40957 Beyond Transition -- 2007 . · 13 (2007) http://www.worldbank.org/transitionnewsletter www.cefir.ru , 6 , , , , 8 10 11 13 15 : ? 16 17 18 : 19 , 20 21 : : -- 22 : 23 : : ? 3 24 25 4 27 ? 5 30 2 · , , , , -- . , ( ), . -- "" , ( ). : , , 10 , (). . 5,2% ( ). . , . : (. . , ), , . , . , , , , T (, ), "" c . , , . , , , , c, , . , ( ). , , (), -- ( ). " " c , , -- . , -- 60%. , , , : 15 28% , 2%. " " . ( ; ) , , ( ). , . , Beyond Transition · -- 2007 : · 3 : , () : 1 2007 . . , , -- , . , , 25% . , , ( 1). : , , . 1999 . , , , . . ±1 , , 80% , ? . , . , , , -- . , , . , , , , . , , , . . , , . , , -- . (. 1). 25 ( , , ) : . . , , 2005, 15=100 . , 1,5 . 1,0 54 56 56 63 (Philipp Maier) -- 48 55 ; 47 53 (Maarten Hendrikx) -- 0,5 59 62 . 52 58 "Implications 53 56 of EMU enlargement for European monetary 0,0 35 42 policy: A political economy view", 25 43 52 "Kredit und Kapital" 3 36, . 137 166. . (12 80 82 ) -- 1951 1996 ., 82 85 , . (9 ) -- 1951 1996 ., 87 87 . , . , (50 )-- 1961 1998 ., . , . . (13 ) 25 -- 1999 2000 . : Lewis (2007); Eurostat . BT 4 · : , 15 2004 . ), , . , , (4,2% ) -- , 15 (2,5% ). . , , . "" , , 15. , . . . , . . , , . , (, , 15, . , ) 26% 9%, (100% -- . ). , "" 25 , . 5,2% , , , , 15. . , , , , 15 5,2% ( . , , ), 15 -- . 1,2%. , , , , , " ". ( " . "). 15 , (47%), (6,6%), 15 c (15%). (0,9%). 15 ( ) ( , . ). . , , 25 , . . , -- , , , ; -- . . C , . . : "Gains from Financial Integration in the European Union: Evidence ( for New and Old Members". BT Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 5 ? , , . , . , . . . . . -- : , , , , . . -- . . , . . , , . , 10 , , . ? , . -- , . , 2%. , , , "", . -- . , . . , . , . , . , . . , , . , , , , . , , , , , . , . , , , . . , , . . 1992 . , -- , . ( ) , , . . 7 6 · : 40% , , , , , 15, , . . , , , . . , , , , . " ( 8); , " ( ). , , , ( 2,5 3%), . . . -- , 1. , . 15 -- ? , , , , , . , , , . : . 0,82, 0,87, 0,79 0,78, : . 8 15, 8 -- 0,60, 0,73, 0,65 0,64, . , , : , . -- , 58% 15. , 8 . , , 39% 34% , , 40% 14% 70% 13% 15. , 30% -- 20% -- . . -- T , -- ? , 15, , , 8 . . , -- 19% 95% 15, , 39% 23% 60%. , 19% . , . , . , T 70% 15 ( 15) . , , Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 7 , 40% , , . , (. ). ( -- -- . 30%) 8 -- , , -- 49 62 . , , -- 15 . ; 70% , . . , . , 15 " 11%. " 20%. , 8 . 25%, , 50% "" , . (John Wilson) -- . , ; (Xubei Luo) -- , -- , -- ; (Harry Broadman) -- . , , -- , , . "Entering the , . 15, Union: European Accession and Capacity Building Priorities" . : http://econ.worldbank.org ( 3832). , 0,8%; , , . -- 0,25%, 15 -- 0,29%. 15, 8 , , , . 10 , . , 15. 74% . 15. , , . BT . 5 , , 10 . , . , , -- . . . . , . . , , . . . , , , . 25. , , (Tanel Ross ) -- . -- . , , Beyond Transition. . , . , , , , . BT 8 · : , , , , . , -- , , , , , , , , , , . . . , . ( ) : , , · . . , 1990 . , , , , , . , . 1990 . . · ( , ) , , . . , 2004 . , , , , , . . (LFS) 2004 . · , , . , , . . , , , 1: (NUTS 3)* , . 50 , , 45 40 35 , "" . 30 , 25 20 . 15 (. . 10 5 , ) , 0 , . 2004 . 1% 10% -- . , 1% 15 . , *NUTS -- : Eurostat , 2004. . Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 9 , 2. : LFS 2004 ( % ; NUTS3, ) , , , /. , 12% , 10% . , 8% . 6% 4% . , , 2% . 0% , , , (NUTS2) (NUTS2) (NUTS2) : LFS . , · , . . : , . , . , , , , . . , . , , , . . . -- , , , , , : · , , , , . , . · . . . · , , , , , , , . . , ( ) . . . , . : · , , : . . , , , , , . . , . . , , (Pierella Paci), (Erwin Tiongson), . (Mateusz Walewski), , . · (Jacek Liwinski), (Maria Stoilkova) "Internal Labor Mobility . in Central Europe and the Baltic Region" , ( 105), . , , . : 2007 . BT 10 · : 2002 2005 . , , . . -- 28% , -- 2002 . , ( ). , , 2004 . , . , , 2002 . , . , . . , , -- , , 2005 . , . " . " ( . , ) ; , : 12% , , . , , . . -- , , "" , . . 7% , , 2002 2005 . , . , 2002 . 2005 . 25% 49%, . , 2002 , . 2005 . , -- 9,6%, . , , , . , . . , " " ( ) : 4%, 7%, 1% ( , ). , 18 64 , , 2005 . , (. ). 2002 2005 . , , 62,3 / / / / -- 19,9 7,0 2,1 5,7 3,8 . 2005 . 12,2 24,7 10,0 3,0 6,8 5,4 49,0 13,4 12,4 0,9 76% , : . . , Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 11 , ), , . . , -- 10 20%. 38 , . ( ), -- 34 . 38 23 9% 7% . , , . . , -- 100% , 70% . (Mihails Hazans) -- 50 ( 2002 . , , . . : . http://ssrn.com/abstract=971198 BT , (CASE) , , , . . 2005 2006 . , 3,4%. , 2004 2006 . , 1,7%. , -- . -- . 4,2% 8,9% 4,1%. , ( ) . 4,2%, . , 2006 . ( , 25, ) , , . . , . "" : , ( ) . 40% . 15 1997 . 46% 2005 ., , , . . 1,3 2,1% . , , , 2003 . (. . 1). 2004 . , , 1997 2005 ., (%) 10,29 , 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 , 2000 ., 7,1 5,0 4,5 4,2 1,1 1,4 3,8 5,3 3,4 12,2 14,4 2,5 23,2 3,1 4,8 14,2 14,0 8,1 . 2005 . 21,4 18,6 1,0 15,5 5,3 2,7 9,3 15,2 4,9 22%, 2006 . . : . 12 · : . 2006 . , 1997 2005 . ( /) , , , 14000 . , , . 12000 10000 8000 6000 , 4000 , . 2000 , 54% , 0 . , 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 . 15 , , , , 8 , : . . , , , , . , , , . . , , : , 31% , , . . ( -- , , ). , , . , -- 15, , , -- 83% , , 2005 . -- , . . , 61% . . , , , , , , . , , -- 2% . . 2004 . 2004 2006 . , . 2004 . ( 636 ), 1,7 , . , 2493 0,75% , 2005 . (). , . 1,5% 2007 . 3,25% 2008 . . , , , , , , , . , , , 27% 23% . : , , . 2004 . 250 000 . . , . , 20% , 2003 . , (Ewa Balcerowicz) -- , , CASE. , : . http://www.case.com.pl/upload/publikac ( 35 ) , ja_plik/13286555_sa335.pdf (Studies and : 51% 2000 . 61% 2004 . -- Analyses No. 335, 2007). BT Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 13 , , 1996 ., -- , , . , , -- . 1991 . 1996 . . 2000 . 2004 . , , , , . , , . . 2002 2003 . , 1998 1999 ., , " , " , , . 1989 1990 . . , , 2002 2003 . " 12% 31% " 10 , 1996 . 2000 2004 . 1996 1997 ., , , 2003 . . , , , , , . . , , . 2002 . " " , 1997 1998 ., 25, 0,8% , , , , 1% . . 1996 , , . 1999 . . 1997 . . : 2000 2003 . 1997 . () -- 8% . 2003 . 1997 . , , , 1991 . , , , , , , . . , . 14 · : . 2000 1998 . 5,4% 2003 . , . 2003 . , (, , ) , , , " ", , , 30%, , . , " . ", 1990 . , . , . , , 15, 1991 1995 . , 40% . 1992 1993 . . . , , , , , 1994 1996 . . . , , , , , . . . , , 1996 ., , 1990 . , , . , , , , , . . 1996 2000 . , , , . , , ( , . ), , , , 2003 ., , " . ", 2001 2003 . , . , . (Bartlomiej , Kaminski) -- 15 , 16% . ; (Fransis Ng)-- 4% 2000 ., 2002 . 2,85 2000 2003 . : , . , : http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. 3,1% cfm?abstract_id=922989 BT : 2007 . . (% ) 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 6,6 6,2 6,1 12,7 8,5 9,0 17,1 6,7 6,1 9,1 14,5 15,9 8,5 4,1 7,7 13,9 8,1 10,6 5,4 2,2 7,1 8,9 6,6 9,4 : Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 15 , . ? , (3,27% ), . , , , , . . . , , , , , , , , -- , , . . . 1990 . , . . , . 2002 . " ". , : , , , . 1997 . , . . . , , 1999 . 2006 . , . . 2004 . , . , , , , , , . . . , , . , , . : . , , " . ", 61% , , "", , , (53%). . , . , , , . , . ( ), , . , , , , , . , 2006 . 16 · : , , , ; , ), (Darina Malova) -- . , . , , , . , , , SAIS 2007 . . . . , 2000 . (Tim Haughton) -- ( . BT ? , , 2006 ., . , ( ) , . : , · ? " " , ? . · , , , ? . , · ? , ? , , · , ? , . ( ( ) , ) , , , , , , . 2007 . . , , , . . , , , , , , , . . , , -- . , , , . . ( . -- ) , . . , , ? ( , , ) , , . , . , 40% , " " 20%. 55% , , . . -- " ". . , , . , , . . BT Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 17 , "" 10% . , (, : 2005 . . 70%). , 80%. , , , , . , , , . , , , . 50% . . ( , , , , ). , " 10 " . , , , 2007 ., . 24%. , , . () -- -- . . , "" . 13% 2001 . 4,3% 2005 ., , , -- 25% 5,5%. . , . , , , , . . , . . . , , -- . 2004 2005 . , , 95% , 90% . , . , ( ) 15 , , -- -- : 30% 2000 ., . , (% , 1995/2001/2005) . . -- , , 80 10% 2000 2005 . , 74,3 1995 2001 2005 70 67,5 " 61,9 60 55,9 ", 50,3 , 50 43,4 . 41,0 " 40 35,7 34,8 28,2 ". 30 21,1 20 10 : 0 8+2, CZ EE HU LV LT PL SK SI BG HR RO 2007 ., http://www.worldbank.org/eu8 : , report. 1995 . , . BT 18 · 14,8% , . 2006 . 19% 18 65 50 . , 375 000 , , . . -- 6%, 15 . . -- 1,1 (), , . ? . , , . . . : , 6 30 35 . . . , 61% 14% , 2500 , , . (, ). . (. ). 30 35 . , , , . , . . . , . , . . . , 25% % , 167 , ( ) 2005 . 57 . . , . . . . 55,1 18,6 35,0 19,7 4,1 . 55,7 14,4 33,5 23,2 12,1 , 65,6 11,9 38,0 9,7 6,0 . 25 30 60,3 17,7 39,2 17,5 9,2 . 35 40 64,7 15,4 36,6 11,9 10,9 45 50 60,0 12,3 33,0 14,9 0,4 . , 55 60 51,2 9,4 29,9 : 10 732 . 8 992 . , , 72,5 26,8 56,1 5,2 16,4 , . . 43,6 8,8 22,7 19,3 3,6 , 61,1 13,9 36,2 14,8 0,6 Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 19 -- 2 % , , : 10 , , 25 35 . 18% , . . , -- . , . . , , , , , , . (, . , , , ), , 1125 . , -- . 29 . . 10,9% , 3,8% , 154 000 33 000 -- , (Zurab Sajaia) -- , . , , , 2,1 , 2% . , . , 14,8% . , . , -- . , . . 65 . "The economic cost of 1000 8% smoking: Differences in wages between , , . , smokers and non smokers in Russia" 4% 8% . , , . BT 2002 . 60% 18% , , , , , . , . ., . 2006 . . , , . 18 , . 25 60 , . ( , , ). , , . . , 50% 8%. . 25% (, .) . 4%. : (36%) -- , , , , 30%. , . 20% 21 28% . 25 . , , . 35% 38 . 26 300 ( 290 . ), 24 290 (268 : "Forgone earnings from smoking: Evidence for a . ), . . 8,3%. developing country", (Katheleen Beegle), , 35 50 . , . BT 20 · , . , , -- : , , 2005 2006 . 55 , , . . , , . , , ? ? , , , . , , 2000 ., , , , . . 2000 , . 20 ( ) , . . , . " " 2001 2004 . , , , , , , . , . . . , , , , , , . , , . , , , , . , ( "" , . . , , , ). . , . " " , , , , . , , . . . , , (. . " : "), · . ; · ; . . · , , -- ; ; . , · , -- , , . , : www.cefir.ru (CEFIR/NES . Working Paper No. 97). BT Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 21 , -- 35%. , . 100% , . . , 2001 . , , , . ( , . , -- ). , . , : . · , , -- , / . . ( 100 000 ). 11%. · , , , ( ). , . , , ( . ) 11 . , . 25% , , 17 , , 220 15 70 000 ( 2400 . ) . . , -- " ". , 50 10 000 , , . 400 360 000 , . . , , 2004 . , , (FIAS), , . 15 , 517 , . . , 1188 , ( ) , 2004 . . , , , , . ( (, 15 , ), ), . 34% , , "" . , . , , : 22 · , , , 11% . , . , , , . , . -- 4 , . . · · . , . . . , · , : . -- , . . , , . (Jacqueline Coolidge) -- , . , (, (FIAS) -- , , ), , , . "Survey of Land and Real , , . Estate Transactions in the Russian . · Federation". : http://papers.ssrn.com/ sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=958175#Pape " " rDownload (Policy Research Working Paper , . 4115). BT -- , , , ; 90% , , . . 2006 . . . · . , 2003 ., , , 2002 . . , . 2006 . 2001 . , 3 . . · , , 2004 ., , , . -- . · . , : . ( 1 3 , , ), -- . , 2003 . , . ( ) . , ( 80% , ) ; . : , , www.cefir.ru. , 2004 . 22 60 30 7 , 2006 . 30 30 30 7 (FIAS). BT Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 23 , " ", ? . . " " " ? , " , , . , , , , , -- . . , , , , , . . , 0,95 (..) . : " " " " 1,23 .. . , . , , . : . , . " , " , " " , . , , 6,43 1,23 .., . . , , , , , , " " , , , . , , , . , , , . , , 1993 . 2004 . 419 , , 11 , , (), , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , . , , . (71%) . , . , , " ", , . , . , . , , , , -- CEPII, , ; , (Emilia Jurzyk) -- . . , , . . ( ) . : . http://ssrn.com/abstract=965735. BT 24 · : ? -- , Raiffeisen , International . (. ). 17 . ? , 76 . , 1995 . , -- -- 230, 2006 . . , -- 193. , , . . , 12% , , , , ( ) , , (24%), (35%) , (65%). (), , , . . . , . "" -- 400 " ". . , , . ? -- ( , ), Citibank, ING HVB, , 1,5 , 2000 ., , , . . . . , , 2005 ., , , , Raiffeisen International "". . . , 15 . . , , , , 15% 2004 . 30% 2006 . 17 , 2006 . 65% , . , ( . , ), : , 2007 . Swedbank 750 19 . . , ( ) . , 80% , 70% , 60% , . 50% . 40% 30% 20% -- EERC . ( ) 10% (). 0% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 -- , EERC Millennium Capital. . , , . . BT Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 25 : " " ? , , " . " , , 17 19 2007 . , , , , , , , "" . , , , (). , , . , , . . : http://www.romaeduca , , tionfund.hu. . " ", . 27 2007 . , , . , 280 . 2007 2010 . , , . . : http://www.worldbank.org/eca/ke. . -- , 14 15 2007 . . , , , . . : ) , , . ; ) , . : , http://www.worldbank.org/mk. 2004 ., 25 . : http://www.worldbank.org/eca. 2000 ., . , , . 21 2007 . , , . " ", 2 3 2007 . . , . , . , , 26 · , , . 35 40 , 10 . 161 . . , , . . : http://www.worldbank.org/bg. , . : www.http://www.worldbank.org/ida , 8 2007 . . 4 , . 70% c 1990 2000 . . . (68 2003 .). 1990 . / 15 49 25 , 2003 . 0,90%. . , , , , . . , , , , 70% . . : http://worldbank.org/am. /, , , . , 15,5 . , , , . " , 70% . : " . , . : http://go.worldbank.org/IKYDS1WAN0. 2000 2001 ., , . . , , , . 1981 . : http://www.worldbank.org/eca/droughtstudies . . , , , , , . , . , . : http://go.worldbank.org/XDF661E1P0 BT Beyond Transition · -- 2007 · 27 . , http://econ.worldbank.org 40 100%. Vojislav Maksimovic, Asli Demirguc Kunt, Meghana Ayyagari . 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