Page 1 1818 H Street, NW , , 20433 18 , 2010 Pandion Systems, Inc. 102 NE 10th Avenue , FL 32601 011.352.372.4747 www.pandionsystems.com SR-33 Page 2 Page 3 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 1 1818 H Street, NW , , 20433 : James R. Newman, Stephen A. Nesbitt, Pandion Systems, Inc. 102 NE 10 th Avenue , FL 32601 011-352-372-4747 www.pandionsystems.com : . . , 700095 18 , 2010 Page 4 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 2 : ...............................................................................................................................3 ..................................................................................................................4   1 .............................................................................................................................................5   2 - ........................................................7   2.1   - ...................................................................................7   2.2   ......................................................................................................7   2.3   .........................................................................................17   2.3.1   , ......................................................17   2.3.2   .....................................................................................18   2.3.3   ..................................................................................................................18   2.3.4   .....................................................................................19   2.3.5   ................................................................................19   2.4   .......................................... 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( ) ( ) . / . : · , - “ ” . · 218 . · ( , , , ) , ( ) . . · , , , - , , , - , , , , - , . · ( ) . , , ( , ( ) ) . · ( ) . - Page 6 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 4 - , - , , . ( , , . .) . · “ ” . · , . · - - ( , ; ) 1 , . · , – , . . Pandion Systems . , , , – 1, 850 ( ) 500 , 6200 220 15300 110 – - , . “ ” - ( ) : : – - ( ) . , “ ” , 1 ; , ( ) . Page 7 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 5 , ( ) 500 . ( ) . - ( ) (NBT 2010) , 500 . – ( ) . ( ) , , , , , , , , , (UNEP / CMS 2009). ( ) ( ) . ( ) / . . ( ) . - ( ) , , - ( ) . ( ) (131 ) (87 ) ( ) (218 ) 500 . ( ) . - ( ) . ( ) 1 - . Page 8 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 6 1- . - ( ) – 500 – 500 1. - 2.1 434 (85% ) , , 10% - 15% . 2 2.2 ( ) , ( ) 320 . 25 2 . . , , ( ) : ( ) - , 2010 . 500 Page 9 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 7 ( ) . / ( ) . , 1 - . ( ) , 27 . 1 - ( ) , - ( . . , 2010) 3 . 1- . , , ( ) : / * ( , ) ( ) (Aegypius monachus) 1) 14,000 –20,000 2) 7,200–10,000 / 1,700–1,900 5,500– 8,000 1) ( , , ), , 2) ( ) 1) B. U. Meyburg. 1994. . 2- . 128- J. del Hoyo, Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-25-2010) - (Falco cherrug) 1) 35,000 - 40,000 (1994) 2) 19,200– 34,000 ; (2,000–5,000 ) . 1) 2) ( ) 1) A. C. Kemp. 1994. . 2- . 273–274- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . 3 . Page 10 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 8 ( ) : / * ( , ) 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-25-2010) (Anser erythropus) 1) 100,000 (1980- ), 20 . 2) 20,000 – 25,000 1) 2) . , , , ( ) . 1) C. Carboneras. 1992. . 1- . 582- J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) (Aquila heliaca) 1) 2,000 (1994) 2) 5,200– 16,800 ; ( 900-1000 ) (750-800 ) . 1) , , , , . 2) . 1) B. U. Meyburg. 1994. . 2- . 194- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-25-2010) (Haliaeetus leucoryphus) 1) 2,500– 9,999 1) . 2) . 1) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) 2) A. C. Kemp. 1994. . 2- . 122- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . 1) 1926–2710 (1991) 20 1) 1) F. Jutglar. 1992. Page 11 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 9 ( ) : / * ( , ) (Pelecanus crispus) . 2) 10,000 – 13,900 ; (2,700–3,500 ) , . , , . 2) ( ), ( ). . 1- . 310- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) - (Aythya nyroca) 1) 57,000–70,000 (1980– 1991) 2) 160,000–257,000 . 1) . 2) - , . 1) A Jutglar. 1992. . 1- . 617- J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) - (Chlamydotis undulate) 1) 40,000– 60,000 , , . 2) 49,000– 62,000 ; 1990- C. u.macqueenii 39,000– 52,000 1) ( ) ( ), ( ). 2) 1) N. J. Collar. 1996. . 3- . 264-265- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . . Page 12 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 10 ( ) : / * ( , ) , 75% 15% . ( ) ( ) 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) - (Anthropoides virgo) 1) 200,000 –240,000 . 2) 230,000–280,000 . 1) ( ), ( ) 1) Archibald, G. W. C. W. Meine. 1996. . 3- . 83-84- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) ( ) (Grus grus) 1) 9,000– 11,000 . 2) 360,000–370,000 . 1) ( ) 2) ( ) ( ), , ( , ), - ( – ). 1) Archibald, G. W. C. W. Meine. 1996. . 3- . 88- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) ( ) 1) 150,000 (1980 - 1) 1) A. Elliott. 1992. Page 13 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 11 ( ) : / * ( , ) (Ciconia ciconia) ) 2) 500,000 - 520,000 ( ), / . . ( ) . 2) , . ( ) ( ; ) . . 1- . 460-461- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (10-12-10) (Pandion haliaetus) 1) 500,000 . - . http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-25-2010) Page 14 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 12 ( ) : / * ( , ) (Aquila nipalensis) 1) 40,000 –60,000 . 2) 10,000 . 1) " ". 2) “ ” . , “ ” . 1) B. U. Meyburg. 1994. . 2- . 194- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) (Aquila chrysaetus) 1) 4,500–5,000 (1980- ), 70,000 (1980- ) 2) 170,000 . 1) . " , [ ] " 1) J. Orta. 1994. . 2- . 197- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10 (Haliaeetus albicilla ) 1) 9,000–11,000 (2008 ) 2) 20,000– 39,600 ; 2004 5,000–6,600 . 1) : , , . 1) J. Orta. 1994. . 2- . 122- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ Page 15 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 13 ( ) : / * ( , ) index.html (9-26-10) - (Falco columbarius) 1) “. . . 1980- 10,000 . ” 2) 1,300,000 . 1) ( ) – . 1) A. C. Kemp. 1994. . 2- . 167- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) , (Falco tinnunculus) 1), 1,000,000–2,000,000 . 2) 5,000,000 . 1) . 1950 1960- ( ) , . 1) R. O. Bierregaard. 1994. . 2- . 259- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions, . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) (Accipiter nisus) 1) 1,500,000 . 2) 1950 1960 - ( ) , . 1) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) 2) J. Orta. 1994. . 2- . 158- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . (Circus pygargus) 1) 7,000 . 2) 100,000 . 1) (1990) 1) A. C. Kemp. 1994. . 2- . 140–141- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Page 16 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 14 ( ) : / * ( , ) ( ) . Lynx Edicions , . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) (Circus macrourus) 1) 1990- 20,000 . 2) 18,000 – 30,000 ; 1970–1990 , 30% ( , ), . , . 1) 2) ( ) , , ). 1) A. C. Kemp. 1994. . 2- . 140- . J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal Lynx Edicions , . 2) http://www.birdlife.org/ index.html (9-26-10) ( Circus aeruginosus ) 1. 93000-140000 , 279000-420000 (BirdLife International 2004). 2. 25-49% , 500000- 2000000 , . . http://www.iucnredlist. org/apps/redlist/details/ 144370/0/print , ( Neophron percnopterus ) - , : 2,600-3,100 , <2000 1. . http://www.iucnredlist. org/apps/redlist/details/ 144347/0 Page 17 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 15 ( ) : / * ( , ) , , 1000 , , <7500 – 30,000-40,000 . , , ( ) . 2. , ( ) . ( Gyps fulvus ) , 100.000 . , , . ( , ) . http://www.iucnredlist. org/apps/redlist/details/ 144353/0 http://www.europeanra ptors.org/raptors/eurasi an_griffon_vulture.html http://www.birdlife.org/ datazone/speciesfactshe et.php?id=3378 Page 18 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 16 ( ) : / * ( , ) - ( Aquilla pennata ) 10,000 - 100,000 . , , , . http://www.birdlife.org/ datazone/speciesfactshe et.php?id=3543 http://eagleconservation alliance.org/discussions / (Aquilla heliacal ) 5,200 - 16,800 . ( ), ( ), , , , , , , , , . http://eagleconservation alliance.org/discussions / ( Circaetus gallicus ) 51,000 - 156,000 . . http://www.birdlife.org/ datazone/speciesfactshe et.php?id=32257 http://www.ornisfennic a.org/pdf/vol86- 3/2Bakaloudis.pdf ( ) ( Buteo rufinus ) 100,000 . 1. 2. http://www.birdlife.org/ datazone/speciesfactshe et.php?id=32592 http://www.europeanra ptors.org/raptors/long_l egged_buzzard.html Page 19 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 17 ( ) : / * ( , ) . . * ( ) ; ( ) ( ); ( ) 2.3 2.3.1. , - - : · “ ” (1992) — , . ; · “ ” (1997) — , , ( / ) , , ( ) . - : · 1998 1 139 - “ - - ” . - , : Page 20 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 18 · - (1995 ); · (1997 ); · (1998 ); · , - – ( 2001 ); · - ( 2003 ); · – - ( ) (1994 .); · - ( ) (1996 .). 2.3.2. - ( ) ( ) . ( ) IV . : , , – . – . ( ) ( ) , . ( ) . 2.3.3. (1987, 2003, 2006 ). . . ( ) 2010 . : 0 = “ ” (EX) or “ ” (REW); 1 = “ ” (CR) or “ ” (EN); 2 = “ ” (VU:R, 4 VU:D 5 ); 3 = “ - 4 R = ( ) 5 D = ( ) Page 21 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 19 ” (NT). (2006 ) 48 , 23 ( ) - . (2 - : , , , , , , , Chinor Enk , 2006) , , , , , , , , , - . 2.3.4. ( ) . ( Grus leucogeranus ), ( Vanellus gregarious ), ( Oxiura leucocephala ), ( Glareola nordmani ) ( Platalea leucorodia ) , ( Falco cherrug ) ( Neophron percnopterus ) . 2.3.5. ( ) , ( ); (MAWR) , , . ( ) . 2.4. 2.5. , ( ) . . , , , “ ” ( ) “ ” ( ) . , “ ” , 230 “ ” , Page 22 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 20 , , “ ” . , ( ) . 1980- , - , “ ” . 90% , ( , 1982 .). . (1985) , - - . . - . , . ( , ) . - ( ) - . ( , 1967 .). (2 - ). , ( / , – ) . , ( ) “ ” . Page 23 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 21 1- . 2010 ( ) , 500 ; . 2.5.1. - . - ( , , , , ) . , . - , . 3 3,5 , . , . , , , . , , , . , ( ) , Page 24 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 22 ( , 1979 .; . , 1982 .) . (“ ” ) , , - , , . , , ( , - , ) , , , . , , - ( , , ) ( . , 1982 .). , - , – - ( , 1985 . ). , ( ) , – , ( , 2010 .). , , . , , . , , , , - . , , , , , , , . . : - ( Anthropoides virgo ) ( Grus grus ) ( , 2002 .). . ( ) - , - , , . - , , ( , 2004 .). , . ( , 2002 .). Page 25 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 23 ( ) , , ( ) 150 ( , 2008 .). , , . , ( ) 200 22,000 . (2008 .), 23,000 ( Anthropoides virgo ) . , ( ) . ( ) ( ) 15 . ( Falco cherrug ), ( F. columbarius ), ( F. tinnunculus ), ( Accipiter nisus ), ( Circus pygargus ), ( C. macrourus ), ( C. aeruginosus ), ( Milvus corshun ), ( Haliaeetus leucoryphus ), ( Neophron percnopterus ), ( Gyps fulvus ), ( Aegypius monachus ), ( Aquilla pennata ), ( A. heliacal ), ( Buteo rufinus ) ( Circaetus gallicus ) ( , 1967 .). ( ) . ( Buteo rufinus ) . - . (1987 .), ( Falco cherrug ) . (1990 .), 40% 33% . , , , , , ( ) ( , 1990 .). - . . 2.5.2. ( ) . , , , , , . . - . Page 26 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 24 , , . ( ) . . , , , , ( ) . ( Aythya nyroca ) ( Anser erythropus ) ( , IWC). , 20,000 . ( ) (IBA) (Critical Site Network [CSN]). 10 - . , , , , ( ) . , , , , , ( ) ( , 2008 .) (IWC, ) . ( ) 10 . , , . 20,000 , , . , , ( ) . , , , ( , 2008 .). 2.6. . , , . . . , , , , , , , Page 27 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 25 – , , ( , 1987 .; , , 1994 .). ( , ) , , , , , . , 50 ( , ), 300 5,000 ( , , , – , ) 200 500 ( , , , , ) . , . (6– 10 ) (1987 . ) ( ) 1981 – 1984 : 30 3 – ( Pandion haliaetus ) , 16 (Aquila nipalensis ), 1 (Aquila heliacal ), 1 ( Aquila chrysaetus ) 3 ( Circaetus gallicus ). 1989 26 ( ) 64 , 12 . : 1 – , 2 ( Haliaeetus albicilla ), 2 , 11 , 1 , 1 2 ( Falco cherrug ). ( ) ( ) 220 ( , ) . 2004 ( , , ). . ( , , ) - . , , ( , 2007 .). , , ( ), , ( ), ( ); . (1987 .), ( , ) . 1997 2007 , (2009 .) , , . 71 14 : - ( Accipiter gentilis), ( Buteo buteo ), Page 28 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 26 ( Buteo rufinus), ( Circus cyaneus), (Circus aeruginosus), (Aquila chrysaetos), - ( A. heliaca), (A. nipalensis), (A. clanga), (Aegypyus monachus ) , (Gyps fulvus), (Neophron percnopterus), (Circaetus gallicus), ( Falco tinnunculus) ( , ) . 2007 , , . , , - ( , 2007 .; , 2007 .). . ( . . ) , , . , , . 2.7. 218 (ROW) . , , , 2010 . 36 , 14 , . 926 1180 , - 827 1105 , , ( (600 – 620 ), , 220 - . 14 21 , . 21 31, 21 22 , 7 - 8 . 23 24 , 33 - . , - . 38 39 . ( ), . · , , 2, 3, 4, 5, , , 200 - . Page 29 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 27 8.8 4 . · 5, - , , 2.2 . . 7 . · 350 7 . 19.5 , 2.2 - . · 7 14 - , , . . , - 0.5 - 1.0 100 . , ; . 17.0 . · 14 , . 15, 16, 17 , 0.5 . . · 17 18 , - , , 220 - . 18 - , 400 . 19 20 - , - , 1.5 – 2.0 , , 10 . · 21 22 , 7 - 8 . . · 22 ( 23) - ; ( ). · 60.5 , 1 , . , Page 30 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 28 87.0 ; 4 83.0 - . · , , (3 ), 35 , , 10 , , . , . - , 110 - , . · - - , . 8 , – – 3 , , . · , 35 , , 110 , 2 , 10 , - , - , - , 220 - . · (10 - 15 ), , 0.5 . 3 , 4 – , 3 – , , 10 , . · 6.2 , , 10 . · 9.5 220 – 3 , - , - , . · OSG 500 , 500 - , , 20 , 110 . , . . , Page 31 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 29 500 , . 30 35 , – 25 30 , – 10 15 . . . , . 60 . ( 17.9 24.2 ; , 2008 .) . . , , ( Grus leucigeranus ) ( Aythya nyroca ), URB ( ) ( Phalacrocorax pygmaeus ), ( Platalea leucorodia ), ( Pandion haliaetus ), – ( Haliaeetus albicilla ), ( Pterocles alchata ). , , . ( Anser anser ) . 60 - 70 - . . 20,000 . ( Anser erythropus), ( Crex crex) , ( Aythya nyroca). , . . 45 - , . 10 . ( ., 2007 .; , 2008 .). , , – ( ) . ( Anser anser, A. albifrons, A. fabalis ) (Grus grus ) . . 50,000 . , , 36 , , . , , , , . ( , [ – ]). 3. . 3.1. . , , , . , ( 1998) Page 32 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 30 ( ) . , , , , - ( , ) , . ; , ( , , , ) , . - , , . . , . - . ( . 3). Page 33 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 31 : EPA 1998 : , , 3- . 5 . 3.2 : 3.2.1 , . - - ( , , ) ( , , , , . .) – ( , , .) . – , ( , IUCN ), Page 34 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 32 . . « » – , , . , ( . 4). 4- . . , , . , : , - - : : EPA 1998 154.1 530.5 2.0 0.7 0 : \03 154.1 520.3 2.0 0.8 0 : \1d 154.1 519.4 2.0 0.7 0 : \03 154.1 500.1 2.0 0.7 0 : \03 154.1 492.9 2.0 0.6 0 : \0f 154.1 492.3 2.0 0.6 0 : \03 151.5 528.7 2.0 0.6 0 : \03 151.5 517.4 2.0 0.6 0 : \0f 151.5 516.8 2.0 0.6 0 : \03 151.5 505.7 2.0 0.6 0 : \03 3 . 1 . 3 . 2 b. 2 a. 3 . Page 35 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 33 ( . 4, ) , APLIC (1994, 2005), (1998), ( 2001), (2010) . ( ) , , , , , ( . 2). , , / . , . , : , , , , , . , . , - , / , : - : ( Pelecanus crispus) ( Pelecanus onocrotalus ) : - (Anser albifrons) (Anser erythropus) - (Anser Anser) - (Aythya nyroca) - - (Ciconia Ciconia) - - - (Gyps fulvus) - (Aegypius monachus ) - - (Neophron percnopterus) - - (Haliaeetus albicilla) - - (Haliaeetus leucoryphus) - (Pandion haliaetus) - (Aquila chrysaetus) - (Aquila heliaca) - (Aquila clanga) - (Aquila nipalensis) Page 36 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 34 - (Grus Grus) - - - (Anthropoides Grus) - (Chlamydotis undulate) - (Buteo rufinus) - - - ( Aquila pennata) - (Circaetus gallicus) - (Milvus corshun) - (Circus aeruginosus) - (Circus cyaneus) - (Circus pygargus) - (Circus Macrourus) - - - (Buteo Rufinus) ( ) - (Buteo Buteo) - (Pernis apivorus) - (Accipiter Nisus) , - (Falco tinnunculus) - (Falco naumanni) - - (Falco subbuteo) - - - (Falco Peregrinus) (Falco columbarius) (Falco cherrug) . , , . . , - , : · · , , · , - , , 6 , 7 , . Page 37 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 35 6 , ( , ) , , . – , . 7 – , . . ( . . / , , , ) , 8 , , , (APLIC 2005). , - . , , . 5 . , . 8 – 69 , . – , , 69 . , , , , . Page 38 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 36 5- . . . – . , , , , / – / , , / - , , / , , : , 10-9- 2010 Page 39 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 37 (EPA 1998). , . · , , . · , . 3.2.2 . – , ( ), ( .6) 6- . . - . - 175.3 388.4 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 : 175.3 342.2 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 175.3 330.1 4.0 1.0 0 : \0f 175.3 329.1 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 170.7 382.5 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 170.7 363.4 4.0 1.0 0 : \0f 170.7 362.5 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 170.7 343.4 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 509.4 419.9 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 : 509.4 373.7 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 509.4 361.5 4.0 1.0 0 : \0f 509.4 360.6 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 509.4 343.7 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 509.4 324.6 4.0 1.0 0 : \0f 509.4 323.6 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 504.6 411.7 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 Page 40 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 38 . , , . , ( ) . . ( . .6) · · , , . · - , - , ( 1998) - - ( , ) ( ). , , - . , ( , ), , . : 1. ( , ) 2. ( ) 3. ( , - ) 4. ( ) 5. ( , , ) 6. , ( , , , ) Page 41 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 39 – , , , . , . , (EPA 1998) : · ? · ? · ? ? · ? · ? · , ? , . . , : · ? · ? · ? · ( )? · ? · ? · , ? , , , , . · / , , . Page 42 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 40 · / , . · , . · ( ), - . · ( ) . , . 3.2.3 . ( ) . , " , 30% , ". , , , , . . - , , , . , ( .7) Page 43 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 41 7- . . , , , , , . . , , ( , ) , , . - , . , , . , , 9 . 9 , , 2007 http://www.nationalwind.org/workgroups/wildlife/era.pdf Ecological Risk Assessment Steps Source: Adapted from EPA 1998 : EPA , 1998 225.5 631.4 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 : 225.5 585.2 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 225.5 573.1 4.0 1.0 0 : \0f 225.5 572.1 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 225.5 555.2 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 225.5 536.1 4.0 1.0 0 : \0f 225.5 535.2 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 225.5 516.1 4.0 1.0 0 : \03 540.1 636.3 8.0 2.0 0 : \03 : 540.1 543.6 8.0 2.0 0 : \03 540.1 519.2 8.0 2.0 0 : \0f 540.1 517.3 8.0 2.0 0 : \03 530.6 624.4 8.0 2.0 0 : \03 530.6 586.4 8.0 2.0 0 : \0f 530.6 584.4 8.0 2.0 0 : \03 530.6 546.2 8.0 2.0 0 : \03 Page 44 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 42 . , , . , , . , , . . . , : , . . , . ( , ) , , , , , . . . , ; ; ( , ) . - ( , , ) , . . , . , . , , ; , , ( 2009). : , , , , . ( .2) Page 45 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 43 , , , . , . , . 2- . , ( ), - . . . , , - - . . , / - . . , - . . . , / - , , . Page 46 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 44 . . (2009) , ( .8 9). , . ( , , , ) . ( ) Page 47 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 45 Page 48 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 46 8- . . 9- . . 3.3 PROJECT , , - / , : . 2010 Page 49 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 47 : · ( , - ) · ( - ) · ( ) · ( , - ) · ( , , ) . , , , – . , . 3 , / , , , , , . , ( , - Aegypius monachus, - Pelecanus crispus ) ( - - Anthropoides virgo, - Pandion haliaetus ). , . , , , , - , , . Page 50 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 48 ( - ) 3- . . ( *) ** (Aegypius monachus) 1) 14,000-20,000 . 2) 7,200-10,000 / 1,700-1,900 5,500-8,000 . "1980 80 , , 75- 80 . - ”. (Falco cherrug) 1) 35 000 40.000 (1994). 2) 19,200-34, 000 , 2,000-5,000 . " 1990 . - 120 - 150 ; 5 00-700 , 100-150 . - (Anser erythropus) 1) 100 000 (1980- ), 20 . 2) 20,000-25,000 . “ , 200 2000 ”. (Aquila heliaca) 1) 2000 (1994). 2) 5,200-16,800 , ( 900-1000 ) (750-800 ) " . 15 ". (Haliaeetus leucoryphus) 1) 2,500–9,999 . “ , , ”. (Pelecanus crispus) 1) 1926-2710 (1991) , 20 . 2) 10,000-13,900 . (2,700-3,500 ). “250 , 1000 ”. ( ) (Aythya nyroca) 1) 57,000–70,000 (1980–1991). 2) 160,000–257,000 . “3,000 4,000 7000 ”. (Chlamydotis undulate) 1) – 40,000-60,000 , , . 2) 49,000-62,000 , 1990- 39,000-52,000 , . Page 51 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 49 75% 15% . - (Anthropoides virgo) 1) 200,000 –240,000 . 2) 230,000–280,000 . . (Grus grus) 1) 9,000–11,000 . 2) 360,000–370,000 . . (Ciconia ciconia) 1) 150,000 (1980- ). 2) 500,000 - 520,000 . “1500 (95% ) ”. : . ( ) (Pandion haliaetus) 1) 500,000 . “ . ”. (Aquila nipalensis) 1) 40,000–60,000 . 2) 10,000 . “ . ; ”. (Aquila chrysaetus) 1) 4,500- 5,000 (1980- ), 70000 (1980 ). 2) 170 000 . “ . 1970-80- 8 0-100 ”. (Haliaeetus albicilla) 1) 9,000–11,000 (2008). 2) 20,000–39,600 ; 2004 5,000–6,600 . “ , . - . 300-400 ”. (Falco columbarius) 1) "…1980- - - 10000 ". 2) 1300000 . . (Falco tinnunculus) 1) 1,000,000–2,000,000 . 2) 5,000,000 . . 1) 1,500,000 . . Page 52 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 50 (Accipiter nisus) (Circus pygargus) 1) 7,000 . 2) 100,000 . . (Circus macrourus) 1) 1990 20000 . 2) 18,000-30,000 ; 1970-1990 , 30% , ( , ), . , . « . ”. (Pelecanus onocrotalus) 1) 7,350–10,500 . 2) 270,000 - 290,000 . “500-700 , , ”. (Neophron percnopterus) - , : 2,600-3,100 , <2000 , , 1000 , , <7500 – 30,000-40,000 . . (Gyps fulvus) , 100,000 . “1980- 140 ; . - ”. - (Aquilla pennata) 10,000 - 100,000 . “ ”. - (Aquilla heliacal ) 5,200 - 16,800 . . (Circaetus gallicus) 51,000 - 156,000 . “1970-80- 20 50 ; 30- 40 . Page 53 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 51 ”. (Buteo rufinus ) 100,000 . . 10 . (IUCN 2001), . , . * . . ** . , ( . .3 ) , , , , . . , . , , , , / . , , , / . , / , , , , (APLIC 2005) , , . 500 100 1000 550 620 . Page 54 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 52 , , , . « » . – , . , , . (APLIC 2006) , , , , , . – ( ) . 500 , . 28 29,2 . 218 . , , . 4 , . 4- . . ( ) ( ) (Aegypius monachus) 250 –295 (Falco cherrug) 102–129 - ( Anser erythropus) 120–135 (Aquila heliaca) 180–215 (Haliaeetus leucoryphus) 180–205 (Pelecanus crispus) 310–345 (Ciconia ciconia) 150-155 Page 55 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 53 (Aythya nyroca) 60-70 - (Chlamydotis undulate) 140 –160 - - (Anthropoides virgo) 150–170 - (Grus grus) 180–200 - (Pandion haliaetus) 145–170 - (Aquila nipalensis) 160–200 - (Aquila chrysaetus) 190–227 - - (Haliaeetus albicilla) 200–245 - (Falco columbarius) 50–67 - (Falco tinnunculus) 65–82 - - (Accipiter nisus) 60–75 - (Circus pygargus) 97–115 - (Circus macrourus) 95–120 - ( Circus aeruginosus) 110–130 - (Milvus corshun migrans) 135–155 , - ( Neophron percnopterus) 155–170 - ( Gyps fulvus) 240–280 - ( Aquila chrysaetus) 180–234 - - ( Haliaeetus albicilla) 182–244 ( Falco columbarius) 61–69 , - ( Falco tinnunculus) 60–65 Page 56 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 54 4 , , (4.5 ) . , , , , , , . , : , , , – , . 300 350 100 1000 . . 550 620 . 500 , , 17 - 36 , , . 500 , . 28 - 29,2 , ( . . 10 11) 10- . . Page 57 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 55 11 . . 2.5 . , ( . . ) 9 ( , ) 29+ ( ). , . , . , , , , , . , . , . . - . , ( ) : 12 - , 4 . ( ) , . Page 58 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 56 5 , . 5- . , . ( ) (? = ) (Aegypius monachus ) , . , , . 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 14 (Falco cherrug ) ( ), , , , . ( , ); . 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 14 - (Anser erythropus ) . . 3?, 4, 5, 8(?), 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ( Aquila heliaca ) . , . 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 14 (Haliaeetus leucoryphus ) , - , , , . 11, 16 ( Pelecanus crispus ) , , ( ) . ( , , ) . . 11(?), 16 (Ciconia ciconia) , , - , , - , , , , . , , . 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 , (Ayta nyroca) 11(?), 16 Page 59 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 57 . , . (Chlamydotis undulate ) , . . 2?, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 14 - (Anthropoides virgo) - , , , , ; . . - . 3, 4(?), 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 ( Grus grus) . – - . 3, 4 (?), 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 - (Pandion haliaetus) ( , ), , . . , 11, 15, 16 (Aquila nipalensis) , . , . , , . 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 14 (Aquila chrysaetus) ( , , ); . ; . 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 14 (Haliaeetus albicilla) - , , ; , . – - , , , . 11, 16 (Falco columbarius) , , , , – . 2, 5, 8, 11, 14(?) , (Falco tinnunculus) – , , , , , . – , , . 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 (Accipiter nisus) ( , , ), . . 1, 2, 8, 14 (Circus pygargus) ; . ( , , , ) . , . 2, 3, 4, 5(?), 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Page 60 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 58 (Circus macrourus) , - , , . , , , , - . . . 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 14 (Circus aeruginosus) , ( ) , , , . - . ( ) ; . 7, 8(?), 11(?), 12(?), 15, 16 (Milvus corshun migrans) , , - , . , , , , . 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14 , (Neophron percnopterus) , , ; , , , . . 4, 5(?), 6, 10, 12 (Gyps fulvus) ; , , , , ; . 4, 5, 6, 8, 14 . , . . . ( ) ( - ) , , , . , , , . . , , , . 6 , , , , . , , , , . Page 61 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 59 6- . / . , . (Pelecanus crispus) ( Ciconia ciconia ) ( ) (Anser albifrons) - (Anser erythropus ) (Anser anser) , . (Aythya nyroca) (Gyps fulvus) - (Aegypius monachus ) - , (Neophron percnopterus) (Haliaeetus albicilla) (Haliaeetus leucoryphus ) - - (Pandion haliaetus) (Aquila chrysaetus) (Aquila heliaca ) (Aquila clanga) (Aquila nipalensis) (Circaetus gallicus) - (Aquilla pennata) (Milvus corshun) ( C ircus aeruginosus) (Circus cyaneus) (Circus pygargus) - (Circus macrourus) - - (Buteo rufinus) (Buteo buteo) (Pernis apivorus) - (Accipiter nisus) (Falco tinnunculus) , (Falco naumanni) (Falco subbuteo) (Falco peregrinus) (Falco columbarius) (Falco cherrug) (Grus grus) - (Anthropoides virgo) (Chlamydotis undulate) , , Page 62 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 60 . , , . , , (Mycteria Americana) (2001), , 500 , . , 87% (639 , ) ; 82% (34,546 , ) – . , , , . , ( , 1994 , 1998; 2000 ; 2005). (1988), (1998), : , , , , , . , , ( ) , " ", , , . " " ( . ., , ). - , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , . , . - , , - , , ( , ). , . , , , - , . , , , , ( 1998 ; 2000 ; 2002 ; 2008). , , , ( 1993) , . (1998), (2008) , , . (2000), (2002) , , . . (1972), (1979) , Page 63 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 61 ( Sturnus vulgaris) ( Chen caerulescens ). , , , - , . . (> 400 ) , 17 36 . , . – , . , , . . , , . , - . , , , , . 11 . , , . , , . . 7 . , - , . , , , , , , , , , . 11 , . - SS – 18 , 55,5 - , 800 - 1200 14 600 , 14 18. - 15 (III ). - 690 A, : +40°C, - 30° , +10°C, - 5°C. - 20 . 25 . , (IV 20 ). Page 64 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 62 - 18 - 16,1 600 - 400 . - 10 (II ) . - 540 . : +40° , - 30° , +10°C, - 5°C. - 20 . - 25 . 7- . . - ( - ) . . , - . ( ) 500 550 – 620 . 100 1000 , , . ( - ) 500 4,5 , , 3 . , . ( - , ) . – , – . . , , . - ( , ) , . , , . 8 . , . Page 65 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 63 ( , ), , . 8- . ( - ) . . . . ( ) . ( 300 ) 5 ; 218 9 36 . . . , . ( - ) . ( ) . ( , ), , . . ( - , ). ( ) . , – . . , , . - ( , ) . , - . , , . - , - . . Page 66 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 64 3.4 . , : · ? · ? · ? · ( )? · ? · ? · , ? , , , ( . 2.4). , - . , ( . 12). . , - , . 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( . 1) ( , - ), - . , , , , , , , . . . . ( . 3.6.2) , « ». , " " , , , . , , , 50% ( . 2010) . , , . - . , , , , Page 72 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 70 . ( . 3.6.2) , . , , . , , , . ( ) , , , , . , . , - . , , . . , , , , . . , , . , . , . . ( 1995 ; 2005), ( 1991). ( 2008). (Grus leucogeranus), . ( ) . 4000 : - . ( ) ; ( 200 ) ( ). . , , , , . , . 2007 , Page 73 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 71 . , , , . , ( " ") . . , . , , ( ) . , . , , ( ) . , , , , , . , , . , , , . - . ( ) . , . . , . · , , . · , , . , , , « », , . 3.6 3.6.1 Page 74 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 72 . , , , . , , , , . , / , . , , . , . « » , , , . , , , TOTL. 3.6.2 : . ( ) , ( . 5). , , , . , / . , , . , , , , . , - . , , . , , ( , - , ) , . ( . Page 75 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 73 2.6, , ). , . , , " " 12 . , , , , . , . ( , , . .) . , , . . , , , . , . _________ 12 . , . , , , . . . , . , . , ( . 3.6.3, ). . , , , . . 3.6.3 , , . , Page 76 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 74 . , , , ( , , , , ). , , , . , , . , , , . , , , . , . II . 4. ( ) (APLIC) : 1994. . . , , . 78. (APLIC) : 2006. . , APLIC, . , , . ., 1998 , : . 86:67 –76. ., 1998 , . , 1 . . . . ( ). : , . . . . . . 23:217–227 . . 2000. , . , . . . . . . 2002. . , . . , . . , , , . Page 77 : Pandion Systems, Inc. 2010 75 ., . , 2001. , , . 24:419-424. . . . . 1979. , . , . . . 2000 : . . . 95:353 -359. . ., . . . 2010. : . 20: 263 –275. . . . . 1991. . 19:442– 449. . . 2005. : 1978. 9:155–165 . . . 2008. : . 10:25-36. ( / ). 2009. , . / , , . 68 . ( ). 1998. . , , , , /630/ 095/002 . 5. B.B. . . 411. , , 1987, . 11 B.B. . . . 3 - . , . 1990, . 15 -18. . . , . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . , 2008, . 140 -141. . . . . - . 1979, . 256. . . . // . 17, 1982, . 13 -17 . . . . (“ ”).// . . 1985, . 260 -294. 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( ) - - ( ) ( ) - ( ) ( ) - ( ) ( ) ; ( ) ( ); ( )