97413




Institutional and Governance structure of
Oman’s Transport Sector:
Challenges and Options for Reforms.




                        Synopsis of a review undertaken
                        by the World Bank for the Ministry
                        of Transport and Communications,
                        the Sultanate of Oman
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Fh[\WY[$.................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Preface    $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ )

:_iYbW_c[h $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $..........................................................................................................................................................................4
Acknowledgement                                  $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ *

=beiiWho$ $..............................................................................................................................................................................................5
Glossary       $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ +

SYNOPSIS         ............................................................................................................................................................................................6
IkccWho0>emj^[jhWdifehji[Yjeh_ieh]Wd_p[Z_dYWi[ijkZoYekdjh_[i                                                                                                                                                                         $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ,

Summary         of Findings
'$J^[9Wi[IjkZ_[i                                         $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Recommendations......................................................................................................................7
                                                   $ $ $ $and
                                                                          $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ''

1. Background $to
($=el[hdWdY[                      $$$$$   the
                                             $$$$$$$      Paper
                                                            $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $......................................................................................................................................................13
                                                                                 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '(

   Background
   M^Wj_i]el[hdWdY[            ................................................................................................................................................................................13
                                                             $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '(

   What    is governance? ..............................................................................................................................................................13
   I_]d_ÓYWdY[e\]el[hdWdY[                                                            $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '(

   The  analytical framework
   IjWj[h[]kbWj_ed                             $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ....................................................................................................................................................13
                                                                                   $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '+

2. How   Oman’s Transport
   IjhkYjkh[e\fWf[h                                                      $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Works
                                                       $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Sector                    $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ..............................................................................................................................15
                                                                                                                          $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ',

   Oman in brief .............................................................................................................................................................................15
)$JhWdifehj=el[hdWdY[Wjj^[C_d_ijhoB[l[b                                                                                                      $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '-

   9^_b[$transport
   Road    $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$               ..........................................................................................................................................................................15
                                             $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '-

   <_dbWdZ$ $ $ transport
   Maritime            $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ..................................................................................................................................................................16
                                                          $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '-

   Public
   CeheYYe         $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ........................................................................................................................................................................16
             transport                         $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '.

   Planned
   Iekj^7\h_YW     railway       $ $ $ $ $ $ ........................................................................................................................................................................17
                                               $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '/

   Ministry
   Iekj^Aeh[W      of Transport                                     $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $Communications
                                  $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ and               $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $..................................................................................................................17
                                                                                                                                                 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '/

   Organization
   9eccedj^[c[i                                  $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ responsibilities
                                     of functional                                     $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $in         $ $ $ $ $ $ $sector
                                                                                                                                                 $ $ $ $the            $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ........................................................................................18
                                                                                                                                                                                             $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (&

         $ $ $ $ $ $ $ and
   Strategy
*$Fehji                              $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ .................................................................................................................................................................19
                       $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $policy                $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ((

   8WYa]hekdZ$ $ $ $ $ $and
   Administrative                                           $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ...........................................................................................................................................19
                                             $ $ $ $ $ $ $ regulatory                               $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ((

   Infrastructure
   Eh]Wd_pWj_edWdZcWdW][c[dje\fehji  provision ........................................................................................................................................................19
                                                                                                                                    $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ()

   Transport              service delivery ...................................................................................................................................................20
   <_dWdY_d]e\j^[fehji[Yjeh                                                           $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (*

3. Diagnosis
   FehjYedY[ii_edi       of Issues               $ $ $ $ .................................................................................................................................................................21
                                                            $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (+

   Introduction
   ;Yedec_Yh[]kbWj_ed             ...............................................................................................................................................................................21
                                                               $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (+

   Issues     of scope .........................................................................................................................................................................21
   F[h\ehcWdY[e\j^[fehjii[Yjeh                                                                         $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (+

   Issues of $structure
+$HW_bmWoi              $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ..................................................................................................................................................................24
                                                          $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (.

   Policy
   8WYa]hekdZissues             $ $..............................................................................................................................................................................25
                                     $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (.

4. Study     Recommendations .....................................................................................................................................................27
   4?fi`qfekXcXe[m\ik`ZXcj\gXiXk`fe                                                                                 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (.
                                                                                                                        

   Recommended
   4C`e\jf]Ylj`e\jj                      changes        $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $in$ $ $ $scope
                                                                                       $$$$$$$$$$$          ......................................................................................................................................27
                                                                                                              $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (/

   Recommended
   4IX`cnXpZfeZ\jj`fej                    changes                            $ $ $ $MOTC
                                                                        $ $ $in                              $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $..................................................................................................................29
                                                                                       $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ structure                           $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (/

   Recommended                              areas for policy review ..........................................................................................................................35
   Eh]Wd_pWj_edWdZcWdW][c[dje\hW_bmWoioij[ci                                                                                                                          $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ )&

   New   transport law ..................................................................................................................................................................36
   <kdZ_d]e\j^[hW_bmWoi[Yjeh                                                                $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ )'

5. Managing               Change ....................................................................................................................................................................37
   F[h\ehcWdY[e\hW_bmWoi[Yjeh                                                                   $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ))

            $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $planning
   Implementation
,$HeWZi                                         $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.....................................................................................................................................................37
                                                                                   $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ )*

   8WYa]hekdZand
   Leadership                                  $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $............................................................................................................................................................37
                                $ $ $ $ $ $ $vision                   $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ )*

   Task  force ...................................................................................................................................................................................37
   Eh]Wd_pWj_edWdZcWdW][c[dje\heWZi                                                                                               $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ )*

   Agency         mandates
   <kdZ_d]e\heWZi                               $ $....................................................................................................................................................................38
                                                        $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ),

   Selection
   4KfccifX[j          of$agency                              $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ....................................................................................................................................................38
                                   $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $CEOs                 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ )-

   Implementation
   4GlYc`Z$gi`mXk\gXike\ij_`gj                by stages ...................................................................................................................................................39
                                                                                              $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ )-

   Readiness
   4IfX[lj\iZ_Xi^\j      to adapt and                        $ $ $ $ $ $ improve.......................................................................................................................................40
                                                                             $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ )-

Annex   A Map of Oman’s Transport$ $System
   F[h\ehcWdY[e\j^[heWZi[Yjeh                                                                           $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ .......................................................................................................................41
                                                                                                                                       $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ).

Annex   B Recommended
-$FkXb_YJhWdifehj                             $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $   $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $Responsibilities
                                                                     Functional                               $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.....................................................................................................42
                                                                                                                                                                       $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ *&

   8WYa]hekdZ$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ *&
   CWdW][c[djWdZeh]Wd_pWj_ed$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ *&
   <kdZ_d]\ehfkXb_YjhWdifehj$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ *)
   F[h\ehcWdY[e\fkXb_YjhWdifehj$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ **
.$B[iiediB[Whd[Z$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ *,
Fh[\WY[
This  paper originated in a World Bank study funded as a Reimbursable Advisory Services contract with
J^_ifWf[heh_]_dWj[Z_dWMehbZ8WdaijkZo\kdZ[ZWiWH[_cXkhiWXb[7Zl_iehoI[hl_Y[iYedjhWYjm_j^
the Ministry of Transport and Communications, Oman. The aim of the study was to identify more efficient
j^[C_d_ijhoe\JhWdifehjWdZ9ecckd_YWj_edi"EcWd$J^[W_ce\j^[ijkZomWije_Z[dj_\oceh[[\ÓY_[dj
institutional and governance structures to manage the transport sector in Oman. It encompassed road
_dij_jkj_edWbWdZ]el[hdWdY[ijhkYjkh[ijecWdW][j^[jhWdifehji[Yjeh_dEcWd$?j[dYecfWii[ZheWZ
jhWdifehj" maritime
transport,            jhWdifehj" railways,
            cWh_j_c[ transport,  hW_bmWoi" and
                                             WdZ road-based
                                                  heWZ#XWi[Z public
                                                              fkXb_Y transport.  7l_Wj_ed and
                                                                      jhWdifehj$ Aviation       W_hfehji were
                                                                                            WdZ airports  m[h[
excluded  from the scope of the study.
[nYbkZ[Z\hecj^[iYef[e\j^[ijkZo$

The  World Bank has prepared this summary paper of the diagnosis and recommendations because the
J^[MehbZ8Wda^Wifh[fWh[Zj^_iikccWhofWf[he\j^[Z_W]dei_iWdZh[Yecc[dZWj_ediX[YWki[j^[
approach  taken and options explored may have wider interest and application.
WffheWY^jWa[dWdZefj_edi[nfbeh[ZcWo^Wl[m_Z[h_dj[h[ijWdZWffb_YWj_ed$J^[MehbZ8Wda[nj[dZi
_jij^Wdaije7^c[ZX_dCe^Wcc[ZX_dIWb_cWb#<kjW_i_"C_d_ij[he\JhWdifehjWdZ9ecckd_YWj_edi"\eh
Any   findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not
^_if[hc_ii_edjefkXb_i^_j$
necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank nor of the government of Oman. Neither the World Bank,
nor the government of Oman or the authors guarantee the accuracy of any data or other information
contained in this publication and accept no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use.




                                                                                                                   )
    :ck
    A  k
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               [ dgement
    This report was produced by a World Bank team led by Ziad Nakat (Transport Program Coordinator for the
    7MehbZ8Wdaj[Y^d_YWbj[Wcj^Wj_dYbkZ[ZP_WZDWaWjJhWdifehjFhe]hWc9eehZ_dWjeh\eh=99WdZJWia
    Gulf Cooperation Council and Senior Transport Specialist) and including Paul Amos (Transport Strategy
    J[WcB[WZ[h"<W^WZ8A>:7bcWhpekg@kd_ehFhe\[ii_edWbE\ÓY[h"FWkb7ceijhWdifehjijhWj[]oWdZ
    and  Policy), Robin Carruthers (Transport and Logistics), Asif Faiz (Roads and Road transport), Paul
    feb_Yo"H_Y^WhZ8kbbeYahW_bmWoi"HeX_d9Whhkj^[hijhWdifehjWdZbe]_ij_Yi"7i_\<W_pheWZiWdZheWZ
    Kent  (Ports and Maritime), Richard Bullock (Railways), Richard Podolske (Public Transport), and Fahad
    jhWdifehj"FWkbA[djfehjiWdZcWh_j_c["WdZH_Y^WhZFeZebia[fkXb_YjhWdifehjfh[fWh[Zj^[meha
    Almarzouq   (Transport).
    ikccWh_p[Z_dj^_ifWf[h$

    7doteam
    The       could
         ÓdZ_d]i"   not have produced
                   _dj[hfh[jWj_edi"       this report without
                                      WdZ YedYbki_edi         the^[h[_d
                                                        [nfh[ii[Z   excellent  support
                                                                             Wh[         and
                                                                                  j^ei[ e\   cooperation
                                                                                             j^[            of Ze
                                                                                                                Omani
                                                                                                  Wkj^ehi WdZ     dej
    counterparts, through the various discussions, consultations, and information provided.
    d[Y[iiWh_boh[Ô[Yjj^[l_[mie\j^[MehbZ8Wda$D[_j^[hj^[MehbZ8Wdadehj^[Wkj^ehi]kWhWdj[[j^[
    The       would
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    WYYkhWYo    Wdotherefore   like to
                      ZWjW eh ej^[h   express its YedjW_d[Z
                                       _d\ehcWj_ed  deep gratitude   to fkXb_YWj_ed
                                                                _d j^_i His Excellency
                                                                                      WdZDr. Ahmed
                                                                                            WYY[fj   bin
                                                                                                     de   Mohammed
                                                                                                         h[ifedi_X_b_jo
    bin Salim Al Futaisi, the Minister of Transport for his leadership and vision. Many thanks are also
    m^Wjie[l[h\ehWdoYedi[gk[dY[e\j^[_hki[$
    extended to Eng. Salim bin Mohammed bin Abdullah al Nuaimi, Undersecretary for Transport, and Mr.
    Said bin Hamdoun bin Saif Al Harthi, Undersecretary for Ports and Maritime Affairs, for their guidance
    and insights.

    The team would like to also thank Eng. Hanan Al Rahbi, General Director for Studies, and Mr. Affan Al
    Akhzami, Director of Planning and Development of Investment for the valuable discussions, time, and
    efforts they have provided to coordinate this study within the Ministry of Transport.

    The team would also like to recognize the valuable meetings and contributions it received from the
    Supreme Council of Planning, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the
    Ministry of Civil Services, the Ministry of Regional Municipalities and Water Resources, the Ministry of
    Legal Affairs, the Municipality of Muscat, the Municipality of Dhofar, the Royal Oman Police Oman, the
    National Transport Company, the Omani Road Transport Association, the Directorate General of Customs,
    Sohar Port/Free Zone Company, the Chamber of Commerce, and the Research Council.




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     READINESS TO ADAPT AND IMPROVE

     The reorganization should exploit the fact that an     possible that some of the changes recommended
     agency solution is more           than a statutory     in Section 4 will not have been realized at the
     authority. The problems presented by change            time of agency establishment; if they occur later
     cannot all be foreseen and it would be surprising      they will          agency functions and resource
     if                were not necessary when the          needs. Looking longer-term, Oman’s transport
     patterns of operation as an agency become              needs and demands will be constantly increasing
     apparent. Ideally a new royal decree would both        and changing so adaptability would remain a
     establish the agency framework and codify the          virtue.
     widened scope of responsibilities of MOTC. But it is




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            52º E                                         54º E                                                   56º E                                                      58º E                                                         60º E




                                                                                                                 Al Kasab          Kumza                                                      ISLAMIC
26º N                                                                                                            Bukha                                                                        R E P. O F                                       26º N
                                                                                                       To
                                                                                                Ra’s al-Khaymah                     Limah                                                       IRAN
                               OMAN                                                                                                      MUSANDAM
                                                                                                                                  To Fujairah
                                                                                                                                     -
                                                                                                                                 Madha
                                                                                                           To Ra’s
                                                                                                        al-Khaymah
                                                                                                To                                 To Fujairah
                                                                                               Dubai

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                                                                                                                                         Al Liwa
                                                                                                                    Mahdah
                                                                                                                                        Sohar              AL BATINAH
                                                                                               To                 Al-Buraimi
                                                                                            Abu Dhabi
                                                                                                                                      AL As Sahm              SOUTH
24º N                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          24º N
                                                                                                                                   BATINAH
                                                                                                                                               Al Khabura
                                                                                                AL Al Qabil                                            As Suwayq
                                             U
                                             UNNITED                                                                                NORTH                     Barka Sib
                                                                                              BURAIMI                                                                                             MUSCAT
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                                                                                                                                                          abal          Nida
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                                                                                                                                             (2,980 m.)
                                                                                                                                                               al Ak
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22º N                                                                                                                                                                        Ra                                22º N
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                           Fasad                               D H O FA R
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18º N       Sanaw    Makinat
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                                                        al al-Qara
                                                    Gab        Taqah                 Sadh                                                      GSDPM                                                 NATIONAL CAPITAL
   REPUBLIC                                               Salalah           Mirbat
                                                                                                                                               Map Design Unit

                                                                                                                        This map was produced by                                                     RIVERS
   OF YEMEN                            Rakhyut                                                                          the Map Design Unit of The
                                                                                                                        World Bank. The boundaries,                                                  MAIN ROADS
                                                                                                                        colors, denominations and
                                                                                                                        any other information shown                                                  MAIN PORTS
                                                     0            50         100       150 Kilometers                   on this map do not imply, on
                                                                                                                        the part of The World Bank
                                                                                                                        Group, any judgment on the                                                   GOVERNORATE BOUNDARIES
                                                     0                 50                   100 Miles                   legal status of any territory,
16º N                                                                                                                   or any endorsement or                                                        INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES
                                                                                                                        acceptance of such
    52º E                                            54º E                                                        56º E boundaries.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               MAY 2015




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                                                                                                              +-
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES