103332 POLIC IES F OR jrefrmhpGrf;tifjr§ifhwifjcif; SH AR E D P R O SP ER ITY IN YANM ARM ALL ABOARD Policies for shared prosperity in Myanmar This Policy Note was prepared by: Dejan Ostojic (Team Leader and Lead Energy Specialist); Rome Chavapricha (Senior Energy Specialist); Xiaoping Wang (Senior Energy Specialist); Alan David Lee (Energy Specialist) and Myoe Myint (Energy Specialist) under the guidance of Julia Fraser (Practice Manager, Energy) ALL ABOARD Policies for shared prosperity in Myanmar jrefrmhpGrf;tifjr§ifhwifjcif; vlwdkif;twGufpGrf;tif jrefrmhpGrf;tifjr§ifhwifjcif; ​jref​rm​Edkif​iH​wGif ​pGrf;​tif​&​&Sd​oHk;​pGJ​rI​rsm;​udk ​wpf​OD;​csif;​pGrf;​tif​oHk;​pGJ​rI ​u​rÇmht​edrfh​qHk;​t​ajc​t​ae​rS ​xl;​jcm;​wdk;​wuf​vm​ atmif ​vkyf​aqmif​Edkif​rnfh ​t​cGifh​t​vrf;​rsm;​pGm​&Sd​ae​onf/ ​jref​rmh​vl​OD;​a& ​oHk;​yHk​ESpf​yHk​rSm ​Edkif​iH​awmf​"mwf​tm;​p​epf​ESifh​ csdwf​quf​xm;​jcif;​r​&Sd​yJ ​aus;​vuf​ae​tdrf​axmif​pk 84 ​&m​cdkif​EIef;​onf ​vQyf​ppf​rD; ​r​&​&Sd​Mu​ao;​yg/ ​aps;​EIef;​rQw​NyD;​,Hk​ Munf​tm;​xm;​Edkif​aom ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm; ​r​&​&Sd​jcif;​u ​t​"du​us​onfh ​0ef​aqmif​rI​rsm; (​O​y​rm- ​aus;​vuf​ae​ol​rsm;​t​ wGuf ​usef;​rm​a&;? ​y​nm​a&;​ESifh ​aiG​a&;​aMu;​a&;​ud​pö​rsm;? ​yk​*¾​vd​u​u​@ ​wdk;​wuf​a&;​ESifh ​t​vkyf​t​udkif​rsm;) ​us,f​us,f​ jyefY​jyefY ​zef​wD;​ay;​jcif;​wdkY​t​ay: ​t​"d​u ​t​[efY​t​wm;​wpf​&yf​jzpf​ap​onf/ ​xdkY​enf;​wl ​csuf​jyKwf​a&;​t​wGuf ​acwf​rD​ avmif​pm​rsm; (​O​y​rm- ​a&​eH​"mwf​aiGU​&nf {Liquefied Petroleum Gas – LPG}) ​onf ​NrdKU​jy​a'​o​rsm;​ü​om ​&​&Sd​Edkif​onf/​ t​usdK;​quf​t​jzpf ​o​rm;​½dk;​us ​ZD​0avmif​pm (​xif;​ESifh ​wd​&d​pämef​pGefY​ypf​y​pönf;) ​udk​om ​us,f​jyefY​pGm ​t​oHk;​jyK​ae​NyD;​ t​ajc​cH​pGrf;​tif​oHk;​pGJ​rI​\ 70 ​&m​cdkif​EIef;​rQ​&Sd​ae​onf/ ​t​pdk;​&​\ ​t​rsdK;​om;​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​a&;​pD​rH​csuf​u 2030 ​ck​ ESpf​wGif ​vl​aygif; 36 ​oef; ​vQyf​ppf​rD; ​&​&Sd​&ef​ESifh ​tdrf​axmif​pk (7) ​oef;​ausmf​udk ​vQyf​ppf​rD;​ay;​&ef ​&nf​&G,f​xm;​onf/​ þ (​uk​v​o​r​*¾​u ​owf​rSwf​xm;​aom ​pOf​quf​r​jywf ​zGHU​NzdK;​wdk;​wuf​a&; ​&nf​rSef;​csuf​t​rSwf 7 ​vnf; ​jzpf​onfh)​ &nf​&G,f​csuf​udk ​atmif​jrif​&​&Sd​atmif​aqmif​&Guf​jcif;​onf ​qif;​&J​rGJ​aw​rI​avsmh​cs​&ef​ESifh ​rQa0​ydkif​qdkif​onfh ​om​,m​0ajym​rI​ azmf​aqmif​&ef ​wdkY​t​wGuf ​t​"d​u​us​vSa​y​onf/ ​jyK​jyif​ajymif;​vJ​a&;​t​wGuf ​t​ajc​t​ae​rsm;​ESifh ​t​cGifh​t​vrf;​rsm; ​jref​rm​Edkif​iH​\​vQyf​ppf​pGrf;​tm;​u​@​wGif ​aps;​EIef;​rQ​w​um​ ,Hk​Munf​tm;​xm;​Edkif​NyD; ​a&​&Snf​wnf​wHh​rnfh ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​ tm; ​wdk;​wuf​&​&Sd​atmif ​aqmif​&Guf​Edkif​aom ​t​cGifh​t​vrf;​ ay:​ayguf​ae​yg​onf/ 2013 ​ck​ESpf​wGif ​jref​rm​Edkif​iH ​vQyf​ppf​ jzefY​jzL;​a&;​vkyf​ief;​rsm;​rS ​tdrf​t​vHk;​aygif; 2 ​odef;​cefY​udk​ "mwf​tm;​p​epf​ESifh ​csdwf​quf​ay;​cJh​onf/ ​þ​EIef;​jzifh​oGm;​ yg​u ​vuf​&Sd​vQyf​ppf​rD;​r​&Sd​onfh ​tdrf​axmif​pk​aygif; 7.2​ oef;​udk ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​p​epf​ESifh ​csdwf​quf​ay;​í ​vl​wdkif;​ aps;​EIef;​rsS​w​NyD; ​,Hk​Munf​tm;​xm;​Edkif​aom​vQyf​ppf​rD;​&​&Sd​ap​ &ef ​t​ESpf 40 ​rQ ​Mum​ay​vdrfh​rnf/ ​t​rsdK;​om;​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​ wGif ​wpf​ESpf​vQif ​tdrf​axmif​pk 5 ​odef;​t​xd ​wdk;jr§ifh​csdwf​ tm;​&​&Sd​a&;​pD​rH​csuf (National Electrification Plan –NEP)​ quf ​oGm;​&​rnf​jzpf​NyD; ​t​edrfh​qHk;​þ​EIef;​t​wdkif; ​aemuf​ t​wdkif; 2030 ​ck​ESpf​wGif ​vl​wdkif;​vQyf​ppf​rD; ​&​&Sd​Edkif​ap​a&;​ xyf 10 ​ESpf​rQ quf​vuf​vkyf​aqmif​&​ay​vdrfh​rnf/ t​wGuf ​rD;​vdkif;​csdwf​quf​rI​EIef;​udk 2020 ​ck​ESpf​t​a&muf​ 1 ​ Qyf​ppf​pGrf;​tm;​u​@​wGif ​&if;​ESD;jr§yf​ESH​rI​rsm; ​ESpf​q​ausmf​ v ​pGrf;​tif​u​@​wGif ​&if;​ESD;jr§yf​ESH​a&; ​t​[efY​t​wm;​rsm;? wdk;​&ef ​vdk​tyf​onf/ ​t​rsdK;​om;​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​a&;​ ​pGrf;​tif​acRwm​a&;​ESifh ​xkwfvkyf​rI​pGrf;​tm; ​wdk;`rSifh​a&;​t​ pD​rH​csuf (National Electrification Plan –NEP) ​wGif​yg​0if​ wGuf​pdwf​0if​pm;​rI​enf;​yg;​jcif;​wdkY​udk ​ausmf​vTm;Edkif​&ef ​xkwf​ rnfh ​"mwf​tm;​xkwf​vkyf​a&;? ​ydkY​vTwf​a&;​ESifh ​jzefY​jzL;​a&;​ vkyf​rI​ukef​us​p​&dwf​xuf ​edrfh​ae​aom ​"mwf​tm;​c​aps;​EIef;​ qdkif​&m​u​@​rsm;​wGif ​t​em​*wf​"mwf​tm;​vdk​tyf​csuf​jznfh​ rsm;​udk ​jyef​vnf​oHk;​oyf​oifh​onf/ ​vGef​cJh​onfh ​q,f​pk​ESpf​ qnf;​Edkif​&ef ​vdk​tyf​onfh ​&if;​ESD;jr§yfESH​rI ​pk​pk​aygif;​onf rsm;​pGm​t​wGif; ​pGrf;​tif​t​ajc​cH​t​aqmuf​t​tHk​rsm;​t​ay:​ ​vm​rnfh 15 ​ESpf​t​wGif;​ü ​t​ar​&d​uef​a':​vm 10 ​bD​vD​,H &if;​ESD;jr§yf​ESH​rI ​awmuf​avQmuf ​enf;​yg;​cJh​jcif;​u ​pGrf;​tif​ ​&Sd​rnf​[k ​cefY​rSef;​xm;​onf/ ​þ​ESpf​um​v​t​wGif; ​jynf​wGif; r​vHk​avmuf​rI​rsm;​ESifh ​pGrf;​tif​u​@​t​ay: ​,Hk​Munf​pdwf​cs​ ​xkwf​ukef​wdk;​wuf​EIef; (GDP Growth Rate) ​ysrf;​rQtm;​jzifh tm;​xm;​rI​rsm; ​avsmh​enf;​vm​ap​cJh​NyD; ​t​usdK;​quf​tm;​jzifh wpf​ESpf​vQif 7.1 ​&m​cdkif​EIef;​&Sd​rnf​[k ​,l​q​yg​u? w​&Sdef​xdk;​ pD;​yGm;​a&;​zGHU​NzdK;​wdk;​wuf​rI​aES;​auG;​um ​usef;​rm​a&;​ wdk;​wuf​vm​rnfh​"mwf​tm;​vdk​tyf​csuf​rsm;​udk ​jznfh​qnf;​ apmifh​a&Smuf​rI​ESifh ​y​nm​a&;​t​yg​t​0if ​vl​rI​a&;​0ef​aqmif​rI​ Edkif​&ef​t​wGuf ​"mwf​tm;​xkwf​vkyf​a&; ​t​ydkif;​ü t​ar​&d​uef rsm;​udk ​tm;​enf;​ap​cJh​onf/ ​xdkY​aMumifh ​pGrf;​tif​aps;​EIef;​udk​ ​a':​vm 20 ​bD​vD​,H​rQ​xyf​rH​&if;​ESD;jr§yf​ESH​&ef vdk​tyf cdkif​rm​rQw​pGm​owf​rSwf​onfh​rl​0g​'onf ​pGrf;​tif​u​@​\​ ​ay​vdrfh​rnf/ ​xdk​pD​rH​udef;​BuD;​rsm;​t​aumif​t​xnf​ay:​vm​ aiG​aMu;​qdkif​&m ​&Sif​oef​&yf​wnf​Edkif​pGrf;​t​wGuf ​t​ajc​cH​ NyD;aiG​aMu;​&if;​ESD;​jr§yfESH​rI​rsm;(​wpf​ESpf​vQif ​t​ar​&d​uef tkwf​jrpf​aumif;​wpf​&yf​jzpf​&Hk​om​r​u​yJ ​pD;​yGm;​a&;? ​vl​rI​a&;​ a':​vm 2 ​bD​vD​,H​EIef;​jzifh) ​pD;​0if​vm​ap​a&;​t​wGuf ​t​"du​ ydk​rdk​us,f​jyefY​wdk;​wuf​vm​a&;​t​wGuf​vnf;​t​axmuf​t​ul pdef​ac:​rI​wpf​&yf​rSm ​vQyf​ppf​pGrf;​tm;​u​@​\​aiG​aMu;​qdkif​&m ​wpf​&yf ​jzpf​ap​onf/ ​cdkif​rm​&Sif​oef​rI (​wGuf​ajc​udkuf​rI) ​jzpf​NyD; ​þ​ud​pö​onf​ vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​c​aps;​EIef; ​owf​rSwf​onfh​t​ay: ​rsm;​pGm​ rl​wnf​ae​onf/ 2 pGrf;​tif​u​@​\​b​@m​a&;​&Sif​oef​&yf​wnf​Edkif​pGrf;​jrifh​rm; ​jynf​olY​b​@m​t​&if;​t​jrpf​rsm; - ​t​pdk;​&​xnfh​0if​aiG​ESifh​ ​í ​pOf​quf​r​jywf​wdk;​wuf​ae​ap​&ef​t​wGuf ​yGifh​vif; t​vª​&Sif ​t​axmuf​t​yHh - ​wdkY​onf ​vQyf​ppf ​u​@​\ ​jrif​om​rI ​&Sd​NyD; ​w​o​rwf​wnf;​t​ajymif;​t​vJ​r​&Sd​wnf​ ​b​@m​a&;​&if;​ESD;jr§yf​ESH​rI​vdk​tyf​csuf​tm;​vHk;​udk ​jznfh​qnf;​ Nidrf​onfh ​pGrf;​tif​aps;​EIef;​rl​0g​' ​wpf​&yf​vdk​tyf​onf/ Edkif​rnf​r​[kwf​yg/ ​xdkY​aMumifh ​yk​*¾​vd​u ​u​@​\ ​yl;​aygif;​ ​pGrf;​tif​aps;​EIef;​rl​0g​'​\​t​ajc​cH​t​us​qHk; ​t​"d​u​ed​,m​r​rSm​ yg​0if​aqmif​&Guf​r​w I dk;​wuf​rsm;​jym;​vm​&ef​t​a&;​BuD;​vdk​tyf​ o​bm​0"mwf​aiGU​ESifh ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​wdkY​\ ​xkwf​vkyf​ o​uJh​odkY ​vQyf​ppf​u​@​\ ​pGrf;​aqmif​&nf ​jrifh​rm;​vm​&ef​ rI​ukef​us​p​&dwf​rsm;​udk ​t​jynfh​t​0​um​rd​ap​a&;​jzpf​onf/ vnf; ​vdk​tyf​yg​onf/ ​jref​rm​Edkif​iH​onf ​t​pdk;​& ​yk​*¾​vd​u ​þ​odkY​aqmif​&Guf​&m​wGif ​o​bm​0"mwf​aiGU? ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​ ​yl;​aygif;​aqmif​&Guf​rI​rsm; (Public Private Partnerships tm;​ay;​jcif;​\ ​t​&if;​cH​xkwf​vkyf​rI ​ukef​us​p​&dwf​rsm;​ - PPPs)? ​pGrf;​tif​u​@​ü ​yk​*¾​vd​u ​wdkuf​½dkuf​&if;​ESD;jr§yf​ESH​ t​ay: ​oHk;​oyf​rI​udk ​yHk​rSef​jyK​vkyf​jcif;​ESifh ​pGrf;​tif? rI​rsm; ​O​y​rm - ​yk​*¾​vd​u​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​xkwf​vkyf​ol​rsm; ​"mwf​tm;​c​EIef;​xm;​rsm;​udk ​yGifh​vif;​jrif​om​pGm​csdef​nd§​&m​ü (Independent Power Producers - IPPs) ​ESifh​pyf​vsOf;​ ​t​jcm;​rl​0g​'​a&;​&m ​&nf​&G,f​csuf​rsm;- ​O​y​rm- ​qif;​&J​om;​ onfh ​t​awGU​t​BuHK​aumif;​rsm; ​&​&Sd​xm;​NyD;​jzpf​onf/​ rsm;​ESifh ​xd​&S​vG,f​aom ​pm;​oHk;​ol​rsm;​tm; ​um​uG,f​apmifh​ a&SU​vkyf​ief;​pOf​rsm;​t​wGuf ​rl​0g​'​cs​rSwf​ol​rsm;​t​ae​jzifh ​rd​rd​ a&Smuf​jcif;​wdkY​udk ​xnfh​oGif;​pOf;​pm;​&ef ​vdk​tyf​ay​onf/ ​þ​ t​awGU​t​BuHK​rsm;​t​ay: ​oHk;​oyf​qif​jcif​oifh​NyD;? ​t​jcm; &nf​rSef;​csuf​rsm; ​jynfh​rD​atmif​jrif​ap​&ef ​aqmif​&Guf​&m​wGif​ ​Edkif​iH​rsm;​\ ​vQyf​ppf​u​@​zGHU​NzdK;​wdk;​wuf​rI​wGif ​yk​*¾​vd​u​ pm;​oHk;​ol​rsm;​udk (​wdkuf​½dkuf ​odkY​r​[kwf ​oG,f​0dkuf) ​aiG​aMu;​ t​cef;​u​@ ​wdk;jr§ifh​yg​0if​atmif ​rnf​odkY​aqmif​&Guf​ae​ axmuf​yHh​rI​ay;​&ef ​vdk​tyf​yg​u ​xdk​axmuf​yHh​rI​\​&nf​&G,f​ onf​rsm;​udk ​avh​vm​oifh​onf/ PPP ​ESifh IPP ​yHk​pH​ESpf​rsdK;​ &if;​udk ​&Sif;​vif;​pGm​azmf​jy​NyD; ​t​pdk;​&​t​wGuf ​0ef​xkyf​0ef​ydk;​ vHk;​onf ​jref​rm​Edkif​iH​\​vuf​&Sd​t​ajc​t​ae​ESifh ​oifh​avsmf​ r​jzpf​onfh ​&ef​yHk​aiG ​t​vHk​t​avmuf​xm;​&Sd​&​rnf/ ae​onf​rSm ​xif​&Sm;​vS​onf/ PPP (​yk​*¾​vd​u ​ESifh ​t​pdk;​& ​zuf​pyf​ydkif​qdkif​onfh) ​yHk​pH​onf ​vQyf​ppf​u​@​BuD;​wpf​ck​vHk;​ ü ​t​oHk;​wnfh​Edkif​NyD;? IPP (​yk​*¾​vd​uvGwf​vyf​pGm ​pD​rH​udef;​rsm; azmf​aqmif​ol​u ​t​pdk;​&​ydkif​t​zGJU​t​pnf;​ESifh ​t​pdk;​&​tm​r​cH​ csuf​rsm;​jzifh ​ausm​axmuf​aemuf​cH​jyK​xm;​onfh ​pD;​yGm;​a&;​ 3 o​abm​wl​nD​csuf​pm​csKyf​wpf​&yf ​csKyf​qdk​aqmif​&Guf​jcif;) ​ ​[m​AsL​[m​pD​rH​csuf​rsm;​a&;​qGJ​um ​pGrf;​tif​t​rsdK;​t​pm;​ r ​yHk​pH​onf ​vQyf​ppf"mwf​tm;​xkwf​vkyf​a&;​pD​rH​udef;​rsm;​ü ​ydk​rdk​ tm;​vHk;​udk ​t​ao;​pdwf ​p​epf​w​us ​avh​vm​qef;​ppf​rI​u​ oifh​avsmf​vdrfh​rnf/ BuD;​rm;​í​a&​&Snf​wnf​wHh​ap​rnfh ​pD;​yGm;​a&;? ​ywf​0ef;​usif​ ESifh ​vl​rI​a&;​qdkif​&m ​aumif;​usdK;​ouf​a&muf​rI​rsm;​udk ​t​ul​ pGrf;​tif​u​@​zGH​NzdK;​wdk;​wuf​rI​\​t​aESmifh​t​,Suf​t​usyf​ t​nD​jzpf​ap​onf/ ​jref​rm​Edkif​iH​wGif ​o​bm​0​"mwf​aiGU?​ t​wnf;​rsm;​udk​z,f​&Sm;​NyD; ​qHk;​jzwf​csuf​rsm; ​cs​rSwf​&m​wGif a&​tm;? ​ae​pGrf;​tif​ESifh ​t​jcm;​jyef​vnf​jynfh​NzdK;​jrJ​pGrf;​tif​ ​ydk​rdk​jref​qef​vm​ap​a&;​t​wGuf ​vuf​&Sd ​t​pdwf​pdwf​ t​yg​t​0if ​pGrf;​tif​t​&if;​t​jrpf​rsm; ​ayg​rsm;​~uG,f​0onf/​ uGJ​jym;​ae​onfh ​t​zGJU​t​pnf;​rsm;? ​BuD;​Muyf ​xdef;​uGyf​onfh​ jref​rm​Edkif​iH​onf ​o​bm​0​"mwf​aiGU​ESifh ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​udk O​y​a'rl​abmif​rsm;? ​t​zGJU​t​pnf;​rsm;​\ ​pGrf;​aqmif​&nf ​a'o​wGif;​ul;​oef;​z​vS,f​a&mif;​0,f​&ef ​t​csuf​t​csm​us​ ​edrfh​yg;​ae​rI​rsm;​udk ​xd​rd​atmif ​ajz​&Sif;​aqmif​&Guf​jcif;​jzifh​ onfh​ae​&m​wGif ​wnf​&Sd​onf/ ​xdk​t​vm;​t​vm​aumif;​rsm;​ ul​nD​aqmif​&Guf​oifh​onf/ ​0ef​BuD;​Xm​e 7 ​Xm​e​rS ​pGrf;​tif​u​ udk ​pD;​yGm;​a&;​t​& ​t​usdK;​&Sd​atmif? ​ywf​0ef;​usif​ESifh ​vl​rI​a&;​ @​qdkif​&m​ud​pö​&yf​rsm;​udk ​wm​0ef​,l​t​aumif​t​xnf​azmf​ae​ qdkif​&m ​a&​&nf​aumif;​usdK;​jzpf​xGef;​ap​atmif ​zef​wD;​&m​wGif &m​wGif ​pGrf;​tif​0ef​BuD;​Xm​e​u ​yif​r​pGrf;​tif​rl​0g​'​t​wGuf​ pGrf;t ​ ift ​ & ​ j​ rpft ​ if;t ​ Hk;u ​ m;v ​ a ​ smp ​ Gmq ​ dk oc ​ ef;p ​ pfa ​ mN​ yD; ​ vhv OD;​aqmifwm​0ef​cH​t​ae​ESifh ​t​aumif​t​xnf​azmf​ae​NyD;​ wd​us​aom ​pD​rH​csuf​rsm;​cs​rSwf​um ​Edkif​iH​ESifh ​a'​o​cH vQyfppf​pGrf;​tm;​0ef​BuD;​Xm​e​u ​vQyf​ppf​pGrf;​tm;​u​@ ​zGHU​NzdK;​ ​vl​xk​t​wGuf ​t​aumif;​qHk; ​vl​rI​pD;​yGm;​a&;​qdkif​&m ​&​v'f​ rI​t​wGuf ​OD;​aqmif​um ​aqmif​&Guf​vsuf ​&Sd​onf/ ​0ef​BuD;​ rsm;​jzpf​ap​rnfh ​vrf;​aMumif;​udk ​zef​wD;​azmf​aqmif​&​rnf/​ Xm​e​rsm;​t​Mum; ​rl​0g​'cs​rSwf​rI? ​pnf;​rsOf;? ​pD​rH​csuf​ESifh a'​o​cH​vl​xk​t​ay:​wGif ​xd​cdkuf​rI​rsm;​ESifh ​pdk;​&drf​yl​yef​rI​rsm;​ ​BuD;​Muyf​ppf​aq;​rI​wdkY​t​wGuf ​wm​0ef​cH​rI​rsm; ​xyf​ae​o​jzifh​ jzpf​ay:​ap​cJh​aom ​pGrf;​tif​pD​rH​udef;​BuD;​rsm;​\ ​qdk;​&Gm;​aom​ pGrf;​tif​pD​rH​udef;​rsm;​udk ​wdkuf​½dkuf​t​aumif​t​xnf​azmf​ o​rdkif;​aMumif;​rsm;​vnf; ​&Sd​cJh​NyD;​jzpf​&m ​pGrf;​tif​u​@ ​zGHU​NzdK;​rI​ ae​aom ​Edkif​iH​ydkif​pD;​yGm;​a&;​vkyf​ief; 8 ​ck​\ ​vkyf​ief;​rsm;​udk pD​rH​csuf​rsm;​ESifh ​pD​rH​udef;​w​pfck​ck​odkY​&if;​ESD;jr§yfESH​&ef​jyif​qif ​t​[efY​t​wm; ​jzpf​ap​yg​onf/ ​xdkY​t​jyif ​0ef​xrf;​t​a&​ ​rI​rsm; aqmif​&Guf​&m​wGif ​yGifh​vif;​jrif​om​rI​&Sd​a&;​udk ​wdk;​jr§ifh​ t​wGuf ​t​enf;​i,f​udk​om ​pGrf;​tif​rl​0g​'? ​pD​rH​csuf? ​pnf;​rsOf;​ aqmif​&Guf​&ef ​ESifh ​vl​xk​yl;​aygif;​yg​0if​rI ​tm;​ay;​&ef ​vdk​tyf​ cs​rSwf​&ef​t​wGuf ​wm​0ef​ay; ​cefY​tyf​xm;​jcif;​onf ​t​zGJU​ yg​onf/ t​pnf;​qdkif​&m ​pGrf;​aqmif​&nf​wdk;​wuf​rI​t​wGuf ​qdk;​&Gm;​ aom ​t​uefY​t​owf​rsm; ​jzpf​ap​onf/ 4 ​vwfwavm zGUHNzdK;wkd;wufrIrsm; p ​ Grf;​tif​u​@​\ ​rl​0g​'​a&;​&m​ESifh ​Xm​e​t​oif; ​zGJU​pnf;​jcif;​ Commission - ERC) ​udk ​zGJU​pnf;​wnf​axmif​Edkif​&ef ​t​p​ysdK;​cJh qdkif​&m ​ud​pö​&yf​rsm; ​wdk;​wuf​ap​&ef ​jyK​jyif​ajymif;​vJ​a&; ​ g​onf/ ​quf​vuf​jy​|mef;​&​rnfh ​enf;​O​y​a'​ESifh ​vkyf​xHk;​ y ​vkyf​ief;​pOf​rsm;​udk ​p​wif​vkyf​aqmif​cJh​yg​onf/ nd§​EIdif; vkyf​enf; ​a&;​qGJ​rI​rsm; ​r​NyD;​pD;​ao;​yg/ ​vQyf​ppf​qdkif​&m ​wdkif​yif​aqmif​&Guf​um ​pGrf;​tif​rl​0g​' ​cs​rSwf​jcif;​"avh ​vkyf​ief;​BuD;​Muyf​rI ​aumf​r​&Sif (ERC) ​udk​vnf; ​r​zGJU​pnf;​&​ ​xGef;​um;​vm​&ef ​pGrf;​tif​0ef​BuD;​u ​o​bm​y​wd​t​jzpf​ ao;​yg/ aqmif​&Guf​NyD; ​vQyf​ppf​pGrf;​tm;​0ef​BuD;​u ​yl;​wGJ​o​bm​y​wd​ t​jzpf ​wm​0ef​,l​OD;​aqmif​aom ​t​rsdK;​om;​pGrf;​tif ​pD​rH​cefY​cGJ​rI ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​c​aps;​EIef; ​jyK​jyif​ajymif;​vJ​a&;​onf​ ​aumf​r​wD (National Energy Management Committee – "mwf​tm;​xkwf​vkyf​ay;​ol​rsm;​ESifh ​jzefY​jzL; ​a&mif;​cs​ol​wdkY​ NEMC) ​udk 2013 ​ck​ESpf​wGif ​zGJU​pnf;​cJh​yg​onf/ ​pGrf;​tif​0ef​BuD; t​wGuf ​0ef​aqmif​rI​ukef​us​p​&dwf​udk ​um​rd​ap​cJh​onf/ ​Xm​e​onf ​t​rsdK;​om;​pGrf;​tif​rl​0g​' (National Energy 2012 ​ck​ESpf​wGif ​jref​rm​usyf​aiG ​wef​zdk; ​avsmh​us​rI​aMumifh​ Policy - NEP) ​ESifh ​pGrf;​tif​qdkif​&m ​yif​r​pD​rHcsuf​ (Energy a':​vm​ESifh​aps;​oifh​xm;​aom ​o​bm​0"mwf​aiGU​aps;​EIef;​ Master Plan) ​udk ​a&;​qGJ​cJh​yg​onf/ 2014 ​ck​ESpf ​Zef​e​0g​&D​ jrifh​rm;​vm​cJh​NyD; ​vQyfppf​"mwf​tm;​jzefY​jzL;​rI​ukef​us​p​&dwf​rSm v​wGif ​t​wnf​jyK​jy​|mef;​cJh​aom ​t​rsdK;​om;​pGrf;​tif​rl​0g​'​ od​od​om​om​BuD;​rm;​vm​cJh​yg​onf/ ​t​pdk;​&​onf 2012 t​& ​jref​rm​wpf​Edkif​iH ​vHk; ​vQyf​ppf​rD;​&​&Sd​a&;​ESifh ​pGrf;​tif​u​@ ​ck​ESpf​ESifh 2014 ​ck​ESpf ​{​NyD​v​wGif ​vQyfppf​"mwf​tm;​c ​aps;​EIef;​ ​zGHU​NzdK;​wdk;​wuf​a&; ​wdkY​t​wGuf ​enf;​AsL​[m​vrf;​ñTef​csuf​ rsm;​wdk;jr§ifh​cJh​yg​onf/ 2014 ​ck​ESpf ​{​NyD​v ​rS​p​wif​t​ouf​ rsm;​ESifh ​us,f​jyefY​onfh ​rl​abmif​udk ​wnf​axmif​cJh​yg​onf/​ 0if​onfh ​"mwf​tm;​c​aps;EIef;​yHk​pH​t​opf​onf ​tdrf​oHk;​ESifh vQyf​ppf​pGrf;​tm;​0ef​BuD;​Xm​e​onf ​vQyf​ppf​O​y​a'​t​opf​udk​ ​t​ao;​pm;​oHk;​pGJ​ol​rsm;​t​wGuf ​"mwf​tm;​c​EIef;​xm;​t​qifh a&;​qGJ​jy​|mef;​cJh​NyD; 4if;​O​y​a'onf IPPs ​ ESifh PPPs ​p​epf​ 3 ​qifh​ESifh ​puf​rI ​vkyf​ief;​oHk;​ESifh ​t​BuD;​pm;​oHk;​pGJ​rI​t​wGuf​ wdkY​t​wGuf ​O​y​a'​qdkif​&m ​t​ajc​cH​tkwf​jrpf​wpf​ck​jzpf​cJh​onfh​ "mwf​tm;​c​EIef;​xm;​t​qifh 6 ​qifh ​cGJ​jcm;​xm;​onf/ ​t​ t​jyif ​oD;​jcm;​vGwf​vyf​aom ​vQyfppf​qdkif​&m ​vkyf​ief; rSef​tm;​jzifh ​pD;​yGm;​a&;​vkyf​ief;​oHk; ​vQyfppf​"mwf​tm; ​oHk;​pGJ ​BuD;​Muyf​rI ​aumf​r​&Sif (Electricity Regulatory ​ol​rsm;​u ​ae​tdrf​oHk; ​"mwf​tm;​oHk;​pGJ​ol​rsm;​t​wGuf ​rQw​ 5 us​cH​ay;​&​onfh ​o​abm​jzpf​yg​onf/ ​xdk​uJh​odkY rQ​w​us​cH​rI​ a&SU​ajy;​pD​rH​csuf​t​ae​ESifh ​NrdKU​jy​a'o​rsm; (​O​y​rm- ​&ef​ukef​ onf ​a&​wdk​um​v​t​wGuf ​xkwf​vkyf​c​ESifh ​0ef​aqmif​c​ukef​ ESifh ​r​Eå​av;) ​&Sd ​"mwf​tm;​jzefY​jzL;​onfh ​AdkY​tm;​edrfh​"mwf​tm; us​p​&dwf​rsm;​udk ​umrd​ap​aomf​vnf; ​a&​&Snf​&if;​ESD;jr§yfESH​rI ​vdkif;​rsm;​tm; ​yk​*¾​vd​u​udk ​um​v​wdk​vkyf​udkif​aqmif​&Guf​ ​ukef​us​p​&dwf​rsm;​udk​rl ​t​pdk;​&​u​om ​aiG​aMu;​axmuf​yHh cGifh​rsm; ​cGifh​jyK​ay;​jcif;? ​"mwf​tm;​c ​awmif;​cH​jcif;​ESifh ​jznfh​qnf; ​aqmif​&Guf​&​onfh ​t​ajc​t​ae​&Sd​ae​qJ​jzpf​onf/ ​aiG​aumuf​cH​&m​wGif ​yk​*¾​vd​u​u​@ ​yg​0if​aqmif​&Guf​ap​jcif;​ jzifh ​"mwf​tm;​aysmuf​qHk;​rI ​avsmh​enf; ​ap​&ef ​aqmif​&Guf​ vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​jzefY​jzL;​a&;​u​@​wGif ​aumf​ydk​a&;​&Sif;​p​epf cJh​onf/ ​t​usdK;​&​v'f​tm;​jzifh ​"mwf​tm;​aysmuf​qHk;​rI​EIef; ​jyK​vkyf​jcif;​ESifh ​jyef​vnf​jyif​qif​zGJU​pnf;​jcif;​wdkY​udk 23 ​&m​cdkif​EIef;​cefY (2009) ​rS 2014 ​ck​ESpf​wGif ​r​Eå​av;​ü 14​ ​vkyf​aqmif​cJh​yg​onf/ ​"mwf​tm;​jzefY​jzL;​a&;​u​@​wGif​ &m​cdkif​EIef;​odkY ​avsmh​us​cJh​NyD; ​&ef​ukef​ü 16 ​&m​cdkif​EIef;​odkY​ vkyf​&nf​udkif​&nf​ESifh ​pGrf;​aqmif​&nf​rsm; ​wdk;​jr§ifhvm​ap​&ef avsmh​us​cJh​yg​onf/ ​"mwf​tm;​aysmuf​qHk;​rI ​avsmh​us​a&;​ &nf​&G,f​í ​Edkif​iH​awmf​t​pdk;​&​onf ​&ef​ukef​NrdKU​awmf t​pD​t​pOf ​quf​vuf​aqmif​&Guf​&ef​t​wGuf ​r​Edkif​0ef​xrf;​ ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​ay;​a&;​t​zGJU (Yangon Electricity ae​&​NyD; ​a[mif;​EGrf;​ae​aom ​"mwf​tm;​jzefY​jzL;​a&;​uGef​&uf​ Supply Board – YESB) ​udk ​aumf​ydk​a&;​&Sif; ​t​jzpf​ rsm;​udk ​acwf​rD​p​epf​rsm;​jzifh ​t​pm;​xdk;​wdk;​csJU&ef​t​wGuf​ ajymif;​vJ​jcif;? ​r​Eå​av;​vQyfppf​"mwf​tm;​ay;​a&;​aumf​ &if;​ESD;jr§yf​ESH​rI​t​rsm;​t​jym; ​vdk​tyf​rnf​jzpf​yg​onf/ ydk​a&;​&Sif; (Mandalay Electricity Supply Corporation – MESC) ​udk ​wnf​axmif​zGJU​pnf;​jcif;? ​vQyfppf​"mwf​tm; ​jzefY​jzL;​a&;​vkyf​ief; (Electricity Supply Entreprise – ESE) ​udk ​jyif​qif​zGJU​pnf;​jcif;​wdkY ​jyK​vkyf​cJh​yg​onf/ (​jref​rm​Edkif​iH​vQyfppf​aps;uGuf​\ ​xuf​0ufcefY​udk YESB uxdef;​csKyf​jzefY​jzL;​NyD; ​&ef​ukef​ESifh ​r​Eå​av;​rS​t​y ​usef ​jynf​e,f/​wdkif;​a'oBuD; ​tm;​vHk;​udk ESE ​rS​jzefY​jzL;​onf/)​ 6 v ​ Qyf​ppf"mwf​tm;​xkwf​vkyf​rI​wGif ​yk​*¾​vd​u​u​@ ​yg​0if​rI​ jref​rm​Edkif​iH​onf ​uk​v​o​r​*¾​\ ​vl​wdkif;​a&​&Snf​wnf​ onf ​od​od​om​om ​wdk;​jrifh​vm​cJh​onf/ ​vQyf​ppf​pGrf;​tm; wHh​rnfh​pGrf;​tif​&​&Sd​a&; ​t​p​ysdK;​aqmif​&Guf​rI (UN ​u​@​udk​vQyfppf​O​y​a'​t​opf​t​&​yk​*¾​vd​u​pD​rH​udef;​t​aumif​ Sustainable Energy For All – SEFA Initiative) t​xnf​azmf​ol​rsm;​t​wGuf ​zGifhvSpf​ay;​vdkuf​aom​t​cg IPP​ ​t​pD​t​pOf​wGif ​yg​0if​cJh​NyD;? 2030 ​ck​ESpf​wGif ​wpf​Edkif​iH​vHk; ESifh PPP ​p​epf​jzifh ​vkyf​aqmif​vdk​onfh ​t​qdk​jyK​wif​jy​csuf​ ​vQyf​ppf​&​&Sd​oHk;​pGJ​Edkif​a&;OD;​wnf​vsuf ​t​rsdK;​om;​vQyf​ t​rsm;​t​jym;​udk ​r​zdwf​ac:​&​bJ ​vuf​cH​&​&Sd​cJh​onf/ ​vQyf​ ppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​a&;​pD​rH​csuf (National Electrification ppf​pGrf;​tm;​0ef​BuD;​Xm​e​onf ​vGef​cJh​aom 2 ​ESpf​t​wGif;​u Plan –NEP) ​udk ​owf​rSwf​cJh​yg​onf/ ​uk​v​o​r​*¾​\ SEFA ​o​bm​0​"mwf​aiGU? ​ausmuf​rD;​aoG;​ESifh ​a&​tm;​wdkY​rS Initiative ​t​pD​t​pOf​odkY 2014 ​ck​ESpf​wGif ​0if​a&muf​cJh​NyD;​ ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm; ​r​*¾g​0yf ​axmif​aygif;​rsm;​pGm ​xkwf​,l​rnfh aemuf ​jref​rm​Edkif​iH​onf 2030 ​ck​ESpf​wGif ​vl​wdkif; ​vQyf​ppf​rD; ​pD​rH​udef;​rsm;​t​wGuf ​ESpf​buf​em;​vnf​rI​pm​cRefvTm ​&​&Sd​a&; ​t​rsdK;​om;​t​qifh​pD​rH​csuf (​uk​v​o​r​*¾​u ​owf​ (Memorandum of Understanding – MOU) ​rsm; rSwf​xm;​aom ​pOf​quf​r​jywf ​zGHU​NzdK;​wdk;​wuf​a&; ​&nf​rSef;​ ​vuf​rSwf​a&;​xdk;​cJh​onf​[k ​cefY​rSef;​&​aomf​vnf; ​xdk​t​qdk​ csuf​t​rSwf-7) ​udk ​cs​rSwf​usifh​oHk;​aom ​y​x​r​qHk;​aom​ jyK​vTmrsm; ​ESpf​buf​o​abm​wl​pm​csKyf (Memorandum u​rÇmY​Edkif​iH​rsm;​t​euf ​wpf​Edkif​iH ​jzpf​vm​cJh​onf/ ​þ​ of Agreement – MOA) ​csKyf​qdk​onfh​t​qifh ​a&muf​&Sd​NyD;​ &nfr ​ ​atmif​jrif​ap​&ef​t​wGu​t ​ Sef;csuf f ​ar​&du ​ ef​a':​vm5.8 cdkif​rm​,Hk​Munf​tm;​xm;​Edkif​í ​bPf​rSa​iG​aMu; ​axmuf​yHh​rI​ ​bD​vD​,H ​&if;​ESD;jr§yfESH​NyD; ​tdrf​axmif​pk 7.2 ​oef;​udk ​"mwf​tm;​ &​&Sd​Edkif​onfh ​"mwf​tm;​0,f​,l​a&; ​o​abm​wl​nD​csuf​rsm; uGef​&uf​ESifh ​csdwf​quf​í (​odkY) ​"mwf​tm;​uGef​&uf​jyif​y​rS​ (Power Purchase Agreements – PPAs) ​enf;​yg;​ae​jcif;​ vQyfppf​rD;​ay;​&ef ​vdk​tyf​rnf ​jzpf​yg​onf/ ​'kwd​,​o​r®​w​OD;​ u ​t​cuf​t​cJ​rsm; ​&Sd​ae​aMumif; ​rD;​armif;​xdk; ​ouf​ao​ aqmif​onfh ​t​rsdK;​om;​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​a&; ​t​rI​aqmif​ jy​ae​onf/ 2015 ​ck​ESpf​t​a&muf​wGif IPPs ​\ ​pk​pk​aygif; aumf​r​wD (National Electrification Executive ​wyf​qif​puf​tif​tm;​onf 440 ​r​*¾g​0yf​cefY (​"mwf​aiGU​oHk; Committee- NEEC) ​onf ​vQyf​ppf​rD;​&​&Sd​a&;​t​pD​t​pOf​udk 270 ​r​*¾g​0yf? ​a&​tm;​vQyf​ppf​rS 170 ​r​*¾g​0yf) ​odkY​r​[kwf ​OD;​aqmif​BuD;​Muyf​rnf ​jzpf​onf/ ​t​rsdK;​om; ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​ ​jref​rm​wpf​Edkif​iH​vHk; ​pk​pk​aygif;​wyf​qif​puf​tif​tm;​\ tm;​&​&Sd​a&; ​t​rI​aqmif​aumf​r​wD​\​t​wGif;​a&;​rª;​&Hk;​ESifh​ 10 ​&m​cdkif​EIef;​odkY ​a&muf​&Sd​cJh​yg​onf/ ​iSm;​&rf;​xm;​aom "mwf​tm;​p​epf​wdk;​csJUa&;​pD​rH​udef;​pD​rH​cefY​cGJ​rI​&Hk;​udk ​vQyf​ppf​ 260 ​r​*¾g​0yf​cefY ​&Sd ​"mwf​tm;​ay;​puf​rsm;​udk ​"mwf​tm;​ pGrf;​tm;​0ef​BuD;​Xm​e​wGif ​vnf;​aumif;? ​r​[m​"mwf​tm; uGef​&uf​odkY ​csdwf​quf​xm;​jcif;​jzifh​"mwf​tm;​jywf​awmuf​rI​ ​vdkif;​jyif​y​p​epf​r​v S Qyfppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​a&;​pD​rH​udef;​pD​rH​cefY​cGJ​rI rsm;​udk ​,m​,D​ouf​om​ap​cJh​yg​onf/ 2015 ​ck​ESpf ​{​NyD​v​wGif​ ​&Hk;​udk ​arG;​jrL​a&;? ​a&​vkyf​ief;​ESifh ​aus;​vuf​a'​o​zGHU​NzdK;​ NyD;​pD;​cJh​onfh ​vQyfppf​pGrf;​tm;​0ef​BuD;​Xm​e​\ ​y​x​r​OD;​qHk; wdk;w ​ ufa ​ efB​ uD;X ​ &;0 ​ w ​ me ​ Gifv​ nf;a​ umif;z ​ nf;c ​ GJUp ​ go ​ Jhy ​ nf/ Edkif​iH​w​um​zdwf​ac: ​wif​'g​,SOf​NydKif​yGJ​jzpf​aom 240 ​r​*¾g​0yf​ ​pD​rH​udef;​t​aumif​t​xnf​azmf​rI​udk ​wpf​Edkif​iH​vHk; ​vQyf​ppf​rD;​ jrif;​NcH ​yk​*¾​vd​u​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​xkwf​vkyf​a&; ​pD​rH​udef; &​&Sd​a&;​pD​rH​udef;​t​wGuf ​t​wdk;​rJh​acs;​aiG ​t​ar​&d​uef​a':​vm​ ​&​v'fonf ​r​zdwf​ac:​&​bJ ​oD;​oefY​t​qdk​jyK​wif​jy​vm​onfh​ oef; 400 ​t​yg​t​0if ​u​rÇmY​bPf​t​ul​t​nD​jzifh 2015 ​ck​ESpf​ pD​rH​udef;​rsm;​ESifh ​EIdif;,SOf​Munfh​yg​u ​aps;EIef;​od​od​om​om​ puf​wif​bm​v​wGif ​p​wif​cJh​yg​onf/ ouf​om​NyD; ​puf​pGrf;​tm; ​ydk​rdk​aumif;​rGef​ae​onf​udk ​awGU​&Sd​ &​yg​onf/ 7 ​a'​o​wGif;​t​awGU​t​BuHK​rsm;​ESifh ​oif​cef;​pm​rsm; ​ ​pdk;​&​\ ​o​Eéd​|mef ​cdkif​cdkif​rm​rm​cs​rSwf ​t​aumif​t​xnf​ t udk ​wnf​axmif​cJh​NyD; ​xdkif;​Edkif​iH​enf;​wl 1980 ​jynfh​vGef​ESpf​ azmf​rI​jzifh (​,​aeY ​jref​rm​Edkif​iH​enf;​wl) ​vm​tdk​ESifh ​AD​,uf​erf rsm;​rS 1990 ​jynfh​vGef​ESpf​rsm;​t​xd ​aqmif​&Guf​cJh​onf/ ​Edkif​iH​wdkY​wGif vQyfppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​rI​EIef;​edrfh​yg;​ae​&m​rS​ r​Mum​rD​um​v​u ​atmif​jrif​rI​&​&Sd​cJh​Mu​o​uJh​odkY ​"mwf​tm;​ ​ ​e​OD;​r​wnf​&if;​ESD;jr§yfESH​rI​rsm;​t​wGuf u ​aiG​t​&if;​t​ESD; &​&Sd​rI​EIef;​jrifh​wuf​vm​NyD; ​vl​wdkif;​vQyfppf​rD;​&​&Sd​vm​rnfh ​t​pOf​t​jrJ ​pD;​0if​vm​rI? ​vQyfppf​u​@​\​b​@m​a&; ​cdkif​rm​ ​t​oGif​t​ul;​t​ajymif;​um​v​onf ​q,f​pk​ESpf 2 ​pk​cefY ​&Sd​ &Sif​oef​&yf​wnf​Ekdif​rI​ESifh ​vl​wdkif;​vuf​vSrf;​rD​wwf​Edkif​rI​wdkY​ Edkif​onf/ 1990 ​jynfh​vGef ​ESpf​v,f​ydkif;​cefY​u ​vm​tdk​ESifh onf ​vQyfppf​rD;​&​&Sd​a&;​pD​rH​udef; ​atmif​jrif​rI​ESifh ​wdkuf​½dkuf​ ​AD​,uf​erf​Edkif​iH​wdkY​wGif ​vQyfppf​rD;​&​&Sd​rI 20 ​&m​cdkif​EIef;​ quf​pyf​ae​onf/ atmuf​&Sd​cJh​&m​rS ​q,f​pk​ESpf 2 ​pk​Mum​t​NyD; ​,​aeY​t​csdef​t​cg​ ​u​e​OD;​r​wnf​&if;​ESD; jr§ yf​ESH​rI​rsm;​t​wGuf ​&ef​yHk​aiG​t​&if;​t​ESD;​ wGif ​vm​tdk​Edkif​iH​ü 90 ​&m​cdkif​EIef;​ausmf​ESifh ​AD​,uf​erf​Edkif​iH​ rsm; ​rnf​odkY​rnf​rQ&​&Sd​rnf​udk ​r​cefY​rSef;​Edkif​vQif ​ouf​qdkif​&m​ ü ​vl​wdkif;​eD;​yg; ​vQyf​ppf​rD;​&​&Sd​onf​t​xd ​wdk;​wuf​cJh​onf Xm​e​rsm;​t​ae​jzifh ​pD​rH​udef;​t​aumif​t​xnf​azmf​&m​wGif​ (​yHk-1)/ ​xdk​ESpf​Edkif​iH ​atmif​jrif​rI​\ ​t​"du​aomh​csuf​rSm​ a&m ​pD​rH​udef;​csJUxGif​&m​wGif​yg ​t​cuf​t​cJ​&Sd​o​jzifh ​aus;​vuf​ vl​wdkif;​vQyfppf​rD;​&​&Sd​ap​&​rnf​qdk​onfh ​Edkif​iH​wpf​0ef;​vHk;​ a'​o ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​a&; ​r​wnf​&if;​ESD;jr§yfESH​rI​rsm;​ wGif ​a&​&Snf​cdkif​rm​ae​aom ​o​Eéd​|mef​jzpf​o​jzifh ​Edkif​iH​a&;​ t​wGuf ​&ef​yHk​aiG​t​&if;​t​ESD;​rsm; ​yHk​rSef​&​&Sd​atmif ​aqmif​&Guf​ pD;​yGm;​a&; ​t​ajymif;​t​vJ​rsm;​\​'Pf​vnf; ​r​cH​cJh​&​yg/​ oifh​onf/ ​xdkif;​Edkif​iH​wGif ​jynf​e,f​vQyfppf​tm​Pm​ydkif q,f​pk​ESpf 1 ​pk​apm​í ​vl​wdkif;​eD;​yg; ​vQyf​ppf​rD;​&​&Sd​cJh​aom​ (Provincial Electricity Authority- PEA) ​onf ​"mwf​tm;​ xdkif;​ ​ H​ Edkifi ¤​ onf ​ if;\ ​ Edkif​ iHpD;y ​ Gm;​ a&;​ vl​ ESifh ​ a&; ​ rI​ NzdK;​ zGHU​ vdkif;​rsm; ​jzefY​usuf ​wnf​aqmuf​&ef​t​wGuf ​t​wdk;​EIef;​ wdk;​wuf​rI​qdkif​&m 5 ​ESpf ​pD​rH​udef;​rsm;​wGif ​aus;​vuf ouf​om​onfh ​ESpf​&Snf​acs;​aiG​rsm; ​&​&Sd​Mu​onf/ ​þ​acs;​ ​vQyfppf​rD; ​&​&Sd​a&;​udk ​t​pOf​t​jrJ ​xnfh​oGif;​cJh​onf/ ​r​av;​&Sm; aiG​rsm;​onf ​t​wdk;​ukef​us​p​&dwf​udk ​od​om​pGm ​avsmh​enf;​ ​Edkif​iH​onf1978​ck​ESpf​ü​aus;​vuf​vQyfppf​rD;​&​&Sd​a&;​OD;​pD;​Xm​e​ ap​jcif;​aMumifh PEA ​\ ​t​ajc​cH​0if​aiG​udk ​acs;​aiG​jyef​vnf​ ykH 1/ 1990 - 2014 ckESpftwGif; EdkifiHtcsKdU\ vQyfppf"mwftm; &&SdrIESifh vQyfppf "mwftm;c? 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​pD​rH​csuf​wpf​ck" t​xl;​t​a&;​yg​cJh​aomf​vnf; AD​,uf​erf ​vQyfppf​jzefY​jzL;​a&;​ pif​jrifh​xuf​wGif ​vuf​wGJ​nD​nm ​t​wl​w​uG ​aqmif​&Guf​&ef​ vkyf​ief; (EVN) ​onf ​aus;​vuf​rD;​vif;​a&;​t​wGuf​ vdk​onf/ ​þ​odkY ​vQyfppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​a&; ​&nf​rSef;​csuf​yef;​ vdk​tyf​onfh​r​wnf​&if;​ESD;​aiG​t​rsm;​pk​udk​udk,f​wdkif​pdkuf​xkwf wdkif​rsm; ​jynfh​rD​ap​&ef ​pD​rH​udef;​t​aumif​t​xnf​azmf​rnfh​ ​&if;​ESD;​Edkif​cJh​NyD​jzpf​onf/ 1997 ​ck​ESpf ​tm​&S​b​@m​a&;​ t​zGJU​udk ​oD;​oefY​wm​0ef​,l​ap​&​rnf/ ​O​y​rm- ​xdkif;​Edkif​iH​ t​Muyf​t​wnf;​u ​tif​'dk​eD;​&Sm;​Edkif​iH​\ ​vQyfppf​"mwf​tm; onf ​aus;​vuf​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​a&;​&Hk; (Office of ​uk​r®PD (PLN) ​\​b​@m​a&;​awmifh​wif;​rI​udk ​qdk;​&Gm;​pGm Rural Electrification- ORE) ​udk ​jynf​e,f​vQyfppf​tm​Pm​ydkif ​xd​cdkuf​ap​cJh​&Hk​om​r​u ​t​pdk;​&aiG​aMu;​axmuf​yHh​rI​rsm; (Provincial Electricity Authority-PEA) ​vuf​atmuf​wGif​ ​udk​vnf; ​t​cuf​t​cJ​jzpf​ap​cJh​onf/ ​t​usdK;​quf​tm;​jzifh​ wnf​axmif​cJh​NyD;? ​aus;​&Gm​rsm;​pGm​odkY ​"mwf​tm;​vdkif; ​a&muf​ tif​'dkeD;​&Sm;​Edkif​iH​\ ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​ay;​a&; ​t​pD​t​pOf &Sd​NyD;​rS ​aus;​vuf​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​a&;​&Hk;​udk ​zsuf​odrf;​cJh​ ​aESmifh​aES;​cJh​NyD;? 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​o​bm0​"mwf​aiGU​u​@ ​yif​r​pD​rH​csuf​ESifh ​a&​tm;​vQyf​ ajymif;​vJ​í ​pD;​yGm;​a&;​qef​qef ​aqmif​&Guf​Edkif​atmif ​wGef;​ ppf​zGHU​NzdK;​wdk;​wuf​a&; ​pD​rH​csuf​wdkY ​a&;​qGJ​jcif;/ ​jref​rm​Edkif​iH​ tm;​ay;​jcif;/ ​&ef​ukef​NrdKU​awmf​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​ay;​a&;​ wGif ​o​bm​0​"mwf​aiGU? ​a&​tm;? ​ae​pGrf;​tif​ESifh ​t​jcm;​jyef​ t​zGJU (Yangon Electricity Supply Board – YESB) ​udk vnf​jynfh​NzdK;​jrJ​pGrf;​tif ​t​yg​t​0if ​pGrf;​tif​t​&if;​t​jrpf​rsm;​ ​pGrf;​&nf​xuf​jruf​aom ​aumf​ydk​a&;​&Sif;t​jzpf​odkY​ ayg​rsm;~uG,f​0​onf/ ​jref​rm​Edkif​iH​onf ​o​bm​0"mwf​aiGU ajymif;​vJ​jcif;? ​r​Eå​av;​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​ay;​ ​ESifh ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​udk ​a'o​wGif;​ul;​oef;​z​vS,f a&;​aumf​ydk​a&;​&Sif; (Mandalay Electricity Supply ​a&mif;​0,f​&ef ​t​csuf​t​csm​us​onfh ​ae​&m​wGif ​wnf​&Sd​ Corporation – MESC) ​udk ​wnf​axmif​jcif;​ESifh onf/ ​xdk​t​vm;​t​vm​aumif;​rsm;​udk ​pD;​yGm;​a&;​t​& ​t​usdK;​ (​Edkif​iH​ydkif ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​xkwf​vkyf​a&; ​puf​ &Sd​atmif? ​ywf​0ef;​usif​ESifh ​vl​rI​a&;​qdkif​&m ​a&​&Snf​aumif;​ &Hk​rsm;​tm;​vHk; ​aygif;​pnf;​í) ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​ usdK;​jzpf​xGef;​ap​atmif ​zef​wD;​&m​wGif ​pGrf;​tif ​t​&if;​t​ xkwf​vkyf​a&;​vkyf​ief; (Electric Power Generation jrpf​tm;​vHk;​udk ​ao​csm​pGm ​qef;​ppf​avh​vm​NyD; ​wd​us​aom Enterprise – EPGE) ​udk ​wnf​axmif​jcif;​wdkY​onf​ ​pD​rH​csuf​rsm;​cs​rSwf​um ​Edkif​iH​ESifh ​a'o​cH​vl​xk​t​wGuf vQyf​ppf​u​@ ​wdk;​wuf​a&; ​ESifh ​t​pOf​wnf​wHh​rnfh ​vQyf​ppf​ t​aumif;​qHk; ​vl​rI? ​pD;​yGm;​a&;​qdkif​&m ​&​v'frsm;​jzpf​ap​rnfh​ "mwf​tm; ​ydk​rdk​&​&Sd​a&;​wdkY​t​wGuf ​t​"du​us​onf/ ​xdkY​t​jyif​ vrf;​aMumif;​udk ​zef​wD;​azmf​aqmif​&​rnf/ ​o​bm​0"wf​aiGU​ vQyf​ppf ​"mwf​tm; ​jzefY​jzL;​a&;​vkyf​ief; (Electricity Supply ESifh ​a&​tm;​vQyf​ppf​u​@​rsm;​&Sd ​t​zGJU​t​pnf;​rsm;​\​ Enterprise – ESE) ​udk ​jyif​qif​zGJU​pnf;​a&;​onf ​vQyf​ppf​ pGrf;​aqmif​&nf​jynfh​0​rI jr§ifh​wif​jcif;? ​pD​rH​udef;zef​wD;​ aps;​uGuf ​t​em​*wf​wGif​us,f​jyefY​vm​rI​ESifh ​&ef​ukef​ESifh​ a&;​qGJ​rI​pGrf;​&nfcdkif​rm​atmif​ aqmif​&Guf​jcif;? ​o​bm​0 r​Eå​av;​jyif​y​a'o​rsm;​wGif ​vQyf​ppf​"mwf​tm;​&​&Sd​EIef;​rsm;​ ywf​0ef;​usif​ ESifh ​vl​rI​b​0ywf​0ef;​usif​udk ​xd​cdkuf​ap​jcif;​rS t​& ​um​v​vwf ​&nf​rSef;​csuf ​jzpf​Edkif​onf/ ​jref​rmh​vQyf​ppf​ ​um​uG,f​jcif;? ​a'o​cH​vl​xk​ESifh ​wdkif​yif​ "mwf​tm;​ydkY​vTwf​a&;​p​epf ​pD​rH​uGyf​uJ​rI​t​zGJU (Myanmar aqG;​aEG;​jcif;​wdkY​udk ​pD​rH​csufa&;​qGJ​pOf​ESifh ​pD​rH​udef;​jyif​qif​rI Transmission System Operator – MTSO) ​udk ​oD;​jcm;​vGwf​ ​aqmif​&Guf​csdef​rsm;​wGif ​jyK​vkyf​&​rnf/ vyf​aom ​"mwf​tm;​ydkY​vTwf​a&;​uk​rÜ​PD​t​jzpf ​zGJU​pnf;​wnf​ axmif​oifh​onf/ 13 vQyfppf"mwftm;&&SdrIEIef; jrifhrm;vmap&ef? 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a'ocH uefx½dkufwmrsm;? jynfe,f/ rD;vdkif;csdwfqufrIEIef; wpfESpfvQif tenf;qHk; qufvufOD;aqmif&ef/ wdkif;? c½dkifESifh aus;&Gmtqifh vQyfppfu@ tdrfaxmifpk 5odef; vQyfppf0efBuD;XmeESifh arG;? a&? aus;vuf tzGJUi,frsm;udk pGrf;aqmif&nfjr§ifhwif&mwGif odkY a&muf&Sdatmif 0efBuD;XmewdkYwGif pDrHudef; pDrHcefYcGJrI&Hk; tultnDay;&ef/ vQyfppf"mwftm;&&SdrIEIef;udk (Project Management Office – PMOs) rsm;udk uGef&ufqdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; (Grid Code) jr§ifhwif&ef 0efxrf;tiftm; tjynfhtpHk jznfhqnf;NyD; tm; jyifqifowfrSwfNyD;acwfrD enf;ynm EdkifiHwpf0ef;vHk;&Sd vQyfppf"mwftm;&&Sda&; rsm;udk toHk;cs&efESifh aus;vufa'o vkyfief;rsm;tay: xda&mufpGm aygif;pyf rD;vif;a&; twGufp&dwftoufomqHk; nd§EIdif;ay;&ef/ enf;vrf;udk a&G;cs,f&ef/ 2014 ckESpf vQyfppfOya'udk vufawGUusifhoHk; vQyfppfpGrf;tm;0efBuD;XmeESihf pGrf;tif0efBuD; vmEdkif&eftwGuf vdktyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;? Xmeudkaygif;pnf;í OD;aqmiftzGJUtpnf;\ pnf;rsOf;ESifhpnf;urf;rsm;udk xkwfjyef&ef/ r[mAsL[mpDrHcsufESifh rl0g'zefwD;a&;qGJrI vGwfvyfaom vQyfppfqdkif&m vkyfief; pGrf;&nfpkpnf;jr§ifhwif&ef/ BuD;MuyfrIaumfr&Sif (ERC) udk wnfaxmif&ef/ yk*¾vduu@ yl;aygif;yg0ifvmrIudk tm;ay;í xd&SvG,faom obm0"mwfaiGUESifh vQyfppf "mwftm;wdkY\ yGifhvif; jrifomNyD; ,SOfNydKiftm;aumif;aom pm;oHk;olrsm;udk umuG,f&if; xkwfvkyfrIukefusp&dwfrsm;udk tjynfht0 IPP/PPP yHkpHrsm;jzifh jynfolYb@m yk*¾vduu@ t&if;tESD;rsm; umrdapaom pGrf;tifaps;EIef;rl0g'udk csrSwf t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk tm;jr§ifh&ef/ vQyfppfaps;uGuftwGif; pD;0ifí usifhoHk;&ef/ yk*¾vdut&if;tESD;rsm;? bPfacs;aiGrsm;jzifh yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ,SOfNydKifrIrsm; xd&SvG,faom pm;oHk;olrsm;udk (wdkuf½dkuf jynfolYb@m? EdkifiHwum aiGaMu; axmufyHhrI wdk;wufvmap&ef/ odkYr[kwf oG,f0dkuf) aiGaMu;axmufyHhrI\ (twdk;rJhacs;aiG) rsm;udk t&Sdefjr§ifhwifí &nf&G,f&if;udk &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyNyD;tpdk;& OD;pm;ay; pDrHudef;rsm;twGuf IPP/PPP yHkpH twGuf 0efxkyf0efydk;rjzpfonfh &efyHkaiG EdkifiHwumzdwfac:wif'g NydKifqdkifrIjzifh tvHktavmufxm;&Sd&ef/ yk*¾vdu pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfolrsm;udk a&G;cs,f&ef/ 14 &nf&G,fcsufrsm; umvwdk aqmif&Guf&ef umv&Snf aqmif&Guf&ef YESC ESifh MESC wdkYtm; aumfydka&;&Sif;tjzpf vQyfppfu@wGif txl;ojzifh YESC ESifh ajymif;vJjcif;? trIaqmift&m&Sd cefYxm;jcif;? MESC wdkYwGif &if;ESD;jr§yfESHxm;rI tcsdKUudk enf;Oya'rsm; jy|mef;jcif;? t"duusaom jyefvnfaiGazmfjcif; tpDtpOfa&;qGJí pwif pGrf;aqmif&nfjyñTef;udef;rsm;owfrSwfjcif;wdkY taumiftxnfazmf&ef/ yxrESpftwGif; aqmif&Guf&ef/ ESE \ a'otvdkuf vQyfppfjzefYjzL;a&; pGrf;tifESifh vQyfppf u@ MEPE ESifh HEG wdkYudkaygif;pyfí vkyfief;rsm;tm; aumfydka&;&Sif;tjzpf jyifqif vkyfief;rsm;udk aumfydka&;&Sif; vQyfppf"mwftm;xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief; EPGE zGJUpnf;jcif;ESifh ESE atmufwGif aus;vuf tjzpf ajymif;vJí udkwnfaxmif&ef/ rD;ay;a&;Xmewpfck wnfaxmifrI tpDtpOf pD;yGm;a&;qefqef aqmif&GufNyD; YESC, MESC ESifh EPGE wdkYtm; pDrHcefYcGJrI a&;qGJí pwiftaumiftxnf azmf&ef/ ukefxkwfpGrf;tm; jr§ifhwif&ef aumif;um aiGaMu;cdkifrmí jyñTef;udef;rsm; r[m"mwftm; vdkif;udkwm0ef,laqmif&Guf jzifhOD;wnfcsufaumif; vmap&ef yxrESpfwGif rnfh jrefrmhvQyfppf"mwftm; ydkYvTwfa&;pepf Financial Viability Action Plan a&;qGJ&ef/ pDrHuGyfuJrItzGJU (Myanmar Transmission EdkifiHwumpm&if;udkifpHñGSef;rsm; ESifhtnD System Operator – MTSO) udk wnfaxmif&ef/ b@ma&;pm&if; ppfaq;rIudk cH,l&ef obm0"mwfaiGUu@ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; pGrf;tif&if;jrpfjy ajryHkudk ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif tpD&ifcHpmudk oHk;oyfNyD; obm0"mwfaiGU vkyfaqmifí jyefvnfjynfhNzdK;jrJ pGrf;tif yifrpDrHcsufudk pwifa&;qGJ&ef pGrf;tif t&if;tjrpf rsm;twGuf GIS tajcjyKajryHkrsm; 0efBuD;Xmeu OD;aqmifonfh OmPfBuD;&Sif a&;qGJ&ef/ tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;&ef/ jyefvnfjynfhNzdK;jrJ pGrf;tifudk "mwftm;pepf a&tm;vQyfppfu@ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; wGif aygif;pyfEdkifa&;twGuf avhvmrIrsm; obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh tpD&ifcHpmudk oHk;oyfNyD; a&tm;vQyfppf aqmif&Guf&ef/ vlrIb0ywf0ef;usifudk yifrpDrHcsufudk pwifa&;qGJ&ef vQyfppfpGrf;tm; tem*wf vQyfppf"mwftm; vdktyfcsufrsm;udk tpOfwnfwHhaprnfh 0efBuD;Xmeu OD;aqmifonfh OmPfBuD;&SiftzGJU obm0"mwfaiGU? a&tm;ESifh jyefvnf ed,mr w&m;wdkYudk udk zGJUpnf;&ef/ jynfhNzdK;jrJ pGrf;tifyifrpDrHcsufrsm;udk tajc pGrf;tifESifh vQyfppfu@ obm0ywf0ef;usif ESifh vlrIb0 jyKí aps;EIef;rQwum ,HkMunftm;xm;EdkifNyD; r[mAsL[mpDrHcsufrsm;wGif ygwf0ef;usifudk umuG,fxdef;odrf;rnfh pHñTef; a&&SnfwnfwHhaom pGrf;tifjzifh jznfhqnf; xnfhoGif;zefwD;Edkifonfh csufrsm; csrSwfí pGrf;tifyifrpDrHcsuf Edkif&ef "mwftm;xkwfvkyfa&;ESifh "mwftm; pGrf;&nfjrifhrm;vmap&ef zefwD;a&;qGJ&mwGif a'ocHvlxkESifhwdkifyif ydkYvTwfa&;pepf csJYxGifjcif; pDrHcsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&ef/ wpnf;wvHk; zefwD;a&;qGJ&rnf/ 15 jrefrmhpGrf;tifjr§ifhwifjcif; &nfnTef;csufrsm; Castalia Strategic Advisors and Columbia University (Earth Institute, Sustainable Engineering Lab) for the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and WBG, “Myanmar National Electrification Plan.” (August, 2014) WBG, “One goal, two paths: achieving universal access to modern energy in East Asia and the Pacific,” (2011) 16 ALL ABOARD Policies for shared prosperity in Myanmar GROWING TOGETHER FINANCING THE FUTURE BREAKING BUSINESS AS USUAL ENERGIZING MYANMAR CLOSING THE GAP PARTICIPATING IN CHANGE Reducing rural poverty Building an open, modern and Fostering competitiveness and a dynamic Enhancing access to Expanding access to Promoting public sector in Myanmar inclusive financial system environment for private sector growth sustainable energy for all social services accountability to all ,ck rl0g'a&;&m tMuHjyKcsuf pmwrf;onf “tm;vkH;oGm;MupdkU? rQa0ykdifqdkifonfh om,m0ajymrIrsm; azmfaqmifEdkifa&;twGuf rl0g'a&;&m tMuHjyKcsufrsm;” teuf wpfckjzpfygonf/ CLOSING THE GAP GROWING TOGETHER BREAKING BUSINESS AS USUAL Expanding access to Reducing rural poverty Fostering competitiveness and a dynamic social services in Myanmar environment for private sector growth FINANCING THE FUTURE ENERGIZING MYANMAR PARTICIPATING IN CHANGE Building an open, modern and Enhancing access to Promoting public sector inclusive financial system sustainable energy for all accountability to all jrefrmhpGrf;tifjr§ifhwifjcif; ALL ABOARD Policies for shared prosperity in Myanmar The World Bank Myanmar No.57, Pyay Road 61/2 Mile, Hlaing Township, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar. www.worldbank.org/myanmar www.facebook.com/WorldBankMyanmar myanmar@worldbank.org