losure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized _~_ _ 0~~a - 4fj. __ Atlas / World BanWk ~qq- ----- - --- - -- - g_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The colors, boundaries, denominations, and classifications in this Atlas do Les couleurs, frontieres, appellations et classifications figurant dans cet Atlas Los colores, las fronteras, los nombres y las clasifheacionesque aparecen en not imply, on the part of the World Bank and its affiliates, any judgment on n'impliquent pas de la part de la Banque mondiale et de ses institutions affi- este Atlas no denotan, per parte del Banco Mundial y sus afiliadas, juicio the legal or other status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of lides qu'elles aient porth un jugement sur le statut juridique ou autre d'un alguno sobre la condicidn juridica o de otra especie de ninguno de los territo- any boundary. territoire quelconque, ni qu'elses aient reconnu ou accepte une frontihre rios, ni aprobaci6n o aceptacion de ninguna de tales fronteras. quelconque. The Eckert IV projection is used for all maps. It maintains correct areas for all En todos los mapas se ha utilizado Ia proyecci6n Eckert IV, quo permite man- countries but to someextent distorts shape, distance, and direction. Les planispheres ont ete etablis selon la projection Eckert IV qui donne une tener las superficies correctas de los paises, si bien a costa de algunas dis- representation exacte de la superficie de chaque pays, iloyennant quelques torsiones en cuanto a configuraci6n, distancias y orientaci6n. Copyright © 1997 distorsions dans les contours, les distances et les directions. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank Copyright ©. 1997 1818 H Street, NW Copyright © 1997 Banco Internacional de Reconstrucci6n y Fomento/Banco Mundial Washington, DC 20433 Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le developpement/ 1818 H Street, NW USA Banque mondiale Washington, DC 20433 1818 H Street, NW EE.UU. All rights reserved Washington, DC 20433 Manufactured in the United States of America USA Reservados todos los derechos First pdnting March 1997 Hecho en los Estados Unidos de Ambrica ISBN 0-8213-3576-6 Tous droits reserves Primera impresi6n, marzo de 1997 Imprime aux Etats-Unis d'Amerique Premier tirage mars 1997 Designed, edited, and produced by the American Writing division of Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C., and NewYork, with Grundy & Northedge, London. World Bank LWIA Atlas R.~~~~ I..- 9-Al~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- m F irKw4J#n l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** * *1* ' C C C o a ,~~~~ 10 - 0o o (a7 u) a IIl c -jH AL Mod~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ao 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0808~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1o'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ooodd 0,~~~~~~~oo 0 - . . ~~~~~~~~ (41,00 ~ -' ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~.00 ''' X 44M6,va c-~ - V7 Annual deforestation, 1980-90 22 Flujos netos de capital privado, 1995 40 Deboisement annuel, 1980-90 22 Telephone mainlines per thousand people, 1995 41 World population 2 Desforestaci6n anual, 1980-90 22 Lignes telephoniques principales pour 1 000 Foreword 5 Energyuse per capita, 1994 23 habitants, 1995 41 Avant-propos 5 Consommation d'energie par habitant, 1994 23 Lineas telef6nicas principales por cada 1.000 Prefacio 5 Consurno de energia per capita, 1994 23 personas, 1995 41 Introduction 6 Energy efficiency, 1994 24 States and markets statistics 42 Introduction 6 Rendement energetique, 1994 24 Introducci6n 7 Eficiencia del uso de la energia. 1994 24 Carbon dioxide emissions per capita, 1992 25 Emissions de dioxyde de carbone par habitant, 1992 25 Emisiones de didxido de carbono per capita, 1992 25 People 8 Environmental statistics 26 Population 8 Poblaci6n 9 ... Population growth rate, 1985-95 10 Taux de croissance de la population, 1985-95 10 Economy 28 Tasa de crecimiento de la poblaci6n, 1985-95 10 Economie 28 Poverty, 1981-95 11 Economia 29 Pauvrete, 1981-95 11 GNPper capita, 1995 30 Pobreza, 1981-95 11 PNB par habitant, 1995 30 Life expectancy at birth, 1995 12 PNB per capita, 1995 30 Esperance de vie a la naissance, 1995 12 GNPper capita growth rate, 1985-95 31 Esperanza de vida al nacer, 1995 12 Tauxde croissance du PNB par habitant, 1985-95 31 Infant mortality rate, 1995 13 Tasa de crecimiento del PNB per capita, 1985-95 31 Taux de mortalite infantile, 1995 13 Agriculture share in GDP,1995 32 Tasa de mortalidad infantil, 1995 13 Part de I'agriculture dans le PIB, 1995 32 Child malnutrition, 1989-95 14 Proporci6nde la agricultura en el PIB, 1995 32 Malnutrition chez les enfants, 1989-95 14 Trade share in GDP,1995 33 Malnutrici6n en la ninez, 1989-95 14 Part du commerce exterieur dans le PIB, 1995 33 Female labor force, 1995 15 Proporci6ndel comercio exterior en el PIB. 1995 33 Les femmes dans la population active, 1995 15 Investment share in GDP,1995 34 Mujeres en la poblaci6n activa, 1995 15 Part de l'investissement dans le PIB, 1995 34 Social statistics 16 Proporcionde la inversi6n en el PIB. 1995 34 Net aid flows per capita, 1994 35 Flux nets d'aide par habitant, 1994 35 Flujos netos de asistencia per capita. 1994 35 Environment 18 Economic statistics 36 Environnement 18 Medio ambiente 19 i . Annual water use per capita, 1980-95 20 Consommation d'eau annuelle par habitant, 1980-95 20 States and markets 38 Consumo anual de agua per capita, 1980-95 20 Etat et march6 38 Forest coverage, 1990 21 Estados y mercados 39 Couvert forestier. 1990 21 Net private capital flows, 1995 40 Cubierta forestal, 1990 21 Apports nets de capitaux prives, 1995 40 4 FOREWORD Foreword Avant-propos Prefacio Redesigned to becorne one of the World Repense en vue de son integration A'la serie des La edici6n de este afio del Atlas es mas larga v de Development Indicators family of products, this prodiiits sur les lorld Development Indicators, contcnido inas amplio, conforme a su nucvo Vear's Atlas has expand(ed in coverage and in I'Allas de cette annee a elargi son chanimp d'tude (liseno cOiiIo trabajo complemenitar-io cle Hllorld size. As in past years, it presents the fundamental et a vii sa pagination augmienter. C(omimille Developmient Indicators. (Cono en anos anteriores, development topics of People, Environment, prCc6dedimnent, ii couvre Population, se presentan los temias fimndanientales dcl desa- and Econoniv. But it also intr-odtices a fourthi sec- Enmironneinient et Economie. tons tIinies fon- rrollo: poblaci6n, medio ambiente v economia. Se tion-States and markets-presentinig new indi- damentaix poui- le (leveloppemnent. NIais il com- introduce ademiis ina citarta secci6n -Estados cators on private investment and infrastructure porte d6sorniais tine quatrieilne section - Etat v ier-cados- en la qtie se presentan nuevos and reflecting the interplay of a wvide ranige of et iniarcfi - qnii prlsenite de nouveaux indica- inclicacdor-es sobre la inversion privada v la development issues. temirs slii I investisselenit privC et les infrasti-irc- infraestruictiira v se (la ciuenta (le la interacciOn With thesc changes, we hope the Atlas wNill turcs, et t6mnoigne de l'intcraction dc tontc tinc entre una aniplia gama de cuestiones del desar- serve as a sumniary of its companiioni products, gaiiiiiie de problkines (le developpeliient. rollo. the orldl( D)evelopmientIndli(altas and its CD-ROM Ai nsi inodifif., A'tlas constittitera, notis I'rs- Esperamos (Itue, con la intirodtcci6n (le estos edition. It contains the same statistics for kev perons, till 1`eSU1r1C utile cles versions iniprimiee camibios, el Atlas sirva de sintesis de sus trabajos indicators, btt pi-esents thieiii in inaps, (charts. et electroniqute ( CD-ROM) des 11orld coniplemen tarios: World D)evelopmnentlnli(alors N anIc condensed tables For quick refet-erice. And it De7eo1Pspment Indicators. 11 fait r&f&rence aux sii version en CD-ROM. Las estadisticas relativas (I-aws on the specialized knowledge of the same niemies statistiques pour les indicatetirs cles, a los indicadores fundamiientales son las mismas, network of partners. mais les presente sous forme de cartes. dia- pero en el Atlas se presentaii en forina de miapas, All thiee prodticts are very ImlUchl works in grarnmes et tableaux resnLHIIs poui refilrence grSficos v cuadr-os resuniidos para su consulta progress, and we welcome your comments and rapide. Et il fait appel auix connaissances dii rapida. Asimismo, se han tomado como base los suggestions. mnier6seau de partenaires sp6cialis6s. conocimientos especializados de la niisriia red de Ces trois prodlits ktant eii devenir, nous colabor-acdores. Masood Ahmled sroiis lietiireiix (le rcce\oir tunites remilarIiies et Los tres trabajos son (It caracter preliniinar, Director; IinternlationialEEconomicsDepaartmenlt suggestions de votre part. por lo que agradecer-emos los comentarios v sugerenicias que puedan miierecerles. MIasood Alumed Dirt Otf dn Ip)artefmn t (le l conowim Masood Ahmed interna tion ale Directoi; De/artnriento de Econ omnia In tern acion al 5 Introduction Introduction This 29th World Bank Atlas has been redesigned as a companion to the new Ce 29 e World Bank Atlas a ete repense pour servir de compiement aux nou- World Development Indicators. Longer by a third, it also reflects some new veaux World Development Indicators. Un tiers plus long que les editions design features and changes in content. ant6rieures, il a donc aussi quelques caract6ristiques nouvelles et son con- Last year's Atlas had separate sections on People, Environment, and tenu a ete legerenient modifie. Economy. This year's adds a fourth-on States and markets-to throw light L'Atlas de l'an dernier comportait des sections distinctes sur la popula- on the respective roles of the state and the private sector and to provide tion, 1'environnement et l'economie. Cette annee, s'y ajoute une qua- indicators on the environment for private sector development. These trieme - sur l'ttat et le march6 - destinee a eclairer les roles respective- changes parallel the structure and treatment of the World Development mentjoues par l'Etat et le secteur prive et a fournir des indicateurs sur le Indicators. cadre du developpement du secteur prive. Ces modifications sont calquees The Atlas retains its primary strength of providing its readers with a sur la structure et la maniere d'aborder les problemes des World quick view of the state of life on our planet, measured by a range of key Development Indicators. development indicators and illustrated by colorful maps. Every effort has L'Atlas conserve son principal atout, qui est d'offrir a ses lecteurs un been made to standardize the data and to observe international defini- apercu de l'etat de la vie sur notre planete, mesure par toute une gammne tions and classifications, but differences in statistical and collection meth- d'indicateurs cles du developpement et ilhlstre par des cartes en couleurs. ods mean that the indicators are not always strictly comparable. The qual- Tout a ete mis en oeuvre pour normaliser les donnees et pour respecter les ity of the data also remains a major issue. As in earlier editions, brief definitions et classifications internationales, mais les differences qui peu- descriptions of the data are included in the technical notes. More detailed vent exister dans les menthodes statistiques et de collecte des donnees font notes are available in the World Development Indicators and in its CD-ROM que les indicateurs ne sont pas toujours strictement comparables. La qua- edition, which also includes time series. lite des donnees demeure aussi un probleme inajeur. Comme dans les edi- tions anterieures, les donnees sont brievement decrites dans les notes tech- niques. Des notes plus detaillees figurent dans les World Development Indicators et dans leur version CD-ROM, qui comporte aussi des series chronologiques. 6 Introducci6n En esta vigesima novena edici6n del World Bank Atlas se han introducido algunos cambios con el fin de complementar la nueva presentacion de WorldDevelopmentIndicators. La presente edici6n es un tercio mas larga que la anterior y en ella se incluyen algunas caracteristicas de disefio novedosas y modificaciones en su contenido. En el Atlas del anlo pasado habia secciones separadas sobre Poblaci6n, Medio Ambiente y Economia. Este afio se ha agregado otra secci6n, sobre Estados y mercados, con el fin de proporcionar algunos datos sobre los respectivos roles del Estado y el sector privado, e indicadores sobre las condiciones para el desarrollo de dicho sector. Con estas variaciones se ha conseguido una estructura y tratamiento similares a los de World DevelopmentIndicators. El Atlas mantiene su principal ventaja, que es proporcionar a sus lec- tores un panorama sucinto de las condiciones de vida en nuestro planeta, medidas por un conjunto de indicadores fundamentales del desarrollo, e ilustradas con mapas a todo color. No se han escatimado esfuerzos para uniformar los datos y observar las definiciones y clasificaciones interna- cionales, pero dadas las diferencias que existen en los metodos estadisticos y de recopilaci6n de datos, en algunos casos los indicadores no son estric- tamente comparables. La calidad de los datos tambien sigue siendo un problema importante. Como en ediciones anteriores, en las notas tecnicas se incluyen breves descripciones de los datos presentados. En World DevelopmentIndicators y su versi6n en CD-ROM, que tambien incluye series cronol6gicas, se presentan mas notas pormenorizadas. 7 People Population Living standards have beeii improving all over the wor-ld. Manv cleveloping Les niveaux lIe vie s'amneljiorent partoUt dtans Ie monde. Beauutiop (le pays countries have succeeded in recltciiig poverty. Infant mortality rates have en developpemient ont renssi a faire rectiler la patret. I-es tatix de mor- been cuit in half-from 107 per thotisand live births iri 1970 to 60 in 1995. talite infantile ouit ete redctits de moitie - passanit de 107 a 60 pour I 000 And life expeciancv at birth has increased from 5.5 vears io 64 years. F1iw naissances xivarites entie 1970( et 1995 pendant que I esperance (le vie r Ia world's popilationi today is healthlier, better edItucated, and better fed than naissance s'6levait de 55 a 64 ans. La population inondiale est aijoulrd'hiii it was 25 years ago. en meilleurle sant&, IlliCUX kCduquee et inietix noutr--ie qu'il v a 25 ans. These achievetments nevertheless hide vast disparities. More thalL 1.3 Ces r"susltats positifs ii'en caclient pas Imioiils 6'enorres disparites. P1LOu billion people live on less thiani a (dollar a day. about 60 percenit of- themil in (Ie 1.3 milliar-l dc'tres huitainis vivenlt avec mloimis (ce 1 dollar par jolr.-, Sotithi Asia anld Stib-Saharan Afrilca. Infant inortalitv rates rcimiain over 90( potir 60 'c d'entre ctIx en Asie dui StidI et en Afi-icut suIbsaliarienne. Les per thotsand live births in Sub-Saharan Africa antI 70 in Soutil Asia, coIII- tauix (le mortal iti infanitile restenit stipf-ieurs a 90 poiur- I 000 naissauces pared with 40 in East Asia. Life expectancy is 52 years in Sub-Sallranm vivantes en Atriqtte subsalharienne et a 70 p)OUrI 000 en Asic diu Slid, alor-s Af'rica. compared witht iiiore thain 1() xears in other developing regions. qti'ils sont (Ie 40 pour 1 000 en Asie (Ie 'Est. L'esp&rarice de vie est de And primiar\ schiool enrollment in a few Sub-Saliaran Af'iicaii countrics 52 ans en Afrique subsahitrienne, contre plts de 60 ans clans les atrt-es (lecline(l in the past dleca(le, whtile secondary school enr-ollimenit in the regions ritnimon(le en dle\tl()pprCierit Et les taux de scolarisation i)rimai re region is onlv 24 percent, compared iwith more than 50 percent for some out baisse dans pJlusietirs pa\s r'iAfrique stibsaharienrie au couirs de la other developing regions. derniY-re clcenrie, tandis qtie les taux de scolarisation secondaire n at- I-low to redliuce tht disparitics. Investments in hiinin apital-the plro(drl- teignent qtie 24 % pouII- I'enseible de la r6gion, niais depassent 50 c uct of etlucationi antd better healtih and(i nutrition-are needed to directIy clans certaines autres regions en developpenierit. address the worst consequtences of being poor. 'I'ie data reported helre pre- Comment reduire ces disparit6s9 Pouri traiter directement les piles con- sent a broad brush of ilie ii)ovemiennts ihat have taken pilace in cotintries, seqtiences dii fait Wlktre paive, il faut investir dans le capital hltillaill as well as the cialleng-es thait still atwait thtiei. - tti est le prodttit de I edimratioii et (le l'aieiioratioii (e la sant& et tle la nutrition. Les doinices present6es ici depeignerit dtne maniere g#n6-ale les anieliiorations interveriites dlansles pays, en i4nme temps qiie les dcleis qui les attendent encore. Poblacion En todo el mutntdo se oblseta tna mejora de las condicionles de vida x iittclios paises en (lesarrollo han logra(do reducir la pobreza. Las tasas (le iiortalidad infanitil haii disuiiiuido a la niiitad, de 107 por cada 1.000 ilaci- dos vivos en 1970 a 60 en 1995. Por otro lado, la esperanza de vida al nacer ha aumentado de 55 a 64 afios. Actualmente la poblaci6n del planeta goza de mejor salud, esta mejor alimentada y tiene mejor educaci6n que hace 25 anlos. Estos avances, sin embargo. ociiltan importantec disparidades. Mas de 1.300 nmillonies cle personas -alrededor del 60% de ellas en Asia nielri- dional v Africa al sur del Sahara- subsisten con menos de US$l al dia. Las tasas de mortalidad infantil continnian por encimna de 90 por cada 1.000 itacidos vivos enr Aftrica al SUI (del Sahara v (le 70 ern Asia meridional. frente a 40 en Asia oriental. L.a esperanza de vida es de 52 ainos en Aifrica al stli del Sahara, en comparacion con mnas de 60 afios en otros paises en desarrollo. En el decenio pasado la tasa (le niatiicilia en la escuela priniiiaria disminuv6 en tunos pocos paises (le Africa al stil del Sahaia, v la C(orrespondiente a la esciiela sectmndaria alcanza a tan s6lo el 241'7 enl la regi6n. frente a manis (Iel 50% en a1guinas otras regiones en (lesarrollo. .Que se puede hacei paia reducir tales disparidades? Se precisan inver- siones en capital hIirnano -que es el resultado de la educaci6n y de uLna salud v nutrici6n de mejor calidad- para poder atacar directaimente las con secueiicias nas graT es cle la pobreza. Los tdatos qie se presentan en esta publicaci6n mtestran un panorama general cle los resUItados que se hani producido en los paises v de los desafios que estos atn'm tlebehe enfren tar. Distribution of world population among economies grouped by population growth rate U ._ 3 MUR~U. U... t-Udo No *EEU Taux The moyenannued average annual p e r _ c e n t a e c e i n a v n d e The a vsluercange annual Tauts moyen anncuel due Variacionaporcentua E--b~ -hA year is the sum of births ann6beest egale a la absoluta en un ano us la and immigrants minus somnmedes naissances suma de los nacimientos 10r High o the sum of deaths and et du nombre y los inmigrantes menos Si,b Sarhra Afr emigrants. d'imnmigrants, momnsla la suma de las 50 Eurpe,& Cotoa)Asia somme des d6bceset du defunciones y los thA,- &C b- nombre d'6bmigrants. emigrantes. MOLIOEacids Afr a 0 1970 irisI 1980 1985 1990 1995 10 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by poverty rate Poverty, 1981-95, percentage of population GNP USU noP Poplat- o , r cap ta n o m milinlimil k-n US$ US$~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a orlon os E....... es laa 159 na95 iMlUJJ iNJJ J JJJBflJJ More than 40% 16 433,461 1,102 390 25-40% 10 1,402,932 1,620 900 IIImm AM" JJJDIJ rJJJ16JJi 24% 7 1,630 6-354/ 13 1,011,145 623 1,620 5% or ass 13 709,4 13 332_ 2,140 No data 150 23,869.582 1,873 12,740 E More than 40% 25 40% U 16-24% . 6-15% U 5% or less No data Percentage of the Pourcentage de la Porcentaje de la Population living on less than US$1 a day, 1993, percent populatlon living on less population d'un pays poblaci6n de un pais que East Asla & Pacific - than US$1 a day. vivant avec mons de I vive con menos de US$1 Europe & Central Asia nfollar par jour. al dia. Latin America & Caribbean Middle East& N. Africa SouthAsia Sub-Saharar Afma 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by life expectancy at birth Ia^J-'zan(ro _ hA_1 a Wdfr® dn' dJ'" vii_ ~~~~~~atC)S" """ 2H HE~o, Less than 55U 55-64 El 65-69U 70-74 LI- S 75 or moreU No dote Theaveragenumberof Nombremoyend'annies NOmero de aflosque years a newborn baby que vivrait un nouveau- vivirfa un reci6n nacido, Life expectancy at birth, 1995, years would live if patterns of n6 si lea tendances de la en promedo, si las EtAa mortality prevailing for mortalit6 observ;es pour tendencias de as Asia & P - - _ all people at the time of 1lensemble de la mortalidad ue ¢ralsslo [ " _jV its birth were to stay Noda2 g populationau moment prevalecientesparatoda Latin Amrericao&Caribbean the samethroughout de sa naissance la poblacl6nen el MiddIelEast&N.Aftica FE Its life. restalent inchang6es momento de su SeathAa a K tout au long de son nacimiento se Sub-Shasaan Attics - 77 existence. mantuvieran constantes Highincome durante toda su vida. 0 2 30 4 5 0 70 8 7512r mor e * 0 0 0 0 0 $t 0 0 0 \ : : 0 \ E 1 2 3 4 0 e 7 8 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by infant mortality rate Infant mortality rate, 1995, per thousand live births us$ XX l " " Sccilcmes 1~~~~~~~~ 1995 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~995 1995 More than 150 3 7,988 30 260 ,;.t.j - s - - ~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 17 81,554 183 __4',0_ ~~~101-150 2ji|w-|!yfis = M ................................. ........................... 51-00 4...8.43 ffLSS29fi1- 286 904 404 450 11-50 89 ~~4.162,725 2,572 1,620 10| 1|22or fwer 89 22563,955 931 24,250 0 J Wdata W W No -H 21,815 53 410 Omanam Ni-- . = _-is [- ' ~~~~~~~~0,~~~~~~~~~~~~i 4^ ' * Ur D101 150 More than 150 p U ~~~~~~~~51 100 \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i * Xt 11 U10 or fewer No data The number of deaths of Nombre de deces Numero de defunciones Infant mortality rate, 1995, per thousand live births children under one year d'enfants de moins d'un de nihos de menos de un of age per thousand live an pour mille naissances aflo de edad por cada EastAsia&Pacific - : . j births. vivantes. mil nacidos vivos. Europe& Central Asia _ Latin America &Caribbean L Middle East & N. Africa , _ South Asia . ; _: Africa Sub-Saharan = Highincome 0 20 40 60 80 100 13 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by level of child malnutrition ~O~t NE _ irl S 71SSS 40 or more U D Mg2III30-39%DS:I, pmaHn"tritoon~~~~~~~Ngeia Less than 10%U No data 1l._ The percentageof Pourcentagedes enfants PorcentaJede nliios de children less than five de molnsde cinq ans menosde cinco anos de Prevalence of child malnutrition in selected developing economies, 1995, percent years old who are dont le poids est edadcon peso inferior al Bangladesh = __ underweight. inferleura la normale. noral. Eudr lopla Eth India Nepal _ Vietnam _ _ _60 7 80 9 14 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by female share in the labor force Female labor force, 1995, percent US$ Po o-ion mr U001$ E-- 1995 1995 1995 Less than 205' 6 243.813 45 5,420 20-29% 19 449,891 411 1,090 JIIJ30 3948 - 543596,00 1,859 2,320 40 44% 49 12,334.061 1,076 11,460 45% or more 54 19,000,290 2,235 4,470 No data 33 302,667 27 11,270 ~ ~~ -~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - -j- Los fammes dlans la opmIation a. 'Ue, 199 eblc~aacU~va, & Central Europe Asia * Less than 20% r ( * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~30-39% s > * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ or more _ s > . 3111 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ data The percentage of Pourcentage Porcentaje de mujeres Female labor force, 1995, percentageoftotal laborforce women in the labor des femmes dans en la poblacion activa. EastAsia& Pacific __ force. Ia population active. Europe &Central Asla _ Latin America & Caribbean M,ddle East & N. Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa HfighIncome 0 10 20 30 40 50 15 P.Pul.ti.. P.Pulatlen Sh.. .1 C--Ptl.. Ufo holeat Child Greas Fesual. Popultim Ppulatlen Share of Consumption Life lnfmt Child Gias. F..al. g,..th papulatlea P., .. pct-y -ttality malnutK. f-As labo, g'awth populatim PW expedwey mrtaitty mainutri- tmaie lailia, rate below US$1 .. pk. at birth late tim. prkn-y fixes rt. bi.. US$1 capfta at blrth rate tionb primmy fum a day- ppp- -allmarft day' pppl enwil-It Interna- p.r 1,000 % und., % interns- per 1,000 % unde, % thousands % per year % tional $ yars W. births -ight % of total thousands % per yes, % ti-I $ year. live births eight % of tt.] 1995 1985--95 1981-95 1993 1995 1995 1989-95 1993 1995 1995 1985-95 1981-95 1993 1995 1995 1989-95 1993 1995 Afghanistan 23,481 2.6 44 158 16 35 Ecuador 11,477 2.3 30 69 36 45 122 26 Albania 3,260 1.0 73 30 97 41 Egypt, Arab Rep. 57,800 2.2 8 2,509 63 56 9 89 29 Algeria 27,959 2.5 2 70 34 9 96 24 El Salvador 5,623 1.8 67 36 22 so 34 American Samoa 57 3.9 Equatorial Guinea 400 2.5 49 ill 35 Andorra 64 Eritrea 41 47 Angola 10,772 3.0 47 124 20 87 46 Estonia 1,487 -0.3 6 70 14 83 49 Antigua and Barbuda 65 0.5 75 18 Ethiopia 56,404 2.6 34 372 49 112 47 19 41 Argentina 34,665 1.3 73 22 107 31 Faeroe Islands 45 Armenia 3,760 1.2 71 16 93 48 Fiji 775 1.1 72 21 127 27 Aruba 80 Finland 5,110 0.4 11,431 76 5 100 48 Australia 18,054 1.4 12,307 77 6 107 43 France 58,060 0.5 13,811 78 6 105 44 Austria 8,054 0.6 12,9601 77 6 103 41 French Guiana 145 5.4 Azerbaijan 7,510 1.2 70 25 87 44 French Polynesia 225 2.7 70 17 123 Bahamas, The 276 1.7 73 15 103 46 Gabon 1,077 2.9 55 89 44 Bahrain 577 3.1 72 19 112 19 Gambia, The 1,113 4.0 46 126 61 45 Bangladesh 119,768 2.0 1,049 58 79 84 105 42 Georgia 5,400 0.2 73 18 46 Barbados 266 0.5 78 13 91 46 Germany 81,869 0.5 14,704 76 6 98 42 Belarus 10,339 6.4 31669 - 76 13 95 49 Ghana 17,075 3.0 59 73 27 70 Si Belgium 10,146 0.3 13,6321 77 8 100 40 Greece 10,467 0.5 8,544 78 8 98 36 Belize 216 2.6 70 36 107 22 Greenland 56 68 Benin 5,475 3.0 1,326 50 95 36 44 48 Grenada 91 Bermuda 63 1.2 Guadeloupe 424 1.8 75 11 45 Bhutan 695 2.6 40 Guam 149 2.1 73 9 Bolivia 7,414 2.3 7 60 69 13 95 37 Guatemala 10,621 2.9 53 66 44 78 26 Bosnia and Herzegovina 38 Guinea 6,591 2.8 26 44 128 18 30 47 Botswana 1,450 3.0 35 2,888 68 56 120 46 Guinea-Bissau 1,070 1.9 87 38 136 40 Brazil 159,222 1.6 29 67 44 18 35 Guyana 835 0.6 66 60 3 98 33 Brunei 285 2.5 75 9 104 34 Haiti 7,168 2.0 57 72 27 54 43 Bulgaria 8,409 -0.6 3 3,452 71 15 84 48 Honduras 5,924 3.0 47 67 45 19 112 30 Burkina Faso 10,377 2.8 49 99 30 47 Hong Kong 6,190 1.3 13,954 79 5 37 Burundi 6,264 2.8 49 98 63 50 Hungary 10,229 -0.3 1 4,397' 70 11 95 44 Cambodia 10,624 3'6 53 108 53 Iceland 268 1.1 79 4 98 44 Cameroon 13,288 2.9 1,427 57 56 14 93 38 India 929,358 1.9 53 849 62 68 63 91 32 Canada 29,606 1.3 14,1691 78 6 104 45 Indonesia 193,277 1.7 15 64 51 39 112 40 Cape Verde 380 2.0 65 46 110 38 Iran, Islamic Rep. 64,120 3.2 3,624 68 45 16 101 24 Cayman Islands 33 Iraq 20,097 2.7 66 108 83 18 Central African Republic 3,275 2.3 48 98 47 Ireland 3,586 0.1 8,500' 77 6 103 33 Chad 6,448 2.5 48 117 38 44 Isle of Man Channelislands 142 0.6 78 7 Israel 5,521 2.7 77 8 96 40 Chile 14,225 1.6 15 72 12 1 98 32 Italy 57,204 0.1 12,9031 78 7 99 38 China 1,200,241 1.3 29 69 34 17 116 45 Jamaica 2,522 0.9 5 74 13 10 108 46 Colombia 36,813 1.8 7 70 26 10 120 37 Japan 125,213 0.4 13,322 so 4 3 102 41 Comoros 499 2.8 56 87 81 42 Jordan 4,212 4.7 3 70 31 17 95 21 Congo 2,633 3.1 1,132 51 90 43 Kazakstan 16,606 0.5 69 27 86 47 Costa Rica 3,399 2.5 19 77 13 2 105 30 Kenya 26,688 2.9 50 893 58 58 23 91 46 Co-te d'lvoire 13,978 3.4 18 894 55 86 58 33 Kiribati 79 2.0 58 55 Croatia 4,778 0.2 3,825 74 16 43 Korea, bem. Rep. 23,867 1.8 70 26 45 Cuba 11,011 0.9 76 9 104 38 Korea, Rep. 44,851 0.9 5,878 72 10 102 40 Cyprus 734 1.2 78 8 101 38 Kuwait 1,664 -0.3 76 11 28 Czech Republic 10,332 0.0 3 5,802' 73 8 100 47 Kyrgyz Republic 4,515 1.2 19 68 30 47 Denmark 5,220 0.2 14,0021 75 6 98 46 Lao PDR 4,882 3.1 52 90 40 92 47 Djibouti 634 4.8 50 108 31 Latvia 2,516 -0.4 69 16 82 50 Dominica 73 -0.1 73 17 96 Lebanon 4,005 2.3 68 32 114 28 Dominican Republic 7,822 2.0 20 71 37 10 99 29 Lesotho 1,980 2.4 50 61 76 21 105 37 16 PopulationShare Population of CoosumptionLife Infant Child Gross Female PopulationShare Population of Consumption Ufe infat Child Gosxs Female growth population per expectancy mortalitty maidnuft- 0 remain ohbm growth populatlme Per expectancy mortality maln-tri- 5 femnale lahor rate helow US$1 capita at hirth rate Vaon primary ferce rate helow US$1 capita at hirth rate tiun primary fowe a day' PPP enrollment a day' PP- enrollment intera yen 1.000 5 under- mte-a- yer 1.000 th under- thousands % yen Year % tiona $ years live births weght S of total thousands S yer year S tona $ years lie births weight S ot total 199h 198h-9h 1981-9h 1993 1995 199h 1989-9h 1993 199h 199h 1985-9h 1981-9h 1993 199h 199h 1989-9h 1993 199h Liberia 2,733 2.2 . .. 54 172 . .. 39 Senegal 8,468 2.8 54 1,346 50 62 20 50 42 Libya 5,407 3.6 . .. 65 61 .. 110 21 Seychelles 74 1.2 ... 72 15 Liechtenstein 31 . .. . .. . .. . .. Sierra Leone 4,195 1.6 .. 470 40 179 23 42 36 Lithuania 3,715 0.5 2 .. 69 14 .. 90 48 Singapore 2,987 1.8 ... 76 4 14 .. 38 Luxembourg 410 1.1 . .. 76 6 .. 94 37 Slovak Republic 5,369 0.3 13 4,3090 72 11 .. 101 48 Macao 450 3.9 . .. 77 7 .. . 39 Sloveinia 1,992 0.1 . 7,5440 74 7 . 97 46 Macedonia, FYR 2,119 0.7 . .. 73 23 .. 87 41 Solomon Islands 375 3.1 ... 63 41 .. 87 46 Madagascar 13,651 3.1 72 568 52 89 32 72 45 Somalia 9,491 1.9 ... 49 128 ... 43 Malawi 9,757 3.1 .. 592 43 133 27 77 49 South Africa 41,457 2.3 24 .. 64 50 .. 110 37 Malaysia 20,140 2.5 6 .. 71 12 23 93 37 Spain 39,199 0.2 .. 9,3260 77 7 .. 105 36 Maldives 253 3.2 . .. 63 52 .. 133 42 Sri Lanka 18.114 1.3 4 2,373 72 16 38 105 35 Mali 9,788 2.8 .. 432 50 123 .. 24 46 St. Kitts and Nevis 41 -0.4 ... 69 31 Malta 372 0.8 . .. 77 9 .. 106 27 St. Lucia 158 1.4 ... 71 17 Marshall Islands 56 .. . .. . .. . .. . St. Vincent and the Grenadines 111 0.8 ... 72 19 Martinique 380 1.1 . .. 77 7 . .. 47 Sudan 26,707 2.2 ... 54 77 .. 41 28 Mauritania 2,274 2.5 31 .. 51 96 .. 62 44 Suriname 410 0.3 ... 70 33 ... 31 Mauritius 1,128 1.0 .. 8,834 71 16 .. 106 32 Swaziland 900 3.1 ... 58 69 .. 116 37 Mayotte 106 . .. . .. . .. . .. Sweden 8,830 0.6 .. 12,5020~ 79 4 .. 100 48 Mexico 91,831 2.1 15 .. 72 33 .. 110 31 Switzerland 7,039 0.8 .. 16,5820c 78 6 .. 102 40 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 107 2.2 . .. 64 32 . .. 38 Syrian Arab Republic 14,112 3.1 ... 68 32 .. 99 26 Moldova 4,344 0.4 7 1,5090 69 22 .. 77 42 Tajikistan 5,836 2.4 ... 67 42 .. 88 44 Monaco 34 . .. . .. . .. . .. Tanzania 29,646 3.1 16" 520 51 82 28 69 49 Mongolia 2.461 2.5 . .. 65 55 10 100 46 Thailand 58,242 1.3 0 4,102 69 35 13 97 46 Morocco 26,562 2.0 1 2,454 65 55 9 60 35 Togo 4,085 3.0 ... 56 88 .. 81 40 Mozambique 16,168 1.8 . .. 47 113 .. 51 48 Tonga 104 0.9 ... 69 18 Myanmar 45,106 1.8 . .. 59 83 31 104 43 Trinidad and Tobago 1,287 0.9 ... 72 13 .. 94 36 Namibia 1.545 2.7 . .. 59 62 .. 138 41 Tunisia 8,987 2.1 4 2.494 69 39 .. 113 30 Nepal 21.456 2.5 53 .. 55 91 70 87 40 Turkey 61,058 1.9 .. 3,878 67 48 .. 98 35 Netherlands 15,460 0.6 .. 12.1420 78 6 .. 99 40 Turkmenistan 4,508 3.3 5 .. 67 46 ... 42 Netherlands Antilles 200 1.0 . .. 77 11 . .. 42 Uganda 19,168 3.0 50 .. 42 98 23 83 48 New Caledonia 185 2.0 . .. 73 15 .. 124 .. Ukraine 51,550 0.1 .. 2,010 69 15 .. 87 49 New Zealand 3.601 1.0 .. 10.5710 76 7 .. 101 44 United Arab Emirates 2,460 5.8 ... 75 16 .. 108 13 Nicaragua 4,375 3.1 44 .. 68 46 12 105 36 United Kingdom 58,533 0.3 .. 13,275 0 77 6 .. 113 43 Niger 9,028 3.2 62 .. 47 119 .. 21 44 United States 263,119 0.9 .. 18,507 0 77 8 .. 106 46 Nigeria 111,273 2.9 29 984 53 80 43 82 36 Uruguay 3,184 0.6 ... 73 18 .. 108 40 Northern Marlene Is. 69 . .. . .. . .. . .. Uzbekistan 22,771 2.3 ... 70 30 .. 79 46 Norway 4,354 0.5 .. 12,4730 78 5 .. 99 46 Vanuatu 169 2.7 ... 64 41 .. 107 Oman 2.196 4.5 . .. 70 18 .. 82 15 Venezuela 21,671 2.4 12 .. 71 23 6 97 33 Pakistan 129.905 3.0 12 1,604 60 90 40 49 26 Vietnam 73.475 2.2 ... 68 41 45 103 49 Panama 2,631 1.9 26 .. 73 23 7 65 34 Virgin Islands (U.S.) 99 -0.8 ... 76 19 Papua NewGuinea 4,302 2.2 . .. 57 64 .. 67 42 West Bank and Gala 2,151 4.6 ... . 28 Paraguay 4,828 2.7 . .. 68 41 4 110 29 Wehtemn Samoa 165 0.5 ... 68 22 Peru 23,819 2.1 49 .. 66 47 16 .. 29 Yemen, Rep. 15,272 4.2 ... 53 100 30 37 29 Philippines 68,595 2.3 28 1,970 66 39 30 .. 37 Yugoslavia, FR(Serb./Mont.) 10,518 0.5 ... 73 18 .. 73 42 Poland 38,612 0.4 7 3,559 0 70 14 .. 97 46 Zaire 43,848 3.2 ... ... 35 58 44 Portugal 9,927 -0.1 .. 8,8010 75 7 .. 11 43 Zambia 8,978 2.6 85 659 46 109 27 99 45 Puerto Rico 3,717 1.0 . .. 75 11 . .. 36 Zimbabwe 11,011 2.8 41 1,275 57 55 16 114 44 Qatar 642 5.8 . .. 72 18 .. 87 12 Reunion 653 1.6 . .. 74 8 . .. 42 .Not avaiable. Romania 22.692 0.0 18 2.5470 70 23 .. 86 44 Nate:Figures in itailo are ton years otter than those syecifred. The numher 0 or 0.0 means zero or less teashalt andnot known tbe unit shown Russian Federation 148,195 0.3 1 2,6480 65 18 .. 107 49 moreyreciseiy. Rwanda 6,400 0.6 46 760 39 133 28 76 49 a. Adjastedtar yurchasing power parity (PPP);seethe technical data reterto any notes.5. Malnutrition yeartrom1989 to 1995.c. Datareterto Sdo Tome and Principe 129 2.3 . .. 69 60 .. . .1993 International Comparison programme lICPI results; other data are 1993 higures based on 1sat icP estimates. Saudi Arabia 18,979 4.3 . .. 70 21 .. 73 13 17 Environment Environnement Today 1.5 billion people live exposed to dangerous levels of air pollution, Aujourd'hui, 1,5 milliard d'-tres humains vivent eXposes A de dangereux I billion without clean water, and 2 billion withouit sanitation. The dou- niveauix de polltition atmosph6rique, 1 milliard n'a pas acc~s ~iune eau bling of food production in the past quarter century has come at the cost salubre et 2 mrilliards sont priv~,s dl'assainissement. Le doublement de la of lost crop diversity and lost natural habitats. And around a seventh of the production alimentaire au cours du dernier quart de sicle a 6t obtenu world's tropical forests hias been lost in the past 25 years. ani prix d'unxe mnoiidre diversito~ des cultures et de la perte d'habitats These problems are not just local or national-they are global, as evi- naturels. Et environ un septi4~me des fori~ts tropicales de la plani~te ont dis- denced by regional pollution, epidemics of disease, and possible changes paru au cours des 25 dernii~res annees. in the global climate. Ce ne sont pas 1. de purs probmes locaux ou nationaux, nais des Ouir uinderstandinig of thie links between economic developmenit and probl&mes mondiaiix, comme. en t~xmoignent les 6pid6mies de maladies, the environment has progressed. We now know that inappropriate eco- la polluition 5.1'6chelon r6gional et ]es modifications quec connait peut-ftre nomic policy has a high cost for the environment. We know that poverty le climiat de la plan~te. and environmental problems are strongly linked and that environmental Notre connaissance des liens entre le d&veloppernent 6.conomique et l'en- values have to be incorporated in thie prices that guide economic growth. vironnement a progress6. Nouissavons dl~sormais que la misc en oeuvre de We know, too, that regional and global actions are essential to deal with politiques &conomiques inappropri6es a iin coCit ~lev4~ pour 1'environnement. enivironmental problems that cross national borders. Nouis savons que pauvret4~ et probkmes d'environnement sont 6troitement lioes If future economic development is to be sustainable, it must be socially et que les prix qui guiident la croissance oRonomnique doivent prendre en and environmentally benign. This does not mnean that growth must stop- compte la valeur de 1'environnement. Nouxs savons aussi qu'il est indispensable it mieans that growth must be of the right kind. que des mestures soient prises a Ffthelle mondiale et r6gionale pour faire face The old notion of "development versus environment" has given way to a aux probmes d'environnement qui d-passcnt les fronti6res d'un pays. new view in which economiic development and environmentally sustain- Pour que le d6veloppement ~conomique soit durable, il doit 4~tre able practices go hand in hand. Better environmental stewardship is essen- respectueux de la soci6t4~ et de 1'environnement. Cela ne veut pas dire tial to sustain development. And only with faster economic growth in poor qu'il faille arr~ter Ia croissance, mais uniquement quii'i fa-Lt promouvoir cou.ntries can environmien-tal policies succeed. un certain type de croissance. La conception ancienne - d6veloppement on environnement - a fait place A une nouvelle fadon de voir les choses dans laquelle d&elopperent llonomiqiue et pratiques ologiquement viables vont de pair. Une gestion e de 1'environnement est indispensable plus avist ala poursuite du d deloppe- ment. Et ce n'est qu'avec une accrioaration de la croissance dnonomiqce dans les pays pauvres que les politiques environnenmentales peuvent rtussir. Medloamblente En la actualidad, 1.500 millones de personas viven expucstas a niveles peli- grosos de contaminaci6n atrnosfirrica; 1.000 millones de personas no tienen acceso a agLna potable, y 2.000 nmillones carecen de servicios de saneamiento. El costo de la duplicaci6n de la producci6n de alimentos en los iiltimos 25 afios ha sido la p6rdida de diversidad de cultivos y de hTbi- tats naturales. Adem~iis, en ese imisimo periodo ha desaparecido aproxi- miadamiente la s&ptima parte de los bosques tropicales del planeta. No se trata tan s6lo de problemas de carfscter local o nacional, sino que &stos revisten importancia mundial, como lo deniuestran la contaminacion a nivel regional, las epiderniias de enfermedades v los posibles cambios en el clima en todo el muindo. Se ha logrado comprender mejor las vincuhaciones entre el desarrollo econ6mico y el medio ambiente. Ahora sabemos que la adopcion de politicas econ6micas inadecuiadas tiene uin costo elevado para el medio ambiente. Sabemos que la pobreza y los problemas ambientales estdn estrechasnenite relacionados y que los vahores ecol6gicos deben incorporarse en los precios quie guiian el crecimiento econ6mico. Sabemos tambi&n que es fundamental aplicar medidas a nivel regional y mnundial para encarar los problenias amr- bientales quc trascienden las fronteras de los paises. Para velar por un desarrollo econ6mico sostenible en el fiituro, 6ste debe set benigno desde un punto de vista social y ecol6gico. Esto no significa que se deba detener el crecimiento; lo importante es que sea acertado. El anitiguo concepto de "desarrollo en contraposici6n a] medio am- biente" ha dado paso a una nueva visi6n, en ha cual el desarrollo econ6mi- co y has prActicas ecoh6gicarnente r-acionales van de la mano. Para qiie el desarrollo sea sostenible es fuindamnental realizar una gesti6n ambiental m;Is acertada, einica y ia manera en que las politicas ambientahes pueden surtir efecto es mcdiante la aceleraci6n del ritmo de crecimiento econ6mi- co de los paises pobresp Distribution of world population among economies grouped by water use per capita Annual water use per capita, 1980-95 Consommation d'eau annuelle par habitant, 1980-95 Consumo anual de agua per capita, 1980-95 Less than 50 , 50-199D 200-499 U 500-999 El 1,000 or more * No data A country's annual water Consommatlon d'eau Consumo anual de agua use, in a single year, annuelle d'un pays, de un pais en un solo Freshwater resources available per capita, 1995, thousandsofcubic meters divided by its population calculee pour une annee ano, dividido por su EastAsia&Pacific of the same year and donnee, divis6e par la numero de habitantes en expressed in cubic population de ce pays au el mismo ano y meters. cours de l'annee en expresadoen metros LatijrAmerca&Caribbean question et exprimeeen cfibicos. MiddleEast&N.Afrca metres cubes. SouthAsia Sub-Saharan Africa Highicome 0 5 5 15 20 25 30 20 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by forest coverage Forest coverage, 1990, percentage of land area MrrP glllgll L lgll[[[[[[[ . X .= a a pulation Po1101 U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SIP percapita 60W or more 23 6,529,500 581 -11.230 3059% 59 12,143,743 933 13,010 15-29% 52 5,109,503 1,897 2,690 10-143/ 12 2,528,673 1,425 1,770 Less than 10% 44 938,712 597 1,570 No data 19 440.192 239 1,840 Forest coverage, 1990 Couvert forestier, 1990 Cubierta forestal, 1990 OS U or more 5~~~~0% 30 59% U15-29% n * 4 Lw, 10-14% Less than 10% L No data The percentage of total Superficie boisee en Porcentaje de la Forest coverage, 1990, of land area percentage land area that is covered pourcentage de la superficie continental EastAsia & Pacfic by forest and woodland. superficie totale des del planeta que esta EastrAp & aC.mnAs terres. cubierta de bosques y Asea E-Arope&Cetrbab tierras arboladas. Latin America SCarbibbean Middle Easr &N. Afra South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Highincome o io 20 30 40 50 21 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by rate of deforestation Annual4C def orestation, 1980-90 1D6boisement annuel, 1980-90 Desforestaci6n anual, 1980-90 Less than -0.4%m -0.4 to-0.1% More than 1.0%U No data _________1_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ A _ _ . 4 _ _ _ The average annual Variation annuelle Variaci6n porcentual percentage change In moyenne de la superficie anual media en la Annual deforestation, 1SBO-90, thousandsof sq_arekilometers forestarea. Negative bois6e(en %). Des superficiecubiertade tootAsia &Panite numbers an Indicate chlffresn4gatlfs bosques.LascifrasconEuoe&CnrlAi increasein forestarea. indiquent une signonegativo indican Erp&etaAi augmentation de Ia unaumentode dicha LatinArnericaSCaribbean superficiebois6e. superficie. Mii tEast &N.Afica SoothAsia Sub-Sahara-Atnca Highincomne -so -an -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 3o an so 6o 70 50 22 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by energy use per capita Energy use per capita, 1994, kilograms of oil equivalent "0! -000-[ -a ens me on S US$US$m E--oison 5 1995 1995 199 a 1|1 an - EU U * U E N 01|14 NOON qU U U E U'" Nam E WIMINKI 999 7 J Less than 300 30U3 61 637,542 2357,698 2,047 1,942 330 1,150 EUEEE U U ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U W EU-o ~~~~5-004 999 26 13.437,244 751 17.890 am EEEm MM jUl^ 11UUEoEE Ww J nwnwnww~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MM ~~ ,5 ~ 5000ormorn 20 ,21,5 5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3,921,455 2,5 EE U U U U EELWEU E U ata Ntod 16 19806 10 1,960 Energy use per capita, 1994 - a ~ 6 ?* -- Xt-<9, 2--C-- a>; Consommation d'energie par N \Itw \ A; < g habitant, 1994 Consumo de energia per capita, 1994 Less than 300 300 999 1,000-2,499 F D E < 2,500-4,999 5,000 or morn No data Annual consumption of Consommation annuelle Consumo anual de Energy use per capita, 1994, kilograms of oil equivalent commerclal energy d'energie commerciale energia comercial _______ divided by population, du pays divisee par le dividido por la poblaci6n, EastAM_&Pacifi expressed In kilograms nombre d'habitants, expresado en kilogramos Emopa Asia & Cnntrai of oil equivalent. exprimee en de equivalente en Latin Aeinca & Caribbean kilogrammes petr6leo. MiddieEast&N.Afrina d'equlvalent petrole. SnathA.ia U Sub-Sahara Africa U HNgh mince 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 23 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by energy used per dollar of GDP Energy efficiency, -J 1994 Rendement energotique, 1994 Eficiencia del uso de la energia, 1994 Less than US$1.00 ; US$4.00-2.49 D US$2.50-3.99U US$4.00-5.99 DV US$6.00 or more * No data Grossdomestic product Produit interleur brut Producto interno bruto divided by total energy divise par Ia dividido por el consumo GDP per kilogram of energy used, 1994,1987 US$ consumption of oil consommation totale total de energia en el EastA.ia&Pacific equivalent, expressed in d'energie en equivalent equivalente en petr6leo, EuroPe&Comm]aAsia constant 1987 U.S. petrole, exprime en expresado en dolares dollars. dollars des Etats-Unis constantes de EE.UU. de LatinAmerica&Catibbean aux prix de 1987. 1987. MdcieEast&N Afrai South Asia S.b-Saharan Africa High income 0 05 10 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 24 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by CO2 emissions per capita CO2 emissions per capita, 1992, metric tons GNP GNP Po9puiac0 per capita US$it o s ci i 6 E--i,i, es 95 i995 1995 I" " ".0Lessthal 67 723,762 2,026 3W0 1.0-2.9 37 2,270,640 16926 1,180 3 -0-69 60 4,326, 320 686 7,080 7 930 0-14 12,434,134 793 15,670 D ^^^"" 1333, ^ ^ J 0110 o rn No data 25 7,623,568 308.899 306 33 24,880 9.460 Carbon dioxide _ , A p,< ~ ~ t<, emissions per capita, 1992 . t Emissionsde - _' dioxyde de - s _As* vq carbone par -- ] t ^Xo _ . 1992 habitant, A * t s it * 8 >~9 o § , Emisiones de *J,.-.- de :di6xido carbono per w capita, 1992 Less than 1.0 1.0-2.9 E 3.0-6.9 . iL 7.0-14.9 E15.0 or more No data Emissions of CO2 from Emissions de C02 Emislones de CO2 CO2 emissions per capita, 1992, metrictons the burning of fossil produites par les producidas por los fuels In industrial combustibles utilises combustibles utilizados Eas.pCentralAsia&Paci processes and the dans les proced6s en los procesos Eereee& Asla Central manufactureof cement, industriels et la industriales y la Latin Arnerca & Caribbean divided by population, fabrication de ciment, fabricaci6n de cemento, M[ddle East & N. Africa expressed in metric divisees par la divididas por la Seath Asia tons. population, exprimees poblaci6n, expresadas Sub-Saharan Africa en tonnes. en toneladas m6tricas. High incoaee 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 25 AnnuEA Fo-et c-veage' ue Eneiin,t co, Annual Forest .overge' une Energy co, watnr I50 ntsslslnsn wato une 0Ominninn percapita percapita GOPper per GDP %O ofTotal kilogram,all % of Total kilogram oil total Per area tOof Ann-a Per equivalent total Par area Ok at Afl-u Per eq.arlent water capita thousad total deforestation capita contant Metric water capita thousad total detfreaati-n caPita contat metric resur-sh cobic m sq. km, lan area % kg 1987 US$ tans reo m -Iscbic, 09. km land area kg 1987 lJS$ tans 1980-95 1980-95 1990 1990 1980-90 1994 1994 1992 1980-95 1980-95 1990 1990 1980-90 1994 1994 1992 Afghanistan 52.2 1,830 19 3 0.0 114 .. 0.1 Ecuador 1.8 581 120 43 1.8 565 2.2 1.8 Albania 0.9a 94 14 53 0.0 341 2.4 1.2 Egypt,Arab Rep. 9 7 .1 d 956 0 0 0.0 600 1.2 1.5 Algeria 30.40d 180 41 2 0.8 906 2.6 3.0 El Salvador 5.3 245 1. 6 2.3 370 2.6 0.7 American Samoa . .. 0 70 0.0 927 ... Equatorial Guinea 0.0 15 18 65 0.4 80 5.2 0.3 Andorra . .. 0 22 0.0 .. . .Eritrea . .. .. Angola 0.3 57 231 19 0.7 89 7.0 0.5 Estonia 21.20d 2,097 19 .. -1.2 3,709 0.7 13.5 Antigua and Barbuda . .. 0 23 0.0 2,017 2.9 4.5 Ethiopia 2.00 510 142 13 0.3 22 6.9 0.1 Argentina 2.80 1,043 592 22 0.1 1,504 2.7 3.5 Faeroe Islands . .. 0 10 -1.5 Armenia 45.80d 1,145 3 .. 3.9 384 1.4 1.1 Fiji 0.1 42 12 65 0.0 527 3.9 0.9 Aruab.. . 0 16 0.0 .. . .Finland 1.9 d 440 234 77 0.0 5,997 3.0 8.2 Australia 4.3 933 1,456 19 0.0 5,341 2.6 15.3 France 19.1ld 665 135 25 -0.1 4,042 4.4 6.3 Austria 2.60d 304 39 47 -0.4 3.301 5.4 7.2 French Guiana ... 80 91 0.0 1,473 .. 5.7 Azerbaijan 56.4 d 2,248 10 .. 1.3 2,182 0.2 8.7 French Polynesia ... 1 31 0.0 1,399 Bahamas, The . .. 2 19 2.1 6,864 1.5 7.5 Gabon 0.0 57 182 71 0.6 652 5.5 5.5 Bahrain . .. 0 0 0.0 10,268 0.8 19.8 Gambia, The 0.3 d 30 1 10 0.8 56 4.9 0.2 Bangladesh 1.00d 220 8 6 4.1 64 3.1 0.2 Georgia 6.50d 741 28 .. 0.7 614 0.7 2.5 Barbados . .. 0 23 0.0 1,375 4.2 3.9 Germany 27. 1 579 107 31 -0.4 4.128 .. 10.9 Belarus 5.4 d 295 63 31 -0.4 2,392 0.8 9.9 Ghana 0.6d 35 96 42 1.4 93 4.4 0.2 Belgium 72.20d 917 6 20 -0.3 5,120 3.2 10.1 Greece 8.60d 523 60 47 0.0 2,260 2.2 7.2 Belize 0.1 109 20 88 0.2 417 5.1 1.3 Greenland ... 0 0 0.0 Besin 0.4d 26 49 45 1.3 20 18.0 0.1 Grenada ... 0 18 -4.0 293 6.9 1.3 Bermuda . .. 0 20 0.0 2,816 7.3 .. Guadeloupe ... 1 55 0.3 622 Bhutan 0.0 14 28 60 0.6 33 16.9 0.2 . Guam ... 0 18 0.0 9,429 Bolivia 0.4 201 493 45 1.2 373 2.1 1.0 Guatemala 0.6 139 42 39 1.8 210 4.3 0.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina . .. 23 46 0.1 348 .. 3.4 Guinea 0.3 140 67 27 1.2 65 6.1 0.2 Botswana 0.60d 99 143 25 0.5 387 4.7 1.6 Guinea-Bissau O.Od 11 20 72 0.8 37 5.8 0.2 Brazil O.5 d 246 5,611 66 0.6 718 2.8 1.4 Guyana 0.6 1,812 184 94 0.1 350 1.5 1.0 Brunei . . 5 87 0.4 10,839 1.0 21.2 Haiti 0.4 7 0 1 5.1 29 7.9 0.1 Bulgaria .. 6.80d 1,544 37 33 -0.2 2,438 1.0 6.4 Honduras 2.l1 294 46 41 2.2 204 4.4 0.6 Burkina Faso 1.4 40 44 16 0.7 16 16.0 0.1 Hong Kong . .. 0 22 -0.5 2,185 5.3 5.0 Burundi 2.8 20 2 9 0.6 23 8.3 0.0 Hungary 5.70d 661 17 18 -.0.5 2,383 1.0 5.8 Cambodia 0.10 64 122 69 1.0 52 2.4 0.1 Iceland 0.1 636 1 1 0.0 7,932 2.7 6.8 Cameroon 0.1 38 204 44 0.6 103 6.9 0.2 India 18.2d 612 517 17 0.6 248 1.6 0.9 Canada 1.60d 1,602 4,533 49 -1.1 7,854 2.0 14.4 Indonesia 0.7 96 1,095 60 1.1 366 1.8 1.0 Cape Verde . .. 0 1 0.0 307 2.1 0.2 Iran, Islamic Rep. 38.6 1,362 180 11 0.0 1,505 1.9 4.0 Caymnan Islands . .. 0 .. 0.0 .. . .Iraq 42.8d 4,575 19 4 0.1 1,213 .. 3.4 Central African Republic 0.0 26 306 49 0.4 29 12.1 0.1 Ireland 1.6d 233 4 6 -1.2 3,137 3.9 8.7 Chad 0.40 34 114 9 0.7 16 10.9 0.0 Isle of Man ... 0 9 -1.8 Channel Islands . .. 0 8 0.0 .. . .Israel 84 j1d 408 1 6 -0.3 2,717 3.7 8.1 Chile 3.6 1,626 88 12 -0.1 1.012 2.3 2.6 Italy 3370d 986 86 29 .. 2,707 5.5 7.2 china . 16.4 . 461 1,247 13 0.7 664 0.7 2.3 Jamaica 3.9 159 2 22 7.8 1.083 1.5 3.3 Colombia 0.5 174 541 52 0.7 622 2.1 1.8 Japan 16.6 735 238 63 0.0 3.856 6.2 8.8 Comoros . .. 0 16 0.0 37 11.8 0.1 Jordan 3 2.1d.t 1 73 1 1 1 -1.0 1,067 1.5 3.0 Congo O.Od 20 199 58 0.2 331 2.8 1.6 Kazakstan 30.20d 2,294 .. . . 3,371 0.3 17.6 Costa Rica 1.4 780 14 28 3.0 558 3.4 1.2 Kenya 7.00d 87 12 2 0.6 110 3.3 0.2 COtedIlvoire 0.9 66 109 34 1.0 103 6.8 0.5 Kiribati ... 0 3 0.0 103 3.8 0.3 Croatia . .. 20 36 0.1 1,395 .. 3.4 Korea, Dem. Rep. 21.1 687 90 74 0.0 1,129 .. 11.2 Cuba 23.5 870 17 16 1.0 923 .. 2.6 Korea, Rep. 41.8 632 65 66 0.1 2,982 1.8 6.6 Cyprus . .. 3 30 -0.1 2,701 2.8 6.5 Kuwait .. 525 0 0 0.0 8,622 2.0 11.2 Czech Republic 4.7 266 26 34 0.0 3,868 0.8 13.1 KyrgyzRepublic 24.0 2.729 7 .. 1.2 616 0.9 3.4 Denmark 9.20d 233 5 12 0.0 3,977 5.5 10.4 Lao PDR 0.4 259 132 57 0.9 38 9.1 0.1 Djibouti . .. 0 1 0.0 909 .. 0.7 Latvia 2.20d 262 28 .. -0.2 1,569 1.2 5.6 Dominica . .. 0 59 0.7 290 7.4 0.8 Lebanon 15.6 271 1 8 0.6 964 .. 2.9 Dominican Republic 14.9 446 11 22 2.9 337 2.5 1.4 Lesotho 1.0 30 . .. 26 ENVIRONMENT A..U.I F...t ..- ge- E",gy co, A .. al F...t -,age- Ena,gy C0,, water arriftsions .. t., uw- emliliallocis per capita per capit. GDP pe, GDP per % of Total V,logran,, oil % of Total kilogram oil total Pe, ... % of Animal Per equivalent total Per ... % of A.n.al P., equivalent water Pit. th.us..d total deforestation .. Pna constant metre ater capit. th ..... d MM d.fio,estati.n capita constant metric rcsources c.bic m sq. km land area % kg 1987 US$ t... resources" c.ble m sq. k. land area % kg 1987 US$ t.n. ,.980-95 1980-95 1990 1990 1980-90 1994 1994 1992 1980-95 198(--95 1990 1990 1980-90 1994 1994 1992 Liberia 0.1 d 56 46 48 0.5 41 0.1 Senegal 3.5 d 202 75 39 0.7 97 6.3 0.4 Libya 766.7 880 7 0 -1.4 2,499 8.1 Seychelles 0 11 0.0 1,691 2.9 1.9 Liechtenstein 0 0.0 Sierra Leone 0.2 99 19 26 0.6 77 2.4 0.1 Lithuania 19.0 d 1,190 20 0.0 2,030 0.8 5.9 Singapore 31. 7 84 0 7 2.3 8,103 1.6 17.7 Luxembourg 1 -0.1 9,361 2.3 26.6 Slovak Republic 5.8 337 18 38 0.1 3,243 0.9 7.0 Macao 2 857 9.2 2.8 Slovenia 10 50 0.0 2,612 2.8 Macedonia, FYR 9 36 0.1 1,279 2.0 Solomon Islands 26 91 0.0 159 3.9 0.5 Madagascar 4.8 1,584 158 27 0.8 36 5.6 0.1 Somalia 6.0 d 98 8 1 0.4 7 0.0 Malawi 5.0 d 86 35 37 1.4 39 3.4 0.1 South Africa 26.6 d 359 45 4 -0.8 2,146 1.0 7.5 Malaysia 2.1 768 176 54 2.1 1,699 1.7 3.8 Spain 27.6 d 781 256 51 0.0 2,458 3.6 5.7 Maldives 0 3 0.0 139 4.8 0.4 SriLanka 14.6 502 17 27 1.4 97 5.1 0.3 Mali 1.4 d 162 121 10 0.8 22 11.5 0.0 St. Kitts and Nevis 0 36 0.0 486 7.3 1.8 Malta 0 16 2,511 3.2 4.7 St. Lucia 0 8 4.8 338 7.9 1.1 Marshatt Islands 0 22 0.0 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0 28 1.7 199 8.8 0.7 Martintque 0 41 0.5 649 3.7 Sudan 11.6 d 633 430 18 1.1 66 12.1 0.1 Mauritania 14.0 d 923 6 1 0.0 103 4.8 1.4 Suriname 0.2 11189 148 95 0.1 1,926 1.1 5.0 Mauritius 16.4 410 1 28 0.2 387 6.3 1.3 Swaziland 6.4 0 423 1 6 -0. 1 264 3.0 0.3 Mayotte 0 16 O'O Sweden 1.6 d 341 280 68 0.0 5,723 3.3 6.6 Mexico 21.7 899 486 25 1.3 1,561 1.2 3.8 Switzerland 2.4 d 173 12 30 -0.6 3,629 7.4 6.4 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0 31 0.0 Syrian Arab.Republic 9.4 d 435 7 4 -4.3 997 1.2 3.3 Moldova 29.1 d 853 4 -6.7 1,095 3.3 Tajikistan 13.2 d 2,455 5 0.6 616 0.5 0.7 Monaco Tanzania 1.3 d 40 336 38 1.2 34 4.5 0.1 Mongolia 2.2 273 139 9 0.9 1,058 1.2 4.0 Thailand 17.8 d 602 127 25 3.5 769 2.2 2.0 Morocco 36.2 427 90 20 -1.4 327 2.9 1.1 Togo 0.8 1 28 14 25 1.5 46 6.9 0.2 Mozambique 0.41 55 173 22 0.8 40 3.3 0.1 Tonga 0 11 0.0 178 4.8 0.8 Myanmar 0.4 101 289 44 1.3 49 0.1 Trinidad and Tobago 2.9 148 2 37 -2.1 5,436 0.7 16.5 Namibia 0.31 110 126 15 0.3 Tunisia 79.5d 381 7 4 -1.9 595 2.4 1.6 Nepal 1.6 150 50 37 1.0 28 7.3 0.1 Turkey 17.3 d 585 202 26 0.0 957 1.8 2.5 Netherlands 8.7 d 518 3 10 -0.3 4,580 3.7 9.2 Turkmenistan 32.6 d 6,390 41 1.4 2,361 10.5 Netherlands Antilles 0 40 -0.6 11'g81 Uganda 0.3d 20 63 32 1.0 23 22.6 0.1 New Caledonia 7 39 0.0 3,308 Ukraine 40.0d 673 92 16 -0.3 3,180 0.4 11.7 New Zealand 0.6 589 75 28 0.0 4,245 2.8 7.6 United Arab Emirates 300.0 884 0 0 0.0 10,531 33.9 Nicaragua 0.5 367 60 50 1.9 300 2.7 0.6 United Kingdom 16.6 205 24 10 -1.1 3,772 3.5 9.8 Niger O.9d 41 24 2 0.4 37 7.3 0.1 United States 18.9 d 1,870 2,960 32 0.1 7,819 2.6 19.1 Nigeria 1.3' 41 156 17 0.7 162 2.2 0.9 Uruguay 0.5d 241 7 4 -0.6 622 4.6 1.6 Northern Mariana Is. 0 19 0.0 Uzbekistan 76.4d 4,121 14 5.5 1,869 0.3 5.7 Norway 0.5d 488 96 31 -1.4 5,318 4.6 14.1 Vanuatu 9 75 00 279 2.9 0.4 Oman 24.0 564 41 19 0.0 2,392 2.4 5.3 Venezuela 0.3d 382 457 52 1.2 2,186 1.2 5.7 Pakistan 32.8d 2,053 19 2 3.5 254 1.5 0.6 Vietnam 7.7 414 83 26 1.5 101 7.5 0.3 Panama 0.9 754 31 42 1.9 618 3.9 1.7 Virgin islands (U.S.) 0 6 0.0 33,843 Papua New Guinea 0.0 28 360 79 0.3 236 4.8 0.6 West Bank and Gaza ParagLiay 0.1 d 109 129 32 2.8 299 3.5 0.6 Western Samoa 1 47 0.0 433 1.4 0.8 Peru 15.3 300 679 53 0.4 367 2.7 1.0 Yemen, Rep. 136.0 335 41 8 0.0 206 0.7 Philippines 9.1 686 78 26 3.4 316 1.9 0.8 Yugoslavia, FR (Serb./Mont.) 29 28 0.2 1'i1O 3.6 Poland 21.91 321 87 28 -0.1 2,401 0.7 8.9 Zaire 0.0 d 10 1,133 50 0.6 45 3.4 0.1 Portugal 10.5 d 739 31 34 -0.5 1,827 2.8 4.8 Zambia 1.5 d 186 323 43 1.1 149 1.8 0.3 Puerto Rico 3 34 0.0 2,000 4.2 3.4 Zimbabwe 6.1 d 136 89 23 0.7 438 IA 1.8 Qatar 0 1 0.0 12,597 38.6 Reunion 1 35 1.1 669 1.8 Not available. Romania 12.5 d 1,134 63 27 0.0 1,733 0.7 5.4 Not.: F,9.,e. . italics - for year. other than those specified The nun,ber 0 or 0.0 m.an. er. or loss than half th. unit h..n and not kn- Russian Federation 2.7 d 790 7,681 0.2 4,014 0.5 14.1 more p-s.ly. Rwanda 12.2 102 2 7 0.2 34 4.9 0.1 a. water - dal.,ef., t. any ye., fr.. 1980 t. 1995 and cover domestic, ind..tnal, and agdc.1t..l s.. b. Refers wmt.m.l ren.-ble water S5o TomC and Principe 0 61 0.0 184 2.6 0.6 .... ure... c. Forest c-rage d.t. reflect the 1990 Food and Agric.it.re organization (FAO) ss."m.nt f., t1rp,ral -m-s and the 1990 Saudi Arabia 163.6 497 12 1 0.0 4,566 1.1 13.1 United N.U.n. Economic C..nc.t for E-pa and FAOassessment fOrte.p.r.t. zone., d. Total wate, -- c-mcl.de -ar fi-s from other countries. .. 1-li,des Eritrea. f. 1.cl.d.s West Bank and Gaza. 27 Economy Economie The wN'orld e( oxioIiiy grew bv about 2.5 percent in 1995, somnewhat slower LLf.(onojiii iiioiiciale a connu urne c7oissaice d'enviuon) 2,5 % en 1995, thani in 1994 desp)ite increasing global integration in trade and tiinance. soit Unlllger ralentissenient par rapport 5i 1994, nialgr& Unle in tdgration Low- andl middle-income economies outstripped highi-inicomiie econoiiies, niondiale croissatnte du commeruece et des Iiiiances. La croissance eco- ledi by strong growvtlh in South Asia andl East Asia anci the Pacific. The nomique des pvays reveuni faible et intermcdiaire a odlpasse celle des pays Republic of Korea moved fi-om the upper-middle-income to the high- revernut eleve, sous l'iimpulsion de la croissance vigoureuse de I'Asie dLo income category. But even witholut Korea develor)nin rointries' Qhare of Qud et c! I'Asic cdc Vl'st c-da iU.afiijuc. La R iuiine de Jorec es world outLput rose slightly to 20.5 percent in 1995. passe de l categorie des pays a revenlL interrnmdiaire de la tianclhe Global per capita income increasedl for the second year in a row, by a lit- supfLieure t celle des pays at revenu eleve. Mais, nmeuie sans la Corme, fa tie iimore tllan I percent. Average per capita incorne in low- and middle- pait des pays en cleveloppeinent dans la piroduction monidiale a legere- income economies (excludcing the economies of the forner Soviet Union) ment augmente pour atteindre 20,5 % en 1995. rose by 2.4 percent, inostly on account of strong growth in Cbinla and Le revenu mondial par habitanit a augmente pour la deuxieime annee India. The econoniies of the former Soviet Union experienced a further consecutive, d'un pett pius de I %. Le revenu moyen par habitant dans les decline in per capita income in 1995 of about-5 percent, considerably less pays a revenu faible et intermeldiaire (hors ex-Union sovietique) a aug- than the 14 percent fall in the previous year. In Sub-Saharan Africa there mentC de 2,4 %, en raison principaleiment de la forte croissance de la was positive per capita income growth for- the first time in many years, asso- Chine et de l'Inde.. L'ex-Union sovi&tique a connu une nouvelle baisse de ciated with terms of trade gains and'better-policies in a growing numlier sI r'evenu'p -. ., i d,'soit nettement moinsque of.countries.; A;-- .. ;0; :-- - f ; . 0 la Ia ch.0iX ute de 14.-Yenregistree.l'anne.'prcdentee En Afrique subsaha- Overall, the international economy is expected to remain broadly sup- rienne on.a constate pour la premi6re fois depuis de nombreusesFann6es` portive of growth in ith developingz economties, with world trade continu- une croissance positive du revenu par habitant, liee a l'amelioration des ing to outstrip GDP, private capital flows to developing countries continu-' termes dej'change eta Ia mise en oeuvre de puolitque plus judicieuses ing to grow, and international inflation and interest rates remainiing low. pa nombre croissant de pays. Globalement,. l'economie internationale devrait gCn6raleiuent rester propice a la croissance dans les pays en. developpement, le commerce mondial continuant a croitre plus vite que le PIB,,les apports de capitaux prives aux pays en developpement -continuant'a augmenter, et l'inflation internationale etujtaux d'rntert demeurant. faibles. I I *i( Di-.Y 4.-wm'-bI''' - -,< I. ½ -A. - 3 I .- 'N-uq c., 't 1 A j jc - j-..-- h--'½ I I Distribution of world population among economies grouped by GNP per capita GNP per capita, 1995 PNB par habitant, 1995 | - s ||""""""""""""""~~- * PNB per capita, 1995 US$765 or less Lower middle US$766-3,035 Upper mniddle- US$3,036-9,385 111111 High F-- US$9,386 or more Li No data A country's gross Total net des dons et Donaclones y prestamos national product divided prets concessionnels oficiales en condlclones GNP per capita, 1995, Us$ by its midyear officiels recus par un conceslonarias,en cifras EastAsla&Pacific see population. pays, divise par sa netas, recibidos por un E-p.&CentralA a 2,220 population en milieu pals, divididos por la , e 22 d'annee. poblacl6nde mediados LatinAmerica&Carlbbean 3,320 del anio. MiddleEast& N.Africa U Soath Asia 350 Africa SabSaharan _ 490 Highinomeeet 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 30 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by GNP per capita growth rate GNP per capita growth rate, 1985-95, percent per year GNP Poraaa- ~e, ap,t~ rUSt 1oflS n fcr, US$ cc, 0trai ccE..... 119% 1995 0-0.9/ 26 1,528,3L54 427 3.580 1.01.9/, -2-4 12-,5903,752 953 _f 13080 2 0-2.rfr 1 24 5,209,194 504 12.330 3.0/ or mere ~ 25 2.0,61)441 2,505 1.030 No data 43 2,486,455 107700 2231 4C- per capita G~~~~~~~~~~~NP growth rate, .4- ~~~~~~~~~~~~1985-95 Taux de croissance du PNB . ~~~~~~par habitant, i ~~~~~1985-95 . ~~~Tasa de 4 f T t' - del crecimiento PNB per capita, .. - ^ Ka^ , 1985-95 : Less than 0% 0 0.9% ,,* . t <0g'* * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0-1 9% l3.0% or more The average annual Variation annuelle Variaci6n porcentual = 100 percentage change in a moyenne, en anual media del PNB per Index of GNP per capita, 1975-95, 1935 250 EastAsia&Pac,fic country's real GNP per pourcentage, du PNB capita real de un pais. capita. reel par habitant. 200 Soath Asia 150 Middle East & N. Africa Z =_ Latin America& aribbe 100 -' - - 50 Sub-Saharan Africa 1975 1980 :1985 1990 1995 31 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by agriculture share in GDP Agriculture share -_- in GDP, 1995 ._4 g . 0 I'agriculture/ dans. ~ ,, U,U U,, _ U, 19,u lePIB, U, U EEEE 1019 l'agricultNodata 20-29% z.. :: Lessthan6% The value added in a Valeur ajoutee du Valor agregado en el country's agricultural secneuragricoleen sectoragricoladeun Agriculture shareinGDP,199,percent sector as a percentage pourcentage du produit palis como porcentaje del of gross domestic interieur brut. producto Interno byuto. ol product. Low income Middle income Low & middle income ioome e High0 0 5 2- 15 20 25 32 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by trade share in GDP Trade share in GDP,1995 US$. ]0I ,1on ~~~~~dSEoo. e 19905 1999 LS$ 1995 Less than 20 _6 5;837.0-23 372 15,700 * U UU U U U U E U U E U~~~~~~~~~~~ E U ___~~~- __ __ _ 25 7,468,401 1,.907 3,920 * U UU U U 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0-39%____ 77126 1,6956 74 4,970 * UU UUU U U U 70", o' more ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ 3 243,227 ~~~~~~~~~ 6~72 4,9~20 ~~88 Nodata 41 315,440) 281 I.12 Trade share in GDP, 1995 Part du commerce ext6rieur dans le PIB, 1995 Proporci6n del comercio exterior en el PIS, 1995 tAff Less than 20% I 20-39% U 40-49% * 50-69% siedleEast& M4os of gross U *. 70% or more - l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ data Exports and imports of Exportatlons et Exportaciones e Trade share in GDP, 1980-95, percent goods and services as a importations de biens et importaciones de bienes 80 Middle East & N. Africa percentage of gross de services en y serviclos como 70 domestic product. pourcentage du produit porcentaje del producto 60 _ _01 interieur brut. interno bruto. 50 h.a A___ 40 Latli America & Carlbbean 30 20 i0 Sauth Asia 1980 1985 1990 1995 33 Distributlon of world population among economies grouped by investment share in GDP Investment share in GDP, 1995 Part de I'i nvestissement dans le PIB, 1995 Proporci6n do 1a inversion en el PIB, 1995 Less than 15%U 15-19%D 20-24%U 25-29%D. 30% or moreU No daeta Grossdomestic InvestissementInt6rieur lnversi6ninternabruta investmentas a brut, en pourcentagedu comoporcentaje del domestic Gross asashareof GDPinselected investment developing economies, 1995,percent of gross percentage produltint6r[eurbrut. productointernobruto. Braz, domesticproduct.Cia l f~ Indonesia MeX1no Rasslan Federation Thailand 0 10 20 30 40 ~34 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by net aid flows per capita Net aid flows per capita, 1994, US$ millions GNP t" J XL Porll oorl pCI aopta USOr' ono "I.- LOs rorr,eo O9~~~ 5905 1000 $5 or less 28 3,724,665 2,27 1270 $6-25 46 1.997.655 1387 1,440 $26 50 25 252,486 311 810 $51 or more 36 251.099 204 1.230 Not applicab e 32 21,37~2,216 814 25,240 No data 10 89,202 30 2,950 -__ j-i Fi = F tq Not aid flows per capita, 1994 Flux nets d'aide par habitant, 1994 1. vi - .- : ] Flujos netos de *-N__''#_ * asistencia per capita, 1994 .... kf . I_ U * US$5 or less *D US$6-25 UUS$26-5o .. t * D 1 US$51 or more . Not applicable No data Net concesslonal loans Total net des dons et Donaclones y prestamos Net aid received per capita, 1994, us$ and grants received by a prets concessionnels oficiales en condiciones country divided by its officlels recus par un conceslonarias, en cifras EastAsa &Pacd,o midyear population. pays, divise par sa netas, recibidos por un AsIa Europe&Ce,tral populatlon en milieu pals, divididos por la Latin & Ganbbean America d'annee. poblacifnde medlados Middle East &N. Afriea South Asia Sub Saharan Africa 0 10 20 30 35 3 0 GNP capita GNPper Average Agrialft.ar Trade evetmeet Netaid GNP percapita GNP Trade eneustmeet Netaid Average Agriculture annual flew annual flews Inflatien Percapita Inflation percapita rate rate Averge Average annual pppv annua PPFs real inter- real inter Uss greth notioal St at t af t of US$ gramh nationeal S at % at St of millions [1557 S $ to GDP GsP GDP US$ mnillions UJS$a % $ ts GDP GoP GDP US$ 1095 1995 1985-95 1995 1985-95 1995 1995 1995 1994 1995 1995 1985-95 1995 1985-95 1996 1995 1995 1994 Afghanistan ,, a. . . . 10 Ecuador 15,997 1,390 0.8 4,220 45.5 12 56 19 19 Albania 2,199 6 *6 29.7 56 52 .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~g 16 51 Egypt,Arab Rep. 45,507 790 1.1 3,820 15.7 20 54 17 47 Algeria 44,609 1,600 -2.6 5,300 a 23.1 13 57 32 15 El Salvador 9,057 1,6510 2.9 2,610 14.7 14 55 19 56 ~ ~ ~ ~ Ametican ~ Samoa 0 .. .. .. .. ~~~~Equatorial Gaines .. 162 380) 2.3 .. 4.1 50 112 23 7 Andorra .. . ..... . .... ... Eritreas . . . . 11 104 20 45 Angola 4,422 410 -6.1 1,310 d.169.5 12 132 27 43 Estoniag.4,252 2,860 -4.3 4,220 76.2 8 160 27 29 Antigua and Barbada 2.7 .. 4.4 4 217 22 60 Ethiopia 5,72 100 -0.5 450 5.9 57 39 17 2 Argentina 278,431 6,030 1.9 8,310 255.4 6 16 16 7 Faeroe Islands .. f. .. 0 Armenia 2,752 730 -15.1 2,260 179.4 44 65 9 51 Fiji 1,895 2,440 2.3 5,780 d 4.9 § 104 14 53 Araba tf . . .5 . . . 242 Finled 105,174 20,5860 -0.2 17,760 3.6 68 1 Australia 337,909 18720 1.4 18,940 3.7 3 40 23 t France 1,451,951 .24.990 1.5 21,030 2.6 2 43 18 Austtia 216,547 26,890 1.9 21,250 3.2 2 77 27 French Sualns - --- Azerbaijang 3,601 480 -716.3 1,460 279.3 27 . 66 16 20 French Polynesia .. f. .. 1,680 Bahamas, The 3,297 11,940 -1.0 14,7100 372 .. . 1 Gabon 3,759 3,490 -1.6 7 ~4.8 101 26 170 Bahrain 4,525 7,840 0.6 13,400 0.4 1 191 27 79 Gambia, The 354 320 0.3 93~ 10.3 26 103 21 66 Bangladesh 28,599 240 2,1 1,38 . 94 31 37 17 15 Georgiag 2,358 440 -17.0 1,470 310.0 67 46 3 33 Barbados 1,745 6,560 -0.2 10,6200d 2.5 5 96 13 -3 Germany 2,252,343 27,510 .. 20,070 § 46 21 Beiarusg 21,356 2,070 -5.2 4,22 309.4 13 § 25 i1 Ghana 6,719 390 1.5 1,990 d 28.4 46 59 19 33 Belgium 250,710 24,710 2.2 21,660 3.1 2 143 18 Greece 85,865 8,210 1.2 11,710 15.1 21 57 19 4 Salie 566 2,630 4.4 5,400 ad . 2 0 26 138 Greenland., .t ... . Basin 2,0343~70 -0,4 1,760 2.9 34 64 20 48 Grenada 271 2,980 - - 5.3 11 47 32 190 Bermuda .. .. -12 . . . . . Guadeloupoe Bhutan 295 420 4.0 1,260 a 8.4 40 84 32 113 Guam ft Bolini 5,905 800 1.7 2,540 18.5 . 47 1 60Goma 14,255 1,340 0.3 3,340 18.6 25 47 17 22 Bosnia and Herzegavina .. . . . . . . . .Gaines 3,593 550 1.4 16.8 24 46 15 56 Botswana 4,381 3,020 6.0 5,580 11.6 5 101 25 62 Guinea-Bissau 265 250 1.8 790a 62.8 46 48 16 170 Brazil 579,787 3,640 -0.7 5,400 873.8 14 15 22 2 Guyana 493 590 0.8 2,420 51.1 36 159 19 97 Brae . f. . . 0.3 3 . .. 19 Hiti 1,777 250 -5. 9100d 14.7 44 17 2 816 Bulgari'a 11,225 1,330 - 2.2 4,480 45.3 13 94 21 19 Honduras 3,566 600 0.2 1,900 14.2 21 80 23 52 Barkina Fanso 2,417 230 -0.1 7800d 2.5 34 45 22 43 Hong Kong' 142,332 22,990 4.8 22,950 8.7 0 297 35 4 Berendi 984 160 -1.3 6300d 6.1 56 43 11 51 Hungary 42,129 4,120 -1.0 6,410 19.9 8 67 23 20 Cambodia 2,718 270 2.0 .. 70.5 51 36 19 34 Iceland 6,686 24,950 0.3 20,460 11.8 § 70 15 Cameroon 8,615 650 -7.0 2,110 2.0 39 46 15 56 India 319,660 340 3.1 1,400 9.8 29 27 25 3 Canada 573,695 19,380 0,4 21,130 2.9 § 71 19 PIndonesia 190,105 980 6.0 3,800 8.8 17 53 389 Cape Ve6rde 366 960 2.1 1,870 d 7.2 13 75 45 327 Iran, Islamic Rep. a0.5 5,470 24.2 25 39 29 2 Cayman Islands . _. . . . . . . -37 Iraq . h. ., . 13 Central African Republic 1,123 340 -2.0 1,0700d 3.7 44 46 15 51 Ireland 52,765 14,710 5.2 15,680 2.5 § 136 13 t Chad ~ 1,144 180 0.5 76000 3.1 44i 4l6 9 34 isle of Man Channel Islands . . . . . . .staol I. 87,875 15,920 2.5 16,490 17.1 69 24 230 Chile 59,151 4,160 6.1 9,520 17.9 . 54 27 11 Italy 1,088,985 19,020 1.7 19,870 6.0 3 49 18 China 7480 620 8.0 2,920 9.5 21 40 40 3Jamaica 3,803 1,510 3.7 3,540 28.3 9 145 17 45 Colombia 70,263 1,910 2,8 6,130 25.2 14 35 20 4 Japan 4,963,587 39,640 2.9 22,110 1.4 2 17 29f Comor s 237 470 -1.4 1,32001 4.0 39 64 17 82 Jordan 6,354 1,510 -2.8 4,0600d 7.1 8 121 26 92 Congo 1,784 680 -3.2 2,050 2.2 10 128 27 141 Kazakstang 22,143 1,330 -6 3,1 30. 12 69 22 3 Casts Rica 8,884 2,610 2.9 5,850 18.5 17 81. 25 23 Kenya 7,563 280 0.1 1,380 13.0 29 72 19 26 Cdte dIvoime 9,248 660 -4.3 1,580 2.1 31 76 13 115 Kiribati 73 920 -0.3 3.8 § § § 203 Croatia 15,508 3,250 .. . . 12 93 14 .. Korea, Damn.Rap. h 0 Cuab.. .t .. . .. . .. . 4 Korea, Rep. 435,137 9,700 7.6 11,450 6.8 7 67 37 - Cyprus . .. 4.6 .. 4.3 6 99 22 61 Kuwait 28,941 17,390 0.9 23,799 0 104 12 4 Czech Repuhlic 39,990 3,870 -1.8 9,770 12.2 63 108 25 14 KyrgyzRepublicg 3,158 700 7-69, 1,800 172.3 44 58 16 38 Denmark 156,027 29,890 1.5 21,230 2.8 4 64 16 PLao PDR 1,694 350 2.7 22.6 52 § 46 0 Djibouti .. . . . . 3 101 12 214 Latvia 5,708 2,270 -66 330 7. 1 21 20 Dominica 218 2,999 4.0 .. 4.4 21 109 25 229 Lebanon 10,673 2,660 2.7 45.8 7 70 29 60 Dominican Repablic 11,390 1,460 2:1 3,870 26.3 15 55 20 9 Lesotho :1,519 779 1.5 1,7800d 13.6 10 138 87 60 36 5 Trade Inneut.eret Net erld Average Agriculture GNP GNPpe, -apita TradeIeeeuteent Average AgrleutHere Net aid GNP- GNPpefcapIta annUal flows annual flows Inflaftlun pe, capita InMatIon ParcapIt rate rate Average Average anneal PPP0 annual pppb real Inner- rea inter- lUS$ grecth national %vi 5.at S of AS$ gructh national %at % ot %vf 0 % GDP GDP GDP JS$ mrillions USA ' $ 9 GOeP GDP GDeP LIS$ m,llivvs us$, nd 1995 1999 1985-95 1995 1989-99 1995 1999 1995 1994 1999 1995 1985-95 1995 1985-95 1995 1995 1995 1994 Liberia v .. . * . 23 Senegal 5,070 600 -1.2 1,780 3.7 20 . 69 16 78 Libya .. I Seychelles 487 6,620 4:2 .. 3.3 4 129 26 178 Liechtenstein . .. . .. . .. . .. sierra Leose 762 180 -3.4 580 6.1.5 42 40 6 63 Lithuaniag 7.070 1,900 -11. 7 4,120 151.0 11 108 19 19 Singapore 79,831 26,730 6.2 2 2 ,7 7 0 d 3.9 0 § 33 6 Luxermbourg 18M 41,210 1.0 37,930 4.7 § 184 § SlovakiRepublic 15,848 2.950 -2.6 3,6.10 10.4 6 124 28 15 Macao .. . . . 9.3 . 111 31 1 Slovenia 16,328 8,20 .o. . 5 113 22 Macedonia, FR1,813 860 . .. . .. 86 15 .. Solomon Islands 341 910 2.2 2190 d 11.7 .. § § 129 Madsgascar 3,178 230 -2.0 640 17.9 34 54 11 22 Somalia .. r§ § § 61 Malawi 1,623 170 -0.7 750 22.0 42 69 15 49 South Africa 130.918 3,160 -1.0 5,030 d 13.7 5 44 18 7 Malaysia 78,321 3,890 5.7 9,020 3.3 13 194 41 3 Spain 532,347 1-3,580 2.6 14.520 6.3 3 47 21 Maldives 251 990 6.7 3,080 d 9.2 . § .. 123 Sri Lanka 12.616 700 2.7 3,250 11.1 23 83 25 33 Mali 2,410 250 0.6 850 151.9 46 60 26 46 St. K(itts and Nevis 212 5,170 4.6 9,410 d 5.5 6 .. 39 106 Malta e 5.1 .. 2.9 3 198? 29 115 St. LAdsa 532 3.370 3.9 .. .2 11 141 25 167 5.4 § 915 St. Vincent and the Grenadine.s 253 2,.280 3.9 .. 3.6 11 . .. 62 marshall islands . h. . . . .. Martinique .. .~ . . . . . .Sudan .. .~ 0.6 .. 63.2 § § § 15 6.9 27 104 15 121 Suriname 360 880 0.7 2,250Od 48.5 26 11 23 148 Mauritania 1,049 460 0.5 1 ,5 4 0 d Mauritius 3,815 3,380 5.7 13,210 8.8 9 1.20 25 13 Swaziland 1.05.1 1,170 0.6 2.880 11.7 9 186 17 62 Mayotte * . . . . 997 Sweden 209,720 23,750 -0. 1 18,540 5.5 2 77 14 Mexico 304,596 3,320 0.1 6,400 36.7 8 48 15 5 Switzerland 286,014 40,630 0.2 25,860 3.4 § 68 23 1' Sta. 25 Microsesia,Fed. .. .. . 4.5 .. . . 964 SyrianArab Repuiblic 15,780 1,120 1.0 5,320 15.8 § § §5 Moldovag 3,996 920 -8.2 . .. 50 78 7 12 Tajikistang 1,976 340 -13.0 920 146.6 § 228 17 12 Tanzanial 3.703 120 0.9 640 32.3 58 96 31 34 Monaco .. f. . . .. . . Mongolia 767 310 -3.8 1,950 a 51.6 § § 78 Thailand 159,630 2,740 8.4 7,540 5.0. 11 90 43 10 Morocco 29,545 1,110 0.8 3,340 4.8 14 62 21 24 Togo 1,266 310 -2.8 1 , 1 3 0 ad 3.0 38 665 14 31 52.2 33 102 60 80 Tonga 1170 1,630 0.2 ... 7.9 36 § § 349 M07am6ique 1,353 80 I3.6 8 IO d Myanmar .. *v 0.4 .. 26.4 63 4 12 4 Trinidad and Tobago 4,851. 3,770 -1.6 8,610 d 6.8 3 68 14 17 Namibia 3,098 2,000 2.8 J50Od 10.5 14 110 20 91 Tunisia 16,3169 1,820 1.8 5,000 6.0 12 93 .24 12 4 Nepal 4,391 200 2.4 1 ,1 7 0 ~ 11i.6 42 60 23 21 Tsrkey 169,452 2,780 2.2 5,580 64.6 16 45 25 3 Netherlands 371,039 24,000 1.8 19,950 1.7 3 99 22 Turkmnenistang 4,125 920 -9.6 .. 381.4 § .. § 6 Netherlands Antilles f... . . . . . . 9 gna468 20 28 1 4 0 65.5 50 33 16 41 New Caledonia *r. . . . 2,184 Ukraineg 84,084 1,630 -9.2 2,400 362.5 18 . .. 6 New Zealand 51,655 14,340 0.6 16,360 3.9 § 62 24 United Arab Emirates 42,806 17,400 -3.5 16,4V70d. 2 139 27 -3 Nicaragua 1.659 380 -5.8 2,t000 963.7 33 76 18 145 United Kingdom 1,094,734 18,700 1.4 19,260 5.1 2 57 16 Niger 1,961 220 -2.1 750 d 1.3 3.9 30 6 43 United States 7,100,007 26,980 1.4 26,980 3.2 2 24 16 Nigeria 28,411 260 1.2 1,220 33.0 28 .-. 2 Urugujay 16,458 5,170 3.3 6,630 70.5 9 41 14 27 Northern Mariana Is. . .. . .. . .. . .. 45 Uzbekistang 21,979 970 -3.9 2,370 239.0 33 125 23 1 Norway 1.36,077 31,.250 1.6 21,940 3.1 § 71 23 Vanuatu 202 1,200 -1.1 2,290 d 5.5 § § § 253 Oman 10,578 4,820 0.3 8, 1 4 0 d -0.2 § 89 17 45 Venezuela 65,3812 3,020 0.5 7,900 37.6 5 49 16 1 Pakistan 59,991_ 460 1.2 2,230 9.3 26 36 19 13 Vietnam 17,634 240 4.2 .. 88.3 28 83 27 12 Panama 7,235 2,750 -0.4 5,989 1.7 11 79 24 15 Virgin Islands (U.S.).. . . ... .... .. . 10 Papaa New Guinea 4,976 1,160 2.1 2,426 d 4.6 26 106 24 78 West Bank and Gaza . h. . .. Paraguay 8,158 1,690 1.1 3,650 24.9 24 82 23 22 Western Samoa 184 1.120 -0.4 2,0 3 0 d 10.6 § § § 295 Peru 55,019 2,310 -1.6 3,770 398.5 7 30 17 18 Yemen, Rep. 4,044 260 .. . . 22 88 12 12 Philippines 71,865 1,050 1.5 2,850 9.8 22 80 23 16 Yugoslavia,PR(Serb./Mont.) . . . .. Poland 107,829 2.790 -0.4 5,400 91.8 6 53 17 47 Zaire 5,313 120 -8.5 490 d § § § 6 Portugal 96,689 9,740 3.7 12,670 11.2 § 66 28 Zambia 3,605 400 -1.0 930 91.6 22 71 12 78 Puerto Rico .2 2.1 .. 2.9 1 § 17 .. Zimbabwe 5,933 540 -0.6 2,030 20.9 15 74 22 52 Qatar 7,448 11.600 -2.6 17,690~ . . . . 5 Rieunion .. f. . . . . . § )t ..Netavailble.t at aPplivabie. § Seeerap tsr range estimate. Roman'a 33,488 1,480 -4.0 4,360 69.1 21 60 26 6 Note:Figures iv italicsarefor yerassteermhan thoen specfited.The numbers ato0.0 meansvera or less thansalt theunit shownr andnat knuwn t Russian Federation 331,948 2,240 -5.1 4,480 148.9 7 44 25 12 morepr--lny. Rwanda 1,128 1.80 -50 540 10.4 37 32 13 92 a. Calculatedusing nheAtlasmethod. b. Purchasing p-mer see thetechnivalrates.r. Estimtned parity: to beInwcinrve 19795 vr lessi. Sho Tom& and Principe 45 350 -2.1 .. 40.1 23 108 50 407 d. Obtainedtramregression estimates.e. Estimated to he upper middleminrue 193,0369A,385I. t. Estimated te beSighincome 199,389 or Saudi Arabia .133,540 7.040 -1.9 .. 27 § 70 20 1 rmere.g. GNPestimates tar the ecnonomiesat the turmerSovetUnlonarepreliminry,andtheir-nveme clussiticatiu Mlibe keptunder reviw. htEtimatedto he liner middle incame ($766-3.035). i. Reterences to GNP relateta GDP.jODta never mainland Taneuvi only. 37 A=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~g States and markets Etat et marche Gwoverinments 5 in Illniy t l()T)clrig coulntries arfe tri-ig toc to qhiL f' pre-Dtarts no rUX pays cre ds veloppenloent ies gOunV-enelicnits S=ei4ie n*ilet la~cte;ii--. .k .cl.-;a~ irp1cibpairi-l1s .negocos, asi como-lacderaci&n dAe lreor.sdel ecinr fac de .a empresas ptihlas . . ...-.-.. r- -- " - -'';' ':' '' Comeo esltado -dela pkicad6n d mfs acertrlae inticasntertnas ha mayor ap@ertura al eomercio mutediau los paises en desarrolo han, (oicnza(ldo a aiiraet- inimpotan tes flijos de capital priv ado v sis mtercados cie N=alorescomienzan a prosperar. N) obstan C, son TiiCiIhos los pai( s en '1ic cii St' t pi;iadlO continia breo anl tIn ell lln aint,elnlte de fint Cs et liccniLes rt al nlerrtiX un iie-t()s - X lddos. l.a p1 tt ar ial hi llac : 'ch utnc ria dk- i u fraIc>tu; u a iA a ai I InIpi t(I a i(mS I(inC.ica(lc tilliC'i(i talCit l(i ta C'ltic'ii mtl i amneiltialtli) dC ~lt:tOS. Mnatu IOS11(1oiiCtiti\iiclo tai, i foiii cii iiit- Ao aume aide ii, f0soics, I -tu t i il a 1 cA) ! I .i Ci )cIii I .I cIi (A ! t->t I111gi I c 'i I at t' ,1 I il ) illt cI ,I it ) 11 1: ,Itl lt a >c t' illtici i innaleics. \Aidelcni9, las di(ie lleias (It lo sislel 1d' tilula i (O,l Oii (1)51 ~,c( pald h ac'e pal in ildihe fet-hclua i CrsinnC's IlnJS adectlCdas enL iulifracsti t lull( a. TambiCin us itiodamcenal corita- con sistcnas fiilnainiciros Ilnas ctiCictcus, pai-a eva- lilar a lo , ('s!tltt'cotlt (iA I'iC(Sg( tl(tdll a'tia a lol'iClali io) 10 rCuil- 'o' (if'<(lj''(( I't-'' t'TI ' til i t j (ILlS ijllit! (,1 ( Distribution of world population among economies grouped by size of net private capital flows Net private capital flows, 1995 Apports nets de capitaux prives, 1995 Flujos netos de capital privado, 1995 US$0 million or less US$1 Million to 100 million US$101 million to 250 millionU US25 milo o1 bil lio Morn thaon US$1 billion U No data/not included Net privatedebtand Flux nets de capitaux Deudaprlvada y flujosa nondebt flowsto priv6s,g6n6rateurs de economlas en desarrollo Not private capital flows to developingeconomies,1995, billions of U.S dollars developing economies. dette et nong6n6rateurs no relaclonados conla EatAsi&Pacfi de dette, A destination deuda,en cifras netas. despaysen Esrope Asia &Con,trol d6veloppement. Latin & a,ibbean Americo MiddleEas &N.Africa OS.thAsia Africa Sub-Saharan 0 10 20 30 40 50 40 Distribution of world population among economies grouped by telephone mainlines Telephone mainlines, 1995, per thousand people per thousand people GNP I ISP u ns ,II P.[ ~I-o ons P9, ~ US$ ,er 32 157401 6 2 230 6-25 29 729.172 1,538 470 20 100 49 2,677,303 2019 1-330 01 -50 ____ 76 12,122673 063 12,590 *uu h1-7000 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ko 11,90162 86 2406 No cata6 9,148 2 3,680~ Telephone -~ >nmainlines per thousand people, ~~~~~~~~a ~~~~~~~~~~~~~1995 Io 23 t c, Lignes telephoniques principales pour 1 000 habitants, 1995 Lineas telef6nicas w. .1 gY. 5 > :principales por :,.,,,4"Y8'd'' ~, g > ''" 1995 i ' tf jFpersonas, r ' - g; # °° _ * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ or fewer U 26-100 iw F]~~~~~ 101 500 E More than 500 No data Telephone lines Lignes telephoniques Lineas telef6nicas que Telephone mainlines per thousand people, 1995 connecting a customer's raccordant le materiel conectan el equipo del EatAsia&Pacfi equipment to the public d'un abonne au reseau cliente a la red F________p___________Central__________Asia______ switched telephone telephonique public telef6nica publica con Erope & Central Asia network, commute. conmutaci6n. Latin Anerica & Caribean Middle East & N. Africa South Asia Sub-Saha- Africa High income 0 50 100 150 200 41 Private Not Not Domestic M..ey Mean Central Electricity Tel.pho.. Private Net Net D.-ti. Money Mann Cent,.[ Electricity Teleph.n. investment Private fo,eig. credit to .. d Wiff, gme-ent production .. Inll... Investment private foreign credit tQ end t.riff, go-1--t production Malniin.. 21tal dire-t pyivt. qu.el .11 u,r.nt capital direct private quasi .11 current flows, Invest.ent sector money p.du.tV rav.- fl.w.. oveStruent e.tol .0hey products- I.-hU. P., per % of US$ % of % of of % of million 1,000 % of US$ % of % of % of % Of million I'000 GDF GDP GDP GDP GDP kWh peopi. GDFI - 'illom GDP GDP GDP % GDP Wh people 1994 1995 1995 1995 1995 1990-93 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1995 1995 1995 1990-93 1995 1994 1995 Afghanistan 2 Ecuador 60.9 561 2.6 34 27 12.3 16 8,256 Albania 70 3.2 4 47 23 3,903 12 Egy Arab Rep, 58J 294 1.3 47 97 283 41 51,947 46 41geri-a 129 0.0 5 39 24.8 19,883 42 El Salvador 79.9 8 0.4 35 36 -21.1 12 3,211 53 American Samoa E uatorial Guinea 1 0.6 4 11 6 Andorra 438 Eritrea 5 AngoJa 523 107 116 955 6 Estonia 207 5.0 15 23 35 9,151 277 Antigua and Barbuda 5.1 46 62 308 Ethiopia -42 0.1 16 42 28.8 14 1,293 2 Argentina 7,204 0.5 18 19 9 9 65,962 160 Faeroe Islands 5i3 Armenia 8 6.4 7 5,658 -156 Fiji 37.4 47 3.2 38 50 Aruba 43 51 310 Finland 65 57 33 65,546 550 Australia 76 61 9.8 25 167,155 51-0 France 86 64 6.7 41 476,60 658 Austria 95 .316 53,259 465 French Guiana 288 Xzerbatian 110 3.2 1 9 17,600 85 rench Poiynesja 219 Bahamas, The 77 60 53 16 283 Gabon -125 -1.1 8 15 933 30 -0.5 42 71 28 4,550 22 Gambia, The 10 io 23 23 18 ..6.do .. Bangladesh 55.0 10 0.0 21 36 84.1 - I9,891 2 Georgia I II 0 ...0.C1 .. I I .. . 6,803 96 Bar a s 15 0.7 64 59 345 Germany 100 62 6.7 32 528,221 493 Belarys 103 6.1 6 10 31,397 190 Ghana 27A 525 3.6 5 i5 15.0 17 6,115 4 Belgium 65 80 6.7 45 72,236 457 Greece 1.2 44 53 6.7 28 40,623 493 Befize 4873 17 3.6 42 43 .134 Greenfand 351 enin 33.6 1 0.3 9 25 37.4 6 5 Grenada 22 8.7 59 77 255 Bermuda '739 Guadeloupe 77 .378 Bkutan -2 7 28 15 6 Guam 461 iollvi 40.2 191 2.4 53 45 9.7 17 2,824 35 Guatemala 84.1 85 0.5 19 24 22.8 8 3,161 27 Bosnia and Herzegovi :na 0 1,921 71 Guinea 55 74 20 6.6 5 4 8.9 Botswana 64 1.6 13 26 57 40 Guinea-Bissau 1 0.4 7 14 9 Brazil 76 2 19,097 0.7 35 26 11.1 26 260,682 75 Guyana -7 0.5 29 56 53 Brunei 1,715 240 Haiti 2 0.1 17 43 11.6 362 8 Sulgarfa 489 1.1 38,133 335 Honduras 66 1.3 25 25 10.1 2,672 29 6urkina Faso 0 6.6 7 22 3 dong Kong 0.0 26,743 530 6urundi 1 0.2 20 20 3 Hungary 7,841 10.3 26 43 11.0 33,486 185 Cambodia 164 5.4 4 8 1 Iceland .6 46 38 30 4,780 555 6a eroon 49 1.3 9 16 18.7 14 2,740 4 India 6176 3,592 0.4 25 46 56.3 13 386,500 1 Canada 81 59 io.5 21 554,227 590 Indonesia 76.0 11,648 2.2 19.4 18 53,414 17 Cape r e 10 0.6 28 76 57 Iran, Islamic Rep. 61.0 23 35 20.7 25 79,128 79 Cayman Islands (raq 27,060 33 Central African Republic .. 7 .... 3 0.3 4 21 32.0 2 Ireland . . I. 11 - 11 - - I . I.. 7! 55 50 6.7 37 17 165 365 Chad 7 0.6 5 .14 .1 Isle of Man Channel isiands Israel 67 67 8.3 39 32,781 418 Chile 80.4 4,230 3.4 53 34 11.0 21 25,276 132 italy 62 6.7 40 231,804 434 China 44,336 5.1 89 36.3 6 928,083 34 Jamaica 188 3.8 32 44 1 7.3 2,336 116 Colombia 59.7 3,741 3.3 41 19 13.3 17 43,354 100 Japan 210 113 6.3 2 964,328 487 comoros 2 0.9 13 20 9 Jordan 7 143 0.0 72 i64 13.8 27 5,076 73 Congo -49 0.0 8 15 18.6 435 8 Kazakstan 5oo 1. 7 66,397 118 Costa Rica 79.4 384 4.3 13 32 21.1 26 4,772 .164 Kenya 49.6 -42 0.4 34 38 35.1 22 3,539 9 8 Kiribati 26 ote d'lvoire 6471 36 0.2 20 26 4.9 2,305 - Croatia 346 0.4 34 22 45 8,275 269 Kprea, Dem. Rep, 38,000 47 6uba 7, 10,982 32 Korea, Rep. 73.8 .6 70 41 9.0 20 164,663 415 6yprus 123 90 32 2,681 474 Kuwait 22 78 221768 46 Czech Republic 5,596 5.7 67 81. 6.7 41 58,705 236 Kyr$yz Republic 15 0.5 .4 12,932 73 Denma 33 58 6.7 41 40,097 613 Lao PDR 88 6.o 9 13 4 Djibouti 4 0.8 48 71 13 Latvia 224 iO 7 5 27 4,446 280 Dominica 12 5.3 56 61 241 Lebanon 1,153 0.3 58 118 5,184 82 Dominican Republic 5471 237 2.4 27 24 17 6,182 79 Lesotho 32 2.2 20 29 51 9 42 Private Not Net D.m.stic Marcy M.an Central Electri.ity Tel.phorie p,lvte Not Net D... tl. M.ney Mean Central Electricity Tleph.ne Investment private foreign credit to and t.,Iff, gv..m.nt produ.ti.n m.lnllnes In... tinent private fbreign credit to and tariff, g.-mmemt ined..d.n mainlinos capital direct P'Wat. Quasi .11 c.,r..t capital direct P'lvate q... I all .. rrent fl-0 Investment ... tmr money in.ducts a-n.e flo.." Investment ... Or .... y products- revenue Pe, Pe, % of US$ % of % of % of % of Million 1,000 % of JS$ % of % of % or of I'(00 GOFI- .'llets GDP GDP GDP % GDP kwh people GDH- mtll'.ns GDP GDP GDP % GDP kh People 1994 1995 1995 1995 1995 1990 98 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 :1995 1995 1995 1900-93 1995 1994 1995 Liberia 2 senegai -24 6.o 1 20 34.2 1,002 10 Libya 18.3 17,800 59 Seychelles 38 10.5 8 45 50 178 Liechtenstein Sierra Leone -28 0.1 3 10 25.8 13 4 Lithuania 194 1.0 17 23 25 10,055 .254 Singapore 107 8.3 0.5 26 20,046 478 Luxembourg 47 1,190 565 Slovak Republic 653 1.1 28 63 24,740 208 Macao 361 Slovenia 838 0.9 27 32 12,630 309 Macedonia, FYR 0 0.0 5,511 165 Solomon Islands 19 4.8 10 27 17 Madagascar 53.3 4 0.3 11 18 8 2 Somalia I 2 M-alawi 14.1 -14 0.1 8 is 4 South Africa 72.8 0.0 131 52 19.7 27 189,316 95 Malaysia 65.1 11,924 6.8 130 85 14.3 25 39,093 166 Spain 74 79 6.7 3.2 161,654 385 Maldives 11 3.3 21 43 35 .57 SriLanka 7076 140 0.5 27 32 24.1 21 4,387 II Mail 51.7 1 0.0 Ii 20 3.0 2 St. Kitts and Nevis 19 8.9 3 73 32 351 Malta 120 2.3 94 139 35 1,500 459 St. Lucia 63 11.3 63 60 184 marshaii isiands 57 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 3i 12.1 50 58 164 Martinique 414 Sudan 0 5 x 56.6 1,333 3 Mauritania 3 0.3 23 ig 4 Suriname 4.5 9 3 136 MauritiLis 62.0 304 0.4 48 73 21 131 Swaziland 58 5.4 24 31 21 Mayotte 48 Swecen 108 38 142,895 681 Mexico 80.7 13,068 2.8 41 31 12.6 17 147,926 96 SvvitzeTtand 172 126 22 65,724 613 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. '7. 74 Syrian Arab Republic 43 0.4 11 63 14.8 23 15,182 63 Moldova 79 1.8 5 12 8,228 Ik Tajikistan 15 0.8 17,000 45 Monaco Tanzaniad 137 4.2 9 31 19.5 1,913 3 Mongolia -4 1.2 13 26 27 32 Thailand 77.1 9,143 1.2 140 74 23.1 19 71,177 59 Morocco 37.3 572 0.9 49 65 24.5 11,10( 43 Togo 0 21 29 5 Mozambique 67 2.5 5.0 490 3 Tonga 2 1.2 43 32 64 Myanmar. 61 7 3,500 3 Trinidad and Tobago 271 5.6 44 40 18.7 4,069 160 Namibi .a 61.0 1.5 57 39 35 51 Tunisia 527 751 1.5 68 44 30O 6,714 58 Nepal 70.6 -2 0.2 19 34 16.7 11 927 4 Turkey 80.0 2,000 0.5 19 25 6.5 18 78,322 212 Netherlands 99 82 6.7 46 79,647 525 Turkmenistan 20 0.0 10,496 76 Netherlands Antilles 971 374 Uganda 112 2.1 4 10 17.1 2 New Caledonia 236 Ukraine 247 0.3 0 0 202,995 157 New Zealand - 90 78 8.5 35 35,i35 479 United Arab Emirates - 50 54 4.5 18,870 283 Nicaragua -7 3.7 36 30 10.7 25 1,688 23 United Kingdom 118 6.7 36 325,383 502 Niger -23 0.1 5 14 I United States 109 59 5.9 21 3,473,620 627 Nigeria 25.9 453 2.4 8 25 34.3 1.5,530 4 Uruguay 70.1 217 0.7 29 33 9.3 30 7,617 i96 Northern Mariana Is. 258 Uzbekistan 235 0.5 47,000 76 Norway 72 56 5.7 40 Ii3,488 556 Vanuatu 31 16.6 44 118 25 Oman 126 1.2 29 31 5.7 32 6,187 77 Venezuela 40.3 848 1.2 12 23 13.4 .19 73,116 III Pakistan 52.8 1,443 0.7 27 41 51.0 19 58,529 16 Vietnam 1,487 6.9 12.0 .12,276 11 Panrna 84.0 228 3.0 82 68 28 3,380 114 Virgin Islands (U.S.) 589 Papua New Guinea 79.6 578 9.2 20 30 7.0 22 10 West Bank and Gaza Paraguiy 76.9 174 2.6 22 26 9.3 14 36,415 31 Western Sam.oa 3 46 Peru 81.3 3,532 3.3 is 17 17.6 16 15,563 47 Yemen, Rep. -2 0.0 5 47 16.2 21 2,159 12 Philippines 80.1 4,605 2.0 45 45 20.0 18 27,062 21 Yugoslavia, FR (Serb./Mont.) 0 33,171 191 Poland 5,058 3.1 13 32 12.0 41 135,347 148 Zaire I 5,545 1 Portugal 58 78 6.7 34 31,380 361 Zambia 30 1.6 7 13 25.9 14 7,785 8 Puerto Rico 332 Zimb abwe 99 0.6 35 26 7.334 14 Qatar 37 67 5,814 223 Reunion M6 Not available. Romania 687 1.2 20 16.7 30 55,136 131 Note: Figures in italics .,e for years th.1 than those specified. Th. number 0 or 0.0 eans zro or less than h.If the -it shown nd not known Russian Federation 1,116 0.6 8 12 17 875,914 170 mo,. precisely. Rwanda I 0.1 9 16 34.8 2 a. Gross domosb. fiedmvest-ot. 6. Data are sh-n fm developing ccc-m* only. C. Rg"Ies. in it.lics refer 1. Ihe mld-1990S. It Data co- S5o Tom6 and Principe 19 rrainland Tamara only, Saudi Arabia -1.5 64 5o 12.2 91,019 96 43 TECHNICAL NOTES Demographic data (population, life expectancy, and Les donn@esdemographiques (population, esperance de Los datos demograficos (poblaci6n, esperanza de vida y infant mortality) are World Bank estimates and are a vie et mortalite infantile), fruit d'estimations de la mortalidad infantil) son estimaciones del Banco Mundial y combination of observed values and interpolated and Banque mondiale, sont une combinaison de valeurs consisten en una combinaci6n de valores observados y projected estimates. The midyear population estimate observees et d'estimations obtenues par interpolation estimaciones interpoladas y proyectadas. La estimaci6n includes all residents regardless of legal status or et projection. L'estimation de la population en milieu de la poblaci6n a mediados del ano comprende a todos citizenship. Refugees not permanently settled in the d'annee inclut tous les residents du pays, los residentes, independientemente de su situaci6n country of asylum are considered to be part of the independamment du statut juridique et de la juridica o su ciudadania. Los refugiados que no se han population of their country of origin. The average annual citoyennete. Les refugies qui ne sont pas etablis a titre establecido definitivamente en el pals de asilo se population growth rate is calculated as the exponential permanent dans le pays oO ils ont trouve asile sont consideran parte de la poblaci6n de su pais de origen. change for the period indicated. comptes dans la population de leur pays d'origine. Le La tasa media de crecimiento anual de la poblaci6n se Poverty is measured as the proportion of the taux annuel moyen d'accroissement de la population est calcula como la variaci6n exponencial correspondiente population living on less than US$1 a day at 1985 calcule comme I'evolution exponentielle pendant la al periodo indicado. prices, adjusted for purchasing power parity. Poverty periode consid6ree. La pobreza se mide como la proporci6n de la poblaci6n data are based on national surveys. Consumption per La pauvrete est mesur6e comme la part de la que vive con menos de US$1 al dia a precios de 1985, capita is private consumption expenditure, adjusted for population vivant avec moins de 1 dollar par jour aux prix ajustados para tener en cuenta la paridad de poder purchasing power parity, divided by the midyear de 1985, compte tenu de la parite des pouvoirs d'achat. adquisitivo. Los datos relativos a la pobreza se basan en population. Les donnees sur la pauvrete sont basees sur les encuestas nacionales. El consumo per capita es el gasto Malnutrition refers to the percentage of children enquetes nationales. La consommation par habitant est en concepto de consumo privado, ajustado para tener en under five whose weight for age is more than two mesuree en termes de d6penses de consommation privee, cuenta la paridad del poder adquisitivo, dividido por la standard deviations below the average for the reference ajustee pour tenir compte de la parite des pouvoirs poblaci6n a mediados del aho. population. The data are from the Subcommittee on d'achat, divisee par la population au milieu de I'annee. La malnutrici6n se refiere al porcentaje de ninios Nutrition of the United Nations Administrative Committee La malnutrition renvole au pourcentage d'enfants menores de cinco ahos cuyo peso para la edad se on Co-ordination. Gross female primary enrollment is the ages de moins de cinq ans dont le poids pour leur age encuentra mas de dos desviaciones estandar por debajo percentage of girls enrolled in primary school. est inferieur de plus de deux ecarts types a celui de la del promedio para la poblaci6n de referencia. Los datos Enrollment data are from UNESCO. Female labor force moyenne de la population de reference. Les donnees provienen del Subcomite de Nutrici6n del Comite estimates are from the International Labour Office. utilisees sont celles du Sous-Comite de la nutrition du Administrativo de Coordinaci6n de las Naciones Unidas. Comite administratif de coordination (CAC) des Nations La tasa bruta de matricula de mujeres en la escuela Unies. Le taux brut de scolarisation primaire feminine primaria es el porcentaje de ninas matriculadas en ese est le pourcentage des filles inscrites a l'cole primaire. nivel de ensenianza. Los datos sobre la matricula Measures in this section are not intended to be Les donnees sur les effectifs scolarises proviennent de provienen de la UNESCO. Las estimaciones de las definitive indicators of natural resource wealth, l'UNESCO. Les estimations de la part des femmes dans mujeres en la poblaci6n activa provienen de la Oficina environmental health, or resource depletion. They have la population active emanent du Bureau international du Internacional del Trabajo. been chosen because they are available for many travail (BIT). countries and reflect general conditions of the .MFMIH-Ma environment. Data on water are based on estimates from the World Las mediciones que se presentan en esta secci6n no Resources Institute and cover domestic, industrial, and Les donnees pr6sentees dans cette section ne doivent pretenden ser indicadores definitivos de la riqueza en agricultural use. Water use includes nonrenewable water pas etre interpr6tees comme des indicateurs definitifs recursos naturales, la higiene ambiental o el agotamiento from aquifers and desalination plants and can therefore de la dotation en ressources naturelles, de la sante de de los recursos. Han sido seleccionadas porque se exceed total internal renewable resources. Available l'environnement ou de l'6puisement des ressources. dispone de ellas en relacion con muchos paises y reflejan 44 TECHNICAL NOTES freshwater resources refer to both internal renewable Elles ont ete choisies parce qu'elles sont connues pour ciertas condiciones generales del medio ambiente. resources and, where noted, river flows from other beaucoup de pays et qu'elles refletent 1'etat general de Los datos sobre el agua se basan en estimaciones del countries. 1'environnement. Instituto de Recursos Mundiales y se refieren al uso Data on forests are from the Food and Agriculture Les donnees sur l'eau reposent sur des estimations residencial, industrial y agricola de este elemento. El uso Organization. Definitions of forest area vary among de l'Institut des ressources mondiales (WRI) et couvrent del agua incluye el agua no renovable de los acuiferos y la countries, and assessing annual changes in forest cover les usages domestiques, industriels et agricoles. Le proveniente de las plantas de desalinizaci6n del agua de is difficult. volume total d'eau consommee comprend les mar y, por lo tanto, las cifras pueden ser mayores que las Energy data are from the International Energy Agency ressources non renouvelables provenant des nappes del total de recursos renovables internos. Los recursos de and refer to commercial forms of energy. Traditional aquiferes et des usines de dessalement et peut donc agua dulce disponibles comprenden tanto los recursos fuels, although important in some developing depasser le total des ressources interieures internos renovables como, cuando asi se consigna, los economies, are not included in these estimates. Gross renouvelables. Les donnees sur les ressources en eau rlos que nacen en otros paises. domestic product (GDP, in 1987 U.S. dollars) per douce incluent a la fois les ressources renouvelables Los datos sobre los bosques provienen de la kilogram of oil equivalent is an indicator of energy internes et, la oO cela est precise, le debit des cours Organizaci6n de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y efficiency. d'eau provenant d'autres pays. Ia Alimentaci6n. Las definiciones de lo que constituye una Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from Les donnees sur les forets proviennent de zona forestal varian de un pals a otro y es dificil evaluar the burning of fossil fuels in industrial processes and l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et los cambios anuales en la cubierta forestal. the manufacture of cement. Data on emissions are l'agriculture (FAO). La d6finition des zones boisees varie Los datos sobre la energia provienen del Organismo based on several sources, as reported by the World selon les pays, et il est difficile dc'valuer avec precision Internacional de Energia y se refieren a las formas de Resources Institute. les variations annuelles du couvert forestier. esta que estan disponibles en el mercado. En las Les donnees sur l'energie proviennent de l'Agence estimaciones no se toman en cuenta los combustibles internationale de l'energie (AIE) et concernent les tradicionales, aunque revisten importancia en algunos formes commerciales d'energie. Malgre le role paises en desarrollo. El PIB (en d6lares estadounidenses Data in this section are drawn from the national considerable qu'ils jouent dans l'conomie de certains de 1987) por kilogramo de equivalente en petr6leo es un accounts files of the World Bank and the OECD. pays en developpement, les combustibles traditionnels indicador de la eficiencia del uso de la energia. Gross national product (GNP) is a broad measure of ne sont pas pris en compte dans ces estimations. Le Las emisiones de di6xido de carbono comprenden las an economy's performance; it is the value of the final PIB (en dollars des Etats-Unis de 1987) par kilogramme procedentes de la quema de combustibles f6siles en los output of goods and services produced by the residents equivalent petrole fournit un indicateur du rendement procesos industriales y la fabricaci6n de cemento. Los of an economy. U.S. dollar values are obtained from energetique. datos sobre las emisiones se basan en varias fuentes domestic currencies using a three-year weighted average Les emissions de dioxyde de carbone prises en senaladas por el Instituto de Recursos Mundiales. official exchange rate (the Atlas method). For the few compte sont celles produites par les combustibles countries where the official exchange rate does not fossiles utilises dans les procedes industriels et ia reflect the effective rate applied to foreign transactions, fabrication de ciment. Les donnees sur ces emissions an alternative conversion factor is applied. The GNP per font appel a plusieurs sources, recensees par l'Institut Los datos que se presentan en esta secci6n provienen de capita growth rate is calculated from constant price data des ressources mondiales. los archivos de cuentas nacionales del Banco Mundial y la in the local currency, using the least-squares method. OCDE. GNP per capita in international dollars is converted at El producto nacional bruto (PNB) es una medida amplia purchasing power parity (PPP) rates. PPP is defined as del desempeho de la economia de un pais; representa el the number of units of a country's currency required to Les donnees figurant dans cette section sont tirees des valor total de los bienes y servicios producidos por los buy the same amounts of goods and services in the dossiers de la Banque mondiale et de I'OCDE sur les residentes de un pais. Los valores en d6lares de EE.UU. domestic market as US$1 would buy in the United comptes nationaux. se obtienen a partir de las monedas nacionales aplicando States. The 1995 data are extrapolations from earlier Le produit national brut (PNB) est une mesure un tipo de cambio oficial medio ponderado estimates or are based on regression estimates. d'ensemble de la performance economique d'un pays; il correspondiente a tres anos (el metodo del Atlas). En el 45 TECHNICAL NOTES Inflation is measured by the overall price change for represente la valeur de la production finale de biens et caso de los pocos paises en que el tipo de cambio oficial all goods and services included in GDP. Inflation rates services assuree par ies residents du pays. Les valeurs no refleja el tipo real aplicado a las transacciones are calculated using the least-squares method. Shares en dollars des Etats-Unis sont obtenues par conversion externas, se aplica otro factor de conversi6n. La tasa de of agriculture, trade, and investment in GDP are de la valeur en monnaie nationale sur la base d'un taux crecimiento del PNB per capita se calcula a partir de presented to give a broad view of the structure of the de change officiel moyen pondere sur trois ans (la datos en precios constantes en la moneda nacional economy. mnnthodologie de l'Atlas). Pour les quelques pays oO le utilizando el metodo de los minimos cuadrados. Aid data cover net concessional flows to developing taux de change officiel ne correspond pas au taux de El PNB per capita en d6lares internacionales se countries from members of the Development Assistance change effectif applique aux transactions avec convierte en funci6n de la paridad de poder adquisitivo Committee of the OECD and from multilateral l'etranger, on utilise un autre facteur de conversion. Le (PPA). La PPAse define como el numero de unidades de la development agencies. taux de croissance du PNB par habitant est calcule a moneda de un pais que se necesita para comprar la partir de donnees exprim6es en prix constants dans la misma cantidad de bienes y servicios en el mercado monnaie nationale, par la methode des moindres carres. nacional que se podria comprar con un d6lar en Estados Le PNB par habitant en dollars internationaux est Unidos. Los datos correspondientes a 1995 son The data in this section are drawn from the World Bank, obtenu par conversion sur la base de la parite des extrapolaciones de estimaciones anteriores, o bien se the International Monetary Fund, the International Energy pouvoirs d'achat (PPA). La PPAest definie comme le basan en estimaciones de regresi6n. Agency, the International Telecommunication Union, and nombre d'unites de la monnaie d'un pays necessaire Se incluyen las proporciones que representan la United Nations specialized agencies. pour acheter sur le marche interieur la meme quantite agricultura, el comercio exterior y la inversi6n en el Private investment, outlays by the private sector on de biens et services qu'un dollar permettrait d'acheter producto interno bruto (PIB) a fin de presentar un cuadro additions to fixed assets, is often estimated as a aux Etats-Unis. Les chiffres de 1995 ont ete calcules completo de la estructura econ6mica. La inflaci6n residual of gross domestic investment less consolidated par extrapolation a partir d'estimations anterieures ou corresponde a las variaciones globales de los precios de public investment. Net private capital flows include net par analyse de regression. todos los bienes y servicios incluidos en el PIB. Las tasas private debt (such as commercial bank lending) and La part de l'agriculture, du commerce exterieur et de de crecimiento de la inflaci6n se han calculado utilizando nondebt flows (such as net foreign direct and portfolio l'investissement dans le produit interieur brut (PIB) est el metodo de los minimos cuadrados. equity investment) from abroad. Foreign direct indiquee pour donner une idee generale de la structure Los datos sobre la asistencia comprenden los flujos investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a de l'economie du pays. L'inflation est mesuree en netos de recursos en condiciones concesionarias de los lasting management interest in an enterprise operating termes de variation de 1'ensemble des prix de tous les paises miembros del Comite de Asistencia para el in an economy other than that of the investor. Domestic biens et services pris en compte dans le PIB. Le taux Desarrollo de la OCDEy de organismos multilaterales de credit to the private sector is the financial resources d'inflation est calcule a l'aide de la methode des desarrollo hacia los paises en desarrollo. provided to the private sector that establish a claim for moindres carres. repayment. Money and quasi money is the sum of Les donnees sur I'aide prennent en compte les currency outside banks and demand deposits other than apports concessionnels nets aux pays en those of the central government, plus the time, savings, developpement emanant des pays membres du Comite Los datos que se presentan en esta secci6n provienen del and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other d'aide au developpement de I'OCDE et des organismes Banco Mundial, el Fondo Monetario Internacional, el than the central government. Mean tariff shows the d'aide multilaterale au developpement. Organismo Internacional de Energia, la Union Internacional average applied tariff rates imposed by countries before de Telecomunicaciones y los organismos especializados the conclusion of the Uruguay Round. Central ! . de las Naciones Unidas. government current revenue includes all current revenue La inversi6n privada, es decir, los gastos del sector from taxes and nonrepayable receipts, excluding grants. Les donnees figurant dans cette section emanent de la privado en concepto de adiciones a los activos fijos, a An economy's electricity production is a basic Banque mondiale, du Fonds monetaire international, de menudo se calcula como el residuo de la inversi6n interna indicator of its size and level of development. In some l'Agence internationale pour 1'energie, de l'Union bruta menos la inversi6n pOblica consolidada. Los flujos countries self-generation by households and small internationale des telecommunications et d'agences netos de capital privado comprenden la deuda privada enterprises can be substantial; although adjustments specialisees des Nations Unies. neta (como el financiamiento de los bancos comerciales) y 46 TECHNICAL NOTES are made for this, some production may not be included. L'investissement prive, c'est-a-dire les depenses du los flujos del exterior no relacionados con la deuda (como Telephone mainlines per thousand people provide a secteur prive pour la formation de capital fixe, est la inversi6n extranjera directa y las inversiones de measure of telephone density. souvent estime par difference entre l'investissement cartera, ambas en cifras netas). La inversi6n extranjera interieur brut et l'investissement du secteur public directa es la afluencia neta de inversi6n con el fin de Note consolide. Les apports nets de capitaux prives ejercer control, en forma prolongada, en la gesti6n de una comprennent l'endettement prive net (prets des empresa que desarrolla actividades en un pais distinto Data are shown for economies as they were constituted banques commerciales, par exemple) et les flux non del pais del inversionista. El credito interno al sector in 1995, and historical data are revised to reflect generateurs d'endettement (investissement direct privado son los recursos financieros proporcionados a current political arrangements. Throughout the tables, etranger net et investissement de portefeuille) en dicho sector que establecen un derecho a reembolso. El exceptions are noted. provenance de l'etranger. L'investissement direct dinero y el cuasidinero es la suma de la moneda fuera de Data for China do not include Taiwan, China. etranger correspond aux apports nets de capitaux los bancos y los dep6sitos a la vista distintos de los del Data are shown whenever possible for the individual destines a I'acquisition d'un interet durable dans la gobierno central, mas los dep6sitos a plazo, de ahorros y countries formed from the former Czechoslovakia-the direction d'une entreprise operant dans un pays autre de divisas de los sectores residentes distintos de los del Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. que celui de l'investisseur. On entend par credit gobierno central. Los aranceles medios indican las tasas Data shown for Germany refer to the unified Germany, interieur au secteur prive les ressources financieres arancelarias medias impuestas por los paises antes de la unless otherwise noted. fournies au secteur prive qui donnent naissance a une conclusi6n de la Ronda Uruguay. Los ingresos corrientes Data shown for Jordan refer to the East Bank only, creance. L'expression monnaie et quasi monnaie del gobierno central comprenden todos los ingresos unless otherwise noted. designe la somme de la circulation fiduciaire hors tributarios corrientes y las entradas que no son In 1991 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was banques et des depots a vue a 1'exception de ceux de reembolsables, sin incluir las donaciones. formally dissolved into 15 countries (Armenia, I'administration centrale, plus les depots a terme et La producci6n de electricidad de la economia de un Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyz d'epargne et les depots en devises des secteurs, pals es un indicador basico del tamaio y nivel de Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, residents autres que ceux de I'administration centrale. desarrollo de esta 6ltima. En algunos paises la Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan). Cette definition correspond a la ligne 351 des autogeneraci6n por las unidades familiares y las Whenever possible, data are shown for the individual Statistiques financieres internationales publiees par le empresas pequenias puede ser apreciable; a pesar de countries. Fonds monetaire international. Les tarifs douaniers los ajustes efectuados para tener en cuenta este aspecto, Whenever possible, data are shown for the individual moyens indiquent les taux de droit moyens appliques en algunos casos tal vez no se incluya una parte de la countries formed from the former Yugoslavia-Bosnia par les pays avant la conclusion de l'Uruguay Round. producci6n. El numero de lineas telef6nicas principales and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic Les recettes ordinaires de l'Etat comprennent toutes les por cada 1.000 personas indica la densidad de telefonos. of Macedonia, Slovenia, and the Federal Republic of recettes courantes d'impot et les rentrees non Yugoslavia. All references to the Federal Republic of remboursables (hors dons). Nota Yugoslavia in the tables are to the Federal Republic of La production d'electricite d'un pays est un Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro). indicateur de base de la dimension de son economie et Los datos presentados corresponden a los paises segun de son niveau de developpement. Dans certains pays, estos estaban constituidos en 1995, y los datos I'autoproduction des menages et des petites entreprises hist6ricos han sido corregidos para indicar los sistemas peut etre considerable; bien qu'il en soit tenu compte politicos vigentes. Las excepciones se indican en los dans les calculs, il se peut qu'une partie de cette cuadros, segOn corresponda. production ne soit pas refletee dans les chiffres fournis En los datos sobre China no se incluye a Taiwan, ici. Le nombre de lignes telephoniques principales pour China. 1 000 habitants mesure la densite de I'equipement En la medida de lo posible, se presentan datos por t6lephonique. separado de los paises que surgieron de la ex Checoslovaquia, a saber, la Republica Checa y la Republica Eslovaca. 47 TECHNICAL NOTES Note Los datos correspondientes a Alemania se refieren a la Alemania unificada, a menos que se indique otra Les donnees se referent aux pays tels qu'ils existaient cosa. en 1995, et les series secteurs residents historiques Los datos relativos a Jordania se refieren a la Ribera ont ete modifiees de maniere a correspondre aux Oriental solamente, a menos que se senale otra cosa. frontieres politiques actuelles. Les eventuelles En 1991, la Uni6n de Republicas Socialistas exceptions sont indiquees en regard de chaque tableau. Sovieticas se dividio oficialmente en 15 palses Les donnees sur la Chine n'incluent pas les chiffres (Armenia, Azerbaiyan, Belarus, Estonia, Federaci6n de relatifs a Taiwan, Chine. Rusia, Georgia, Kazakstan, Letonia, Lituania, Moldova, Figurent, partout ou cela a ete possible, des donnees Republica Kirguisa, Tayikistan, Turkmenistan, Ucrania y relatives aux deux pays issus de l'ex-Tchecoslovaquie Uzbekistan). En la medida de lo posible, se presentan -la Republique tcheque et la Republique slovaque. datos por separado para cada pals. Les donnees sur l'Allemagne se referent a Lo propio se ha hecho para los paises surgidos de la l'Allemagne unifiee, sauf mention contraire. ex Yugoslavia: Bosnia y Herzegovina, Croacia, la ex Les donn6es relatives a la Jordanie se referent Republica Yugoslava de Macedonia, Eslovenia y la uniquement a la Rive orientale du Jourdain, sauf mention Repiublica Federativa de Yugoslavia. Todas las contraire. referencias a este ultimo pals en los cuadros En 1991, l'Union des Republiques socialistes corresponden a la Republica Federativa de Yugoslavia sovietiques s'est officiellement scindee en 15 pays (Serbia/Montenegro). (Armenie, Azerbaidjan, B6larus, Estonie, Federation de Russie, Georgie, Kazakstan, Lettonie, Lituanie, Moldova, Ouzbekistan, Republique kirghize, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan et Ukraine). On a indique, dans la mesure du possible, des donnees pour chaque pays. Sont incluses, partout ou cela a ete possible, des donnees pour chacun des pays issus de l'ex-Yougoslavie - Bosnie-Herzegovine, Croatie, ex-Republique yougoslave de Macedoine, Slovenie et Republique federative de Yougoslavie. Chaque fois qu'il est fait mention de la Republique federative de Yougoslavie dans les tableaux, if s'agit de la Republique federative de Yougoslavie (Serbie/Montenegro). 48 Telephone: 202-477-1234 Facsimile: 202-477 6391 Tefex-Mf 6414- WORfL- i-NWo- MCI 248423 WORLDBANK Cable address: INTBAFRAD WASHINGTONDC World Wide Web: http://www.worldbank.org Email: books@worldbank.org FrmteWol eeopetIdcaos19 From*teWol s DetIi