56069 ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR ASIA, 1960 TO 2004 Damiano Sandri, Ernesto Valenzuela and Kym Anderson Johns Hopkins University and University of Adelaide dsandri@jhu.edu ernesto.valenzuela@adelaide.edu.au kym.asnderson@adelaide.edu.au December 2007 Agricultural Distortions Working Paper 20, December 2007 This is a product of a research project on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, under the leadership of Kym Anderson of the World Bank's Development Research Group. The authors are grateful for funding from World Bank Trust Funds provided by the governments of Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands (BNPP) and the United Kingdom (DfID). This Working Paper series is designed to promptly disseminate the findings of work in progress for comment before they are finalized. The views expressed are the authors' alone and not necessarily those of the World Bank and its Executive Directors, nor the countries they represent, nor of the institutions providing funds for this research project. ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR ASIA, 1960 TO 2004 Damiano Sandri, Ernesto Valenzuela and Kym Anderson This compilation of data from the World Development Indicators, FAOSTAT, and GTAP 6.0 databases provides comparative basic economic and trade indicators for Asia region. Within the region countries are sub-divided into sub-regions, and for each region and sub-region the case study countries are shown separately together with an aggregate of that sub-region's non-studied countries. Due to the limited data availability, all the not studied countries in Asia have been excluded (whose relative GDP and population with respect to the Asian studied group are however very small). The tables begin with summary data for the period 2000-2004, and growth data for 1980-2004. Then each one-page table shows annual data for the 45-year period from 1960 to 2004. Apart from the series on black market premium (compiled by Easterly), on labor force, agricultural employment, agricultural land and the section on production, supply and export of agricultural commodities taken from the FAO, and those marked with * in the table of contents computed from the GTAP6.1 database (or version 6.2 when specified), all the other data have been retrieved from the World Bank's World Development Indicators (April 2006). Definitions of the various variables can be found in the WDI section of the World Bank's website. Data on labor force, agricultural employment, agricultural land and production of agricultural commodities for Taiwan are taken from the Council of Economic Planning and Development, Republic of China. Time series of applied ad valorem tariff (AHS) data from 1988 to 2005 are collected from UNCTAD-TRAINS using the WITS system1. These tariffs correspond to trade weighted 1 http://wits.worldbank.org/. In the absence of a corresponding trade flow for a given tariff, WITS seeks for a matching trade flow in COMTRADE, either by direct or inverted trade (collecting exports to region x). These are exclusively ad valorem tariffs and thus do not include ad valorem equivalent of specific tariffs. HS6 digits compiled at GTAP sectoral level for primary agriculture and processed food, and aggregates for primary agriculture, processed food, and primary non agriculture. Effectively applied tariffs for the year 2001 reported in the last table of the basic trade indicators come instead from the GTAP6.1 database. They are obtained through a joint CEPII / ITC project, known as MAcMAps, which calculates HS6 bilateral tariff including ad valorem tariff equivalent of specific and compound tariffs and key non-tariff barriers such as tariff rate quotas (TRQs). Five-year averages for the period 2000-2004 are computed by averaging all the available annual data within the period. However, average percentages and ratios for single countries between two variables are computed by considering only those years for which observations are available for both series. Growth rates are calculated consistently with WDI statistical procedures, i.e. by fitting a linear regression trend to the logarithmic annual values whenever at least half of the observations in the period are available. The revealed comparative Advantage (RCA) indexes are computed as the product group's share of a region's exports as a percentage of that product group's share of global merchandise exports. The service sector is derived as a residual, from GDP less agriculture and industry. The available tables and indicators are: Description of aggregate sectors, as referred to in the GTAP database Sources List of countries and regional aggregates National as % of world, 2000-2004 (A) Population Labor force Agricultural workers GDP Agricultural GDP Land Agricultural land Total exports of goods and services Agricultural and food exports Agricultural and food imports National as % of world, 2000-2004 (B) GDP per capita Land per capita Land per worker Agricultural land per capita Agricultural land per agricultural worker RCA agriculture and food Growth rates, % per year, 1980-2004 Population Labor force Agricultural workers GDP GDP per capita Agricultural GDP Industrial GDP Services GDP Total exports of goods and services Agricultural and food exports Agricultural and food imports Basic economic indicators, five-year averages 1960-2004 Population Labor force Agricultural workers Agricultural workers (% labor force) GDP GDP per capita Governance indicators Poverty (% population) Land Agricultural land Arable land Land per capita Land per worker Arable land per worker Agricultural land per capita Agricultural land per agricultural worker Agriculture (% GDP) Industry (% GDP) Services (% GDP) Agricultural GDP (% world) Official exchange rate (LCU per US$) Black market premium (%) Basic trade indicators, five-year averages 1960-2004 Total exports of goods and services Total imports of goods and services Primary agriculture exports (% prim. agriculture and proc. food exports)* Agriculture and food exports (% merchandise exports) Other primary goods exports (% merchandise exports) Other manufactures exports (% merchandise exports) Services exports (% total exports of goods and services) Primary agriculture imports (% prim. agriculture and proc. food imports)* Agriculture and food imports (% merchandise imports) Other primary goods imports (% merchandise imports) Other manufactures imports (% merchandise imports) Services imports (% total imports of goods and services) Total exports of goods and services (% GDP) Total imports of goods and services (% GDP) (X-M)/(X+M): primary agriculture* (X-M)/(X+M): processed food* (X-M)/(X+M): agriculture and food (X-M)/(X+M): other primary goods (X-M)/(X+M): other manufactures (X-M)/(X+M): services RCA: agriculture and food RCA: other primary goods RCA: other manufactures Share of world exports (%): agriculture and food Share of world exports (%): other primary goods Share of world exports (%): other manufactures Share of world exports (%): services Share of world exports (%): total exports of goods and services Trade weighted applied tariff, 2001* Agricultural commodities: shares of national and global, production, consumption and export Domestic production in 2001 (% world, MT), A & B Domestic apparent consumption in 2001 (% world, MT), A & B Export in 2001 (% world, MT), A & B Shares of domestic production in 2001 (% domestic prod. value), A & B Shares of apparent consumption in 2001 (% domestic app. cons. value), A & B Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff (UNCTAD-TRAINS) Bangladesh China India Indonesia Korea Rep. Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Taiwan (China) Thailand Vietnam Description of aggregate sectors, as referred to in the GTAP database Primary Agriculture Other Primary GTAP sector description GTAP sector description pdr Paddy rice frs Forestry wht Wheat fsh Fishing gro Cereal grains nec coa Coal v_f Vegetables, fruit, nuts oil Oil osd Oil seeds gas Gas c_b Sugar cane, sugar beet omn Minerals nec pfb Plant-based fibers ocr Crops nec ctl Cattle,sheep,goats,horses oap Animal products nec rmk Raw milk wol Wool, silk-worm cocoons Processed Food Other Manufacturing GTAP sector description GTAP sector description Meat: tex Textiles cmt cattle,sheep,goats,horse wap Wearing apparel omt Meat products nec lea Leather products vol Vegetable oils and fats lum Wood products mil Dairy products ppp Paper products, publishing pcr Processed rice p_c Petroleum, coal products sgr Sugar crp Chemical,rubber,plastic prods ofd Food products nec nmm Mineral products nec Beverages and tobacco i_s Ferrous metals b_t products nfm Metals nec fmp Metal products mvh Motor vehicles and parts otn Transport equipment nec ele Electronic equipment Machinery and equipment ome nec omf Manufactures nec Sources: Dimaranan, B.V. (ed.) (2006), Global Trade, Assistance, and Production: The GTAP 6.0 Database, West Lafayette: Center for Global Trade Analysis, Purdue University (chapters downloadable at www.gtap.org). Easterly, William. Compilation of Black Market premium. Available at: http://www.nyu.edu/fas/institute/dri/global%20development%20network%20gro wth%20database.htm FAOSTAT, 2005, 2006, Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics Databases. Available at: www.fao.org. Accessed: June 2006. WDI (World Development Indicators), April 2006, World Bank Database. Available at: www.worldbank.org. Accessed: June 2006. WITS (World Integrated Trade Solution), World Bank in collaboration with UNCTAD. Available at: http://wits.worldbank.org. Accessed: July 2006. Asia Countries and regional aggregates Studied countries Additional groups East Asia South Asia Asean 5 NIE 4 China Bangladesh Indonesia Hong Kong Indonesia India Malaysia Korea, Rep. Korea, Rep. Pakistan Philippines Singapore Malaysia Sri Lanka Singapore Taiwan Philippines Thailand Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Countries and regional aggregates used for the indicators computed from GTAP database East Asia South Asia Asean 5 NIE 4 Studied countries: Studied countries: Indonesia Hong Kong China Bangladesh Malaysia Korea, Rep. Indonesia India Philippines Singapore Korea, Rep. Pakistan (tariff data only) Singapore Taiwan Malaysia Sri Lanka Thailand Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other countries: Other countries: Hong Kong, Singapore, rest of South Asia (Afghanistan, rest of East Asia (Macau, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal) Mongolia, Korea Dem. Rep.), rest of Southeast Asia ( Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Timor Leste) National as % world, 2000-2004 (A) Total exports Agricultural Agricultural Agricultural Agricultural Agricultural Population Labor force GDP Land of goods and and food and food workers GDP land services exports imports China 20.60 25.77 38.43 4.33 16.62 7.19 11.11 4.66 3.05 4.03 Indonesia 3.41 3.49 3.75 0.59 2.62 1.40 0.90 0.80 1.54 1.08 Korea, Rep. 0.77 0.81 0.17 1.62 1.69 0.08 0.04 2.45 0.68 2.10 Malaysia 0.39 0.34 0.14 0.28 0.73 0.25 0.16 1.23 1.53 0.82 Philippines 1.27 1.08 0.95 0.22 0.91 0.23 0.24 0.45 0.35 0.49 East Asia Taiwan 0.36 0.33 0.05 0.84 0.45 0.03 0.02 1.91 0.59 1.17 Thailand 1.01 1.22 1.53 0.38 1.05 0.39 0.40 1.02 2.05 0.76 Vietnam 1.29 1.40 2.11 0.11 0.69 0.25 0.19 0.20 0.71 0.26 Studied countries 29.09 34.45 47.13 8.38 24.76 9.82 13.06 12.73 10.50 10.71 Bangladesh 2.16 2.39 2.93 0.14 0.90 0.10 0.18 0.09 0.09 0.36 India 16.87 15.11 20.20 1.57 9.32 2.29 3.63 0.75 1.07 0.83 Pakistan 2.33 1.82 1.91 0.23 1.43 0.59 0.53 0.14 0.20 0.32 South Asia Sri Lanka 0.31 0.29 0.29 0.05 0.24 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.18 0.15 Studied countries 21.67 19.61 25.34 1.99 11.90 3.04 4.40 1.05 1.54 1.66 All studied countries 50.76 54.06 72.46 10.37 36.65 12.86 17.45 13.78 12.04 12.37 Asean 5 6.14 6.21 6.36 1.75 5.33 2.28 1.70 5.46 6.02 3.88 NIE 4 1.30 1.33 0.22 3.19 2.16 0.10 0.06 9.25 2.61 5.68 National as % world, 2000-2004 (B) Agricultural land per Agricultural land per RCA: agriculture and GDP per capita Land per capita Land per worker capita agricultural worker food China 21 35 28 54 29 58 Indonesia 17 41 40 27 24 173 Korea, Rep. 212 10 9 5 23 26 Malaysia 74 66 74 41 116 107 Philippines 18 18 21 19 26 67 East Asia Taiwan 232 8 8 5 32 28 Thailand 38 39 32 39 26 204 Vietnam 8 19 18 14 9 301 Studied countries 29 34 29 45 28 75 Bangladesh 7 5 4 8 6 93 India 9 14 15 22 18 143 Pakistan 10 25 33 23 28 137 South Asia Sri Lanka 16 16 17 15 16 254 Studied countries 9 14 15 20 17 145 All studied countries 20 25 24 34 24 80 Asean 5 28 37 37 28 27 103 NIE 4 245 8 8 4 25 27 Growth rates, % per year, 1980-2004 Total exports Agricultural Agricultural GDP per Agricultural Industrial GDP Services GDP of goods and and food and food Agricultural capita GDP GDP Population Labor force (constant (constant services exports imports workers (constant (constant (constant 2000 US$) 2000 US$) (constant (constant (constant 2000 US$) 2000 US$) 2000 US$) 2000 US$) 2000 US$) 2000 US$) China 1.2 1.6 1.0 9.9 8.6 4.4 12.1 11.3 10.9 6.9 10.2 Indonesia 1.6 2.6 1.6 5.4 3.7 2.9 6.6 5.3 5.5 6.3 9.1 Korea, Rep. 1.0 2.1 -4.5 7.1 6.1 1.3 8.2 7.2 12.7 5.7 6.0 Malaysia 2.6 3.1 -0.9 6.6 3.9 1.7 7.8 6.9 11.3 3.2 6.9 Philippines 2.2 2.7 1.3 2.7 0.4 1.7 2.0 3.5 5.9 1.1 8.2 East Asia Taiwan 1.0 1.7 -3.0 6.7 5.6 0.5 5.3 8.3 8.9 -1.1 0.8 Thailand 1.3 1.9 0.7 6.3 4.9 2.4 8.5 5.8 12.1 7.0 10.9 Vietnam 1.9 2.3 1.9 7.0 5.1 3.9 9.7 7.5 20.8 Studied countries 1.3 1.8 1.0 7.6 6.3 3.1 9.0 7.9 11.3 Bangladesh 2.2 2.6 1.2 4.4 2.1 2.7 6.6 4.4 9.8 4.0 6.0 India 1.9 2.0 1.2 5.7 3.7 3.0 6.3 7.0 10.0 5.4 6.3 Pakistan 2.6 2.9 1.5 4.7 2.1 4.0 5.5 4.8 6.5 1.3 4.3 South Asia Sri Lanka 1.2 2.1 1.4 4.5 3.3 1.8 5.6 5.1 6.4 2.7 5.5 Studied countries 2.0 2.1 1.2 5.4 3.4 3.0 6.2 6.4 9.2 3.9 5.3 All studied countries 1.6 1.9 1.1 7.1 5.5 3.1 8.6 7.5 11.2 Asean 5 1.7 2.5 1.3 5.5 3.7 2.3 6.5 5.7 4.5 7.0 NIE 4 1.1 2.0 -4.2 6.6 5.5 -0.2 1.5 Population (millions) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 674.8 755.1 860.7 943.1 1008.8 1084.4 1164.2 1229.6 1279.9 Indonesia 98.0 109.6 123.4 139.0 154.2 169.0 184.2 198.2 211.9 Korea 26.4 29.9 33.3 36.4 39.3 41.6 43.7 45.9 47.6 Malaysia 8.7 10.0 11.4 12.8 14.5 16.5 18.8 21.4 24.0 East Asia Philippines 28.8 33.5 38.7 44.4 50.5 56.9 64.0 71.3 78.7 Taiwan 11.4 13.4 15.1 16.7 18.3 19.6 20.7 21.6 22.4 Thailand 28.4 33.2 38.3 43.3 48.1 52.2 56.2 59.6 62.6 Vietnam 36.1 40.0 44.8 50.3 55.7 61.8 69.0 75.4 80.4 Studied countries 912.7 1024.8 1165.7 1286.1 1389.4 1502.1 1620.8 1723.1 1807.4 Bangladesh 53.7 60.4 68.2 76.7 86.3 97.2 109.0 121.4 134.0 India 455.0 511.0 573.4 642.4 718.5 798.8 882.8 965.5 1048.2 South Asia Pakistan 48.5 55.6 64.6 75.7 87.5 100.0 113.6 128.5 145.0 Sri Lanka 10.6 11.8 12.9 13.7 15.2 16.4 17.4 18.6 19.2 Studied countries 567.8 638.8 719.0 808.5 907.5 1012.4 1122.8 1234.0 1346.4 All studied countries 1480.5 1663.6 1884.8 2094.6 2296.9 2514.5 2743.6 2957.1 3153.8 Asean 5 165.7 188.4 214.0 241.9 269.9 297.5 326.4 354.3 381.3 NIE 4 42.9 49.0 54.7 60.0 65.4 69.5 73.4 77.8 81.0 Labor force (millions) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 362.6 400.2 456.9 518.3 574.7 641.4 703.6 744.3 776.9 Indonesia 39.2 42.9 48.3 55.4 63.8 73.7 84.2 95.1 105.2 Korea 9.1 10.5 12.2 14.3 16.4 18.4 20.5 22.7 24.4 Malaysia 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.6 7.7 9.0 10.3 East Asia Philippines 10.9 12.5 14.5 16.8 19.4 22.2 25.4 29.1 32.7 Taiwan 3.6 3.9 4.7 6.1 7.0 8.1 8.7 9.4 10.0 Thailand 14.6 16.6 19.2 22.4 25.8 29.1 32.2 34.8 36.9 Vietnam 18.3 19.5 21.4 24.0 27.0 31.0 35.2 38.9 42.0 Studied countries 461.4 509.6 581.2 662.2 739.7 830.5 917.6 983.4 1038.4 Bangladesh 28.5 31.0 34.4 38.8 43.8 49.6 56.3 64.2 72.0 India 210.7 229.3 253.9 282.6 311.2 340.1 374.6 416.3 455.6 South Asia Pakistan 19.7 21.6 24.1 27.2 31.3 36.4 41.8 47.9 54.8 Sri Lanka 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.8 6.5 7.3 8.0 8.6 Studied countries 262.7 286.1 317.1 353.7 392.0 432.7 480.0 536.4 591.0 All studied countries 724.2 795.7 898.3 1015.9 1131.8 1263.1 1397.6 1519.8 1629.4 Asean 5 68.4 76.2 86.9 100.5 115.8 133.0 151.2 169.9 187.1 NIE 4 27.2 30.7 33.8 37.2 40.0 Agricultural workers (millions) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 296.2 318.1 352.7 389.4 422.3 465.0 498.8 508.0 510.9 Indonesia 28.5 29.5 31.2 33.4 36.5 41.2 45.3 47.9 49.8 Korea 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.4 4.4 3.3 2.7 2.2 Malaysia 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 East Asia Philippines 6.8 7.5 8.2 9.1 9.9 10.6 11.3 12.0 12.6 Taiwan 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 Thailand 12.1 13.4 15.0 16.5 17.9 19.2 20.1 20.4 20.4 Vietnam 14.7 15.3 16.3 17.8 19.7 22.2 24.8 26.7 28.1 Studied countries 367.2 393.0 432.9 475.7 515.2 566.0 606.6 620.5 626.5 Bangladesh 24.7 26.3 28.0 29.4 31.1 33.4 35.6 37.6 39.0 India 157.4 168.4 182.8 199.1 212.8 223.2 236.6 253.8 268.5 South Asia Pakistan 12.9 14.0 15.5 17.3 19.1 20.1 21.3 23.3 25.4 Sri Lanka 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.9 Studied countries 197.1 211.0 228.8 248.5 265.9 280.0 297.0 318.4 336.8 All studied countries 564.3 604.1 661.6 724.2 781.2 846.0 903.6 938.9 963.3 Asean 5 49.3 52.4 56.5 61.2 66.5 73.1 78.7 82.3 84.6 NIE 4 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.4 6.7 5.6 4.4 3.6 2.9 Agricultural workers (% labor force) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 82 79 77 75 73 73 71 68 66 Indonesia 73 69 65 60 57 56 54 50 47 Korea 58 53 47 41 33 24 16 12 9 Malaysia 61 57 51 45 38 31 25 21 18 East Asia Philippines 62 60 57 54 51 48 44 41 39 Taiwan 48 45 36 25 18 15 12 9 7 Thailand 83 81 78 74 70 66 63 59 55 Vietnam 80 79 76 74 73 72 70 69 67 Studied countries 80 77 74 72 70 68 66 63 60 Bangladesh 87 85 81 76 71 67 63 59 54 India 75 73 72 70 68 66 63 61 59 South Asia Pakistan 65 65 64 64 61 55 51 49 46 Sri Lanka 56 55 54 53 51 49 48 46 45 Studied countries 75 74 72 70 68 65 62 59 57 All studied countries 78 76 74 71 69 67 65 62 59 Asean 5 72 69 65 61 57 55 52 48 45 NIE 4 25 18 13 10 7 GDP ($ billions) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 73.3 116.3 161.6 213.4 303.7 429.8 927.9 1510.0 Indonesia 7.4 15.1 45.9 87.6 86.7 143.3 176.1 205.1 Korea 5.0 12.5 41.1 77.8 153.2 337.5 476.4 565.7 Malaysia 3.6 6.5 14.8 28.6 33.3 58.7 88.2 99.2 East Asia Philippines 7.4 9.2 20.4 34.0 34.9 52.2 76.1 77.4 Taiwan 3.8 9.1 23.2 49.9 102.4 204.1 277.3 292.0 Thailand 5.6 9.4 20.6 37.1 53.3 112.9 146.9 133.9 Vietnam 21.8 11.1 25.6 36.8 Studied countries 789.1 1349.7 2194.6 2920.0 Bangladesh 7.1 8.9 13.6 18.6 23.8 31.9 41.9 49.7 India 52.1 75.6 119.5 196.7 265.4 284.9 402.2 546.9 South Asia Pakistan 7.3 9.0 15.5 28.5 35.0 47.5 62.3 79.0 Sri Lanka 1.9 2.7 3.5 4.9 6.6 9.8 14.7 17.4 Studied countries 68.4 96.2 152.0 248.6 330.8 374.1 521.1 692.9 All studied countries 1119.9 1723.8 2715.7 3612.9 Asean 5 25.3 43.5 108.7 202.7 230.4 419.0 574.4 608.4 NIE 4 12.7 31.1 87.2 173.9 328.1 696.5 1000.2 1111.7 GDP per capita ($) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 97 135 171 211 280 369 755 1180 Indonesia 66 122 330 568 513 778 889 968 Korea 167 375 1130 1981 3683 7729 10380 11888 Malaysia 355 568 1151 1971 2014 3119 4118 4139 East Asia Philippines 222 238 459 672 612 816 1067 983 Taiwan 280 600 1392 2733 5232 9875 12811 13008 Thailand 169 246 475 772 1020 2011 2465 2141 Vietnam 352 161 340 457 Studied countries 525 833 1274 1616 Bangladesh 118 131 177 215 245 293 345 371 India 102 132 186 274 332 323 417 522 South Asia Pakistan 131 139 204 325 350 418 485 545 Sri Lanka 164 212 257 321 404 559 791 908 Studied countries 107 134 188 274 327 333 422 515 All studied countries 445 628 918 1146 Asean 5 134 203 449 751 775 1283 1621 1596 NIE 4 260 568 1453 2658 4718 9490 12863 13733 Governance Indicators Voice and Government Control of Political Stability Regulatory Quality Rule of Law Accountability Effectiveness Corruption 1996-98 2003-05 1996-98 2003-05 1996-98 2003-05 1996-98 2003-05 1996-98 2003-05 1996-98 2003-05 China -1.5 -1.6 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 -0.6 Indonesia -1.3 -0.4 -1.1 -1.7 -0.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.5 -0.7 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9 Korea 0.7 0.7 -0.1 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 Malaysia -0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.3 East Asia Philippines 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -1.2 0.2 -0.1 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.5 Taiwan 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 Thailand 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 Vietnam -1.6 -1.6 0.3 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 -0.7 -0.8 Studied countries -0.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 Bangladesh -0.3 -0.6 -0.7 -1.2 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -1.1 -0.8 -0.9 -0.5 -1.2 India 0.2 0.3 -0.9 -1.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.4 South Asia Pakistan -0.9 -1.2 -1.3 -1.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.9 Sri Lanka -0.3 -0.2 -1.8 -1.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 Studied countries -0.3 -0.4 -1.2 -1.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -0.6 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.7 All studied countries -0.4 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 Asean 5 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 NIE 4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 Poverty (% population) People living with less than 1$ per day (% tot People living with less than 2$ per day (% tot population) population) 1980-84 1985-89 1990-1994 1995-99 2000-04 1980-84 1985-89 1990-1994 1995-99 2000-04 China 28 30 18 17 67 70 52 46 Indonesia 28 18 14 7 76 65 59 53 Korea 2 2 Malaysia 2 2 2 2 16 15 14 11 East Asia Philippines 20 19 14 15 58 55 45 46 Taiwan Thailand 21 18 6 2 2 54 55 37 30 29 Vietnam 15 4 2 59 40 34 Studied countries Bangladesh 27 35 36 28 35 88 84 85 78 80 India 46 43 35 87 87 79 South Asia Pakistan 50 41 14 17 89 84 69 74 Sri Lanka 9 4 6 6 50 40 45 41 Studied countries 45 42 33 86 86 78 All studied countries Asean 5 NIE 4 Total land (Ha millions) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 933 933 933 933 933 933 933 933 933 Indonesia 181 181 181 181 181 181 181 181 181 Korea 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Malaysia 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 East Asia Philippines 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Taiwan 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Thailand 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 Vietnam 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 Studied countries 1274 1274 1274 1274 1274 1274 1274 1274 1274 Bangladesh 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 India 297 297 297 297 297 297 297 297 297 South Asia Pakistan 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 Sri Lanka 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Studied countries 394 394 394 394 394 394 394 394 394 All studied countries 1668 1668 1668 1668 1668 1668 1668 1668 1668 Asean 5 295 295 295 295 295 295 295 295 295 NIE 4 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 Agricultural land (Ha millions) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 347 363 386 414 455 514 532 538 553 Indonesia 39 38 38 38 38 43 42 43 45 Korea 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Malaysia 4 5 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 East Asia Philippines 8 8 8 10 11 11 11 12 12 Taiwan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Thailand 12 13 15 18 20 21 21 21 20 Vietnam 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 Studied countries 420 437 462 495 538 605 625 631 650 Bangladesh 9 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 India 176 178 179 181 181 181 181 181 181 South Asia Pakistan 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 Sri Lanka 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Studied countries 210 214 215 218 218 219 219 219 219 All studied countries 630 651 677 712 757 824 843 850 869 Asean 5 63 65 67 71 73 81 83 83 85 NIE 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Arable land (Ha millions) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 103 101 99 97 103 122 124 127 141 Indonesia 18 18 18 18 18 21 18 18 21 Korea 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Malaysia 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 East Asia Philippines 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 Taiwan Thailand 11 12 13 16 17 18 17 16 15 Vietnam 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 7 Studied countries 145 144 144 145 152 174 174 176 193 Bangladesh 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 India 157 159 161 163 163 163 162 161 160 South Asia Pakistan 17 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 21 Sri Lanka 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Studied countries 184 188 190 193 193 194 192 191 190 All studied countries 329 333 334 338 345 368 366 367 383 Asean 5 34 35 37 40 41 45 43 42 44 NIE 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Land per capita (Ha) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 Indonesia 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 Korea 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Malaysia 3.7 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.4 East Asia Philippines 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 Taiwan 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Thailand 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 Vietnam 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 Studied countries 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 Bangladesh 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 India 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 South Asia Pakistan 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 Sri Lanka 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 Studied countries 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 All studied countries 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 Asean 5 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 NIE 4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Land per worker (Ha) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 2.6 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 Indonesia 4.6 4.2 3.7 3.3 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.7 Korea 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 Malaysia 10.8 9.5 8.2 6.9 5.8 5.0 4.2 3.6 3.2 East Asia Philippines 2.7 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 Taiwan 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Thailand 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 Vietnam 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 Studied countries 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 Bangladesh 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 India 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 South Asia Pakistan 3.9 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 Sri Lanka 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 Studied countries 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 All studied countries 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 Asean 5 4.3 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.6 NIE 4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 Arable land per worker (Ha) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Indonesia 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Korea 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Malaysia 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 East Asia Philippines 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Taiwan Thailand 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 Vietnam 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 Studied countries 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Bangladesh 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 India 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 South Asia Pakistan 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 Sri Lanka 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Studied countries 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 All studied countries 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 Asean 5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 NIE 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Agricultural land per capita (Ha) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 Indonesia 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Korea 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Malaysia 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 East Asia Philippines 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Taiwan 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thailand 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 Vietnam 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Studied countries 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Bangladesh 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 India 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 South Asia Pakistan 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Sri Lanka 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Studied countries 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 All studied countries 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Asean 5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 NIE 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Agricultural land per agricultural worker (Ha) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Indonesia 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 Korea 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 Malaysia 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 3.1 3.9 4.2 4.4 East Asia Philippines 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Taiwan 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 Thailand 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 Vietnam 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Studied countries 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 Bangladesh 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 India 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 South Asia Pakistan 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 Sri Lanka 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Studied countries 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 All studied countries 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 Asean 5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 NIE 4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 Agriculture (% GDP) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 39 34 31 32 27 22 18 14 Indonesia 49 37 29 23 23 18 17 16 Korea 30 26 21 14 10 7 5 4 Malaysia 29 28 26 21 20 14 12 9 East Asia Philippines 27 30 29 24 24 22 19 14 Taiwan 20 13 10 7 5 4 3 2 Thailand 30 26 25 20 16 11 10 10 Vietnam 41 33 26 23 Studied countries 19 14 13 10 Bangladesh 54 56 55 31 31 27 25 22 South Asia India 44 42 36 33 29 28 25 21 Pakistan 35 33 29 27 24 23 24 22 Sri Lanka 29 28 28 26 24 23 20 17 Studied countries 43 42 36 32 29 27 25 21 All studied countries 22 17 15 12 Asean 5 12 11 NIE 4 3 2 Industry (% GDP) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 35 42 47 45 44 44 47 46 Indonesia 16 27 35 40 36 40 43 45 Korea 22 25 30 34 37 38 37 35 Malaysia 27 30 37 39 39 41 44 49 East Asia Philippines 27 33 36 39 35 33 32 32 Taiwan 34 41 44 45 45 40 35 31 Thailand 24 27 29 30 34 39 41 43 Vietnam 27 27 32 39 Studied countries 40 40 42 42 Bangladesh 9 10 14 21 21 22 24 25 South Asia India 19 19 22 23 24 24 25 24 Pakistan 19 20 21 20 21 22 22 22 Sri Lanka 21 24 26 25 24 23 24 24 Studied countries 18 19 21 23 23 24 24 24 All studied countries 35 37 38 38 Asean 5 40 42 NIE 4 32 31 Services (% GDP) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 26 24 22 23 30 33 35 41 Indonesia 35 36 36 37 41 42 39 40 Korea 48 49 49 53 53 56 58 61 Malaysia 44 41 37 40 42 45 44 42 East Asia Philippines 46 36 35 37 42 45 49 53 Taiwan 47 46 46 47 50 57 62 67 Thailand 46 47 46 50 50 50 50 48 Vietnam 32 40 42 38 Studied countries 41 46 46 48 Bangladesh 36 34 31 49 48 51 51 52 South Asia India 38 39 43 44 47 48 50 55 Pakistan 46 47 50 53 55 55 54 56 Sri Lanka 51 48 46 49 51 54 56 59 Studied countries 39 39 42 45 48 49 51 55 All studied countries 43 46 47 49 Asean 5 48 48 NIE 4 64 67 Agricultural GDP (% world) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 10.6 8.1 8.7 8.4 8.7 13.6 16.6 Indonesia 1.5 2.2 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 Korea 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.7 Malaysia 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 East Asia Philippines 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 Taiwan 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4 Thailand 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 Vietnam 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.7 Studied countries 16.0 17.2 22.5 24.8 Bangladesh 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 India 8.5 7.0 8.3 8.1 7.3 8.3 9.3 South Asia Pakistan 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 Sri Lanka 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Studied countries 10.7 9.1 10.1 9.9 9.3 10.6 11.9 All studied countries 25.9 26.5 33.1 36.7 Asean 5 5.7 5.3 NIE 4 2.7 2.2 Official exchange rate (LCU per US$) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 2.5 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.9 3.5 6.0 8.3 8.3 Indonesia 399.9 462.0 771.1 1498.6 2014.2 5073.8 9102.0 Korea 132.4 274.6 370.7 484.0 720.3 795.4 765.6 1023.5 1202.0 East Asia Malaysia 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.8 Philippines 3.1 3.9 6.5 7.4 10.4 20.5 26.2 32.3 51.4 Taiwan 39.9 40.0 39.2 37.4 38.3 32.9 26.3 29.7 33.5 Thailand 21.0 20.8 20.7 20.4 22.4 26.0 25.4 32.2 41.8 Vietnam 9865.7 12193.1 Bangladesh 14.7 21.1 30.7 38.0 44.4 56.7 South Asia India 4.8 6.7 7.7 8.5 9.5 13.6 25.6 37.7 46.5 Pakistan 4.8 4.8 7.6 9.9 11.8 17.7 25.9 40.7 58.3 Sri Lanka 4.8 5.3 6.2 11.1 21.1 30.5 44.6 60.1 92.0 Black market premium (%) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 236.8 64.5 20.2 35.5 20.0 85.0 159.5 5.0 Indonesia 1760.4 2792.4 3.4 2.2 1.8 9.0 9.9 4.3 Korea 39.9 5.8 47.4 10.7 2.9 6.2 0.5 -0.6 East Asia Malaysia 2.0 1.5 2.3 -0.6 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.4 Philippines 14.0 18.8 6.5 8.2 13.6 3.6 4.6 4.1 Taiwan 1.0 Thailand 2.1 0.0 1.6 -0.7 -2.7 -0.1 1.9 1.7 Vietnam 120.6 97.9 53.5 569.7 370.4 299.0 51.1 1.9 Bangladesh 61.0 81.9 107.4 89.9 56.4 208.2 154.3 12.2 South Asia India 53.7 50.8 44.2 14.5 14.2 12.6 11.8 3.0 Pakistan 61.3 82.4 79.6 25.0 26.7 5.5 7.5 12.0 Sri Lanka 102.8 103.0 85.4 47.6 19.2 15.3 15.0 0.7 Total exports of goods and services ($ billions) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 26.2 43.7 96.3 195.1 417.0 Indonesia 22.4 19.9 36.6 56.2 71.7 Korea, Rep. 14.6 26.3 53.7 90.4 158.3 219.0 Malaysia 4.6 7.3 15.1 20.9 47.9 90.9 110.5 East Asia Philippines 4.6 7.0 8.6 14.8 35.7 40.6 Taiwan 0.8 3.7 11.5 26.3 55.0 91.6 134.4 171.2 Thailand 4.3 8.6 16.2 42.4 71.6 91.4 Vietnam 11.8 18.2 Studied countries 754.1 1139.8 Bangladesh 0.6 1.0 1.4 2.7 5.3 7.7 India 7.5 12.1 15.4 25.5 43.4 67.2 South Asia Pakistan 2.0 3.4 4.8 8.3 10.3 12.9 Sri Lanka 0.8 1.4 1.7 3.1 5.3 6.5 Studied countries 11.0 18.0 23.3 39.6 64.3 94.3 All studied countries 818.4 1234.0 Asean 5 81.3 103.7 227.8 400.0 489.0 NIE 4 647.7 828.3 Total imports of goods and services ($ billions) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 25.0 51.5 92.7 170.7 397.4 Indonesia 19.7 17.5 35.5 54.6 62.2 Korea, Rep. 16.2 29.4 48.7 97.8 155.9 210.1 Malaysia 4.8 6.4 15.9 19.0 50.4 87.4 96.7 East Asia Philippines 6.4 9.5 8.7 19.3 42.7 43.4 Taiwan 1.0 3.9 11.1 24.3 45.1 89.2 131.5 157.5 Thailand 5.7 11.5 18.3 52.9 76.1 89.6 Vietnam 14.4 20.6 Studied countries 733.4 1077.5 Bangladesh 1.6 3.0 3.5 4.7 8.7 11.4 India 8.7 18.3 22.3 30.1 53.9 78.9 South Asia Pakistan 3.9 6.5 7.5 11.2 13.7 15.7 Sri Lanka 1.0 2.3 2.6 4.4 7.0 8.5 Studied countries 15.3 30.1 35.8 50.5 83.3 114.6 All studied countries 816.7 1192.1 Asean 5 87.3 104.0 245.9 403.1 455.8 NIE 4 637.9 783.9 Primary agriculture exports (% primary agriculture and processed food exports)* 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2002 China 62 59 60 58 59 41 41 Indonesia 86 79 77 80 74 49 48 36 Korea, Rep. 61 61 44 38 39 24 17 21 Malaysia 86 75 60 49 47 29 22 18 East Asia Philippines 37 27 32 28 40 30 34 36 Taiwan 32 24 19 22 21 18 21 22 Thailand 54 51 36 33 31 21 25 24 Vietnam 71 77 40 42 38 Studied countries 46 47 32 31 All East Asia 48 47 32 31 Bangladesh 95 89 85 48 32 25 South Asia India 80 70 59 65 69 48 45 42 Sri Lanka 95 94 94 94 92 85 85 86 All South Asia 64 68 72 52 46 45 Asean 5 68 58 55 49 47 31 30 26 NIE 5 58 51 48 45 38 22 21 20 All Asia 51 50 34 33 Agricultural and food exports (% merchandise exports) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 21 19 14 9 5 Indonesia 62 49 35 26 14 21 16 16 15 Korea, Rep. 39 21 12 11 7 5 4 3 2 Malaysia 59 61 64 55 42 36 20 13 10 East Asia Philippines 85 78 69 55 38 27 18 9 6 Taiwan 58 39 20 6 5 4 3 Thailand 86 79 71 67 61 46 29 23 18 Vietnam 32 27 Studied countries 9 7 Bangladesh 37 33 28 17 11 8 India 47 38 37 35 30 22 18 19 13 South Asia Pakistan 72 53 40 38 36 30 18 15 12 Sri Lanka 97 96 91 79 62 47 29 23 23 Studied countries 40 34 26 19 18 13 All studied countries 10 7 Asean 5 64 61 49 38 26 24 16 12 9 NIE 4 39 26 14 7 5 4 2 Other primary goods exports (% merchandise exports) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 25 14 7 5 4 Indonesia 37 48 63 72 80 55 37 29 29 Korea, Rep. 21 9 4 2 3 2 3 5 6 Malaysia 34 32 25 27 35 24 13 8 11 East Asia Philippines 9 16 20 17 15 11 8 4 3 Taiwan 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 Thailand 9 14 11 10 8 3 2 2 4 Vietnam 19 23 Studied countries 7 7 Bangladesh 1 2 1 1 0 0 India 9 11 10 9 16 9 7 4 11 South Asia Pakistan 1 2 2 5 5 1 1 1 2 Sri Lanka 2 2 5 8 13 5 1 0 2 Studied countries 8 13 7 5 3 8 All studied countries 6 7 Asean 5 23 28 33 40 43 25 16 11 11 NIE 4 11 10 8 5 5 5 5 Other manufactures exports (% merchandise exports) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 48 53 79 86 90 Indonesia 0 2 1 2 5 24 47 49 55 Korea, Rep. 40 70 83 87 91 92 93 92 92 Malaysia 5 5 11 17 23 40 66 77 78 East Asia Philippines 5 7 9 18 22 32 46 82 83 Taiwan 39 59 78 92 93 94 94 Thailand 3 4 12 20 28 50 69 73 75 Vietnam 45 48 Studied countries 83 85 Bangladesh 61 64 71 82 88 91 India 43 50 53 55 54 67 73 75 75 South Asia Pakistan 27 45 57 57 58 68 80 84 85 Sri Lanka 1 1 4 9 25 46 67 75 75 Studied countries 52 53 66 75 78 78 All studied countries 83 85 Asean 5 10 10 16 20 26 46 66 75 76 NIE 4 54 62 65 96 90 91 92 Services exports (% total exports of goods and services) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 10 10 10 12 10 Indonesia 2 6 10 10 11 Korea, Rep. 22 13 12 13 16 15 Malaysia 8 7 10 11 12 14 13 East Asia Philippines 20 24 30 31 28 9 Taiwan 18 11 10 8 8 11 12 13 Thailand 16 20 22 22 21 17 Vietnam 21 15 Studied countries 15 12 Bangladesh 15 21 19 18 13 12 India 18 25 23 20 23 29 South Asia Pakistan 19 21 19 19 16 17 Sri Lanka 12 19 18 19 17 20 Studied countries 18 24 22 20 20 25 All studied countries 15 13 Asean 5 15 16 18 18 15 NIE 4 16 16 Primary agriculture imports (% primary agriculture and processed food imports)* 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2002 China 98 93 83 88 67 51 59 Indonesia 30 33 36 45 60 65 52 56 Korea, Rep. 74 78 79 76 80 62 54 45 Malaysia 32 37 39 44 46 43 44 42 East Asia Philippines 39 38 44 42 42 37 34 32 Taiwan 87 86 79 77 68 53 48 48 Thailand 40 59 53 43 52 41 39 38 Vietnam 28 21 13 15 23 Studied countries 68 64 48 48 All East Asia 65 61 46 46 Bangladesh 63 54 46 56 49 48 South Asia India 82 73 50 32 37 63 45 47 Sri Lanka 19 16 16 42 43 33 37 42 All South Asia 51 39 43 53 47 48 Asean 5 46 50 50 48 49 44 41 40 NIE 5 65 67 68 62 59 47 42 39 All Asia 59 56 43 44 Agricultural and food imports (% merchandise imports) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 17 14 10 10 8 Indonesia 18 14 19 12 12 12 17 17 Korea, Rep. 39 30 30 21 18 15 12 10 8 Malaysia 32 28 22 18 13 12 7 7 6 East Asia Philippines 22 20 17 12 11 13 11 10 8 Taiwan 37 28 27 13 11 8 6 Thailand 9 10 10 9 9 10 10 8 8 Vietnam 8 9 Studied countries 10 8 Bangladesh 29 30 29 22 21 24 India 25 35 23 23 12 11 8 10 8 South Asia Pakistan 23 21 28 24 19 21 18 23 17 Sri Lanka 46 45 49 36 18 21 18 17 15 Studied countries 25 16 16 12 14 12 All studied countries 10 8 Asean 5 24 18 16 12 11 9 8 7 NIE 4 42 32 23 14 9 8 6 Other primary goods imports (% merchandise imports) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 6 4 8 10 14 Indonesia 3 5 12 22 13 12 14 24 Korea, Rep. 10 10 16 24 34 22 23 24 29 Malaysia 16 18 14 16 18 11 7 6 9 East Asia Philippines 13 13 18 25 31 20 16 11 13 Taiwan 14 12 9 16 14 13 16 Thailand 12 10 18 27 31 16 11 12 15 Vietnam 11 12 Studied countries 14 17 Bangladesh 18 13 18 15 10 9 India 14 11 25 30 44 27 34 32 39 South Asia Pakistan 9 8 13 20 31 21 21 21 29 Sri Lanka 9 9 10 21 27 16 10 7 15 Studied countries 26 36 24 27 26 33 All studied countries 15 18 Asean 5 13 16 22 27 17 12 10 14 NIE 4 11 11 12 16 12 12 15 Other manufactures imports (% merchandise imports) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 69 69 82 79 78 Indonesia 78 80 70 66 74 76 69 60 Korea, Rep. 51 59 54 55 48 63 64 65 63 Malaysia 48 52 63 65 69 77 84 85 83 East Asia Philippines 64 66 62 54 43 47 59 75 78 Taiwan 48 60 63 69 73 75 77 Thailand 76 75 69 61 56 70 77 79 76 Vietnam 77 74 Studied countries 75 74 Bangladesh 53 56 53 62 68 64 India 60 51 51 47 44 58 51 53 52 South Asia Pakistan 68 72 58 56 51 58 60 55 54 Sri Lanka 45 45 40 43 54 63 72 77 70 Studied countries 50 48 58 56 57 55 All studied countries 74 72 Asean 5 61 65 60 58 69 77 80 76 NIE 4 51 57 54 78 77 79 79 Services imports (% total imports of goods and services) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 9 6 10 16 13 Indonesia 23 27 24 26 30 Korea, Rep. 15 12 11 14 18 18 Malaysia 15 19 22 21 16 18 17 East Asia Philippines 16 17 13 14 23 12 Taiwan 17 14 14 16 19 21 19 17 Thailand 16 16 15 20 21 20 Vietnam 20 17 Studied countries 19 16 Bangladesh 15 15 16 18 15 14 India 16 19 21 22 24 27 South Asia Pakistan 15 15 18 22 20 20 Sri Lanka 14 17 20 19 19 20 Studied countries 16 17 20 21 22 24 All studied countries 19 17 Asean 5 17 17 16 19 20 NIE 4 15 16 Total exports of goods and services (% GDP) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 11 14 22 21 28 Indonesia 25 23 26 32 35 Korea, Rep. 32 34 35 27 33 39 Malaysia 46 49 53 63 82 103 117 East Asia Philippines 20 21 25 28 47 53 Taiwan 23 40 49 53 54 45 48 59 Thailand 21 23 30 38 49 68 Vietnam 44 55 Studied countries 34 39 Bangladesh 5 5 6 8 13 15 India 6 6 6 9 11 13 South Asia Pakistan 12 12 14 17 16 16 Sri Lanka 24 29 26 32 36 37 Studied countries 7 7 7 11 12 14 All studied countries 30 34 Asean 5 40 45 54 70 80 NIE 4 65 75 Total imports of goods and services (% GDP) 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 11 17 22 18 26 Indonesia 22 20 25 31 30 Korea, Rep. 35 38 32 29 33 37 Malaysia 48 43 56 57 86 99 102 East Asia Philippines 27 28 25 37 56 56 Taiwan 26 43 48 49 44 44 47 54 Thailand 28 31 34 47 52 67 Vietnam 54 63 Studied countries 33 37 Bangladesh 13 16 15 15 21 23 India 7 9 8 11 13 15 South Asia Pakistan 24 23 22 24 22 20 Sri Lanka 30 46 39 45 48 49 Studied countries 10 12 11 13 16 17 All studied countries 30 33 Asean 5 43 45 59 70 75 NIE 4 64 71 (X-M)/(X+M): primary agriculture* 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2002 China 0.00 -0.02 0.03 -0.16 0.24 0.04 -0.05 Indonesia 0.82 0.69 0.62 0.49 0.56 0.19 0.23 0.08 Korea, Rep. -0.66 -0.67 -0.67 -0.76 -0.72 -0.79 -0.81 -0.78 Malaysia 0.71 0.69 0.65 0.50 0.48 0.11 -0.03 -0.18 East Asia Philippines 0.47 0.45 0.47 0.31 0.34 0.00 -0.12 -0.10 Taiwan -0.21 -0.58 -0.68 -0.68 -0.68 -0.61 -0.67 -0.72 Thailand 0.78 0.70 0.68 0.69 0.60 0.29 0.40 0.38 Vietnam 0.43 0.87 0.87 0.78 0.61 Studied countries 0.00 0.08 -0.08 -0.12 All East Asia -0.01 0.06 -0.09 -0.14 Bangladesh -0.34 -0.34 -0.36 -0.48 -0.61 -0.69 South Asia India -0.20 0.08 0.22 0.46 0.42 0.36 0.40 0.24 Sri Lanka 0.84 0.83 0.84 0.63 0.52 0.47 0.43 0.45 All South Asia 0.16 0.31 0.27 0.13 0.12 0.07 Asean 5 0.54 0.45 0.42 0.34 0.36 0.11 0.11 0.03 NIE 5 -0.35 -0.49 -0.50 -0.54 -0.58 -0.67 -0.71 -0.75 All Asia -0.02 0.02 -0.11 -0.15 (X-M)/(X+M): processed food* 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2002 China 0.93 0.80 0.54 0.58 0.38 0.23 0.30 Indonesia 0.00 -0.12 -0.19 -0.23 0.30 0.47 0.31 0.46 Korea, Rep. -0.46 -0.38 -0.04 -0.17 0.02 -0.23 -0.24 -0.44 Malaysia -0.37 0.03 0.32 0.41 0.47 0.41 0.45 0.39 East Asia Philippines 0.50 0.63 0.65 0.55 0.37 0.17 -0.12 -0.20 Taiwan 0.80 0.67 0.49 0.38 0.20 0.10 -0.19 -0.31 Thailand 0.63 0.77 0.83 0.78 0.81 0.66 0.63 0.63 Vietnam -0.22 0.08 0.52 0.33 0.35 Studied countries 0.42 0.41 0.24 0.22 All East Asia 0.32 0.32 0.19 0.18 Bangladesh -0.90 -0.86 -0.87 -0.30 -0.34 -0.33 South Asia India -0.13 0.15 0.10 -0.20 -0.21 0.57 0.40 0.34 Sri Lanka -0.74 -0.79 -0.79 -0.64 -0.65 -0.64 -0.58 -0.54 All South Asia -0.10 -0.26 -0.34 0.14 0.13 0.13 Asean 5 0.14 0.30 0.34 0.33 0.39 0.37 0.34 0.33 NIE 5 -0.22 -0.20 -0.14 -0.24 -0.23 -0.25 -0.37 -0.47 All Asia 0.14 0.13 0.08 0.09 (X-M)/(X+M): agriculture and food 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 0.09 0.07 0.19 0.01 -0.16 Indonesia 0.48 0.56 0.42 0.30 0.43 0.26 0.11 0.16 Korea, Rep. -0.68 -0.63 -0.59 -0.41 -0.51 -0.45 -0.53 -0.50 -0.53 Malaysia 0.32 0.44 0.53 0.60 0.55 0.56 0.46 0.36 0.29 East Asia Philippines 0.53 0.47 0.54 0.51 0.41 0.25 0.01 -0.19 -0.18 Taiwan 0.18 0.08 -0.14 -0.27 -0.27 -0.36 -0.35 Thailand 0.77 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.67 0.57 0.41 0.46 0.44 Vietnam 0.55 0.44 Studied countries 0.02 -0.03 Bangladesh -0.37 -0.49 -0.46 -0.41 -0.51 -0.62 India 0.06 -0.18 0.17 0.13 0.19 0.16 0.35 0.23 0.10 South Asia Pakistan 0.16 0.20 0.03 -0.13 -0.03 -0.05 -0.15 -0.33 -0.24 Sri Lanka 0.38 0.34 0.22 0.30 0.34 0.21 0.05 0.04 0.08 Studied countries 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.10 0.01 -0.06 All studied countries 0.02 -0.03 Asean 5 0.38 0.43 0.42 0.37 0.37 0.26 0.20 0.20 NIE 4 -0.22 -0.26 -0.35 -0.29 -0.31 -0.34 -0.39 (X-M)/(X+M): other primary goods 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 0.60 0.45 -0.02 -0.22 -0.48 Indonesia 0.88 0.89 0.83 0.70 0.72 0.58 0.44 0.29 Korea, Rep. -0.42 -0.54 -0.74 -0.88 -0.87 -0.79 -0.80 -0.66 -0.64 Malaysia 0.38 0.37 0.32 0.37 0.37 0.47 0.30 0.21 0.22 East Asia Philippines -0.27 -0.06 -0.05 -0.39 -0.51 -0.40 -0.53 -0.60 -0.64 Taiwan -0.67 -0.73 -0.70 -0.76 -0.75 -0.69 -0.62 Thailand -0.23 -0.06 -0.37 -0.56 -0.69 -0.75 -0.80 -0.67 -0.58 Vietnam 0.18 0.26 Studied countries -0.30 -0.37 Bangladesh -0.95 -0.91 -0.95 -0.92 -0.96 -0.95 India -0.45 -0.21 -0.48 -0.59 -0.66 -0.62 -0.71 -0.82 -0.63 South Asia Pakistan -0.92 -0.79 -0.79 -0.80 -0.85 -0.93 -0.90 -0.93 -0.87 Sri Lanka -0.66 -0.65 -0.42 -0.50 -0.56 -0.63 -0.86 -0.94 -0.80 Studied countries -0.64 -0.68 -0.69 -0.76 -0.85 -0.67 All studied countries -0.37 -0.41 Asean 5 0.29 0.32 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.09 0.02 -0.05 NIE 4 -0.19 -0.19 -0.30 -0.49 -0.47 -0.45 -0.50 (X-M)/(X+M): other manufactures 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China -0.21 -0.23 -0.01 0.13 0.11 Indonesia -0.96 -0.96 -0.91 -0.79 -0.35 -0.14 -0.07 0.15 Korea, Rep. -0.74 -0.43 -0.02 0.13 0.25 0.23 0.15 0.19 0.23 Malaysia -0.80 -0.78 -0.68 -0.49 -0.47 -0.21 -0.12 -0.01 0.06 East Asia Philippines -0.88 -0.87 -0.77 -0.64 -0.48 -0.30 -0.35 -0.08 0.02 Taiwan -0.16 -0.09 0.11 0.25 0.19 0.16 0.16 Thailand -0.93 -0.94 -0.77 -0.61 -0.47 -0.24 -0.18 -0.07 0.03 Vietnam -0.33 -0.28 Studied countries 0.09 0.12 Bangladesh -0.40 -0.48 -0.33 -0.17 -0.11 -0.01 India -0.38 -0.23 -0.05 0.00 -0.14 -0.13 0.11 0.08 0.08 South Asia Pakistan -0.70 -0.46 -0.16 -0.34 -0.28 -0.15 0.00 0.09 0.14 Sri Lanka -0.93 -0.95 -0.86 -0.71 -0.56 -0.34 -0.21 -0.14 -0.10 Studied countries -0.15 -0.24 -0.16 0.03 0.04 0.07 All studied countries 0.08 0.12 Asean 5 -0.75 -0.64 -0.50 -0.40 -0.19 -0.12 -0.03 0.06 NIE 4 -0.16 -0.12 -0.03 0.13 0.06 0.07 0.10 (X-M)/(X+M): services 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 0.06 0.17 0.04 -0.08 -0.08 Indonesia -0.80 -0.60 -0.41 -0.43 -0.40 Korea, Rep. 0.13 -0.01 0.11 -0.07 -0.05 -0.09 Malaysia -0.30 -0.39 -0.38 -0.27 -0.17 -0.09 -0.08 East Asia Philippines -0.04 0.04 0.39 0.26 0.02 -0.19 Taiwan -0.04 -0.15 -0.15 -0.27 -0.30 -0.28 -0.19 -0.09 Thailand -0.13 -0.02 0.11 -0.07 -0.04 -0.07 Vietnam -0.08 -0.10 Studied countries -0.11 -0.11 Bangladesh -0.44 -0.36 -0.36 -0.26 -0.31 -0.29 India -0.02 -0.06 -0.14 -0.13 -0.14 -0.06 South Asia Pakistan -0.21 -0.14 -0.19 -0.22 -0.24 -0.17 Sri Lanka -0.20 -0.16 -0.25 -0.16 -0.20 -0.14 Studied countries -0.10 -0.10 -0.17 -0.16 -0.17 -0.08 All studied countries -0.11 -0.11 Asean 5 -0.10 -0.05 -0.01 -0.05 -0.10 NIE 4 0.02 0.04 RCA: agriculture and food 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.6 Indonesia 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.7 Korea, Rep. 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Malaysia 2.0 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.1 East Asia Philippines 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.4 0.8 0.7 Taiwan 2.0 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 Thailand 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.1 2.3 2.1 2.0 Vietnam 3.1 3.0 Studied countries 0.9 0.7 Bangladesh 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.3 1.0 0.9 India 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.4 South Asia Pakistan 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 Sri Lanka 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Studied countries 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.4 All studied countries 0.9 0.8 Asean 5 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 NIE 4 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 RCA: other primary goods 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 Indonesia 2.9 3.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.3 3.3 2.7 2.5 Korea, Rep. 1.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 Malaysia 2.9 2.5 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.2 0.8 1.0 East Asia Philippines 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.3 Taiwan 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 Thailand 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 Vietnam 1.8 2.0 Studied countries 0.6 0.6 Bangladesh 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 India 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.9 South Asia Pakistan 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Sri Lanka 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 Studied countries 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.7 All studied countries 0.6 0.6 Asean 5 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 NIE 4 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 RCA: other manufactures 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 Indonesia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 Korea, Rep. 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 Malaysia 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 East Asia Philippines 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.1 Taiwan 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 Thailand 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 Vietnam 0.6 0.6 Studied countries 1.1 1.1 Bangladesh 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 India 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 South Asia Pakistan 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 Sri Lanka 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 Studied countries 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 All studied countries 1.1 1.1 Asean 5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 NIE 4 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 Share of world exports (%): agriculture and food 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 1.78 2.08 2.46 2.50 3.05 Indonesia 1.02 0.64 0.96 1.22 1.00 1.08 1.11 1.42 1.54 Korea, Rep. 0.07 0.13 0.26 0.49 0.47 0.67 0.67 0.76 0.68 Malaysia 1.32 1.47 1.46 1.64 1.79 1.83 1.76 1.75 1.53 East Asia Philippines 1.15 1.13 0.99 0.77 0.63 0.45 0.39 0.38 0.35 Taiwan 0.42 0.48 0.47 0.91 0.91 0.72 0.59 Thailand 0.97 0.95 0.87 1.07 1.32 1.56 1.99 2.19 2.17 Vietnam 0.56 0.75 Studied countries 10.27 10.50 Bangladesh 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 India 1.63 1.21 0.91 0.95 0.86 0.72 0.77 1.09 1.07 South Asia Pakistan 0.68 0.47 0.33 0.25 0.31 0.33 0.25 0.21 0.20 Sri Lanka 0.81 0.61 0.34 0.26 0.22 0.18 0.15 0.19 0.18 Studied countries 1.55 1.47 1.31 1.25 1.57 1.54 All studied countries 11.84 12.04 Asean 5 5.69 5.18 5.15 5.60 5.73 5.80 6.22 6.61 6.02 NIE 4 1.94 1.80 1.65 3.51 3.73 3.52 2.61 Share of world exports (%): other primary goods 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 2.10 1.82 1.41 1.58 2.03 Indonesia 1.43 1.16 2.84 4.26 5.33 3.27 2.86 2.52 2.25 Korea, Rep. 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.18 0.35 0.49 1.10 1.32 Malaysia 1.89 1.55 0.93 1.01 1.43 1.42 1.31 1.15 1.36 East Asia Philippines 0.30 0.46 0.47 0.29 0.24 0.21 0.19 0.16 0.13 Taiwan 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.30 0.33 0.44 0.62 Thailand 0.25 0.33 0.23 0.20 0.17 0.11 0.12 0.24 0.34 Vietnam 0.32 0.49 Studied countries 7.51 8.51 Bangladesh 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 India 0.76 0.70 0.40 0.31 0.43 0.35 0.32 0.22 0.68 South Asia Pakistan 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 Sri Lanka 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 Studied countries 0.39 0.52 0.40 0.35 0.24 0.73 All studied countries 7.75 9.24 Asean 5 5.01 4.76 5.72 7.23 9.05 6.96 6.85 6.08 5.76 NIE 4 1.32 1.40 1.51 2.99 3.73 4.31 4.03 Share of world exports (%): other manufactures 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 1.01 1.23 2.43 3.55 6.12 Indonesia 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.26 0.55 0.59 0.64 Korea, Rep. 0.04 0.19 0.60 1.18 1.71 2.53 2.61 2.93 3.11 Malaysia 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.44 0.99 1.44 1.46 East Asia Philippines 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.17 0.51 0.56 Taiwan 0.14 0.31 0.64 2.81 2.69 2.66 2.54 Thailand 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.16 0.36 0.82 0.99 1.04 Vietnam 0.10 0.16 Studied countries 12.77 15.55 Bangladesh 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.11 India 0.77 0.66 0.45 0.46 0.40 0.46 0.53 0.60 0.73 South Asia Pakistan 0.13 0.17 0.16 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.20 0.17 0.17 Sri Lanka 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.07 Studied countries 0.63 0.60 0.70 0.85 0.95 1.07 All studied countries 13.73 16.62 Asean 5 0.45 0.36 0.57 0.88 1.46 2.37 4.44 5.93 5.81 NIE 4 1.33 1.81 2.59 9.96 11.10 11.98 11.62 Share of world exports (%): services 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 0.64 0.72 1.01 1.66 2.37 Indonesia 0.13 0.21 0.35 0.41 0.45 Korea, Rep. 1.19 0.84 1.15 1.22 1.81 1.81 Malaysia 0.22 0.39 0.40 0.59 0.95 0.85 East Asia Philippines 0.33 0.42 0.45 0.47 0.72 0.20 Taiwan 0.46 0.54 0.81 1.06 1.19 1.23 Thailand 0.28 0.43 0.61 0.93 1.09 0.86 Vietnam 0.18 0.18 Studied countries 8.01 7.87 Bangladesh 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 India 0.55 0.75 0.62 0.52 0.71 1.15 South Asia Pakistan 0.14 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.12 0.12 Sri Lanka 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 Studied countries 0.78 1.05 0.88 0.79 0.95 1.32 All studied countries 8.96 9.19 Asean 5 3.04 2.79 4.05 5.13 4.14 NIE 4 7.47 7.42 Share of world exports (%): goods and services 1960-1964 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 China 1.17 1.44 2.02 2.85 4.66 Indonesia 0.98 0.65 0.77 0.82 0.80 Korea, Rep. 0.96 1.14 1.77 1.89 2.31 2.45 Malaysia 0.51 0.65 0.69 1.00 1.33 1.32 East Asia Philippines 0.29 0.30 0.28 0.31 0.52 0.45 Taiwan 0.81 1.14 1.81 1.92 1.96 1.91 Thailand 0.30 0.37 0.53 0.89 1.04 1.02 Vietnam 0.17 0.23 Studied countries 11.00 12.73 Bangladesh 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 India 0.53 0.53 0.51 0.53 0.63 0.81 South Asia Pakistan 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.14 Sri Lanka 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.07 Studied countries 0.77 0.78 0.77 0.83 0.94 1.05 All studied countries 11.94 13.78 Asean 5 3.53 3.41 4.77 5.84 5.46 NIE 4 9.45 9.25 Trade weighted applied tariff, 2001* Non - Primary Agriculture Primary Agriculture Processed Food Other Primary Other Manufacturing Total China 50.8 18.3 0.4 12.7 12.1 Indonesia 1.8 9.1 0.3 5.0 5.0 Korea, Rep. 146.5 26.2 3.8 4.7 5.4 Malaysia 27.4 10.1 1.4 4.8 4.9 East Asia Philippines 6.0 11.1 3.1 2.4 3.0 Taiwan 5.5 20.2 2.0 3.4 3.8 Thailand 13.6 39.1 0.4 9.6 10.0 Vietnam 11.3 43.7 3.8 14.5 16.7 Studied countries 52.2 21.2 2.2 8.0 7.9 All East Asia 42.4 15.8 2.0 6.0 6.1 Bangladesh 6.4 19.9 21.6 19.8 19.9 India 25.5 76.4 15.5 27.9 26.9 South Asia Pakistan 13.4 41.4 15.3 16.2 18.0 Sri Lanka 14.0 14.8 0.4 5.2 5.6 All South Asia 17.8 51.1 15.2 22.9 23.1 Asean 5 9.9 13.5 0.8 3.6 3.8 NIE 4 59.8 12.4 2.8 2.1 2.5 All Asia 38.8 19.9 4.3 7.2 7.4 Domestic production in 2001 (% world) - A Rice Other coarse Sugar, raw Cotton Soya Other (paddy Wheat Maize Barley Palm oil Cassava Bananas grains equiv. seed beans Oilseeds equiv.) China 30.0 15.9 18.6 2.0 5.0 6.1 28.4 8.7 0.9 23.9 2.1 8.1 Indonesia 8.4 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.5 32.9 0.6 9.3 5.5 Korea 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Malaysia 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 48.1 0.2 0.2 0.8 East Asia Philippines 2.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.9 7.5 Taiwan 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 Thailand 4.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 3.3 0.1 0.2 2.4 0.3 10.0 2.6 Vietnam 5.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.5 1.7 Studied countries 52.4 16.0 21.9 2.3 5.1 13.3 28.6 9.5 84.6 25.1 24.1 26.5 Bangladesh 6.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.9 India 23.4 11.8 2.2 1.0 12.0 17.2 10.6 3.3 9.5 3.8 24.4 South Asia Pakistan 1.0 3.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.9 9.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.2 Sri Lanka 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Studied countries 30.9 15.3 2.4 1.1 12.3 19.7 20.3 3.3 0.0 10.5 3.9 25.5 All studied countries 83.2 31.3 24.4 3.4 17.4 33.0 48.9 12.9 84.6 35.6 27.9 52.1 Asia All 91.1 41.8 25.8 14.7 18.9 36.6 63.6 13.4 84.6 38.0 28.1 52.6 Domestic production in 2001 (% world) - B Groundnuts Wool Cocoa Coconuts - Bovine Mutton & Poultry Coffee Tea (shelled Tobacco Milk, whole Pigmeat (clean Beans Incl Copra Meat goat meat meat equiv.) equiv.) China 0.2 0.0 0.5 18.1 40.2 38.1 2.5 9.3 25.7 47.1 18.2 12.5 Indonesia 7.3 12.6 29.6 4.1 3.5 2.2 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.2 0.6 Korea 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.0 1.0 0.6 0.0 Malaysia 0.3 1.9 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 East Asia Philippines 1.8 0.2 25.8 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.9 0.0 Taiwan 0.5 0.2 0.1 Thailand 1.2 0.0 2.7 0.1 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.9 0.0 Vietnam 11.7 0.0 1.9 2.1 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.6 0.5 0.0 Studied countries 22.6 14.7 62.0 25.1 45.3 43.7 3.2 11.5 26.8 52.0 24.4 13.2 Bangladesh 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 India 4.2 0.2 18.2 21.3 19.1 7.9 14.3 4.9 6.1 0.7 1.8 2.5 South Asia Pakistan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.4 4.9 1.5 4.6 0.0 0.5 1.8 Sri Lanka 0.1 0.1 4.2 7.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Studied countries 4.3 0.3 22.5 30.0 19.4 10.0 19.6 6.8 11.9 0.7 2.5 4.3 All studied countries 26.9 15.1 84.5 55.0 64.7 53.6 22.8 18.3 38.6 52.7 26.9 17.5 Asia All 27.4 15.1 85.2 62.8 67.1 62.0 30.4 23.3 55.1 54.9 33.2 29.4 Domestic apparent consumption in 2001 (% world) - A Rice Other coarse Sugar, raw Cotton Soya Other (paddy Wheat Maize Barley Palm oil Cassava Bananas grains equiv. seed beans Oilseeds equiv.) China 31.7 17.3 18.9 4.0 4.9 7.0 28.0 17.6 11.3 25.2 6.3 8.9 Indonesia 9.3 0.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.1 1.1 13.6 0.6 8.9 5.6 Korea 1.2 0.6 1.3 0.4 0.0 1.1 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.1 0.8 0.3 Malaysia 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 East Asia Philippines 2.3 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 1.0 4.4 Taiwan Thailand 2.5 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.7 1.7 0.3 1.2 2.4 Vietnam 4.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.0 1.3 1.7 Studied countries 51.5 19.3 24.1 5.1 5.4 14.2 28.8 20.9 30.3 26.5 19.7 24.0 Bangladesh 6.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.9 India 21.7 11.4 2.1 1.1 12.0 15.6 11.3 3.4 13.4 8.6 3.7 24.8 South Asia Pakistan 0.6 3.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 2.4 10.3 0.1 5.4 1.0 0.0 0.2 Sri Lanka 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 Studied countries 28.8 15.7 2.4 1.1 12.2 19.0 21.6 3.5 20.6 10.4 3.9 25.9 All studied countries 80.3 35.0 26.5 6.2 17.7 33.2 50.4 24.4 50.9 36.9 23.6 49.9 Asia All 89.1 48.5 31.5 21.6 20.9 41.8 66.4 28.7 58.8 42.6 24.1 53.0 Domestic apparent consumption in 2001 (% world) - B Groundnuts Wool Cocoa Coconuts - Bovine Mutton & Poultry Coffee Tea (shelled Tobacco Milk, whole Pigmeat (clean Beans Incl Copra Meat goat meat meat equiv.) equiv.) China 0.5 1.4 0.7 12.7 38.2 36.8 2.6 9.6 26.3 47.2 19.2 20.4 Indonesia 3.9 1.1 28.3 1.7 3.8 1.9 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.2 0.6 Korea 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.0 1.1 0.8 0.7 Malaysia 0.0 0.1 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.1 East Asia Philippines 2.2 1.4 26.9 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.3 1.2 0.9 0.0 Taiwan Thailand 0.6 0.4 2.6 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.3 0.3 Vietnam 0.3 0.1 1.7 0.4 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.5 0.5 0.0 Studied countries 8.2 5.1 61.7 15.3 43.7 43.2 3.5 12.6 27.5 52.2 25.0 22.1 Bangladesh 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.2 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 India 1.1 0.3 17.7 17.6 18.9 6.4 14.4 4.5 6.1 0.6 1.8 4.6 South Asia Pakistan 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.8 0.3 1.3 5.0 1.5 4.6 0.0 0.5 1.9 Sri Lanka 0.1 0.1 3.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Studied countries 1.3 0.6 21.8 21.6 19.3 8.5 20.0 6.4 11.9 0.7 2.6 6.6 All studied countries 9.5 5.6 83.5 36.9 63.0 51.7 23.4 19.0 39.4 52.8 27.6 28.7 Asia All 18.5 12.7 84.7 52.7 66.1 63.7 31.4 25.6 56.8 56.3 36.1 40.8 Export in 2001 (% world) - A Rice Other coarse Sugar, raw Cotton Soya Other (paddy Wheat Maize Barley Palm oil Cassava Bananas grains equiv. seed beans Oilseeds equiv.) China 7.5 0.8 7.5 0.3 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.3 Indonesia 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 26.7 0.1 4.2 0.1 Korea 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Malaysia 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 55.6 0.1 0.0 0.2 East Asia Philippines 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.1 Taiwan Thailand 28.5 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.2 6.9 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.0 85.5 1.2 Vietnam 13.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 2.1 0.0 Studied countries 49.8 1.2 8.5 0.4 1.6 10.0 0.7 0.7 84.2 0.9 93.0 15.9 Bangladesh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 India 8.1 2.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 South Asia Pakistan 8.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Sri Lanka 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Studied countries 16.8 2.9 0.2 0.0 0.2 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 All studied countries 66.6 4.1 8.6 0.4 1.8 13.2 0.7 0.7 84.5 1.5 93.0 16.0 Asia All 72.7 8.4 8.9 2.0 2.2 16.1 5.7 0.7 86.0 2.0 93.0 16.6 Export in 2001 (% world) - B Groundnuts Wool Cocoa Coconuts - Bovine Mutton & Poultry Coffee Tea (shelled Tobacco Milk, whole Pigmeat (clean Beans Incl Copra Meat goat meat meat equiv.) equiv.) China 0.5 0.2 0.1 16.0 40.9 6.4 1.0 1.1 0.4 3.8 13.4 1.9 Indonesia 3.8 7.2 14.5 6.1 0.7 2.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Korea 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 Malaysia 1.4 3.2 3.4 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 East Asia Philippines 0.0 0.1 26.7 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Taiwan Thailand 1.1 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 4.9 0.0 Vietnam 13.2 0.0 3.3 4.1 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 Studied countries 20.2 11.1 48.9 26.6 46.2 11.3 3.4 1.3 0.4 5.2 18.4 1.9 Bangladesh 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 India 3.2 0.0 0.1 10.8 7.5 2.9 0.1 3.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 South Asia Pakistan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 Sri Lanka 0.0 0.0 16.7 17.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Studied countries 3.2 0.0 17.0 29.0 7.6 3.2 0.1 3.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 All studied countries 23.4 11.1 65.9 55.6 53.9 14.5 3.5 4.6 1.0 5.3 18.4 2.0 Asia All 24.2 12.0 67.1 58.4 55.4 22.2 3.8 5.1 1.4 5.4 19.0 6.1 Shares of domestic production in 2001 (% domestic production value) - A Rice Other coarse Sugar, raw Cotton Soya Other (paddy Wheat Maize Barley Palm oil Cassava Bananas grains equiv. seed beans Oilseeds equiv.) China 15 7 6 0 0 0 3 2 0 3 0 1 Indonesia 42 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 4 5 Korea 26 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Malaysia 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 1 1 4 East Asia Philippines 24 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 15 Taiwan 55 6 0 1 0 0 9 Thailand 42 0 5 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 8 4 Vietnam 47 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 Studied countries 20 6 6 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 1 2 Bangladesh 72 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 India 25 12 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 0 5 South Asia Pakistan 5 15 1 0 0 0 11 0 1 0 0 Sri Lanka 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Studied countries 25 11 1 0 2 1 3 1 0 2 0 4 All studied countries 22 7 4 0 1 0 3 2 0 2 1 2 Asia All 21 8 4 1 1 0 3 1 0 2 1 2 Shares of domestic production in 2001 (% domestic production value) - B Groundnuts Wool Cocoa Coconuts - Bovine Mutton & Poultry Coffee Tea (shelled Tobacco Milk, whole Pigmeat (clean Beans Incl Copra Meat goat meat meat equiv.) equiv.) China 0 0 0 1 3 4 2 6 3 33 9 0 Indonesia 5 3 7 2 3 2 1 4 1 4 6 0 Korea 0 0 0 0 0 4 14 11 0 30 13 0 Malaysia 1 3 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 8 34 0 East Asia Philippines 3 0 14 0 0 2 0 7 1 18 10 0 Taiwan 7 6 16 Thailand 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 5 0 7 18 0 Vietnam 13 0 1 2 1 1 0 4 0 19 5 0 Studied countries 1 0 1 1 3 4 2 6 3 28 10 0 Bangladesh 0 0 0 1 0 2 7 5 4 0 2 0 India 1 0 1 2 3 2 26 7 2 1 2 0 South Asia Pakistan 0 0 0 0 2 44 11 6 0 3 0 Sri Lanka 1 0 12 40 0 1 5 5 0 0 7 0 Studied countries 0 0 1 2 3 2 27 8 3 1 2 0 All studied countries 1 0 1 1 3 3 10 7 3 19 7 0 Asia All 1 0 1 1 3 3 12 7 3 17 8 0 Shares of apparent consumption in 2001 (% domestic app. consumption value) - A Rice Other coarse Sugar, raw Cotton Soya Other (paddy Wheat Maize Barley Palm oil Cassava Bananas grains equiv. seed beans Oilseeds equiv.) China 16 8 6 0 1 0 3 3 0 3 0 1 Indonesia 48 2 6 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 4 4 Korea 15 7 12 1 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 1 Malaysia 16 5 7 0 2 1 0 4 1 1 1 4 East Asia Philippines 25 4 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 7 Taiwan Thailand 35 2 6 1 0 1 0 4 0 1 1 5 Vietnam 49 2 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 Studied countries 20 7 6 0 0 0 2 3 0 3 1 1 Bangladesh 68 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 India 25 12 2 0 3 1 3 2 0 2 0 4 South Asia Pakistan 3 17 1 0 0 0 11 0 0 1 0 0 Sri Lanka 39 10 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Studied countries 25 12 1 0 2 0 4 1 0 2 0 3 All studied countries 21 9 5 0 1 0 3 3 0 2 0 2 Asia All 20 10 5 1 1 0 3 3 0 2 0 2 Shares of apparent consumption in 2001 (% domestic app. consumption value) - B Groundnuts Wool Cocoa Coconuts - Bovine Mutton & Poultry Coffee Tea (shelled Tobacco Milk, whole Pigmeat (clean Beans Incl Copra Meat goat meat meat equiv.) equiv.) China 0 0 0 0 3 5 2 7 3 30 8 0 Indonesia 2 0 7 1 3 2 1 5 1 3 5 0 Korea 1 0 0 0 0 3 9 14 0 19 8 0 Malaysia 0 0 2 1 1 3 5 10 1 7 29 0 East Asia Philippines 3 1 13 0 0 3 1 9 1 17 8 0 Taiwan Thailand 1 0 2 0 1 3 3 8 0 10 16 0 Vietnam 0 0 1 0 1 4 0 6 0 23 5 0 Studied countries 0 0 1 0 3 4 2 7 3 26 8 0 Bangladesh 0 0 0 1 0 2 7 5 3 0 2 0 India 0 0 1 2 3 2 27 7 2 1 2 0 South Asia Pakistan 0 0 0 1 0 2 43 11 6 0 2 0 Sri Lanka 1 1 12 1 0 2 15 6 0 0 8 Studied countries 0 0 1 1 3 2 28 8 2 1 2 0 All studied countries 0 0 1 1 3 4 10 7 3 18 6 0 Asia All 0 0 1 1 2 4 11 8 3 16 7 0 Bangladesh - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 0.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 17.8 6.3 5.0 WHT 0.0 30.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 7.5 7.5 6.0 GRO 0.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.9 V_F 134.0 100.0 10.6 10.6 10.7 11.7 15.8 12.2 OSD 50.0 60.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 8.5 5.1 0.5 Primary agriculture C_B PFB 20.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OCR 108.5 80.8 26.1 26.1 26.2 23.5 21.4 20.4 CTL 38.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 7.5 6.9 5.5 OAP 30.6 42.5 13.5 13.5 18.6 16.8 10.9 11.8 WOL 100.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 5.9 3.8 Primary 23.8 40.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.5 5.9 4.5 agriculture CMT 59.2 62.4 25.0 25.0 25.0 24.5 29.3 24.5 OMT 100.0 69.7 25.4 25.4 24.8 22.3 7.0 7.4 VOL 100.6 60.3 14.8 14.8 14.8 21.8 8.2 5.6 Processed food MIL 50.9 60.4 37.5 37.5 33.7 32.3 29.8 25.0 PCR 0.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 22.5 7.5 6.0 SGR 100.0 100.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 32.1 30.0 25.0 OFD 120.2 87.1 16.6 16.6 16.1 15.0 12.7 10.9 B_T 308.3 231.1 37.5 37.5 37.5 32.5 30.0 25.0 Processed 83.5 60.2 15.7 15.7 16.0 22.8 12.7 9.9 food Primary non 105 82.3 20.4 20.0 20.3 20.5 17.1 64.5 agriculture China - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 0.0 0.0 0.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 68.0 68.0 33.0 WHT 0.0 0.0 0.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 68.0 68.0 33.0 GRO 3.0 3.0 3.0 95.4 91.0 86.2 83.3 90.9 91.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 V_F 35.1 38.8 38.6 29.3 22.3 21.9 25.4 26.8 22.5 15.2 12.7 5.6 OSD 5.9 5.7 35.4 113.1 111.2 88.2 82.8 96.9 104.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 Primary agriculture C_B 50.0 35.0 12.5 12.9 15.0 15.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 PFB 3.0 5.4 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3 84.4 83.0 46.3 46.7 26.7 OCR 36.3 32.9 32.4 28.8 21.4 16.9 19.6 25.0 24.3 11.3 7.9 7.7 CTL 14.1 12.0 3.6 0.1 3.1 1.5 3.3 3.8 1.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 OAP 39.3 41.1 27.6 14.0 10.3 9.8 10.2 9.7 9.0 9.0 8.7 8.4 WOL 16.1 15.6 15.8 14.8 14.6 14.8 14.7 14.7 14.8 37.0 37.2 19.2 Primary 8.8 13.1 9.4 61.4 45.0 52.7 53.5 65.0 66.4 12.3 20.8 12.0 agriculture CMT 35.7 18.9 18.2 15.4 11.3 12.7 13.5 14.3 15.5 11.7 10.6 10.6 OMT 46.7 43.0 44.8 41.2 18.9 15.2 18.9 18.6 19.3 12.1 11.8 4.3 VOL 26.8 26.9 18.7 63.1 49.6 46.2 57.7 39.4 32.6 33.1 33.2 12.9 Processed food MIL 32.3 30.8 28.2 21.5 15.3 17.3 20.1 19.5 18.3 12.6 10.7 9.2 PCR 0.0 0.0 0.0 110.6 111.1 112.8 114.0 114.0 114.0 68.0 68.0 33.0 SGR 30.2 31.1 30.5 30.0 29.9 28.3 20.8 77.9 84.6 57.1 56.0 31.7 OFD 26.9 30.6 29.8 21.4 15.2 17.7 19.1 18.2 18.3 12.3 10.9 10.1 B_T 135.6 135.9 88.9 69.4 63.7 63.7 63.0 63.8 57.4 25.5 20.3 14.4 Processed 36.1 41.1 24.1 48.8 38.5 36.6 34.6 27.6 28.1 21.8 22.6 12.3 food Primary non 33.4 31.5 28.9 18.1 14.8 14.6 13.6 13.2 12.6 6.3 5.5 5.0 agriculture India - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 0.0 80.0 WHT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 GRO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.3 21.5 21.5 V_F 11.5 24.3 21.7 10.3 39.2 35.3 34.3 OSD 55.0 60.0 40.0 40.0 36.7 49.8 49.9 Primary agriculture C_B 60.0 40.0 40.0 35.0 PFB 40.0 38.2 0.7 8.2 5.7 10.9 10.3 OCR 90.2 53.2 22.2 25.5 29.4 54.0 44.0 CTL 55.0 15.0 39.9 40.0 35.0 30.0 30.0 OAP 3.4 3.9 1.1 3.1 4.9 6.4 6.4 WOL 55.0 11.4 20.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 Primary 14.5 17.2 15.4 9.1 26.6 31.4 29.6 agriculture CMT 57.9 60.0 20.0 15.2 35.0 30.0 30.0 OMT 55.5 28.0 40.0 35.0 37.4 37.1 29.5 VOL 115.9 54.8 30.0 35.0 77.7 84.2 83.7 Processed food MIL 55.1 60.0 24.2 16.7 35.0 34.4 34.4 PCR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.0 SGR 55.0 48.3 14.6 39.6 29.6 85.1 83.2 OFD 94.9 63.9 38.6 39.4 39.4 37.7 37.7 B_T 286.6 294.4 93.3 129.4 133.9 53.6 53.1 Processed 103 56.8 30.2 35.8 73.6 79.4 78.8 food Primary non 50.1 28.0 20.3 29.0 26.4 22.7 14.2 agriculture Indonesia - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 WHT 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 2.4 2.4 GRO 8.0 2.3 9.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 V_F 11.8 12.9 19.8 13.4 14.3 12.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 1.8 OSD 10.9 12.6 14.3 9.8 9.5 9.4 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 Primary agriculture C_B 10.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 PFB 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OCR 15.7 16.9 15.1 9.8 9.9 6.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 CTL 6.1 1.6 8.3 6.5 3.3 2.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 3.3 3.3 OAP 9.8 6.8 5.1 3.3 3.9 4.1 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.6 2.9 WOL 5.0 5.0 5.7 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.7 5.0 5.0 Primary 3.7 4.2 5.8 3.4 3.4 3.2 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.4 agriculture CMT 29.0 29.3 29.4 24.7 20.0 19.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 OMT 7.6 6.6 6.7 6.6 5.3 11.4 4.3 3.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 VOL 10.0 12.5 7.8 6.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 Processed food MIL 21.5 21.4 18.3 15.5 13.4 13.5 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 PCR 0.0 0.3 1.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 SGR 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.9 1.7 0.1 0.2 19.3 21.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 OFD 13.5 12.9 12.8 8.6 10.6 10.3 4.8 5.5 9.2 9.0 10.4 10.0 B_T 29.1 23.4 27.1 18.8 21.2 24.2 12.9 10.7 15.6 17.9 33.7 33.7 Processed 11.7 13.4 12.6 7.7 4.9 3.0 3.0 6.5 7.8 6.0 8.2 8.0 food Primary non 13.6 13.9 13.0 11.4 8.1 6.3 5.4 4.4 5.9 5.5 6.3 6.2 agriculture Korea Rep. - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 WHT 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.8 3.4 2.0 GRO 5.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 427.4 2.9 430.3 424.9 V_F 37.2 32.5 30.8 32.8 33.0 317.9 33.9 95.6 128.7 OSD 10.3 3.3 5.8 6.8 7.4 519.1 10.0 469.4 473.5 Primary agriculture C_B 3.0 3.0 PFB 10.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 OCR 21.6 12.8 10.5 12.4 8.8 22.5 8.8 35.2 38.3 CTL 12.0 11.7 9.4 8.2 5.3 31.2 5.8 16.2 9.4 OAP 10.4 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.1 4.1 3.5 4.5 4.6 WOL 10.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 Primary 10.0 4.5 4.9 5.8 5.1 195 6.3 170 200 agriculture CMT 10.0 5.0 27.3 27.7 27.2 39.2 27.0 27.9 35.6 OMT 11.2 10.5 26.4 26.0 38.2 29.6 5.4 25.6 24.0 VOL 13.6 5.1 6.3 6.1 5.8 6.1 5.2 6.8 4.8 Processed food MIL 32.1 31.3 31.0 28.3 32.0 47.4 33.7 45.5 43.1 PCR 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 SGR 5.1 9.7 9.6 8.5 4.8 4.7 3.1 3.1 3.2 OFD 19.2 14.0 18.8 19.0 16.8 38.7 15.1 35.1 34.3 B_T 82.9 41.6 41.4 37.5 34.4 48.2 26.2 49.6 49.5 Processed 20.4 16.1 18.9 19.3 19.1 31.3 15.3 30.6 29.3 food Primary non 14.1 11.1 9.8 8.7 6.9 7.3 5.9 5.7 4.8 agriculture Malaysia - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.0 WHT 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GRO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 V_F 3.3 1.7 9.4 2.8 4.9 2.7 2.6 3.6 1.2 OSD 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 Primary agriculture C_B 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 PFB 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OCR 6.4 5.7 5.7 1.3 66.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 CTL 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OAP 3.7 3.9 3.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.3 WOL 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Primary 1.5 1.3 2.9 0.9 13.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.5 agriculture CMT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 OMT 8.0 11.3 9.7 5.6 3.1 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.8 VOL 6.0 3.1 3.7 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 1.0 Processed food MIL 2.2 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.8 PCR 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.0 SGR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OFD 14.4 11.5 10.6 4.8 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.5 B_T 33.8 36.1 11.4 36.8 180.8 5.3 7.8 47.3 5.9 Processed 7.2 6.0 5.1 2.7 10.9 2.0 1.9 2.4 3.5 food Primary non 9.8 9.7 8.6 5.7 5.2 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.3 agriculture Pakistan - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 10.0 10.0 WHT 0.0 0.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 9.2 GRO 25.0 25.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 V_F 23.2 24.5 12.8 11.3 11.3 9.5 8.3 OSD 26.8 26.8 5.3 10.0 10.0 10.0 5.2 Primary agriculture C_B PFB 10.8 10.8 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 OCR 48.5 48.2 27.1 23.2 19.3 11.1 9.5 CTL 21.0 21.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 5.0 5.0 OAP 14.8 14.6 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.6 WOL 15.1 15.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Primary 22.9 23.0 10.5 10.7 9.9 10.3 6.8 agriculture CMT 63.4 61.7 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 OMT 67.5 63.4 28.5 19.3 19.3 20.0 18.4 VOL 51.5 47.2 11.6 11.6 10.8 0.4 11.4 Processed food MIL 39.5 38.5 24.0 24.1 24.1 24.2 22.8 PCR 25.0 25.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 SGR 35.1 35.0 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 10.0 OFD 48.1 46.3 25.1 23.0 22.9 21.4 19.6 B_T 41.1 40.2 82.2 80.7 80.7 80.7 76.8 Processed 52.7 50.2 19.7 18.8 18.7 4.1 17.3 food Primary non 45.1 41.0 18.6 15.1 14.9 13.3 11.8 agriculture Philippines - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 50.0 50.0 50.0 25.0 25.0 38.1 38.1 WHT 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 25.0 22.4 6.5 6.5 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 GRO 25.8 25.8 21.9 21.9 23.9 22.9 21.9 33.0 33.4 32.6 26.3 23.8 10.6 9.1 9.1 V_F 44.0 43.9 29.2 29.2 43.0 35.0 30.0 19.7 17.0 9.3 11.4 10.5 10.1 13.4 13.4 OSD 15.1 15.1 20.3 20.3 16.8 16.8 16.8 9.2 6.6 6.5 5.0 3.0 1.9 4.3 4.3 Primary agriculture C_B PFB 10.2 10.2 10.0 10.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 OCR 37.6 37.7 25.3 25.3 43.5 43.5 43.3 23.3 19.1 10.4 10.1 10.6 10.6 6.8 6.8 CTL 10.0 10.0 29.5 9.9 16.3 16.3 16.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 OAP 29.2 29.2 19.8 19.8 13.5 12.3 13.1 12.7 16.9 18.5 17.0 18.3 14.8 10.3 10.3 WOL 20.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 Primary 18.2 18.2 16.9 15.5 18.1 15.7 16.7 20.4 16.5 9.3 7.8 6.8 6.0 6.0 6.0 agriculture CMT 20.6 20.6 20.3 20.3 29.5 29.4 29.3 24.9 17.6 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.2 9.2 9.2 OMT 30.5 30.5 22.4 22.4 26.5 24.4 22.4 33.9 37.9 33.9 34.5 40.4 31.2 34.8 34.8 VOL 16.7 18.5 10.3 10.4 18.2 17.7 17.3 4.8 8.3 6.1 1.7 4.3 3.9 1.2 1.2 Processed food MIL 18.7 18.4 11.9 11.9 18.5 18.1 17.9 6.7 6.7 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.1 1.9 1.9 PCR 50.0 50.0 30.0 30.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 SGR 50.0 50.0 30.0 30.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 63.8 53.6 54.7 55.2 53.5 43.8 18.1 18.1 OFD 29.9 30.0 21.2 21.0 25.1 23.8 22.8 10.7 10.6 8.3 8.3 6.6 5.8 7.6 7.6 B_T 40.6 40.6 25.3 25.3 39.4 38.7 38.1 14.1 14.7 9.8 9.8 6.7 5.8 8.3 8.3 Processed 32.2 32.3 20.9 20.9 31.2 30.6 30.1 25.4 19.2 12.8 11.6 12.3 9.9 6.7 6.7 food Primary non 22.7 22.7 14.7 14.7 15.5 15.2 14.6 6.8 6.3 4.0 3.8 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.0 agriculture Sri Lanka - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 25.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 WHT 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.5 GRO 32.5 39.7 44.8 35.0 5.5 5.4 3.5 3.0 V_F 49.4 40.2 35.5 33.4 21.9 20.3 15.1 16.2 OSD 60.0 42.7 43.8 35.0 25.0 25.0 26.9 27.4 Primary agriculture C_B 35.0 25.0 PFB 5.2 3.1 3.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 OCR 25.1 38.4 38.8 51.9 49.1 51.2 46.8 47.2 CTL 5.0 13.1 31.8 10.0 5.0 5.0 5.3 8.2 OAP 16.2 29.3 21.4 28.9 10.2 10.3 10.7 11.3 WOL 24.9 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.6 Primary 25.8 31.4 24.9 32.3 19.5 20.2 15.4 15.4 agriculture CMT 47.6 30.3 31.6 24.6 19.7 20.9 23.6 24.7 OMT 17.9 33.6 37.7 31.8 23.6 21.9 17.2 19.4 VOL 38.8 29.3 21.2 20.2 19.5 15.8 16.8 22.1 Processed food MIL 32.0 36.1 35.9 25.5 10.7 10.6 13.0 15.8 PCR 25.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 SGR 24.9 17.7 20.0 35.0 25.0 25.0 27.5 28.0 OFD 21.0 18.2 16.2 16.5 9.3 8.3 12.5 13.1 B_T 62.7 46.0 113.4 98.9 60.3 56.1 57.1 57.3 Processed 27.3 27.6 31.3 27.5 16.5 15.7 17.9 20.1 food Primary non 27.3 26.5 27.2 22.1 5.9 5.6 6.1 6.7 agriculture Taiwan (China) - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 0.0 WHT 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 GRO 3.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 V_F 36.9 36.5 33.4 35.2 33.7 33.4 20.0 19.0 17.8 OSD 4.0 2.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 Primary agriculture C_B 30.0 27.0 19.0 17.0 PFB 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OCR 20.4 11.0 10.1 9.8 8.8 9.4 8.3 7.5 5.9 CTL 4.6 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.2 0.9 1.8 1.3 OAP 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 5.5 6.3 1.4 WOL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Primary 6.4 5.5 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.0 4.5 4.4 3.3 agriculture CMT 26.4 25.3 25.9 11.9 25.7 11.3 21.2 27.5 10.5 OMT 9.7 6.4 22.4 17.6 18.0 16.8 56.3 55.9 15.6 VOL 9.1 3.6 6.5 6.8 6.1 5.3 2.8 2.3 2.1 Processed food MIL 21.8 17.2 19.2 16.0 9.8 9.5 7.3 7.2 9.6 PCR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SGR 21.3 19.7 24.6 24.6 24.0 23.3 109.6 124.3 9.5 OFD 19.8 17.9 18.6 19.1 17.6 17.0 13.3 12.9 12.4 B_T 47.6 48.2 49.2 49.5 24.7 26.0 16.6 17.1 17.2 Processed 24.2 22.5 27.4 26.8 19.4 18.7 18.2 19.1 12.8 food Primary non 10.3 6.4 4.9 5.1 3.6 3.7 3.2 3.1 2.2 agriculture Thailand - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR WHT 0.0 GRO 5.0 5.0 5.0 V_F 54.3 52.4 59.8 24.3 28.2 21.3 24.6 23.5 OSD 35.0 35.0 35.0 23.2 21.5 19.9 20.2 20.7 Primary agriculture C_B 40.0 40.0 40.0 PFB 5.1 5.1 79.2 5.0 5.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 OCR 41.1 40.9 50.7 47.5 31.7 38.2 23.1 22.6 CTL 2.2 1.5 39.8 2.5 9.8 9.9 5.4 5.4 OAP 31.0 30.4 30.8 7.1 5.0 1.8 2.1 1.8 WOL 13.7 34.5 13.7 1.5 20.6 11.9 1.0 1.0 Primary 11.5 12.5 61.6 13.0 13.6 8.8 10.8 10.8 agriculture CMT 60.0 60.0 57.0 44.8 44.7 34.5 33.3 32.2 OMT 13.6 13.1 25.5 15.6 12.1 6.0 7.0 6.5 VOL 10.2 10.1 11.9 10.6 8.9 7.0 7.0 6.9 Processed food MIL 25.9 25.9 26.8 10.4 10.5 8.5 8.3 8.1 PCR 0.0 5.0 5.0 SGR 65.0 65.0 40.0 44.5 42.0 20.8 61.9 61.8 OFD 55.2 55.3 50.2 40.8 40.4 11.2 11.0 7.6 B_T 0.0 9.9 56.8 54.1 59.8 42.5 40.3 40.7 Processed 47.8 47.8 43.3 33.0 32.8 12.3 12.2 10.1 food Primary non 33.8 33.6 36.0 14.9 9.4 8.5 8.2 5.3 agriculture Vietnam - Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PDR 3.5 5.0 15.0 3.5 20.0 20.0 20.0 WHT 3.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 2.9 2.6 2.6 GRO 3.5 4.8 4.5 5.0 23.9 4.9 4.9 V_F 27.7 30.0 36.8 29.0 31.2 33.0 16.6 OSD 8.0 10.0 5.5 9.1 8.2 10.9 10.9 Primary agriculture C_B 7.0 10.0 10.0 PFB 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OCR 8.7 11.2 17.9 13.0 14.1 15.9 15.7 CTL 0.0 4.8 2.1 4.6 0.4 3.6 3.6 OAP 4.2 4.5 3.6 3.7 4.8 0.5 2.6 WOL 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 5.0 1.7 1.7 Primary 6.5 15.6 15.7 12.7 15.9 14.0 8.6 agriculture CMT 9.8 19.2 18.4 19.6 19.7 19.7 19.6 OMT 16.0 18.7 17.4 18.0 14.8 20.9 20.9 VOL 14.9 14.7 16.9 10.8 5.7 4.8 3.6 Processed food MIL 9.2 19.1 17.9 20.6 17.9 13.0 17.7 PCR 7.0 10.0 30.0 40.0 22.9 40.2 40.2 SGR 32.4 21.7 27.2 10.7 6.7 11.2 11.2 OFD 16.8 22.5 24.1 25.1 23.6 24.7 23.0 B_T 117.3 93.5 85.4 79.7 71.2 73.4 63.9 Processed 84.4 55.7 47.6 43.4 32.9 35.4 29.0 food Primary non 23.2 19.8 18.0 16.7 14.5 14.7 13.7 agriculture