81193 enGender Impact: The World Bank’s Gender Impact Evaluation Database 5 Years in Juntos: New Evidence on the Program's Short and Long-Term Impacts Author(s) Elizaveta Perova and Renos Vakis Contact eperova@worldbank.org Country Peru Organizing Theme Economic Opportunities and Access to Assets, Education and Skills, Health Status The CCT is ongoing but the analysis is complete Intervention Category Cash Transfer Sector Social Protection This study presents results from a quantitative impact evaluation of the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program, Juntos, in Peru. Using instrumental variable techniques, it estimates the overall impact of Juntos five years after its initial rollout and explores the differential impacts among beneficiaries according to the length of time they spent in the program. In so doing, the analysis explores whether it takes time for the program to make significant and sizable impacts; and whether some impacts change in magnitude the longer Abstract the beneficiaries spend in the program. The results seem to confirm both hypotheses: almost all indicators of interest are significantly higher among beneficiaries with longer treatment spells. However, in many cases these improvements are too small to be picked up in the analysis of overall effects, when beneficiaries are compared to non-beneficiaries. These findings suggest that while the program has a non negligible impact on welfare, there is room for improvement. Gender Connection Gender Focused Intervention Consumption, income, use of healthcare services, child labor, school enrollment, school Gender Outcomes attendance IE Design Instrumental Variable, Propensity Score Matching The program provides eligible households with a monthly cash transfer that is the same lump-sum payment for all households, regardless of family size. The program has two main conditions, mothers who are pregnant and have young children must attend regular Intervention checkups. Children between the age of 6-14 years must attend at least 85% of the school year. Districts were selected for participation based on exposure to violence and levels of poverty. Within the district, households were selected if they scored below a threshold on a proxy means test. Intervention Period 2005- Present; monthly cash transfers are provided The study utilizes nationally represented surveys and administrative data to estimate the Sample population impact for all recipients of the program. Based on calculations in different years and with different datasets, there are approximately 440,000-500,000 recipients households. Comparison conditions Pipeline comparisons and propensity score matching Last updated: 14 August 2013 1 enGender Impact: The World Bank’s Gender Impact Evaluation Database Unit of analysis Individual Level Evaluation Period 2005-2009; this study presents evidence 5 years after program implementation Participation in the program led to significant improvements in consumption, income, and poverty indicators among beneficiaries. However, the impacts are lower than comparable CCT programs that provide larger benefits. Children from beneficiary households were 69% more likely to have received health checks and 55% more likely to have sought medical attention when ill. Among women of childbearing age, the likelihood of doctor- Results assisted delivery improved my 91% and the contraception use increased 12%, other health variables such as experiences of illness and participation in health campaigns showed no impact. There were no significant impacts on child labor or school registration, attendance was significantly improved. The intensity of the impact is greater for those who have been in the program longer. Treatment and controls are matched on contemporaneous, rather than pre-treatment Primary study limitations variables. The community validation stage in the selection of beneficiaries guarantees that there is selection on unobservables. Funding Source Perova, E., & Vakis, R. (2012). 5 Years in Juntos: New Evidence on the Program’s Short Reference(s) and Long-Term Impacts. Economía, 35(69), 53-82. Link to Studies http://ezproxybib.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/economia/article/view/2710 Microdata Last updated: 14 August 2013 2