2017 Page 34 of 35 The World Bank Sustainable Low-Carbon Development in Orinoquia region Project (P160680) For Official Use Only Nov 2, 2017 Page 35 of 35