ELECTRICITY SUPPLY CORPORATION OF MALAWI LIMITED MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWI 400 KV INTERCONNECTION PROJECT RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF) REPORT MALAWI SECTION – FROM THE MOZAMBIQUE BORDER TO THE PHOMBEYA SUBSTATION (76 KM) Project #: 161-07023-00 JUNE 2019 MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWI 400 KV INTERCONNECTION PROJECT 0BRESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF) REPORT MALAWI SECTION – FROM THE MOZAMBIQUE BORDER TO THE PHOMBEYA SUBSTATION (76 KM) Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 June 2019 Report (final version) Proponent – P.O. Box 2047, Blantyre, MALAWI i REVISION HISTORY Version Date Description 01 12/06/2017 Preliminary Draft Full RPF Report 02 22/12/2017 Final Full RPF Report 03 24/04/2019 Final Full RPF Report, revision 1 04 08/05/2019 Final Full RPF Report, revision 2 05 04/06/2019 Final Full RPF Report, revision 3 06 17/06/2019 Final Full RPF Report, revision 4 Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 iii SIGNATURES PREPARED BY Ghyslain Pothier, biol., M. Env., EESA Deputy Project Manager WSP REVISED BY Jean-Marc Evenat, M.Sc.Env. Project Director, Administrator Reference to mention: WSP. 2019. Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project | 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report. Malawi Section – From the Mozambique Border to the Phombeya Substation (76 km). Report produced for Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited. Project #: 161-07023-00. 14 chapters and appendices. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 v PRODUCTION TEAM WSP CANADA INC. (WSP) Project Director, Administrator Jean-Marc Evenat Deputy Project Manager Ghyslain Pothier Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Specialist Social Development and Resettlement Specialist Antoine Moreau Social and Resettlement Specialist Marie-Andrée Burelle Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Specialist Andréanne Boisvert Survey Data Compilation Flavie Armand Communication and Community Development Specialist Francis Barbe GIS Specialist Valérie Venne WWEC Team Leader Kent Kafatia Resettlement Expert Mabvuto Phula Social Expert Sellina Mposa Biodiversity Expert and Archeological and Sensitive Jamestone Kamwendo Sites Survey Environmental Officer Precious Chaponda Public Consultations Sellina Mposa Kent Kafatia Jr. Secretary for the Public Consultations Olive Karonga Community Survey / Supervisor Jill Chikho Household Survey / Supervisor Linda Kachali Enumerator Innocent Makoza Henry Mbewe Griffin Mlima Shadreck Thabwa Chipiliro Satifano Alinane Tambala Lusungu Chamdimba Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 vii ABBREVIATIONS CBO Community Based Organizations CCF Community Compensation Fund ESCOM Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited ESIA Environmental Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan GVH Group of Village Heads HoH Head of Household Ha Hectare ICVL International Coal Ventures Private Limited km Kilometre km2 Kilometres squared kV Kilovolt LGA Local Government Area LRC Local Resettlement Committee m Metre m2 Metres squared MAIWD Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development MNREM Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining MVA Mega-Volt Ampere NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NSO National Statistical Office OP Operational Policy (World Bank) PAP Project Affected Persons PIU Project Implementation Unit PMU Project Management Unit RAP Resettlement Action Plan ROW Right of Way RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SAPP Southern African Power Pool TA Traditional Authority ToR Terms of Reference USD United States Dollar VDC Village Development Committee VH Village Head WB World Bank Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 ix DEFINITIONS Eminent Domain. The right of the state to acquire land, using its sovereign power, for public purpose. National law establishes which public agencies have the prerogative to exercise eminent domain. Land Acquisition. The process of acquiring land under the legally mandated procedures of eminent domain. Grievance Procedures. The processes established under law, local regulations, or administrative decision to enable property owners and other displaced persons to redress issues related to acquisition, compensation, or other aspects of resettlement. Income and Livelihood Restoration Strategy. The approaches used to assist people in their efforts to improve (or at least to restore) their incomes, livelihoods, and standards of living in real terms after resettlement. The income and livelihood restoration strategy typically consists of payment of compensation at replacement cost, transition support arrangements, relocation to new sites (if applicable), provision of alternative income-generating assets (if applicable), assistance to help convert income-generating assets into income streams as well as measures taken for income restoration or economic recovery so that the affected population can improve or at least restore its previous standard of living. Resettlement Action Plan. A resettlement action plan [RAP] is the planning document that describes what will be done to address the direct social and economic impacts associated with involuntary taking of land. Resettlement Policy Framework. A resettlement policy framework [RPF] is the planning document that is prepared in projects for which the specific resettlement impacts cannot be known from a project appraisal. Its purpose is to clarify resettlement principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied to subprojects to be prepared during project implementation. Subproject resettlement plans consistent with the policy framework subsequently are submitted to the Bank for approval after specific planning information becomes available. Stakeholders. A broad term that covers all parties affected by or interested in a project or a specific issue—in other words, all parties who have a stake in a particular issue or initiative. Primary stakeholders are those most directly affected—in resettlement situations, the population that loses property or income because of the project and host communities. Other people who have an interest in the project—such as the project authority itself, the beneficiaries of the project (e.g., urban consumers for a hydro-power project), and interested NGOs are termed secondary stakeholders. Displaced Persons. The people or entities directly affected by a project through the loss of land and the resulting loss of residences, other structures, businesses, or other assets. Relocatees, Relocated Communities, or Resettlers. Those groups of people who have to physically move to new locations as a result of a project. Host Community (Hosts). The population in the areas receiving resettlers is called the host community or the hosts. Project-Affected Family. Any family (household) that loses a home, land, or business interests because of land acquisition. Project-Affected Person. Any member of a family (household) that loses a home, land, or business interests because of land acquisition. Eligibility. The criteria for qualification to receive benefits under a resettlement program. Resettlement Entitlements. Resettlement entitlements with respect to a particular eligibility category are the sum total of compensation and other forms of assistance provided to displaced persons in the respective eligibility category. Population Survey. A complete and accurate count of the population that will be affected by land acquisition and related impacts. When properly conducted, the population survey provides the basic information necessary for determining eligibility for compensation. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 x Asset Inventory. A complete count and description of all property that will be acquired. Socioeconomic Survey . A complete and accurate survey of the project-affected population. The survey focuses on income-earning activities and other socioeconomic indicators. Initial Baseline Survey. The population survey, asset inventory, and socioeconomic survey together constitute the baseline survey of the affected population. Economic Rehabilitation. Economic Rehabilitation implies the measures taken for income restoration or economic recovery so that the affected population can improve or at least restore its previous standard of living. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Ensuring that all member countries are interconnected is a high priority for the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) and this is why, in the SAPP’s 2013 Annual Report, the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection was identified as a high priority project. On April 3rd, 2013, the Governments of Malawi and Mozambique signed a power interconnection agreement that includes two phases: (i) the construction of the Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Transmission Line from the Matambo substation in Tete, Mozambique, to the Phombeya substation in Balaka, Malawi; and (ii) construction of a second transmission line from Balaka to Nacala, Mozambique. The current report only considers the first phase of this interconnection agreement and concentrates on the Malawi section of the proposed interconnection line. The project proponent is Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi (ESCOM). Hence, ESCOM commissioned WSP Canada Inc. to conduct the RPF, which sub-contracted WWEC. This study refers only to the Malawi section, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RPF Based on the nature of the project envisaged, it is inevitable that activities will lead to either land acquisition and/or denial of, restriction to, or loss of access to economic assets and resources and therefore, ultimately, to compensation and resettlement of people. At this stage, the Project is not required to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan because the exact route of the Transmission Line is not yet finalized. A 2km wide corridor has been identified as the approximate route and the exact route will be determined after the design studies are finalized. However, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared based on a 55m proxy alignment located on the central axis of the 2km wide corridor mentioned above, and will be disclosed as a separate and stand-alone document from the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report. The RPF establishes the resettlement and compensation principles, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of the people who may be affected by the project. The RPF is prepared to the standards of the Government’s own policy on resettlement and compensation and to those of the World Bank, OP 4.12. Prior to initiating construction of the new 400 kV Transmission line, a resettlement and compensation plan must be prepared in compliance with this policy framework and submitted to the Bank for approval before any land acquisition, compensation, resettlement, or any other impact on livelihood occurs. The purpose of the RPF is to clarify the principles, legal and institutional procedures for resettlement and rehabilitation and establish the mechanisms (steps and institutions involved) by which the appropriate tools, screening and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), will be prepared and implemented to mitigate potential expropriation and resettlement impacts. METHODOLOGY The preparation of the RPF was done through a combination of literature review, field work and stakeholder consultations. Field data collection included completion of a 80% survey of households, private and community assets and properties within a 55m wide proxy wayleave. Consultations were held in parallel, with key stakeholders at national, regional and local levels at various stages of RPF preparation to orient its preparation and validate its findings and recommendations. In particular, income and livelihood restoration strategies, institutional arrangements, grievances and monitoring mechanisms benefited from consultation outputs. Recommendations are also made for RAP preparation methodology. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 xii PROJECT DESCRIPTION This Project will link the Cahora Bassa hydropower systems of 2,075 MW, in Mozambique to the 282 MW hydropower systems installed in the Shire River, in Malawi. Currently, Malawi’s installed electricity generation capacity is 351 megawatt (MW). Over 90% of this power is generated from the Shire River and in the past 2 years there have been generation challenges as a result of climate change effects (floods and droughts), resulting in intermittent power supply. The power interconnection is very much needed in Malawi, as it will address some of these problems. The Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection project is comprised of a 400 kV double circuit transmission line which will link the Matambo Substation with the Phombeya Substation in Malawi. The proposed line’s alignment is not finalized and this RPF has been prepared based on a 55m wide proxy alignment. The main characteristics of the proposed 400 kV transmission line are presented in Table 1. Table 1 Characteristics of the Proposed 400 kV Transmission Lines Technical Aspect 400 kV Line Total estimated length 218 km Length in Malawi 76 km Typical ROW 55 m Type of towers Self-supporting towers Tower spacing 450 m Height of the towers 44 to 53 m* Width of base 18 to 23 m Type of conductors ACSR Tern conductor Capacity of transport required at this time 1200 MVA per circuits Height of line from ground (minimum) 10 to 12 m * Regarding river crossings, it is to be noted that it may be required to be higher, depending on the river’s width. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS An analysis of the applicable legal and policy framework was conducted. The project notably triggers World Bank operational policy OP4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement) and the RAP was prepared accordingly. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT A public information and consultation process was implemented to support the development of the RPF. General objectives of this process were to:  Ensure the early and informed consultation of stakeholders at key stages of the RPF, in order to improve their results and increase the credibility of the process;  Ensure compliance with national and international requirements for stakeholder engagement and public consultation during ESIA studies for major projects;  Help to consolidate the efforts made by ESCOM in order to establish lasting relationships with affected communities and other stakeholders. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xiii Engaged stakeholder groups included the relevant ministries and agencies at national level, regional government, district governments, customary authorities, affected communities, affected households and NGOs. Three stakeholder information and consultation rounds were conducted through the development of the RPF. Those were planned according to key stages, or decision moments, throughout the study where the informed participation of stakeholders was expected to make the most significant contribution to the on-going analysis, namely the scoping stage (1st round), the assessment of the preliminary line route and of PAPs’ needs and preferences (2nd round) and the disclosure of the RPF draft report (3rd round). Stakeholders have highlighted the following key concerns and recommendations relating to compensation and resettlement processes:  Affected communities must benefit from the project, either through job opportunities, access to electricity or community development assistance (education, water and sanitation);  Recent resettlement experiences in the area with other projects have created very high expectations in local communities with regards to compensations;  Land-for-land compensation strategies are considered to be difficult to implement in Malawi because people expect money and prefer to look for replacement land themselves;  Compensations for affected municipal lands through public investment agreements;  Provide assistance, sensitization and follow-ups with PAPs to make sure the money is actually used to replace what was lost;  Compensate for land use restrictions imposed by the Project on private properties;  Empower women through information, sensitization and transparency. Compensation must be paid to “families”, rather than to the head of household. IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT Preliminary findings indicate that the project will impact households located in the surveyed area. Not all households will need to be relocated only those located within the wayleave. There are also secondary structures within the 55m wide proxy ROW that will either be relocated or rebuilt. In addition, houses that are rebuilt will be accompanied by a latrine and kitchen. Similarly, cultivated land, exotic fruit and lumber trees are also expected to be impacted. COMPENSATIONS The replacement houses that will be built will provide PAPs with minimum, sustainable living standards, which is considered to be the case of a house of 20 m 2 made of burnt bricks, with a cement mortar floor, and a corrugated iron roof (compensation cost 47,000 MWK/m2 in Mwanza, 50,000 MWK/m2 in Neno and 48,000 MWK/m2 in Balaka). If possible, affected houses will be rebuilt a few meters from their current location. The survey indicated that 17 affected households do not own land outside the wayleave, and therefore a new piece of land will have to be found and bought for the reconstruction of the property. A moving allowance will be allocated to displaced households. The amount necessary to compensate the primary structures is 105,426,392 MWK (145,416 USD). The reconstruction of these houses must also include sanitation facilities. Thus, the latrines construction to displaced homes will amount to 1,260,000 MWK (1,740 US). Provision of wood efficient stoves is required where kitchens are to be constructed, in order to reduce the consumption of firewood or charcoal and to create best practice examples within the communities. These stoves will be included in the resettlement package. In total kitchens cost will need 90,000 MWK (124 US). The survey also shows that households have secondary structures affected by the project. They are: latrines/bathrooms, kitchens and livestock shelters. The total replacement costs represent 1,676,000 MWK (2,315 US). Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 xiv With regard to the community assets affected there are one (1) church, one (1) cemetery and one (1) community borehole. The amount attributed to compensations are: 900,000 MWK for the church, 5,000,000 MWK for the cemetery and 4,500,000 for the borehole totaling 10,400,000 MWK (14,344 USD). Some of the households in the project area have fruit and lumber trees in the 55m wide wayleave. All these trees will have to be cut and compensated and cannot be replanted in the area of the line. This will be a permanent loss over the years. INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION STRATEGIES To limit impoverishment risk, adequate compensation level and implementation conditions are essential. The conditions include:  Sufficient time to find and evaluate their option and possible replacement land and organize the resettlement;  Support for all legal aspects of the transaction;  All “transaction costs” (Land Use Right) such as registration fees, transfer taxes, or customary tributes are to be compensated by the project developer;  Adequate control of PAPs’ use of compensations by project authorities through different mechanisms like progressive verification of land purchase will be taken. Additionally, technical assistance will be provided for at least a three-year period to help the impacted households improve their situation. This specialist will assess concerns, needs and the most relevant aspects of livelihood improvement with PAPs and local administration as well as it will propose improvement and support activities. This help will include the following:  Practical training courses on improved agricultural techniques;  Improved crop varieties;  Soil fertilization;  Small scale irrigation;  Animal traction and related equipment;  Post-harvest grain conservation;  Agroforestry, other relevant techniques. A moving allowance shall be included in the resettlement package as well as a disturbance allowance to cover time lost from other efforts in addressing moving and other activities associated with resettlement. Moreover, a special focus will be given to the livelihood improvement of vulnerable groups prior to the construction of the project. Vulnerable groups include low income families, women, child or handicap headed households. Vulnerable households will be consulted at the onset of the operation to evaluate their concerns and needs. Special help that will be provided include, amongst others:  Support to open bank account;  Help for administrative transactions (land titling);  Relocation logistics and other support for the physically resettled households such as:  Transport assistance; WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xv  Reconstruction advice (on materials, type of structures, etc.) to ensure the quality of construction.  Psychological support (information, counseling, discussion);  Special transitional funds specific to vulnerable households. The project will have many impacts on land use and on many households and the positive impacts of the communities are limited to jobs during construction. It is therefore required to dedicate some funds to general development objectives, with communities taking the lead in determining which project they wish to prioritize and implement as well as how the project should be implemented. It is proposed that the equivalent of 1% of the project’s total cost of construction (line and substation) be added to the cost of the project to finance the CCF. The CCF amounts to 353,060 USD, which is 1% of 35,306,000 USD. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS The Responsibility for implementation and monitoring of the RPF in Malawi is shared between ESCOM and the affected district authorities. In this context, and to encourage the coordination of decisions as well as application of the various measures in an appropriate way, ESCOM must consider the possibility of setting up an Environmental and Social Management Unit within the Project Management Unit (PMU) and a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to be responsible for the project RPF and implementation of the RAP. Furthermore, a LRC in the District Councils will be put in place and a witness NGO will be invited/procured to participate to the process. GRIEVANCES MANAGEMENT The objective of the grievance redress mechanism proposed is to respond to the complaints of PAPs in a fast and transparent manner, and to ensure that they have avenues for presenting and redressing their grievances related to any aspect of the RAP. The claims and complaints regarding compensation and resettlement issues will need to be brought to the attention of the village Head first. They will then forward grievances concerning the non- fulfillment of entitlement contracts, levels of compensation or seizure of land and assets without compensation, or temporary loss to the higher levels of authorities, as desired. The Grievance Redress Mechanism is expected to have two (2) interrelated tiers: 1) village/community level, and 2) district level. If all avenues have been exhausted without success, then the matter will be brought before the existing local court system for the administration of justice by the PAP with the help of the witness NGO. MONITORING Monitoring activities will be implemented and ensure that compensations are paid before construction began, moves are normal, adequate assistance is provided to vulnerable groups, all complaints are reviewed and resolved, the timetable for the process is met, the resettlement does not result in any new negative impacts or that these are well controlled, displacement and resettlement of people outside the line are well integrated in their villages without land conflicts and in conditions that respect the environment and other accompanying measures have been implemented. Monthly performance monitoring reports, at the beginning of the RAP implementation process and then quarterly, will be prepared by the PIU and presented to the PMU Environment and Social Committee. The arrangements for monitoring the resettlement and compensation activities will be aligned to the overall monitoring and evaluation of the proposed project, and will be the responsibility of the PMU at ESCOM. The PIU and District Councils will have responsibility for continuous monitoring within their jurisdiction and report to the PMU. Annual evaluations will be made in order to determine that PAPs Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 xvi have been paid in full prior to commencement of construction works, rehabilitation measures have been implemented, and PAPs have the same or higher standard of living than before. Objectively verifiable indicators shall be used to monitor the impacts of compensation and resettlement activities. These indicators will measure the physical and socio-economic status of the PAPs. In addition, an independent audit will take place at the completion of RAP implementation. BUDGET The indicative resettlement budget outlined comprises costs to be borne by ESCOM for implementing resettlement, based on results of data collected. While the actual budget of the RAP will be determined at its preparation, it is estimated at 1,905,572,600 MWK, or 2,628,376 USD based on a baseline survey of a 55m wide corridor. SCHEDULE ESCOM will prepare a full RAP report once the alignment of the TL is known and prior to the Project’s implementation. The RAP implementation schedule covers a period of twenty four (24) months including implementation of the CCF. It is important that all structures to be rebuilt and payments for compensation are completed before Project construction is commenced. This can be done progressively so construction can start on one end. This is to ensure that all possible barriers and encumbrances to the Project implementation will have been dealt with. The only RAP activities that are planned for a longer period (about three (3) years) are the monitoring and evaluation activities which are scheduled to be done once a year after completion of major RAP activities. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xvii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT ....................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 1-2 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................... 2-1 2.1 EFFORTS TO REDUCE IMPACTS AND RESETTLEMENT ........................................... 2-2 3 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS .................................................. 3-1 3.1 POLICY FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 NATIONAL LAND POLICY (2002) .................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 DECENTRALIZATION POLICY (1998) ............................................................................. 3-1 3.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.1 LAND ACT (1965) ............................................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.2 LANDS ACQUISITION ACT (1971) .................................................................................. 3-3 3.2.3 THE TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ACT (1988) ..................................................... 3-3 3.2.4 FOREST ACT (1997) ........................................................................................................ 3-4 3.3 RECENTLY PASSED LAND-RELATED ACTS ............................................................... 3-4 3.3.1 LAND ACT 2016 ................................................................................................................ 3-4 3.3.2 CUSTOMARY LAND ACT (2016) ..................................................................................... 3-5 3.3.3 PHYSICAL PLANNING ACT (2016) .................................................................................. 3-5 3.3.4 LAND ACQUISITION AND COMPENSATION ACT (2016) .............................................. 3-5 3.4 INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES ...................................................................................... 3-6 3.4.1 OP. 4.12 INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT .................................................................... 3-6 3.5 GAP ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................ 3-8 4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ........................................................... 4-1 4.1 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 STAKEHOLDER GROUPS............................................................................................... 4-1 4.3 CONSULTATION PROGRAM .......................................................................................... 4-2 4.4 RESULTS FROM INITIAL CONSULTATIONS (CONSULTATIONS ROUND 1) ............ 4-2 4.5 CONSULTATION ROUND 2 – ON THE PROPOSED LINE ROUTE AND PAPS’ NEEDS AND PREFERENCES ......................................................................................... 4-8 4.5.1 ACTIVITIES PERFORMED AND STAKEHOLDERS REACHED ..................................... 4-8 4.5.2 CONCERNS AND EXPECTATIONS RAISED ................................................................ 4-12 4.6 CONSULTATIONS ROUND 3 – DISCLOSURE OF DRAFT RPF REPORT ................. 4-16 4.6.1 ACTIVITIES PERFORMED AND STAKEHOLDERS REACHED ................................... 4-16 4.6.2 CONCERNS AND RECOMMENDATIONS EXPRESSED BY STAKEHOLDERS ......... 4-17 4.7 CONSULTATIONS AT RAP STAGE .............................................................................. 4-18 Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 xviii 4.7.1 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 4-18 4.7.2 STAKEHOLDER GROUPS ............................................................................................. 4-19 4.7.3 CONSULTATION PROGRAM ......................................................................................... 4-19 5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AFFECTED ZONES .................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................. 5-2 5.1.1 DEMOGRAPHICS ............................................................................................................. 5-2 5.1.2 INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNITY SERVICES ...................................................... 5-3 5.1.3 AFFECTED SITES AND COMMUNITY LANDS ............................................................... 5-6 5.2 HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................ 5-6 5.2.1 HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD ................................................................................................ 5-6 5.2.2 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION ......................................................................................... 5-6 5.2.3 INCOME AND PROPERTY ............................................................................................... 5-8 5.2.4 VULNERABLE PAPS ...................................................................................................... 5-18 5.3 ASSETS IN THE AREA .................................................................................................. 5-20 5.3.1 STRUCTURES ................................................................................................................ 5-20 5.3.2 PARCELS ........................................................................................................................ 5-22 5.3.3 CROPS AND TREES ...................................................................................................... 5-23 6 ESTIMATED IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 PROJECT IMPACTS ........................................................................................................ 6-2 6.2.1 PRIMARY STRUCTURES................................................................................................. 6-2 6.2.2 SECONDARY STRUCTURES .......................................................................................... 6-3 6.2.3 COMMUNITY SITES AND STRUCTURES....................................................................... 6-3 6.2.4 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND LAND ....................................................................... 6-3 6.3 IMPACTS ON WOMEN ..................................................................................................... 6-3 6.4 IMPACTS ON VULNERABLE GROUPS .......................................................................... 6-4 6.5 RISKS ................................................................................................................................ 6-4 7 VALUATION AND COMPENSATION ..................................................... 7-1 7.1 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA .................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 CATEGORIES OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS .................................................... 7-1 7.3 ENTITLEMENT AND COMPENSATION MATRIX ........................................................... 7-2 7.4 COMPENSATION ............................................................................................................. 7-2 7.4.1 PRIMARY STRUCTURES................................................................................................. 7-2 7.4.2 SECONDARY STRUCTURES .......................................................................................... 7-3 7.4.3 COMMUNITY STRUCTURES AND NATURAL SITES ..................................................... 7-3 7.4.4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND PARCELS ........................................................... 7-6 7.4.5 TREES ............................................................................................................................... 7-6 7.4.6 ACCESS ROADS AND WORKERS CAMPS .................................................................... 7-6 WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xix 8 INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION STRATEGIES ................ 8-1 8.1 COMMUNITIES WITHIN THE TRANSMISSION LINE’S CORRIDOR ............................. 8-1 8.2 LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION AND IMPROVEMENT .................................................... 8-1 8.2.2 TREES ............................................................................................................................... 8-3 8.2.4 MOVING ALLOWANCE .................................................................................................... 8-4 8.2.5 DISTURBANCE ALLOWANCE ......................................................................................... 8-4 8.2.6 COMPENSATION FOR LOSS OF INCOMES .................................................................. 8-4 8.2.7 VULNERABLE GROUPS .................................................................................................. 8-4 8.2.8 ADDITIONAL MEASURES: NON-FARM COMPONENTS ............................................... 8-5 8.2.9 COMMUNITY MEASURES: COMMUNITY COMPENSATION FUND (CCF) .................. 8-5 9 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR RPF IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................ 9-1 9.1 ACTORS INVOLVED AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ...................................... 9-1 9.2 PROCEDURES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...................................................................... 9-1 9.2.1 MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES, ENERGY AND MINING (MONREM) .............. 9-1 9.2.2 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY CORPORATION OF MALAWI LIMITED (ESCOM) ................... 9-1 9.2.3 MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, IRRIGATION AND WATER DEVELOPMENT (MOAIWD) ......................................................................................................................... 9-2 9.2.4 MINISTRY OF LANDS, PHYSICAL PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (MLPPUD) - THROUGH REGIONAL LANDS OFFICE - SOUTH ..................................... 9-2 9.2.5 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS (LGA)/DISTRICT COUNCILS ....................................... 9-2 9.2.6 LOCAL RESETTLEMENT COMMITTEES (LRC) ............................................................. 9-3 9.2.7 WITNESS NGO ................................................................................................................. 9-4 9.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT .................................................................................. 9-4 9.3.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (PMU) .......................................................................... 9-4 9.3.2 WITNESS NGO ................................................................................................................. 9-5 9.3.3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (PIU) ...................................................................... 9-5 9.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM ................................................................ 9-6 9.5 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY REINFORCEMENT ........................................................... 9-7 10 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS .............................................. 10-1 10.1 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 10-1 10.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES ................................................................................................ 10-1 10.3 PARTICIPANTS .............................................................................................................. 10-2 10.4 PROCESS ....................................................................................................................... 10-2 10.4.1 FIRST LEVEL: COMMUNITY LEVEL RESETTLEMENT AND GRIEVANCES REDRESS COMMITTEES .............................................................................................. 10-2 10.4.2 SECOND LEVEL: DISTRICT LEVEL RESETTLEMENT AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS COMMITTEES .............................................................................................. 10-3 10.4.3 THIRD LEVEL: TRIBUNALS AND/OR COURT SYSTEM .............................................. 10-4 11 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...................................................... 11-1 11.1 MONITORING ................................................................................................................. 11-1 Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 xx 11.2 EVALUATION ................................................................................................................. 11-3 11.3 MONITORING RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING ................................................ 11-4 11.4 EXTERNAL SUPERVISION............................................................................................ 11-4 11.5 RAP COMPLETION AUDIT ............................................................................................ 11-5 12 ESTIMATED RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND SCHEDULE ............... 12-1 12.1 RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND SCHEDULE.............................................................. 12-1 13 TOR FOR THE RAP .............................................................................. 13-1 14 REFERENCES ...................................................................................... 14-1 WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xxi FIGURES FIGURE 4-1 PICTURES OF MEETINGS WITH THE TAS .......................................................... 4-9 FIGURE 4-2 PICTURES OF PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES AND FOCUS GROUPS ......................... 4-12 FIGURE 4-3 PICTURES OF CONSULTATIONS ROUND 3 ..................................................... 4-17 FIGURE 9-1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR RAP IMPLEMENTATION ................... 9-4 FIGURE 10-1 GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCESS .................................................................... 10-4 TABLES TABLE 2-1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPOSED 400 KV TRANSMISSION LINE ........ 2-1 TABLE 3-1 GAP ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................... 3-9 TABLE 4-1 TARGET STAKEHOLDER GROUPS ..................................................................... 4-1 TABLE 4-2 OBJECTIVES, TARGET GROUPS, MEETING FORMATS AND IMPLEMENTATION PERIODS FOR THE DIFFERENT CONSULTATION ROUNDS ................................................................................................................. 4-2 TABLE 4-3 RPF INITIAL CONSULTATION MEETINGS - DATE, LOCATION, ORGANIZATIONS AND PARTICIPANTS............................................................... 4-3 TABLE 4-4 NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS - CONCERNS AND EXPECTATIONS ABOUT THE RESETTLEMENT PROCESS ........................................................... 4-4 TABLE 4-5 REGIONAL SERVICES - CONCERNS AND EXPECTATIONS ABOUT THE RESETTLEMENT PROCESS ................................................................................. 4-5 TABLE 4-6 DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES - CONCERNS AND EXPECTATIONS ABOUT THE RESETTLEMENT PROCESS ........................................................... 4-6 TABLE 4-7 WOMEN REPRESENTATIVES - CONCERNS AND EXPECTATIONS ABOUT THE RESETTLEMENT PROCESS ........................................................... 4-7 TABLE 4-8 LIST OF MEETINGS WITH TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES .................................. 4-8 TABLE 4-9 LIST OF COMMUNITIES WHERE LOCAL LEADERS WERE CONSULTED AND TAKEN TO THE FIELD TO LOCALIZE THE LINE ROUTE ......................... 4-10 TABLE 4-10 DATE, LOCATION AND PARTICIPANTS TO PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES ................ 4-11 TABLE 4-11 ANSWERS FROM HEADS OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS............................... 4-15 TABLE 4-12 DATE, LOCATION AND PARTICIPANTS TO CONSULTATIVE MEETINGS...... 4-16 TABLE 4-13 CONCERNS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON ELEMENTS OF THE DRAFT RPF REPORT ....................................................................................................... 4-18 TABLE 4-14 TARGET STAKEHOLDER GROUPS ................................................................... 4-19 TABLE 4-15 OBJECTIVES, TARGET GROUPS, MEETING FORMATS AND IMPLEMENTATION PERIODS FOR THE DIFFERENT CONSULTATION ROUNDS ............................................................................................................... 4-20 TABLE 5-1 NUMBER OF COMMUNITIES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT .............................. 5-1 TABLE 5-2 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS INTERVIEWED BY TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY............................................................................................................ 5-1 TABLE 5-3 ETHNIC GROUPS OF THE VILLAGE’S POPULATION ........................................ 5-2 Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 xxii TABLE 5-4 OCCUPATIONS OF THE VILLAGE’S POPULATION ............................................ 5-2 TABLE 5-5 RELIGIONS OF THE VILLAGE’S POPULATION ................................................... 5-3 TABLE 5-6 COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE VILLAGES......................................... 5-4 TABLE 5-7 WORKFORCE IN THE SURVEYED VILLAGES .................................................... 5-5 TABLE 5-8 SERVICES PROVIDED IN THE SURVEYED VILLAGES ...................................... 5-5 TABLE 5-9 COMMUNITY SITES AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT ........................................... 5-6 TABLE 5-10 HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ................................................... 5-7 TABLE 5-11 AGE AND GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS ..................................... 5-8 TABLE 5-12 LAND PARCELS CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................. 5-9 TABLE 5-13 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION – ANNUAL CROPS ........................................... 5-11 TABLE 5-14 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION – PERMANENT CROPS................................... 5-12 TABLE 5-15 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ................................................................................. 5-13 TABLE 5-16 SECONDARY SOURCES OF INCOME ............................................................... 5-14 TABLE 5-17 PROPERTY OF HOUSEHOLDS .......................................................................... 5-15 TABLE 5-18 CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIN RESIDENCE ...................................................... 5-16 TABLE 5-19 HOUSEHOLD ENERGY AND WATER SOURCES .............................................. 5-17 TABLE 5-20 AMOUNT SPENT FOR COOKING AND LIGHTING ............................................ 5-18 TABLE 5-21 FREQUENCY OF DRINKING WATER FETCHES ............................................... 5-18 TABLE 5-22 HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY .......................................................................... 5-19 TABLE 5-23 FOOD CONSUMPTION ........................................................................................ 5-20 TABLE 5-24 PRIMARY STRUCTURES IN THE SURVEYED AREA........................................ 5-21 TABLE 5-25 SECONDARY STRUCTURES IN THE SURVEYED AREA ................................. 5-22 TABLE 5-26 LAND PARCELS IN THE SURVEYED AREA ...................................................... 5-22 TABLE 5-27 CROPS IN THE SURVEYED AREA ..................................................................... 5-23 TABLE 5-28 TREES IN THE SURVEYED AREA ...................................................................... 5-24 TABLE 6-1 HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION BY TYPE OF IMPACT OF THE RESETTLEMENT, CROP AREA AND TREES IN THE FOCUSED SURVEY AREA ....................................................................................................................... 6-2 TABLE 7-1 ENTITLEMENT MATRIX ........................................................................................ 7-5 TABLE 9-1 TRAINING PROGRAM............................................................................................ 9-7 TABLE 11-1 RPF/RAP MONITORING INDICATORS ............................................................... 11-2 TABLE 11-2 RPF/RAP EVALUATION INDICATORS................................................................ 11-4 TABLE 12-1 ESTIMATED RESETTLEMENT IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING COST .................................................................................................................... 12-3 TABLE 12-2 ESMP AND RAP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ............................................. 12-5 WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xxiii APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 COMMUNITY AND HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRES APPENDIX 2 SIGNED CONSENT FORMS (COMMUNITIES AND PAPS) AND PHOTOS (SEE CD) APPENDIX 3 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES APPENDIX 4 DATABASES OF COMMUNITY AND HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS (SEE CD OF APPENDIX 2) APPENDIX 5 COMPENSATION RATES Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 1-1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT Malawi integrated the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) at the time of its creation in 1995. At this time, only the utilities of nine of the twelve members (countries) were already interconnected, that is, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The remaining member countries to connect were Angola, Malawi and Tanzania. Ensuring that all member countries are interconnected is a high priority for the SAPP and this is why, in the SAPP’s 2013 Annual Report, the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection was identified as a high priority project. On April 3, 2013, the Governments of Malawi and Mozambique signed a power interconnection agreement that includes two phases: (i) the construction of the Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Transmission Line from the Matambo substation in Tete, Mozambique, to the Phombeya substation in Balaka, Malawi; and (ii) construction of a second transmission line from Balaka to Nacala, Mozambique. The current report only considers the first phase of this interconnection agreement and concentrates on the Malawi section of the proposed interconnection line as per the terms of reference of WSP’s contract. This Project will link the Cahora Bassa hydropower systems of 2075 MW, in Mozambique to the 282 MW hydropower systems installed in the Shire River, in Malawi. The selected alignment of the power line corridor, concerning the Malawi section, is located in the Southern Region of this country, more specifically in the districts of Mwanza, Neno and Balaka. The power line has a total extent of 218 km, 76 km of which are in Malawi (approximately 35%).More details on the power line trajectory and the technical aspects of the project can be found in the next chapter. Currently, Malawi’s installed electricity generation capacity is 351 megawatt (MW), against a generation requirement of 596 MW, with a projected peak demand of 757 MW by 2020 (Malawi Government, 2014). Over 90% of this power is generated from the Shire River and in the past 2 years there has been generation challenges as a result of climate change effects (floods and droughts), resulting in intermittent power supply. The power interconnection is very much needed in Malawi, as it will address some of these problems. The Project is completely in phase with the Malawi’s power sector’s strategy, which includes “…(i) implementation of the interconnection with the SAPP network …; and (ii) expansion of low cost domestic generation capacity. 1.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Based on the nature of the project, it is inevitable that activities will lead to either land acquisition and/or denial of restriction to or loss of access to economic assets and resources and therefore, ultimately to compensation and resettlement of people. At this stage, the Project is not required to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan as the exact route alignment of the transmission line has not been determined. However, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared, and will be disclosed as a separate and stand-alone document from the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report. A complete RAP will be prepared upon the final determination of the transmission line route selection, based on geotechnical and topographical studies to be completed. The RPF establishes the resettlement and compensation principles, regulatory and organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of the people who may be affected by the Project. The RPF is prepared to the standards of the Government’s own policy on resettlement and compensation and to those of the World Bank, OP 4.12. Prior to initiating construction of the new 400 kV transmission line, a Resettlement Action Plan will be prepared in compliance with this policy framework and submitted to the Bank for approval before any land acquisition, compensation, resettlement, or any other impact on livelihood occurs. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 1-2 The RPF establishes the basis and mechanisms through which a RAP will be prepared and implemented. 1.3 METHODOLOGY The preparation of the RPF commenced with a literature review (technical reports, legal documents, scientific literature, etc.) where the key elements for the development of the report were assessed. Subsequently, the RPF was conducted through:  Consultations with a number of key stakeholders at the national, regional and local levels (see section 4);  The presentation of a provisional RPF report, including a preliminary assessment of the legal and institutional context, a project valuation and compensation framework, proposed options for income and livelihood restoration strategies, institutional arrangements for the eventual implementation of a resettlement action plan (RAP), grievances and monitoring mechanisms;  The presentation of the above mentioned provisional RPF report to ESCOM for comments;  The completion of a 80% survey of households, private and community assets and properties within a 55m wide proxy wayleave was targeted for this RPF;  The completion of socioeconomic surveys of communities and households whose land will be crossed by the wayleave in the same 55m wide proxy wayleave identified for TL alignment. The baseline social survey took a two-pronged approach – a focused survey and a survey of surrounding areas. The focused survey took place inside the corridor located in the middle of the 55m proxy TL route. This survey covered 80% of the households in the area. It consisted oftwo (2) separate surveys. The first survey was meant to assess the affected households’ assets and socioeconomic circumstances and the second survey assessed the community’s characteristics and assets that would be affected by the Project implementation. The two (2) surveys are presented together in Appendix 1 and the signed consent forms (communities and PAPs) and photos are presented in Appendix 2. To gather information on socioeconomic characteristics of the surroundings, a control group of households living outside the 55m wide proxy corridor and representing no less than 10% of the total number of affected households was also interviewed. This control group will be compared to the affected group of households in subsequent studies. The impact presented here is thus an estimate that need to be revised and updated at the RAP stage. A final 100% survey is required at RAP preparation stage when the exact line alignment will be known and approved. When this survey will be done additional PAP’s that may have come into the ROW after the RPF was completed will be eligible to the resettlement and compensation. The RAP survey will target all affected households and communities, as well as a property survey and valuation of private and community assets affected by the project. These field investigations (100% of the affected land and property) should identify the structures, parcels of land, crops, fruit and natural trees, tombs and sacred sites, and any other property to be affected by the project, within the 60– metre wayleave of the transmission line that will be determined. These community and private surveys should be conducted by specialized social and economic teams, and supported by certified evaluators. GPS devices should be used to establish the location and sizes of the land, structures and other assets likely to be affected. For this purpose, a demarcation work (mark stations) should be carried out by a surveying team before and during the surveys, facilitating the delimitation of the wayleave. Photographs of affected structures and their owners need also to be captured. Public consultations need to be conducted throughout the RAP survey and confirmation at the national, regional and local levels, as well as community survey and Focus Group Discussions with the PAPs in pertinent locations across the affected Traditional Authorities (TAs). Structured questionnaires, consultation guides and checklists, inspired by those used for this RPF, should be prepared and administered to effectively conduct these public consultations, surveys and interviews with each of the PAP’s household heads or proxies. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 2-1 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION On April 3rd, 2013, the Governments of Malawi and Mozambique signed a power interconnection agreement that includes notably the construction of the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection Transmission Line from the Matambo substation in Tete, Mozambique, to the Phombeya substation in Balaka, Malawi. This Project will link the Cahora Bassa hydropower systems of 2075 MW to the 282 MW hydropower systems installed in the Shire River, in Malawi. The power line corridor is located in the Southern Region of Malawi, more specifically in the districts of Mwanza, Neno and Balaka. The power line has a total extent of 218 km of which 76 km are in Malawi (approximately 35%). The proposed alignment was initially evaluated through the analysis of a 2-km wide corridor originating from the initial ESIAs of 2003 and 2004. This corridor was first identified between 2005 and 2016 prior to the initiation of the current ESIA and again, following a preliminary site survey conducted in July 2016 at the beginning of the Scoping phase of the current ESIA process. Finally, an optimized alignment emerged based on an on-site technical survey and on the results of the Public Consultations Round 1, completed during the Scoping phase. A RPF was prepared at this stage since the final transmission line route selection, based on geotechnical and topographical studies, was not available. A practical approach for the RPF and ESIA was applied by using the center of the 2 km wide corridor as a proxy alignment to conduct thebaseline social survey. The actual alignment and tower locations will be determined as an outcome of the geotechnical and topographical surveys leading to the preparation of a detailed design that will define the positioning of the tower footings. However, the exact alignment of the TL is not yet finalized. The selected alignment enters Malawi according to a northeast axis, less than 1 km north of the Thambani Forest Reserve of which it follows the northern limit for approximately 6 km. It then turns to the southeast to pass between the southern part of the Nankudwe Estate and northern part of the Michiru Estate. It continues towards the east, keeping this direction until reaching the southern side of the M6 National Road which it follows for 28 km crossing perpendicularly the new Railway corridor originating from the Vale Mine site and the S137 Road. After crossing the M6 National Road to the southwest of the community of Zalewa it follows the northwest side of the M6 and of the M1 National Roads until reaching the proposed construction site of the Phombeya Substation. This alignment has a length of 76 km in Malawi for a total of 218 km for the entire Project (approximately 35% in Malawi) (see Map 2-1). Table 2-1 presents the line’s technical characteristics. The following table summarizes the main characteristics of typical 400 kV transmission lines. Table 2-1 Characteristics of the Proposed 400 kV Transmission Line Technical Aspect 400 kV Line Total estimated length 218 km Length in Malawi 76 km Typical RoW 55 m Type of towers Self-supporting towers Tower spacing 450 m Height of the towers 44 to 53 m* Width of base 18 to 23 m Type of conductors ACSR Tern conductor Capacity of transport required at this time 1200 MVA per circuits Height of line from ground (minimum) 10 to 12 m * Regarding river crossings, it is to be noted that it may be required to be higher depending on the river’s width. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 2-2 2.1 EFFORTS TO REDUCE IMPACTS AND RESETTLEMENT Generally, to reduce impacts and resettlement, the line alignment is chosen to avoid residential housing, businesses or industries. This measure helped decrease the project’s potential impacts as dense urban areas were circumvented. As well, areas known to be occupied by individuals that have already been resettled in previous projects were also avoided. In addition, the proposed line route was modified to avoid private estates where there is a higher concentration of agricultural activities such as the Nankudwe estate. Also, as a general measure, where possible, project components were designed and re-designed to avoid or minimize impacts to known physical cultural heritage resources based on input from cultural heritage specialists. In some instances, towers and the line alignment were adjusted to avoid cultural and archaeological sites. Two significant modifications of the selected corridor were implemented in Malawi:  The first modification starts just west of the crossing of S136 road in Malawi and passes the Mwanza area to the south of the privately owned Nankudwe Estate. It consists in a section of approximately 10 km.  The second modification starts approximately 3 km west of the community of Tedzani, in Malawi, and is located on the southeast side of the M6 National Road. It concerns a section of approximately 12 km. The proposed modification at the level of Mwanza has two major advantages in comparison to the original path of the studied corridor because it passes to the west and south of the Estate, thus, avoids crossing it, and it moves the corridor away from the extending southern suburbs of the City of Mwanza, thus not impairing any future development. The proposed modification at the level of Tedzani avoids the crossing of the northwestern extension of this community and minimizes the crossing of cultivated parcels and of isolated households and farms. Furthermore, just before crossing the M6, the modification follows existing lines for its last 4 km, which limits the dispersion of the RoWs. Concerning the infrastructure, general design parameters were followed for road and railway infrastructure crossings. Towers will be located at least 30 m from existing roads and, whenever possible, crossings were designed at 90 degree angles. As for railway infrastructure, the railway’s RoW of 120 m was respected. The towers will be implemented to follow the minimal 15 m height for the line cables passing over the railway. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 675000 700000 Tanzania To Balaka Malawi Ch ita le 8325000 8325000 Lilongwe Mozambique Ntcheu Zambia TA Mpando District Lusaka Shown Below TA Phambala Balaka District Harare Antananarivo TA Msamala Zimbabwe Madagascar Pa lula Botswana Indian Ocean Phombeya Gaborone Substation Pretoria Maputo 0 350 km Yon am South Africa Laja T396 Ch ika pa Mozambique Malawi TA Ngozi Tsangano Neno Kasamba TA Mlumbe District District Matope 8300000 8300000 TA Dambe Neno Ngwen yama Boma M1 Do nda ER RIV Lisung we Kan doje IRE R SH IVE TA Symon Ch ika lema TA Chigaru Zale wa ER Sala fosi GW UN LIS S139 S135 Tedzani Ch itsotso T397 Mathoto Mbemba Lirangwe Nde lema Jo sep h Mko ka Nku la Nkoka Liyenda LU NZ U RI Zóbue M1 VE M6 Mwanza Ba ule ni Nsala watha R Boma Jo nathan 8275000 8275000 Da ilo S138 Mwa nza Kazung a Blantyre NANKUDWE ESTATE District TA Kuntaja Laund i Gon amwake Moffat Ch asesa Ca ntxusse TA Kunthembwe Ka gulo Ch apita Kasaph a Siledi Ju ly Senior Mulo ngolora Dziko lath a TA Kapeni Dzilima Golowa Mkulira Biriwiri THAMBANI MICHIRU TA Mlauli FOREST ESTATE S137 RESERVE S136 VER Kamba lame A RI TA Nthache Mwanza NZ District MICHIRU MWA FOREST File: 161_07023_00_FRPF_M2-1_063_MWI_affectedCommunity_170710.mxd TA Kanduku RESERVE Blantyre City T409 District Chikwawa Blantyre District 675000 MAJETE WILDLIFE 700000 TA Chapananga RESERVE Project Components 0 3.5 7 14 km FINAL RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF) Phombeya Substation 1:350 000 (Under Construction) Projection: WGS84, UTM Zone 36S EDM - ESCOM Interconnexion Mozambique-Malawi, Proposed Line Route River Malawi M2 Environmental and Social Issues Affected Community Assets Forest Reserve or Borehole Map 2-1 Private Estate Church Project Location and Affected Human Environment City Cemetery Community Assets in Malawi Sources: Airport Infrastructures Basemap : ESRI World Street Map International Boundaries: Map Library, District Boundary Primary Road www.maplibrary.org District Boundaries: OCHA 2007 Traditional Authority Boundary Secondary Road Proposed Interconnexion Line: Lahmeyer International (April 2008), Mozambique - Malawi Transmission 2017-07-10 Interconnection Project International Boundary Railroad 161-07023-00 Proposed Substations: Millenium Challenge Account (2015-12-17) and Lahmeyer International 3-1 3 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS 3.1 POLICY FRAMEWORK Clauses pertaining to property rights, ownership of land, and expropriations of land by agencies of the Government were originally drafted in two chapters of the Constitution of the Republic of Malawi: Chapter IV (Human Rights) and Chapter XXII (Transitional Issues). The Government’s power to confiscate, condemn, or otherwise expropriate property in Malawi is, according to the Constitution, limited and curtailed, being confined to the development of the public good or a national state of emergency, and even then only through the result of due process. Concerning individual property rights, Article 28.1–28.2 states that “Every person shall be able to acquire property alone or in association with others,” and that “No person shall be arbitrarily deprived of property.” Article 44.4 of Chapter IV details the exception to these and other related rights granted to the citizens of Malawi. Limitations on rights, specifically the expropriation of property, “shall be permissible only when done for public utility and only when there has been adequate notification and appropriate compensation, provided that there shall always be a right to appeal to a court of law.” 3.1.1 NATIONAL LAND POLICY (2002) The National Land Policy recognizes the Government's duty to protect the free enjoyment of legally acquired property rights in land and for that reason a landholder is entitlement to fair and adequate compensation where the Government acquires the owner's property for public use. The National Land Policy emphatically dispels the popular notion that customary land has no value and stipulates that compensation valuation for customary land, at the time of acquisition by the Government, should be based on the open market value of the land and all improvements on the land. The National Land Policy notes that the inadequacy of compensation is always a direct result of excluding certain items or qualities from the factors considered when determining value and delays in payment of compensation. According to Section 4.11 the land policy ensures that security of land tenure can be guaranteed on an equitable basis to all citizens in accordance with the statement that “Any citizen or group of citizens of Malawi can have access to land in any part of Malawi provided that:” a) Land is available where it is being sought; b) The person agrees with the land owner and the laws governing disposal of land; and c) The proposed land use is compatible with land use plans, environmental regulations and community land management duties and obligations. Land values shall be determined by open market procedures for customary lands acquired through compulsory acquisition by the government. The Ministry responsible for land matters has an ad-hoc resettlement policy which is usually used to help in emergencies. Usually the Ministry deals with matters of resettlement in relation to land redistribution. 3.1.2 DECENTRALIZATION POLICY (1998) The Decentralization Policy was adopted in 1998 and it:  devolves administration and political authority to the district level;  integrates governmental agencies at the district and local levels into one administrative unit, through the process of institutional integration, manpower absorption, composite budgeting and provision of funds for the decentralized services;  diverts the center of implementation responsibilities and transfer these to the districts;  assigns functions and responsibilities to the various levels of government;  promotes popular participation in the governance and development of districts. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 3-2 The District Council (City Council for Cities and Municipality Council for Municipalities) is an administrative unit which is created at district level by the provisions of the Policy and it comprises of elected members (councillors) with full executive powers as well as non-voting members (traditional and political leaders). Public sector heads at district level form a secretariat headed by the District Commissioner. The line ministries still retain responsibilities such as policy formulation, establishment of standards, international representation, law enforcement and inspectorate; and training/curriculum development. The policy, among others, empowers the local councils to make by-laws for regulating specific matters under the Local Government administration; it empowers the council to implement and facilitate development projects, to ensure development projects in their area are implemented in a sustainable manner, and to mobilize masses for socioeconomic development at the local level. Thus, District Councils are administrative entry points for any project implementer in the districts. As such, stakeholder engagement at the district level, as described in Section 4, begins with meetings with the District Commissioners. The District Executive Committee and the Village Development Committee are also established by the mandate of the Decentralization Policy, and they were consulted in the development of this RPF. The Decentralization Policy also provides a number of functions and services to be assigned to the District Council and under land resource utilization, the functions include valuation of properties, valuation of public and customary land, surveys of land, and enforcement of lease agreements as agents of central government. Hence, the District Council must be involved during the RAP development process and implementation of resettlement, compensations and, livelihood restoration. 3.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK In Malawi, land can be privately owned, publicly owned, or owned by the Government. Private land can be held by individuals under “freehold tenure” (ownership) or by Traditional Authorities, communities, families, and individuals under customary law. Public land can be held in trust and managed by the Government or by Traditional Authorities, but must be openly used or accessible to the public at large. Government land is typically used for a specific purpose such as schools, hospitals, or Government buildings. According to the 1965 Land Act, land “shall not be assured to or for the benefit of, or acquired by or on behalf of anybody corporate, unless such body corporate is authorized by a license issued by the President to hold lands in Malawi” (Part II, Article 4). The Government may expropriate land for Government use or redevelopment, but must pay a fair compensation to the land holder. 3.2.1 LAND ACT (1965) The Land Act 1965 mainly deals with issues of ownership, land transfer, use of land, and compensation. It recognizes that every person has a natural dependency on land and that it is therefore important that Government provides for secure and equitable access to land as a multipurpose resource and an economic assert by defining issues of security of tenure. The Land Acquisition Act of 1971 additionally outlines procedures to be followed for land acquisition by individuals or Government. The procedures include the steps to be undertaken for government to acquire land starting from issuance of formal notices to persons with existing land interests to payment of compensation for formal land ownership transfer. This has implications on the proposed Project in that all land for the Project especially for the pylons, work camps, etc. should be acquired following formal land acquisition procedures and that the people who will lose property or be displaced should be fairly compensated. Land Act categorizes land as customary land, public land; and private land. Proper land acquisition, as outlined by the Act will have to be observed where the land for the Project is an allocated land or is being used for other activities. Section 28 of the Act states that any person who suffers any disturbance of, or loss or damage to any interest, which he may have, or immediately prior to the land acquisition, may have had in such land, shall be paid such compensation for such disturbance, loss or damage as is reasonable. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 3-3 Section 20 of the Act also states that “in the event that the lessee surrenders the lease, such lessee shall be entitled to compensation in respect of the improvements effected upon the premises and such compensation is determined by the Minister”. Further, under Section 27 the Minister is given power to convert customary land into public land by a declaration in the Gazette where the land is needed for public purpose. However if the customary land is required for temporary public purposes, then the Minister may authorize such use provided the period does not exceed 7 years. During this period the land shall remain customary land. 3.2.2 LANDS ACQUISITION ACT (1971) This Act deals with procedures relating to the acquisition of land by either the government or individuals or developers from any form of the land tenure systems in Malawi. The purpose is to make sure that proper and fair land acquisition procedures are followed. Section 3 outlines that when the decision is desirable or expedient in the interests of Malawi, interested parties may acquire any land, either compulsorily or by agreement, paying such compensation as may be agreed or determined under this Act. This Project will increase access to diversified, reliable, and affordable supplies of energy; hence it is desirable and in the interest of Malawi. If a decision to acquire land has been reached by proper authorities, a notice is given to the affected persons with a clear explanation of the purpose of the acquisition, the area of land required and their right to compensation in accordance with the Act (sections 5 to 7). The Act outlines that compensation is entitled to the affected persons. However, an assessment of the land and properties has to be carried out to make sure that it is fair and also does not exceed the market value of the land (Sections 9 and 10), and it outlines the necessary steps for land surveying and land transfer following notices in government publication (Sections 11 to 14). Furthermore, in Section 17, the Act deals with the penalty for hindering land transfer. The responsibility of identifying alternative land for those affected people rests with their village headman, their traditional authority and District Commissioner of the district. The District Commissioner facilitates in transportation and provisions of necessary services on new sites of resettlement. 3.2.3 THE TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ACT (1988) The Town and Country Planning Act is a principal act for regulating land use planning and physical developments in Malawi. The aim of regulating land uses and location of physical developments is to enhance orderly spatial physical growth of human settlement activities. In addition, the Act promotes orderly physical planning in order to enhance optimum use of land and service infrastructures, protect and conserve fragile environmental systems in space. These objectives are achieved by guiding physical developments, and controlling building uses in designated zones with regulated planning permissions. Section 40 basically prescribes environmental and socio-economic screening for medium to large-scale development projects before they can be granted planning permissions under this act. Normally this screening is undertaken by local authorities and developers of proposed large projects before they can be sanctioned under this act. Sections 63-65 recognize the need of appropriate compensations to land owners in case of compulsory acquisition of land for public interest. Although the provisions indicate that compensation is at the discretion of the government, recent amendments to the sections have provided room for appeal to the high court by land owners in case they are aggrieved on amount of compensation on their assets. It is expected that there will be no cases of compulsory acquisition of land on the project. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 3-4 3.2.4 FOREST ACT (1997) The Forestry Act of 1997 affirms the role of Department of Forestry on control, protection and management of forest reserves and protected forest areas. In addition, the act recognizes the need to promote participatory social forestry and empowerment of communities for conservation and management of trees within the country. In this regard the act encourages community involvement in woodlots and management of forest reserves through co- management approaches. Section 86 of the Forestry Act has provided guidelines on values/rates for sale of both indigenous trees and exotic trees. These rates are gazetted, and are reviewed from time to time on a needs basis to reflect current values by senior government officials. The current values were gazetted in 2010 and are used so that those who are involved in forestry are paid reasonable compensations on their timber trees and fruit trees. In case the department has not reviewed the rates at the material time, the department of Forestry normally assigns an officer to value the trees for the purpose of immediate sale or compensations. Normally, the valuation of people’s trees is done based on species of trees, measured diameter of breast height and market price in kwacha per cubic metre. 3.2.5 THE MONUMENTS AND RELICS ACT (1991) The Act covers management and conservation of monuments that are of importance both nationally and locally. It also provides for proper preservation of monuments in the event that there is a change in the use or development of land. This Act also applies to situations where the removal of graves/graveyards is required due to a project’s land acquisition. 3.3 RECENTLY PASSED LAND-RELATED ACTS The Malawi Parliament passed some land-related acts in 2016 and will come into effect once gazetted. All these have been reviewed in view of this Project. 3.3.1 LAND ACT 2016 The Land Act 2016, makes provisions for land administration and management in Malawi and for all matters related to land. The Act also repeals the Land Act 1965. The Act maintains two categories of land, “private land” and “public land” comprising government land and unallocated public land. Section 5 (1) gives powers to ESCOM to own land in line with the provisions of the Electricity Act 2004. The section states: “Land shall not be assured to or for the benefit of, or acquired by or on behalf of a body corporate, unless the body corporate is authorized by a licence issued by the Minister in consultation with the President to hold land in Malawi, but this section shall not apply to a body corporate incorporated in Malawi in accordance with the Companies Act or a body corporate established by or under a written law which empowers it to hold land in Malawi”. Section 13 (1) provides powers to the minister or local government in whose Traditional Land Management Area the required land for acquisition is situated, to be served with notices on the same. It states that "Where it appears to the minister or local government authority that any unallocated customary land is needed for public utility, the minister or local government authority, as the case may be, shall serve notice on the Traditional Authority within whose Traditional Land Management Area, the customary land is situated..." Section 13 (2) provides powers too, for the said authorities, to grant temporary use and occupation of customary land for a period in excess of 7 years while such land shall remain customary throughout the said period and upon expiry of such period the authorities may authorize such temporary use and occupation for a further 3 years. The section further requires the Minister or the local government authority to give notice, publishing in the Gazette, and invite any person to which the notice relates, to submit particulars of his claim to the minister or local government authority within two months of the date of publication of such notice in the gazette. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 3-5 While Section 13 provides the powers to minister or local government authority to acquire or authorize use and serve notice for such use, Section 14 provides that "any person who by reason of any acquisition made under section 13 (1) or Sections (2) and (3) ), suffers any disturbance of or loss or damage to any interest which he may have or immediately prior to the occurrence of any of the events referred to in this section, may have had in such land shall be paid such compensation for such disturbance, loss or damage as is reasonable." The Act has therefore maintained the provisions (of the Land Act 1965) for compensations to individuals for loss, damage, or disturbance because of permanent acquisition or temporary use of land. Thus the Act provides powers to Minister or local government within which the required land falls to acquire or authorize its use as long as appropriate compensation is paid. The Act however, does not stipulate factors to be considered in the compensation process. Part II of the bill provides for the office of the Commissioner of Land, whose duties include: to administer land; to sign, seal execute, perfect, and accept grants, leases, or other dispositions of public land and surrenders; and sign and issue documents including documents of consent. In the event that the office is established, the Land Commissioner must be involved in the acquisition of Right of Way and acquisition of land process, during the implementation of the Project. ESCOM must also ensure that it gets proper documents of consent to use land and or transfer of ownership. 3.3.2 CUSTOMARY LAND ACT (2016) The Act has formalized the powers and duties of traditional leaders in land administration and management through creation of committees and tribunals to carry out allocations, adjudication and management of land and settlement of customary land disputes. Section 20 (1) (c) stipulates that a customary estate shall be allocated to a partnership or corporate body, the majority of whose members or shareholders are citizens of Malawi. Thus ESCOM, as a corporate body may acquire customary estate by normal procedure of acquisition. Subsection 2) further states that a customary estate shall be (d) "liable, subject to adequate notification and prompt payment of full and appropriate compensation, to acquisition by government in the public interest, in accordance with the Lands Acquisition Act". 3.3.3 PHYSICAL PLANNING ACT (2016) The Act seeks to provide, for all matters connected, physical planning. It makes provision for orderly and progressive development of land both in the urban and rural areas. Part VII (Sections 64 to 67) provides for the acquisition of land and compensation in accordance with the provisions of Land Acquisition and Compensation Act to be where it is desirable to acquire land compulsorily. 3.3.4 LAND ACQUISITION AND COMPENSATION ACT (2016) When gazetted, this will be a Principal Act dealing with land acquisition and compensation in Malawi. The Act provides powers to Minister or local government authority to acquire land for public utility either compulsorily or by agreement and pay appropriate compensation thereof. Section 4 provides powers to the acquiring authority to enter, dig, clear, set out and mark the boundaries of the proposed land, do all other acts necessary to ascertain whether the land is or may be suitable, provided such entry is preceded by a notice to the occupier 7 days before and the acquiring authority is ready to pay for the damage done by the persons entering such land. Part IIA provides for compensation assessment and matters to be considered. Section 9 states that the acquiring authority shall pay appropriate compensation and that shall be in one lump sum. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 3-6 Section 10 lists the grounds for compensation being: loss of occupational rights, loss of land, loss of structure, loss of business, relocation costs, loss of good will, costs of professional costs, injurious affection, nuisance, loss or reduction of tenure or disturbance. Section 10A lays down matters to be taken into consideration in assessing compensation for alienated land and matters to be disregarded when calculating compensation. Section 11 brings in matters of injurious affection and the need to consider environmental impact of the Project and depreciation. 3.4 INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES 3.4.1 OP. 4.12 INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT The main objectives of the WB Resettlement Policy (OP 4.12) are to: i) avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement whenever feasible; ii) develop resettlement activities as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the displaced persons to share in project benefits; iii) meaningfully consult displaced persons and give them opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs; iv) assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher; v) This policy is usually applied for projects that require international financing. The World Bank OP 4.12, Annex A (Paragraphs 17-31), describes the scope (level of detail) and the elements that a resettlement plan should include. According to the World Bank, a resettlement action may include: (i) the loss of land or physical structures on the land, including business; (ii) the physical movement; and (iii) the economic rehabilitation of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) in order to improve (or at least restore) the levels of income or life prevailing before the action causing the resettlement has taken place. Where resettlement is unavoidable, the bank has provided the following guiding principles in order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives: Preparation of a resettlement policy framework and resettlement action plan that ensures that displaced people are:  Informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement.  Consulted on, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives.  Provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets attributable directly to the Project.  Provided assistance (such as moving allowances) during relocation.  Provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or, as required, agricultural sites for which a combination of productive potential, locational advantages, and other factors are at least equivalent to the advantages of the old site.  Offered support after displacement, for a transition period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living.  Provided with development assistance, in addition to compensation such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 3-7 The policy also advocates that:  Particular attention should be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaced, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation.  Implementation of resettlement activities should be linked to the implementation of the investment component of the Project to ensure that displacement or restriction of access does not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. These measures include provision of compensation and of other assistance required for relocation, prior to displacement, and preparation and provision of resettlement sites with adequate facilities, where required. In particular, taking of land and related assets may take place only after compensation has been paid and, where applicable, resettlement sites and moving allowances have been provided to the displaced persons.  Displaced persons and their communities, and any host communities receiving them, are provided with timely and relevant information, consulted on resettlement options, and offered opportunities to participate in planning, implementing, and monitoring resettlement. Appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms are established for these groups.  In new resettlement sites or host communities, infrastructure and public services are provided as necessary to improve, restore, or maintain accessibility and levels of service for the displaced persons and host communities. Alternative or similar resources are provided to compensate for the loss of access to community resources (such as fishing areas, grazing areas, fuel, or fodder).  Patterns of community organization appropriate to the new circumstances are based on choices by the displaced persons. To the extent possible, the existing social and cultural institutions of resettled people and any host communities are preserved and the preferences of the resettled people with respect to relocating in pre-existing communities and groups are honored. The policy also sets out the following guiding principles on which to base the criteria for determining eligibility for compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation assistance measures for PAPs:  Persons that have formal legal rights to land, including customary and traditional; and religious rights recognized under the laws of Malawi.  Persons who do not have formal legal rights to land or assets at the time the survey begins; but have a recognized claim to such land or assets through the national and customary laws of Malawi. This class of people includes those that come from outside the country and have been given land by the local authorities to settle, and/or to occupy in matrimonial society.  Persons who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying, using or getting their livelihood from. This class of people includes those that settle at a place on semi- permanent basis, or those settling at a place without any formal grant or authority. PAPs classified under paragraph (i) and (ii) shall be provided compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation assistance for the land, buildings or fixed assets on the land and buildings taken by the Project. The compensation shall be in accordance with the provisions of this RPF and if PAPs occupied the Project area prior to the cut-off date (date of commencement of the survey). Persons covered under sub-paragraph (iii) above are to be provided with compensation for the improvements on the land. In addition, they have to be given the necessary assistance to satisfy the provisions set out in this Project, if they occupy the Project area prior to the established cut-off date. Communities including districts, towns, neighborhoods and villages permanently losing land, resources and/or access to assets shall be eligible for compensation. Compensation to communities will include for example: public toilets, market places, car parks and health posts or other appropriate compensation chosen by the community. Compensation measures shall ensure that pre-resettlement socioeconomic status of the communities are restored or improved. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 3-8 WB OP 4.12 (12a) states that payment of cash compensation for lost assets may be appropriate where livelihoods are land-based but only when the land taken for the project is a small fraction (less than 20%) of the affected asset and the residual is economically viable. 3.4.1.1 RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK According to the World Bank OP 4.12, the purpose of the policy framework is to clarify resettlement principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied when specific planning information of a project is not available. It needs to cover the following elements:  A brief description of the Project and components for which land acquisition and resettlement are required, and an explanation of why a resettlement plan as described in paras. 2-21 or an abbreviated plan as described in para. 22 cannot be prepared by Project appraisal;  Principles and objectives governing resettlement preparation and implementation;  A description of the process for preparing and approving resettlement plans;  Estimated population displacement and likely categories of displaced persons, to the extent feasible;  Eligibility criteria for defining various categories of displaced persons;  A legal framework reviewing the fit between borrower laws and regulations and Bank policy requirements and measures proposed to bridge any gaps between them;  Methods of valuing affected assets;  Impact Mitigation and the Entitlement Matrix;  Organizational procedures for delivery of entitlements, including, for projects involving private sector intermediaries, the responsibilities of the financial intermediary, the government, and the private developer;  A description of the implementation process, linking resettlement implementation to civil works;  A description of grievance redress mechanisms;  A description of the arrangements for funding resettlement, including the preparation and review of cost estimates, the flow of funds, and contingency arrangements;  A description of mechanisms for consultations with, and participation of, displaced persons in planning, implementation, and monitoring;  Arrangements for monitoring by the implementing agency and, if required, by independent monitors. 3.5 GAP ANALYSIS The following table highlights the main differences between Malawi’s national legislation and the WB operating procedures. Recommendations are made to bridge the gap between the two. In case of conflict between national legislation of Malawi and World Bank safeguards policies, the latter will prevail. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 3-9 Table 3-1 Gap Analysis Evaluated Components National Legislation World Bank OP 4.12 Required Measures to Bridge the Gap RESETTLEMENT TOPICS Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to Develop a Stakeholder Engagement Plan as part of the RPF, and undertake consultations which will be Stakeholder consultation N/A participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. PAPs should be updated for key project stages of (i) RAP preparation; (ii) implementation and (iii) monitoring & consulted throughout the process and a Stakeholder Engagement Plan prepared. evaluation. Requires that resettlement be avoided, and where not possible, minimized to the extent Include line optimization measures to minimize of displacement in project design and document them in Minimization of displacement N/A possible. RPF. Comprehensive survey survey of PAPs and their income & assets for RAP preparation A household survey and socio-economic surveys of all affected households using meaningful are required detailing demographic and socio-economic characteristics of communities Baseline surveys N/A indicators, together with asset surveys is done here for the purpose of developing appropriate and households, as well as asset inventories, for the development of appropriate resettlement and livelihood restoration measures. The survey will be updated for RAP implementation. compensation, resettlement and livelihood measures, as well as M&E. Survey will be conducted and cut-off date will be established at the beginning of survey & agreed upon Requires that a Cut-Off Date is ideally agreed between parties. Normally this cut-off Entitlement cut-off-date N/A with PAPs at the RAP stage. The cut-off date does not preclude continued farming, and this will be date is the date the survey begins clearly communicated. In-kind compensation is preferred, in order to ensure PAPs are adequately rehoused The RAP will include consultation with PAPs on potential in-kind replacement as an option for housing. and reestablished, due to the risks associated with cash compensation. An analysis will be undertaken for proportion of land impacted per landowner/farmer. Where this is Compensation choices N/A Cash compensation may be appropriate when impacts are minimal (less than 20% of significant, efforts will be made to offer replacement land and/or develop comprehensive livelihood land holdings). assistance. Payment of compensation and Compensation should be paid before resettlement, and PAPs should be assisted to Payment of compensation will occur before relocation, but timed so as not to force early relocation N/A moves open bank accounts as required, accompanied by financial management training. before all livelihood and vulnerable assistance measures are in place. Minister or the local government authority must give notice of acquisition for public purpose in the Gazette, and invite any person to which the notice The RFP detail a grievance procedure which will be accessible to all PAPs and allow grievances in Complaints & Grievance mechanisms should be put in places which are accessible, Grievances management relates, to submit particulars of his claim to the minister or local government relation to all aspects of the Project at all stages, while ensuring compatibility with national law and without cost and restitution free. authority within two months of the date of publication of such notice in the traditional mechanisms. Gazette. Monitoring and evaluation activities should be integrated into the overall project management process, and the RAP must provide a coherent monitoring plan that This RPF details an M&E Plan involving participation of stakeholders, which will continue for the Monitoring and evaluation N/A identifies organizational responsibilities, methodology, and the schedule for monitoring duration of implementation and livelihood restoration measures. and reporting. INDEMNISATION/COMPENSATION All land acquired by the project will be compensated with land-for land or at replacement value ( Compensations in kind are required. Assistance should be provided for the restoration including transaction cost and taxes) Compensations for land or arrangement lands for land replacement/in-kind of productivity and achieving production levels (at least equivalent to the land Lands compensation for private land. No compensation is made for customary land. replaced).The cash compensation is possible if the affected lands account for less than Land acquisition in the ROW is not planned except pylon bases since the ROW can be used for farming 20% of the household’s land. (no trees are allowed). However, any missed crop cycle due to restricted access during construction should be compensated for. Compensation in kind based on the full replacement value with improvement to reach minimum standards (cement floor, tin roof, earth and cement or concrete blocks walls, separate cement latrine) as well as all transaction costs. The customer will provide to physically displaced people a choice of PAPs can choose between receiving compensations in cash or in kind. Compensation options for adequate housing (with minimum legal requirements) with security of tenure on an Buildings (houses, annexes and Compensations in cash (determined by District Council) at depreciated infrastructure land. should be based on the present replacement cost, without depreciation, as well as all other affected property) replacement cost and market value in rural and urban areas respectively. transaction costs (taxes, permits, etc.). The PAP may receive cash compensation for reconstruction through carefully planned installments at each step of the reconstruction process. Community structures should also be replaced at full market value without depreciation. If shrines and graves are encountered, the promoter will pay for necessary ceremonial and resettlement costs. The law is silent. But the practice has it that for perennial crops, consideration is given to the average productive period, price per kg, yield per year per tree Crop compensation at replacement cost of the lost production. or crop and establishment cost; or duration before production, price/kg, yield For perennial crops, compensation shall take into account the production delivery time. For perennial crops and trees, compensation considers the production delivery time (period required to Crops and trees per plant/year plus establishment cost. For annual crops, the land offered as compensation allows the restoration of reach maturity for trees, or production for perennial crops). production. For annual crops, they are allowed to be harvested or compensated based For annual crops, the land offered as compensation is fertile enough to allow restoration of production. on the highest market price, land size, and yield per hectare. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 3-10 Evaluated Components National Legislation World Bank OP 4.12 Required Measures to Bridge the Gap Resettlement program allowing all relevant PAPs including affected informal groups to gain full trade income flow. Compensation offered for the recovery cost of commercial activities elsewhere, the loss of net income Resettlement program that allows the owner to gain full trade income flow (replacement Economic Impact (loss of income) N/A during the transition period; and transfer fees and relocation of the plant, machinery or other equipment, of infrastructure, working site, lost profit and any other transition losses). as applicable (for all relevant PAPs including affected informal groups). Provide replacement property of equal or greater value, or cash compensation at full replacement to cost to all relevant PAPs including affected informal groups. PAPs should, in addition to the relocation allowance, receive assistance in their PAPs should, in addition to the relocation allowance, receive assistance in their resettlement and Assistance to resettled PAPs N/A resettlement and monitoring thereafter. monitoring thereafter to improve their standard of living on another suitable site. Displaced persons shall be offered support after displacement, for a transition period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their Provision of different restoration packages required for each of the various categories of PAPs and will Livelihood restoration, additional livelihood and standards of living; and provided with development assistance, such as depend on the type and magnitude of loss suffered, the vulnerability level of the PAP’s household, the assistance and vulnerable N/A land preparation, credit facilities, training, in addition to the compensation they receive. indicated preferences associated to their family characteristics and other relevant circumstances. See assistance They will be given assistance for their efforts to improve their living standards or to at chapter 8 for details on eligible groups. least restore them to the highest standard between pre-displacement or standards prevailing prior to the beginning of the project implementation. ELIGIBILITY Legal or customary owners of land Eligible. Eligible. Eligible. and titled land Relocation assistance and compensation for loss of assets (other than land), and support for the Illegal occupants Not eligible. Relocation assistance and compensation for loss of assets (other than land). resumption of activities, if any. They must be compensated, whatever the type of legal recognition of their land tenure Compensation for whatever the type of legal recognition of the land tenure, and support for the Tenants N/A (formal or informal). resumption of activities, if any. 1-World Bank, Operational Policies 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement, Revised 2013 2-African Development Bank, Involuntary Resettlement Policy, 2003 3-European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Environmental and Social Policy, 2014 Note: Where there is a conflict between National Legislation and World Bank Operational Policies, the latter takes precedence WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-1 4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT This chapter outlines the public information and consultation process conducted in Malawi to support the development of the RPF for the Mozambique–Malawi Power Interconnection Project. The process implemented by the consultant to enable the informed consultation and participation of stakeholders in the development of the study is first described. The stakeholders reached at the different stages, as well as their concerns, expectations and recommendations in view of the compensation and resettlement process are reported. Finally, indications are provided on how stakeholders’ inputs have influenced the study’s final recommendations. 4.1 OBJECTIVES General stakeholder engagement objectives for this study were to:  facilitate the informed participation of the affected communities, authorities and other stakeholders in the development of the RPF in order to improve the proposed compensation and resettlement strategies and increase their credibility and support from stakeholders;  develop a thorough understanding of national requirements, practices and expectations for compensation and resettlement processes;  ensure that the RPF development process helps to consolidate the efforts made by ESCOM in order to establish lasting relationships with affected communities and other stakeholders. 4.2 STAKEHOLDER GROUPS Stakeholder groups for the RPF development process are identified and briefly described in Table 4-1. A comprehensive list of Project stakeholder organizations is provided in Appendix 3-1. Table 4-1 Target Stakeholder Groups Stakeholder Groups Description Includes ESCOM’s environmental and social unit and the regulatory bodies for the different aspects of Central Ministries and the resettlement process: Lands and Valuation, Environment, Agriculture, Physical Planning, Gender national agencies and Human Rights. Government Regional Includes the following Regional services, which will be involved in the supervision and implementation services – Southern of specific aspects of the resettlement process: Agriculture, Forestry, Lands, Physical Planning, Region Gender and Social Welfare. District Councils District Commissioners and Officers from the affected Districts (Mwanza, Neno and Balaka). Traditional authorities (TAs) are highly influential over land issues in the study area and are expected to Traditional authorities play a key role in the search for replacement lands. Five TAs are affected by the line route: TA Kanduku, TA Nthache, TA Mlauli, TA Symon and TA Nsamala. All the communities (villages) affected by the line route. These are represented by village headmen and Affected communities senior headmen as well as focus groups of women and elders to be held in parallel. Households potentially displaced by the line route, either physically or economically, including women, Displaced households elders, youth, etc. Commercial organizations potentially affected by the line route. Only one of such organizations has Commercial stakeholders been identified, namely the Nankudwe Estate, in Mwanza Relevant NGOs at national and local levels in the fields of social development, Human Rights and NGOs Gender. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 4-2 4.3 CONSULTATION PROGRAM Three stakeholder information and consultation rounds were conducted through the development of the RPF study. Those were planned according to key stages, or decision moments, throughout the study where the informed participation of stakeholders was likely to make the most significant contribution to the on-going analysis, namely the environmental and social scoping stage (1st round), the assessment of the preliminary line route and of PAPs’ needs and preferences (2nd round) and the disclosure of the RPF draft report (3rd round). The next table outlines the stakeholder engagement process and presents, for each consultation round, the specific engagement objectives, target groups and implementation periods. Table 4-2 Objectives, Target Groups, Meeting Formats and Implementation Periods for the Different Consultation Rounds Engagement Objectives Target Groups Consultation Formats Time Consultation Round 1 - Scoping Phase • Meetings with District Executive • Identify key issues, concerns and • Central Ministries and national Committees expectations associated with the Project and the resettlement process agencies • Workshop with regional services • Regional services including those in charge of gender • Present upcoming activities as part issues Nov. 2016 of RPF development process • District Councils • Individual meetings with national • Expose, validate and enhance • Commercial stakeholders authorities, NGOs and commercial elements of the stakeholder • NGOs stakeholders including those in engagement plan charge of gender issues Consultation Round 2 - On Provisional Line Routing and PAPs’ Needs and Preferences • Disclose the preliminary line’s route • Individual meetings with Traditional to communities Authorities • Involve community leaders in the • Group discussion and field walks identification and assessment of • Traditional Authorities with community leaders Dec. 2016 sensitive elements within the • Affected communities / • Public assemblies in villages and preliminary wayleave Community leaders • Group discussions with women April 2017 • Allow communities to voice their • Potentially-displaced households preferences and concerns with • Interviews with heads of potentially- regard to compensation options and displaced households (through resettlement assistance socioeconomic survey) Consultation Round 3 – Disclosure of Draft RPF Report • Central Ministries and national • Meetings with District Executive • Publicize the final line routing agencies Committees • Present, validate and enhance key • Regional services • Workshop with regional services elements of draft report, including the • Individual meetings with national July 2017 • Districts Councils proposed compensation and authorities, NGOs and commercial resettlement strategies. • Commercial stakeholders stakeholders, as required, including • NGOs those in charge of gender issues. 4.4 RESULTS FROM INITIAL CONSULTATIONS (CONSULTATIONS ROUND 1) The first series of informative and consultative meetings with stakeholders was conducted from November 7th to 17th, 2016. This exercise has served to introduce the Project to the concerned authorities at the national, regional and district levels, as well as to identify the key issues, concerns and expectations surrounding the Project’s resettlement process. A background information document providing an overview of the Project’s components, potential impacts and objectives of the ESIA/RPF process was distributed to participants two weeks prior to the meetings. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-3 This document, produced in English and Chichewa and updated at different times through the development of the study, is presented in Appendix 3-2. A list of the stakeholder organizations that were reached at this stage is provided by Table 4-3, whereas the issues and expectations raised by the different groups of stakeholders are summarized in Table 4-4 (National Stakeholders), Table 4-5 (Regional Stakeholders), Table 4-6 (District representatives) and Table 4-7 (Representatives of women interests). The signatures of the meeting participants are presented in Appendix 3-3. Table 4-3 RPF Initial Consultation Meetings - Date, Location, Organizations and Participants Date Location Organization Participants Min. of Lands, Housing and Urban Davie CHILONGA, Principal Estate Management Officer; Nov. 7th Lilongwe Planning T. MWALE, Estate Management Officer. Hary MIGOCHI, Director of Econonic, Social and Cultural Rights Nov. 7th Lilongwe Malawi Human Right Commission Dept.; Peter MOTA, Econonic, Social and Cultural Rights Officer. Environmental Assessment Nov. 7th Lilongwe Department Juwo SIBALE, Chief Environment Officer. (EAD – MRNEM) Nov. 8th Lilongwe Department of Forestry (MRNEM) Dr. C.Z. CHILIMA, Director of Forestry; T. MANKHAMBERA, DDF. Mercy PHIRI, Tourism; Blessings CHASWEKA, Physical Planning; Stanley MALAKAMU, Forestry; Irate MLONDA, Forestry; Cecilia Workshop with Regional Services CHAULUKA, Forestry; Brian NYIRONGO; Roads; Medson THOLE, Nov. 9th Blantyre (South) Agriculture; Peter CHICWENI, Lands; Greyson SILWEYS, Lands; Alick MAKANJIRA, Parks and Wildlife; Kitty CHINGOTA, ESCOM; Gertrude MALULU, ESCOM. MBC TV, MBC RADIO, MIJ FM, THE NATION, FM101, ZODIAK Nov. 9th Blantyre Press Conference TV/Radio, Times Group, MANA, Capital FM, Joy Radio/TV. Women’s Legal Resources Center Nov. 10th Blantyre Maggie KATHEWERA BANDA, executive director. (WOLREC) Rodrick MATEAUMA, District Commissioner; Charles MKWATE, Nov. 10th Balaka Balaka District Office Water Officer; Tamandani E. NTEPA, Social Welfare. 38 participants, including district technical officers (Rural Housing, Gender, Immigration, Natural resources, Social, Agriculture, Youth, Mwanza District Executive Nov. 11th Mwanza Lands, Education, Labour, AIDS, Fisheries, Forestry, Community Committee Development, Sports, Police) and NGOs (Save the Children, Red Cross). 9 members of the group, including the chairperson and vice- Nov. 11th Nthache Dzaone Women Group chairperson. F. LIKONQWE, Senior Chief; R. BVULUMENDE, Community development officer; F. MAGODI, Forestry Officer; V. SAMBUKA, Nov. 11th Neno Neno District Executive Committee Agriculture Officer; E. Polela, Environment Officer; S. CHIPUTULA, Lands Officer. Nov. 12th Mwanza Nankudwe Estate Paul JIYA, Estate manager. Nov. 17th Lilongwe Department of Antiquities (MITC) Aaron KHOMBE, Historian; Alfred TOPEKA, Archaeologist. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 4-4 Table 4-4 National Stakeholders - Concerns and Expectations about the Resettlement Process Stakeholders Concerns Raised • The resettlement process conducted 5 years ago for the construction of Vale’s new railway has created very high expectations in communities of the Project area with regards to compensations. This private Project provided cash compensations for lands up to three times their official value. This has distorted expectations in the area and now has incidences on public development projects. An important communication effort will be required to explain the official land valuation basis and re-establish a balance between government and PAPs’ interests. • Land-for-land compensation strategies are considered to be difficult to implement in Malawi because people expect money and because it is easier for PAPs to find replacement land themselves. Past experiences have shown that, when it is the government who finds the replacement lands, it is often far away, and displaced families end up coming back to where they initially were. • Compensation money needs to be handed directly to PAPs, and not through district or village headmen. • Municipal lands (managed by district authorities for public purposes) are likely to be affected. Compensations for such lands need to be provided to District council, either in cash or, and preferably, through public Min. of Lands, investment agreements (e.g., ESCOM could buy a land for the construction of a school). Housing and • The resettlement process needs to consider the provisions of the new Land Bill 2016, even though the date of Urban Planning effectiveness of this bill is still unknown. The most important implications of the new Bill for this Project are: 1) new land valuation basis, with the notion of “appropriate” value (i.e. market value); 2) the involvement of the newly created Land Physical Planning Commissions. • The Regional Commission of Physical Planning for the South should be involved in the planning of the resettlement process. • The compensation and resettlement strategies recently developed by the MCA for the Phombeya – Nkhoma Transmission Line Project is considered to be a good model that should be followed for this Project. • The participation of a recognized land valuer in the surveys is a requirement. • The border with Mozambique is not clearly demarcated on the ground everywhere, and mistakes could be made by surveyors as to whether a land or household is in Malawi or Mozambique. For the RPF exercise, this does not raise an important issue, but, for the eventual RAP study, and because of the sensitivity of international borders, it is recommended that the consultant seek assistance from the Central Department of Land Services. • A major concern is that communities in Malawi are not sufficiently informed and consulted when development projects come. Traditional leadership needs to be engaged with. It is recommended that ESCOM should use a human rights-based approach in the development of its projects, which is all about consultation and empowerment through “informed decision”. • Accountability and grievance mechanisms need to be put in place. These have to be accessible, widely disclosed and understood by the people. • Vulnerable groups to be considered include: the physically and mentally disabled, people with HIV/AIDS, the children and women. No marginalized ethnical groups are expected to be found in the study area. There might be refugees from Mozambique, they are difficult to identify as they usually do not have identification documents. Tenant farmers are not considered in usual compensation practices, but should be eligible to some assistance. • It is recommended to use the District Executive Commissions as an entry point for information disclosure and Malawi Human coordination at the local level. Communication through the District Commissioner only could generate mistrust. Right • Graveyards and other sites of cultural importance for communities are likely to be affected. Communities should Commission be consulted on the best ways to deal with such sites. • Compensation strategies should include support for the preparation of replacement agricultural plots. People will prefer cash compensations, but will not necessarily use the money properly. There is a need for assistance and follow-up with PAPs to make sure that the money is actually used to replace what was lost. • Women protection in the compensation process: Men usually take control over compensation money, even when it is given to the women. The best answer to this problem is women empowerment through information, sensitization and transparency. Women need to know the amount of the compensation that was provided for their household. Compensation should be paid to “families”, and not to the head of household. • A special attention must be given to children interests in the resettlement process. • Local NGOs should be involved in the implementation of the sensitization activities. Potential partner NGOs include the MHRC (office in Blantyre) and the National Initiative for Civic Education (NICE). WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-5 Stakeholders Concerns Raised • The EAD expects the project to: o Comply with World Bank’s safeguard policies on compensations and resettlement assistance. Environmental o Conduct thorough public consultations and show, in the EIA report, how public concerns have been Assessment addressed. Department (EAD – MRNEM) o Involve NGOs in the planning and monitoring of the resettlement process, such as OXFAM and CEPA. o Receive approval from the Ministry of Lands for the RPF or RAP document (EAD’s approval of the ESIA report is usually conditional to the approval of the RPF/RAP document by the Ministry of Lands). • Compensations need to be provided for cut trees, based on the calculation of the volume lost and using the Department’s price list for the different species. For trees in a forest reserve, compensations are paid to the Department of department of Forestry. Outside of forest reserves, they are paid to individual owners (for productive trees) or to Forestry communities (for natural trees). Compensation to communities should be delivered through reforestation (MRNEM) projects. • Community forests are likely to be found in the Project area and should be avoided by the line route as much as possible. • The potential for archeological findings in the Project area is considered to be high. There is also the potential Department of of discovery of old graveyards and cultural sites (e.g. initiation ceremony sites). Antiquities • Before commencement of construction activities, a Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment has to be conducted. (MITC) • Where archaeological sites are found, depending on the nature of what is found and area coverage, the department may recommend deviation of the transmission line or rescue of the relics. Table 4-5 Regional Services - Concerns and Expectations about the Resettlement Process Stakeholders Concerns Raised • The District Land Valuers should be involved in the surveys and RPF development process. • A 30 m land reserve must be complied with on each side of the national road (no tower). • The access roads required for this Project are seen as both an opportunity (for the development of the road network in the area) and a concern (for its potential impacts). The use (and improvement) of existing roads should be preferred to the construction of new ones, where possible. Communities Workshop with should be involved in the planning of the access roads. regional services (South) • Fair compensations for crop losses needed to be provided to farmers. Construction works should take place outside of the agricultural season as much as possible. • Creation of job opportunities for local populations is a major concern. • The Physical Planning department said they are in the process of developing Zalewa into a rural town. As such, they would appreciate if the corridor was known to them to make necessary adjustments to their layout. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 4-6 Table 4-6 District Representatives - Concerns and Expectations about the Resettlement Process Stakeholders Concerns raised • Community boreholes are likely to be found along the proposed line route. A major concern is to make sure that any affected borehole is replaced by a new one. • The section of the study corridor that falls within the Balaka district is a forested area. A lot of trees will be cut. Communities should be compensated for this through reforestation activities. • Communities in the Project area have had a recent and rather positive experience with resettlement procedures with the implementation, by the MCA, of the RAP for the Phombeya – Nkhoma Transmission Line. They will expect similar compensation strategies. Based on this recent experience, two recommendations are expressed: 1) provide for a lot of sensitization throughout the resettlement planning and implementation phases; 2) be Balaka District realistic and avoid raising false expectations while promising social and community development assistance. Office • It is recommended to use in-kind compensation strategies for houses and cash compensation for crops and other losses. Arable lands are still available in the area and displaced farmers are not expected to face any significant difficulty in finding replacement lands. • The District Council must be informed of, and involved in, the planning for the upcoming surveys. The consultant is asked to communicate with the District Planning and Development Officer for that matter. The District Executive Committee is considered to be the right instance for the next informative and consultative meetings. • In terms of community development assistance, water is the most critical issue, as the Project area is often affected by droughts. Access to jobs is another major concern. • The Project is expected to provide for appropriate compensations for all losses of agricultural lands and houses. • Farmers are not expected to face any significant difficulty in finding replacement lands to farm. Replacement lands will be designated by the chiefs and, farmers usually don’t have to pay to be allocated new lands. • Sensitization and assistance measures to ensure that compensation money is used properly must be provided to the affected families. • No municipal land is expected to be affected by the preliminary line route in Mwanza. Mwanza District • Recent resettlement experiences in the district have led to gender-based violence within households around the Executive management of the compensation money. Sensitization and prevention measures need to be planned to Committee mitigate this risk. • The Traditional Authorities (TAs) need to be engaged with in the RPF development process. Two TAs and one sub-TA are affected by the proposed preliminary line route. • Local communities need to be directly informed about the Project and consulted in the RPF development process. • Compensations for the losses of natural trees should be compensated through reforestation activities. • District services and local experts should be involved in the surveys. • The District Executive Committee should serve as the entry point for all the activities associated to this Project. • Numerous villages and forested areas are expected to be affected in the Neno District. • The Project is welcome as long as it brings benefits to the affected communities. Priorities, in terms of local benefits, are access to electricity and job opportunities. Communities will develop a sense of ownership and will protect the infrastructure if they feel that it has benefited to them. • Appropriate compensations must be provided to affected households and communities. Displaced families should be allowed to choose between in-kind or cash compensations for lost assets. • For other development projects, no compensation were provided to communities for “public” lands or protected areas. This has generated frustration for communities and traditional chiefs who consider these lands as theirs. • Past experiences with development projects have often led to undelivered promises and disappointment in Neno District communities. The traditional and district authorities are then left alone in dealing with complainants and Office reclamations, yet they receive no support from developers. Compensations should be provided to the chiefs for their contribution in dealing with emerging problems. • Social disturbances are expected to occur as men behaviors tend to change when they receive the compensation money. This includes prostitution, abuse of alcohol, blowing up of money in consumption goods, end of marriages and unplanned pregnancies. As a result, families are impoverished. The Project must integrate mitigation measures to prevent this. • District services should participate to the field surveys, as they will contribute to the identification of sensitive sites, potential issues and solutions. • Traditional authorities (TAs and sub-TAs) are influential over land issues and need to be consulted by the Project. Two TAs are affected by the preliminary line route in the Neno District. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-7 Table 4-7 Women Representatives - Concerns and Expectations about the Resettlement Process Stakeholders Concerns Raised • Women can be reached and mobilized through the District Community Development Officer. If it is not possible to have meetings in all the villages, than it is OK to have meetings by group of villages. The existing “areas of development” can be used to organize the meetings. Two of such “areas” are Dzaone Women affected by the preliminary line route in the District of Mwanza. The best time to meet with women is Group (Women between 2 PM and 3 PM. A majority of women in the villages can read Chichewa. association from the village of • On compensation strategies: Both men and women must be present when the information and the Nthache, compensation are provided. Men sometimes get “crazy” with the money and, therefore, in-kind Mwanza District) compensation are preferred for the displaced houses. For lands, cash compensations are considered to be better because the displaced families can look, themselves, for replacement lands. • Sensitive sites that should be avoided as much as possible by the line include: graveyards, boreholes and other water fetching sites, schools and churches. • Recent resettlement experiences in the Project area with other projects have generated many problems, which must be anticipated and prevented, including: • Corruption at the district level, where part of the compensation money was retained and, never reached communities. • Tensions and violence within households, between men and women, around the compensation money. • Men tend to take control over compensation money, often with little trickle down to family needs. Even though in the Project area land traditionally belongs to women, compensations are usually paid to the men. Thus, women are losing twice, as they lose both their land and the compensation money. To prevent this, the compensation process must be transparent. Women must know the amount that is given to the household so that they are in a better position to negotiate with their husbands. Compensation should be given to “families” (husband and wife), and not to the head of household. Both husband and wife should sign the compensation documents and come to receive the compensation. Women’s Legal • The resettlement process must provide assistance for the potential losses of access to social Resources Center services, such as health clinics, schools, water sources and firewood fetching areas. We have to (WOLREC) make sure that displaced families don’t have to walk longer distances for these services. • Local NGOs should be involved in the implementation of the resettlement plan for the activities related to sensitization and community assistance. The approach used by the MCA for the Phombeya – Nkhoma Transmission Line is a good example to follow. Grants were provided to local NGOs for sensitization and community development projects in affected communities. Potential partner NGOs in the area include WORLEC (have local offices in Mwanza, Neno and Balaka) and Women and Law. • The best approach to engage with women at the community level is to have open assemblies with women in the villages, followed by individual interviews with women leaders and key informants on gender issues. • A large ratio of women-headed households (around 33%) is to be expected in the Project area. These are to be considered as a vulnerable group in view of the resettlement process. • Development assistance priorities for women in the Project area are the access to water and new energy sources. Rural women generally have to walk long distances to get water and firewood, which is time consuming and affects the households. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 4-8 4.5 CONSULTATION ROUND 2 – ON THE PROPOSED LINE ROUTE AND PAPS’ NEEDS AND PREFERENCES The second stakeholder engagement round of informative was focused on community-level consultations. Its main objectives were to expose the Project and the proposed line route to the affected communities, the local leaders and the potentially displaced households, and document their respective concerns, expectations and recommendations. It has included a series of meetings with Traditional Authorities, direct exchanges with community leaders and heads of potentially affected households, open public assemblies and focus groups discussions with women and youth representatives. A description of the activities conducted and the stakeholders reached is provided hereafter, followed by a summary of the main issues and expectations raised. The detailed minutes of meetings and the signatures of participants are provided in Appendix 3-4. 4.5.1 ACTIVITIES PERFORMED AND STAKEHOLDERS REACHED Meetings with Traditional Authorities: Informative and consultative meetings were first held with the Traditional Authorities and local customary chiefs affected by the proposed line route, namely the Traditional Authority (TA) Phalula, TA Symon, TA Mlauli, TA Nthache and TA Kanduku. These meetings, which took place from April 11th to 13th, 2017, have served to inform the regional customary Chiefs about the Project, the proposed alignment and the upcoming field activities (socioeconomic surveys and public assemblies) and document their concerns, expectations and recommendations, in particular in relation to land and resettlement issues. A meeting request letter explaining the purposes of the meeting was channelled to the TAs through the District administrations, one week ahead. During the meetings, large maps of the proposed line route were displayed to assist the discussion. The Chiefs were involved in the selection of the villages where the public assemblies would be held and their support was requested to announce these events to the concerned villages. Numerous copies of an updated version of the project background information document, in Chichewa, were handed to the Chiefs for distribution to the concerned local leaders and public posting in the villages selected for the public assemblies. Table 4-8 below indicates the date, place and participants to these meetings. Table 4-8 List of Meetings with Traditional Authorities Date Place Participants(1) 11/04/2017 Balaka District Office Sub-TA Phalula; District Administration Director GVH Phalula; VH Phalula; Everson William – Aide; GVH Njiragoma; GVH 11/04/2017 Phalula Community Hall Nsenjere; GVH Kunyalani; VH Mbengo; VH Chizungu; VH Nthawitsa TA Symon; VH Mwingitsa; Edson Likongwe – Aide; Chair of Area Development 12/04/2017 TA Symon’s Palace Committee; Two members of Village Development Committee TA Mlauli; GVH Msalawatha; GVH Daelo; GHV Chasesa; three members of Area 12/04/2017 TA Mlauli’s palace, Chifunga Development Committee Mwanza District Commissioner’s 13/04/2017 TA Nthache Offices 13/04/2017 TA Kanduku’s Office TA Kanduku; Elisha Ngaiyaye – Aide (1) TA: Traditional Authority; Sub-TA: Sub-Traditional Authority; GVH: Group of Villages Head; VH: Village Head. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-9 Meeting with TA Symon, on April 12th 2017 Meeting with TA Phalula, on April 11th 2017 Meeting with TA Kanduku, on April 13th 2017 Meeting with TA Nthache, on April 13th 2017 Figure 4-1 Pictures of Meetings with the TAs Community Engagement through the Socioeconomic Survey: Open and consultative questions were added to the survey questionnaires used to collect socioeconomic data on the affected communities and households. The Community Survey has thus created a window for direct exchanges with each community’s leaders through which answers about the Project were answered and concerns, expectations or recommendations could be voiced. This took the format of an open and semi-directed discussion, supported by large maps showing local sections of the proposed line route, followed by a field walk with community leaders to locate the alignment and identify community assets or other elements of importance to communities likely to be impacted. Copies of the project background information document, in Chichewa, were handed out to participants. The day, locality and number of participants to these activities are given at Table 4-9. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 4-10 Table 4-9 List of Communities where Local Leaders were Consulted and Taken to the Field to Localize the Line Route Number Date District TA Locality 1 11/04/2017 Balaka TA Phalula Phombeya 2 12/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Kammwamba 3 12/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Chikapa 4 12/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Laja 5 12/04/2017 Balaka TA Phalula Yonam 6 13/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Kandoje 7 13/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Salafosi 8 13/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Chitsotso 9 14/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Mtingara 10 14/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Mbemba 11 14/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Mkoka 12 14/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Liyenda 13 14/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Ngwenyama 3/phokoso 14 14/04/2017 Neno TA Symon Joseph 15 15/04/2017 Neno TA Mlauli Kazunga 16 15/04/2017 Neno TA Mlauli Nsalawatha 17 15/04/2017 Neno TA Mlauli Jonathan 18 15/04/2017 Neno TA Mlauli Dailo 19 16/04/2017 Neno TA Mlauli Chapita 20 16/04/2017 Neno TA Mlauli Chasesa 21 18/04/2017 Mwanza TA Kanduku Laundi 22 18/04/2017 Mwanza TA Kanduku Siledi 23 18/04/2017 Mwanza TA Kanduku Moffat 24 19/04/2017 Mwanza TA Nthache Dzilima 25 19/04/2017 Mwanza TA Kanduku Mulongolora 26 20/04/2017 Mwanza TA Nthache Gonamwake 27 20/04/2017 Mwanza TA Kanduku Chilimbira 28 21/04/2017 Mwanza TA Nthache Kagulo 29 21/04/2017 Mwanza TA Nthache Biriwiri 30 22/04/2017 Mwanza TA Nthache Kasapha 31 22/04/2017 Mwanza TA Nthache Mkulira 32 22/04/2017 Mwanza TA Nthache Golowa WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-11 Public assemblies and focus group discussions: In the territory of each one of the five affected Traditional Authorities, a public assembly was held in a locality selected with the TA. These events were conducted upon completion of the socioeconomic survey, so that everyone in the community could benefit from an accurate understanding of where the line really passes. The assemblies were open to all community members, regardless of whether or not they are directly affected by the ROW. They were previously announced through the TAs and through the public posting of a background information document, in Chichewa. The publicising period have ranged from four days (Nthache) to twelve days (Kanduku). During the public assemblies, the consultant and ESCOM representatives have provided a full project description, explained the ESIA and RPF development process and exposed the proposed line route using large printed maps. After the presentation and a short question and answer period, the attendees were separated into men and women distinct groups so as to facilitate the expression of the concerns that are specific to each gender group. In some cases, youth representatives have also formed a separate discussion group. Copies of the project background information document in Chichewa were handed out to participants. The day, locality and number of participants to the public assemblies are given at Table 4-10, and some pictures are provided in Figure 4-2. Table 4-10 Date, Location and Participants to Public Assemblies Focus group discussions Date Place Participants held following the assembly 43 attendees, including TA Phalula, GVH Phalula, 17/04/2017 Phalula GVH Njiragoma, GVH Nsenjere, GVH Kunyalani, VH Mbengo, Men; Women VH Chizungu, VH Nthawitsa, VH Phombeya 111 attendees, including TA Nthache, GVH Chimlango, Kagonamwake Men; Women; Youth (both 17/04/2017 GVH Chiwembu, GVH Silota, GHV Gonankhonde, Headquarters genders); Elders GVH Golowa, GVH Gowelo, GVH Kagonamwake Chifunga School 69 attendees, including TA Mlauli, GVH Msalawatha, 19/04/2017 Men; Women Ground VH Chasesa, VH Dealo, VH Chapita 138 attendees, including TA Symon, GVH Samisoni, Men; Women; Youth (both 20/04/2017 Kammwamba GVH Ngwenyama, GHV Kasamba, VH Mwingitsa genders); Elders Mulongolola 39 attendees, including GVH Mulongolola, VH Mulolongolola, 25/04/2017 Men; Women; Elders Village Ground VH Chilimbira (1) TA: Traditional Authority; Sub-TA: Sub-Traditional Authority; GVH: Group of Villages Head; VH: Village Head. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 4-12 Public Assembly in Kagonamwake (TA Nthache), Public Assembly in Phalula, April 17th 2017 April 17th 2017 Public Assembly in Chifunga (TA Mlauli), April 19th 2017 Public Assembly in Kammwamba (TA Symon), April 20th 2017 Women focus group discussion, Phalula Youth focus group discussion, TA Nthache Figure 4-2 Pictures of Public Assemblies and Focus Groups 4.5.2 CONCERNS AND EXPECTATIONS RAISED Overall, the inputs from community-level stakeholders collected during consultation Round 2 indicate that the Project is broadly welcome and that it raises important expectations for job creation and community investments, including access to electricity. Most of the concerns and recommendations that were expressed relate to the compensation process for the affected households, a process which is perceived by the different groups as very likely to be plagued with corruption, particularly for the uneducated. The timely payment of compensation (prior to works) and the need for a civic awareness campaign to reduce the vulnerability of PAPs are also amongst the key concerns that were the most frequently raised. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-13 The concerns and recommendations expressed by stakeholders during Consultation Round 2 and that relate to the compensation and resettlement process are further detailed below, according to the different groups consulted, namely the Customary Authorities, Community Leaders, General Assemblies and Men, Women, Youth and Elders. Customary Authorities (TAs, GVH and VH):  The TAs have emphasized that compensation should be granted before the work commences, otherwise the people will be frustrated and will not co-operate.  Avoid unfulfilled promises – based on past experiences, the chiefs have said to be suspicious of all the promises made by Projects, which are often not honored. They have said to be more and more aware and knowledgeable, and will no longer accept false promises.  The Project should ensure that the affected people are informed of the timeframe within which compensation will take place and that compensation amounts should be directly communicated to the people (as opposed to the DCs office informing them).  Based on past experiences in the region, the chiefs are doubtful about the Project’s capacity to deliver compensations in a timely manner. Delays in compensation payment should be avoided so as to reduce the potential for tensions and conflicts.  Avoid discrepancies in compensation – in past experiences, some people received more that the value of their property while others received less than the value of their parcels.  Some of the affected household may have only one parcel for subsistence. Those need to be assisted and provided with access to new agricultural land.  The Chiefs consider that it is essential to educate the PAPs on how to handle compensation money prior to delivery in order to mitigate the risk of ignorance-based abuses of all kind.  Chiefs from TA Mlauli have recommended that compensation should mainly go to women as traditionally, they are the custodians of family and land.  Compensation to PAPs should be delivered in the presence of a representative from the DC’s office. Group discussion with village leaders, through the Community Survey:  Local leaders expect to be consulted and involved in compensation delivery procedures.  Lost houses and structures have to be rebuilt in timely manner, without delay.  Village-level sensitization is required at least 2 days before carrying out any kind of work in the villages.  A graveyard was reported to be located right in the wayleave in Liyenda village (TA Symon), which the community cannot accept to relocate.  A borehole (Gonamwake) and a church (Biriwiri) are reported to be located inside the wayleave, while some other graveyards, churches and boreholes are located just on the edge. General Assemblies and Men discussion groups:  In previous projects, compensations were paid out cash in lump sums and this was generally appreciated by the population.  The calculation of compensation should be based on the returns from the lost property, as opposed to the value of the land.  Vulnerability, in the compensation process, of the illiterate villagers who are usually short- changed, duped and generally treated unfairly. Civic education must be provided before compensation is paid out. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 4-14  Compensation should be paid directly to the owner of property, to reduce potential for corruption.  Assistance should be provided to households left with just a tiny part of their plot after land takes.  Replacement houses must be constructed in a timely fashion.  Many had planned for the construction, in a near future, of dwelling units within what will be the ROW. Assistance should be provided to help them compensate for the new land use restrictions that will be imposed by the Project on their properties.  In Mulongolola (TA Kanduku), concerns were raised over potentially affected graveyards.  In Kammwamba (TA Symon), some participants complained that surveyors had not surveyed all the land and some affected areas were left out. It was agreed that the surveyors will be asked to visit the areas again, accompanied by a village representative.  Assemblies have generally asked for more informative and consultative meetings with affected populations and local leaders. They have also asked for feed-back to their queries and concerns before the project commences. Women discussion groups:  Compensation should be done before construction commences otherwise they will not cooperate.  Corruption, bribery, nepotism and favoritism rampant during hiring process.  Projects promise many things as they come but these promises are not respected.  Women would like to be considered for employment.  Women are asked for sex in exchange for employment.  Women travel long distances to fetch water/require potable water.  When hired, women would like to leave work before dusk in order to get home safely. Elder discussion groups:  Elders are suspicious of the compensation process as previous projects in the area have not comply with their promises. Compensation payments were delayed (up to two years after resettlement) and compensation figures came out different from what was announced.  Community leaders should be compensated for the assistance that they bring to project implementation.  Compensation to be paid directly to the affected people.  When the compensation packages are channelled through other systems, e.g. the DC’s Offices, we get cheated/shortchanged. The affected persons must know how much is due to them and not through a third party like the DC’s office. Youth discussion groups:  Adequate and fair compensations. Heads of Affected Households: During the socioeconomic survey, the heads of affected households were consulted on their preferences, needs and concerns with regard to the resettlement process. Table 4-11 below summarizes the answers provided by heads of household on their preferences for replacement houses and on their perceived vulnerability to economic displacement. A total of 266 affected households were interviewed, out of which 34 are facing potential displacement of their dwelling and 231 are affected in economic terms only. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-15 Table 4-11 Answers from Heads of Affected Households Distribution Questions / Answers (%) Who should construct the replacement house? Replacement house should be constructed by the household, with financial support and material provided by the 61.3 Project Replacement house should be constructed by an entrepreneur contracted by the Project 38.7 Where should the replacement house be located? Replacement house should be located on the same land 45.9 Replacement house should be located on a different land, but the household would need support to identify and 35 secure a site for it Replacement house should be located on a different land already owned by the household, or accessible to it 19.2 If one tower happens to be located on your land, or where your crops are, do you think this could affect your capacity to feed your family or to generate incomes? Yes 86.5 No 13.5 If one tower happens to be located on your land, or where your crops are, how difficult would it be for you / your household to find another similar area to grow similar crops or perform similar activities? Major difficulty. No access to alternative land 38.3 Difficulty. Access to alternative land, but quality is not as good 30.1 No difficulty. Access to similar land 31.6 As the table shows, a majority of PAPs (61%) would prefer to construct their replacement house themselves with financial and material support from the Project. The most frequent reasons for this preference were to allow the household to save some money for other purposes and to have a full control on the design of the house. Some have also mentioned the fear of dishonest management of the money by the contractors in charge of building the houses. A slight majority of PAPs (54%) have expressed a preference for replacement houses to be located on a different land, mainly because they consider that the remaining part of their affected land (outside of the ROW) could not provide the required space for a new house without disrupting their agricultural production. Some have explained that they fear electric shocks if their dwellings are close to the power line, while others have argued that their land which is affected by the Project is located in a remote area, difficult to access, and that they would prefer to be relocated closer to the road. A significant ratio (35%) of the PAPs that are facing physical displacement have expressed a need for assistance in finding suitable land for the construction of a new house. A strong majority (86.5%) of PAPs consider that their capacity to feed themselves or to generate incomes would be affected if one tower happens to be located on the land that they cultivate. Finding replacement land to sustain their production is expected to by difficult by 68% of the PAPs, while the remaining 32% have said to have access to similar lands to cultivate elsewhere. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 4-16 4.6 CONSULTATIONS ROUND 3 – DISCLOSURE OF DRAFT RPF REPORT This last round of stakeholder information and consultations served to expose the main findings and recommendations contained in the preliminary EIA and RPF reports in order to pre-validate these elements and obtain feedback and suggestions from stakeholders to improve them. The activities carried out, the organizations reached and the results obtained that are relevant for the RPF are summarized below. It should be note that following this last round of consultation this RPF and subsequent RAP will be cleared by the government of Malawi and the World Bank and disclosed with translation locally in a language that surveyed people and stakeholders understand. It will also be disclosed in the World Bank external website. For any changes to these instruments, the same clearance and disclosure protocols will be followed. 4.6.1 ACTIVITIES PERFORMED AND STAKEHOLDERS REACHED Three public assemblies (one in each of the three affected districts) were conducted as part of Consultation Round 3, along with a technical workshop held in Blantyre with representatives from directly concerned government agencies. The assemblies were previously advertised in the local newspaper (The Daily Times of August 7th, 2017) (see Appendix 3-5). A summary of the ESIA report and maps were deposited for public consultation, one week prior to the assemblies, at the District Office of each one of the three districts concerned. Copies of a summary project information document (Project Memo) were distributed to participants during the events (see Appendix 3-6). The day, locality and description of participants to the public assemblies and technical workshop are given in Table 4-12, and some pictures are provided in Figure 4-3. Table 4-12 Date, Location and Participants to Consultative Meetings Date Event Venue Participants 09/08/2017 Technical MPC Conference Representatives from the following services for Southern Region: Tourism, Workshop Centre, Blantyre Physical Planning, Land Valuation. 10/08/2017 Public Assembly TA Symon’s Total number present – 51; Traditional Leaders – 9; Political leader – 1; – Neno District court, Consultant Staff – 2; ESCOM Representative – 1; and Community Members – Kammwamba 38 10/08/2017 Public Assembly STA Phalula’s Total number present – 330; Traditional Leaders -15; Political leader (Ward – Balaka District Court, Phalula Councillor) – 1; Consultant Staff – 2; ESCOM Representative – 1; and Community Members – 311 11/08/2017 Public Assembly TA Nthache’s Total number present – 148; Traditional Leaders – 13; Consultant Staff – 2; – Mwanza District Court, Mwanza ESCOM Representative – 1; and Community Members – 132 WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-17 Technical workshop with regional services in Blantyre, August 9th, Public Assembly at TA Symon’s court, Kammwamba (Neno 2017 District), August 10th, 2017 Public Assembly at STA Phalula’s Court, Phalula (Balaka Public Assembly at TA Nthache’s Court, Mwanza (Mwanza District), August 10th, 2017 District), August 11th, 2017 Figure 4-3 Pictures of Consultations Round 3 4.6.2 CONCERNS AND RECOMMENDATIONS EXPRESSED BY STAKEHOLDERS Table 4-13 below summarizes the main concerns and recommendations raised by participants following the disclosure of the draft RPF report. Adjustments made to the final report in response to such comments and recommendations are also indicated. Detailed minutes of the consultative meetings held as part of Consultation Round 3 can be consulted at Appendix 3-7. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 4-18 Table 4-13 Concerns and Recommendations on Elements of the Draft RPF Report Comments / Recommendations Adjustments Made To Final RPF District authorities and officers want to be reassured that they The ESMP identifies the need and describes the will be continuously involved throughout project development. requirements that must be developed for a communication plan (see section 8.1.2.5). Furthermore, the same ESMP describes the environmental and social management system (ESMS) that will have to be implemented prior to initiating construction activities (See section 8.3). The ESMS will include a stakeholder engagement plan for the construction and operation activities. Finally, the proposed institutional arrangement for the implementation of the RPF (See section 9 of the RPF) confirms that the District authorities will have a central role in the planning of resettlement and in its implementation. Section 8.2.8.2 of the RPF recommends the creation of Communities and local authorities expect the Project to invest a Community Compensation Fund equivalent to 1% of in Corporate Social Responsibility activities. the project’s total value for the development of community and social responsibility projects. Communities have generally requested that compensations The preference for payment of compensation should be paid through banks and that bank account opening through banks and for an assistance in opening a assistance must be provided to PAPs. bank account was already mentioned in the RPF It was recommended to enhance the civic education and but only for vulnerable members of the sensitization efforts directed to PAPs receiving cash community. A more general mention of this compensation, as many social disturbances induced by cash preference was added as an introductory note of compensation were reported on other recent projects. section 7.4 (related to compensation aspects) of the RPF. The requirement for civic education and sensitization was also added in the same section. Forestry officers have reiterate their concern that some of the This specific concern was covered under section displaced households could illegally resettled within the limits 8.2.1 of the RPF report where it is mentioned that of the Tsambani Forest Reserve after receiving the PAPs find their alternative parcels themselves, compensations for their houses. but liaise with the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) which will ensure that PAPs do not resettle in the Thambani Forest Reserve. 4.7 CONSULTATIONS AT RAP STAGE Stakeholder engagement will be an integral part of the RAP development process. It is defined as an iterative process by which the public's input on matters affecting them is sought and incorporated in project planning as early as possible. 4.7.1 OBJECTIVES General stakeholder engagement objectives for the RAP are:  Adhere to national and international requirements, practices and expectations for compensation and resettlement processes;  Inform and allow participation of every level of governance and other stakeholders during all stages of the RAP preparation; WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-19  Develop a thorough understanding of national requirements, practices and expectations for compensation and resettlement processes;  Ensure a transparent, inclusive and participative RAP elaboration process;  Provide displaced persons and their communities, and any host communities receiving them, timely and relevant information on resettlement options, and offer opportunities to participate in the complete RAP planning;  Mobilize stakeholders for the implementation and steps following the RAP elaboration. 4.7.2 STAKEHOLDER GROUPS Stakeholder groups for the RAP development process are suggested and briefly described in Table 4-14. Table 4-14 Target Stakeholder Groups Stakeholder Groups Description Department of Lands, Agriculture, Husbandry, Tourism, Gender, Wildlife, Forests Relevant ministries and agencies and Protected Areas, Civil Aviation, Roads, Rural Electrification and Cultural at national level Heritage Provincial / Regional authorities ESCOM’s, Regional Lands offices (Planning, Lands, Agriculture, Environment, and technical services Social Affairs, etc. at regional level), the Southern region (Malawi) District authorities and technical District Commissioners and Officers from the affected Districts (Mwanza, Neno and services (LGA) Balaka) Traditional authorities (TA), GVHs and VH are affected by the line route: Phalula, Traditional authorities Neno, Mlauli, Kanduku, Nthache All communities (villages and towns) affected by the line route. They are represented Affected communities by village headmen and Group Village Headmen Potentially affected persons (PAPs), that are likely to be either physically or Potentially-displaced households economically displaced by the project Industrial and commercial Industrial or commercial organizations potentially affected by the line route. May stakeholders include large commercial farms and industrial sites (Nankudwe Estate in Mwanza) Relevant NGOs in the fields of social development and human rights, at national or NGOs provincial levels 4.7.3 CONSULTATION PROGRAM Four stakeholder information and consultation rounds are suggested during the RAP preparation. Those are planned according to key stages, or decision moments, throughout the study where the informed participation of stakeholders will likely to make the most significant contribution the RAP. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 4-20 Table 4-15 Objectives, Target Groups, Meeting Formats and Implementation Periods for the Different Consultation Rounds RAP activities Engagement Objectives Target Groups Consultation Round 1  Review of the project and previous activities done during the RPF  Central ministries and Start of RAP elaboration national agencies preparation process, information and key  Validate territory issues raised during the ESIA / RPF process and  Regional administrative stakeholders’ identify potential new issues authorities and technical mobilization services  Inform key stakeholders of the RAP preparation steps and activities for them to inform their constituents and be mobilized  District administrative authorities and technical  Presentation of the stakeholder engagement programme services (LGA)  Discussion on upcoming survey, including the cut-off date  Traditional authorities  Discussion on wayleave markers installation activities  NGOs  Collect concerns and expectations associated with the RAP  Validate or enhance elements of the stakeholder engagement plan. Consultation Round 2  Undertake the survey survey: households and communities  Potentially-displaced Survey and affected  Involve stakeholders in the identification of sensitive elements or to households (through communities’ consider in the RAP, including displacement of heritage sites and socio-economic surveys) consultation and future development projects;  Potentially affected participation industrial / commercial  Expose, validate or enhance key elements of the previous RPF, such as entitlement matrix and compensation / livelihood restoration stakeholders options, grievance mechanism and procedures  Community leaders in  Allow potentially-displaced households to voice their preferences, affected villages, villages concerns and suggestions with regards to compensation options and and senior headmen resettlement assistance needs, including identification of new (through socio-economic resettlement sites and host communities surveys)  Identify vulnerable groups and their particular needs  Vulnerable groups (through socio-economic  Organize focus group consultations with specific stakeholders such survey and focus group as women, elders, borders authorities, etc. to list their opinion, consultation) concerns and advice.  Borders authorities Consultation Round 3  Present, preliminary results of the survey to key stakeholders;  Regional administrative Preliminary survey  Validate and agree on key elements for the final Draft RAP, including: authorities and technical results and RAP key services  Eligibility criteria content validation  Entitlement matrix and compensation  District administrative  Livelihood restoration measures authorities and technical services (LGAs)  Grievance mechanism and procedures  Host communities and potential resettlement sites alternatives  Traditional authorities and communities’  Capacity building program leaders  Institutional framework and organizational responsibilities  NGOs  Discussion on land, crops and structure replacement costs;  Discuss identified vulnerable groups and specific assistance needs and agree on resettlement measures for each group, including cross- border groups Consultation Round 4  Presentation of the Final Draft of the RAP and all its components  Central ministries and Final Draft RAP report  Collect concerns, comments on RAP key components such as: national agencies presentation entitlement matrix and compensation / livelihood restoration, grievance mechanism and procedures, host community, resettlement  NGOs potential sites, etc.  Present and discuss on the institutional framework and organizational responsibilities WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-1 5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AFFECTED ZONES The purpose of the socioeconomic study was to collect baseline data within the identified 55m wide proxy TL route corridor thereby enabling the social assessment of the potentially affected populations/communities. A community survey was carried out at the center of the 55m wide proxy corridor to gather information on community populations, infrastructure, potential services and workers that could be employed for the Project. An inventory of all community assets (infrastructure, cultural, patrimonial and natural sites or activities) within the wayleave was completed and each affected element was located using GPS technology. The survey provided for an estimation of socio economic impacts and the actual impacts will be identified during the RAP survey and socioeconomic survey that will be undertaken when the actual wayleave is determined. A household survey was also carried out in order to assess the socioeconomic profile of the affected households as well as document the impacts of the Project. A socio-economic baseline survey was conducted and a survey of households residing within this 55m wide proxy wayleave was undertaken, identifying 80% of affected households within the 55m wide proxy wayleave. The main elements (cultivated and other lands, structures, houses, trees, etc.) of the impacted households were located using GPS technology. In addition, a socioeconomic survey of a control group of households, equivalent in number to 10% of the impacted households, was also conducted. The households for the control group were selected from the households adjacent to the 55m wide proxy wayleave. The databases of the two (2) surveys (community and household) are presented in Appendix 4. The following section presents the data gathered on 32 villages within the width that the transmission line will cross (Table 5-1). Data related to approximately 266 households affected by the Project and 35 households in the control group – located outside the 55m wide proxy wayleave – are presented in section 5.2 (Table 5-2). Table 5-1 Number of Communities Involved in the Project Traditional Authority Population Characteristics Total Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Number of villages crossed by the corridor 5 6 7 2 12 32 Number of villages crossed by the corridor with 1 2 1 0 0 4 a special group Total population in villages crossed by the 1,376 2,896 1,703 137 6,273 12,385 corridor Table 5-2 Number of Households Interviewed by Traditional Authority Traditional Authority Control Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Group Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-2 5.1 COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS 5.1.1 DEMOGRAPHICS A total of 32 villages are crossed by the corridor. The population of these villages, as analyzed in this RPF, was estimated at 12,385 inhabitants. Among these villages, four (4) have special groups (Table 5-1). The main ethnic groups present in the villages crossed by the Project are the Ngoni (38.7%), Chewa (19.2%), Mang'anja (16.9%), Lomwe (13.4%), Yao (5.6%) and Sena (4.1%) (Table 5-3). Table 5-3 Ethnic Groups of the Village’s Population Traditional Authority Ethnic Groups (%) Total Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Ngoni 23.0 28.5 21.9 75.0 50.7 38.7 Chewa 54.3 3.2 69.4 0 5.6 19.2 Mang'anja 11.1 19.8 0 5.0 21.7 16.9 Lomwe 8.6 26.6 2.6 15.0 11.2 13.4 Yao 3.0 9.1 1.7 0 5.8 5.6 Sena 0 9.7 2.6 5.0 2.7 4.1 Nyanja 0 0 0 0 1.7 0.9 Tumbuka 0 1.7 0.9 0 0.4 0.7 Nyungwe 0 1.3 0.8 0 0 0.4 Note: The villages’ sociodemographic characteristics are calculated from the total population of the villages crossed by the ROW. The main occupation of the village’s population involved in the Project is farming, representing about 80.7% of the total population. The proportion of farmers in Symon is slightly lower (77.2%) than in other regions (Table 5-4). Table 5-4 Occupations of the Village’s Population Traditional Authority Occupations (%) Total Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Farmer 87.6 80.1 89.0 80.0 77.2 80.7 Business 5.6 11.7 6.2 5.0 3.1 5.9 Public employee 3.0 2.4 3.1 10.0 7.5 5.3 Pastoralist 2.1 3.4 0 5.0 5.0 3.6 Private employee 1.7 2.4 1.7 0 4.1 3.1 Masons 0 0 0 0 3.0 1.5 Note: Village members may have more than one occupation. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-3 The village’s population involved in the Project is mainly Christian (92.6%), with only a small proportion of Muslims (6.2%) (Table 5-5). Table 5-5 Religions of the Village’s Population Traditional Authority Religions (%) Total Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Roman catholic 19.1 28.9 54.3 70.0 63.7 49.4 Protestant 74.5 67.2 42.4 20.0 28.3 44.4 Muslim 6.4 3.9 3.2 10.0 8.0 6.2 5.1.2 INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNITY SERVICES The community survey indicated that there are no tertiary institutions in the villages crossed by the 55m wide proxy wayleave. Primary schools are the most common (23), surveyed in 65.6% of the villages. Two (2) secondary schools were also found in the villages of the Mlauli traditional authority (Table 5-6). Two (2) dispensaries are present in the villages of the Mlauli traditional authority, and the population has one community hospital - this one is located in the Symon traditional authority. No markets are located in the villages traversed by the 55m wide proxy wayleave, however a total of 10 trading centers can be found (representing 28.1% of total number of villages). Three (3) administrative buildings are also present in the Mlauli and Symon traditional authority. Almost all villages surveyed have access to water supply infrastructure (93.8%) such as boreholes, communal taps and kiosks, representing a total of 163 sites. It is the most common community facility. There are also 28 machinery or production centres in 46.9% of villages crossed by the 55m wide proxy wayleave. One (1) slaughterhouse is also found in the Symon traditional authority. Five (5) lodging centers (9.4% of villages) and two (2) police stations (6.3% of villages) are found in the region traversed by the 55m wide proxy wayleave. Furthermore, there is a total of 139 religious sites that were inventoried during the community survey. They are mainly churches (134) with few mosques (5). Additionally, 24 heritage or cultural sites were found in the villages surveyed. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-4 Table 5-6 Community Infrastructure in the Villages Traditional Authority Number of Sites Total Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Number of villages crossed by the wayleave 5 6 7 2 12 32 Primary 5 6 2 1 9 23 Schools Secondary 0 2 0 0 0 2 Tertiary 0 0 0 0 0 0 PHC 0 2 0 0 0 2 Health Facilities Hospital 0 0 0 0 1 1 Market 0 0 0 0 0 0 Business Trading center 2 3 0 0 5 10 Slaughterhouses 0 0 0 0 1 1 Administrative buildings 0 2 0 0 1 3 Church 19 33 14 4 64 134 Religious sites Mosque 1 2 0 0 2 5 Heritage or cultural sites 4 7 5 1 7 24 Machinery or production centres 3 7 5 0 13 28 Water supply facilities 19 65 20 4 55 163 Lodging facilities 0 3 0 0 2 5 Police centers 0 0 0 0 2 2 Number of sites 53 132 46 10 162 403 Note: A village of Phalula did not answer the question. It is anticipated that the Project will not alter community lifestyle since the vast majority of these sites will not be impacted (see Table 5-9 for the community affected infrastructures). Table 5-7 shows the distribution of artisanal skills across the surveyed villages crossed by the 55m wide proxy wayleave. The composition shows carpenters (90.6%), mechanics (40.6%), heavy machinery operators (18.8%) and experienced pylon assembler (3.1%), workers that could be employed during the Project. Transportation workers are also easily found in the study area. It is envisaged that other workers could continue with their work lives during and after the Project’s implementation without consequence and that some could find temporary jobs as the Project is realized. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-5 Table 5-7 Workforce in the Surveyed Villages Traditional Authority (%) Workforce Total Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Experienced pylon assembler 0 0 0 0 8.3 3.1 Carpenter 100 100 100 50.0 83.3 90.6 Welder 40.0 50.0 0 0 41.7 31.3 Electrician 40.0 50.0 0 0 8.3 18.8 Truck driver 20.0 33.3 42.9 50.0 25.0 31.3 Taxi (car, tricycle, motorcycle) 100 100 100 50.0 91.7 93.8 Heavy machinery operator (shovel operator, caterpillar, etc.) 0 66.7 0 0 16.7 18.8 Mechanic 0 66.7 71.4 0 33.3 40.6 Mason 60.0 16.7 28.6 50.0 50.0 40.6 Painter 80.0 66.7 42.9 50.0 83.3 68.8 Chainsaw operator 100 100 100 50.0 50.0 78.1 Commercial farm worker 60.0 16.7 28.6 50.0 25.0 31.3 Other occupation 20.0 16.7 57.1 50.0 16.7 28.1 Number of villages 5 6 7 2 12 32 Notes: 1- The numbers in the table are expressed in % of villages that have at least one worker with that occupation. For example, 66.7% of the village crossed by the Project in TA Mlauli have at least one mechanic amongst its workforce. 2- A village of Phalula did not answer the question. Table 5-8 presents the composition of services available within the surveyed villages crossed in the Project. These will be positively impacted and it will be helpful for the population if local building material needs are sourced from these communities. Materials such as sand, stones, cement and wood, petrol for machinery, and services (food, lodging) for the construction work can be bought in the villages when the Project is being executed. Table 5-8 Services Provided in the Surveyed Villages Traditional Authority (%) Service Total Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Bus / minibus 20.0 16.7 0 0 8.3 9.4 Mechanical (dealers, repairs, etc.) 0 0 0 0 8.3 3.1 Gas / petroleum products (sales, storage, etc.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heavy machinery (crane, bulldozer, excavator, etc.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Materials (wood, stone, sand, cement, etc.) 40.0 0 85.7 0 50.0 43.8 Food eating place 0 16.7 0 0 8.3 6.3 Rest house (hotel, lodge) 0 16.7 0 0 16.7 9.4 Logging companies 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bank / mobile money 20.0 50.0 14.3 0 33.3 28.1 Post office 0 0 0 0 0 0 Security company 0 0 0 0 0 0 Entertainment (video shows) 40.0 33.3 28.6 0 41.7 34.4 Number of villages 5 6 7 2 12 32 Notes: 1- The numbers in the table are expressed in % of villages that have the certain type of service. For example, 40% of the village crossed by the Project in TA Kanduku have at least one materials store where wood, stone, sand, cement, etc. can be found. 2- A village of Phalula did not answer the question. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-6 5.1.3 AFFECTED SITES AND COMMUNITY LANDS Table 5-9 shows the community assets that are within the 55m wide proxy wayleave. Among these assets, there are one (1) church in the community of Biriwiri (TA Nthache), one (1) cemetery in the community of Liyenda (TA Symon) and one (1) community borehole in the community of Gonamwake (TA Nthache). Table 5-9 Community Sites Affected by the Project Traditional Authority Group Type Total Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Building Church 0 0 1 0 0 1 Cemetery 0 0 0 0 1 1 Site Borehole 0 0 1 0 0 1 Note: A village of Phalula did not answer the question. 5.2 HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS 5.2.1 HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD The socioeconomic survey was found an approximate 266 households are within the 55m wide proxy wayleave and 35 non-affected household members of the control group that represents approximately 10% of all PAPs. The heads of household in the surveyed area are predominantly men (72.2%), while 27.2% of heads of households are women (Table 5-10). The majority of households found the 55m wide proxy wayleave were married (monogamous 69.9%, polygamous 2.6%) while 10.5% were either divorced or separated. The values obtained from the control group show similar trends, where 71.4% were married and 11.4% divorced or separated. A vast majority (88.0%) of heads of households are farmers. This occupation is also the most popular among the households of the control group although to a lower extent (80.0%). About 46.2% of heads of household are Protestant while 27.4% are Catholic. The religious portrait is similar among the heads of household of the control group, where the majority is of Christian faith. Other religions practiced by the Project impacted heads of household include: Abraham (6.8%), Jehovah’s Witness (4.5%), Muslim (2.3%), and other religions (8.6%). The majority (62.0%) of the heads of households have attended primary school, while an additional 16.5% of them have also attended secondary school. A total of 80% of the control group heads of household are educated at either the primary level (71.4%) ore the secondary level (8.6%). Generally, about 21.8% of the heads of household followed an informal education program (adult education, vocation, etc.). The proportion is slightly higher among the households of the control group (28.6%). The heads of household are mainly Chewa (36.1%) or Ngoni, (34.2%). About 15.8% of heads of household are of Lomwe ethnic descent. The heads of household of the control group are slightly different, where only 25.7% of them are Ngoni but 11.4% of them are Nyanja (only 3.8% in Project affected households). 5.2.2 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION The members of the households in the surveyed 55m wide proxy wayleave are young. About 30.0% are between 16 and 35 years old and 38.7% are between 5 and 15 years old. Moreover, around 11.6% of the members are between 0 and 4 years old. The proportion of older members (55 years old or older) is relatively small 6.6% (Table 5-11). Females (53.7%) are present in a higher proportion than males (46.3%), a trend also seen in the control group. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-7 Table 5-10 Heads of Household Characteristics Traditional Authority (%) Control Sociodemographic Characteristics Group Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Male 63.9 61.9 74.8 100 74.1 72.2 74.3 Gender Female 36.1 38.1 25.2 0 25.9 27.8 25.7 Married-Monogamous 61.1 52.4 71.5 100 75.3 69.9 71.4 Widowed 22.2 28.6 12.2 0 15.3 15.8 8.6 Marital Divorced/Separated 13.9 14.3 9.8 0 9.4 10.5 11.4 Status Married-Polygamous 2.8 4.8 4.1 0 0 2.6 0 Single 0 0 2.4 0 0 1.1 8.6 Farmer 86.1 95.2 94.3 100 77.6 88.0 80.0 Self-employed 2.8 4.8 2.4 0 8.2 4.5 8.6 Main Private employee 0 0 1.6 0 4.7 2.3 0 occupation Public employee 5.6 0 0 0 2.4 1.5 2.9 Other 0 0 1.6 0 7.1 3.0 2.9 Do not know 5.6 0 0 0 0 0.8 5.7 Protestant 55.6 47.6 33.3 100 60.0 46.2 57.1 Catholic 16.7 33.3 33.3 0 22.4 27.4 22.9 Abraham 5.6 0 10.6 0 3.5 6.8 8.6 Jehovah’s witness 5.6 19.0 3.3 0 2.4 4.5 0 Religion Atheist 2.8 0 4.1 0 0 2.3 0 Muslim 0 0 0.8 0 5.9 2.3 0 Other 11.1 0 11.4 0 5.9 8.6 11.4 Do not know 2.8 0 3.3 0 0 1.9 0 No formal education 22.2 14.3 19.5 0 10.6 16.5 11.4 Primary 66.7 76.2 60.2 100 58.8 62.0 71.4 Formal Secondary 2.8 9.5 16.3 0 24.7 16.5 8.6 education College 0 0 0 0 2.4 0.8 2.9 University 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 Do not know 8.3 0 4.1 0 2.4 3.8 5.7 No informal education 83.3 66.7 93.5 0 57.6 78.2 71.4 Technical/vocational training 11.1 4.8 3.3 100 15.3 8.6 17.1 Informal Adult education 0 9.5 2.4 0 1.2 2.3 2.9 education Bible school 0 0 0 0 7.1 2.3 0 Koranic school 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 Other 5.6 19.0 0.8 0 17.6 8.3 8.6 Chewa 50.0 19.0 55.3 0 7.1 36.1 40.0 Ngoni 47.2 14.3 36.6 100 29.4 34.2 25.7 Lomwe 2.8 19.0 2.4 0 40.0 15.8 17.1 Ethnic Nyanja 0 4.8 4.9 0 3.5 3.8 11.4 group Sena 0 9.5 0.8 0 10.6 4.5 2.9 Yao 0 9.5 0 0 9.4 3.8 2.9 Mang'anja 0 23.8 0 0 0 1.9 0 Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-8 Table 5-11 Age and Gender Distribution of Households Traditional Authority Age (%) Control Gender Group Group Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Male 6.7 4.3 5.5 22.2 6.5 6.0 5.5 0-4 Female 8.2 4.3 4.9 0 5.6 5.6 5.5 Total 14.9 8.6 10.4 22.2 12.2 11.6 10.9 Male 19.5 22.6 18.6 33.3 16.2 18.3 19.4 5-15 Female 20.5 26.9 20.8 11.1 18.7 20.4 15.8 Total 40.0 49.5 39.4 44.4 34.9 38.7 35.2 Male 10.3 7.5 14.8 11.1 15.5 13.9 15.2 16-35 Female 17.4 16.1 15.0 0 17.3 16.1 23.0 Total 27.7 23.7 29.8 11.1 32.9 30.0 38.2 Male 5.1 4.3 4.8 11.1 5.6 5.1 4.8 36-54 Female 8.7 9.7 8.5 11.1 6.5 8.0 5.5 Total 13.8 14.0 13.3 22.2 12.2 13.1 10.3 Male 1.5 2.2 3.4 0 3.4 3.0 2.4 55+ Female 2.1 2.2 3.7 0 4.5 3.6 3.0 Total 3.6 4.3 7.2 0 7.9 6.6 5.5 Male 43.1 40.9 47.0 77.8 47.3 46.3 47.3 Total Female 56.9 59.1 53.0 22.2 52.7 53.7 52.7 Number of individuals in households 195 93 587 9 444 1,328 165 5.2.3 INCOME AND PROPERTY The land holding characteristics are pretty constant among the PAPs from different traditional authorities, ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 parcels on average. The average land parcel areas vary from 809 m2 to 10,522 m2 on average by traditional authority (Table 5-12). The control group has comparable statistics with on average 1.8 land parcels per household with an area of 7,284 m per parcel. Additionally, as it usually is the case with agrarian societies, 85.3% of land parcels used by households are, among other things, used for crop growing. An additional 8.7% is allocated to planted trees, 3.1% to pastures and 1.0% to fallow. On the other hand, 25.3% of the land parcels used by these respective households are for housing and commerce. A small portion of land parcels are left in their natural state (9.3%). Concerning the ownership of the parcels used, about 85.3% of the lands used (affected or not) by the affected PAPs interviewed are customary lands. PAPs that own or have a certificate of ownership/leasehold account for 13.5%. A higher prevalence of land parcels under customary law is observed among the households of the control group (95.2% of the lands used by them). WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-9 Table 5-12 Land Parcels Characteristics Traditional Authority (%) Control Parcel Group Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Crop growing 91.9 91.2 84.1 50.0 83.5 85.3 90.7 House/store 25.8 20.6 22.6 50.0 29.7 25.3 25.9 Savana/natural bush 8.1 23.5 8.8 0 7.6 9.3 11.1 Planted trees 8.1 17.6 9.3 0 6.3 8.7 13.0 Uses Pasture 3.2 11.8 0.9 0 4.4 3.1 1.9 Fallow 0 0 0 0 3.2 1.0 0 Unusable 0 0 0 0 1.3 0.4 0 No response 1.6 0 0 0 1.3 0.6 0 Customary law 95.2 85.3 91.6 50.0 72.8 85.3 95.2 Bought 4.8 14.7 6.6 50.0 19.6 11.4 4.8 Ownership/ land use right Leasehold / Certificate of 0 0 0.9 0 5.1 2.1 0 ownership Rented 0 0 0.9 0 1.3 0.8 0 Average land parcel per household 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 Average land parcel area (acre) 1.7 2.6 1.5 0.2 2.6 2.0 1.8 Average land parcel area (m²) 6,890 10,522 6,070 809 10,522 8,094 7,284 Number of land parcels 62 34 226 2 158 482 54 As shown in Table 5-13, the main seasonal crop farmed by the people in the area is maize, as 35.7% of all households, grow it. From this group, 14.7% of them sell some of their produce at the local market. The average quantity of maize produced per household is 10.1 bags. Other annual crops cultivated include: cowpeas (12.4%), groundnuts (8.3%), sorghum (5.6%) and pumpkin (5.3%). Crop distribution between the control group and the surveyed households is comparable. As for permanent crops, the main ones harvested by surveyed households are mangoes (10.2%) and bananas (8.3%). The average quantities that are produced are 15.3 bags of mangoes and 17 bunches of bananas. Table 5-16 shows the secondary sources of income of the surveyed households apart from agriculture and livestock breeding. In a rural setting, it is anticipated that most households would engage in more than one job to boost their income, varying work activities with the seasons, level of acquired skills and the relative size of household farmland holdings. As the table shows, 34.6% of households undertake odd and casual work and 13.2% have business revenues. The production of charcoal is a source of income for a 16.5% of surveyed households, similar to the conditions of the control group. The main items owned by households are listed in Table 5-17. As for primary housing residences of the affected people, the main materials for their walls are: burnt bricks (62.0%) and mud bricks (22.9%). The predominant roof materials of these structures is thatch (52.6%) and corrugated iron sheets (46.6%). The main residences of households in the control group share comparable characteristics. Most of the houses (70.3%) have floors of smoothed mud and smooth cement (16.9%) (Table 5-18). Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-10 Table 5-19 indicates that the dominant energy source for cooking by the households of the surveyed area is firewood (biomass): 91.7% of surveyed households and 100% of households of the control group use this source. A small portion of surveyed households also use charcoal (8.3%) for meal preparations. A great number of households (89.1%) also use torches to light themselves. This situation is quite similar with the control group, where 88.6% of them also use this type of energy. Candles are the second most important source of lighting (4.1% of affected households). As for the expenses incurred to cook and light themselves by household, most households are able to cook without spending anything (91.7%). The remainder 8.3% spend on average per month less than MWK 30,000 (Table 5-20). Lighting is more likely to require funds since 63.2% of households in the surveyed area spend less than MWK 30,000, while 36.1% spend nothing. The water sources that supply the households with drinking water during the dry season are almost identical to the ones used in the wet season. Indeed, 96.6% of households in the surveyed area use boreholes, while 94.3% of households in the control group use them. The average distance traveled by household to fetch water is 10.9 km, 11.5 km in the control group. The frequency of drinking water fetching trips is almost always daily (98.1% in dry and 98.5% is wet seasons) (Table 5-21). WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-11 Table 5-13 Agriculture Production – Annual Crops Traditional Authority Control Crops Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Group Producers (%) 27.8 19.0 45.5 100 28.2 35.7 45.7 Maize Sellers (%) 0 0 21.4 0 8.3 14.7 12.5 Average quantity produced (bags) 4.4 1.5 11.8 8 9.9 10.1 7.1 Producers (%) 11.1 0 5.7 0 4.7 5.6 8.6 Sorghum Sellers (%) 0 0 0 0 25.0 6.7 33.3 Average quantity produced (bags) 1.1 0 1.9 0 1.3 1.5 3 Producers (%) 0 0 4.1 0 0 1.9 0 Millet Sellers (%) 0 0 20.0 0 0 20.0 0 Average quantity produced (bags) 0 0 1.4 0 0 1.4 0 Producers (%) 19.4 4.8 9.8 0 15.3 12.4 17.1 Cowpeas Sellers (%) 100 100 75.0 0 46.2 69.7 66.7 Average quantity produced (bags) 5.7 2 5.2 0 8.6 6.5 6.2 Producers (%) 5.6 0 2.4 0 7.1 4.1 8.6 Sweet potato Sellers (%) 0 0 33.3 0 66.7 45.5 33.3 Average quantity produced (bags) 2 0 2.7 0 3.3 2.9 3.3 Producers (%) 8.3 0 8.9 0 9.4 8.3 11.4 Sellers (%) 66.7 0 36.4 0 62.5 50.0 50 Groundnuts Average quantity produced 4 0 4.1 0 7.4 5.3 5.8 (tubers) Producers (%) 5.6 0 2.4 0 10.6 5.3 8.6 Sellers (%) 50.0 0 33.3 0 22.2 28.6 33.3 Pumpkin Average quantity produced 100 0 550 0 361.1 370.8 94.7 (number) Producers (%) 0 0 0 0 3.5 1.1 2.9 Sellers (%) 0 0 0 0 66.7 66.7 100 Cucumber Average quantity produced 0 0 0 0 190 190 400 (number) Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 Notes: Percentage of producers is calculated from the total number of households. Percentage of sellers is calculated from the total number of producers. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-12 Table 5-14 Agriculture Production – Permanent Crops Traditional Authority Control Crops Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Group Producers (%) 5.6 0 18.7 0 2.4 10.2 5.7 Sellers (%) 100 0 69.6 0 50.0 70.4 50.0 Mango Average quantity 8 0 16.7 0 6.5 15.3 7 produced (bags) Producers (%) 0 0 0.8 0 0 0.4 0 Sellers (%) 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 Orange Average quantity 0 0 25 0 0 25 0 produced (basket) Producers (%) 8.3 0 13.0 0 3.5 8.3 5.7 Sellers (%) 66.7 0 50.0 0 66.7 54.5 50.0 Banana Average quantity 6 0 20.9 0 9 17 26 produced (bunch) Producers (%) 0 0 0.8 0 3.5 1.5 2.9 Sellers (%) 0 0 100 0 66.7 75.0 100 Papaya Average quantity 0 0 2 0 2 2 3 produced (basket) Producers (%) 0 0 2.4 0 0 1.1 0 Sellers (%) 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 Avocado Average quantity 0 0 9.3 0 0 9.3 0 produced (basket) Producers (%) 11.1 4.8 28.5 0 7.1 17.3 17.1 Other Sellers (%) 25.0 0 88.6 0 100 82.6 83.3 Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 Notes: Percentage of producers is calculated from the total number of households. Percentage of sellers is calculated from the total number of producers. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-13 Table 5-15 Livestock Production Traditional Authority Control Livestock Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Group Stockbreeder (%) 0 9.5 3.3 0 7.1 4.5 0 Cow Sellers (%) 0 50.0 75.0 0 33.3 50.0 0 Average number of heads 0 6.0 6.3 0 26.0 16.1 0 Stockbreeder (%) 5.6 0 9.8 0 5.9 7.1 8.6 Pig Sellers (%) 50.0 0 75.0 0 80.0 73.7 0.7 Average number of heads 2.5 0 3.3 0 5.4 3.7 9.7 Stockbreeder (%) 27.8 19.0 23.6 0 24.7 24.1 22.9 Chicken Sellers (%) 40.0 50.0 37.9 0 28.6 35.9 0.3 Average number of heads 16.9 15.5 11.7 0 11.5 12.7 13.4 Stockbreeder (%) 30.6 19.0 18.7 0 34.1 25.2 31.4 Goat Sellers (%) 81.8 100 82.6 0 72.4 79.1 0.8 Average number of heads 8.0 11.0 4.4 0 10.3 8.0 7.0 Stockbreeder (%) 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 Sheep Sellers (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average number of heads 0 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 0 Stockbreeder (%) 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 Ram Sellers (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average number of heads 0 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 0 Stockbreeder (%) 0 0 0 0 3.5 1.1 0 Pigeon Sellers (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average number of heads 0 0 0 0 16.7 16.7 0 Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 Notes: Percentage of stockbreeder is calculated from the total number of households. Percentage of sellers is calculated from the total number of stockbreeders. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-14 Table 5-16 Secondary Sources of Income Traditional authority Control Activity Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Group Household having practiced (%) 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 Hunting Household having declared a source of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 income (%) Household having produced (%) 22.2 57.1 2.4 0 24.7 16.5 20.0 Charcoal Household having declared a source of 100 91.7 100 0 95.2 95.5 100 income (%) Household having collected (%) 5.6 4.8 4.9 0 8.2 6.0 8.6 Collect wood Household having declared a source of 100 100 100 0 85.7 93.8 100 income (%) Percentage of household having declared a source of income from: Business 13.9 19.0 9.8 100 15.3 13.2 17.1 Pension 0 0 0.8 0 3.5 1.5 0 Money transfer 0 14.3 1.6 0 11.8 5.6 5.7 Others Renting (land, house, etc.) 5.6 9.5 0.8 0 8.2 4.5 0 Salary (official) 0 0 2.4 0 4.7 2.6 5.7 Odd or casual job 33.3 47.6 26.0 100 27.1 29.3 34.3 Other sources 0 4.8 6.5 0 8.2 6.0 14.3 Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 Notes: Percentage of households having practiced is calculated from the total number of households. Percentage of households having declared a source of income is calculated from the total number of household having realized the activity. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-15 Table 5-17 Property of Households Traditional Authority (%) Control Ownership Group Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Power generator 2.8 9.5 0 0 3.5 2.3 0 Gas stove/kerosene 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 Refrigerator 0 9.5 1.6 0 8.2 4.1 2.9 Television 2.8 14.3 3.3 0 16.5 8.3 2.9 Radio/cassette/music system 27.8 28.6 22.8 0 41.2 29.7 17.1 Tape or CD/DVD player /HiFi 2.8 19.0 4.1 0 14.1 8.3 5.7 Telephone/cellular 58.3 71.4 35.0 0 65.9 50.8 45.7 Sewing machine 2.8 9.5 4.9 0 5.9 5.3 0 Iron (for pressing clothes) 22.2 38.1 14.6 100 42.4 26.7 28.6 Electric or gas stove/hot plate 0 4.8 0.8 0 3.5 1.9 0 Car/truck 0 4.8 0 0 3.5 1.5 0 Motorbike/scooter 2.8 9.5 5.7 0 2.4 4.5 0 Bicycle 52.8 38.1 34.1 100 48.2 41.7 37.1 Plow 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 Ox Cart 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 House in town 2.8 4.8 0.8 0 8.2 3.8 0 Land in town 0 4.8 0.8 0 4.7 2.3 0 Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-16 Table 5-18 Characteristics of Main Residence Traditional Authority (%) Control Material Group Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Thatch 55.6 42.9 56.9 0 48.2 52.6 60.0 Roof Corrugated iron sheets 44.4 57.1 43.1 100 49.4 46.6 40.0 Bamboo / reed 0 0 0 0 2.4 0.8 0 Burnt bricks 75.0 66.7 65.0 100 50.6 62.0 68.6 Mud bricks 16.7 33.3 31.7 0 45.9 34.2 22.9 Plain mud 2.8 0 0.8 0 1.2 1.1 2.9 Mud 0 0 0.8 0 1.2 0.8 2.9 Walls Concrete 2.8 0 0.8 0 1.2 1.1 0 Wood 2.8 0 0 0 0 0.4 0 Compacted 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9 A mixture of burnt bricks 0 0 0.8 0 0 0.4 0 and unburnt Smoothed mud 72.2 71.4 74.0 100 63.5 70.3 82.9 Smooth cement 19.4 14.3 13.8 0 21.2 16.9 0 Floor Cement 2.8 9.5 7.3 0 9.4 7.5 8.6 Earth / sand / dirt / straw 5.6 4.8 4.9 0 5.9 5.3 8.6 Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-17 Table 5-19 Household Energy and Water Sources Traditional Authority (%) Control Source Group Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Energy for Firewood 97.2 85.7 94.3 100 87.1 91.7 100 cooking Charcoal 2.8 14.3 5.7 0 12.9 8.3 0 Torch 94.4 76.2 91.1 100 87.1 89.1 88.6 Candles 2.8 4.8 2.4 0 7.1 4.1 2.9 Electricity (ESCOM) 0 19.0 2.4 0 2.4 3.4 2.9 Energy for Wood 2.8 0 0.8 0 1.2 1.1 0 lighting Paraffin 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7 Generator 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 Car batteries 0 0 0.8 0 0 0.4 0 Borehole 86.1 100 96.7 100 100 96.6 94.3 Hole / fountain 11.1 0 0 0 0 1.5 5.7 Piped water in yard 0 0 1.6 0 0 0.8 0 Drinking Piped water in the house 0 0 0.8 0 0 0.4 0 water: dry season Well in the backyard 2.8 0 0 0 0 0.4 0 River / lake 0 0 0.8 0 0 0.4 0 Mean distance between the main source and the 10.7 7.3 11.7 2.0 10.7 10.9 11.5 house (km) Borehole 86.1 100 95.9 100 98.8 95.9 94.3 Hole / fountain 11.1 0 0 0 0 1.5 5.7 Piped water in yard 0 0 1.6 0 0 0.8 0 River / lake 0 0 1.6 0 0 0.8 0 Drinking water: Piped water in the house 0 0 0.8 0 0 0.4 0 wet season Well in the backyard 2.8 0 0 0 0 0.4 0 Rain water 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 Mean distance between the main source and the 11.1 8.2 12.2 2.0 10.6 11.2 11.4 house (km) Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-18 Table 5-20 Amount Spent for Cooking and Lighting Traditional Authority (%) Control Amount spent per month Group Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Energy for Nothing 94.4 95.2 91.1 0 91.8 91.7 100 cooking Less than MWK 30,000 5.6 4.8 8.9 100 8.2 8.3 0 Nothing 36.1 19.0 35.0 0 42.4 36.1 22.9 Energy for Less than MWK 30,000 61.1 81.0 64.2 100 57.6 63.2 77.1 lighting Between MWK 30,000 and MWK 2.8 0 0.8 0 0 0.8 0 50,000 Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 Table 5-21 Frequency of Drinking Water Fetches Traditional Authority (%) Control Frequency of water fetches Group Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Everyday 97.2 100 98.4 100 97.6 98.1 100 Dry season Two or three times per week 2.8 0 1.6 0 2.4 1.9 0 Everyday 97.2 100 98.4 100 98.8 98.5 100 Wet season Two or three times per week 2.8 0 1.6 0 0 1.1 0 Three or four times per week 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 0 Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 5.2.4 VULNERABLE PAPS As Table 5-22 shows, the factors that can make certain households more vulnerable than others are sickness or handicap of the head of household or of a household’s member (75 households in the surveyed area), households headed by woman (74 households in the surveyed area) and household that own only one land parcel that is likely to be impacted by the Project (105 households in the surveyed area). The main cause of disease or handicap identified by households is malaria (87.6% of households included in the category). There are actually no children heads among the households in the surveyed area. The vast majority of heads of household that are widowed are also women (90.4%). WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-19 Table 5-22 Household Vulnerability Traditional Authority Control Vulnerability Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Group Number of Heads of Household Female 13 8 31 0 22 74 9 Widowed 8 6 15 0 13 42 3 Child 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Handicapped or chronically sick 10 3 13 1 14 41 10 individual Number of households with at least one handicapped or a 7 7 32 0 29 75 3 chronically sick member Number of households that have only one land parcel that is also 16 11 43 0 35 105 0 inside the ROW Number of households 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 interviewed Notes: The majority of heads of household registered in the “Widowed” category is also included in the “Female” category. The “Child” category includes a head of household aged 18 years old or under. Malaria is a major issue in the area. In the last year alone, 10.9% of households had a death attributed to malaria. Professional medical care is generally favoured by surveyedhouseholds over traditional medicine (83.8%). However, access can be demanding since 30.1% of households will need to walk for one (1) to two (2) hours or for 53.8% of them for over two (2) hours. The majority of households travel to the Mwanza district hospital for care (60.2%). Table 5-23 presents the number of meals eaten by households and their composition. Generally, households need to complement their food needs by purchasing extra goods (98.1% of households, 100% in the control groups). They do not eat much meat (64.3%, 0 times per week) nor fish (60.5%, 0 times per week). Households that consume these products usually do so two (2) times or less per week (approximately 25% of them). Additionally, the majority of households (66.9%) consume two (2) meals per day, while 30.1% eat three (3). Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-20 Table 5-23 Food Consumption Traditional Authority (%) Control Food Consumption Group Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total 1 meal 2.8 4.8 1.6 0 4.7 3.0 2.9 Meals per day 2 meals 75.0 76.2 76.4 100 47.1 66.9 74.3 3 meals 22.2 19.0 22.0 0 48.2 30.1 22.9 0 times 61.1 61.9 75.6 100 49.4 64.3 54.3 1 time 19.4 14.3 11.4 0 24.7 16.9 25.7 2 times 16.7 14.3 9.8 0 14.1 12.4 14.3 Meat consumption in the 3 times 2.8 9.5 1.6 0 8.2 4.5 2.9 last week 4 times 0 0 0.8 0 1.2 0.8 0 5 times 0 0 0 0 2.4 0.8 2.9 6 times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 times 0 0 0.8 0 0 0.4 0.0 0 times 61.1 52.4 69.1 0 50.6 60.5 60.0 1 time 5.6 23.8 15.4 100 15.3 15.0 17.1 2 times 11.1 4.8 8.1 0 16.5 10.9 11.4 Fish consumption in the 3 times 11.1 14.3 4.1 0 14.1 9.0 5.7 last week 4 times 8.3 4.8 1.6 0 2.4 3.0 0 5 times 2.8 0 1.6 0 0 1.1 2.9 6 times 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.4 2.9 Buying food to satisfy Yes 100 100 96.7 100 98.8 98.1 100 household needs No 0 0 3.3 0 1.2 1.9 0 Number of households interviewed 36 21 123 1 85 266 35 5.3 ASSETS IN THE AREA 5.3.1 STRUCTURES From the socioeconomic survey undertaken, the structures can be categorized into as primary or secondary in nature. Table 5-24 presents the number of primary structures located in the 55m wide proxy wayleave. These are all houses. Approximately 45 houses are located within the corridor, averaging 2.0 rooms per dwelling. These homes are mainly conventional (38), while four (4) are gowelo or mphala and three (3) are secondary housings. The walls are built from either unplastered brick (13), unburnt unplastered bricks (13) or unburnt brick with plaster (12). The roof is generally made up from grass (36), while flooring is clay (36). As for secondary structures, they are mostly traditional latrines, kitchens and external/conventional bathroom. Other infrastructure associated with livestock are also found. In total, 39 secondary structures were surveyed within the corridor. From this lot, 28 could be moved and 24 have land outside the surveyed area where the structure could be relocated. There are no commercial structures located within the wayleave. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-21 Table 5-24 Primary Structures in the Surveyed Area Traditional Authority Primary Structure Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Type of structure Conventional house 7 9 9 0 13 38 Gowelo or mphala 1 0 0 0 3 4 Secondary house 0 1 0 0 2 3 Rooms Average number of room per conventional house 2.3 1.8 2.2 0 1.8 2.0 Average number of room per secondary house 0 1 0 0 1 1 Mean to obtain the main structure Built 8 6 9 0 15 38 Inherited 0 4 0 0 0 4 Bought 0 0 0 0 2 2 Do not know 0 0 0 0 1 1 Wall material Unplastered brick 3 5 1 0 4 13 Unburnt unplastered bricks 2 3 1 0 7 13 Unburnt brick with plaster 2 1 2 0 7 12 Unplastered burnt bricks 1 1 3 0 0 5 Burnt brick with plaster 0 0 2 0 0 2 Roof material Grass 6 10 6 0 14 36 Iron sheet 1 0 3 0 0 4 Corrugated iron sheets 1 0 0 0 0 1 Do not know 0 0 0 0 4 4 Floor material Clay 7 8 7 0 14 36 Mudbrick / adobe 0 2 0 0 0 2 Cement 1 0 2 0 0 3 Do not know 0 0 0 0 4 4 Acceptable to move the building Yes 5 9 2 0 15 31 No 3 1 7 0 2 13 Do not know 0 0 0 0 1 1 Land outside the wayleave to rebuild the building Yes 3 7 1 0 16 27 No 5 3 8 0 1 17 Do not know 0 0 0 0 1 1 Total primary structures 8 10 9 0 18 45 Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-22 Table 5-25 Secondary Structures in the Surveyed Area Traditional Authority Secondary Structures Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Type of structure Traditional latrine 2 3 2 0 6 13 Kitchen 2 2 2 0 4 10 External bathroom 1 2 3 0 3 9 Conventional bathroom 2 1 0 0 0 3 Cattle corral 0 0 1 0 0 1 Hennery 0 1 0 0 0 1 Goat corral 0 0 0 0 1 1 Pigeon shed 1 0 0 0 0 1 Mean to obtain the main structure Built 7 7 8 0 13 35 Inherited 0 2 0 0 0 2 Bought 1 0 0 0 1 2 Acceptable to move the building Yes 8 6 2 0 12 28 No 0 3 6 0 2 11 Land outside the wayleave to rebuild the building Yes 6 6 0 0 12 24 No 2 3 8 0 2 15 Total secondary structures 8 9 8 0 14 39 5.3.2 PARCELS According to the socioeconomic survey, the approximately 266 impacted households have a total of 275 land parcels affected by the Project. A total of 51 households have no trees or structures impacted by the Project, while approximately 204 households have at least one tree within the future wayleave. Finally, 24 households have at least one structure and a tree that are positioned in the 55m wide proxy wayleave (Table 5-26). Table 5-26 Land Parcels in the surveyed area Traditional Authority Parcel Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Total Number of land parcels in the wayleave 37 22 128 1 87 275 Number of land parcels without any affected trees 3 8 14 1 25 51 or structures Number of land parcels with at least one tree 31 11 105 0 57 204 affected Number of land parcels with at least one structure 6 5 8 0 13 32 affected Number of land parcels with at least one tree and 5 3 5 0 11 24 one structure affected WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-23 5.3.3 CROPS AND TREES The households impacted by the Project have an approximate 613,350 m² of agriculture land within the 55m wide proxy wayleave (Table 5-27). A very large majority of them harvest maize (91.2%). Other cultures found frequently include: pigeon peas, cowpeas, pumpkins, peanuts, sorghum, groundnuts and sweet potatoes. Additionally, approximately 205 households have at least one (1) tree within the surveyed area. There are approximately 5,613 trees in total located in the 55m wide proxy wayleave. The most frequent ones include: mango tree, banana tree, masau, bluegum, malabe, tangerine tree and guava tree (Table 5-28). Table 5-27 Crops in the Surveyed Area Traditional Authority Crop Type Total Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Number of households Maize 30 18 116 1 74 239 Pigeon peas 12 5 85 0 14 116 Cowpeas 21 8 26 0 47 102 Pumpkin 11 4 31 0 31 77 Peanut 9 4 19 0 24 56 Sorghum 8 4 12 0 15 39 Groundnut 6 1 7 0 9 23 Sweet potato 5 1 6 0 8 20 Millet 0 1 6 0 10 17 Sugarcane 2 1 6 0 0 9 Black eyed peas 2 0 2 0 5 9 Okra 0 0 2 0 5 7 Beans 0 0 4 0 0 4 Cotton 0 0 0 0 4 4 Tomato 1 1 1 0 0 3 Cassava 2 0 1 0 0 3 Nzama 0 0 1 0 0 1 Number of household with crops 35 20 122 1 84 262 Total area of agriculture land (m²) 64,614 36,436 273,239 427 238,634 613,350 Note: From the group of households that cultivate the land in the wayleave, four (4) had their land in fallow and six (6) did not indicate the type of culture in the wayleave. The total area affected could be slightly higher. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 5-24 Table 5-28 Trees in the Surveyed Area Traditional Authority Tree Type Total Kanduku Mlauli Nthache Phalula Symon Number of trees Bluegum 80 18 252 0 2052 2402 Banana tree 67 15 628 0 329 1039 Mango tree 158 11 507 172 848 Tangerine tree 59 0 425 0 0 484 Masau 41 24 10 0 136 211 Gmelina 3 0 87 0 0 90 Acacia tree 6 40 0 0 26 72 Guava tree 0 20 35 0 13 68 Bamboo 0 0 0 0 50 50 Neem tree 0 6 0 0 31 37 Masuku 3 0 31 0 2 36 Malambe 0 10 0 0 21 31 India 0 0 0 0 20 20 Mponza 13 0 18 0 16 47 Mtapacha 0 0 0 0 20 20 Orange tree 10 0 0 0 9 19 Lemon tree 1 3 11 0 1 16 Papaya tree 6 0 5 0 5 16 Cacia tree 0 5 0 0 8 13 Jacaranda tree 1 0 0 0 12 13 Caviar tree 0 0 12 0 0 12 Avocado tree 4 0 7 0 0 11 Cinderella 0 4 0 0 6 10 Matowo 0 0 5 0 3 8 Natural tree 2 0 1 0 5 8 Kesha tree 0 0 6 0 3 9 Ntchenje 0 0 0 0 6 6 Nthudza 0 0 4 0 0 4 Bwemba 1 0 0 0 2 3 Nsangu 0 0 0 0 3 3 Kosher 0 0 2 0 0 2 Mfula 0 2 0 0 0 2 Mable 0 0 0 0 1 1 Moringa 0 0 0 0 1 1 Palm tree 0 1 0 0 0 1 Number of trees 455 159 2046 0 2953 5613 Number of household 36 21 123 1 85 266 WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-1 6 ESTIMATED IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT This section presents a summary description of the Project’s estimated impacts on the human population. Potential environmental impacts are described in the ESIA report of the Project, but this chapter will focus on social impacts of resettlement. These potential impacts were assessed using data collected from field investigations, relevant documents and consultations with various stakeholders and PAPs. As stated previously a RAP, with detailed actual resettlement impacts, will be prepared upon completion of the transmission line route selection, based on geotechnical and topographical studies to be completed. 6.1 GENERAL The Project will require the construction of a 400 kV line pylon over a total length of about 76 km. The construction, operations and maintenance or repair activities of the ROW and transmission line will involve periodic access to the structures. For the Project affected households and communities, negative impacts related to resettlement occurring during the construction phase include:  Loss of land;  Crops;  Loss of livelihoods;  Trees;  Household structures;  Commercial structures such as shops and markets;  Public services such as schools, health clinics, etc;  Community assets such as water supply and other utilities;  Sacred sites (eg. Trees, groves, religious building, etc);  Forests Approximately 266 households could be directly affected by the project as demonstrated in table 6-1. Nearly 87% of the households impacted by the construction of the powerline will be mostly affected exclusively in an economic way. Approximately 3 households will be physically affected and approximately 32 other households will be physically and economically impacted. An approximate 613,350 m2 of agricultural land is within the 55m wide proxy wayleave of the power line and approximately 5,613 trees in total are located in the surveyed area. As previously mentioned, a large part of the land parcels used by households and impacted by the project are used for agriculture activities, the main source of income for the majority of the population in the project area. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 6-2 Table 6-1 Household Distribution by Type of Impact of the Resettlement, Crop Area and Trees in the Focused Survey Area Only Physically and Crop area Only Physically Trees Type of Impact Economically Economically Total affected Affected affected Affected Affected (m2) Number of households Kanduku 1 29 6 36 64,614 455 Mlauli 1 15 5 21 36,436 159 Nthache 1 114 8 123 273,239 2046 Phalula 0 1 0 1 427 0 Symon 0 72 13 85 238,634 2953 Total 3 231 32 266 613,350 5613 6.2 PROJECT IMPACTS 6.2.1 PRIMARY STRUCTURES Beside the impacts on agricultural activities, an impact will be the relocation of houses and other structures within the ROW. In most cases, these must be relocated to an adjacent land parcel, as it is desired by the affected households. However, this relocation will result in loss of time, income and disruption of the organization of the daily life of affected households. It would need to be mitigated. There are 45 houses belonging to 34 different households (17% of the total impacted households) that are currently located in the 55m wide proxy wayleave. This is an estimate and does not present the final number of households to be displaced once the exact corridor is determined. These houses must be demolished and displaced. As indicated in the survey results, 37.8% of physically affected households do not have non impacted land for the resettlement of at least one (1) of their houses. All these households will need support in their search for new land on which to relocate and rebuild their home. It must be located near the land used by the household so as to not impose any additional constraints to their land harvesting. If this option is not possible due to the unavailability of land for the house relocation within existing settlements, a particular assistance will be offered to find equivalent land, suitable for exploitation and household resettlement in another area. With proper displacement procedures followed, appropriate and cost effective compensation measures undertaken (reconstruction of houses and related facilities before the destruction of affected structures, relocation assistance, etc.), the impact of the Project on the affected households will be minimized. Proper time and care to assist communities and households are both crucial elements to minimize the impact on these relocations. Adequate and timely compensation will therefore be given, and new houses of displaced households must be built before construction will begin or any other activities capable of disrupting the PAPs. Where properly managed, the envisaged impacts would be minimal. It is important that a team of professionals managing displacement and compensation measures be established at least one (1) year before the start of construction. This team must include estate surveyors and evaluators, specialists in community development as well as agricultural and social workers who will have the task of assisting affected households and reduce their fears (see Chapter 9 for more details). The definitive number of houses likely to be displaced will be established during the final property and asset evaluation. This procedure must be established at least one (1) year before the start of the infrastructure’s construction. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-3 6.2.2 SECONDARY STRUCTURES The socioeconomic surveys identified approximately 39 secondary structures (kitchen, toilet, etc.) that will be affected by the Project. A total of 20 households have a secondary structure in the wayleave (to be confirmed by full survey prior to construction). All of them must be demolished and new ones reconstructed. Again, appropriate time, compensation and support must be given to the households to minimize the impact of the displacement or reconstruction of these structures before construction starts. 6.2.3 COMMUNITY SITES AND STRUCTURES Some community structures are also affected: one (1) church (TA Nthache), one (1) cemetery (TA Symon) and one (1) community borehole (TA Nthache) (to be confirmed by full survey prior to construction, see Table 5-9). Again, the key to minimize the impact is to start early in the process (at least one (1) year before construction) in order to leave time to the community to properly plan the resettlement. All these structures must be replaced in kind and respect Malawian specifications. 6.2.4 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND LAND Impacts are permanent under the pylons, as farmers will not be able to use the land beneath the pylons, but will be able to continue cultivating elsewhere in the wayleave. Approximately 89,401 m2 of land is expected to be permanently affected by the pylons, based on an estimated number of 169 pylons requiring 529 m2) each (23m X 23m). However, trees over five (5) meters at maturity will be prohibited. Moreover, infringement on crops by machinery during ROW maintenance will be prevented by conducting maintenance activities outside of the growing and grazing seasons. Household who will lose 20% or more of their land with the tower will need assistance to find new land parcels and putting them back in an equivalent or better condition than the affected parcel. At this moment, it is impossible to know if some households will find themselves in this situation, because we do not know yet where the towers will be located. This information will be part of the RAP report. 6.3 IMPACTS ON WOMEN Project impacts on women will primarily be felt during the construction phase. They are related to the fact that women are primarily responsible for field work and crops’ production. It is represented by a younger group since 30.0% of them are aged between 16 and 35 years old and 48.4% are under 15 years of age. About 27.8% of households (74) are headed by a woman. During the construction and exploitation phases, the Project's impacts on gender equality are mainly related to employment opportunities and land use by women. In the Project area, traditional cultural norms play an important role in women and girls' education, paid employment and other benefits. Lost land and subsequent crop losses (annual and perennial) caused by the Project could affect both men and women. Cash compensations are likely to increase the vulnerability and marginalization of women since, generally, in rural settings, women are not much involved in financial decision making within households. This situation increases the risk for women, as many examples show that men may tend to use compensation for purposes other than those for which they are dedicated (reconstruction, acquisition of land, amounts allocated to the compensation) and to leave their families. This is why it is important to make compensations in kind (i.e. land for land and house for house) rather than a cash compensation or establish some control and information mechanisms to reduce those risks. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 6-4 6.4 IMPACTS ON VULNERABLE GROUPS As mentioned previously, the RPF considers that factors that can make certain households more vulnerable than others are sickness or handicap of the head of household or of a household’s member (75 households in the surveyed area), households headed by woman (74 households in the surveyed area) and household that own only one land parcel that is likely to be impacted by the Project (105 households in the surveyed area). Women that are head of households represent 27.8% (74 households) of the impacted households within the 55m wide proxy wayleave. In addition, 42 heads of household are widowed, but none are younger than 18 years. Moreover, there are also an estimated 41 heads of household who are handicapped or chronically ill and 75 households have to take care of one or more of their members that are either handicapped or chronically sick (excluding the HofH) 1. Vulnerable people are more likely to experience difficulties with resettlement than other physically or economically displaced persons. Moving, rebuilding, relocating may take longer due to their abilities. Furthermore, on the economic level, some PAPs may suffer significant impacts on their incomes (e.g. loss of agricultural production or income from trade). Specific mitigation measures, such as prioritizing local people and businesses for job opportunities and procurement, participation of able members of these households to work on their land (cutting, trees, reconstruction, etc.), leaving them to make use of cut trees, salvage material from displaced houses or other structures (houses, shelter, etc.), could help these economically vulnerable households increase their survival and revenues. At the same time, some vulnerable people are at greater risk of fraud, theft or threat, especially when compensations are in cash. Compensation distribution can make these people more vulnerable to social and family pressures that would reduce their ability to use the funds. The negative impacts can be mitigated by assuring the collaboration of legitimate leaders and an adequate follow-up with the PAPs regarding compensation distribution and management. As for those households (105 cases) that have only one land parcel and whose land is inside the ROW, the impoverishment risk is high. In the majority of these cases, a large portion (+20%) of the parcel is inside the ROW, so a new parcel must be found. Each of these PAPs will be helped and ESCOM will pay for a new parcel for the PAP to comply with World Bank standards. Administrative burden of compensation procedures must be reduced to minimal especially for the vulnerable households giving them timely information, enhanced access that reduces their strain in the compensation process and ultimately minimize incidental costs to them. 6.5 RISKS The risks foreseen for this Project are related to the following issues: 1. Compensation and resettlement: Poor management of compensation and reconstruction can create a lot of frustration among PAPs and delay the Project. Transparency in compensation schedule and scales, supervision of the process by a witness NGO, rapid creation of the Local Resettlement Committee and the grievances mechanisms, early implementation of the RAP are all measures that are proposed here to reduce this risk. 2. Encroachments: Some encroachment by opportunists who would like to receive compensation can occur. The village heads and PAPs will have to be sensitized to the cut-off-date (after what no new structures will be allowed in the ROW) during the surveys associated to the RAP and the last stage of the consultation. The rapid implementation of the Project will also help to minimize this risk. 1 1 See breakdown of vulnerable groups in section 5.2.4 WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-5 3. Workers: In some projects, workers site have attracted people hoping to find a job or small commercial activities to make-shift construction and small camp. The arrival of this population and activities can created some clash with established population and environmental problems (water pollution from refuse and excreta, etc.). These risks are very low since line construction sites keep moving. Nonetheless, it is required that local authorities be sensitized to this risk. Rapid dismantlement of any opportunity of encroachment of the worksite will be organized by local police and all contractors follow a strict “official” recruitment process whereby all workers have to present their application through official offices away from the working site (See ESMP). 4. Difficulty for some households to find new parcels: It is anticipated that in most cases, the PAP will be able (through family, neighborhood ties and the Traditional Authorities) to find a suitable replacement parcel for the loss of parcel under the pylons. However, in the case where no parcel is available, an alternative means of livelihood for the PAP must be found. This can imply for example training and other assistance to develop commercial activities in agricultural transformation or a complete reorientation in a new domain (carpentry, etc.) for the head of households. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 7-1 7 VALUATION AND COMPENSATION 7.1 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA This RPF provides guidance to preparation of RAP which will provide compensation and assistance to the individuals, households and communities that are directly and involuntarily affected by project- induced taking of land, or land use restrictions, resulting in 2:  Relocation or loss of shelter.  Loss of land or other assets, or loss of access to land or other assets.  Loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location. Eligibility to compensation and resettlement assistance under this RPF requires that the affected assets or land-based activities must have been located within the area that is directly affected by Project (i.e. the line’s ROW as well as any land take for the access roads and any other structure or equipment associated with the Project) when the survey is completed and before the cut-off date is established. Ownership or right of usage of affected lands and assets must be legally registered or recognized in the local community. 7.2 CATEGORIES OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS Based on field observations, stakeholder consultations and socio-economic surveys, the following categories of Project affected persons (PAPs) are likely to be eligible to compensation and resettlement assistance:  Owners of dwellings and outlying structures;  Owners of commercial structures;  Renters of dwelling or business structures;  Owners of titled lands (leasehold or freehold);  Owners of customary lands;  Tenant farmers;  District councils (in case of losses of municipal lands);  Communities (for losses of community assets, religious sites, public services/utilities and common productive areas); and  Informal occupants or users of any type of land or commercial structures. From the preliminary baseline assessment, the number of dwellings in the 55m wide proxy wayleave is estimated at 45. In most cases, these are expected to be occupied by the owners. Commercial structures were not found in the proposed 55m wide proxy wayleave. Customary land owners are expected to constitute by far the most important group of PAPs. This category comprises the farmers that have been allocated land under the traditional land tenure system. According to statistics for the Southern Region (NSO, 2012), nearly a fifth of the agricultural plots are farmed by tenant farmers through different forms of agreements and arrangements with land owners. Therefore, tenant farmers are also likely to represent an important group of PAPs. 2 As stated in the WB OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, art. 3 (impacts covered). Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 7-2 7.3 ENTITLEMENT AND COMPENSATION MATRIX Following the apparent gap between Malawi laws on resettlement policy and that of the World Bank, this RPF has been prepared to align with the World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.12 which generally indicates best practices for rehabilitation of livelihoods of people affected by the implementation of the Project. The entitlement and compensation strategies for the different types of losses and categories of PAPs are outlined in Table 7-1 - Entitlement and Compensation Matrix. The matrix follows WB standards which state that: a) all compensations will be at replacement value; b) depreciation and salvage value will not be subtracted from the compensation value; c) PAPs will be allowed to salvage the material; d) market price used will be the current market price. 7.4 COMPENSATION Although in kind compensation is recommended, PAPs will be given the option of cash compensation if desired, but that compensation must be paid through banks. Assistance with bank account opening will also be provided to every PAP. Furthermore, because many social disturbances induced by cash compensation were reported on other projects, it is required to enhance the civic education and sensitization efforts directed to PAPs receiving cash compensation in order to avoid problems e.g. excessive expenses, abuse of authority, etc. 7.4.1 PRIMARY STRUCTURES The baseline survey shows that a total of 34 households (12.8%) are physically located within the 55m wide proxy wayleave. As required by the World Bank, it is better to rebuild dwellings of a higher quality than the current ones. The replacement houses must provide to PAPs at a minimum, sustainable living standards, which is considered to be the case of a house of 20 m2 made of burnt bricks, with a cement mortar floor, and a corrugated iron roof (compensation cost 47,000 MWK/m2 in Mwanza, 50,000 MWK/m2 in Neno and 48,000 MWK/m2 in Balaka) 3. The Project will maintain this standard. All compensation rates are presented in Appendix 5. A budget of 75,781,840 MWK has therefore been calculated for the reconstruction of all affected primary structures (Table 7-2). If possible, affected houses will be rebuilt a few meters from their current location (outside the wayleave). The structures will have to be moved on another land parcel that belongs to the same household or on a new land to be purchased. In each case, the new parcel must be located near the Project area. In the case of a compound, if only one (1) primary structure is impacted, it is still required to move the entire compound. The organization of the structure will be discussed with each household to determine the layout of the rooms. Although in kind compensation is preferred, PAPs must be given the option of cash compensation if desired. The possibility of reconstruction will also be offered to the households while being supervised and constrained to respect predetermined standards. The baseline survey indicated that approximately 17 affected households located within the 55m wide proxy wayleave do not own land outside it, and therefore a new piece of land will have to be found and bought for relocation and the reconstruction of the property. It is estimated that 200 m2 per house (residential land) is necessary to move them. Based on the average price of 200 MWK per square meter in the region, the cost for parcels – the parcel for the reconstruct of the 45 structures and the 3 Note that the primary structures budget is based on the market value rather than replacement value. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 7-3 residential parcel to compensate for the 27 households who already have one that they can use – is expected to be 1,800,000 MWK. To these costs must be added all the administrative costs and taxes (registration fees, land taxes, etc.). This amounts to 7,758,184 MWK. Moving and disturbance allowances must also be added, bringing the grand total for primary structures to 105,426,392 MWK (145,416 USD). All relevant purchase charges are included in that estimate. Table 7-2 presents the compensation costs according to these materials. 7.4.2 SECONDARY STRUCTURES The baseline survey shows that approximately 20 households have a total of 39 secondary structures within the 55m wide proxy wayleave. They are: latrines/bathrooms, kitchens and livestock shelters. The total replacement costs represent 1,676,000 MWK. All these toilets and latrines will respect at the minimum the requirements of “improved sanitation” of at least a ventilated improved latrine (VIP). These ones, whose the area will be 3 m2, will be constructed with burnt bricks, iron roofed, cement floor, plus two chamber system. Furthermore, approximately 28 households with a house in the 55m wide proxy wayleave do not have a latrine or toilet. The reconstruction of these houses must also include sanitation facilities. Thus, the latrines construction for displaced homes will amount to 1,260,000 MWK. Provision of wood efficient stoves is required where kitchens are to be constructed, in order to reduce the consumption of firewood or charcoal and to create best practice examples within the communities. These stoves are inexpensive (1,500-2,000 MK (below $ 5)) and are produced in local potteries. These stoves will be included in the resettlement package for households that have an affected kitchen. In total 18 kitchens will be added for a total of 90,000 MWK. All relevant purchase charges are included in that estimate. The total compensation for secondary structures will therefore amount to approximately 3,026,000 MWK (4,174 USD). This estimate is subject to confirmation during the RAP preparation, and include the usual ancillary facilities/annexes and community areas, such as kraal, barn, hennery, etc. 7.4.3 COMMUNITY STRUCTURES AND NATURAL SITES With regard to the community assets in the 55m wide proxy wayleave, there is one (1) church, one (1) cemetery and one (1) community borehole. The amount attributed to compensations are: 900,000 MWK for the church, 5,000,000 MWK for the cemetery and 4,500,000 for the borehole totaling an estimated 10,400,000 MWK (14,345 USD). Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 7-5 Table 7-1 Entitlement Matrix Type of Loss PAPs Entitlement Nature of Compensation Compensation at full replacement cost of primary structures (houses) In-kind or cash, as preferred by PAP Dwellings occupants, including informal Compensation at full replacement cost of secondary structures associated to the dwelling or to any productive activity Cash occupants but except for Moving allowance Cash renters Disturbance allowance Cash Compensation at full replacement cost Cash Structures1 Business owners Moving allowance Cash Loss of profit allowance (covering for two (2) months’ business or time necessary to re-establish business) Cash Moving allowance Cash Renters Disturbance allowance, allowance equivalent to unexpired portion of the lease and assistance in locating suitable property Cash In case of high vulnerability, an option to be included in the resettlement housing Compensation at full replacement cost for land under the towers + transaction costs Cash Compensation at full replacement cost for land outside the tower base if the remaining portion of the plot is uneconomic to cultivate Cash Partial compensation for land under the overhead lines (easement agreement). The value of the compensation will be no less than 10% of the market value of the land. The calculation of the compensation will be Owners (titled and based on the income losses induced by land use restrictions under the line over the period required to replace the income sources. This however excludes the incomes derived from trees (as these are covered by Cash customary lands) the compensation proposed for crops and trees, below). Lands For farmers losing 20% or more of their productive land: Assistance in finding new land to farm + Cost of acquiring, clearing and preparing replacement land of similar characteristics in the same area. In-kind (assistance) and cash (costs) Assistance through agricultural extension services over a transition period of three (3) years. In-kind Assistance in finding new land to farm In-kind Tenant farmers Allowance equivalent to unexpired portion of the lease Cash District Councils Replacement of municipal land losses through community investment / development project to be agreed with PIU at RAP implementation In-Kind Owners (formal or Compensation at market value for any loss production if annual crops Cash Crops and productive trees informal) Compensation at market value (full replacement cost) over the period required for the new crops or trees to reach maturity Cash Severance pay equal to three (3) months average pay Cash Permanent loss (displacement of Monthly unemployment support (half of monthly average pay staring above poverty level + assistance in finding a job for up to one (1) year) Cash business) for all Reorientation assistance Cash Loss of income due to loss concerned PAPs of employment at affected Transitional assistance to ensure access to food and health services during transition Cash businesses Severance pay equal to three (3) months average pay Cash Temporary loss (relocation of business) Monthly unemployment support (half of monthly average pay staring above poverty level + assistance in finding a job for up to one (1) year) Cash and in-kind for all concerned PAPs Cash compensation equal to one half average monthly Cash Community assets Fees for required rituals Cash Graveyard Assistance in relocation of tombs Cash or in-kind, as preferred by PAPs Boreholes Construction of replacement boreholes In-Kind Community equipment (school, church, football Construction of new assets outside of the ROW In-kind ground etc.) Firewood fetching area Reforestation in areas identified by the communities In-kind Natural resources access Maintain or provide alternative access to livelihoods resources In-kind or cash Animals or pastoral sites Assistance with translocation of any animal and domestic animals as needed, assistance in finding new land, pastoring and watering holes or sites for animals In-kind or cash Notes: 1 All compensations will be at replacement value; b) Depreciation and salvage value will not be subtracted from the compensation value; c) PAPs will be allowed to salvage the material; d) market price used will be current market price. Vulnerable people, in addition to entitlements as listed above, are entitled to special assistance from the project as needed to participate effectively in the resettlement process. Entitlements are presented separately for each category of affected household/entity; some households may qualify for entitlements in more than one category (for example, a household that is physically and economically displaced may qualify for the entitlements for both these categories. e.g. households losing their residential structure and losing agricultural land). Although in kind compensation is preferred, PAPs will be given the option of cash compensation if desired. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 7-6 7.4.4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND PARCELS The compensation allocated for the purpose of harvest loss during the construction phase will vary depending on whether or not people have time to harvest. Compensation for crop losses will be calculated during the project implementation phase, based on harvests 4. As mentioned in chapter 5 (section 5.2.5.2), an estimated 266 households have a cultivated land in the 55m wide proxy wayleave. The 96,161 m2 of annual crops located under the towers (169 pylons X 529 m2) will be compensated (57,395,442 MWK or 79,166 USD). The compensation is at the market price for one (1) year of production. Almost all crops registered are annual. For the sake of this estimation the production of one year is estimated. At the RAP implementation, distinction will be made for those cases where perennial crops are destroyed. A compensation will then be proposed that accounts for the time needed for the crop to reach maturity. A compensation for agricultural production is also calculated for crop damage during the construction of the line. Compensation is based on loss of income from land use restrictions under the line for one (1) year. The compensation associated to the loss of agricultural production amounts is estimated at 393,770,673 MWK (543,132 USD). A piece of land must also be bought to replace the affected parcels under the towers. According to the prices of land in the region (value 200 MWK/m2), this compensation is estimated at 19,668,220 MWK (27,129 USD). For farmers who will lose 20% or more of their productive land, assistance in the search for new lands, clearing and preparation of these ones (upgrading) and acquisition costs must be considered. Since the location of the pylons is not yet determined, the cost associated with these substantial losses will have to be determined in the RAP. 7.4.5 TREES Households (approx.205) in the 55m wide proxy wayleave have approximately 5,613 fruit trees. All trees will have to be cut and compensated 5, and cannot be replanted in the area of the line. This will be a permanent loss over the years. All trees natural or planted in the ROW will be registered for compensation. Among them we found fruit and lumber trees. The total compensation for affected trees is estimated at 69,390,574 MWK (95,711 USD). All tree compensations were estimated for a mature tree. Tree valuation was performed using the 2010 Forest Gazette values for assessing indigenous and exotic trees. The Department of Forestry has endorsed the gazetted prices which are currently in use and the Local councils are also using the same rates. These are thus prevailing market prices for natural as well as exotic trees. At the RAP preparation, the final survey will register trees’ degree of maturity and compensate accordingly. 7.4.6 ACCESS ROADS AND WORKERS CAMPS The allowance required for temporary workers to access roads is budgeted to account for the damages or temporary impacts on land for which the owners must be compensated. The budget for these damages is estimated at 33,833,653 MWK (5% of the RAP). 4 The given price per kg for each crop has been multiplied to its yield per m2 to get the compensation amount per m2. This amount was then multiplied by the area of each crop. The compensation rates per crop are presented in Appendix 5. 5 The number of trees has been multiplied by the amount of compensation established per tree. The compensation rates per tree are presented in Appendix 5. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 8-1 8 INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION STRATEGIES Livelihood Restoration measures will be outlined in the RAP in consultation with affected persons, communities, local leaders, District Councils, NGOs and other relevant stakeholders. The World Bank (WB)’s OP, 4.12 paragraph (6c), states the following: ”Displaced persons should be offered support after displacement, for a transition period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living; and provided with development assistance, such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, in addition to the compensation they receive.’’ Additionally, WB OP 4.12, paragraph (2c), requires that displaced individuals be given assistance for their efforts to improve their living standards or to at least restore them to the highest standard between pre-displacement or standards prevailing prior to the beginning of the project implementation. In an effort to define income and develop livelihood restoration strategies, the developer must involve participation for purposes of fostering ownership at an early stage. Assistance will be especially critical to the individual that is to be relocated far away, due to reconstruction costs that may be otherwise avoided. 8.1 COMMUNITIES WITHIN THE TRANSMISSION LINE’S CORRIDOR Within the 32 communities crossed by the 55m wide proxy wayleave, only one (1) structure (a church) and 2 community assets (cemetery and borehole) are affected. It is required to inform the PAPs and communities at least one (1) year before the start of the construction and to allocate 10,400,000 MWK for the reconstruction of the affected community structures. In all cases, except if the community leaders choose otherwise, the new structure will be located near the previous one (ideally on land already belonging to the affected community to reduce disruption of community life, established spatial organization and services). Note that the community survey that was undertaken proved that the church could be moved on an available land outside the wayleave already belonging to the community. Many communities along the wayleave have experienced workers that can be hired during the construction phase (Tables 5-7 and 5-8). Local experienced workers and entrepreneurs with necessary experience and capacity will be given work opportunities, if applicable. Also, as suggested through consultations, the contractors will liaise with village chiefs to maximize local hiring as well as the purchase of local materials and services. The Community Compensation Fund (CCF) of 212,461,250 MWK is a local fund that can be utilized to improve existing community facilities and services by funding the construction or refurbishment of public buildings (schools), services (dispensaries) and infrastructures (water supply, roads). Equitable distribution of the fund is required. Communities must receive compensation based on both the length of the wayleave within their community and the number of households affected. A calculation method for the distribution of the CCF is proposed below. Again, community leaders will be consulted and involved in the choice and implementation of these actions. 8.2 LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION AND IMPROVEMENT Different restoration packages will be required for each of the various categories of PAPs and will depend on the type and magnitude of loss suffered, the vulnerability level of the PAP’s household, the indicated preferences associated to their family characteristics and other relevant circumstances. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 8-2 In the development of the measures for the livelihood restoration and improvement, some guiding principles have been considered:  Plan and negotiate livelihood restauration and improvement activities with displaced persons;  Implement pilot activities where possible;  Focus on investments rather than direct interventions;  Give priority to the replacement of existing livelihood activities;  Create, foster and enhance networks with government and existing civil society organizations and stakeholders. 8.2.1 LAND BASE The 34 affected households that will lose a piece of land will receive sufficient compensation to have the possibility to buy a new land, should the ROW take more than 20% of their parcel. Additionally, monetary compensation for loss of crop space will be allocated to PAPs who lose less than 20% of their parcel. Further investigations paired with experience on similar projects indicate that in most cases it would be difficult and cumbersome for the proponent to find and propose replacement land for different reasons (risk of speculation, administrative burden, PAP lack of trust, etc.). It is thus preferable to propose to the PAPs that they find alternative parcels and liaise with the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) – who will ensure PAPs do not resettle within the limits of the Tsambani Forest Reserve. Cash compensation will thus be provided to the PAPs to provide them with an opportunity to purchase new land. PAPs must be assisted in the following ways:  Sufficient time to find and evaluate their option and possible replacement land and organize the resettlement;  Support for all legal aspects of the transaction;  All “transaction costs” such as registration fees, transfer taxes, or customary tributes are to be compensated by the Project developer;  Adequate control of PAPs’ use of compensations by Project authorities through different mechanisms like progressive verification of land purchase will be taken. PAPs whose crops are to be negatively impacted by the Project will be provided seedlings and seeds for their gardens and crops on their replacement land. For farmers who will lose 20% or more of their productive land, assistance in the search for new lands, clearing and preparation of these ones (upgrading) and acquisition costs must be considered. Since the location of the pylons is not yet determined, the cost associated with these substantial losses will have to be determined in the RAP. Furthermore, the replacement parcel land will be improved (fertilized, tilled, weeded, fenced, etc.) to reach the productive condition of the original land. Affected households will be paid by the Project to do this work as much as possible. Additionally, technical assistance will be provided for at least a three-year period to help the impacted households improve their situation. As discussed in chapter 9, a member of the Project Implementation Unit will be an experienced development specialist. The PIU will also ensure coordination with governmental agricultural departments for the coordination and efficiency of the work. This specialist will assess concerns, needs and the most relevant aspects of livelihood improvement with PAPs and local administration as well as it will propose improvement and support activities. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 8-3 This help must include the following:  Practical training courses on improved agricultural techniques;  Improved crop varieties;  Fertilization;  Small scale irrigation;  Animal traction and related equipment;  Post-harvest grain conservation;  Agroforestry, other relevant techniques. If possible training and services to ensure that the PAPs understand the scope of work will be delivered by an experienced organization providing a permanent presence in the area. Women will be targeted as a specific group of interest, with specific engagement methodologies. To this effect a female social worker will be included in the PIU and dedicated engagement with women. Women will be informed of the RAP’s activities such as compensation payments, training opportunities, agricultural production programs and other allowances specific to women. 8.2.2 TREES A total of 5,613 natural and planted trees are present on a small number of parcels within the 55m wide proxy wayleave. These will be destroyed during the construction of the transmission line since no trees taller than 5 meters can be kept in the wayleave. Compensation to households will be allocated according to the prescribed rates up to approximately 69,390,574 MWK (see section 7 for details). The PIU will help the affected households to plant trees to restore their source of income and livelihoods. 8.2.3 STRUCTURES In a limited number of cases, houses and other structures that are located in the 55m wide proxy wayleave will have to be displaced. A replacement house will be provided to PAPs with minimum, sustainable living standards, which is considered to be the case for a burnt bricks, cement mortar floor, corrugated iron roof house (compensation cost approx.40,000 MWK/m2). The Project will not go lower than this standard. As mentioned, to this amount (the valuation for replacement dwellings) a cost for sanitation facilities (irrespective of if the household possessed a toilet before or not) must be added. A budget of 1,260,000 MWK has been calculated for these facilities. Toilet construction will respect at the minimum the requirements of “improved sanitation” at least a ventilated improved latrine, VIP) where houses are not connected to municipal water supply. These ones, which the area will be 3 m2, will be constructed with burnt bricks, iron roofed, cement floor, plus two chamber system. Provision of wood efficient stoves is required where kitchens are to be constructed, in order to reduce the consumption of firewood or charcoal and to create best practice examples within the communities. These stoves are inexpensive (1 500-2 000 MK (below $ 5)) and are produced in local potteries. These stoves will be included in the resettlement package. Those buildings must therefore be rebuilt on new land where the risk of spatial disruption of household activities is the lowest. All necessary steps will be taken by the ESCOM PIU and District Councils to make sure that the PAPs find a suitable land for reconstruction and enough time for reconstruction and proper compensation is allocated. Reconstruction is to be done on parcels adjacent to the piece of land being displaced, at best. Again, to reduce the risk of compensation mismanagement and impoverishment of the households, the PIU will manage the way compensation is spent by the PAPs. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 8-4 Progressive instalment will be applied through two (2) steps of the operation: first the land and construction material purchase and second, upon verification of the built structure. Reconstruction performed by households under the supervision of a qualified professional hired by PIU must be prioritized to ensure the quality of the structure and to help maximize their revenue from resettlement. 8.2.4 MOVING ALLOWANCE The Project shall provide for transportation of PAP’s salvaged materials to the new residential site within the local community. A moving allowance of 200$ USD shall be included in the resettlement package. A distance based moving allowance is considered not assessed as the distances will generally not be long (few 100 m). If no local sites are available, the transport allowance shall cover full costs of the move to the closest available sites that are comparable to the affected plot. 8.2.5 DISTURBANCE ALLOWANCE The Project shall provide a disturbance allowance to cover time lost from other efforts in addressing moving and other activities associated with resettlement. PAPs will be given an advance notice of 30 days and requested to vacate the premises. They will get the opportunity to dismantle affected structures prior to Project implementation and they won’t have to bear the cost of demolition. Construction materials that PAPs chose to re-use will not be confiscated and they will not pay any fine or suffer any sanction. Remaining structures and unused material will be dismantled by the implementing agency. The disturbance allowance is equivalent to 20% of the compensation awarded for structures. 8.2.6 COMPENSATION FOR LOSS OF INCOMES The Project shall provide an allowance for loss of profit for displaced businesses. A flat rate of 300 USD shall be used, equivalent to the allowance for “loss of profit” for businesses. It is assumed that the forgone income of the business will be compensated at full replacement value in the RAP. 8.2.7 VULNERABLE GROUPS A special focus must be given to the livelihood improvement of vulnerable groups prior to the construction of the Project. Vulnerable groups include low income families, women, child headed households or those with disabled members. Vulnerable households will be consulted at the onset of the operation to evaluate their concerns and needs. Special help that could be provided include, amongst others:  Support to open bank account;  Help for administrative transactions (land titling);  Relocation logistics and other support for the physically resettled households such as:  Transport assistance;  Reconstruction advice (on materials, type of structures, etc.) to ensure the quality of construction.  Psychological support (information, counseling, discussion);  Special transitional funds specific to vulnerable households. Members of affected households must also benefit from the proposed training programs. Household members within vulnerable households are to be given priority for the allocation of Project related employment and other benefits. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 8-5 The PIU will assess the applicability of lessons learned from previous projects with relevance to the planned resettlement and compensation activities. The PIU will therefore propose compensation in kind (house reconstruction, equivalent in locally bought food for crop damage) because this type of compensation tends to protect the weakest in the community (females and children, vulnerable people) while cash compensation has been shown to be detrimental to them (Cernea, 1988). Approximately142 vulnerable households (where either the woman or a disabled individual is head of household) will receive an income supported allocation of 1 USD/day for each member of the household for 30 days. This is allocated due to the inconvenience and time constraint related to the resettlement of their primary structures. When cash compensations is the only acceptable option, the following possible mitigation measures must also be examined and implemented when feasible:  Women must be the ones handling compensation where a matrilineal system is practiced;  Where the husband owns the land, both husband and a wife must be signatories to the bank account that will be opened;  In children headed families, an elder child and siblings can be signatories to the bank. However, Chiefs/Village Committee can assess the responsible siblings to handle the money issues;  Awareness programs on issues directed towards authorities, local administrators and communities;  Assistance of the PIU to inform and assist vulnerable people and groups;  Seeking full consent of females in the households and explaining to them the proposed compensation options;  Opening of joint bank account to husband and wife to receive and use cash compensation;  Payment of large amounts of cash compensation (larger than 500 USD) through carefully distributed instalments (it can be over several months) to mitigate the potential for cash misuse. 8.2.8 ADDITIONAL MEASURES: NON-FARM COMPONENTS 8.2.8.1 EMPLOYMENT AND OTHER BENEFITS Priority must be given to all able bodied members of resettled households during the labour recruitment process. This applies to the following employment and contract opportunities: clearing of the wayleave path; porterage for movement of construction materials to transmission pylon development and other sites, construction of access roads and construction camps, reconstruction of community buildings and houses, provision of services and goods to the workers; administration of the compensation program, monitoring activities, etc. Furthermore, all the affected households and communities will be given all the wood that is cut on their parcel for their own use or sale. The materials salvaged from the affected structures must also be left to the affected households and communities. All goods and services (sand, cement, food, etc.) must be bought locally when possible. This applies to all contractors and specific provisions to that effect must be included in the construction Terms of Reference. 8.2.9 COMMUNITY MEASURES: COMMUNITY COMPENSATION FUND (CCF) The project will have many impacts on land use and on many households and the positive impacts of the communities are limited to jobs during construction. It is therefore required to dedicate some funds to general development objectives, with communities taking the lead in determining which Project they wish to prioritize and implement as well as how the Project must be implemented. An engagement Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 8-6 program will be put in place at the onset of the RAP implementation to inform and engage the leaders and communities of the importance of prioritizing their objectives. It is proposed that the equivalent of 1% of the Project’s total cost of construction be added to the cost of the Project to finance the CCF. The CCF amounts to 353,060 USD. The CCF aims at providing impacted communities with developmental benefits beyond mitigation impacts, household and community compensations for loss of assets. The following principles are proposed to shape the Project approval process and organise the CCF:  Focus on quick-impact social infrastructure or environmental improvement projects;  Allocate to each community a portion of the total budget which is proportional to the magnitude of the impacts they are experiencing;  Assist communities in identifying eligible projects and preparing project documents;  Establish eligibility criteria for projects;  Disburse funds to eligible activities based on procedures that ensure a control over the actual destination of the funds by the PIU; To insure an equitable distribution of the CCF to each community, a formula to allocate community development funds to a given community must be based on:  The magnitude of impacts (length of the electric line crossing the community);  The proportion of permanent population living in the community;  Minimum amount for villages with small population and small length of transmission lines. Beyond the obvious benefits to communities in terms of social infrastructure, the CCF is also viewed as a means to enhance community self-reliance in prioritizing projects and project implementation capacity that is built within the community. The proposed formula (to be used in Malawi) is the following:  I: the community;  L: the total length of the transmission system (km);  N: the total number of affected communities in the country;  P: the total population of all communities intersected (number of individuals including both affected and non-affected people);  Li: the length of the transmission system in community (in km);  Pi: the population of the community (number of individuals);  Avg(li): the average length of transmission system intersection (L/N);  Avg(pi): the average community population (number of individuals) (P/N);  B: is the total budget allocated to the whole CCF for the interconnection system;  Bi: is the budget allocated for a community.  li pi  bi = B N •  x0.3 + x0.3 + 0.4  Avg (li ) Avg ( pi )  WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 8-7 This formula gives equal weight to population and length of impact (each weighed by a coefficient of 0.3). Through the coefficient of 0.4, a minimum amount is made available to smaller communities with limited impacts (no community will get less than B/N x 0.4). Areas where the electrical line intersects with large estates will not be considered to be community- land and excluded from the calculation. In the context of the utilization of the community compensation fund, it will be an interesting avenue, to reflect on the creation of a guiding framework inspired by the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) for assuring positive livelihood outcomes and improve the living standards of the communities affected by the project. For more information, a document presented by the Department for International Development is available: http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0901/section2.pdf . Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 9-1 9 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR RPF IMPLEMENTATION 9.1 ACTORS INVOLVED AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE This section highlights relevant institutions through which the planning and implementation of the RPF for the Project will be conducted. A number of institutions were identified and consulted and will be involved in the overall implementation of this RPF. These include:  Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining (MNREM);  Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited (ESCOM);  Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development (MAIWD);  Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning and Urban Development (MLPPUD);  Regional Lands Office – South;  Local Government Areas (LGAs)/District Councils;  District Tasks Forces;  Local Resettlement Committees (LRCs). 9.2 PROCEDURES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The responsibilities and roles of each of the institutions are discussed in detail in the ESIA study report. We briefly present the main functions of those involved in resettlement in the following paragraphs. 9.2.1 MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES, ENERGY AND MINING (MONREM) All consultation efforts are coordinated by the Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining, through the Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited (ESCOM). MONREM is responsible for the overall environmental policy of the country. It has the responsibility for ESIA implementation and approval. It will monitor the implementation of mitigation measures, when the Project starts. 9.2.2 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY CORPORATION OF MALAWI LIMITED (ESCOM) ESCOM will manage and coordinate the entire resettlement process, an provide funds for RAP implementation. It will appoint a consultancy company to prepare the Resettlement Action Plan and will monitor and ensure that the RPF/RAP processes are followed adequately in line with the country’s legislation. ESCOM is responsible for the approval of payment of compensation to PAPs. Payment is effected by ESCOM through the PIU that will be put in place. If necessary, ESCOM will hire Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) or Community Based Organizations (CBO), to accompany the Resettlement Plan and Resettlement Action for the Implementation Plan process. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 9-2 The different responsibilities of ESCOM will be to:  Coordinate and manage the elaboration and implementation of the resettlement plan.  Implement the resettlement plan according to the RPF/RAP documentation and national legislation.  Secure the RAP compensation budget through counterpart funding and pay the stipulated compensations.  Implement the proposed development and social integration programs.  Inform in advance the host community on the resettlement implementation process, Project description and schedule of activities.  Ensure respect for social and cultural dynamics of the host community.  Interact with government authorities to ensure the transfer of services.  Implement and manage a complaints and suggestions system.  Monitor and evaluate the implementation of the resettlement process. 9.2.3 MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, IRRIGATION AND WATER DEVELOPMENT (MOAIWD) The ministry will ensure that the various aspects of the RPF/RAP that are aligned to its mandate are managed within the overall framework of the Local Government Areas/District Councils. 9.2.4 MINISTRY OF LANDS, PHYSICAL PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (MLPPUD) - THROUGH REGIONAL LANDS OFFICE - SOUTH At regional level the Ministry of Lands will be responsible for provision of advice to Local Government Areas/District Councils on resettlement matters including planning, approval of sites and providing legal advice on the same. The Ministry is also responsible for approval of RAPs. 9.2.5 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS (LGA)/DISTRICT COUNCILS Although not explicitly concerned with involuntary resettlement issues, the Local Government Act of 1998 aspires to devolve certain powers to local-level government, and to make local government more transparent and accessible. As such, local government would have a central role in the planning for resettlement within its area of jurisdiction, and would have the capacity available to effect implementation of resettlement planning. Three (3) Local Government Areas (LGAs) are involved in this Project – Mwanza, Neno and Balaka. The roles and responsibilities of the local authorities in this Project shall include the following:  Liaising with the PIU Coordinator (see section 9.4.3 below) to verify adequacy of resettlement location and provide approval for such sites.  Supervise the payment of compensation and livelihood restoration measures.  Providing additional resettlement areas if the designated locations are not adequate.  Provide necessary infrastructures in relocated areas.  Liaise with MONREM and participate in consultations. The participation of LGA will be organized through the creation of a local resettlement committee (LRC) (see below) where LGA representatives / district councils and chiefs of affected communities will discuss resettlement matters and measures with the PIU. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 9-3 At the district level there will be district task forces. The task forces at district level will be composed by subject matter specialists for: Community development, Social welfare, Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Trade, Health, Gender and NGOs working in the area. The District Task Forces act as implementing bodies for RAP related activities at the district level, in Balaka, Mwanza and Neno Districts. They operate as direct partners to the PIU (see section 9.4.3). District subject matter specialists shall contribute with their expertise, their capacity and competence to the implementation of the RAP, corresponding to the different technical areas they represent (i.e. agriculture, social assistance, forestry, etc.). 9.2.6 LOCAL RESETTLEMENT COMMITTEES (LRC) There are in total 32 communities crossed by the Project. Local chiefs/councils and elected representatives of affected PAPs need to be involved with LGA authorities in the RAP implementation to ensure proper management of compensation processes, reconstruction and Community Compensation Fund (CCF) project management. It is proposed that three (3) LRCs, one per district, be created. The composition of these LRCs would be:  LGA Lands or works department representative.  Traditional Authority (TA) of the district.  Three (3) representatives of affected PAP with at least one women and a young adult.  One (1) representative of a neutral, respected party, like a respected church priest or Iman, that can act as chairman so meeting procedures are followed.  One (1) representative of the Group Village Heads (the representative of the most affected village or the most populated affected village).  Political representative of the district or his representative.  Representative of ESCOM.  Representative of the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development.  Witness NGO. LCRs are considered as local partners for the implementation of the RAP and work with the PIU to ensure proper and equitable treatment to all PAP and communities. They will:  Offer assistance to identify and select the resettlement sites.  Be witnesses of the final agreement with the PAP in relation to compensation valuation, signing of agreements with households and selection of resettlement sites.  Be involved in monitoring procedures, particularly the monitoring of management by the PAP of financial compensation and advancement of recovery measures.  Identify vulnerable people and households and work with PIU to address specific concerns of these peoples.  Be involved in the second level of the grievance process (see section 10.2). This could be done through regular meetings of the LRCs organized by the PIU (see section 9.4.3). Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 9-4 9.2.7 WITNESS NGO To enhance transparency and trust from PAPs it is suggested that a witness NGO be retained, through a public procurement and selection process to provide independent advice and report on RAP implementation and management focusing on consultation activities, compensation and resettlement related activities and grievances management. This NGO will review PIU reports, meet with PAPs, check implementation of the measures, reconstruction, etc. in the field and provide comments and recommendations. The NGO will act as focal point for anonymous complaints. 9.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT Responsibilities in the implementation and monitoring of the RAP are shared between district authorities and ESCOM. In this context, and to encourage the coordination of decisions as well as application of the various measures in an appropriate way, ESCOM will set up a Project Management Unit (PMU) and Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to be responsible for the project RAP implementation. Furthermore, a LRC at the district Council will be put in place and a witness NGO must be invited/procured to participate to the process. The figure below illustrates the functioning of such institutional arrangements. Minitry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining (MNREM) Ministry of Electricity Supply Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Irrigation Corporation of Physical Planning and and Water Malawi Limited Urban Development Development (ESCOM) (MLPPUD) (MAIWD) Existing ministerial Project Witness NGO institutions Management Unit (PMU) Entities to be created for the Project Project Implementation Unit (PIU) Private service Supervising providers to be Consultant sourced Local Reporting relationship Resettlement Contractor Committees Advisory role Figure 9-1 Institutional Arrangements for RAP Implementation 9.3.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (PMU) ESCOM will establish a PMU, consisting of a Technical Committee and an Environmental and Social Committee. The Technical Committee shall be composed of technical experts able to ensure compliance with construction standards included in the plans and specifications, bidding documents and contracts. This Committee will be composed of engineers and experts supervised by a coordinator appointed from ESCOM. It is required that this committee meet on a monthly basis at least. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 9-5 The Environment and Social Committee will be composed of experts from the fields of environment, ecology, agronomy and sociology, etc., and ensure proper implementation of the environmental and social management measures contained in the ESMP, but also the RAP. These experts will be from the professional staff of ESCOM, and from district and local authorities. These are:  Lands or Works department of LGAs/DCs.  Balaka, Mwanza and Neno Districts, Regional Lands Office and Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining specialists.  Land Use Advisory and Allocation Committee of the Balaka, Mwanza and Neno District Councils.  Representatives (4) of Local chiefs from affected communities. Acting under the authority of the coordinator, the committee will meet on a bi-monthly basis in the first weeks of the project, and then on a monthly basis, or more, as necessary. 9.3.2 WITNESS NGO To enhance transparency and trust from PAPs it is suggested that a witness NGO, recognized and credible in the Project area, be retained, through a public procurement and selection process, by the PMU to provide independent advice, oversight on RAP implementation and management focusing on consultation activities, compensation and resettlement related activities and grievances management. This NGO could be a Human Right advocacy group or a NGO active in rural development. This ‘outside’ look will ensure that proper procedures and stated compensation processes are followed, that PAP grievances are well taken care of, and that PAP are treated with fairness. This mode of supervision was experienced in other projects and gave good results in terms of reduction of grievances in particular. This NGO will review PIU reports, meet with PAP, check implementation of the measures, reconstruction, etc. in the field and provide comments and recommendations. All PAPs will be informed of the NGO’s role and function and need to have access to its representatives, in a confidential manner if need be, to explain and discuss their difficulties of grievances. 9.3.3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (PIU) Responsibility for the good implementation of the RAP lies with ESCOM. It is thus it’s responsibility to insure the creation of the PIU and the hiring of the witness NGO, with the help of the Environmental and Social Committee of the PMU, at least one (1) year before the start of construction activities to insure implementation of resettlement. This structure will take care of the implementation of the RAP, including the monitoring activities and implementation of the CCF. This PIU must be in place to monitor the construction activities and impacts on households, and also implement the projects funded through the CCF. It is estimated that the PIU will need to operate at full capacity for 36 to 48 months (one (1) year before the start of construction and all along during construction ), after which, a limited team will monitor the long term impact on communities and households. The PIU will be directed by a Coordinator who will supervise the work. The responsibilities of the PIUwill include:  Provide information on activities and consultation with the PAPs.  Maintain an inventory of the goods to be resettled and a detailed valuation of the compensations. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 9-6  Ensure proper information and participation of PAPs and affected communities.  Manage compensation payments.  Monitor the resettlement work.  Implement community-approved projects financed through the CCF.  Identify the witness NGO to be hired and facilitate their involvement in the consultation activities, compensation and resettlement related activities.  Produce monitoring reports (see below) for the RAP implementation to appropriate government authorities, ESCOM and the contractor in charge of the line construction. The PIU will rely on a team of professionals and support staff able to conduct all the following tasks. It is required that the PIU have at least:  Support staff: secretarial services, drivers, security and legal personnel, general accountants.  Survey, Identification & Appraisal Team: surveyors, appraisers, “option disclosure and agreement” officers in charge of relations with each PAP household (negotiation, compensation payment, PAP feed-back, etc.).  Resettlement (house and community structures): ad-hoc urban planner and architect (consultants), engineers / construction supervisors.  Resettlement (house and community structures): ad-hoc urban planner and architect (consultants), engineers/construction supervisors.  Cash compensation: compensation officers, accountant, security officer.  Database management: database officers.  Livelihood restoration and community forest: agronomist / agro-foresters.  Assistance to vulnerable people and displaced households: social workers among which at least one woman.  Communication specialist: Community engagement specialist in charge of the information and participation program.  CCF community project: technicians or engineers on ad-hoc basis providing technical advices for community projects. 9.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM To ensure the interests of the affected persons are fully entrenched in the RAP process and income restoration, an engagement program shall be developed at the onset of the RAP implementation process. The objectives of the communication and stakeholder engagement activities are to:  Maintain a social and institutional dialogue with the population, authorities and other concerned organizations about RAP implementation processes at each step ;  Ensure compliance with good public engagement practices, and;  Ensure that the project implementation process contributes to strengthening ESCOM’s efforts to build lasting relationships with affected communities, relevant authorities and other stakeholders. The target groups must be identified using the available information resulting from the various public consultation activities completed during the RPF process (see Chapter 4). This participation will be done through the creation of the Environmental and Social committee of the PMU, the LRCs and a comprehensive program of information and consultation of affected communities and PAPs by PIU. The latter will be responsible for drawing and implementing the SEP. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 9-7 The SEP will make sure that information and consultations concern compensation rules and procedures, livelihood programs, PAP rights, grievance mechanisms, schedules, etc. Communication methods such as leaflets, community meetings with graphical display to help nonliterate people, focus-groups with vulnerable households and women, elderly and youth , radio messages in local languages, recorded approval of the Project by local authorities, organization of PAP access to RAP implementation committees (district), electronic diffusion on the WEB site of EDM, regular meetings with involved services from other ministries (Environment, Agriculture, etc.), etc. 9.5 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY REINFORCEMENT A training program will be implemented as part of the PIU and PMU set-up process, to properly train key personnel involved with the supervision of compensation, evaluation, procedures and implementation of others mitigation and compensation measures. Training on grievance procedures and negotiations will also be provided to the personnel in charge of supervising compensation and resettlement issues. Table 9-1 outlines the training proposed for the PIU and PMU Environmental and Social Committee staff. The training is focused on the practical aspects of compensation and resettlement, compensation process, monitoring and management. The proposed content is a minimum that can be expanded according to PMU and PIU staff expertise and experience. Table 9-1 Training Program Training Conducting Training Recipients Type of Training Issues to be Covered Agency • Overview of the environmental and social issues of the Project • Lecture • Legal requirements on compensation and resettlement, Workshops World Bank OP 4.12 and other donors (if necessary) Environmental and PIU and PMU • social experts, legal Environmental and • Teamwork • Review of RPF/RAP report requirements, implementation advisors and Estate Social Committee • Case studies schedule and activities Surveyors and Valuers • Site visits • Lessons learned from previous projects • Vulnerable groups participation techniques • Monitoring requirements and techniques PIU team of • Grievances management, negotiations and mediation compensation techniques supervisors and • Workshops • Vulnerable groups situation and grievances management Legal and negotiation grievance committee • Lectures • Review of ESMP and RPF/RAP reports, implementation experts members and PMU • Case studies schedule and activities Environmental and Social Committee Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 10-1 10 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS Grievance redress mechanisms are essential tools for allowing project affected persons (PAPs) to voice concerns about the resettlement and compensation process as they arise and, if necessary, for corrective action to be taken in a timely fashion. Such mechanisms are fundamental to achieving transparency in the resettlement process. The grievance redress procedure includes the use of records to determine the validity of claims. It is essential (and a requirement of OP 4.12) that all resettlement projects incorporate a Grievance Redress Mechanism – and one that is accessible, free, easily understood, transparent, responsive and effective, and that does not restrict access to official grievance channels (such as the courts including traditional courts), and causes no fear of negative consequences for its recourse amongst users. Affected individuals and households must be informed about the existence of a grievance redress mechanism. General information regarding the existence of such mechanisms must be made public through community consultations. The objective of the grievance redress mechanism proposed is to respond to the complaints of PAPs in a fast and transparent manner, and to ensure that they have avenues for presenting and redressing their grievances related to any aspect of the RAP. 10.1 OBJECTIVES The objective of the grievance redress mechanism proposed is to respond to the complaints of PAPs in a fast and transparent manner, and to ensure that they have avenues for presenting and redressing their grievances related to any aspect of the RAP. The complaints management protocol provides guidance to ESCOM for the management of complaints of the community and stakeholders throughout the different phases of the Project, including the preparation of the Resettlement Plan and the resettlement implementation phase. This protocol allows:  An understanding of the community’s perception of project risks and impacts so as to adjust its measures and actions to address the community concerns  Informing affected communities and stakeholders about the process which will be followed in response to grievances  Making an effective complaints mechanism, available to the affected communities and stakeholders.  Ensuring that vulnerable groups including women have a safe means to air grievances, particularly in potential cases of gender-based violence linked with resettlement issues.  Mapping community suggestions as an opportunity for continuous improvement; creating or changing an existing system and learning process. 10.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES All grievances related with non-fulfilment of contracts, levels of compensation, or seizure of assets without compensation must be brought to the attention of relevant officers within the District Resettlement Committee including local authorities (at the community and neighborhood levels) and, be dealt with. At the grassroots level, the country does not have unified structures to manage common matters affecting those who live there. However, in all cases, there is always some form of organization and/or representation of the households by entities such as village heads, religious leaders, etc. who represent people living within certain jurisdictions. Depending on the specific cases, these will be chosen to organize and represent Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 10-2 the households throughout the RAP process and particularly during the presentation and redressing of grievances. They must, by themselves and/or assisted by other people, be able to carry out all the secretarial work involved in the process, such as preparing/writing the grievances where needed, collecting them, filing, sending, translating, etc. However, it is important to note that representation may not be imposed; affected people who want to handle the whole process by themselves will be allowed to do so. General grievance forms to be used will be prepared by a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) and made known and available to all potential users. PAPs who are illiterate or who do not understand Portuguese must be able to file grievances with someone acting as their advocate. EDM’s Environmental and Social Management Unit must not discourage the filing of a grievance. The grievance will be captured in the Grievance/Issues Register. The Environmental and Social Management Unit will also help PAPs (if necessary) to fill and sign the forms and its representative needs to be included in the form. 10.3 PARTICIPANTS Considering the complexity of resolving disputes and grievances, all grievances will be addressed through mediations at the lower level of Government and through existing committees. This will ensure that the PAP does not travel long distances or incur advocacy costs. The claims and complaints regarding compensation and resettlement issues will need to be brought to the attention of the village Head first. They will then forward grievances concerning the non-fulfillment of entitlement contracts, levels of compensation or seizure of land and assets without compensation, or temporary loss to the higher levels of authorities, as desired. The Grievance Redress Mechanism is expected to have two (2) interrelated tiers: 1) village/community level, and 2) district level. 10.4 PROCESS 10.4.1 FIRST LEVEL: COMMUNITY LEVEL RESETTLEMENT AND GRIEVANCES REDRESS COMMITTEES At the village/community level, the Resettlement and Grievances Redress Committees will be at GVH (Group of Village Heads) clusters. A committee shall be created for (at the most) five (5) wards affected by the project in the same district 6. The committees may at any time co-opt any member to help in resolving grievances if it seems necessary. Composition of committees as formed is presented below:  Villages Heads;  Village Development Committee (VDC) Chairpersons;  Elected PAP representatives;  Women representatives;  Elder representatives;  Witness NGO. PAPs shall submit grievances in writing, to one of the Village Heads member of the GVH which will register the complaint as the focal point. It will be clear in the RAP implementation communication program that women and other vulnerable PAPs are invited to present their grievances, including in cases of gender-based violence related to resettlement. To that effect, the witness NGO will help all PAPs and especially vulnerable ones and women to present their complaints when needed and will 6 For example, if in a district, 10 wards are impacted by the project, two (2) committees will be formed. If the district has only three (3) wards impacted, only one (1) committee will be created. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 10-3 handle anonymous complaint. Cases of gender-based violence related to resettlement shall be treated as a priority. PAPs will receive an acknowledgement of receipt from the GVH as proof. If the PAP is unable to write, the NGO or the local government shall record the same on behalf of the PAP. Upon receipt of grievance, the village head shall try to resolve the grievance amicably with the active participation of the aggrieved party within five (5) working days from the date of the filing of the grievance. If the grievance is resolved and the PAP is satisfied with the decision, a report shall be prepared by the witness NGO. A copy of the report shall be handed over to the PAP and a copy submitted to PMU for the record. If the grievance is not resolved, the PAP must pass to the second level. Figure 10-1 presents the specific process for each type of grievance. 10.4.2 SECOND LEVEL: DISTRICT LEVEL RESETTLEMENT AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS COMMITTEES If the PAP is not satisfied with the first level’s decision, the case shall be forwarded to the District Resettlement and Grievances Redress Committees (which will be composed by the Local Resettlement Committees. LRC) with a preliminary report prepared by the witness NGO. Composition of these LRC, as formed, is presented in section 9.2.6. The focal point of these committees will be the representative of the Group Village Heads (the representative of the most affected village or the most populated affected village). These committees will:  Represent the interests of PAPs and communities in the district.  Treat cases of gender-based violence related to resettlement as a priority.  Support the Project in identification of PAP and envisaged land, enterprise or livelihood losses.  Act as an appeal and exit point for all grievances lodged by Complainants arising from resettlement activities.  Ensure transparency and accountability during property valuation and loss of livelihood claims through public participation.  Act as ESCOM’s local monitoring and oversight committee on encroachment and lines infrastructure vandalism.  Monitor safety standards, labour requirements and community health issues during construction works and reports to PMU.  Prepare progress reports and present them to the PMU during monthly meetings. The report must have the details of the grievance, a preliminary assessment by RGRC at the village/community level, a hearing date and the decision of local government. Upon receipt of grievance, the committee, if desired, may direct the witness NGO to collect further information related to the grievance and submit the same to the committee for its use while hearing the grievance. The hearing shall be completed within 10 working days of the date of case referral. The date, time and venue of the hearing shall be communicated to the PAP at least five (5) days in advance by the committee. If the grievance is resolved and the PAP is satisfied with the decision, a report of the same shall be prepared by the witness NGO. A copy of the report shall be handed over to the PAP and a copy submitted to the PMU for the record. If the grievance is not resolved, the PAP must pass to the third level. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 10-4 10.4.3 THIRD LEVEL: TRIBUNALS AND/OR COURT SYSTEM If all avenues have been exhausted without success, then the matter will be brought before the existing local court system for the administration of justice by the PAP with the help of the witness NGO. All such decisions must be reached within four (4) months, from the day the complaint is lodged by the PAP to a grievance redress system. If the local courts and Land Tribunals cannot settle the matter, it will go to the High Court for resolution. ESCOM will handle such appeals even after the RAP implementation period has ended. The court’s decision is final. PAP Amicable Solution Resettlement and Grievances Redress Committee at the If grievance is resolved, no First Level community level further action is needed. By Groups of Village Heads Resettlement and Grievances Redress Committee If grievance is resolved, no at the district level further action is needed. Second Level By Local Resettlement Committees Legal Action Tribunals and/or Third Level Court System Figure 10-1 Grievance Redress Process WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 11-1 11 MONITORING AND EVALUATION This step involves the regular collection of data on the status of planned activities under RPF/RAP. It will make it possible to eventually highlight the achievements and / or shortcomings observed between the recommendations as contained in the RPF/RAP and the implementation on the ground in order to take all the necessary measures to remedy this situation and allow the process to reach its end. 11.1 MONITORING The fundamental objective of monitoring in the context of the process of resettlement of populations is to know if the measures required during the development phase of the RAP are effectively implemented. In general, the overall objectives of monitoring are:  monitoring specific situations and difficulties arising during the implementation of RAP;  verifying compliance of operational implementation with ESCOM policy and compliance with Malawi and donor regulations;  verifying that all information and consultation measures planned with the PAPs have been implemented and that the PAPs are aware of the Project and the compensation measures to which they are entitled;  ensuring compensations for lost property, income restoration measures, living conditions and other rights have been properly carried out in accordance with the provisions of the RPF/RAP. Specifically, monitoring will seek to ensure that:  compensations were paid before construction began;  other accompanying measures have been implemented;  moves were normal;  adequate assistance has been provided to vulnerable groups;  all complaints were reviewed and resolved;  the timetable for the process has been met;  the resettlement has not resulted in any new negative impacts or that these are well controlled;  displacement and resettlement of people outside the line are well integrated in their villages without land conflicts and in conditions that respect the environment. Clear and objectively verifiable indicators will be defined to allow effective and efficient monitoring of the process. These include:  Information and consultation meetings with PAPs and communities and the number of PAPs involved;  The number of compensation / displacement agreements accepted by PAPs;  The actual number of households and persons affected by Project activities;  The actual number of households and persons physically displaced as a result of the Project;  The number of vulnerable persons / households, including women-headed households affected by displacement and their relocation / compensation;  The number of households compensated and relocated by the Project;  The number of complaints registered and resolved by type of complaints;  Status of GBV issues;  The total cost of compensation. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 11-2 The definition of these indicators is essential to measure the performance of the Project in terms of the capacity of accompanying during the displacement and resettlement of affected populations in the implementation of the Project. Table 11-1 presents these indicators. Table 11-1 RPF/RAP Monitoring Indicators Monitoring Frequency of Component Indicator Performance Targets Responsibility Measures Monitoring Ensure that dissemination Number and types of of information information sessions for PAPs carried out At least three (3) to PAPs and in villages prior to the information sessions consultation Information start of work per village (at the start procedures and of resettlement, Every 3 months PIU are carried out Checking the consultation payment of in accordance understanding of the compensation and with the rules with the groups grievance resolution) principles set of village heads and out in the the LRCs RPF/RAP Ensure that compensation Financial measures and compensation is paid income Compensations paid to all PAPs before Payment of their move restoration to PAPs and compensation measures are payment dates, All PAPs were and income Each month PIU carried out in income support and compensated as restoration accordance restoration program planned measures with the in place Income restoration principles set measures have been out in the introduced RPF/RAP Ensure that All women affected by women and Compensation paid the Project were vulnerable and other support to compensated to their groups women and satisfaction Gender receive fair vulnerable persons All vulnerable people Each month PIU equality and adequate affected by the have received compensation, Project and payment adequate support as proposed dates No women's complaint in RPF/RAP remained unresolved Ensure that compensation and No unresolved compensation Effective physical complaints from PAPs measures for resettlement before whose houses are Households work affected habitat losses (reinstalled Each month PIU are carried out Number of All PAPs whose on new sites) in accordance complaints from houses are affected with the affected households are compensated as principles set planned out in RPF/RAP Ensure that Number of No unresolved grievances complaints lodged at complaints from PAPs are treated in each GRM level, with accordance All complaints Grievances location of the Each month PIU with the involving gender- complaint, principles set based violence treated anonymous or not, out in as a priority resolved/unresolved RPF/RAP WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 11-3 Number of complaints involving gender-based violence Number of negotiated Ongoing monitoring compensation paid and monthly reports Number of 100% of compensations to be compensations are paid negotiated amicably Long-term Number of claims Continuous monitoring Right the 100% of claims or compensation related to PIU wrongs disputes settled monitoring compensation and amicably compensation recorded No litigation brought before the courts Number of Continuous monitoring complaints resolved Number of cases Continuous monitoring brought to court Moreover, the PIU in charge of monitoring will evaluate the possibility of using other indicators such as:  Distribution of causes of death for those displaced persons under five years of age, youth and adults;  Average household landholding for displaced households including the average landholding for recently married sons;  Degree of food security among displaced households (missed meals per week – seasonally disaggregated);  Number and nature of local micro, small and medium enterprises owned or operated by displaced individuals. 11.2 EVALUATION The evaluation appreciates the successful implementation of the RPF/RAP; if it effectively helps to maintain, or improve, the standard of living of the PAP. For this purpose, the evaluation may be based on the RPF/RAP and various results of socioeconomic surveyes and surveys carried out during the RAP development process. The objectives assigned to the evaluation of social impacts are:  to ensure that the implementation of social measures is aligned with RPF/RAP content, donor policies and national regulatory provisions;  to assess the adequacy of compensation, displacement and resettlement procedures;  to ensure that compensation compensates for actual damage and that PAPs regain their standard of living;  to assess the impact of available resettlement measures on sources of income, levels and living conditions to see whether they meet the requirements of donor resettlement policies;  to decide on the amendments made in the context of the monitoring of the resettlement process with a view to improving it. The evaluation will inform ESCOM of the implementation of the RPF/RAP and enable the shortcomings identified in the resettlement process to be corrected in time. Monitoring of the implementation of the resettlement measures proposed in this RPF will be carried out under the responsibility of ESCOM and implemented by the PIU (see Chapter 9), whose role will include the monitoring, internal evaluation and coordination of resettlement activities. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 11-4 Table 11-2 presents the evaluation indicators to be used to determine the success of the actions undertaken. Table 11-2 RPF/RAP Evaluation Indicators Component Evaluation Measures Indicator/Periodicity Performance Targets PAP claims relating to the standard No complaint concerning the quality or Ensure that the living of living at the host site, re-cultivation standard of living at the host site and the re- standards of affected of plots after work, reforestation, etc. cultivation of affected plots not resolved PAPs’ Quality and / Annual monitoring households have not No major problems experienced by resettled standard of living deteriorated since Problems experienced by the PAPs or PAPs who possess affected plots resettlement relocated PAPs / annual consultation PAPs satisfaction with support measures sessions at the host site and compensation Ensure that the living No complaint concerning the quality or PAP claims on the standard of living standard of living at the host site and the re- standards of female at the host site (monitoring once a heads of households, cultivation of affected plots not resolved Quality of life of year) widows and other No major problems experienced by resettled vulnerable groups Problems faced by resettled vulnerable persons PAPs have not deteriorated vulnerable persons / consultation sessions (each year) at the host site PAPs satisfaction with support measures since resettlement and compensation 11.3 MONITORING RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING Monthly performance monitoring reports, at the beginning of the RPF/RAP implementation process and then quarterly, will be prepared by the PIU and presented to the PMU Environment and Social Committee. These reports will also be available for consultation by a local NGO (see below) and by the donor. These reports will summarize the information that has been collected and compiled on the various monitoring and follow-up indicators and will highlight the key issues that have been raised, the difficulties encountered and the solutions implemented. The PIU will be in charge of keeping records of all information related to grievances, monitoring compensation payments and livelihood restoration, etc. These records will be submitted to the PIU for the project archives at the end of the RAP implementation process. 11.4 EXTERNAL SUPERVISION As mentioned earlier in Chapter 9, it is expected that a local NGO will be solicited to ensure external oversight of the RPF/RAP implementation process by the PIU. The general objectives of external monitoring are to:  provide an independent source of assessment during the resettlement and compensation process;  provide advice to resolve issues that may arise during RPF/RAP implementation;  provide an overall assessment of RPF/RAP programs from a broader socioeconomic perspective in the longer term. The following parameters will be monitored and evaluated through the PIU reports and site visits:  Public consultation and awareness-raising on the modalities of clearing and supporting PAPs;  Knowledge of PAPs regarding activities and rules for resettlement, compensation and income support; WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 11-5  At least once a month, the representative of the witness NGO must attend a public meeting to monitor consultation procedures, problems and issues raised during meetings and proposed solutions;  PAP satisfaction levels with various aspects of resettlement and compensation will be monitored and recorded; and (b) the functioning of the grievance mechanism, its results and the effectiveness of the resolution of grievances will also be monitored;  Throughout the RPF/RAP implementation, the standard of living of the PAPs will be observed and they will be interviewed; the potential problems in the restoration of the standard of living will be recorded and reported to the PIU and PMU. The NGO must have qualified and experienced staff and the terms of the contract must be accepted by the donor. In addition to verifying the information provided in the internal reports, the NGO will visit a sample of 10% of PAPs in each municipality twice a year to verify the following elements of RPF/RAP implementation:  Determine whether the participation procedures and the delivery of allowances to the PAPs have been carried out in accordance with the RPF/RAP;  Assess whether RPF/RAP's socioeconomic objective of improving or at least restoring the standard of living and income levels of PAPs has been met;  Collect qualitative indications of the social and economic impact of the implementation of the Project on the PAPs;  Propose a change in the RPF/RAP implementation procedures, where appropriate, to achieve the principles and objectives. Drafting of contract terms and selection of the NGO will be carried out by the PMU in collaboration with donors at the beginning of the Project implementation phase. Internal and external monitoring will be completed with the final audit of the RAP. 11.5 RAP COMPLETION AUDIT A final audit of the RAP will be undertaken when monitoring will have indicated that there are no longer outstanding issues related to resettlement. It is expected that this final verification will be carried out three (3) years after the start of the RAP implementation, at the latest. The RAP completion audit will be carried out by an accredited agent with the support of the PIU and the PMU, as required. Verification of the completion of the RAP will provide a final indication that livelihood restoration is sustainable and that no further action is required. The evaluation report will be made public through the meeting of the PMU Environment and Social Committee and messages through the appropriate media. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 12-1 12 ESTIMATED RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND SCHEDULE 12.1 RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND SCHEDULE ESCOM will prepare a full RAP report before the commencement of implementation. The RAP implementation schedule covers a period of twenty four (24) months in order to include all planned activities, including implementation of the CCF. It is important that all structures to be rebuilt and payments for compensation are completed before construction is commenced. This can be done successively so construction can start on one end. The only RAP activities that are planned for a longer period (about three (3) years) are the monitoring and evaluation activities which are scheduled to be done once a year after completion of major RAP activities. While the actual cost of the RAP will be determined at its preparation, an estimate of the RAP implementation budget, based on the baseline survey of the proxy alignment, is summarized in the table below. This budget includes all costs involved in the execution of all RAP activities and is based on number of PAPs interviewed within the 55m wide proxy alignment. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 12-3 Table 12-1 Estimated Resettlement Implementation and Monitoring Cost Cost local Cost Element currency (USD) (MWK) Crops and agriculture lands Crops compensation Compensation 57,395,442 79,166 Value of agricultural land (200 MWK / m2) 17,880,200 - Agricultural land compensation Transaction fees (Administrative costs and taxes) 1,788,020 , Compensation 19,668,220 27,129 Agricultural incomes Compensation 393,770,673 543,132 Trees Trees compensation Compensation 69,390,574 95,711 Primary structures Compensation of primary structures 75,781,840 Moving allowance 4,930,000 Disturbance allowance 15,156,368 Primary structures compensation Replacement land 1,800,000 Transaction fees (Administrative costs and taxes) 7,578,184 Transaction fees (Administrative costs and taxes) 180,000 TOTAL 105,426,392 145,416 Secondary structures Compensation of secondary structures 1,676,000 Added toilet (one per house) 1,260,000 Secondary structures compensation Added oven (one per house) 90,000 TOTAL 3,026,000 4,174 Community structures Community structures compensation Church 900,000 1,241 Community assets Cemetery 5,000,000 Community assets compensation Borehole 4,500,000 TOTAL 9,500,000 13,103 Income support allocation for vulnerable groups Income support allocation for 1 USD per person per day during 30 days 17,595,750 24,270 vulnerable groups SUB-TOTAL Compensation sub-total 676,673,051 933,342 Others ESCOM staff to support resettlement 275,500,000 380,000 Training of ESCOM staff 72,500,000 100,000 Witness NGO supervision 141,375,000 195,000 Consultation costs ESCOM costs only 25,375,000 35,000 Communication and dissemination ESCOM costs only 7,250,000 10,000 materials RAP implementation consultant 199,375,000 275,000 Support to LGAs/DCs in managing 18,125,000 25,000 compensations Supervision, monitoring, annual 72,500,000 100,000 evaluations and audit costs Community compensation fund (CCF) 1% of the Project 255,615,440 353,060 Administration of CCF 10% of CCF 25,561,544 35,306 Contingency 15% of compensations sub-total 101,500,958 140,001 Compensation for access road and 5% of compensations sub-total 33,833,653 46,667 workers camps TOTAL Total resettlement budget 1,905,572,600 2,628,376 Conversation rate: 724 MWK = 1 USD Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 12-5 Table 12-2 ESMP and RAP Implementation Schedule Before Project Start Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Phase 0: Preparatory activities (6 months) Setting-up of PMU's Environmental and Social Committee and 0.1 x x x x x x PIU NGO witness recruitment 0.2 Implementation of training program x x x 0.3 Communities’ information and awareness x x x x x x x x Instruments, procedures and monitoring and compensation 0.4 x processes 0.5 Right of way identification and establishment x 0.6 Plot/land investigation and structure identification x x 0.7 Implementation of local resettlement committee (LRC) x x 0.8 Compensation standards identification x 0.9 Compensation evaluation and signing of an agreement x x Phase 1: Pre-construction (6 months) 1.1 Reconstruction of house and community structures x x 1.2 Payment of compensations to PAP x x 1.3 Assessment and resolution of grievances x x 1.4 Population resettlement x x 1.5 Right of way freeing x x 1.6 Implementation of waste management plan x x Implementation of cultural and archaeological heritage 1.7 x x management plan Phase 2: Procurement and construction (18 months) 2.1 Mitigation and improvement measures implementation x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 2.2 Implementation of waste management plan x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Implementation of cultural and archaeological heritage 2.3 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x management plan 2.4 Implementation of emergency measures plan x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 2.5 Implementation of environmental surveillance program x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 2.6 Restauration of income generator assets x x x x x x 2.7 Implementation of communication plan x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 2.8 Implementation of education and environmental awareness plan x x x x 2.9 Achievement of community support activities x x x x x x x x Phase 3: Operation and decommissioning (3 months) 3.1 Implementation of mitigation and improvement measures x x x 3.2 Environmental monitoring program implementation x x Operation ESCOM1 Implementation of mitigation and improvement measures x x x x x x x x x ESCOM2 Compensation and revegetation plan x x x x x x x x x ESCOM3 Waste management plan x x x x x x x x x ESCOM4 Emergency measures plan x x x x x x x x x ESCOM5 Implementation of environmental monitoring program x x x x x x x x x ESCOM6 Environmental and social audits x x x ESCOM7 ESMP update x x x x Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 13-1 13 TOR FOR THE RAP These terms of reference have been prepared as a general guideline for the preparation of the Resettlement Action Plan associated to the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection Project in compliance with the following:  Malawian legislation;  World Bank Operational Policy. The RAP must take account of the findings of socioeconomic and other baseline studies and surveys. The socioeconomic baseline data will inform resettlement requirements in terms of land requirements and access to community facilities. Authorities often prioritize the physical aspects of resettlement, but the overriding criteria in terms of identification of suitable resettlement sites must be the re-establishment, and ideally improvement, of livelihoods. The RAP will include an exhaustive land search, with resettlement site criteria agreed in advance with key stakeholders and communities. Sites will need to provide access to adequate land and community facilities, be as close to the home area as possible, and be capable of accommodating households in a similar social and spatial organization as before. Malawian resettlement regulations assign a very important role to the district and local level authorities, and these therefore need to be consulted early in the development of the RAP. Furthermore, resettlement is part of district land use planning and it is the district authorities, along with the Traditional Authorities, that effectively lead the process of identifying replacement land (and making it available). Malawian resettlement regulations assign a very important role to the district and local level authorities, and these therefore need to be consulted early in the development of the RAP. Furthermore, Traditional Authorities are highly influential over land issues in the project and it is them, along with the district councils that effectively lead the process of identifying replacement land (and making it available). The RAP will incorporate the following elements: INTRODUCTION The introduction will provide a detailed description of the Project, and outline physical and economic resettlement effects, and the purpose of the RAP. The detailed project description must include/allow an assessment of related resettlement effects. All infrastructure, related transport networks, environmental and safety buffers (for construction and operation phases), as well as the identified resettlement site/s, must be mapped, with areas for each land use detailed in tabular form. INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK The RAP must outline applicable international best practices and standards in respect of analysis of institutional and legal frameworks. World Bank (WB) best practice requires that all laws of the host country that are applicable to land acquisition and involuntary resettlement are identified, including any relevant local customs and traditions that govern affected communities. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 13-2 Additionally, where national legislation falls short of meeting the conditions prescribed by WB Operational Policies, the project proponent will ensure the Project meets the Operational Policies. The proponent will identify gaps between local law and WB policy and propose a strategy to address those gaps, without infringing on issues of national sovereignty. The Malawi institutional and legal framework pertaining to the Project will be outlined, including all legislation relating to land use, titling, compensation, resettlement, and urban and regional planning. This will include permitting requirements in terms of land use, resettlement, planning and building legislation. The RAP must provide a gap analysis, which will investigate where gaps exist between domestic requirements and international standards and requirements. Key considerations include: the need for stakeholder engagement and free, prior and informed consent; baseline data collection and analysis; compensation payments; eligibility and entitlements; resettlement planning; livelihood restoration. The gap analysis will outline the strategy whereby the RAP will address these gaps. ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK The RAP must outline the organizational framework for implementation of the RAP. WB operational policy notes that the RAP must identify and provide details on the roles and responsibilities of all organizations - public or private, governmental or nongovernmental - that will be responsible for resettlement activities. WB expects the sponsor to assess the capacity of these organizations to carry out their responsibilities. Accordingly, the organizational structure must take account of the capacity of government partners, and suggest capacity building and other assistance measures where appropriate. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT The RAP will outline the key goals, objectives and strategies of stakeholder engagement in informing both the RAP development and implementation processes. The RAP will identify the key stakeholder groups and their key concerns. It will describe the information and consultation activities that have supported the development of the RAP and provide a summary of the exchanges with, and recommendations from, the different stakeholder groups during that process. The RAP will outline the methodologies which will be employed to gather information from affected stakeholder groups. The methodologies for community entry, and use of Project partners and local staff will be considered. The RAP will require a detailed engagement schedule purely for RAP implementation activities. This must include a proposal for establishment of a dedicated community resettlement committee(s) and how the views of all stakeholders affected by resettlement will be gathered, and importantly, how communities will negotiate on resettlement issues. If necessary, capacity building and support for communities to effectively engage must be considered. The RAP will propose dedicated Communication Plans for key aspects of the RAP process, including baseline surveys, negotiations, sign-off and moves. How stakeholders will be involved in ongoing participatory monitoring and evaluation of resettlement activities must also be considered. A minimum of four (4) consultation rounds with affected communities, publicized through adequate local media, need to take place during the preparation and implementation of the RAP. B AS E L INE DAT A C OL L E C T ION AND ANAL Y S IS Baseline data collection for the RAP will incorporate the following, as required by WB: WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 13-3 Mapping The area from which people will be moved, as well as the area to which people will be resettled, will be mapped in detail, with individual affected households demarcated (identified with registration numbers derived from structure and socioeconomic surveys). Land Surveys and Thematic Maps From the land surveys different types of land will be mapped according to use and potential (for instance, crop suitability assessments and natural vegetation). Additional thematic maps must be prepared that identify:  Land use categories;  The location of common property resources;  Cultural property (for example, places of ritual significance, graveyards, and monuments);  Road and transportation networks;  The location of farms, employment and services. Further detailed satellite imagery will be acquired for the RAP, and digitized to show all structures, which can be verified by ground-trothing. This will allow for an initial assessment of households and structures to be surveyed in detail. Demographic Data A 100% survey of people affected by the Project, gathered through the demographic and structure surveys, is a key initial stage in the preparation of the RAP. The Project demographic data can serve four (4) important and interrelated functions:  Enumerating and collecting basic information on the affected population;  Registering the affected population by residence or locality;  Establishing a list of legitimate beneficiaries before the Project’s onset that counters spurious claims from those moving into the Project area solely in anticipation of benefits;  Laying a framework for subsequent socioeconomic research needed. Socioeconomic Studies In addition to basic demographic data (age, sex, family size), social and economic information (ethnicity, health, education, occupation and livelihoods, land tenure, income sources) will also be gathered from among the affected people. This information can provide a general understanding of the communities affected by the Project, and the scope of compensation and resettlement assistance necessary to mitigate adverse effects. Particular attention must be given to vulnerable groups living in the Project area. These groups may include households headed by women or children, people with disabilities, and the extremely poor. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 13-4 Inventory of Affected Assets The Project Proponent must undertake a detailed survey of all losses that will result for each household, enterprise, or community affected by the Project. The survey will account for land acquisition and loss of physical assets as well as loss of income. Assets held collectively, such as water sources, forest resources, and community structures must be recorded separately. It is essential for resettlement planners to consult with affected people during this step to develop a reasonable consensus on the methods and formulas for assigning value to lost assets and income forgone during resettlement. Methodologies must be sufficient for calculation of compensation according to national requirements and international standards. The surveys will coincide with an Entitlement Cut-off Date; the date established as the deadline for entitlement to compensation. This must be agreed with relevant government departments and ideally with communities in a participatory manner. Persons occupying the Project Area after the Entitlement Cut-Off Date are not eligible for compensation and/or resettlement assistance. Similarly, fixed assets (such as built structures, crops, fruit trees, and woodlots) established after the Entitlement Cut-Off Date will not be compensated. Baseline Data for Monitoring and Evaluation Information gathered must be used to establish indicators not only for resettlement implementation, but also for monitoring and evaluation of income restoration and sustainable development initiatives associated with a RAP. Accordingly, selecting some national level indicators will allow for comparison with non-Project areas. Surveys Consolidation The RAP will consider, in liaison with the client, depending on Project timescales, opportunities to consolidate data gathering efforts as much as possible, both to economize on Project resources and to minimize survey fatigue among the affected population. At the outset, the RAP will develop a Survey Matrix, which can identify appropriate indicators, develop survey questions for the purposes of RAP, and establish when and in what forum these will be asked (e.g. household surveys, focus groups, etc.). Desktop review of all available secondary data will be conducted, including survey reports, local authority information, etc. Household surveys will be supplemented by additional data gathering efforts, including focus groups (especially with farmers, elders, youth and women). Special efforts will be made to ensure the views of women are incorporated in the RAP. In some case, specialist studies may need to be considered (e.g. cultural heritage). An appropriate database will be proposed for the storage and analysis of data, ensuring effective analysis, security and confidentiality. The RAP will include an analysis of all data collected and how this informs resettlement planning and implementation. IDE NT IF IC AT ION OF P R OJ E C T IMP AC T S The RAP will outline key Project impacts. A key initial task in planning resettlement is to “identify a Project’s adverse impacts and the populations that will be affected”. Projected effects include:  Loss of dwellings;  Loss of farm buildings, and other structures (wells, boreholes, animal pens);  Loss of institutional buildings/public facilities;  Loss of access to agricultural land;  Loss of trees and standing crops;  Impeded or lost access to community resources including fishing areas, forest and woodland; WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 13-5  Loss of business income during transition;  Reduced income resulting from these losses. Efforts to minimize projected impacts also need to be detailed. C OMP E NS AT ION F R AME W OR K S How compensation frameworks will determined needs to be considered, including through reference to both legislation and impacts, including valuation of assets. The RAP Compensation Framework will specify all forms of asset ownership or use rights among the population affected by the project and the Project’s strategy for compensating them for the partial or complete loss of those assets. Development of Resettlement Packages The Project proponents will undertake the following actions on behalf of Project-Affected People:  Inform affected people of their options and rights concerning resettlement.  Provide technically and economically feasible options for resettlement based on consultation with affected people.  Provide assistance with relocation expenses, transitional financial support; and provide affected people with development assistance. The RAP will require an initial exhaustive land search for appropriate resettlement sites. This process involves significant participation from district-level authorities (responsible for making replacement land available) and will require agreeing criteria for an ideal site with all stakeholders, and investigating options in a participatory manner. The availability of replacement land will be the crucial consideration, and assessment of the suitability of potential sites for agriculture may be required through specialist studies. Site layouts and housing options will require inputs from architects, planners and engineers, in order to provide local authorities and beneficiaries with clear options for resettlement. A choice will need to be offered between resettlement in kind and cash compensation, while safeguards will need to be agreed with stakeholders in the case of the cash compensation option. Livelihoods Restoration Simple restoration of livelihood may not be sufficient to protect affected populations from adverse Project impacts, especially induced effects such as competition for resources and employment, inflation, and the breakdown of social support networks. For this reason, WB seeks to promote the improvement of the living standards of people affected by the Project. The RAP will incorporate a fully budgeted livelihood program which must incorporate measures for the restoration of all livelihoods. Depending on the availability of alternative farmland, a mix of farming and alternative livelihood activities may be required. Programs will include clear eligibility criteria, inputs required, and Projected outcomes and measures for participatory implementation and monitoring. Development of programs will include the identification of delivery partners where possible and clear exit strategies for the Project. Temporary Hardship and Vulnerability WB defines vulnerable groups at particular risk as “indigenous people, the landless and semi-landless, and households headed by females who, though displaced, may not be protected through national land compensation legislation” (World Bank, 1990). Ethnic minorities are also considered as vulnerable groups. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 13-6 Vulnerability criteria will be defined upon analysis of the social baseline data and a vulnerability assessment undertaken in order to determine the vulnerability weighting and ranking. The RAP will devise and document, based on these criteria and assessments, the rehabilitation measures that will be put in place for vulnerable groups during and after the physical relocation and rehabilitation of affected communities. Protection of Cultural Heritage According to the WB policy, the RAP must document all necessary efforts to protect, move and restore the cultural property of all affected people. Socioeconomic surveys undertaken as part of the RFP in April, 2017 identified a cemetery in the wayleave of the Project. The RAP will outline the approach to graves and cemeteries, and how any archaeological remains, including ‘chance finds’ will be dealt with. G R IE V ANC E P R OC E DUR E S According to WB, involuntary resettlement inevitably gives rise to grievances among the affected population. Timely redress of such grievances is vital to the satisfactory implementation of resettlement and to completion of the Project on schedule. The RAP will outline the grievance mechanism for the resettlement process. This will ideally be aligned with the Project grievance mechanism, but may have particular mechanisms for resettlement related grievances, such as compensation calculations. MONIT OR ING AND E V AL UAT ION As mentioned in the WB policy, “Monitoring provides both a warning system for Project managers and a channel for the re-settlers to make known their needs and their reactions to resettlement execution” (Ibid.). Monitoring and evaluation activities will be integrated into the overall Project management process, and accordingly the RAP must provide a coherent monitoring plan that identifies the organizational responsibilities, methodology, and the schedule for monitoring and reporting. R E S E T T L E ME NT B UDG E T AND IMP L E ME NT AT ION S C HE DUL E WB policy states that “Submission […] of a time-bound resettlement plan and budget that conforms to Bank policy is a condition of initiating appraisal for projects involving resettlement” (Ibid.). The RAP budget must thus be linked with a detailed implementation schedule for all key resettlement and rehabilitation activities. In terms of this ToR, an initial schedule and budget for all consultations and negotiations, baseline data gathering and analysis, development and design of resettlement options, up to implementation stage will be considered, including the required organogram/personnel. WSP Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited Project #: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project June 2019 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 14-1 14 REFERENCES  CERNEA M.M. 1988, Involuntary Resettlement in Development projects, Policy guidelines in World Bank-Financed project, WBTP.  DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.1999. Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets. 26 p. (Online). http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0901/section2.pdf  MALAWI GOVERNMENT. (2014). Annual Economic Report. Lilongwe: Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and Development.  NATIONAL STATISTICAL OFFICE (NSO). 2012. Malawi: Third Integrated Household Survey (IHS/) 2010-2011. Malawi. 47 p.  WORLD BANK (WB). 1990. Operational Directive: Involuntary Resettlement. 9 p. Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Interconnection Project Project #: 161-07023-00 0BResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report June 2019 Appendix 1 COMMUNITY AND HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRES LOCAL COMMUNITY SURVEY INTERCONNECTION: MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWI INTERCONNECTION COUNTRY: MALAWI Note to the investigators:  Complete section A (socioeconomic data), section B (wayleave survey), section C (general comments) with village leaders and some of their advisors;  Women must take part in this survey to talk about their concerns, the presence of specific community sites (NTFP1 harvesting, ceremonial or heritage site) in the wayleave;  Register the name of participants to every sections by using the Signatures sheet for communities. GENERAL INFORMATION Information about the Interview Questionnaire number (day/month/initials/interview of the day) : ___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/ Interviewer name: District: Balaka Mwanza Neno Traditional authority: TA Nsamala Is the village connected to the power TA Kanduku grid? TA Nthache Yes No TA Mlauli TA Symon Locality/Village: _____________ Zone: Rural Urban Interview location GPS WP #: Information about the Village Leader and the Informant Village leader family name: First name: 1 NTFP: Non-timber forest product – refers to products of biological origin other than timber, derived from forests. Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 1 Village leader cellular phone #: No phone Is the respondent the head of village? Yes No If not, what is the respondent’s name: _____________________________________ And what is his status: _____________________________________ Respondent cellular phone # : ________________________________ Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 2 SECTION A: SOCIOECONOMIC DATA I. POPULATION Total population in the village: _________ inhabitants Yes No Presence of special groups (permanent or transient) Specify group(s): _______________ (refugees, migrants, pastoralists crossing the area) : Number : ____________ II. ETHNIC GROUP Ethnic group Percentage (%) Main ethnic group: ______________________ Second main ethnic group: ______________________ Third main ethnic group: ______________________ Other ethnic groups (specify): ______________________ III. OCCUPATION Occupation Percentage (%) Farmer Pastoralist Self-employed Private employee Public employee Other(s) (specify): ______________________ Note: If there is no member in a specific category, please put 0. IV. RELIGION Religion Percentage (%) Christian Muslim Traditional/Ethnic religion/Animist Other(s) (specify): _____________________________ Note: If there is no member in a specific category, please put 0. Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 3 V. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURES PRESENT IN THE COMMUNITY Does the village have any of the following social and economic infrastructures/facilities? Infrastructure/ Number connected Presence Number Facility to power grid Primary: #_____ Primary: #_____ Yes 1. School Secondary: #_____ Secondary: #_____ No Tertiary: #_____ Tertiary: #_____ 2. Health facility Yes PHC: #_____ PHC: #_____ No Hospital: #_____ Hospital: #_____ Market: #_____ 3. Market/ Yes Names: __________ Market: #_____ Trading center No Trading center : #_____ Trading center : #_____ Names: __________ Yes 4. Slaughterhouse Number: #_____ Connected: #_____ No 5. Administrative Yes buildings (hall, Number: #_____ Connected: #_____ No meeting room, etc.) Mosque: #_____ Mosque: #_____ Yes 6. Church, mosque, etc. Church: #_____ Church: #_____ No Other: #_____ Other: #_____ 7. Heritage or cultural site (historic site or Yes Number: #_____ Connected: #_____ building, community No burial sites, etc.) 8. Machinery/ Production centre Yes (sawmill, grain mill, Number: #_____ Connected: #_____ No workshop, pottery, honey, etc.) 9. Water supply facilities Yes (boreholes, protected Number: #_____ Connected: #_____ No spring) 10.Lodge, rest house Yes Number: #_____ Connected: #_____ No 11.Police center Yes Number: #_____ Connected: #_____ No Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 4 VI. WORKFORCE 1. In the village, are there workers in the following fields? Number of Trades Presence workers Experienced pylon assembler Yes No Carpenter Yes No Welder Yes No Electrician Yes No Truck driver Yes No Taxi driver (car, tricycle, motorcycle) Yes No Heavy machinery operator (shovel operator, caterpillar, etc.) Yes No Mechanic Yes No Mason Yes No Painter Yes No Chainsaw operator Yes No Commercial Farm workers Yes No Other (specify): _____________________________ Yes No 2. In the village, are there any association? Yes No If yes, enumerate them: _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ VII. SERVICES Are these businesses present in the village? Number of Service Presence businesses Bus/minibus Yes No Mechanical (dealers, repairs, etc.) Yes No Gas/Petroleum products (sales, storage, etc.) Yes No Heavy machinery (crane, bulldozer, excavator, etc.) Yes No Materials (wood, stone, sand, cement, etc.) Yes No Food eating place Yes No Rest house (hotel, lodge) Yes No Logging companies Yes No Bank/Mobile money Yes No Post Office Yes No Security company Yes No Entertainment (video shows) Yes No Other (specify): _____________________________ Yes No Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 5 SECTION B: WAYLEAVE SURVEY Note to the facilitator: This section must be completed by the interviewer in the field with the help of the authorities of the communities (village leaders and representatives). The presence of women should be requested to provide relevant information concerning the presence of community, ceremonial or specific heritage sites in the wayleave. I. PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS Are there any municipal, school, church/mosque or heritage buildings, entirely or partially located in the wayleave, that must be relocated? Yes No (If no, go to question II) Specify Does the community Would it be have land outside the (e.g.: primary school, acceptable to move # Function Roof Walls Floor Size GPS WP # Photo # the building if it wayleave on which health unit, hospital, the building could be fence of…, etc.) cannot be avoided? rebuilt? 1. School 1. Grass 1. Bamboo or sticks to be burned 1. Clay 2. Religious 2. Tin plates 2. Reeds or masticated sticks 2. Mudbrick/ Width___ m building 3. Slab adobe 3. Cob wall and clay Length___ m 3. Health 4. Tiles 3. Cement building 4. Burnt brick with plaster 5. Concrete/ 4. Tiles 4. Borehole cement 5. Unplastered brick 5. Other _________S Yes Yes 1 5. Other ____________ 6. Bricks 6. Plastered concrete blocks If other, specify: _________E No No If building is round: If other, specify: 7. Other 7. Unplastered concrete blocks ____________ ___________ Diameter___ m If other, specify: 8. Building of masonry with plaster _______________ 9. Other If other, specify: _____________ 1. School 1. Grass 1. Bamboo or sticks to be burned 1. Clay 2. Religious 2. Tin plates 2. Reeds or masticated sticks 2. Mudbrick/ Width___ m building 3. Slab adobe 3. Cob wall and clay Length___ m 3. Health 4. Tiles 3. Cement building 4. Burnt brick with plaster 5. Concrete/ cement 4. Tiles 4. Borehole 5. Unplastered brick 5. Other _________S Yes Yes 2 6. Bricks 5. Other ____________ 6. Plastered concrete blocks If other, specify: _________E No No 7. Other If building is round: If other, specify: 7. Unplastered concrete blocks ____________ If other, specify: ___________ Diameter___ m _______________ 8. Building of masonry with plaster 9. Other If other, specify: _____________ Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 6 Specify Does the community Would it be have land outside the (e.g.: primary school, acceptable to move # Function Roof Walls Floor Size GPS WP # Photo # the building if it wayleave on which health unit, hospital, the building could be fence of…, etc.) cannot be avoided? rebuilt? 1. School 1. Grass 1. Bamboo or sticks to be burned 1. Clay 2. Religious 2. Tin plates 2. Reeds or masticated sticks 2. Mudbrick/ Width___ m building 3. Slab adobe 3. Cob wall and clay Length___ m 3. Health 4. Tiles 3. Cement building 4. Burnt brick with plaster 5. Concrete/ cement 4. Tiles 4. Borehole 5. Unplastered brick 5. Other _________S Yes Yes 3 6. Bricks 5. Other ____________ 6. Plastered concrete blocks If other, specify: _________E No No 7. Other If building is round: If other, specify: 7. Unplastered concrete blocks ____________ If other, specify: Diameter___ m ___________ _______________ 8. Building of masonry with plaster 9. Other If other, specify: _____________ 1. School 1. Grass 1. Bamboo or sticks to be burned 1. Clay 2. Religious 2. Tin plates 2. Reeds or masticated sticks 2. Mudbrick/ Width___ m building 3. Slab adobe 3. Cob wall and clay 3. Health 3. Cement Length___ m 4. Tiles building 4. Burnt brick with plaster 5. Concrete/ cement 4. Tiles 4. Borehole 5. Unplastered brick 5. Other _________S Yes Yes 4 6. Bricks 5. Other ____________ 6. Plastered concrete blocks If other, specify: _________E No No 7. Other If building is round: If other, specify: 7. Unplastered concrete blocks ____________ If other, specify: ___________ Diameter___ m _______________ 8. Building of masonry with plaster 9. Other If other, specify: _____________ Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 7 II. COMMUNITY ASSETS, CEREMONIAL OR PATRIMONIAL SITES Are there any community assets (natural areas (where households collect products), pastures, community forests, plantations, etc.), religious, ceremonial or heritage sites, entirely or partially located in the wayleave, that must be relocated or compensated? Yes No (If no, go to question III) If the affected If moving the area/element is element, Element: GPS Waypoint GPS Waypoint properly is there land What would be natural products collection Name of the If natural area… what are the products Area in ROW Total Area compensate/ outside the an appropriate area (forest, swamp, etc.), element collected in that area? # relocated, wayleave on compensation plantation, pasture, (if applicable) (more than one possible) (corners the (corners of the could this be which the and relocation ceremonial site, cemetery, affected area) affected area) acceptable to element process? etc. the could be community? relocated? 1. Fruits and other food products ____________S ____________S 1. Natural area 2. Game, Fish ____________E ____________E ___code 3. Medicinal plant 2. Wood Plantation 4. Wood (for construction, fuel, etc.) ____________S ____________S 3. Pasture 5. Fodder ____________E ____________E Yes Yes 1 4. Sacred site ____________ 6. Other No No 5. Cemetery If other, specify: ________________ ____________S ____________S 6. Other ____________E ____________E If other, specify: ________________ ____________S ____________S ____________E ____________E 1. Natural area 1. Fruits and other food products ____________S ____________S ___code 2. Game, Fish ____________E ____________E Yes Yes 2 2. Wood Plantation ____________ 3. Medicinal plant No No 3. Pasture 4. Wood (for construction, fuel, etc.) ____________S ____________S 4. Sacred site 5. Fodder ____________E ____________E Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 8 5. Cemetery 6. Other 6. Other If other, specify: ________________ ____________S ____________S If other, specify: ____________E ____________E ________________ ____________S ____________S ____________E ____________E 1. Fruits and other food products ____________S ____________S 1. Natural area 2. Game, Fish ____________E ____________E ___code 3. Medicinal plant 2. Wood Plantation 4. Wood (for construction, fuel, etc.) ____________S ____________S 3. Pasture 5. Fodder ____________E ____________E Yes Yes 3 4. Sacred site ____________ 6. Other No No 5. Cemetery If other, specify: ________________ ____________S ____________S 6. Other ____________E ____________E If other, specify: ________________ ____________S ____________S ____________E ____________E 1. Fruits and other food products ____________S ____________S 1. Natural area 2. Game, Fish ____________E ____________E ___code 3. Medicinal plant 2. Wood Plantation 4. Wood (for construction, fuel, etc.) ____________S ____________S 3. Pasture 5. Fodder ____________E ____________E Yes Yes 4 4. Sacred site ____________ 6. Other No No 5. Cemetery If other, specify: ________________ ____________S ____________S 6. Other ____________E ____________E If other, specify: ________________ ____________S ____________S ____________E ____________E Natural gathering area (code): (1) Forest (2) Wetland (3) Scrubland (4) Grassland (5) Riverine area Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 9 SECTION C: GENERAL COMMENTS After the explanation of the project and the visit of the ROW with the village authorities, how do they perceive the project? Have they specified recommendations, concerns? End of the community survey! The local authorities who answered the questions MUST SIGN the Signature Sheet for Communities. Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY INTERCONNECTION: MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWI INTERCONNECTION COUNTRY: MALAWI Information about the Interview Questionnaire number (day/month/initials/interview of the day) : ___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/ Interviewer name: District: Balaka Mwanza Neno Traditional authority: TA Phalula TA Kanduku TA Nthache TA Mlauli TA Symon Locality: _____________________ Zone: Rural Urban *********************************************************************************************************************** Hi, my name is ________________. I am hired by WWEC, a Malawian consultancy mandated by Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited (ESCOM) to conduct an environmental impact assessment on a high-voltage electricity transmission line project between the Matambo substation (south of Tete, Mozambique) and the Phombeya substation (south of Balaka, Malawi). This project is at a preliminary stage. We need to evaluate the potential impacts of the project on the population and affected households (fields, houses, etc.). This is why we are performing this survey. Do you have any questions on this survey or the project before I start? IDENTIFICATION OF THE HOUSEHOLD Information about the Head of Household (HofH) and the Informant HofH family name: First name: HofH cellular phone #: No phone Is the respondent the HofH? Yes No If not, what is the respondent’s name: __________________________________________________ And what is his status: Spouse of HofH Child of HofH Other Specify: ________________ Respondent cellular phone #: Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 1 SECTION A: HOUSEHOLD DATA Household data is collected for the head of household and the members of the household currently residing in the principal residence of the household. (Note: Definition of members of household: People sleeping and eating in the house for at least the last 6 months. Do not count visitors, boarding children BUT count children of the household away for school, visiting others, etc.) I. HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD Gender: Male Female Age: _______ years old Marital status: 1. Single If married: 2. Married 1. Polygamous How many wives? ___ 3. Widowed 2. Monogamous 4. Divorced/Separated 3. DNK 5. DNK Ethnic group: Religion: 1. Lomwe 1. Catholic 2. Yao 2. Protestant (including Evangelical) 3. Nyanja 3. Muslim 4. Ngoni 4. Zionist / Zion 5. Sena 5. Animist 6. Chewa 6. Do not practice any religion (atheist) 7. Other 7. DNK If other, specify: _____________________ 8. Other If other, specify: _____________________ Highest formal education level attained: No formal education Primary Secondary Tertiary University DNK Informal education received: No informal education Adult Education Technical/Vocational training Koranic School Other If other, specify: __________ Main Occupation: Farmer Pastoralist Self-employed Private employee Public employee DNK Other If other, specify: _____________________________ Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 2 II. MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD Members of household (excluding HofH) currently living in the residence(s) in the affected area. (Note: People sleeping and eating in the house for at least the last 6 months, include children of the household away for school or visiting.) If in school, Highest Formal Member Age Gender time taken to Education* reach school** #1 Male Female #2 Male Female #3 Male Female #4 Male Female #5 Male Female #6 Male Female #7 Male Female #8 Male Female #9 Male Female #10 Male Female #11 Male Female #12 Male Female #13 Male Female #14 Male Female #15 Male Female *Highest Formal Education: 1-Primary School; 2-Secondary; 3-Tertiary; 4-University; 5-DNK **Time taken to reach school: 1-< 30 min; 2-30 min to 1 hr; 3-1 hr to 2 hrs; 4- > 2 hrs Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 3 III. HOUSEHOLD INCOMES Now, I would like to ask you some questions about the sources of livelihood. A- Did the household practice these activities during the past 12 months? 1. Agriculture: Yes No If yes, complete this table. Over the past Quantity Quantity Crops/Fruits 12 months, Kg per If, yes… who? produce sold trees have you bag (bags/cans) (bags/cans) produced… HofH Maize Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Bags ___ Bags Both HofH Sorghum Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Bags ___ Bags Both HofH Millet Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Bags ___ Bags Both HofH Cowpeas Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Bags ___ Bags Both HofH Sweet potato Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Bags ___ Bags Both HofH Groundnut Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Bags ___ Bags Both HofH Pumpkin Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Qnt ___ Qnt Both HofH Cabbage Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Qnt ___ Qnt Both HofH Cucumber Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Qnt ___ Qnt Both HofH Mangos Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Bags ___ Bags Both Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 4 HofH Orange Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Basket ___ Basket Both HofH ___ Bunch/ ___ Bunch/ Bananas Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH mkoko mkoko Both HofH Papaya Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Basket ___ Basket Both HofH Avocado Yes No Spouse(s) of HofH ___ Basket ___ Basket Both Yes No HofH Other If yes, specify: Spouse(s) of HofH ___ ___ _____________ Both Yes No HofH Other If yes, specify: Spouse(s) of HofH ___ ___ _____________ Both Yes No HofH Other If yes, specify: Spouse(s) of HofH ___ ___ _____________ Both 2. Livestock: Yes No If yes, complete this table. If you have Over the past 12 If yes, how Use sold some Animals months, did you Who sold them? many? (multiple responses) of them, have… how many? Self-consumption HofH Cow Yes No ________ Exchange ________ Spouse(s) of HofH Sale Both Self-consumption HofH Pig Yes No ________ Exchange ________ Spouse(s) of HofH Sale Both Chicken Self-consumption HofH (poultry) / Yes No ________ Exchange ________ Spouse(s) of HofH Nkhanga Sale Both Self-consumption HofH Goat Yes No ________ Exchange ________ Spouse(s) of HofH Sale Both Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 5 Self-consumption HofH Donkey Yes No ________ Exchange ________ Spouse(s) of HofH Sale Both Self-consumption HofH Sheep Yes No ________ Exchange ________ Spouse(s) of HofH Sale Both Self-consumption HofH Ram Yes No ________ Exchange ________ Spouse(s) of HofH Sale Both Yes No Self-consumption HofH Other If yes, specify: ________ Exchange ________ Spouse(s) of HofH _____________ Sale Both 3. Fishing from river or fish pond: Yes No If yes, complete this table. Over the past 12 months, the Use Frequency of fishing fishing income (for the Means of fishing (multiple responses) household) amounted to… Daily Household consumption Weekly Exchange _____________ MWK Monthly Sale Seasonal 4. Hunting: Yes No If yes, complete this table. Over the past 12 months, the Use Frequency of hunting hunting income (for the Means of hunting (multiple responses) household) amounted to… Daily Household consumption Weekly Exchange _____________ MWK Monthly Sale Seasonal 5. Charcoal (production): Yes No If yes, complete this table. Over the past 12 months, the charcoal Frequency of charcoal Use production income (for the household) production (multiple responses) amounted to… Daily Household consumption Weekly Exchange _____________ MWK Monthly Sale Seasonal Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 6 6. Firewood (collect): Yes No If yes, complete this table. Over the past 12 months, the wood- Frequency of wood- Use collecting income (for the household) collecting activities (multiple responses) amounted to… Daily Household consumption Weekly Exchange _____________ MWK Monthly Sale Seasonal 7. Business: (owned shop/store): Yes No If yes, what is the income associated to this source of money for the past 12 months? ____________ MWK 8. Pension: Yes No If yes, what is the income associated to this source of money for the past 12 months? ____________ MWK 9. Money transfer (family): Yes No If yes, what is the income associated to this source of money for the past 12 months? ____________ MWK 10. Renting (land, house, etc.): Yes No If yes, what is the income associated to this source of money for the past 12 months? ____________ MWK 11. Salary (official): Yes No If yes, what is the income associated to this source of money for the past 12 months? ____________ MWK 12. Odd or casual jobs: Yes No If yes, what is the income associated to this source of money for the past 12 months? ____________ MWK 13. Other sources: Yes No If yes, specify: _____________ If yes, what is the income associated to this source of money for the past 12 months? ____________ MWK B- In which market(s) do you sell your products? : _________________________________________________________________________________ Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 7 IV. HEALTH AND VULNERABILITY A- Is the HofH handicapped or chronically sick? Yes No If yes, provide details on his/her sickness or handicap: ______________________________________ B- Are there any other members of the household handicapped or chronically sick? Yes No If yes, provide details on their sickness or handicap: ________________________________________ C- What were the main diseases of the members of the household during the last 12 months? _________________________________________________________________________________ D- Were there any deaths in the household in the last year? Yes No If yes, provide details on cause(s) of deaths: ______________________________________________ E- Where do you and the members of your family go for medical care? ________________________ What is the distance (by walk) from your house? 1) Less than 30 mins 2) 30 mins to 1 hour 3) 1 to 2 hours 4) More than 2 hours F- Do you or the members of your family use traditional medicine? Yes No If yes, specify the type(s) of traditional medicine: ___________________________________________ V. HOUSEHOLD FACILITIES A- Does the household have any of the following facilities? Power generator Yes No Electric or gas stove; hot plate Yes No Gas stove/Kerosene Yes No Car/Truck Yes No Refrigerator Yes No Motorbike/scooter Yes No Television Yes No Bicycle Yes No Radio/cassette/music system Yes No Plow Yes No Tape or CD/DVD player; HiFi Yes No Ox Cart Yes No Telephone/cellular Yes No House in town Yes No Sewing machine Yes No Land in town Yes No Iron (for pressing clothes) Yes No B- For the main dwelling of the household : What is the main building material used in the construction of the: Roof Walls Floor Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 8 1. Corrugated Iron Sheets 1. Plain mud 1. Earth/sand/dirt/straw 2. Thatch 2. Mud 2. Smoothed mud 3. Asbestos 3. Mud bricks 3. Smooth cement 4. Concrete/cement 4. Wood 4. Wood/planks 5. Wood and mud 5. Grass 5. Ceramic tiles 6. Bamboo/reed 6. Compacted 6. Other 7. Plastic canvas 7. Burnt bricks If other, specify: 8. Bricks 8. Concrete __________________ 9. Other 9. Other If other, specify: If other, specify: __________________ __________________ VI. CONSUMPTION A- Energy and Drinking Water ENERGY What is the household’s main source of energy for…? 1. Firewood 1. Wood 2. Charcoal 2. Charcoal 3. Diesel 3. Paraffin 4. Generator 4. Candles 5. Generator Cooking 5. Car batteries Lighting 6. Other 6. Electricity (ESCOM) If other, specify : _______________ 7. Torch 8. Car batteries 9. Other If other, specify : _______________ How much do you spend per month on fuel for…? 1. Nothing 1. Nothing 2. Less than MWK 30 000 2. Less than MWK 30 000 3. Between MWK 30 000 and MWK 3. Between MWK 30 000 and MWK 50 000 50 000 Cooking 4. Between MWK 50 000 and MWK Lighting 4. Between MWK 50 000 and 70 000 MWK 70 000 5. Between MWK 70 000 and MWK 5. Between MWK 70 000 and 100 000 MWK100 000 6. More than MWK 100 000 6. More than MWK 100 000 DRINKING WATER What is the household’s main source of drinking water during the…? Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 9 1. Piped water in the house 1. Piped water in the house 2. Piped water in yard 2. Piped water in yard 3. Well in the backyard 3. Well in the backyard 4. Community well 4. Community well Dry Wet 5. Hole / fountain 5. Hole / fountain season season 6. River / lake 6. River / lake 7. Borehole 7. Borehole 8. Other 8. Other If other, specify : _______________ If other, specify : _______________ How long (in minutes) do you take to get to the main source from your house? Dry Wet ________ minutes ________ minutes season season How many times do you fetch water? 1. Once a week 1. Once a week 2. Two or three times per week 2. Two or three times per week Dry Wet 3. Three or four times per week 3. Three or four times per week season season 4. Five or six times per week 4. Five or six times per week 5. Everyday 5. Everyday B- Household Food Consumption 1. How many meals the household normally has per day? ____ /Day (between 1 and 3) 2. In the last week, how many days the household consumed meat? ____ (between 0 and 7) 3. In the last week, how many days the household consumed fish? ____ (between 0 and 7) 4. In the last year, how often could the head of household satisfy the food needs of the household? Never Seldom Sometimes Often Always 5. Do you need to buy food to satisfy household needs? Yes No Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 10 VII. LAND OWNERSHIP Record all land parcels owned/used by the household in the last 12 months (including land owned, rented or leased, use of common/community land, etc.). Note: All land parcels within and outside the wayleave are included. A- How many pieces of land do you use: _______ pieces of land Parcel Ownership/ Ownership of the use Area Use # Use rights rights (acre) 1. Crop growing 2. House/store 1. Leasehold/ Certificate 1. HofH 3. Rented to others of ownership 2. Wife 4. Pasture 2. Customary law 3. Son/Daughter 5. Planted trees 3. Bought 4. Father of HofH 6. Savana – natural 1 4. Rented 5. Mother of HofH bush ___ acre 5. Borrowed 6. Other relative 7. Fallow 6. Shared cropping male 8. Uncultivated 7. Other form of tenure 7. Other relative (excluding fallow) 8. N/A female 9. Unusable 10.Other If other, specify: _________ 1. Crop growing 2. House/store 1. Leasehold/ Certificate 6. HofH 3. Rented to others of ownership 7. Wife 4. Pasture 2. Customary law 8. Son/Daughter 5. Planted trees 3. Bought 9. Father of HofH 6. Savana – natural ___ acre 2 4. Rented 10. Mother of HofH bush 5. Borrowed 11. Other relative 7. Fallow 6. Shared cropping male 8. Uncultivated 7. Other form of tenure 12. Other relative (excluding fallow) 8. N/A female 9. Unusable 10. Other If other, specify: _________ Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 11 Parcel Ownership/ Ownership of the use Area Use # Use rights rights (acre) 1. Crop growing 2. House/store 1. Leasehold/ Certificate 1. HofH 3. Rented to others of ownership 2. Wife 4. Pasture 2. Customary law 3. Son/Daughter 5. Planted trees 3. Bought 4. Father of HofH 6. Savana – natural ___ acre 3 4. Rented 5. Mother of HofH bush 5. Borrowed 6. Other relative 7. Fallow 6. Shared cropping male 8. Uncultivated 7. Other form of tenure 7. Other relative (excluding fallow) 8. N/A female 9. Unusable 10. Other If other, specify: _________ 1. Crop growing 2. House/store 1. Leasehold/ Certificate 1. HofH 3. Rented to others of ownership 2. Wife 4. Pasture 2. Customary law 3. Son/Daughter 5. Planted trees 3. Bought 4. Father of HofH 6. Savana – natural ___ acre 4 4. Rented 5. Mother of HofH bush 5. Borrowed 6. Other relative 7. Fallow 6. Shared cropping male 8. Uncultivated 7. Other form of tenure 7. Other relative (excluding fallow) 8. N/A female 9. Unusable 10. Other If other, specify: _________ Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 12 SECTION B: IMPACTS RELATED TO THE WAYLEAVE Section B must be completed by the interviewer in the field with the help of the community authority. The interview with the household is used to complete or confirm the information. A. CONTROL GROUP (OUTSIDE ROW) Yes (STOP INTERVIEW HERE AND ASK THE INTERVIEWEE TO SIGN AT THE END OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE) B. AFFECTED GROUP (INSIDE ROW) Yes (PLEASE FILL SECTION B) I. CULTIVATED PARCELS IN THE WAYLEAVE Are there any parcels (used by the household) partially or entirely located in the wayleave? Yes No (If no, go to question # II) If yes, how many? _________ For each parcel affected, provide numbers of trees and perennial crops (and estimate the area for crops in m2) that are entirely located in the wayleave. Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 13 PARCEL # 1 GPS Waypoint GPS Waypoint Permanent crops If rented Total Area Area in ROW What are the principal in the ROW How the household Ownership of the use /borrowed or crops cultivated in got the parcel? rights (corners of the (corners of the shared the ROW? affected area) affected area) Type # of trees # of trees If the household Mangos owns the parcel, _______ does it have a land # of trees title or a certificate of Orange _______ ownership? Maize Yes S ________ S ________ # of trees Sorghum Bananas No E ________ E ________ _______ Name of the DNK Millet # of trees owner: 1. Purchase Papaya ________ S ________ S ________ Cowpeas _______ 2. Inheritance Who is the owner? E ________ E ________ # of trees 3. Customary law Sweet potato Avocado 1. HofH Cell.: _______ 4. Rental 2. Wife ________ Peanut S ________ S ________ 5. Loan/borrowing # of trees 3. Son E ________ Pumpkin Lemon 6. Other E ________ _______ 4. Daughter 5. Father of HofH Cabbage # of trees S ________ S ________ Malambe 6. Mother of HofH Other, specify: _______ E ________ E ________ 7. Other relative # of trees male __________ Masau _______ 8. Other relative female Other, # of trees specify: 9. DNK _______ __________ Do you have another parcel not affected to replace the affected one? Yes No If yes, do you have ownership rights on the new parcel? Yes No What is the situation of the parcel? Cultivated Fallow Uncultivated (excluding fallow) Unusable Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 14 PARCEL # 2 If the household owns the Permanent crops parcel… in the ROW If rented What are the principal How the household Ownership of the use GPS Waypoint GPS Waypoint /borrowed or Total Area Area in ROW crops used in the got the parcel? rights shared ROW? Type # of trees (corners of the (corners of the affected area) affected area) # of trees If the household Mangos owns the parcel, _______ does it have a land # of trees title or a certificate of Orange Maize _______ ownership? Yes S ________ S ________ # of trees Sorghum Bananas No E ________ E ________ _______ Name of the DNK Millet owner: # of trees 1. Purchase S ________ Papaya ________ S ________ Cowpeas _______ 2. Inheritance Who is the owner? E ________ E ________ # of trees 3. Customary law Sweet potato Avocado 1. HofH Cell.: _______ 4. Rental 2. Wife ________ Peanut S ________ S ________ 5. Loan/borrowing # of trees 3. Son E ________ Pumpkin Lemon 6. Other E ________ _______ 4. Daughter 5. Father of HofH Cabbage # of trees S ________ S ________ Malambe 6. Mother of HofH Other, specify: _______ E ________ E ________ 7. Other relative # of trees male __________ Masau _______ 8. Other relative female Other, # of trees specify: 9. DNK _______ __________ Do you have another parcel not affected to replace the affected one? Yes No If yes, do you have ownership rights on the new parcel? Yes No What is the situation of the parcel? Cultivated Fallow Uncultivated (excluding fallow) Unusable Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 15 PARCEL # 3 If the household owns the Permanent crops parcel… in the ROW If rented What are the principal How the household Ownership of the use GPS Waypoint GPS Waypoint /borrowed or Total Area crops used in the got the parcel? rights Area in ROW shared ROW? Type # of trees (corners of the (corners of the affected area) affected area) # of trees If the household Mangos owns the parcel, _______ does it have a land # of trees title or a certificate of Orange Maize _______ ownership? Yes S ________ S ________ # of trees Sorghum Bananas No E ________ E ________ _______ Name of the DNK Millet owner: # of trees 1. Purchase S ________ Papaya ________ S ________ Cowpeas _______ 2. Inheritance Who is the owner? E ________ E ________ # of trees 3. Customary law Sweet potato Avocado 1. HofH Cell.: _______ 4. Rental 2. Wife ________ Peanut S ________ S ________ 5. Loan/borrowing # of trees 3. Son E ________ Pumpkin Lemon 6. Other E ________ _______ 4. Daughter 5. Father of HofH Cabbage # of trees S ________ S ________ Malambe 6. Mother of HofH Other, specify: _______ E ________ E ________ 7. Other relative # of trees male __________ Masau _______ 8. Other relative female Other, # of trees specify: 9. DNK _______ __________ Do you have another parcel not affected to replace the affected one? Yes No If yes, do you have ownership rights on the new parcel? Yes No What is the situation of the parcel? Cultivated Fallow Uncultivated (excluding fallow) Unusable Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 16 PARCEL # 4 If the household owns the Permanent crops parcel… in the ROW If rented What are the principal How the household Ownership of the use GPS Waypoint GPS Waypoint /borrowed or Total Area Area in ROW crops used in the got the parcel? rights shared ROW? Type # of trees (corners of the (corners of the affected area) affected area) # of trees If the household Mangos owns the parcel, _______ does it have a land # of trees title or a certificate of Orange Maize _______ ownership? Yes S ________ S ________ # of trees Sorghum Bananas No E ________ E ________ _______ Name of the DNK Millet owner: # of trees 1. Purchase S ________ Papaya ________ S ________ Cowpeas _______ 2. Inheritance Who is the owner? E ________ E ________ # of trees 3. Customary law Sweet potato Avocado 1. HofH Cell.: _______ 4. Rental 2. Wife ________ Peanut S ________ S ________ 5. Loan/borrowing # of trees 3. Son E ________ Pumpkin Lemon 6. Other E ________ _______ 4. Daughter 5. Father of HofH Cabbage # of trees S ________ S ________ Malambe 6. Mother of HofH Other, specify: _______ E ________ E ________ 7. Other relative # of trees male __________ Masau _______ 8. Other relative female Other, # of trees specify: 9. DNK _______ __________ Do you have another parcel not affected to replace the affected one? Yes No If yes, do you have ownership rights on the new parcel? Yes No What is the situation of the parcel? Cultivated Fallow Uncultivated (excluding fallow) Unusable Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 17 PARCEL # 5 If the household owns the Permanent crops parcel… in the ROW If rented What are the principal How the household Ownership of the use GPS Waypoint GPS Waypoint /borrowed or Total Area Area in ROW crops used in the got the parcel? rights shared ROW? Type # of trees (corners of the (corners of the affected area) affected area) # of trees If the household Mangos owns the parcel, _______ does it have a land # of trees title or a certificate of Orange Maize _______ ownership? Yes S ________ S ________ # of trees Sorghum Bananas No E ________ E ________ _______ Name of the DNK Millet owner: # of trees 1. Purchase S ________ Papaya ________ S ________ Cowpeas _______ 2. Inheritance Who is the owner? E ________ E ________ # of trees 3. Customary law Sweet potato Avocado 1. HofH Cell.: _______ 4. Rental 2. Wife ________ Peanut S ________ S ________ 5. Loan/borrowing # of trees 3. Son E ________ Pumpkin Lemon 6. Other E ________ _______ 4. Daughter 5. Father of HofH Cabbage # of trees S ________ S ________ Malambe 6. Mother of HofH Other, specify: _______ E ________ E ________ 7. Other relative # of trees male __________ Masau _______ 8. Other relative female Other, # of trees specify: 9. DNK _______ __________ Do you have another parcel not affected to replace the affected one? Yes No If yes, do you have ownership rights on the new parcel? Yes No What is the situation of the parcel? Cultivated Fallow Uncultivated (excluding fallow) Unusable Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 18 PARCEL # 6 If the household owns the Permanent crops parcel… in the ROW If rented What are the principal How the household Ownership of the use GPS Waypoint GPS Waypoint /borrowed or Total Area Area in ROW crops used in the got the parcel? rights shared ROW? Type # of trees (corners of the (corners of the affected area) affected area) # of trees If the household Mangos owns the parcel, _______ does it have a land # of trees title or a certificate of Orange Maize _______ ownership? Yes S ________ S ________ # of trees Sorghum Bananas No E ________ E ________ _______ Name of the DNK Millet owner: # of trees 1. Purchase S ________ Papaya ________ S ________ Cowpeas _______ 2. Inheritance Who is the owner? E ________ E ________ # of trees 3. Customary law Sweet potato Avocado 1. HofH Cell.: _______ 4. Rental 2. Wife ________ Peanut S ________ S ________ 5. Loan/borrowing # of trees 3. Son E ________ Pumpkin Lemon 6. Other E ________ _______ 4. Daughter 5. Father of HofH Cabbage # of trees S ________ S ________ Malambe 6. Mother of HofH Other, specify: _______ E ________ E ________ 7. Other relative # of trees male __________ Masau _______ 8. Other relative female Other, # of trees specify: 9. DNK _______ __________ Do you have another parcel not affected to replace the affected one? Yes No If yes, do you have ownership rights on the new parcel? Yes No What is the situation of the parcel? Cultivated Fallow Uncultivated (excluding fallow) Unusable Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 19 II. PRINCIPAL STRUCTURES AND BUSINESS/SHOP IN THE WAYLEAVE Are there any principal structures (house or commercial property belonging to the household) partly or entirely located in the wayleave? Yes No (If no, go to question on secondary structures below) If yes, how many? _________ If yes, complete the table. If you have answered Would it be Do you have 1, 2 or 5, If the acceptable land outside how many How did you structure is GPS Photo to move the the wayleave # Function Roof Walls Floor Sealing Size # building if it to rebuild rooms get the house? rented or waypoints does the borrowed cannot be your principal house avoided? structure? have? 1. Conventional 1. Bought 1. Grass 1. Bamboo or sticks 1. Clay 1. No fence house 2. Rented 2. Tin plates 2. Reeds or masticated 2. Mudbrick/ 2. Sealing with 2. Secondary house 3. Borrowed 3. Slab sticks adobe plants/shrubs 3. Business/shop 4. Inherited 4. Tiles 3. Cob wall and clay 3. Cement 3. Sealing with 4. Gowelo or mphala 5. Given 4. Burnt brick with 4. Tiles wooden/ poles 5. Iron Sheets Width ___m 5. Other 6. Built plaster 5. Other 4. Masonry wall 6. Other If other, specify: 7. Other 5. Unburnt brick with If other, specify: 5. Other Length ___m If other, specify: __________ If other, specify: paster ____________ Name of _______________ ____________ 6. Unplastered brick S_____ Yes Yes owner: If house is 1 ___ 7. Plastered brick ____________ round: E_____ No No 8. Plastered concrete Cell.:_______ blocks Diameter 9. Unplastered concrete ___m blocks 10. House of masonry with plaster 11. Other If other, specify: _____________ 1. Conventional 1. Bought 1. Grass 1. Bamboo or sticks 1. Clay 1. No fence house 2. Rented 2. Tin plates 2. Reeds or masticated 2. Mudbrick/ 2. Sealing with Width ___m 2. Secondary house 3. Borrowed 3. Slab sticks adobe plants/shrubs Length ___m 3. Business/shop 4. Inherited 4. Tiles 3. Cob wall and clay 3. Cement 3. Sealing with Name of 4. Gowelo or mphala 5. Given owner: 4. Burnt brick with 4. Tiles wooden/ poles S_____ Yes Yes 5. Iron Sheets 2 5. Other ___ 6. Built plaster 5. Other 4. Masonry wall If house is ____________ 6. Other E_____ No No If other, specify: 7. Other 5. Unburnt brick with 5. Other round: Cell. :_______ If other, specify: If other, specify: __________ If other, specify: paster ____________ Diameter _______________ ____________ 6. Unplastered brick ___m 7. Plastered brick 8. Plastered concrete Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 20 blocks 9. Unplastered concrete blocks 10. House of masonry with plaster 11. Other If other, specify: _____________ 1. Conventional 1. Bought 1. Grass 1. Bamboo or sticks 1. Clay 1. No fence house 2. Rented 2. Tin plates 2. Reeds or masticated 2. Mudbrick/ 2. Sealing with Width ___m 2. Secondary house 3. Borrowed 3. Slab sticks adobe plants/shrubs Length ___m 3. Business/shop 4. Inherited 4. Tiles 3. Cob wall and clay 3. Cement 3. Sealing with 4. Gowelo or mphala 5. Given 4. Burnt brick with 4. Tiles wooden/ poles 5. Iron Sheets 5. Other 6. Built plaster 5. Other 4. Masonry wall If house is 6. Other If other, specify: 7. Other 5. Unburnt brick with 5. Other round: If other, specify: If other, specify: __________ If other, specify: paster ____________ Diameter Name of _______________ ____________ 6. Unplastered brick ___m S_____ Yes Yes owner: 3 ___ 7. Plastered brick ____________ E_____ No No 8. Plastered concrete Cell. :_______ blocks 9. Unplastered concrete blocks 10. House of masonry with plaster 11. Other If other, specify: _____________ 1. Conventional 1. Bought 1. Grass 1. Bamboo or sticks 1. Clay 1. No fence house 2. Rented 2. Tin plates 2. Reeds or masticated 2. Mudbrick/ 2. Sealing with Width ___m 2. Secondary house 3. Slab sticks adobe plants/shrubs 3. Borrowed Length ___m 4. Tiles 3. Cob wall and clay 3. Cement 3. Sealing with 3. Business/shop 4. Inherited 4. Burnt brick with 4. Tiles wooden/ poles 4. Gowelo or mphala 5. Iron Sheets 5. Given plaster 5. Other 4. Masonry wall If house is 6. Other 5. Other 6. Built 5. Unburnt brick with 5. Other round: If other, specify: If other, specify: If other, specify: Name of plaster ____________ Diameter S_____ 7. Other _______________ Yes Yes __________ owner: 6. Unplastered brick ___m 4 ___ If other, specify: E_____ ____________ 7. Plastered brick No No ____________ Cell. :_______ 8. Plastered concrete blocks 9. Unplastered concrete blocks 10. House of masonry with plaster 11. Other If other, specify: Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 21 _____________ 1. Conventional 1. Bought 1. Grass 1. Bamboo or sticks 1. Clay 1. No fence house 2. Rented 2. Tin plates 2. Reeds or masticated 2. Mudbrick/ 2. Sealing with Width ___m 2. Secondary house 3. Slab sticks adobe plants/shrubs Length ___m 3. Borrowed 4. Tiles 3. Cob wall and clay 3. Cement 3. Sealing with 3. Business/shop 4. Inherited 4. Burnt brick with 4. Tiles wooden/ poles 4. Gowelo or mphala 5. Iron Sheets 5. Given plaster 5. Other 4. Masonry wall If house is 6. Other round: 5. Other 6. Built 5. Unburnt brick with 5. Other If other, specify: If other, specify: If other, specify: 7. Other paster ____________ Diameter Name of _______________ S_____ __________ 6. Unplastered brick ___m Yes Yes If other, specify: owner: 5 ___ 7. Plastered brick E_____ ____________ ____________ No No 8. Plastered concrete Cell. :_______ blocks 9. Unplastered concrete blocks 10. House of masonry with plaster 11. Other If other, specify: _____________ Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 22 III. SECONDARY STRUCTURE IN THE WAYLEAVE Are there any secondary structures (for example, a shed for animals, a separate kitchen, a toilet, a well, a tomb, etc.) partly or entirely located in the wayleave? Yes No (If no, go to question # III) If yes, how many? _________ If yes, complete the table. If the structure Would it be acceptable to Do you have land # Type of structure Ownership rights is rented or Size GPS WP # Photo # move the structure if it cannot outside the wayleave to borrowed be avoided? rebuild the structure? 1. Kitchen 1. Bought 2. External bathroom 2. Rented 3. Conventional bathroom 3. Borrowed 4. Traditional latrine 4. Inherited 5. Improved latrine 5. Given 6. Barn Name of owner Width ___m S ________ Yes Yes 1 7. Hennery 6. Built _____________ Length ___m E ________ No No 8. Corral for goats 7. Other Cell. :_________ 9. Piggery If other, specify: 10. Cattle corral _____________ 11. Other If other, specify: ________________ 1. Kitchen 1. Bought 2. External bathroom 2. Rented 3. Conventional bathroom 3. Borrowed 4. Traditional latrine 4. Inherited 5. Improved latrine 5. Given 6. Barn Name of owner Width ___m S ________ Yes Yes 2 7. Hennery 6. Built _____________ Length ___m E ________ No No 8. Corral for goats 7. Other Cell. :_________ 9. Piggery If other, specify: 10. Cattle corral _____________ 11. Other If other, specify: ________________ 1. Kitchen 1. Bought 2. External bathroom 2. Rented Name of owner Width ___m S ________ Yes Yes 3 3. Conventional bathroom 3. Borrowed _____________ Length ___m E ________ No No 4. Traditional latrine Cell. :_________ 4. Inherited 5. Improved latrine Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 23 6. Barn 5. Given 7. Hennery 6. Built 8. Corral for goats 7. Other 9. Piggery If other, specify: 10. Cattle corral _____________ 11. Other If other, specify: ________________ Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 24 IV. GRAVES AND SPIRITUAL SITES IN THE WAYLEAVE Are there any graves on the land(s) of the household? Yes No If yes, how many? _________ Take GPS WP # for each of them: ____________________________________ Are there any spiritual, cultural, sacred or religious site on the land(s) of the household? Yes No If yes, how many? _________ Take GPS WP # for each of them: ____________________________________ V. PREFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS ABOUT THE ASSISTANCE MEASURES FOR AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS With the implementation of this project, ESCOM will take possession of a 55 m wide wayleave under the power line. For security reasons, all houses or structures located within the wayleave will have to be displaced. Crops within the wayleave will still be permitted, but tall trees (over 4 meters high) will be prohibited (to avoid dangerous contact with the lines). The space falling under a tower (324 to 529 m2) will be lost to agriculture. Towers will be located along the line, but their exact location has yet to be determined. Once the line is constructed, maintenance work will be performed on a cyclical basis (ex. once a year), which could also disturb some crops or agricultural activities. As per national practice in Malawi for public utility projects (government), no compensation will be provided for lands. The Project may however integrate compensation and resettlement assistance measures to assist the households that will be affected by the wayleave and associated land use restrictions. To help us better plan for such assistance measures, we would like to hear you on your needs and preferences with regards to potential compensation and assistance measures for losses of houses, structures or crops. A) House(s): Households having houses located within the wayleave will receive assistance for the construction of new replacement house(s). A1. Would you prefer the replacement house(s) to be constructed:  By an entrepreneur contracted by the Project?  By you and your family, with financial support and material provided to you by the Project? Why (explain your preference): ________________________ A2. Would you prefer this new house to be located:  On the same land / plot?  On a different land / plot already owned by you, or accessible to you?  On a different land / plot, but you would need support to identify and secure a site for it? Why (explain your preference): ________________________ A3. What would you consider as the most needed improvements for replacement houses, in comparison to pre-existing house(s)? (Take up to three propositions) 1. ________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________ Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 25 B) Permanent loss of agricultural land under a tower: Every tower will take an area of 18 m x 18 m to 23 m x 23 m, where crops will not allowed. The exact locations of the towers are not known yet, but will be determined latter based on technical considerations. B1. If one tower happens to be located on your land, or there where your crops are, do you think that this could affect your capacity to feed your family or to generate incomes?  Yes  No Why: _____________________________________ B2. If one tower happens to be located on your land, or there where your crops are, how difficult would it be for you / your household to find another similar area to grow similar crops or perform similar activities?  No difficulty. Access to similar land  Difficulty. Access to alternative land, but quality is not as good  Major difficulty. No access to alternative land C) Graves and spiritual sites (if any inventoried in previous section) If the grave(s) or site(s) is/are located within the wayleave (under the future line), what would be your preference?  The grave/site should stay there and be secured  The grave/site should be relocated outside of the wayleave  Other proposition (describe): ________________________ Why: _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Assistance expected from the Project? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ VI. CONCERNS ABOUT OTHER FORMS OF IMPACT OF ESTABLISHING THE WAYLEAVE Let alone compensation and resettlement issues, do you have any other Yes No concerns or expectations about this project? If YES, what are they? Interviewer comments (write down anything particular about this interview): Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 26 End of the PAP survey! The person who answered the questions must sign the consent form table. Use the signatures sheet for the PAPs. Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection January 2017 27 Appendix 2 SIGNED CONSENT FORMS (COMMUNITIES AND PAPS) AND PHOTOS (SEE CD) Appendix 3 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES APPENDIX 3-1 STAKEHOLDERS LIST Mozambique - Malawi Power Interconnection Project List of Identified Project Stakeholders Stakeholder groups and organizations Department / service Location Ministries and agencies at national level Environmental Affairs Department Lilongwe Forestry Department (Headquarters) Lilongwe Min. of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining Malawi Energy Regulatory Authority (MERA) Lilongwe Department of National Parks and Wildlife Lilongwe ESCOM Environmental and social unit Lilongwe Lands and Valuation department Lilongwe Min. of Lands, Housing and Urban Development Physical Planning department Lilongwe Agro-Economic Survey department Lilongwe Min. of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development Water Resources department Lilongwe Min. of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Department of Gender Affairs Lilongwe Welfare Directorate of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Lilongwe Malawi Human Rights Commission Directorate of Gender and Women Rights Lilongwe Roads Authority Lilongwe Min. of Transport and Public Works Civil Aviation Lilongwe Min. of Information, Tourism and Culture Department of Antiquities Lilongwe Regional level adminitrative authorities and technical services Blantyre Agricultural Development Division (ADD) Agriculture & Extension Services Blantyre Regional Forestry Office for the South Regional Forestry Office Blantyre Lands and Physical Planning Office for the South Offices of Lands and Physical Planning Blantyre Gender, Children and Social Welfare Services Department of Gender Affairs Blantyre Transport and Public Works Department of Roads Blantyre Environment Regional office Blantyre Information, Tourism and Culture Regional office Blantyre District-level adminitrative authorities and technical services District Commissioner & Director of Planning and Development District Executive Council (DEC) LGA of Mwanza Mwanza Tecnical staff (Forestry, Gender and Social Welfare, and other relevant services) District Commissioner & Director of Planning and Development LGA of Neno District Executive Council (DEC) Neno Tecnical staff (Forestry, Gender and Social Welfare, and other relevant services) District Commissioner & Director of Planning and Development District Executive Council (DEC) LGA of Balaka Balaka Tecnical staff (Forestry, Gender and Social Welfare, and other relevant services) Traditional Authorities (T/A) T/A Symon Chief Symon and Sub-Chiefs Neno T/A Mlauli Chief Mulauli and Sub-Chiefs Neno T/A Kanduku Chief Kanduku and Sub-Chiefs Mwanza T/A Nthache Chief Nthache and Sub-Chiefs Mwanza T/A Phalula Chief Phalula and Sub-Chiefs Balaka 1 Mozambique - Malawi Power Interconnection Project List of Identified Project Stakeholders Stakeholder groups and organizations Department / service Location Directly Affected communities Communities of TA Phalula (4) Phombeya; Yonam; Laja; Chikapa Matope; Ngwenyama; Kandoje; Zalewa; Salafosi; Chitsotso; Tedzani; Mbemba; Communities of TA Neno (11) Mkoka; Joseph; Liyenda Communities of TA Mlauli (7) Nsalawatha; Jonathan; Dailo; Kazunga; Chasesa; Dzikolatha; Chapita Communities of TA Kanduku (2) Mulongolora; Siledi Communities of TA Nthache (7) Biriwiri; Dzilima; Kagulo; Gonamwake; Kasapha; Golowa; Mkulira Commercial stakeholders Nankudwe Estate (farming Estate edging the ROW) Mwanza CLN (Manager of Vale's Railway) Blantyre Environmental NGOs Wildlife & Environmental Society of Malawi (WESM) Blantyre African Parks Blantyre Bats without Borders Blantyre National Steering Committee on Biodiversity Lilongwe Social NGOs (Human Rights, Development, Health, Women) Women's Legal Resources Centre (WORLEC) Programmes Officer (Blantyre Branch) Blantyre Partners in Health Executive Director Mwanza 2 APPENDIX 3-2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENTS MOZAMBIQUE - MALAWI POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT KAFUKUFUKU WA PULOJEKITI YOKOKA MPHAMVU YA MAGETSI KUCHOKA KU MOZAMBIQUE KUFIKA KU MALAWI, PA ZA CHILENGEDWE NDI CHIKHALIDWE CHA ANTHU. Kalata Yodziwitsa za Pulojekiti - October 2016 Ndondomeko ya Pulojekitiyi mwachidule 1. Maboma a Mozambique ndi Malawi, kudzera mu chithandizo chochokera ku Southern African Power Pool (SAPP), pamodzi ndi maiko otithandiza akunja akusinkha-sinkha zokoka mphamvu ya magetsi yokulirapo (400 kV) kuchokera ku Matambo (Boma la Changara lomwe liri mu chigawo cha Tete ku Mozambique) kufika ku Phombeya (m’boma la Balaka). Pakadali pano, Pulojekitiyi iri pa kafukufuku oona za luso logwilira ntchitoyi, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi chikhalid we cha malo okhudzidwa ndi Pulojekitiyi. 2. Pulojekitiyi ndi mbali imodzi ya ntchito ya m’gwirizano wolumikiza mphamvu za magetsi mzigawo za maiko akummwera kwa Africa ndi zolinga izi: (i) kukhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi kudali rana pa mphamvu ya magetsi mmaikowa; (ii) kupititsa patsogolo malonda a magetsi ndi maiko oyandikana; (iii) kulimbikitsa kudalirika kwa mphamvu ya magetsi ku Malawi. 3. Mwachindunji, pulojekitiyi idzayenda motere: Kukoka nthambo za magetsi a mphamvu yochuluka (400 Kv) pa mtunda wobzyolera makilomita 211 kuchokera ku Matambo mdziko la Mozambique kupita ku Phombeya ku Balaka kuno ku Malawi. Kukhazikitsa makina ndi zipangizo zochepetsa mphamvu ya magetsi kuchokera pa 400 Kv kufika pa 200 Kv ndikubwezeretsanso mphamvuyi kuchkera pa 200 kv kufika pa 400 kv. Makina ndi zipangizo izi zidzakhazikitsidwa ku nyumba yamagetsi yaing’ono ya Matambo kapena pa nyumba yaing’ono yamagetsi ya Phombeya kapenanso pa malo ena atsopano oyenera ndi oyandikira nchitozi. Kumanga misewu yodutsira pokonza ndi kusamalira mphamvu ya magetsiyi. 4. Mwa zina za m’mene idzakhalire pulojekitiyi: Kutalika kwa mulifupi mwa njira yodutsa nthambo zamagetsi ndi mayadi 55 Mtunda wa pakati pa matawa awiri onyamula nthambo udzakhala mayadi 450 Utali wa ma tawa kupita m’mwamba udzakhala wosachepera mayadi 44 komanso wosapitilira mayadi 53 Mzika kapena mazati wa tawaudzakhala mayadi 20 mulitali ndinso mayadi 20 mulifupi 5. Kafukufuku amene akuchitika ndi amene adzatilondolere zoyenera kuchita pa ntchito yokoka magetsiyi, polingalira mofatsira za katetezedwe ka chilengedwe, umoyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. 6. WSP Canada mogwirizana ndi WWEC atumidwa ndi Eletricidade de Mocambique (EDM) ndi Electricity Supply Commission of Malawi (ESCOM) kuti awunike momwe ntchito yokoka magetsiyi ingakhudzire Chilengedwe Umoyo ndi Chikhalidwe cha Anthu (ESIA) ndinso kukonza ma pulani a msamuko ndi chipepeso kwa iwo amene adzakhudzidwe. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process: 1. Ntchito yofufuza za mmene Pulojekiti yokoka magetsi a mphamvu ochuluka ingakhudzile za Chilengedwe, Umoyo ndi Chikhalidwe cha anthu (ESIA) ndi ndondomeko ya malamulo a dziko la Malawi kudzera mu lamulo la mayendetsedwe a zachilengedwe. Ntchito ya Kafukufukuyi (ESIA) pamodzi ndi malamulo a Msamutso ndi Chipepeso kwa okhudzidwa ndi ntchitoyi (RPF) ndi yobvomerezeka ndi malamulo a dziko komanso ndi ndondomeko za dziko la Malawi. Ntchi toyi ikutsatiranso ndondmeko za maiko amane akuthandiza dziko la Malawi ndi ndalama pa Pulojekitiyi– The World Bank – ndi cholinga choonetsetsa kuti upangili weni weni woteteza za chilengedwe, umoyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ukwanilitsidwa. WWEC MOZAMBIQUE - MALAWI POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT 2. Cholinga cha kufufukuyu ndi kuinkhasinkha, kulemba ndi kufotokoza zabwino ndi zoipa zimene Pulojekitiyi ingabweretse pa Chilengwedwe ndi Chikhalidwe cha anthu mmidzi yawo. Kafuku fukuyunso akufuna kupeza njira zochepetsera kapenanso kupepesera anthu amene akhudzidwe kwambiri ndi Pulojekutiyi. Komanso cholinga cha kafukufuyu ndikuonetsetsa kuti anhtu apindule ndi zotsatira zake za Pulojekitiyi moswononga chlengedwe and ma ufulu a anthu okhudzidwa. Kafukufukuyunso adzakhazikitsa njira younikira mmene chilengedwe, umoyo ndi kakhalidwe cha anthu chidzatetezedwere pamene Pulojekitiyi ikumangidwa ndi kuyendeketsedwa. 3. Ndondomeko ya msamutso ndi chipepesoyi (RPF) idzapereka chinthunzithunzi cha mmene anthu ndi mabanja awo angadzakhudzidwire komanso mmene, chuma ndi katundu wawo zingadzakhudzidwe ndi kusokonedzed- wa kapena kuchotsedwa ndi Pulojekitiyi. Ndondomeko ya msamutso ndi chipepeso idzapereka tsatanetsatane wa zofuna kuchita ndi cholinga chopewa, kuchepetsa komanso kuchotsa zobvuta zomwe zingafikire anthu, mabanja ndi chuma chawo. Ndondomekoyi idzaunikiranso mmene chipepeso ndi thandizo zingaperekedwere 1. kwa anthu okhudzidwa ndi cholinga chowonetsetsa kuti anthu asabvutike koma apitirize kukhala mmene amakhalia kapena kuposa apo. 4. Nchito ya kafukufukuyi ndi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya msamukoyi (ESIA and RPF) ikuyenera kutha pofika June 2017, mogwirizana ndi ndandanda uwu: Kuunika za chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe ndikusankha njira yodutsa magetsi imene idzabvome rezedwe. – August kifikira November 2016; Kafukufuku wa dera lomwe Pulojekiti idzakhzikitsidwe ndi kukhazikitsa njira imene ma waya amagetsi adzaditse – November 2016 kufikira June 2017, 5. Misonkhano yodziwitsa anthu ndi kugawana mzeru idzachitika nthawi zosiyana-siyana mu nthawi ya Kafuku- fukuyu ndi cholinga chopereka danga kwa mafumu, atsogoleri, anthu,ndi mabanja okhudzidwa ndi ena onse achidwi pa Pulojekitiyi. Mwa zina zochitika ndi izi: Mfufuzo oyamba monga mbali yoyamba ya pulojekiti – October 2016 Mkumano wogawana maganizo wa m’madera okhudzidwa ndi Pulojekitiyi - November 2016 Mkumano wokambilana ndi kugwirizana mfundo zimene zapezeka pa kafukufuku (ESIA ndi RPF) - Ianuary 2017 Phindu limene lingapezeke lokhudzana ndi kubwera kwa pulojekiti iyi: Kukonza ndi kupereka magetsi mogwirizana ndi maiko a pafupi ndi Malawi, kuchulutsa kagwirit sidwe nchito ndi kudalirika kwa magetsi. Pulojekititiyi ilimbikitsa nchito za magetsi a dziko la Malawi ndi chitukuko cha mmadera kudzera kupezeka pafupi ndi kutchipirako kwa magetsi. Pulojekitiyi ilimbikitsa chitukuko cha mu dziko lino ndi maiko oyandikana nawo Pulojekitiyi ipereka mwai woonjezera magetsi kumudzi ndi mmizinda ya dziko lino. Zovuta zimene zingabwere chifukwa cha Pulojekiti ya mtundu uwu. Kalambula nthawi zina kumaononga zomera ndi nkhalango ngakhale nyama zamchire. Ntchito za chitukuko cha magetsi nthawi zina zimatsegula malo amene anali obvuta mafikidwe. Anthu amayamba kulowa malo otetezedwa ndikumadula mitengo kapena kupha nyama m’njira yakuba. Chiletso chikhoza kubwera kwa anthu pa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo ndinso pa ntchito za ulimi kapena milimo. Mawaya a magetsi amatha kupha mbalame zochokera kutali komanso ndege zazingono zouluka munsi zikhoza kukodwa. Ntchito yomanga ikayamba imatha kusokoneza mbeu mmunda ndi kukhudza anthu a mmadera ozungulira. Anthu amene ali pafupi ndi malo odutsa mawaya a magetsi angathe kusamutsidwa chifukwa choopa ngozi zochokera ku mphamvu yamagetsi. WWEC MOZAMBIQUE - MALAWI POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Project Information Memo - October 2016 Project overview: 1. The governments of Mozambique and Malawi, with support from the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) and international donors, are considering the development of a 400 kV transmis- sion line from the existing Matambo substation (Changara District, Tete Province, Mozam- bique) to the future Phombeya substation (Balaka District,Southern Region, Malawi). This project is currently at the stage of the technical, environmental and social feasibility studies. 2. The project is part of an ongoing regional energy integration process, with the objective to: (i) establish a cooperative power pooling mechanism for Southern Africa; (ii) promote and enhance electricity trade with neighbouring countries; and (iii) improve the power security and reliability of supply on Malawi’s network. 3. Specifically, the project is likely to require the following activities: Construction of a 400 kV power transmission line over 211 km (84 km in Malawi); Installation of new transformation equipment to shift power voltage from 400kV to 220 kV or vice versa. These could be located either at Matambo substation, at Phombeya substation or in a new substation along the proposed corridor; Construction of access and maintenance roads along the power line. 4. Project technical characteristics: Width of wayleave under the line: 55 m Tower spacing: 450 m Tower height: 44 to 53 m Tower base: ± 20 x 20 m 5. Studies underway will determine the best route option for the transmission line based on technical, environmental and social considerations. 6. WSP-Canada, in collaboration with WWEC, has been engaged by Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM) and Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi (ESCOM) to undertake an Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Study and prepare a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for this project. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process: 1. Conducting an ESIA for high voltage transmission lines is a legal requirement under Malawi’s environmental regulations. The ESIA and RPF development process for this project is thus aligned with national procedures, applicable laws and regulations. It also follows guidelines of funding agencies, such as the World Bank, in order to integrate the best environmental and social practices. 2. The ESIA aims to document the positive and negative e ects that the Project might have on the natural environment and communities. It also aims to identify and plan the required measures to mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts and to maximize positive impacts. The ESIA shall also put forward an environmental and social monitoring program to accom- pany the implementation of the Project. WWEC MOZAMBIQUE - MALAWI POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT 3. The RPF will provide a preliminary assessment of the households and collective assets that are likely to be displaced by the project. Displacement can be either physical (loss of shelter) or economical (loss of access to land-based resources a ecting livelihoods). The RPF will specify the procedures and actions that will be taken to mitigate adverse e ects on those households and communities, compensate their losses and provide resettlement assistance to ensure the restoration of their livelihoods. 4. The ESIA and RPF studies are expected to be finalized by June 2017, accordingly with the following general schedule : Scoping of environment and social issues, corridor options analysis and selection of preferred corridor – August to November 2016; Detailed ESIA and RPF (including field surveys and optimization of line alignment) – November 2016 to June 2017. 5. Informative and consultative meetings will be held at di erent points through the studies, allowing for inputs from authorities, a ected communities and other stakeholders. This will include: Initial consultations as part of the Environmental and Social Scoping exercise (October 2016); Consultation of a ected communities (November 2016); Consultation on draft ESIA and RPF reports (January 2017). Benefits and impacts generally associated with power transmission line projects Potential benefits associated with the Project include: The consolidation of the national electricity grid, increasing its reliability and security; Encouraging national and regional development through a more reliable access to electricity; and Creating new opportunities for rural and urban electrification. Negative impacts sometimes associated with transmission lines include: Wayleave clearance may bring about damage to vegetation and wildlife habitat; Transmission lines may open up virgin land and provide easy access to illegal loggers or poachers; Restrictions may apply on land use and agricultural activities under the line (within wayleave); Transmission lines may have e ects on migratory birds and low flying aircrafts; Construction works may disturb seasonal crops and a ect nearby population; For safety reasons, transmission lines require people to resettle outside the wayleave. WWEC APPENDIX 3-3 MINUTES AND SIGNATURES FROM THE 1ST CONSULTATION ROUND MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 MIN. OF LANDS, HOUSING AND URBAN PLANNING (MLHUP) Date: Nov. 7th, 2016 Meeting location: Lilongwe Participants: DPRME: Davie CHILONGA, Principal Estate Management Officer; T. MWALE, Estate Management Officer. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Precious CHAPONDA (WWEC); Gertrude MALULU (ESCOM). Duration of meeting: 1h30 Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. Recent resettlement experiences in the project area for private development projects have created very high expectations in local communities with regards to compensations. An important communication effort will be required to explain the official basis for land valuation and re-establish a balance between government and PAPs interests. 2. Land-for-land compensation strategies are considered to be difficult to implement in Malawi because people expect money and prefer to look for replacement land themselves. Past experiences have shown that, when it is the government who finds the replacement lands, it is often far away, and displaced families end up coming back to where they initially were. 3. Compensation money needs to be handed directly to PAPs, and not through district or village headmen. 4. Municipal lands (managed by district authorities for public purposes) are likely to be affected. Compensations for such lands need to be provided to District Councils, either in cash or, and preferably, through public investment agreements. 5. The resettlement process needs to consider the provisions of the new Land Bill 2016, even though the date of effectiveness of this bill is still unknown. The most important implications of the new bill, for this project are: 1) the use of new land valuation basis, with the notion of “appropriate” value (i.e. market value); 2) the involvement of the Land Physical Planning Commissions. 6. Land reserves for roads need to be respected (no towers). 7. The compensation and resettlement strategies recently developed by the MCA for the Phombeya – Nkhoma Transmission Line Project are considered to be a good model to be followed for this project. 8. The participation of a recognized land valuer to the surveys is a requirement. 1 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 9. The border with Mozambique is not clearly delimited everywhere on the ground and mistakes could be made by surveyors as to whether a land or household is in Malawi or Mozambique. For the RPF exercise, this does not raise an important issue, but, for the eventual RAP study, and because of the sensitivity of international borders, it is recommended that the consultant seek assistance from the Central Department of Land Services. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 2 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 MALAWI HUMAN RIGHT COMMISSION Date: Nov. 7th, 2016 Meeting location: Lilongwe Participants: MHRC: Hary MIGOCHI, Director of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights depart.; Peter MOTA, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Officer. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Precious CHAPONDA (WWEC); Gertrude MALULU (ESCOM). Duration of meeting: 1h Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. A major concern is that communities in Malawi are not sufficiently informed and consulted when development projects happen. Traditional leadership needs to be engaged with. People will support the project if they understand it. ESCOM should use a human-right based approach in the development of its projects, which is all about consultation and empowerment through “informed decision”. 2. Accountability and grievance mechanisms need to be put in place. These have to be accessible, widely disclosed and understood by the people. People need to know where to go to claim their rights and get answers. 3. Vulnerable groups to be considered include: the physically and mentally disabled, people with HIV/AIDS, the children and women. No marginalized ethnical groups are expected to be found in the study area. There might be refugees from Mozambique, but they are difficult to identify as they usually do not have identification documents. Tenant farmers are not considered in usual compensation practices, but should be eligible to some assistance. 4. It is recommended to use the District Executive Commissions as an entry point for information disclosure and coordination at the local level. Communication through the District Commissioner would only generate mistrust. 5. Graveyards and other sites of cultural importance for communities are likely to be affected. Communities should be consulted on the best ways to deal with such sites. 6. Compensation strategies should include support for the preparation of replacement agricultural plots. People will prefer cash compensations, but will not necessarily use the money properly. There is a need for assistance and follow-up with PAPs to make sure that the money is actually used to replace what was lost. 3 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 7. Men usually take control over compensation money, even when it is given to the women. The best way to address this problem is women empowerment through information, sensitization and transparency. Women need to know the amount of the compensation that was provided for their household. Compensation should be paid to “families”, and not to th e head of household. 8. A special attention must be given to children interests in the resettlement process. 9. The affected communities must benefit from the Project. This could be either through job opportunities or community investments. 10. Different social disturbances are often associated with construction works and the presence of workers from outside. This includes conflicts between workers and local populations, tensions within households and HIV/AIDS. The project should put a strong emphasis on civic awareness and sensitization, directed to both the workers and the local communities, to prevent such problems. 11. Entry points to reach women at the village level are the churches or mosques and the District Women or Community Development Officers. 12. Local NGOs should be involved in the implementation of the sensitization activities. Potential partner NGOs include the MHRC (office in Blantyre) and the National Initiative for Civic Education (NICE). Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 4 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT (EAD – MRNEM) Date: Nov. 7th, 2016 Meeting location: Lilongwe Participants: EAD: Juwo SIBALE, Chief Environment Officer. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Precious CHAPONDA (WWEC); Gertrude MALULU (ESCOM). Duration of meeting: 1h Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 0. The project is expected to: 1.  Comply with World Bank’s safeguard policies. 2.  Conduct thorough public consultations and show, in the EIA report, how public concerns have been addressed. 3.  Engage with the departments of Antiquities and of Forestry, as well as with the affected Districts’ Environmental Officers. 4.  Involve NGOs in the planning and monitoring of the resettlement process, such as OXFAM and CEPA. 5.  Receive approval from the Ministry of Lands for the RPF or RAP document (EAD’s approval of the EIA report is usually conditional to the approval of the RPF/RAP document by the Ministry of Lands). 6.  Assess the potential health risks associated with the electromagnetic fields, considering that people tend to settle within the ROW, or close to it, even if this is forbidden. 7.  Integrate sensitization and prevention measures for HIV/AIDS, which is a major concern in Malawi during construction works. A proper HIV/AIDS policy needs to be established. 8. Avoid protected areas as much as possible. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 5 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE Date: Nov. 8th, 2016 Meeting location: Lilongwe Participants: DNPW: Chizamsoka MANDA, Deputy Director. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Precious CHAPONDA (WWEC); Gertrude MALULU (ESCOM). Duration of meeting: 1h Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1.  The whole area affected by this project is located on community lands and, as such, it is unlikely to affect any area of particular sensitivity for wildlife. Nevertheless, general precautions for wildlife apply and usual impact mitigation measures must be implemented. 2.  The Thambani Forest Reserve is not considered to be critical for wildlife. No important wildlife migration corridors are known in the project area. 3.  The mandatory 30-meter buffer zone along rivers needs to be considered (no towers). 4.  It is recommended to consult the District Environmental Officers as they will have a more thorough knowledge of the project area. 5. It is also recommended to consult the department of Fisheries for information on potential issues associated with the rivers that are crossed by the line. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 6 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY (MRNEM) Date: Nov. 8th, 2016 Meeting location: Lilongwe Participants: MRNEM: Dr. C.Z. CHILIMA, Director of Forestry; T. MAUHAMBERA, DDF. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Precious CHAPONDA (WWEC); Gertrude MALULU (ESCOM). Duration of meeting: 1h Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. Compensations need to be provided for cut trees, based on the calculation of the volume lost and the department’s price list for the different species. For trees in a forest reserve, compensations are paid to the Forestry department. Outside of forest reserves, they are paid to individual owners (for productive trees) or to communities (for natural trees). Compensation to communities should be delivered through reforestation projects. 2. Community forests are likely to be found in the project area and should be avoided as much as possible. 3. Cluster of mopane trees should be identified and avoided as much as possible by the transmission line. Certain species of mopane trees (hard wood) are targeted for exportation, often illegally, and are overexploited. 4. The protection of the Thambani forest reserve is a major concern. This area is protected for biodiversity conservation purposes and also for its contribution to the sustainable management of the Shire River watershed. As of now, the reserve has a good conservation status and illegal timber or charcoal activities are not reported. The Project could however encourage such illegal activities if the line and associated access roads are located too close from the reserve. It will be important to minimize the number of access roads near the forest reserve, to control traffic on such roads and to close them after construction works. 5. There is no mandatory buffer zone to be complied with around forest reserves. However, the distance between the line and the reserve should be maximized to the possible extent. 6. Any encroachment within the forest reserve would require the written consent from the Forestry department. 7. Detailed information on the flora of the Thambani forest reserve can be obtained from the Forestry Center of Malawi, in Zomba. 8. As a general recommendation, ESCOM should engage more into forest conservation activities along its power lines, through sensitization, policing and support to the Forestry department in controlling illegal timber exploration. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 7 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AVIATION Date: Nov. 8th, 2016 Meeting location: Lilongwe Participants: DCA: M.E. MONONGA, Air Transport Planning. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Precious CHAPONDA (WWEC); Gertrude MALULU (ESCOM). Duration of meeting: 45 min Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. There is an airfield in the area of Matope, regularly used by small air operators. When they encounter bad weather, they usually put down in this area, waiting for weather to clear. The project must ensure that the national requirements for minimal distances between a 400 kV transmission line and this airfield are complied with. 2. Except Matope, the preliminary line route is not in conflict with any other existing airstrip or planned future developments with regards to aviation sector. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 14th 2016 8 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 WORKSHOP WITH REGIONAL SERVICES (SOUTH) Date: Nov. 9th, 2016 Meeting location: Blantyre Participants: Regional services: Mercy PHIRI, Tourism; Blessings CHASWEKA, Physical Planning; Stanley MALAKAMU, Forestry; Irate MLONDA, Forestry; Cecilia CHAULUKE, Forestry; Brian NYIRONGO; Roads; Medson THOLE, Agriculture; Peter CHIWENI, Lands; Greyson SILWEYS, Lands; Alick MAKANJIRA, Parks and Wildlife; Kitty CHINGOTA, ESCOM. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Selina MPOSA (WWEC); Mabvuto PHULA (WWEC); Gertrude MALULU (ESCOM). Duration of meeting: 3h Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. The District Land Valuers should be involved in the surveys and RPF development processes. 2. Representatives from the Forestry department are concerned about the proximity of the proposed line route with the Thambani forest reserve. They observed that this reserve already faces pressure from illegal loggers and charcoal producers and that the transmission line’s wayleave and access or maintenance roads would facilitate access to the reserve for these illegal activities. The department wishes to visit the area to appreciate the proximity of the corridor to the forest. Although it does not officially apply to infrastructure developments, the department usually applies a 5 km buffer zone around forest reserves for communities, so as to minimize pressures from timber and charcoal activities. 3. The preliminary line route does not affect any migration corridor for mammals, or any sensitive areas in terms of wildlife. The potential for bird collision is however a concern and should be assessed by the EIA. 4. The preliminary line route is not likely to affect any sensitive sites for tourism. 5. A 30 m land reserve must be complied with on each side of the national road (no tower). 6. The access roads required for this project are seen as both an opportunity (for the development of the road network in the area) and a concern (for its potential impacts). The use (and improvement) of existing roads should be preferred to the construction of new ones, where possible. Communities should be involved in the planning of the access roads. 7. Fair compensations for crop losses needed to be provided to farmers. Construction works should take place outside of the agricultural season as much as possible. 8. Creation of job opportunities for local populations is a major concern. 9. The Physical Planning department said they are in the process of developing Zalewa into a rural town. As such, they would appreciate if the corridor was known to them, to make the necessary adjustments to their layout. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 WOMEN’S LEGAL RESOURCES CENTER (WOLREC) 9 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 Date: Nov. 10th, 2016 Meeting location: Blantyre Participants: WOLREC: Maggie KATHEWERA BANDA, Executive Director. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Mabvuto PHULA (WWEC). Duration of meeting: 1h30 Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. Recent resettlement experiences in the area with other projects have generated many problems, which must be anticipated and prevented, including: o Corruption at the district level, where part of the compensation money was retained. o Tensions and violence within households because of compensation money. o Men tend to take control over compensation money, often with little trickle down to family needs. Even though, in the project area, land traditionally belongs to women, compensations are usually paid to the men. Thus, women are losing twice, as they lose both their land and the compensation money. To prevent this, the compensation process must be transparent. Women must know the amount that is given to the household so that they are in a better position to negotiate with their husbands. Compensation should be given to “families” (husband and wife), and not to the head of household. Both husband and wife should sign the compensation documents and come to receive the compensation. 2. The resettlement process must provide assistance for the potential losses of access to social services, such as health clinics, schools, water sources and firewood fetching areas. Displaced families should not have to walk longer distances for these services after resettlement. 3. The project should partner with local NGOs for the activities related to sensitization and community assistance. The approach used by the MCA for the Phombeya – Nkhoma Transmission Line is a good example. Potential partner NGOs in the area include WORLEC (have local offices in Mwanza, Neno and Balaka) and Women and Law. 4. The best approach to engage with women at the community level is to have open assemblies with women in the villages, followed by individual interviews with women leaders and key informants. Focus group discussions with women are seen as restrictive, as it is limited to a few representatives, whose representativeness of the different interests within the community is uncertain. 5. A large ratio of women-headed households (around 33%) is to be expected in the project area. These are to be considered as a vulnerable group in view of the resettlement process. 10 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 6. Job opportunities should be accessible to women. The project’s recruitment policy should deliberately encourage the recruitment of women, and women will be forthcoming. 7. Development assistance priorities for women are the access to water and new energy sources. Rural women generally have to walk long distances to get water and firewood, which is time consuming and has impacts on the whole household. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 11 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 WILDLIFE AND ENVIRONMENT SOCIETY OF MALAWI Date: Nov. 10th, 2016 Meeting location: Blantyre Participants: WESM: Tiwonge GAWA, Board Member. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Mabvuto PHULA (WWEC); Gertrude MALULU (ESCOM). Duration of meeting: 1h30 Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. The project is not expected to raise any significant issues for wildlife, as it remains close to communities and national roads. 2. The project will not affect any known migration corridor of mammals. However, the transmission line could cross migration paths used by vultures to and from the Mujete National Park. Some of these vultures, in particular the white headed and the white back, travel very long distances and are thought to come from Mozambique, although their travel paths are not well known. This should be explored by the EIA, as the risk of collision of these birds with the transmission line could be significant. 3. Antelopes are the biggest mammals likely to be found in and around the Thambani forest reserve. Potential impacts from small mammals (rabbits, rodents) and snakes should also be considered around the reserve. Some endemic small rodents are found in this area. 4. Migration corridors are known in the Balaka district for the Blue Swallow, but this small bird is usually not affected by transmission lines. 5. The Lisungwe escarpment, located near the preliminary line route, is home to a large community of bats. This community has hardly been studied until now, and its movement paths remain unknown. The escarpment is also home to an important community of parrots. The risk of collision with the transmission line for the bats and parrots around Lisungwe should be assessed. 6. Mopane trees (endangered because of timber and charcoal production activities) and baobab trees should be avoided as much as possible as they are the only remaining trees that will provide cavities for the fauna. 7. In the project area, Zalewa and Balaka are known for their road-side sellers of birds, mice and other small mammals. Population influx during construction works could encourage this market fed by poachers. The project should integrate sensitization measures directed to workers on the impacts of the illegal bush meat market. 8. WESM notes a lack of environmental monitoring by ESCOM on its operational transmission lines. As a result, the real environmental impacts of these infrastructures in Malawi are not known. More environmental monitoring should be done along power lines. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 12 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 CLN (MANAGER OF VALE’S RAILWAY) Date: Nov. 10th, 2016 Meeting location: Blantyre Participants: CLN: Allan NYIRONGO, Permanent Way and Telecom Maintenance Supervisor. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Mabvuto PHULA (WWEC); Gertrude MALULU (ESCOM). Duration of meeting: 30 min Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. CLN is concerned about the potential for radio interferences created by the transmission line with its locomotive communication system. To mitigate this risk, the following technical requirements should be respected:  At cross points, the transmission line should be as perpendicular as possible to the railway.  The clearance between the overhead lines and the top of the railway should be of no less than 15 m. (recently CLN has had communication problems because of an OHL hanging just 13 m over the railway, and has asked ESCOM to lift the OHL to 15 m.).  Respect the 60 m land reserve on each side of the railway (no tower). 2. CLN has no issue with the two sites where the preliminary line route crosses the railway. It stresses however that at the crossing point south of Chapita, the embankment on top of which the railway lies is high, which needs to be considered while calculating the height of the OHL. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 13 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 BALAKA DISTRICT Date: Nov. 10th, 2016 Meeting location: Balaka Participants: Balaka: Rodrick MATEAUMA, District Commissioner; Charles MKWATE, Water Officer; Tamandani E. NTEPA, Social Welfare. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Mabvuto PHULA (WWEC); Selina MPOSA (WWEC); Gertrude MALULU (ESCOM). Duration of meeting: 1h Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. Community boreholes are likely to be affected by the line. A major concern is to make sure that any affected borehole is replaced by a new one. 2. The section of the preliminary line route that falls within the Balaka district is a forested area. A lot of trees will be cut. Communities should be compensated for this through reforestation activities. 3. Communities in the project area have had a recent and rather positive experience with resettlement procedures with the implementation, by the MCA, of the RAP for the Phombeya – Nkhoma Transmission Line. They will expect similar compensation strategies. Based on this recent experience, two recommendations are expressed: 1) provide for a lot of sensitization throughout the resettlement planning and implementation phases; 2) be realistic and avoid raising false expectations while promising social and community development assistance. 4. It is recommended to use in-kind compensation strategies for houses and cash compensation for crops and other losses. Arable lands are still available in the area and displaced farmers are not expected to face any significant difficulty in finding replacement lands. 5. The District Council must be informed of, and involved in, the planning for the upcoming surveys. The consultant is asked to communicate with the District Planning and Development Officer for that matter. The District Executive Committee is considered to be the right instance for the next informative and consultative meetings. 6. In terms of community development assistance, water is the most critical issue, as the project area is often affected by droughts. Access to jobs is another major concern. 7. Construction works raise concerns over social disturbances potentially associated with the presence of workers from outside, one of them being a rise in unplanned pregnancies. Sensitization and prevention measures need to be planned to minimize these risks. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 MWANZA DISTRICT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 14 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 Date: Nov. 11th, 2016 Meeting location: Mwanza Participants: Mwanza DEC: 38 participants, including District Technical Officers (Rural Housing, Gender, Immigration, Natural resources, Social, Agriculture, Youth, Lands, Education, Labour, AIDS, Fisheries, Forestry, Community Development, Sports, Police) and NGOs (Save the Children, Red Cross). Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Selina MPOSA (WWEC). Duration of meeting: 3h00 Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. Appropriate compensations must be provided for all losses of agricultural lands and houses. 2. Farmers are not expected to face any significant difficulties in finding replacement lands to farm. Replacement lands will be designated by the chiefs and farmers usually do not have to pay to be allocated new lands. 3. Sensitization and assistance measures to ensure that compensation money is used properly must be provided to the affected families. 4. Recent resettlement experiences in the district have led to gender-based violence within households around the management of the compensation money. Sensitization and prevention measures need to be planned to mitigate this risk. 5. Child labor, sexual abuse of children, prostitution and HIV/AIDS are major concerns associated with construction works and the presence of workers from outside. Sensitization and prevention measures need to be planned to mitigate these risks. 6. The Traditional Authorities (TAs) need to be engaged with in the RPF development process. Two TAs and one sub-TA are affected by the proposed preliminary line route in Mwanza. 7. Local communities need to be directly informed about the project and consulted in the ESIA and RPF development process. 8. Forestry representatives agree with the proposed preliminary line route. However, they make a point that the forested areas of the Nankudwe Estate should be avoided because of their contribution to the protection of the Mwanza River. 9. Compensations for the losses of natural trees should be compensated through reforestation activities. 10. The Project is expected to integrate a Social Responsibility component. Priority areas for social and community investments are education, water and sanitation. 15 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 11. District services and local experts should be involved in the surveys. 12. The District Executive Committee should serve as the entry point for all the activities associated to this project. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 16 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 DZAONE WOMEN GROUP (Women association from the village of Ntache, Mwanza District) Date: Nov. 11th, 2016 Meeting location: Ntache Participants: Dzaone: C. NGOLEMBE, chairperson; S. KAMDERE, vice chairperson; 7 other members of the group. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Selina MPOSA (WWEC). Duration of meeting: 1h00 Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of issues raised: 1. Women can be reached and mobilized through the District Community Development Officer. If it is not possible to have meetings in all the villages, then the existing “areas of development” can be used to organize meetings with groups of villages. Two of such “areas” are affected by the preliminary line route in the District of Mwanza. The best time to meet with women is between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. A majority of women in the villages can read Chichewa. 2. Both men and women must be present when the information and the compensation are provided. Men sometimes get “crazy” with money and, therefore, in -kind compensations are preferred for the displaced houses. For lands, cash compensations are considered to be a better option because the displaced families will prefer to look for replacement lands themselves. 3. Sensitive sites that should be avoided as much as possible by the line route include graveyards, boreholes and other water fetching sites, schools and churches. 4. Job opportunities for men and women from the villages are also a concern. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 17 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 NENO DISTRICT Date: Nov. 11th, 2016 Meeting location: Neno Participants: Neno District: F. LIKONGWE, Senior Chief; R. BVULUMENDE, Community development officer; F. MAGODI, Forestry Officer; V. SAMBUKA, Agriculture Officer; E. Polela, Environment Officer; S. CHIPUTULA, Lands Officer. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Selina MPOSA (WWEC). Duration of meeting: 1h30 Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of issues raised: 1. The proposed preliminary line route will affect many villages and forested areas in the Neno District. 2. The project is welcome as long as it brings benefits to the affected communities. Priorities in terms of local benefits are: access to electricity and job opportunities. Communities will develop a sense of ownership and will protect the infrastructure if they feel that it has benefited them. 3. Appropriate compensations must be provided to affected households and communities. Displaced families should be allowed to choose between in-kind or cash compensations for lost assets. 4. For other development projects, no compensation was provided to communities for “public” lands or protected areas. This has generated frustration for communities and traditional chiefs who consider these lands as theirs. 5. Past experiences with development projects have often led to undelivered promises and disappointments in communities. The traditional and district authorities are then left alone in dealing with complainants and reclamations, yet they receive no support from developers. Compensations should be provided to the chiefs for their contribution in dealing with emerging problems. 6. Social disturbances are expected to occur as men behaviors tend to change when they receive the compensation money. This includes prostitution, abuse of alcohol, blowing up of money in consumption goods, end of marriages and unplanned pregnancies. As a result, families are impoverished. The project must integrate mitigation measures to prevent this. 7. HIV/AIDS is a major concern in the area. 8. Borrowing pits and soil dumping sites can generate dust and nuisances for surrounding populations. District services want to be involved in the selection of these sites. 18 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 9. Vandalism and steel theft sometimes occur with existing power lines and raise questions on the security of the infrastructure. 10. District services should participate to the field surveys, as they will contribute to the identification of sensitive sites, potential issues and solutions. 11. Traditional authorities (TAs and sub-TAs) are influential over land issues in the district and need to be consulted by the project. Two TAs are affected by the preliminary line route in the Neno District. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 19 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 NANKUDWE ESTATE Date: Nov. 12th, 2016 Meeting location: Nankudwe Estate, Mwanza Participants: Nankudwe Estate: Paul Jiya, Estate Manager. Project team: Francis BARBE (WSP); Selina MPOSA (WWEC). Duration of meeting: 1h30 Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. - Physical location of the limits of the Estate. Summary of issues raised: 1. The Estate covers 900 ha and was acquired in 2006 by the current owner from the Press Agriculture Company. Its limits, as they appear on the consultant’s, map are not accurate. The Estate extends further to the south-west up to the limit of the forested area. 2. The Estate is divided into areas for commercial crops (tobacco, sesame, soya beans, groundnuts and peas), grazing lands and forested areas. Commercial crops are concentrated in the northern part of the Estate, whereas the forested areas in the western and southern ends are kept as a reserve for future uses. The owner has undergone reforestation works in these areas over the past years and has constantly tried to protect these areas from nearby villagers trespassing for firewood and timber. 3. Hyenas and antelopes can be seen on the Estate. Prepared by: Francis Barbe, Nov. 13th 2016 20 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 MINUTES OF MEETINGS ESIA/RPF Mozambique – Malawi Interconnection Project Stakeholder Consultation Round 1 (Scoping) Nov. 7th to 12th 2016 DEPARTMENT OF ANTIQUITIES (MITC) Date: Nov. 17th, 2016 Meeting location: Lilongwe Participants: MITC: Aaron KHOMBE, Historian; Alfred TOPEKA, Archaeologist. Project team: Precious CHAPONDA (WWEC) Duration of meeting: 1h Meeting Agenda: - Presentation of the current status of the Project and ESIA process; - Discussion on concerns and expectations with regard to the Project and ESIA/RPF process. Summary of discussions: 1. The project was presented to the officers of the Department of Antiquities, followed by a discussion of what they think about the project. The following points were made:  The project is good for the development of Malawi and the department welcomes it.  The project triggers the Monuments and Relics Act 1990, which calls for a Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment (CHIA). This is also in line with World Bank operational policies. 2. Key issues, concerns and expectations from the project are as follows:  The project area is an archaeological site – it has been habited since the Stone Age (e.g. the Matope Area) and Dr. David Livingstone passed through the area. He even crossed Lisungwi River.  Stone Age artefacts and pottery have been reported in the area. There is also the potential of discovery of old graveyards and cultural sites e.g. initiation ceremony sites.  Before commencement of construction activities, it is advisable for the department to go into the study area, carry out the (CHIA), and write a report of the findings. The department demands allowances for this exercise and not fees. Allowances may include honoraria for local chiefs and local assistants.  Where the Consultant has an Expert in archaeology. The depart demands to review the expert’s CV. It is recommended that an officer from the department should accompany the Expert.  Where archaeological sites are found, depending on the nature of what is found and area coverage, the department may recommend deviation of the transmission line or rescue.  When the department is satisfied that there are appropriate measures for mitigation of Cultural and Heritage Impacts, the Director provides a Consent Letter which has to be appended in the ESIA report. 3. Reports on previous studies: The department carried studies for the Shire River Basin Project and the Vale Railway Line. The reports were submitted to the Consultant and are in the ESIA reports. For the Vale project, the department was involved in the removal of a graveyard. Prepared by: Precious CHAPONDA, Nov. 18th 2016 21 Minutes of Meetings – Initial consultations – November 2016 APPENDIX 3-4 MINUTES AND SIGNATURES FROM THE 2ND CONSULTATION ROUND MINUTES OF THE CONSULTATION MEETING WITH STA PHALULA  HELD AT BALAKA DC OFFICES ON  TUESDAY, 11TH APRIL 2017 AT 8.00 AM    PRESENT    Sub‐TA Phalula  Darlington Kawawa – Director of Administration, Balaka District Assembly  Selina Mposa – WWEC  Kent Kafatia Jnr. – WWEC    STA Phalula had asked that we meet him at the District Commissioner’s Offices as he was working  there on another activity.  The DC had not arrived yet and Mr Darlington Kawawa, Director of  Administration welcomed us on the DC’s behalf and led us to meet STA Phalula.    The meeting started at 8.00 am.    The STA welcomed us and a map of the line route was presented to him.      Project Briefing  The  Consultant    briefed  STA  Phalula  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development of a 400 kV transmission line from the existing Matambo substation (Changara District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the  stage  of  the  technical,  environmental  and  social  feasibility studies.     She  pointed  out  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  objective  to:  (i)  establish  a  cooperative  power  pooling  mechanism  for  Southern  Africa;  (ii)  promote  and  enhance  electricity  trade  with  neighbouring  countries;  and  (iii)  improve  the  power  security  and  reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The  Consultant  further  presented  technical  specifications  and  characteristics  of  the  proposed  project.     The  Consultant  told  added  that  the  project,  like  most  other  development  projects  is  likely  to  impact  on  the  people  socially,  economically  and  environmentally.    She  explained  that  construction  works  may  affect  people’s  land,  buildings,  community  sites,  trees,  wildlife,  general  nature  and  environment.  She went on to say that a community and household survey was being conducted the  purpose of which was to assess the likely social and economic impact of the project on the people as  well as determine a framework for compensation.   The  Consultant  also  mentioned  that  the  project  was  not  about  distribution  of  electricity  but  increasing capacity but that eventually, this would lead to increased distribution.  After the briefing, the STA took a brief look at the map and indicated that he had no questions nor  comments at the moment.  However, he mentioned that the affected villages are Phombeya, Govati,  Chona, Phalula and Kawinga.     The consultant asked the STA to choose the date, time and place for a public assembly.  STA Phalula  put forward Phalula Village as the best place for the meeting.  He then referred us to GVH Phalula  and when contacted, he mentioned that we should meet him at the Phalula Community Centre  where he was with other chiefs attending to activities pertaining to distribution of maize.    Ms Marie Andree Burelle joined in at the DC’s office but the meeting had already ended.   Nonetheless, she was able to meet STA Phalula.    The District Commissioner  also arrived and he provided us with Mr  Njerengo of the DC’s office to  accompany us to GVH Phalula and later into the village.    MINUTES OF THE CONSULTATION MEETING WITH GROUP VILLAGE HEAD PHALULA  AND OTHER  CHIEFS HELD AT PHALULA COMMUNITY HALL ON TUESDAY, 11TH APRIL 2017 AT 9.00 AM    PRESENT  GVH Phalula  VH Phalula  Everson William – Aide  GVH Njiragoma  GVH Nsenjere  GVH Kunyalani  VH Mbengo  VH Chizungu  VH Nthawitsa  Mr Njerengo – officer, DC’s Office  Selina Mposa – WWEC  Marie Andree‐Burelle – WSP, Canada  Kent Kafatia Jnr. – WWEC  Linda Kachale – WWEC  Shadreck Thabwa – WWEC  Griffin Mulima – WWEC  Henry Mbewe – WWEC  Innocent Makoza – WWEC  Chipiliro Sitifano – WWEC  Lusungu Chamdimba – WWEC  Jill Chikho – WWEC  Alinane Tambala – WWEC      Opening Remarks    Group Village Head Phalula welcomed us and opened the meeting with prayer.  Introductions were  made and the group declared the meeting open. The consultant  in turn thanked the village leaders  for making time to attend the meeting.    Project Briefing  The  Consultant    briefed  the  meeting  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development of a 400 kV transmission line from the existing Matambo substation (Changara District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the  stage  of  the  technical,  environmental  and  social  feasibility studies.     She  pointed  out  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  objective  to:  (i)  establish  a  cooperative  power  pooling  mechanism  for  Southern  Africa;  (ii)  promote  and  enhance  electricity  trade  with  neighbouring  countries;  and  (iii)  improve  the  power  security  and  reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The  Consultant  further  presented  technical  specifications  and  characteristics  of  the  proposed  project.     The  Consultant  told  the  gathering  that  the  project,  like  most  other  development  projects  is  likely  to  impact  on  the  people  socially,  economically  and  environmentally.   She  explained  that  construction  works  may  affect  people’s  land,  buildings,  community  sites,  trees,  wildlife,  general  nature  and  environment.  She went on to say that a community and household survey was being conducted the  purpose of which was to assess the likely social and economic impact of the project on the people as  well as determine a framework for compensation.   The  Consultant  also  mentioned  that  the  project  was  about  not  about  distribution  of  electricity  but  increasing capacity but that eventually, this would lead to increased distribution.    Friday, 14th April was proposed but it transpired that it was Easter holiday and that people would be  busy with church and other matters.  Saturday, 15th April was suggested in place of Friday.  Still, the  GVH observed that some people may not attend the meeting as they go to church on Saturday.   Nevertheless, the meeting was scheduled for Saturday 15th April 2017.    The chiefs expressed gratitude and anticipation for the project.  However, they unveiled a number of  concerns and questions as follows:  Concerns   Delays in implementation of compensation   Discrepancies in compensation – some people received more that the value of their  property while others received less than the value of their parcels.   Unfulfilled promises – when projects are coming in, they sweet‐talk the people and  promised all sorts.  Later on, the promises are not honoured.  On this issue, the chiefs and  leaders said people are becoming more and more aware and knowledgeable so they are no  longer taking things at face value.  Questions   Some people have got only one parcel and if asked to resettle, where are they going to go?   How was the project going to benefit them?  The consultant told the leaders that compensation will be paid in a timely manner and on the issue  of discrepancies, she told them that this project will ensure that affected people are compensated  fairly – according to the value of the property they are going to lose.  On unfulfilled promises, the consultant assured the chiefs that for this project, if they promise  something, they will deliver and that the consultations are ongoing.  There being no other business to discuss, the meeting closed at 10.00 am.  Considering the GHV Phalula’s sentiments about some people going to church on Saturday, the  Consultant called Mr Njerengo, the officer from the DC’s office on Wednesday 12 April, 2017 to  consult GHV Phalula about changing the date from Saturday, 15th April to Easter Monday, 17th April  2017 in order to accommodate everyone.  The officer promised to do this and later confirmed that  he had sought the GVH’s views and that the GVH had confirmed that the meeting take place on  Monday, 17th April instead of Saturday, 15th April.  Somehow, the officer never contacted the GVH  about the change and people gathered for the assembly on Saturday, 15th April 2017.  This only  came to light on the day of the public assembly on Monday 17 April 2017.      MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC ASSEMBLY MEETING HELD AT PHALULA ON 17TH APRIL 2017 AT 15:05    Present:  Senior Traditional Authority Phalula  GVH Phalula  GVH Njiragoma  GVH Nsenjere  GVH Kunyalani  VH Mbengo  VH Chizungu  VH Nthawitsa  VH Phombeya     Welcome Remarks    The  meeting  started  with  a  prayer  and  thereafter  Senior  Traditional  Authority  Phalula  welcomed  all  present.    Introduction  The  Consultant  apologized  to  the  gathering  for  communication  breakdown  which  had  resulted  in  people  expecting  the  meeting  to  take  place  on  Saturday,  15  April  2017  thereby  assembling  at  the  meeting place.  She thanked all of them for making time to assemble again.    Project Briefing  The  Consultant   briefed  the  chiefs  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development of a 400 kV transmission line from the existing Matambo substation (Changara District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the  stage  of  the  technical,  environmental  and  social  feasibility studies.     She  pointed  out  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  objective  to:  (i)  establish  a  cooperative  power  pooling  mechanism  for  Southern  Africa;  (ii)  promote  and  enhance  electricity  trade  with  neighbouring  countries;  and  (iii)  improve  the  power  security  and  reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The  Consultant  further  presented  technical  specifications  and  characteristics  of  the  proposed  project.     The  Consultant  told  the  group  that  the  project,  like  most  other  development  projects  is  likely  to  impact  on  the  people  socially,  economically  and  environmentally.   She  explained  that  construction  works  may  affect  people’s  land,  buildings,  community  sites,  trees,  wildlife,  general  nature  and  environment.  She went on to say that a community and household survey was being conducted the  purpose of which was to assess the likely social and economic impact of the project on the people as  well as determine a framework for compensation.   The  Consultant  also  mentioned  that  the  project  was  not  about  distribution  of  electricity  but  increasing capacity but that eventually, this would lead to increased distribution.          Questions, Concerns and Requests  The people wanted to know whether the project will use the current infrastructure or not.   The  Consultant  explained  that  a  new  route  is  being  charted  with  new  towers  and  lines  and  that  the  difference between what is currently on the ground and this project is that the Mozambique‐Malawi  Power  Interconnection  Project  is  increasing  the  capacity  of  electricity  to  make  power  in  Malawi  more reliable and available.    Compensation issues/problems were highlighted and the people asked that should there be need for  re‐settlement  they  should  get  enough  money  to  enable  them  re‐settle.    They  also  asked  that  compensation  should  not  take  a  long  time  as  past  experience  with  other  projects  has  left  others  waiting  for  more  than  2  years.    It  was  also  revealed  that  some  compensation  figures  came  out  different from what they had initially been promised which raised suspicions.  The Consultant assured  that compensation will be fair for all affected and  this will include fruit trees  as well as natural and exotic trees.    The assembly also asked that they be considered for job opportunities.  The  Consultant  assured  that  the  project  will  consider  the  local  people  first  for  any  suitable  employment and it will consider gender equality too.  Following  question  and  answer  time,  the  people  went  into  groups  to  document  their  concerns,  requests and recommendations as follows:    MEN  Recommendations    On  the  issue  of  compensation,  the  men  recommended  that  there  should  be  continuity;  that  the  same  people  involved  with  assessment  should  follow  through  the  compensation  process.   Further,  they  indicated  that  the  Valley  Railway  Project  paid  out  cash  in  lump  sums  and  that  this project must do the same.   Compensation  should  not  go  through  the  DC’s  office  because  they  steal  their  money  especially for the illiterate, less aware villagers.   Local people to be considered for employment   Health  and  Safety  matters  to  be  observed  and  strongly  adhered  to.    Some  projects  make  them work without proper safety wear and equipment.    WOMEN  Concerns    Wages/salaries paid are low   Nepotism and favouritism are rampant    Inconsistencies in wages/salaries and when they complain they get fired on the spot   Marriage disruptions/break‐ups   Some hiring officers ask for sex in exchange for consideration for employment   Some hiring officers ask for bribes, again, in exchange for employment   Work  schedules  to  be  considered  for  females  as  it  is  dangerous  to  travel  back  home  late  at  night.  Late knocking off for women should be minimized    Requests    Boreholes needed as women have to travel long distances    Recommendations   Women to be considered for work too   Women should form part of the hiring team   Transportation should be provided to and from the sites of work   Food (lunch) should be provided at work   When  a  person  is  injured  on  the  job,  transportation  and  medical  treatment  should  be  taken  care of as well as compensated for   If an employee dies, the project to take care of coffin and other funeral expenses   Contact numbers for people responsible for salaries/wages should be made readily available  to avoid tricks by the paying officers   If possible, they would like to be paid fortnightly   Uniforms and protective clothing to be supplied   Ladies’ shoes should be different from men’s – not one size fits all   Don’t take too long to hire people as this brings anxiety    The Consultant promised to present their concerns and requests to the project.  Senior  Traditional  Authority  Phalula  thanked  all  those  present  and  remarked  that   the  project  should  expect  a  lot  of  problems  if  their  requests  are  not  taken  into  account  and  expressed hope that their concerns will be addressed.    There being no further business to be discussed the meeting closed at 15.53 with a prayer.    MINUTES  OF  THE  MEETING  WITH  TRADITIONAL  AUTHORITY  SYMON  HELD  ON  12TH  APRIL  2017  AT  2:30 PM AT HIS PALACE  PRESENT:  Traditional Authority Symon  VH Mwingitsa  Edson Likongwe ‐ Aide  Magret Nkhalamba – ADC Chair  Beatrice Mapamba – VDC Member  Chisomo Chado – Youth Representative  Selina Mposa – WWEC  Olive Kalonga – WWEC    Opening Remarks  A prayer was said to open the meeting and Traditional Authority Symon welcome us.     The Consultant explained that the meeting was to brief them on the upcoming Mozambique‐Malawi  Power Interconnection Project.     TA  Mlauli  acknowledged  that  he  was  aware  of  the  project  as  he  was  also  present  at  the  initial  consultation meeting at the DC’s office in November 2016.  The  consultant  present  a  map  for  the  area  to  the  TA  and  after  scrutinizing  it,  the  TA  observed  that  villages  Liyenda,  Mbemba,  Ntingala,  Nsalafose,  Chaponda,  Kandoje,  Ngwenyama  III,  Kammwamba,  Chikapa,  Kanono  and  Mwingitsa  are  most  likely  the  affected  one.    He  also  observed  that  the  line  route  will mainly affect land and not many houses.  Project Briefing   The  Consultant   briefed  the  TA  and  community  leaders  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development  of  a  400  kV  transmission  line  from  the  existing  Matambo  substation  (Changara  District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the  stage  of  the  technical,  environmental and social feasibility studies.     She  pointed  out  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  objective  to:  (i)  establish  a  cooperative  power  pooling  mechanism  for  Southern  Africa;  (ii)  promote  and  enhance  electricity  trade  with  neighbouring  countries;  and  (iii)  improve  the  power  security  and  reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The  Consultant  further  presented  technical  specifications  and  characteristics  of  the  proposed  project.     The  Consultant  told  the  gathering  that  the  project,  like  most  other  development  projects  is  likely  to  impact  on  the  people  socially,  economically  and  environmentally.   She  explained  that  construction  works  may  affect  people’s  land,  buildings,  community  sites,  trees,  wildlife,  general  nature  and  environment.  She went on to say that a community and household survey was being conducted the  purpose of which was to assess the likely social and economic impact of the project on the people as  well as determine a framework for compensation.   The  Consultant  also  mentioned  that  the  project  was  not  about  distribution  of  electricity  but  increasing capacity but that eventually, this would lead to increased distribution.  After  the  brief,  the  Traditional  Authority  asked  that  the  project  ensures  that  the  affected  people  are  informed  of  the  timeframe  within  which  compensation  will  take  place  and  further  that  compensation  amounts  should  be  directly  communicated  to  the  people  (as  opposed  to  the  DCs  office informing them).     The  leaders  also  wanted  to  know  if  the  locals  will  be  offered  work.   The  consultant  responded  that  most  of  the  work  will  be  done  by  machines  and  other  work  will  require  technical  experts.   However,  the  assured  them  that  should  there  be  need  to  hire  people  for  menial  and  other  odd  jobs,  consideration will go to the people in the area.  For  a  public  assembly,  TA  Symon  proposed  that  the  meeting  should  take  place  on  Thursday,  20th  April  at  10:00  am.   Kammwamba  Village  was  chosen  as  the  ideal  place  as  it  was  more  central.   Once  again the Traditional Authority expressed gratitude for the proposed project.  There being no other business, the meeting closed with a prayer at 15:25pm.      PUBLIC ASSEMBLY MEETING HELD ON 20TH APRIL 2017 AT KAMMWAMBA AT 9:30 AM  Pressent:  Senior Traditional Authority Symon  GVH Samisoni  GVH Ngwenyama  GHV Kasamba  VH Mwingitsa  Selina Mposa – WWEC  Olive Kalonga – WWEC  Gertrude Malulu ‐ ESCOM    Opening Remarks  The  meeting  opened  with  a  prayer  and  The  Traditional  Authority  welcomed  all  present  and  asked  the  consultant  to  address  the  gathering.   In  response,  the  consultant  thanked  the  TA,  chiefs  and  all  the people gathered for their time.  Project Briefing  The  Consultant    briefed  the  gathering  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development of a 400 kV transmission line from the existing Matambo substation (Changara District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the  stage  of  the  technical,  environmental  and  social  feasibility studies.     She  pointed  out  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  objective  to:  (i)  establish  a  cooperative  power  pooling  mechanism  for  Southern  Africa;  (ii)  promote  and  enhance  electricity  trade  with  neighbouring  countries;  and  (iii)  improve  the  power  security  and  reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The  Consultant  further  presented  technical  specifications  and  characteristics  of  the  proposed  project.     The  Consultant  told  the  gathering  that  the  project,  like  most  other  development  projects  is  likely  to  impact  on  the  people  socially,  economically  and  environmentally.   She  explained  that  construction  works  may  affect  people’s  land,  buildings,  community  sites,  trees,  wildlife,  general  nature  and  environment.  She went on to say that a community and household survey was being conducted the  purpose  of  which  was  to  assess  the  likely  social  and  economic  impact  of  the  project  as  well  as  determine the framework for compensation.   The  Consultant  also  mentioned  that  the  project  was  not  about  distribution  of  electricity  but  increasing capacity but that eventually, this would lead to increased distribution.  Concerns and Questions:     The following were concerns (C) and questions (Q) were voiced out by the public:  C:  Compensation is usually late, from past experience.   A:  The project will compensate the affected people before the project work commences.      Q:  Will re‐settlement be done by the Project or the individuals will bear it alone?  A:   The affected people will be given a choice between having the project building a house of the   same  type  as  they  currently  have  and  receiving  compensation  and  hiring  people  of  their  choice  to build the house for them.    Q:  Will the local people be considered for employment?  A:   Most of the work will be done by machines and technical experts, but, where there is need for          unskilled labour, the local people will get special consideration.     Q:  In case of problems during the project, who will sort them out?  A:  There will be a committee comprising all the stakeholders ranging from Project members, chiefs,         community leaders and local representatives and ESCOM representatives to oversee the project.     Q:  When is the project going to start and when will it finish?  A:   Presently, the project is at the stage of the technical, environmental and social feasibility studies.            You will be informed at every stage of the project.     Some participants complained that surveyors had not surveyed all the land and the people felt some  affected  areas  were  left  out.   It  was  agreed  that  the  surveyors  will  be  asked  to  visit  the  areas  again  but  this  time  they  will  be  accompanied  by  a  village  representative  for  easy  and  accurate  identification of ownership.   The  ESCOM  representative  advised  that  it  is  possible  that  the  poles  and  lines  may  not  follow  the  exact route outlined presently; that there may be slight deviations.    After  question  and  answer  time,  the  people  separated  into  groups  to  document  their  concerns,  requests and recommendations as follows:  MEN  Concerns   When will the committee be set up?   Channel of compensation – will it be paid directly to the people or through some channel?   How long do we have to wait before the project commences?   How will you differentiate between exotic and indigenous trees?   We anticipate employment. What shall we do if that does not happen?   Other projects have promised and not delivered.  Are you going to fulfil your promises?   Other  places  have  boreholes,  piped  water  and  other  developments.   Will  you  be  able  to  do  these developments for us?  Requests   National Secondary school to enable their children to be selected for college education   Clinic   Modern market   Boreholes  Signed:   Geoffrey Dikamdima  WOMEN  Concerns   Will the project not disregard our need for employment as women?   Some of the  surveyors have accessed  our property  and land without our knowledge and it is  possible that someone may have posed as land/property owner.  How will we know?   Work may commence before compensation.  What shall we do in such a case?  Requests   We want a clinic   Secondary school   Boreholes   Modern market  End Remarks   Thank you for this development.  We warmly welcome it.   Please try to consider women for employment  Signed: Aina Chiwaula  YOUTH – BOYS AND GIRLS  Concerns   Girls are sidelined/discriminated at when hiring.  Is this project going to consider our needs?   Corrupt  practices  when  hiring.    They  ask  for  bribes  from  the  job‐seeker.    If  you  don’t  pay,  you don’t get a job.  Please look into this matter critically.   We are very anxious – are we going to be employed?   Are we going to be adequately/fairly compensated?  Requests   As youth (both male and female) we would like to be considered for employment   We want a clinic   Boreholes and piped water   Secondary school   Modern market   College for tertiary education  Recommendations/Remarks   Such  development  projects  (when  hired)  empower  us  economically  and  reduces  thefts  and  robberies.   We  become  self‐supportive  and  keep  busy.   We  girls  shall  ensure  that  we  avoid  HIV and AIDS because we will be economically well‐off.     Availability of power/electricity aids businesses and promotes further development.  Signed  :   Note Kadzuwa (Youth ‐ Boys)    :  Margaret Gazamiala (Youth – Girls)                   CHIEFS  Concerns   When  the  compensation  packages  are  channelled  through  other  systems,  e.g.  the  DC’s  Offices, we get cheated/shortchanged.  We would like this to be analysed critically.  Requests   We want boreholes and piped water   Clinic   Primary and secondary schools  Recommendations   Compensation to be paid directly to the affected people   The affected persons must know how much is due to them and not through a third party like  the DC’s office   When taking measurements of the parcels, the owner must be present.     We welcome this development but please, honour your promises  Signed: Kalumbi Byson  Closing Remarks  Senior Traditional Authority Symon thanked all present once again and emphasized that there will be  need  for  security  and  safety  for  development  project  materials.   He  pleaded  with  the  people  not  to  steal any property or building materials.  The meeting ended at 11:30 am with a prayer.                MINUTES  OF  MEETING  WITH  NENO  DISTRICT  COMMISSIONER  HELD  ON  12TH  APRIL  2017  AT  10:00  AM  Present:  Mr Ali Phiri    ‐  District Commissioner  Mr Alexues  Chipendo  ‐  Assistant District Commissioner  Selina Mposa    ‐  Consultant WWEC  Olive Kalonga    ‐  WWEC  Welcome Remarks  The  District  Commissioner  welcomed  us  and  confirmed  having  received  communication  from  Mr  Chipendo regarding the meeting request.  The  consultant  explained  briefly  explained  that  the  purpose  of  the  meeting  was  to  pay  a  courtesy  call  on  the  District  Commissioner  prior  to  meetings  with  TAs  Mlauli  and  Symon  regarding  the  Mozambique‐Malawi  Power  Interconnection  Project.    In  turn,  the  DC  acknowledged  having  had  a  report  about  the  proposed  electricity  project  from  his  deputy.    He  advised  that  for  the  future,  for  ease  of  communication  and  logistics,  if  we  have  information  to  disseminate,  we  could  use  their  official  DEC  meetings  by  joining  them  while  they  conduct  their  stakeholder  business.  That  would  save us from calling a whole district stakeholder meeting.   The  District  Commissioner’s  major  concern  was  that  our  project  may  face  hurdles  pertaining  to  high  expectations of the people emanating from Valley and the Railway Project.      The  Deputy  District  Commissioner  confirmed  having  communicated  with  Traditional   Authority Mlauli and Traditional Authority Symon about our intended visits.  Conclusion  In  conclusion  he  expressed  gratitude  for  the  development  project  which  will  be  beneficial  to  the  whole  country  and  that  we  could  proceed  to  conduct  the  meetings  as  both  Traditional  Authorities  were expecting us.    The meeting ended at 10:30 am.                  MINUTES  OF  MEETING  WITH  TRADITIONAL  AUTHORITY  MLAULI  HELD  ON  12TH  APRIL  2017  AT  CHIFUNGA VILLAGE AT 1:00 PM  PRESENT:    Traditional Authority Mlauli  GVH Msalawatha  GVH Daelo  GHV Chasesa  Jimmy Gadama – Clerk  Aubrey Khuleya – ADC Member   Joyce Magola – ADC Member  Selina Mposa ‐ WWEC  O Kalonga ‐ WWEC    Welcome Remarks  The  meeting  started  with  a  prayer  and  the  Traditional  Authority  welcomed  all  present  and  asked  us  to brief them about the purpose of our visit.  Project Details  The  Consultant  thanked  all  members  present  and  introduced  the  subject  matter  and  a  map  was  presented to the Traditional Authority and his subjects.    The  Consultant   briefed  the  chiefs  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development of a 400 kV transmission line from the existing Matambo substation (Changara District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the  stage  of  the  technical,  environmental  and  social  feasibility studies.     She  pointed  out  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  objective  to:  (i)  establish  a  cooperative  power  pooling  mechanism  for  Southern  Africa;  (ii)  promote  and  enhance  electricity  trade  with  neighbouring  countries;  and  (iii)  improve  the  power  security  and  reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The  Consultant  further  presented  technical  specifications  and  characteristics  of  the  proposed  project.     The  Consultant  told  the  group  that  the  project,  like  most  other  development  projects  is  likely  to  impact  on  the  people  socially,  economically  and  environmentally.   She  explained  that  construction  works  may  affect  people’s  land,  buildings,  community  sites,  trees,  wildlife,  general  nature  and  environment.  She went on to say that a community and household survey was being conducted the  purpose of which was to assess the likely social and economic impact of the project on the people as  well as determine a framework for compensation.   The  Consultant  also  mentioned  that  the  project  was  not  about  distribution  of  electricity  but  increasing capacity but that eventually, this would lead to increased distribution.    Concerns     The  Traditional  Authority  advised  that  he  has  welcomed  the  project  and  was  happy  with  the  development  ideas.    However,  there  were  concerns  from  him  and  the  other  chiefs  which  were  as  follows:   Consideration  of  the  local  people  for  job  opportunities  the  local  people  as  opposed  to  hiring  people from outside of the area.   In  some  instances  projects  such  as  these  encourage  marriage  break‐ups  because  the  contractors have a lot of money.   Contractors and people from outside of the local areas tend to bring in bad behaviour to the  villages.  The  consultant  advised  that  although  machines  will  be  used  for  most  of  the  work  they  should  be  assured   that   recruitment  of  the  local  people  for  simple  menial  work  will  be  observed.  On  the  issue  of  marriage  break‐ups,  the  Consultant  explained  that  their  concerns  will  be  presented  to  the  project  but  observed  that  while  people  will  be  sensitized  on  social  behaviour  and  its  consequences,  human  behaviour  is  complex  and  complicated  and  therefore  could  not  guarantee  that  the  problems  will  be  avoided especially that people are different.       The consultant further pointed out that the next step will  be  to hold a public  meeting with the local  people for briefing and asked for a venue, day and time to be allocated for this.  The  Traditional  Authority  promised  to  communicate  with  the  affected  Chiefs  to  contact  the  people  for  a  the  meeting.   He  also  mentioned  that  the  project  is  welcome  and  believes  that  it  will  minimize  black‐outs.    Using  the  map,  TA  Mlauli  affirmed  that  the  villages  likely  to  be  affected  are  Chapita,  Chasesa  Daelo  and Msalawatha.  The  Consultant  asked  that  the  Village  Heads  should  be  fully  involved  with  the  surveyors  in  the   identification of property ownership to avoid cheating.  Conclusion  The  Traditional  Authority  proposed  Wednesday,  19th  April  2017  at  10:00  am  as  the  date  for  the  Public Assembly with Chifunga Zone as the venue.  The meeting ended at 1:30pm with a prayer.                MINUTES  OF  PUBLIC  ASSEMBLY  AT  T/A  MLAULI  ON  WEDNESDAY  19TH  MAY  2017  HELD  AT  CHIFUNGA SCHOOL GROUND AT 11:42AM  PRESENT:  Traditional Authority Mlauli  Group Village Head Msalawatha  Village Head Chasesa  Village Head Dealo  Village Head Chapita      Welcome Remarks  The  Traditional  Authority  welcomed  all  present  and  expressed  disappointment  for  the  late  arrival  of  the people.  The Consultant was asked to address the people and she thanked all present for their attendance.  The  Consultant    briefed  the  gathering  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development of a 400 kV transmission line from the existing Matambo substation (Changara District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the  stage  of  the  technical,  environmental  and  social  feasibility studies.     She  pointed  out  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  objective  to:  (i)  establish  a  cooperative  power  pooling  mechanism  for  Southern  Africa;  (ii)  promote  and  enhance  electricity  trade  with  neighbouring  countries;  and  (iii)  improve  the  power  security  and  reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The  Consultant  further  presented  technical  specifications  and  characteristics  of  the  proposed  project.     The  Consultant  told  the  gathering  that  the  project,  like  most  other  development  projects  is  likely  to  impact  on  the  people  socially,  economically  and  environmentally.   She  explained  that  construction  works  may  affect  people’s  land,  buildings,  community  sites,  trees,  wildlife,  general  nature  and  environment.  She went on to say that a community and household survey was being conducted the  purpose  of  which  was  to  assess  the  likely  social  and  economic  impact  of  the  project  as  well  as  determine the framework for compensation.   The  Consultant  also  mentioned  that  the  project  was  not  about  distribution  of  electricity  but  increasing capacity but that eventually, this would lead to increased distribution.  The people welcomed the project but wanted to know the compensation policy and procedure.  The  Traditional  Authority  emphasized  that  should  compensation  not  be  granted  before  the  work  commences  the  project  will  be  frustrated  and  the  people  will  definitely  not  co‐operate  and  may  even not allow their property to be disturbed.  Concerns from the people   The  people  wanted  assurance  that  the  project  will  indeed  take  place  and  will  not  be  interrupted or stopped by politicians.    In  reply  the  Consultant  assured  the  gathering  that  the  project  will  be  implemented  as  scheduled.    Some participants wanted to know whether if any  school is affected will be demolished. The  Consultant  advised  that  this  was  the  reason  why  the  consultations  and  survey  were  being  conducted  to  identify  such  issues  and  agree  on  the  best  way  forward.    She  further  added  that  if  a  school  was  affected,  most  likely  the  line  route  would  bypass  it  instead  of  demolishing it.    The  people  wanted  assurance  that  compensation  will  be  fair  and  wanted  to  know  whether  this  will  be  done  through  the  District  Commissioner  or  directly  to  the  individuals.  They  also  wanted  to  know  if,  for  some  reason,  the  head  of  the  house  affected  is  not  available  to  get  the money, his wife or household representative will be allowed to receive on his behalf.   In  reply  the  Consultant  said  the  people  who  will  be  compensated  have  the  freedom  to  decide  on  the  process  and  logistics  of  the  compensation  and  that  if  the  head  of  the  house  is  not  available  there  will  be  need  to  have  a  signed  document  giving  authority  to  whoever  will  be  the  representative  but  she  assured  them  that  the  expectation  is  that  compensation  will  be done before the construction work commences.     Mrs Gertrude Malulu from ESCOM arrived at this time (12.23pm) and joined the meeting.     There  was  concern  from  the  meeting  participants  that  the  documents  they  had  seen  with  the  surveyors  show  that  natural  resources  will  be  affected  and  that  in  the  past,  other  projects  were  providing  tree  seedlings  and  they  wanted  to  know  if  this  project  will  do  the  same.   The  ESCOM  representative  replied  that  if  the  line  route  affects  natural  trees  the  project  will  surely compensate for them and also provide seedlings for reforestation.     The  people  further  wanted  to  know  if  jobs  will  be  offered  to  the  local  people  and  if  gender  equality  will  be  observed.  They  also  wanted  to  know  if  they  will  be  required  to  undergo  medical  examination  before  being  hired.    A  complaint  was  also  voiced  about  bribery  and  nepotism during recruitment.     The  Consultant  assured  that  jobs  which  local  men  and  women  can  do  will  be  offered  to  them.   Only  jobs  that  require  special  expertise  will  be  handled  by  appropriate  experts.   She  further  informed  them  that  if  they  are  asked  to  undergo  medical  checks  it  will  just  be  standard procedure to ensure that the  employees are physically fit to  make sure work is not  interrupted by chronic illness.       The  people  asked  whether  they  should  go  ahead  working  and  planting  in  their  fields  and  what would happen if their crops coincided with constructions works.     The ESCOM representative advised that the project is currently at the stage of the technical,  environmental  and  social  feasibility  studies  and  as  such,  they  should  carry  on  their  business  as  usual  and  that  should  their  crops  be  affected  at  some  point,  they  will  be  compensated  adequately and appropriately.      The Chiefs also asked that they be included in the job considerations and offers.     The  Traditional  Authority  was  of  the  view  that  compensation  should  mainly  go  to  women  as  traditionally, they are the custodians of family and land.     In  his  final  remarks,  TA  Mlauli  asked  that  when  compensating  the  people,  a  representative  from the DC’s office should be available.      The  Consultant  added  that  where  possible,  the  recipients  of  the  money  should  bring  along  someone they trust to help them count the money in the case of cash pay‐outs.     After asking questions and voicing out their concerns, the people separated into groups to document  their concerns, present requests and recommendations and the following are their documentaries:  MEN  Concerns   Corrupt practices by hiring officers   Will compensation be channelled through the DC’s office?   Will the affected persons be forced to open a bank account with a reputable bank?   The  line  route  will  take  55  metres  of  our  land.    Assume  that  one  has  a  parcel  that  is  60  metres wide, what is he to do with the puny 5 metres?  Requests   At the end of the project, we would like to have additional school block at Chifunga 1   We would like a Police Unit at Chifunga   Consideration for employment during construction   We would like a bridge constructed  on Makali road to Msalawatha   We want a modern market at Chifunga   We would like a sports arena at Chifunga 1 School ground   Construction of an irrigation dam   Funding for reforestation   Recommendations   Compensation to be paid directly to the owner of property   If resettled, construction of the replacement house must not take very long   Please if there is need for workers, consider hiring locally   Safety and security to be ensured at work   Justice, equality and fairness at work   Please honour your promises!  Signed:   Mackford Lackson  Signed:   D K Chavura    WOMEN  Concerns   When  it  comes  to  recruitment  and  hiring,  women  encounter  problems  because  the  hiring  officers ask for sex first if we want to be hired   When hired, as women, we would like to be knocking off in good time  Requests   Chifunga/Jumbe  and  Chikatekate  primary  schools  need  to  be  rehabilitated  and  additional  school blocks. Our children are learning under trees   We need bridges in our area especially bridge over Makali River    We require a police unit   Boreholes and piped water  Recommendations    We welcome the project and want it to take off.  Please do not delay   Compensation to match value of property   If you destroy the natural environment, for example trees, these must be replaced    There  should  be  properly  laid  down  processes  and  procedures  before  construction  commences   Compensation to be done before work begins   Workers should be paid fairly and in time   There should be no difference in wages between men and women doing the same work  Signed: Trifonia Kachingwe   Signed: Eunice Likomwa  The meeting ended with a prayer at 13:00 hrs.      MINUTES  OF  MEETING  HELD  WITH  MWANZA  DISTRICT  COMMISSIONER  AT  HIS  OFFICE  ON  13TH  APRIL 2017 AT 08:00 AM  Present  Humphrey Kalalamuka ‐ District Commissioner, Mwanza  Selina Mposa – WWEC    The  District  Commissioner  welcomed  the   Consultant  and  confirmed  that  as  he  had  advised  earlier,  they had a DEC meeting that morning at 9:00 in which he was expecting both Traditional Authorities  Nthache  and  Kanduku  to  be  present  and  therefore,  that  the  Consultant  could  meet  both  TAs  at  the  DC’s offices before the DEC meeting.  However,  only  Traditional  Nthache  was  available  that  morning  at  the  Mwanza  DEC  meeting  and  the  scheduled brief meeting took place.  The meeting with the District Commissioner ended at 8:15am.  MINUTES OF MEETING WITH TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY NTHACHE HELD ON 13TH APRIL 2017 AT  10:00 AM AT MWANZA DISTRICT COMMISSIONER’S OFFICES  Present:  Traditional Authority Nthache  Selina Mposa – WWEC  Olive Kalonga – WWEC    The  Consultant  held  a  brief  meeting  with  TA  Nthache.  She  explained  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development  of  a  400  kV  transmission  line  from  the  existing  Matambo  substation  (Changara  District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the stage of the technical, environmental and social feasibility studies.     She  pointed  out  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  following objectives:  (i) establish a cooperative power pooling mechanism for Southern Africa;   (ii) promote and enhance electricity trade with neighbouring countries; and   (iii) improve the power security and reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The  Consultant  further  presented  technical  specifications  and  characteristics  of  the  proposed  project.   A map was then presented to the Traditional Authority and after scrutinising it, he observed that the  villages  affected  could  be  Chiwembu,  Pandasoni,  Kasapha,  Golowa,  Kagonamwake,  Chimlango  and  Nthache.      However,  the  TA  said  he  could  not  comment  much  nor  ask  questions  as  he  needed  to  have more time to take a thorough look at the map in order to get a true reflection of the issues.  The Consultant asked TA Nthache to propose a date, time and venue for the public assembly and the  TA  proposed  that  the  meeting  be  held  at  Kagonamwake  Heaquarters  on  Tuesday,  18th  April  at  1:00pm.  The meeting ended at 10:20 am.        MINUTES  OF  A  PUBLIC  ASSEMBLY  HELD  ON  TUESDAY,  18TH  APRIL  2017  AT  KAGONAMWAKE  HEADQUARTERS AT 1:00PM  Present:  Traditional Authority Ntchache  Senior Group Chimlango   GVH Chiwembu   GVH Silota  GHV Gonankhonde  GVH Golowa  GVH Gowelo  GVH Kagonamwake  Selina Mposa – WWEC  Olive Kalonga – WWEC    Welcome Remarks  The  meeting  opened  with  a  prayer  and  the  Traditional  Authority  observed  that  it  was  possible  the  people  who  had  come  to  attend  the  meeting  were  those  who  had  been  affected  by  the  other  projects prior to the proposed Mozambique‐Malawi Power Interconnection Project.  Project Briefing  The  Consultant    briefed  the  gathering  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development of a 400 kV transmission line from the existing Matambo substation (Changara District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the  stage  of  the  technical,  environmental  and  social  feasibility studies.     She  pointed  out  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  objective  to:  (i)  establish  a  cooperative  power  pooling  mechanism  for  Southern  Africa;  (ii)  promote  and  enhance  electricity  trade  with  neighbouring  countries;  and  (iii)  improve  the  power  security  and  reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The  Consultant  further  presented  technical  specifications  and  characteristics  of  the  proposed  project.     The  Consultant  told  the  gathering  that  the  project,  like  most  other  development  projects  is  likely  to  impact  on  the  people  socially,  economically  and  environmentally.   She  explained  that  construction  works  may  affect  people’s  land,  buildings,  community  sites,  trees,  wildlife,  general  nature  and  environment.  She went on to say that a community and household survey was being conducted the  purpose  of  which  was  to  assess  the  likely  social  and  economic  impact  of  the  project  as  well  as  determine the framework for compensation.   The  Consultant  also  mentioned  that  the  project  was  not  about  distribution  of  electricity  but  increasing capacity but that eventually, this would lead to increased distribution.  The people welcomed the project but wanted to know the compensation policy and procedure.  The  Traditional  Authority  emphasized  that  should  compensation  not  be  granted  before  the  work  commences  the  project  will  be  frustrated  and  the  people  will  definitely  not  co‐operate  and  may  even not allow their property to be disturbed.  After  the  briefing,  the  gathering  separated  into  groups  to  document  their  concerns,  requests  and  recommendations as follows:  MEN  Concerns   Sometimes,  development  works  such  as  this  one  brings  about  social  disruptions;  most  marriages break up.   Projects like these promote the spread of HIV and AIDS and other STDs.   Where does one go when they get sick on the job?  Requests   Locals to be considered first for jobs before hiring outsiders   A good Health Centre to be built at either Kagonamwake, Chiwembu or Kagulo   Concrete bridge in Silota village and a good tarmac road is required   There is no hall to be used as a Court, they will be grateful for a modern court building  Recommendations   Compensation should be based on the returns from the property lost  Final Word   We are very grateful for this project because it will reduce electricity outages in the country  Signed: Peter Gumbiti    WOMEN  Concerns    Some chiefs and leaders practice nepotism; they favour their families and relatives   Some hiring officers ask us to have sex with them in order to be considered for employment  Requests   A  clinic  with  maternity  wing.    Women  give  birth  on  the  way  to  the  hospital  because  it  is  located very far away from here and when this happens, the chiefs demand a fine in form of  a goat, chicken or money which increases the pressure on us.   Bridge in Silota Village   Thambani Road to be paved   Court house at Nthache   Boreholes in all the affected villages   Bridge in Mpandadzi   We would like to be considered for employment before you source from outside   We need another secondary school in the area; many boys and girls are not going to school  Recommendations   We  have  agreed  that  compensation  should  be  done  before  constructions  commences  otherwise we will not cooperate  Signed: Gladys Mzimu  Signed: Martha Chitepa    YOUTH – BOYS & GIRLS  Concerns   The project may disregard or ignore our views    We  are  worried  that  there  may  be  accidents  during  constructions  works  which  would  affect  us villagers   In case construction begins before compensation, what are we to do?   Surveyors  got  into  the  village  without  our  knowledge  so  it’s  possible  that  someone  has  claimed our land without our knowledge.  How will we know of such a discrepancy?  Requests   We need a good stadium constructed in Kagonamwake area to keep us busy and healthy   Further, we would like to have a football tournament established   We would like a good health centre with a maternity wing built    We also request a primary school block   We would like to be considered for employment   If you may pave our roads please to aid business operations   We need electricity transformer in the area   We require boreholes   Vocational Skills Development Centre   Bridge next to Lipongwe School   A modern market  Recommendations   Please consider the locals before hiring from outside   We are grateful for this development  Signed: Florence Sagona  Signed: Alfred Bakali  Signed: Margaret Andileya    CHIEFS  Requests    A  health  centre  in  any  one  of  the  following  villages  –  Kagulo,  Chiwembu,  Silota,  Kagonamwake and Nthache.   Paved road from Mwanza Police to Thambani   Construction of bridges from Silota to Chikolosa   Rehabilitation of Mwanza bridge on Thambani Road   Rehabilitation of Mpandadzi bridge   At least three boreholes to be drilled in each of the affected villages   Construction of a conference (community?) hall at Senior Chief Nthache   Construction of a stadium in TA Nthache’s authority   Job opportunities for unskilled labour   Desks for primary schools   Grading of the road to TA Nthache’s headquarters   Construction of a new secondary school   Provision of a step‐down transformer in the area   Construction of a clinic within Chimlango area   Compensation for community leaders   HIV/AIDS awareness   Environmental conservation/reforestation   Signed: Trasizio Yollamu  In her closing remarks, the consultant thanked everyone for their attendance and explained that the  requests  will  be  presented  to  the  project  but  that  no  promises  can  be  made  at  this  time.   The  only  request  which  is  sure  to  be  addressed  at  this  time  is  about  work  consideration  for  the  locals,  but,  bearing  in  mind  that  most  of  the  construction  work  will  be  done  by  machines  while  other  work  will  require special expertise.    The meeting ended at 16:30 with a prayer.    MINUTES  OF  MEETING  WITH  TRADITIONAL  AUTHORITY  KANDUKU  ON  13TH  APRIL  2017  AT  HIS  OFFICE AT  10:40 AM  Present:    Traditional Authority Kanduku  Elisha Ngaiyaye ‐ Aide  Selina Mposa – WWEC  Olive Kalonga – WWEC    WELCOME REMARKS  The  Traditional  Authority  welcomed  us  and  the  Consultant  presented  the  project  details.  She  explained  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development  of  a  400  kV  transmission  line  from  the  existing  Matambo  substation  (Changara  District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the  stage  of  the  technical,  environmental  and  social  feasibility  studies.     She  mentioned  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  following objectives:  (i) establish a cooperative power pooling mechanism for Southern Africa;   (ii) promote and enhance electricity trade with neighbouring countries; and   (iii) improve the power security and reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The Consultant further presented technical specifications and characteristics of the proposed project  and a map of the proposed wayleave.  DISCUSSIONS  After presentation of the  map, Traditional Authority  Kanduku observed that the map did not reflect  a  true  picture  of  what  was  on  the  ground  and  that  it  appeared  from  the  map  that  his  authority  was  not affected.  He, therefore, asked for another clearer map for Kanduku area in order for him to give  details of the affected villages.  The consultant mentioned that the route passed through a communal football ground by Nankudwe  Estate.  TA Kanduku, thus, observed that if that was the case, then Wingolo Village was affected.    The consultant assured him that she will ask for another map for presentation at a later date.    The Traditional Authority wanted to know the electricity will be generated; whether hydro‐powered  or coal.  The consultant responded that it will be hydro‐powered and that project is part of an  ongoing regional energy integration process aimed at establishing a cooperative power pooling  mechanism for Southern Africa.    TA  Kanduku  expressed  concern  regarding  problems  anticipated,  especially  those  to  do  with  compensation.   He  cited  that  past  experience  had  shown  that  the  affected  people  were  not  treated  fairly  because  of  ignorance  and  they  ended  up  poorer  than  before  the  compensation.   He  suggested  that  before  paying  out  compensation  packages,  the  people  should  be  civic‐educated.   This  could  be  in  the  form  of  helping  them  to  re‐settle  or  educating  them  about  opening  bank  accounts  to  ensure  control  of  their  money  instead  of  issuing  out  large  amounts  of  cash.   He  cited  cases  of  some  villages  who  had  gone  to  the  bank  and  simply  gave  their  money  to  the  teller  ‐  asking  them  to  keep  the  money ‐ without opening an account.   The consultant asked the TA to suggest a village, time and date for a public assembly.  The  Traditional  Authority  agreed  that  a  public  meeting  will  be  necessary  but  it  can  only  be  arranged  once  he  gets  a  true  reflection  of  the  map  of  the  affected  areas  to  avoid  conducting  a  meeting  in  a  wrong place.  He tentatively proposed a meeting to be held on Friday, 21st April 2017 at 2:00pm.    The meeting closed at 11:20am.       MNUTES  OF  PUBLIC  ASSEMBLY  MEETING  HELD  ON  25TH  APRIL  2017  AT  MULONGOLOLA  VILLAGE  GROUND AT 09:52 AM  PRESENT:  Group Village Head Mulongolola  Village Head Mulolongolola  Village Head Chilimbira  Rabson Felazawo – Aide  Montford Mauni – Aide  Harry Manuel – Aide  Winston Guzani ‐ Aide  Selina Mposa – WWEC  Olive Kalonga – WWEC    Welcome Remarks  The meeting opened with a prayer.    Traditional  Authority  Kanduku  was  not  present  at  the  meeting  as  he  had  gone  to  attend  to  other  business  in  Mangochi  and  Group  Village  Head  Mulongolora  presided  over  the  meeting.    The  GVH  welcomed us and thanked the people for coming to attend the meeting.   Prior  to  the  public  assembly,  the  surveyors  had  gone  to  TA  Kanduku’s  area  to  physically  determine  the  line  route  with  the  aim  of  identifying  the  affected  villages.    It  transpired  that  villages  Mulongolola, Siledi, Chiwembu and Laundi were affected.    Project Briefing  The  Consultant    briefed  the  meeting  that  the  Governments  of  Mozambique  and  Malawi, with  support  from  the  Southern  African  Power  Pool  (SAPP)  and  international  donors,  are  considering  the  development of a 400 kV transmission line from the existing Matambo substation (Changara District,  Tete  Province,  Mozambique)  to  the  future  Phombeya  substation  (Balaka  District,  Southern  Region,  Malawi)  and  that  this  project  is  currently  at  the  stage  of  the  technical,  environmental  and  social  feasibility studies.     She  pointed  out  that  the  project  is  part  of  an  ongoing  regional  energy  integration  process,  with  the  objective  to:  (i)  establish  a  cooperative  power  pooling  mechanism  for  Southern  Africa;  (ii)  promote  and  enhance  electricity  trade  with  neighbouring  countries;  and  (iii)  improve  the  power  security  and  reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network.    The  Consultant  further  presented  technical  specifications  and  characteristics  of  the  proposed  project.     The  Consultant  told  the  gathering  that  the  project,  like  most  other  development  projects  is  likely  to  impact  on  the  people  socially,  economically  and  environmentally.   She  explained  that  construction  works  may  affect  people’s  land,  buildings,  community  sites,  trees,  wildlife,  general  nature  and  environment.  She went on to say that a community and household survey was being conducted the  purpose of which was to assess the likely social and economic impact of the project on the people as  well as determine a framework for compensation.   The  Consultant  also  mentioned  that  the  project  was  not  about  distribution  of  electricity  but  increasing capacity but that eventually, this would lead to increased distribution.  After the briefing, there were questions and remarks as follows:   It was noted that the Surveyors indicated that 4 villages will be affected by the project but  the Village Head seems to think it will only be 3 villages, namely Chilimbila, Mulongolola and  Siledi.     The Consultant responded that since it is the Village Heads who really know the area it was  up to them to give the true picture.   The people wanted to know whether tractors will be used in the project.  It was explained  that access roads will be constructed for the purpose of construction and maintenance of  the line route.   The  gathering  also  asked  if  compensation  will  be  given  for  land  in  use  only  and  not  fallow  or  virgin land.   The  consultant  explained  that  compensation  will  be  given  for  private  land  whether  in  use,  fallow  or  virgin.  She  assured  them  that  World  Bank  Policy  also  includes  compensation  for  all  fruit and other trees whether exotic or indigenous.   There  was  a  comment  from  the  chief  that  past  experience  with  other  projects  had  shown  that  more  bad  had  come  out  than  good.    The  Consultant  replied  that  World  Bank  policy  ensures that people are well‐off after the project.   Compensation  problems  were  also  voiced  out  by  the  people  as  the  illiterate  villagers  were  usually  short‐changed,  duped  and  generally  treated  unfairly.   They  asked  for  civic  education  for the concerned people before compensation is paid out.     The  Consultant  replied  that  this  important  point  will  be  presented  to  the  project.    She  further  informed  the  meeting  that  a  stakeholder  committee  will  be  set  up  to  oversee  the  procedures and processes for compensation.    The  people  welcomed  the  suggestion  about  Bank  accounts  but  asked  the  project  representatives to guide the people and direct them to the best Bank.   The  people  were  concerned  about  graveyards  being  tampered  with  because  the  surveyors  who had visited them did not explain properly.   The  consultant  explained  that  where  possible,  the  project  will  not  tamper  with  any  graveyard  and  other  cultural  ritual  sites  and  will,  as  much  as  possible,  make  deviations  to  avoid them.   Another  villager  expressed  concern  that  the  wayleave  will  consume  55  metres  of  their  land  and  that  they  already  have  future  building  plans    for  their  children  and  yet  it  is  being  said  that  compensation  will  only  be  paid  to  those  whose  land  will  be  used  for  erection  of  towers  and  construction  of  access  and  maintenance  roads.   To  this  end,  they  were  wondering  what  they  would  do  since  the  line  is  passing  through  flat  land  targeted  for  future  development  (houses).     The Consultant took note of their concern and promised to present it to the project.    Political  interference  was  also  bemoaned.  Sometimes  politicians  try  to  politicize  development work and they feel helpless.    The  gathering  also  asked  for  the  project  to  hold  more  consultations  with  the  chiefs,  leaders  and the people regarding issues affecting them.   Finally,  the  meeting  asked  for  feed‐back  to  their  queries  and  concerns  before  the  project  commences.  Participants  separated  into  groups  to  document  their  concerns,  requests  and  recommendations.   The issues raised were as follows:  MEN  Concerns   Promises  not  usually  honoured.    While  we  receive  the  project  wholeheartedly,  please  honour our requests.  Requests   Please upgrade road from Chilimbila to Nsakambewa   Build us a primary school   We need boreholes   We require an Under‐5 clinic   Locals to be considered first for work  Final Word   We warmly welcome this project  Signed: Winston Guzani  WOMEN  Concerns   We welcome this development but please consider hiring more people from the area.  Requests   We would like an office block constructed for our meetings   A clinic   School blocks   Cooperative societies for business     CHIEFS  Concerns    Compensation to be in line with the value of the property   When development projects decline, they should be rehabilitated  Requests    A health centre   Day secondary school   Boreholes   Bridge over Mteka River  Signed: Michael Kanojerera  There being no further business to discuss, the meeting ended at 11:00am with a prayer.    APPENDIX 3-5 NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT FOR THE 3RD ROUND APPENDIX 3-6 BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENTS FOR THE 3RD ROUND MOZAMBIQUE - MALAWI POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Project Information Memo - July 2017 Project overview: 1. The governments of Mozambique and Malawi, with support from the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) and international donors, are considering the development of a 400 kV transmis sion line from the existing Matambo substation (Changara District, Tete Province, Mozam bique) to the future Phombeya substation (Balaka District, Southern Region, Malawi). This project is currently at the stage of the technical, environmental and social feasibility studies. 2. The project is part of an ongoing regional energy integration process, with the objective to: (i) establish a cooperative power pooling mechanism for Southern Africa; (ii) promote and enhance electricity trade with neighbouring countries; and (iii) improve the power security and reliability of supply on Malawi’s Network. 3. Specifically, the project is likely to require the following activities: Construction of a 400 kV power transmission line over 76 km, crossing the districts of Mwanza (TAs of Ntache and Malauli), Neno (TAs Symon and Kanduku) and Balaka (TA Chantunya); Construction of access and maintenance roads along the power line. 4. Project technical characteristics: Width of wayleave under the line: 100 m Tower spacing: 450 m Tower height: 44 to 53 m Tower base: 20 x 20 m 5. Studies underway will determine the best route option for the transmission line based on technical, environmental and social considerations. 6. The international consultancy firm WSP has been engaged by Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM) and Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi (ESCOM) to undertake an Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Study and prepare a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for this project. WSP is assisted by WWEC (a consultancy firm from Malawi) in this assignment. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process: 1. Conducting an ESIA for high voltage transmission lines is a legal requirement under Malawi’s environmental regulations. The ESIA and RPF development process for this project is thus aligned with national procedures, applicable laws and regulations. It also follows guidelines of funding agencies, such as the World Bank, in order to integrate the best environmental and social practices. 2. The ESIA aims to document the positive and negative e ects that the Project might have on the natural environment and communities. It also identifies and plans the required measures to mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts and to maximize positive impacts. The ESIA also puts forward an environmental and social monitoring program to accompany the implementation of the Project. MOZAMBIQUE - MALAWI POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT 3. The RPF provides a preliminary assessment of the households and collective assets that are likely to be displaced by the project. Displacement can be either physical (loss of shelter) or economical (loss of access to land-based resources a ecting livelihoods). The RPF specifies the procedures and actions that will be taken to mitigate adverse e ects on those households and communities, compensate their losses and provide resettlement assistance to ensure the restoration of their livelihoods. 4. Community surveys and consultative meetings were conducted in April 2017 at di erent points through the studies, allowing for inputs from local authorities, a ected communities and other stakeholders. This included: Meetings with village leaders in each village a ected by the line route; Survey of project-a ected households (a sample only was surveyed); Public assemblies in selected villages (one in each TA, to explain the project and receive comments and concerns from community members). Benefits and impacts generally associated with power transmission line projects Potential benefits associated with the Project include: The consolidation of the national electricity grid, increasing its reliability and security; Encouraging national and regional development through a more reliable access to electricity; and Creating new opportunities for non-specialized jobs and for rural and urban electrification. Negative impacts associated with transmission lines include: Wayleave clearance may bring about moderate damage to vegetation and wildlife habitat; Transmission lines will moderately open up forested lands and provide easy access to illegal loggers or poachers; Moderate restrictions will apply on land use and agricultural activities under the line (within wayleave); Transmission lines will have a moderate e ects on migratory birds and bats; Construction works will moderately disturb seasonal crops, and the presence of workers from outside will generate moderate social disturbances, health risks and gender issues in communities; For safety reasons, transmission lines require people to resettle outside the wayleave with appro priate resettlement assistance. MOZAMBIQUE - MALAWI POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT KAFUKUFUKU WA ZOTSATIRA ZA PULOJEKITI YOKOKA MPHAMVU YA MAGETSI KUCHOKA KU MOZAMBIQUE KUFIKA KU MALAWI PA CHILENGEDWE NDI CHIKHALIDWE CHA ANTHU. Kalata Yodziwitsa za Pulojekiti – July, 2017 Ndondomeko ya Pulojekitiyi mwachidule: 1. Maboma a Mozambique ndi Malawi, kudzera mu chithandizo chochokera ku Southern African Power Pool (SAPP), pamodzi ndi maiko otithandiza akunja akusinkha-sinkha zokoka mphamvu ya magetsi yokulirapo (400 kV) kuchokera ku Matambo (Boma la Changara lomwe liri mu chigawo cha Tete ku Mozambique) kufika ku Phombeya (m’boma la Balaka). Pakadali pano, Pulojekitiyi iri pa kafukufuku owona za luso logwilira ntchitoyi, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha malo okhudzidwa ndi Pulojekitiyi. 2. Pulojekitiyi ndi mbali imodzi ya ntchito ya m’gwirizano wolumikiza mphamvu za magetsi mzigawo za maiko akumwera kwa Africa ndi zolinga izi: (i) kukhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi kudalirana pa mphamvu ya magetsi mmaikowa; (ii) kupititsa patsogolo malonda a magetsi ndi maiko oyandikana; (iii) kulimbikitsa kudalirika kwa mphamvu ya magetsi ku Malawi. 3. Mwachindunji, pulojekitiyi idzayenera kuyenda motere kuno ku Malawi: Kumanga nthambo za magetsi a mphamvu yochuluka (400 Kv) pa mtunda wopitilira makilomita 76 kudutsa maboma a Mwanza (TA Nthache ndi TA Mlauli) ndi Balaka (TA Chanthunya). Kumanga misewu yodutsira pokonza ndi kusamalira nthambo za magetsizi. 4. Luso la pulojekiti lidzakhala motere: Mulifupi mwa njira odutsa nthambo: 55 m Kutalikirana kwa misanja: 450 m Kutalika kwa nsanja: 44 to 53 m Mzika wa nsanja: 20m x 20 m 5. Kafukufuku amene akuchitika ndi amene adzatilondolere zoyenera kuchita pa ntchito yokoka magetsiyi, polingalira mofatsira za katetezedwe ka chilengedwe, umoyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. 6. Kampani ya WSP ya ku Canada mogwirizana ndi WWEC aku Malawi kuno atumidwa ndi Eletricidade de Mocambique (EDM) ndi Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi (ESCOM) kuti awunike momwe ntchito yokoka magetsiyi ingakhudzire Chilengedwe Umoyo ndi Chikhalidwe cha Anthu (ESIA) ndinso kukonza ma pulani a msamuko ndi chipepeso kwa iwo amene adzakhudzidwe. Ndondomeko wa Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi Chilengedwe ndi Chikhalidwe cha Anthu: 1. Ntchito yofufuza za mmene Pulojekiti yokoka magetsi a mphamvu ochuluka ingakhudzile za Chilengedwe, Umoyo ndi Chikhalidwe cha anthu (ESIA) ndi ndondomeko ya malamulo a dziko la Malawi kudzera mu lamulo la mayendetsedwe a zachilengedwe. Ntchito ya Kafukufukuyi (ESIA) pamodzi ndi malamulo a Msamutso ndi Chipepeso kwa okhudzidwa ndi ntchitoyi (RPF) ndi yobvomerezeka ndi malamulo a dziko komanso ndi ndondomeko za dziko la Malawi. Ntchitoyi ikutsatiranso ndondomeko za maiko amane akuthandiza dziko la Malawi ndi ndalama pa Pulojekitiyi – The World Bank – ndi cholinga choonetsetsa kuti upangili weni weni woteteza za chilengedwe, umoyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ukwanilitsidwa. 2. Cholinga cha kufufukuyu ndi kusinkhasinkha, kulemba ndi kufotokoza zabwino ndi zoipa zimene Pulojekitiyi ingabweretse pa Chilengwedwe ndi Chikhalidwe cha anthu mmidzi yawo. Kafukufukuyunso akufuna kupeza njira zochepetsera kapenanso kupepesera anthu amene akhudzidwe kwambiri ndi Pulojekutiyi. Komanso cholinga cha kafukufuyu ndikuonetsetsa kuti anthu apindule ndi zotsatira zake za Pulojekitiyi mosawononga chilengedwe ndi ma ufulu a anthu okhudzidwa. Kafukufukuyunso (ESIA) wakhadzikitsa njira younikira mmene chilengedwe, umoyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu chidzatetezedwere pamene Pulojekitiyi ikumangidwa ndi kuyendeketsedwa. MOZAMBIQUE - MALAWI POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT 3. Ndondomeko ya msamutso ndi chipepesoyi (RPF) ikupereka chinthunzithunzi cha mmene anthu ndi mabanja awo angadzakhudzidwire komanso mmene, chuma ndi katundu wawo zingadzakhudzidwe ndi kusokonedzedwa kapena kuchotsedwa ndi Pulojekitiyi. Ndondomeko ya msamutso ndi chipepeso ikupereka tsatanetsatane wa zofuna kuchita ndi cholinga chopewa, kuchepetsa komanso kuchotsa zobvuta zomwe zingafikire anthu, mabanja ndi chuma chawo. Ndondomekoyi ikuwunikiranso mmene chipepeso ndi thandizo zingaperekedwere kwa anthu okhudzidwa ndi cholinga chowonetsetsa kuti anthu asabvutike koma apitirize kukhala mmene amakhalia kapena kuposa apo. 4. Kafukufuku wa mmidzi ndi mikumano yowunikirana ndi kupatsana nzeru zinachitika mu April 2017 mu nthawi zosiyanasiyana pa nthawi ya kufukufukuyi ndi cholinga chokumva maganizo a mafumu, anthu okhudzidwa ndinso magulu, mabungwe ndi anthu ena onse amene akukhudzidwa ndi ntchito imeneyi. Ndondomeko wake unali wotere: Nkumano ndi mafumu ndi atsogoleri a mmidzi yokhudzidwa ndi ntchito yomanga nthambo za magetsiyi. Kafukufuku wa nyumba zokhudzidwa ndi ntchitoyi. (Tinangotenga sampulo ya nyumbazi osati zonse). Misonkhano mmidzi yowafotokozera anthu za ntchitoyi ndinso kumva maganizo kapena nkhawa za anthu. (Tinapanga msonkhano umodzi mwa TA aliyense). Phindu limene limakhudzana ndi kubwera kwa pulojekiti ngati izi: Pulojekititiyi ilimbikitsa mphamvu ya magetsi mu dziko lino ndi kuwonjezeranso kudalirika ndi chitetezo. Pulojekitiyi ilimbikitsa chitukuko cha mu dziko lino ndi maiko oyandikana nawo kudzera mu magetsi odalirika. Pulojekitiyi ipereka mwai ntchito zosafuna ukadaulo ndi luso komanso mwai woonjezera magetsi kumudzi ndi mmizinda ya dziko lino. Zovuta zimene zimabwera chifukwa cha Pulojekiti za nthambo za magetsi ngati iyi: Kulambula kudzaononga pang’ono zomera ndi nyama zamtchire. Ntchito za chitukuko cha magetsi zidzatsegula pang’ono nkhalango mmene munali mobvuta mafikidwe ndipo anthu akhoza kuyamba kulowa malo otetezedwa ndikumadula mitengo kapena kupha nyama m’njira yakuba. Chiletso chidzabwera kwa anthu pa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo ndinso pa ntchito za ulimi kapena milimo. Mawaya a magetsi adzatha kukhudza mbalame zochokera kutali komanso ndege zazingono zouluka munsi zikhoza kukodwa. Ntchito yomanga ikayamba idzasokoneza mbeu mmunda ndi kukhudza anthu a mmadera ozungulira. Anthu ena obwera kudzagwira ntchito adzabweretsa makhalidwe awo oyipa amene adzakhudze ndi kusautsa pabg’ono eni dera mwachitsanzo chiwerewere. Anthu amene ali pafupi ndi malo odutsa mawaya a magetsi adzasamutsidwa chifukwa choopa ngozi zochokera ku mphamvu yamagetsi. Kusamuka kumeneku kudzatsatira dongosolo ndi ndondomeko yoyenelera. APPENDIX 3-7 MINUTES AND SIGNATURES FROM THE 3RD CONSULTATION ROUND THIRD ROUND OF CONSULTATIONS FOR MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWI INTERCONNECTION PROJECT MEETING MINUTES FOR STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AT MPC CONFERENCE CENTRE August 9, 2017 A. AGENDA 1. To present the findings from Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report 2. To document remaining concerns and recommendations B. MEMBERS PRESENT The members present are as provided in the register of people consulted below. Apologies: Mrs Chauluka – Deputy Director, Southern Regional, Forestry C. OPENING REMARKS The meeting was called to order at 10:25 hrs. Mrs. Mposa welcomed everyone present and then called for self-introductions. She explained the agenda of the meeting and asked everyone to openly and freely participate in the discussions. She stressed that the objective of the meeting was to present the final line route and key findings from the ESIA Report as well as gather more information and recommendation for the ESIA. D. AGENDA ITEMS 1. Presentation of the findings from draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report Mrs. Mposa presented the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment findings using Microsoft Office Power Point. Key points from the presentation included the following  The project will construct a power transmission line from Mozambique, Matambo Substation to Malawi, Phombeya Substation.  When completed, the project will strengthen the power sector through transmission of electricity into Malawi.  The project will be implemented in line with the Laws and Regulations of the Republic of Malawi and World Bank Operational Policies. Hence, applicable Legislations and Policies were reviewed e.g. the Land Act of 2016 and Guidelines for ESIA of 1996  The transmission line has been optimised in order to minimise project impacts e.g. it has as much as possible, avoided graveyards, Thambani Forest Reserve and Nankudwe and Michiru Estates. (Maps in the presentation were used for illustration of the changes in the line corridor).  Round 1 consultations were carried out in November 2016; Round 2 consultations were carried in April 2017. The consultations captured a number of issues and concerns, which the ESIA has addressed to ensure that the project is implemented in the best way possible.  It was established during the Round 2 consultations that the communities in the project area have high expectations in terms of receiving a lot of money as compensation for affected property because of the money received from the construction of the railway line corridor.  The ESIA has identified a number of project impacts and has put in place mechanisms for mitigating the impacts. The mechanisms include an Environmental and Social Management Plan, a Revegetation Plan, a Waste Management Plan, a Communication Plan, an Emergency Response Plan, an Education and Environmental Awareness Plan, and a Cultural and Archaeological Heritage Management Plan. 2. Documentation of Concerns and Recommendations After the presentation of the findings, time was provided for comments, questions and answers in order to document concerns and recommendations: i. Mr Mkwezalamba sought clarification on the on the length of the transmission line within Malawi. Mrs. Mposa answered that the total estimated line length is 218 km of which 76 km is in Malawi. Mr Kwezalamba wanted to know if the temporary access road, proposed to be constructed by the project, will cover the entire length of the transmission line (running parallel to the transmission line). He added that, the road would be a major source of dust pollution during construction and operation phase of the project, more especially if the public will be allowed to use the road during the operation phase. He suggested that a permanent road should be constructed as they allow for less or no dust generation. Mrs. Malulu answered that constructing a permanent road would hike project costs. The transmission line will be constructed in limited areas as in many sites, it will run parallel to other ESCOM power lines which are already accessible by the M1 road or other roads. ii. Mercy Phiri wanted clarification if the transmission line is passing through any known tourism or cultural site e.g. graveyard. Mrs. Mposa answered that the transmission line has been optimised in such a way that it is not passing through graveyards, cultural or tourism sites. iii. Elizabeth Tizola noted that the project would use considerable land; will the affected persons be compensated like the Vale Project? Mrs Malulu answered that at this stage; only the Resettlement Policy Framework has been prepared. A Resettlement Action Plan will be prepared and it will determine the compensations. Certainly all project affected persons will be compensated. Elizabeth Tizola stressed the need for civic education to ensure that the affected persons use and manage the compensation money appropriately. iv. Mr Mkwezalamba recommended the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Management Plan to include the issue of borrow pits. He noted that while appropriate measures are included in ESIAs for managing these pits, construction works contractors often leave gaping holes after finishing their work. He stressed that there should be measures for ensuring that this does not happen as they can be a death traps and breeding grounds for mosquitoes. He cited an incident in Phalombe whereby a man after quarrelling with his wife jumped into a borrow pit filled with rainwater and drowned as an example of effects of burrow pits. v. Mr Mkwezalamba wondered if there is a rating for corporate social responsibility activities to be implemented by the project considering that the communities requested for many projects during the round 1 and 2 consultations. Mrs Malulu answered that this has not yet been done. However, it will be done through consultations with the communities when the money is available. E. CLOSING REMARKS Mrs Mposa thanked everyone for attending and contributing to the meeting. She indicated that all the issues and concerns have been noted and appropriate action will be taken. The meeting was closed with a prayer by Elizabeth Tizola at 11.50 am. RIGISTER OF PEOPLE CONSULTED THIRD ROUND OF CONSULTATIONS FOR MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWI INTERCONNECTION PROJECT MEETING MINUTES FOR PUBLIC ASSEMBLY AT STA PHALULA’S COURT August 10, 2017 A. AGENDA 1. To present the findings from draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report 2. To document remaining concerns and recommendations B. MEMBERS PRESENT Members present are as provided in the register of people consulted below. C. OPENING REMARKS The meeting was called to order at 10:55 hrs. by the Ward Councillor. Group Village Headman (GHV) Phalula faulted the community for being late for the meeting, publicised to start at 8:00 hrs. STA Phalula welcomed the Consultants and thanked them for calling the meeting and asked the community members to participate to the meeting appropriately. STA Phalula asked the Consultants to make a presentation. D. AGENDA ITEMS 1. Presentation of the findings from Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Selina Mposa presented the findings of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection Project to the gathering. Key points from the presentation included the following:  This was a second meeting at STA Phalula’s court and it was aimed at: (i) Providing a final route of the line; (ii) Presenting identified project impacts and explaining measures that have been put in place to mitigate the impacts; (iii) Explaining how issues and concerns identified during the first meeting have been addressed in the report; and (iv) Providing an opportunity to record new issues and concerns in regards to the project.  The project will construct a 400 kV power transmission line from Mozambique, Matambo Substation to Malawi, Phombeya Substation. The proposed transmission line has been optimised to avoid passing through sensitive areas such as burial grounds, the forest reserve, estates and other community structures.  When completed, the project will strengthen the power sector through transmission of electricity into Malawi. The project is not about distribution of electricity; rather it is about strengthening electricity power but this will eventually lead to distribution.  The project will be implemented in line with the Laws of the Republic of Malawi and World Bank Operational Policies. Hence, applicable Legislations and Policies were reviewed e.g. the Land Act of 2016 and Guidelines for ESIA of 1996.  Round 1 consultations were carried out in November 2016, Round 2 consultations were carried in April 2017. The meeting at STA Phalula’s Court, during round 2 consultations, captured the following: (i) The community asked for employment opportunities as well as equal treatment for men and women at work sites; (ii) The project should put in place measures to ensure that women are not asked for sexual favours in return for employment; (iii) The project should provide electricity, drill boreholes and build schools as part of corporate social responsibility; (iv) The project should put in place measures for mitigating increased sexual malpractices, and sexual harassment at the work place; and (v) Compensations for affected property should be paid before commencement of construction activities.  The ESIA has put in place measures for addressing the concerns. These include an Environmental and Social Management Plan, a Communication Plan, an Emergency Response Plan, an Education and Environmental Awareness Plan.  Identified project impacts would be moderate to minor. Measures put in place to mitigate the impacts are included in the Environmental and Social Management Plan. The ESIA has also prepared a Revegetation Plan, a Waste Management Plan, and a Cultural and Archaeological Heritage Management Plan. 2. Documentation of Concerns and Recommendations The following comments and questions were presented: i. Question 1: When will construction work begin? Mrs Mposa answered that the exact date is not known as there are still more studies to be conducted. However, construction activities may start in 2 years time and compensation may take place toward the end of 2018. ii. Question 2: Where will the transmission line end? Mrs Mposa answered that the transmission line will be constructed up to Phombeya. iii. Comment: The whole Phalula area must be considered for implementation of development activities under corporate social responsibility and not just Phombeya. Provision of water is a high priority area; there is need for construction of boreholes. Mrs Mposa responded that activities under Corporate Social Responsibility will be implemented depending on availability of funds and through community consultations. iv. Comment: Compensations should be paid through the banks and should be timely. As noted through the implementation of other projects, when compensations are paid through the Balaka District Council and in cash, the communities experience problems of high transportation cost. Travelling to the Council from Phalula costs about MK 2,000 per trip, which is a lot of money, and usually when they arrive at the district council, they are asked to come back another day, which increases transportation costs. Mrs Malulu responded to the comment by indicating that more consultations will be conducted during the preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan. During this time, a proper way for paying compensations will be discussed further and agreed upon. Paying through the bank will certainly be one of the methods for paying compensations. E. CLOSING REMARKS STA Phalula and GVH Phalula thanked Mrs Mposa for the presentation and everyone for attending and contributing to the meeting. The local leaders stressed their displeasure that the meeting had to start late because the community members were late. The meeting was closed with a prayer offered by a community member at 11.45 am. REGISTER OF PEOPLE CONSULTED THIRD ROUND OF CONSULTATIONS FOR MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWI INTERCONNECTION PROJECT MEETING MINUTES FOR PUBLIC ASSEMBLY AT TA SYMON’S COURT August 10, 2017 A. AGENDA 1. To present the findings from draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report 2. To document remaining concerns and recommendations B. MEMBERS PRESENT Members present are as provided on the register of people consulted. C. OPENING REMARKS The Area Development Committee Chair called the meeting to order at 13.45 hrs. GVH Somisomi introduced the local leaders present while Mrs Mposa introduced the Consultants team and the representative from ESCOM. D. AGENDA ITEMS 1. Presentation of the findings from draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report Mrs. Mposa presented the findings of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection Project. Key points from the presentation included the following:  The project will construct a transmission line from Matambo in Mozambique to Phombeya in Balaka. The transmission line will is about 76 km in Malawi.  The project will be implemented in line with the Constitution of the Republic of Malawi and World Bank Operational Policies. Hence, applicable legislations and policies were reviewed e.g. the Land Act of 2016 and Guidelines for ESIA of 1996.  The proposed transmission line has been optimised to avoid passing through sensitive areas such as burial grounds, the forest reserve, estates and other community structures.  This was a second meeting at TA Symon’s area at Kammwamba. During the first meeting, among the activities performed, women and men were put into separate groups for discussions to document their concerns and recommendations. Key issues that transpired from the discussions included the following: (i) There is a need to provide protective clothing for workers (ii) Oftentimes, women are asked to sleep with supervisors in order to get employment at work site (iii) The project may bring an increase in HIV/AIDS to the area (iv) There is need for civic education on the use of compensation money  The ESIA has put in place measures for addressing the concerns. These include an Environmental and Social Management Plan, a Communication Plan, an Emergency Response Plan, an Education and Environmental Awareness Plan. The ESIA also include a Revegetation Plan, a Waste Management Plan, and a Cultural and Archaeological Heritage Management Plan.  When completed, the project will strengthen the power sector through transmission of electricity into Malawi. 2. Documentation of Concerns and Recommendations After the presentation of the findings, time was provided for comments and questions from the community members: i. Question 1: Where will the transmission line pass through? Have you already registered the affected persons? Mrs Mposa responded by indicating that the transmission line has been optimised such that some of the land that was initially considered affected during the initial studies may no longer be affected. Detailed surveys and valuations will be done during the preparation of the Resettlement Action Plan. ii. Question 2: How will the project mitigate the impacts on the environment e.g. cutting down of trees? The transmission line is long, which is likely to lead to a significant of loss of trees. Mrs Mposa responded that the optimisation has ensured that Forest Reserve is avoided. This includes Thambani Forest Reserve in Mwanza. Precious Chaponda added that technically it is not the whole line length which will be cleared of vegetation. Only the area for the installation of the towers is likely to be cleared. In addition, the ESIA includes a revegetation plan. iii. Question 3: Should the people continue cultivating on the land? Mrs Mposa responded that the community should continue cultivation as date for commencement of construction activities is not yet known. In addition, affected persons will be compensated for the crops if there will be any during the commencement of construction. Mrs Malulu added that there are several studies, which are to be completed before commencement of the project. These include a Resettlement Action Plan. iv. Question 4: Is there an implementation plan for Corporate Social Responsibility activities? Mrs Malulu responded that such plan will be made later with consultations of the communities. It should also be known that the activities would be implemented when funds are available. Mrs Mposa emphasized on the need to avoid politicizing Corporate Social Responsibility development activities. She cited an example in Mwanza whereby community members were arguing with politicians on where to implement development projects. As a result, the developer took the project to a different area. The Ward Councillor commented that development projects are implemented through the District Council; as such, while avoiding politicizing the project, they should be involved during the prioritization of projects. E. CLOSING REMARKS In his closing remarks, Senior Chief Symon stressed that there is need to disclose the compensation schedule before paying out compensations as this minimises conflicts. He also indicated that during RAP studies, the Chiefs should be available to ensure that only the real owners of the affected land are recorded. The people that transferred land to the others should not come back to claim it just because the transmission line is passing through the land. He also stressed the need for civic education on the use and management of compensation, citing that a lot of people in his area received a lot of money during the Vale Railway Project but they have nothing to show for it because they did not use the money well. The meeting was closed with a prayer at 15.18 hrs. REGISTER OF PEOPLE CONSULTED THIRD ROUND OF CONSULTATIONS FOR MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWI INTERCONNECTION PROJECT MEETING MINUTES FOR PUBLIC ASSEMBLY AT TA NTHACHE’S COURT August 11, 2017 A. AGENDA 1. To present the findings of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 2. To document remaining concerns and recommendations B. MEMBERS PRESENT Those who were present are as provided in the register of people consulted. C. OPENING REMARKS The TA’s right hand man (Mr. Bamusi) called the meeting to order at 14:10 hrs. After the visitors (WWEC and Forestry Department staff) and the community leaders present made introductions, TA Nthache gave opening remarks, expressing that the community met earlier on Wednesday, 9 August 2017. During the Wednesday meeting, the community discussed proper use of compensations as they had assumed that the Consultant was coming to pay out compensation money for project affected land and property. D. AGENDA ITEMS 1. Presentation of the findings from draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report Mrs. Mposa presented the findings of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection Project to the gathering. Key points from the presentation included the following:  The project will construct a power transmission line from Matambo in Mozambique to Phombeya in Balaka. The transmission line is about 76 km in Malawi and it is proposed to pass near Namkudwe Estate and Thambani Forest Reserve, which are in the area of TA Nthache.  The proposed transmission line has been optimised to avoid passing through sensitive areas such as burial grounds, the forest reserve, estates and other community structures.  The project will be implemented in line with the Constitution of the Republic of Malawi and World Bank Operational Policies. Hence, applicable legislations (e.g. the Land Act of 2016 and Guidelines for ESIA of 1996) and policies were reviewed during the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) studies.  Stakeholder consultations have been ongoing; this was a second meeting in the project area. The first meeting was conducted at a community ground for the area, which identified breakup of families, increase in prostitution, increase in theft and increase in gender-based violence in the homes as some of the anticipated impacts for the project.  The ESIA has put in place measures for addressing the concerns. These include an Environmental and Social Management Plan, a Communication Plan, an Emergency Response Plan, an Education and Environmental Awareness Plan. The ESIA has also prepared a Revegetation Plan, a Waste Management Plan, and a Cultural and Archaeological Heritage Management Plan.  When completed, the project will strengthen the power sector through the transmission of electricity for distribution in Malawi, thereby helping end some of the problems besetting the sector (e.g. blackouts). 2. Documentation of concerns and recommendations Under this agenda item, TA Nthache stood up first and presented the following concerns:  Enumerators who were used during the community and household survey were taking measurements of land in the proposed transmission line corridor in the absence of the landowners and a representative of the TA/Chief. This occurred even on the TA’s land and when they were called to see the TA, the enumerators refused to see him. This also occurred in the area of Chief Tsekelakufa, who it reported to the TA.  The TA reported these concerns to the District Commissioner (DC) who expressed lack of knowledge of any assessment for compensations being done in the area. If the DC was aware about it, he would have sent a representative.  Some land was not assessed as it was considered not of value or not belonging to anyone by the enumerators hence, no compensation required. The TA stressed that this is not true; hills and other land not assessed belongs to the TA. As a response to the TA, Mrs Mposa indicated that the concerns were noted and will be addressed accordingly. She indicated that during the community and household survey, the target was 80% of Project Affected Persons (PAPs). A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared and focussed on 100% of the PAPs. Mrs Kanjuchi a representative from the DC office expressed that it is indeed important to notify the DC when performing assessments for compensations otherwise when there are issues; it is difficult for the DC to help. In addition, assessments should be done properly and the results should be disclosed before issuing compensations. Mrs Kanjuchi also said that she was happy that the Consultant (Mrs Mposa) had mention project impacts such as breakup of families, increase in sexual activities and theft. These were a big challenge during the development of the Nacala-Malawi Railway Corridor Project. There was a lot of money in the community because of compensations and men were leaving their wives. Mrs Kanjuchi advised the community members to check on their behaviours during the implementation of the Mozambique-Malawi Project, such that lives are improved and not made worse. She also stressed that the Project should prioritise civic education and sensitizations. After Mrs Kanjuchi, Mrs Chauluka from the Southern Region Forestry Department stood up to comment on issues related to forestry. She said that it is not true that forests have no ownership, they are owned by the Government or the Community depending on the type of the forest. Tsambani Forest, which is in the area of TA Ntchache is a gazetted forest hence it is owned by the government. Trees and animals in the forest are therefore protected and anyone caught cutting down trees or making or selling charcoal from it will be dealt with in accordance to the laws of Malawi. Mrs Chauluka indicated that there is the tendency of cutting down trees after receiving compensations. This is not a good practice as not all trees compensated are cut down by the project; during implementation of the Project, the transmission line corridor may change. She also indicated that it becomes a problem to carry out verification exercise when PAPs come back later to complain that they were not compensated properly for trees. She emphasized that the Department of Forestry is responsible for revaluation of trees and if they were cut down, the affected person may be asked to repay the compensation money. Mrs Chauluka warned the community to avoid encroaching the forest when resettling after receiving compensations for their houses, saying that it is illegal and offenders will be prosecuted using the laws of Malawi as appropriate. After the speech from Mrs Chauluka, community members were given a chance to ask questions, comment on the presentation and to voice out their concerns and issues in relation to the project. The community members said the following:  The Project should use bank cheques and not cash for compensations.  The Project should assist PAPs to open bank accounts.  Opening of bank accounts should be done during receipt of the compensation money. During the implementation of the Nacala-Malawi Railway Corridor Project, on their request PAPs were receiving compensations amounting to millions of kwachas in cash. Unfortunately, some of the PAPs opted not to deposit the money at the bank, which resulted in one PAP, as an example, being robbed of 8 Million Malawi Kwacha in his home.  The Project should put in place measures to ensure that unscrupulous traders do not take advantage of the PAPs; several PAPs bought cars, which worked only for a few days, using compensation money from the Nacala-Malawi Railway Corridor Project. There is need for civic education on proper use of money.  The Project should use established banks in the area.  One community member raised a concern that it is sometimes difficult to access money from the banks, which may delay relocation. The Consultants responded that the RAP would recommend the use of established banks. In addition, it is normal practice to give ample time, at least 6 months, for relocation activities before commencement of construction.  One community member wanted to know whether they should cultivate the land. The response to the question was that they should not stop any farming activities on land, as the project is not starting immediately. It was indicated that it might be two years before construction activities begin. If there will be crops in the transmission line corridor, appropriate compensation will be paid.  The Project must ensure that the real PAPs are consulted during surveys. E. CLOSING REMARKS In her closing remarks, Mrs Kanjuchi thanked ESCOM and Forestry Department for their presence at the meeting. TA Nthache advised the community not to start getting loans thinking that they will repay after receiving compensations. He also asked the Consultant to take correct measurements of affected land, ensure that the owners of the land are available on the land during the surveys, and to pay compensations in good time, through the bank and honestly. Once compensations are received, the community must use the money appropriately and avoid taking new wives. The meeting was closed with a prayer at 15:41 hrs. REGISTER OF PEOPLE CONSULTED Appendix 4 DATABASES OF COMMUNITY AND HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS (SEE CD OF APPENDIX 2) Appendix 5 COMPENSATION RATES COMPENSATION RATES Market Values: The researcher relied on the information provided by previous owners and current occupants (tenants) of comparable properties, sellers, responsible agents, landlords and property estate agents registered with the surveyors’ institute of Malawi. Market value was verified in each of the three Districts crossed by the proposed transmission line and for houses of approximately 100 sq. meter within or near the project’s Area of Direct Influence (ADI). Replacement Cost: The researcher conducted a survey of all costs relevant to constructing a new 100 sq. meter residential dwelling, again in each of the three Districts and for the project’s ADI. Adopted herein are the highest possible costs in each district under study. Allowance for contingencies is also provided as per department of buildings standard of 20%. MWANZA REPLACE MARKET MARKET REPLACEM STRUCTURE TYPE MENT VALUE VALUE ENT COST (houses, gowelo, mphala, and secondary COST (100 m2) (per m2) (100 m2) houses) (per m2) TYPE 1 - Sundried brick, Mud mortar, Mud floor, Grass thatched 1,800,000 22,000 2,000,000 20,000 TYPE 2 - Sundried brick, Mud mortar, Mud floor, Corrugated iron sheets 2,500,000 25,000 2,100,000 21,000 TYPE 3 - Burnt brick, Mud mortar, Mud floor, Corrugated iron sheets 4,500,000 45,000 4,200,000 42,000 TYPE 4 - Burnt brick, Cement mortar, Cement floor, Corrugated iron sheets 6,300,000 63,000 4,700,000 47,000 TYPE 5 - Burnt brick, Cement mortar, Cement floor, Corrugated iron sheets, Plastered 6,700,000 67,000 4,900,000 49,000 TYPE 6 - Burnt brick, Cement mortar, Cement floor, Corrugated iron sheets, Plastered, Painted 7,000,000 70,000 5,600,000 56,000 NENO REPLACE MARKET MARKET REPLACEM STRUCTURE TYPE MENT VALUE VALUE ENT COST (houses, gowelo, mphala, and secondary COST (100 m2) (per m2) (100 m2) houses) (per m2) TYPE 1 - Sundried brick, Mud mortar, Mud floor, Grass thatched 1,800,000 24,000 2,200,000 22,000 TYPE 2 - Sundried brick, Mud mortar, Mud floor, Corrugated iron sheets 2,500,000 25,000 2,300,000 23,000 TYPE 3 - Burnt brick, Mud mortar, Mud floor, Corrugated iron sheets 4,500,000 45,000 4,400,000 44,000 TYPE 4 - Burnt brick, Cement mortar, Cement floor, Corrugated iron sheets 6,500,000 65,000 5,000,000 50,000 TYPE 5 - Burnt brick, Cement mortar, Cement floor, Corrugated iron sheets, Plastered 7,200,000 72,000 5,100,000 51,000 TYPE 6 - Burnt brick, Cement mortar, Cement floor, Corrugated iron sheets, Plastered, Painted 7,600,000 76,000 5,800,000 58,000 BALAKA REPLACE MARKET MARKET REPLACEM STRUCTURE TYPE MENT VALUE VALUE ENT COST (houses, gowelo, mphala, and secondary COST (100 m2) (per m2) (100 m2) houses) (per m2) TYPE 1 - Sundried brick, Mud mortar, Mud floor, Grass thatched 1,800,000 22,000 2,000,000 20,000 TYPE 2 - Sundried brick, Mud mortar, Mud floor, Corrugated iron sheets 2,500,000 25,000 2,100,000 21,000 TYPE 3 - Burnt brick, Mud mortar, Mud floor, Corrugated iron sheets 4,500,000 45,000 4,400,000 44,000 TYPE 4 - Burnt brick, Cement mortar, Cement floor, Corrugated iron sheets 6,700,000 67,000 4,800,000 48,000 TYPE 5 - Burnt brick, Cement mortar, Cement floor, Corrugated iron sheets, Plastered 7,300,000 73,000 5,000,000 50,000 TYPE 6 - Burnt brick, Cement mortar, Cement floor, Corrugated iron sheets, Plastered, Painted 8,000,000 80,000 5,700,000 57,000 Structures Compensation amount Units Secondary structures Secondary structures possessed by households Traditional latrine 15 000* MWK per m2 Kitchen 6 500 MWK per m2 External bathroom 45 000 MWK per structure Conventional bathroom 45 000 MWK per structure Cattle corral 3 000 MWK per m2 Hennery 3 000 MWK per m2 Goat corral 3 000 MWK per m2 Pigeonry 3 000 MWK per m2 Secondary structures added to households Latrine 45 000 MWK per structure Oven 2 000 MWK per structure Note : *A minimum cost of 45 0000 MWK is given to the traditional latrine. Annual crops Yeld Price Scientific name Local name (kg/m2) (MWK/kg) Phaseolus vulgaris Beans 0,8* 360* Vigna unguiculata Black eyed peas 0,25 500 Brassica oleracea var. capitata Cabbage 3* 214* Manihot esculenta Cassava 3 211 Gossypium arboreum Cotton 0,25 375 Vigna unguiculata Cowpeas 0,25 650 Nzama - Cowpeas 0,25 650 Arachis hypogaea Groundnuts 0,8 360 Peanut 0,8 360 Zea mays Maize 0,4 250 Pennisetum glaucum Millet 0,8 360 Abelmoschus esculentus Okra 0,8* 360* Cajanus cajan Pigeon peas 0,8* 360* Curcubita maximum Pumpkin 0,8* 360* Agave sisalana Sisal 0,8* 360* Sorghum bicolor Sorghum 0,12 424 Saccharum officinarum Sugarcanes 0,8* 360* Ipomoea batatas Sweet potato 3 214 Solanum lycopersicum Tomato 3* 214* - Vegetables 3* 214* Notes: The "Sweet potatoes" cost (30 000 kg/m2 à 214 MWK/kg) has been given to the vegetables – for which no compensation rates were available. The highest crop price (8000 kg/m2 - 360 MWK/kg (Groundnuts and Millet, excluding vegetables)) was allocated to other crops for which compensation rates were not available. Source: Rates used are based on market survey by WWEC. Trees Compensation amount Scientific name Local name (MWK per mature tree) Eucalyptus Bluegum tree 10 000 Musa paradisiaca Banana tree 20 294 Mangifera indica Mango tree 11 923 Citrus reticulata Tangerine tree 11 716 Ziziphus mauritiana Masau 8 000 Gmelina arborea Malaina tree 10 000 Acacia polyacantha Acacia tree 8 000 Psidium guajava Guava tree 23 517 Bambusa vulgaris Bamboo 50 Annona senegalensis Mponza 8 000 Azadrachta indica Neem tree 8 000 Uapaca kirkiana Masuku 20 294 Adansonia digitata Malambe 8 000 Melia azedarach India 8 000 Manihot esculenta Cassava tree 8 000 Citrus aurantium Orange tree 11 716 Citrus limon Lemon tree 11 716 Carica papaya Papaya tree 25 709 Cacia abreviata Cacia tree 8 000 Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda tree 8 000 Bassia scoparia Caviar tree 8 000 Persea americana Avocado tree 16 656 Toona ciliata Cinderella 8 000 Senna petersiana Kesha tree 8 000 Azanza garckeana Matowo 8 000 Natural tree (not specified) Natural tree (not specified) 8 000 Albizia harveyi Ntchenje 8 000 Flacourtia indica Nthudza 8 000 Tamarindus indica Bwemba 8 000 Acanthus montanus Nsangu 8 000 Saraca asoca Kosher 8 000 Sclerocarya birrea Mfula 8 000 Morus alba Mable 8 000 Moringa oleifera Moringa tree 8 000 Areca catechu Palm tree 3 000 Source: 2010 Forestry Gazette. Compensation amount Community structures / assets (MWK) Community structures Church 900 000 Community structures Cemetery 5 000 000 Borehole 4 500 000 Source: Values established by WWEC Valuation Expert. Compensation amount Land (MWK per m2) Land in Malawi 200 Source: Values established by WWEC Valuation Expert.