71154 v2 Mongolia: Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 2007 GDP 2007 GDP 2007 Share 2007 Trade Membership No. of RTAs/ EIAs (millions) per capita in World Trade per capita GATT WTO Goods Services .. .. .. .. No 1997 0 0 Mongolia TRADE PERFORMANCE ‡ EAP Ranking Decile TP Low inc TRADE POLICY (TP) (out of 125) 54 5 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE) (out of 126) 87 7 TO EE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) (out of 181) 58 4 TRADE FACILITATION (TF) (out of 151) 137 10 TRADE OUTCOME (TO) (out of 161) .. .. TF IE ‡ Rankings are based on the "representative" indicators (in bold) in each group below for the latest year Outer bound represents best value in latest year TRADE POLICY (TP)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Trade Tariff Restrictiveness Index (MFN applied tariffs)& .. 4.3 4.3 * TTRI (applied tariffs including preferences) & .. 4.3 4.3 * TTRI Overall TRI (OTRI, applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& .. .. .. (MFN) Other trade policy indicators MFN applied tariff - simple avg (%) .. .. 4.6 5.0 * Applied Dispersion (coefficient of variation) .. .. 0.3 0.1 * tariff (wgt avg) Maximum rate .. .. 18.3 25.0 * Agriculture - simple avg (%) .. .. 5.0 5.1 * Import Nonagriculture - simple avg (%) .. .. 4.6 5.0 * duties MFN applied tariff - trade weighted avg (%) .. .. 4.7 5.2 * MFN zero-duty imports (% in total imports) .. .. 9.6 1.2 * Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - trade weighted avg (%) .. .. 4.8 5.2 * Nontariff measures Agriculture .. .. 6.0 6.8 * Nonagriculture .. .. 4.6 4.9 * 0 10 20 Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - production weighted avg (%) .. .. .. EAP Low inc Mongolia Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) escalation (finished% minus raw%) -0.1 -0.7 -0.1 * Agriculture .. -0.1 0.0 0.1 * Nonagriculture .. -0.1 -0.8 -0.1 * Import duties (% of imports) .. 2.5 .. .. Services commit. Tariff overhang (MFN bound less MFN applied rate,%) .. .. 12.9 12.6 * Bound tariff frequency ratio (% of total lines) .. .. 100.0 100.0 * Specific tariffs frequency ratio (%) .. .. 0.1 0.1 * 0 40 80 Non-tariff measures frequency ratio (%) .. .. .. .. EAP Low inc Mongolia Overall GATS commitment index (0-100, best) .. 23.8 23.8 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ MA-TTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.)& 1.6 1.6 * MA-OTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& 10.6 10.6 * MA-TTRI Other external environment indicators ROW applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - weighted avg (%) 3.5 7.2 2.8 1.7 * MFN duty free Agriculture 3.9 5.7 8.3 7.9 * (exports) Nonagriculture 3.5 7.5 2.5 1.4 * MFN zero-duty exports (% of total exports) 61.1 41.6 76.1 79.0 * Value of prefer Exports with FTA / CU partners (% of total exports) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * Preferences (EU+U.S.) utilization rate (%) .. .. 80.8 61.8 * 0 1 Lowest Highest Preferences (EU+U.S.) actual value (% of exports) .. .. 1.2 0.9 * EAP Low inc Mongolia Real effective exchange rate (% change,+ =apprec.) .. .. .. .. ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used(noted by *). For more infor., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008. ŸMFN: most favored nation; NTM: nontariff measures; MA: market access; ROW: rest of the world; FTA: free trade agreement; CU: customs union; WTO: World Trade Organization GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; WGI: World Government Indicators; ".." indicates missing value; RTA/EIA: regional trade arrangement / economic integration arrangement; & 2007 are preliminary estimates Mongolia Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) 2004 2006 2007 2008 Ease of Doing Business (rank out of 181) .. .. 55 58 Starting a business (rank) .. .. 53 59 Enforcing contracts (rank) .. .. 36 59 Ease of Doing Closing a business (rank) .. 118 38 Business Other institutional environment indicators WGI - Regulatory Quality (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.44 -0.44 -0.70 .. 0 80 160 WGI - Rule of Law (-2.5 to +2.5, best) 0.07 -0.31 -0.41 .. EAP Low inc Mongolia WGI - Control of Corruption (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.39 -0.49 -0.61 .. TRADE FACILITATION (TF) 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Logistics Performance Index (LPI, 1 to 5 best) .. .. 2.1 2.1 * Efficiency of customs and other border procedures .. .. 2.0 2.0 * Logistic Index Quality of transport and IT infrastructures .. .. 1.9 1.9 * International transportation costs .. .. 2.5 2.5 * Logistics competence .. .. 1.8 1.8 * Trading Trackability of shipments .. .. 2.0 2.0 * Across Borders Domestic transportation costs .. .. 3.0 3.0 * Timeliness of shipment .. .. 2.3 2.3 * Other trade facilitation indicators UNCTAD Shipping Doing Business - Trading Across Borders (rank out of 181) .. 149 156 No. of documents required for exports .. .. 9 8 No. of days process required for exports .. .. 7 7 Telephones Cost to export (US$ per container) .. .. 1,807 2,131 per 100 No. of documents required for imports .. .. 9 8 No. of days process required for imports .. .. 50 49 Secondary Cost to import (US$ per container) .. .. 2,889 2,274 enrollment Liner shipping connectivity index (0-100 best) .. .. .. .. Telephones and mobiles per 100 people 4.3 16.0 32.0 36.1 * 0 Lowest 1 Highest Average cost of 3-minute call to U.S. (US$) 7.3 4.9 .. .. EAP Low inc Mongolia Internet usage (per 100 people) 0.2 3.7 11.6 12.2 * Secondary gross school enrollment (%) 58.7 76.3 90.1 89.5 * * TRADE OUTCOME (TO) ## 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Real growth in trade of goods and services (%) .. .. .. .. 12 Exports .. .. .. .. 10 9.5 9.4 8 8.0 8.0 8.2 Imports .. .. .. .. 7.1 6 5.7 6.0 Other trade outcome indicators 4 Trade integration (trade as % of GDP) 108.1 131.8 127.6 122.7 * 2 FDI inflow (% of GDP) 2.0 5.8 9.1 8.4 * 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1995-99 2000-04 2005-07 2008 World trade share growth (%) 1.2 7.0 7.7 12.1 * Trade Growth Rate Exports 0.1 7.8 14.1 19.7 * Mongolia EAP Low inc Imports 3.2 6.4 1.9 4.9 * Merchandise share in total exports (%) 88.0 78.1 74.1 76.1 * Exports Share (2005-07) Agriculture 29.0 17.0 11.4 11.8 * Agric, Manufacturing 12.3 25.2 12.4 9.6 * Service, 11.4 Mining, fuel and others 46.6 36.0 50.3 54.8 * 25.9 Manuf, Service share in total exports (%) 12.0 21.9 25.9 23.9 * 12.4 Tourism 4.3 12.6 11.5 11.1 * Transportation 5.0 6.0 12.0 10.6 * Other services 2.8 3.3 2.4 2.3 * Export product concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 44.2 36.4 42.7 43.7 * Mining, Export market concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 61.0 62.1 76.2 81.1 * 50.3 Top 5 exports share (% of merchandise exports) .. .. 83.2 85.5 * Top 5 exports (SITC Rev. 2; 3 digit) ( 283) Copper ores and concentrates ( 287) Base metal ore ( 971) Gold (268) Wool (321) Coal ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used (noted by *). For more info., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008 ## Most outcome indicators (mostly through 2007) are from the WDI (World Bank, Data Group), UNCTAD or COMTRADE; for filling gaps and 2008, data from the Prospects Group are used.