From World Development Indicators 68967 The Little 12 Green Data Book Agriculture Forests and biodiversity Oceans Energy and emissions Water and sanitation Environment and health National accounting aggregates 2012 THE LITTLE GREEN DATA BOOK Copyright ©2012 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing June 2012 ISBN: 978-0-8213-8993-5 eISBN: 978-0-8213-9517-2 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8993-5 SKU: 18993 The Little Green Data Book 2012 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment Department of the World Bank. Design by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K. Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Focus: Oceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Regional tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 The Little Green Data Book 2012 iii Acknowledgments The Little Green Data Book 2012 is based on World Development Indicators 2012 and its accompanying CD-ROM. Defining, gathering, and disseminating international statistics is a collective effort of many people and organizations. The indicators presented in World Development Indicators are the fruit of decades of work at many levels, from the field workers who administer censuses and household surveys to the committees and working parties of the national and international statistical agencies that develop the nomenclature, classifications, and standards fundamental to the international statistical system. Nongovernmental organizations have also made important contributions. We are indebted to the World Development Indicators partners, as detailed in World Development Indicators 2012. The Little Green Data Book 2012 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment Department of the Sustainable Development Vice Presidency. Liu Cui, Mahyar Eshragh-Tabary, Peter Kristensen, Glenn- Marie Lange, Elisabeth Mealey, Esther Naikal, Urvashi Narain, William Prince, Jomo Tariku, and John Virdin contributed to its preparation. Azita Amjadi and Alison Kwong coordinated the production of the book. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and distribution of the book. iv 2012 The Little Green Data Book Foreword Welcome to The Little Green Data Book 2012, which comes to you in the year of the Rio+20 Conference, marking the 20th anniversary of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. World leaders and thousands of other participants from governments, the private sector, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders, will come together in June in Rio de Janeiro to discuss progress and challenges in balancing the social, economic, and environmental pillars of sustainable development. While substantial progress has been made on the economic and social pillars, environmental goals are far from being met, partly due to the lack of measurement of natural capital and the goods and services it provides. Recognizing this need, for nearly 15 years the World Bank has constructed global comprehensive wealth accounts, including natural capital accounts for agricultural land, forests, protected areas, and subsoil assets. Measures of natural resource depletion have been included in The Little Green Data Book through the Adjusted Net Savings indicators, and last year’s edition introduced a new indicator, adjusted Net National Income, which provides a broader measure of national income that accounts for the depletion of energy, mineral and forest resources. These measures, along with efforts of the World Bank–facilitated partnership—Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES)—aim to help countries incorporate their natural resources into their national accounts to make better economic decisions. This year’s edition of The Little Green Data Book includes a focus story on oceans and its ecosystem services, as well as estimates of global marine fisheries wealth accounts—a first step in capturing the value of this important resource stock. A new set of ocean-related indicators are also introduced, highlighting the role of oceans in economic development and providing policy makers the information to make better decisions for the sustainable management of oceans. These and other related data are freely available online at data.worldbank.org as part of the World Bank’s Open Data Initiative. For more than a decade, The Little Green Data Book has served as a knowledge resource that aids policy makers in using environmental data more effectively to support priority-setting and improve development outcomes. It is the result of close collaboration between the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment Department of the Sustainable Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank. We welcome your suggestions on how to improve future editions and make them even more useful. Shaida Badiee Mary Barton-Dock Director Director Development Data Group Environment The Little Green Data Book 2012 v Focus: Oceans The oceans cover some 71 percent of the Earth’s surface, and are both an engine for global economic growth and a key source of our food security. An estimated 61 percent of the world’s total Gross National Income (GNI) comes from the areas within 100 kilometers of the coastline, and the oceans as a whole provide 16 percent of animal protein for the entire population (UNEP, 2006; FAO, 2010). The economy supported by the oceans is broad, and includes transport and shipping, oil, gas and minerals extraction, tourism and fisheries, among others. Ocean fisheries and aquaculture alone support some 250 million livelihoods around the world and produce seafood with a first sale value of more than US$190 billion. Data on current fisheries production and on growth in capture fisheries and aquaculture production have been included this year in the country tables. Within this ocean economy, many of the goods and services depend specifically on a healthy ‘living ocean’, i.e., healthy ocean ecosystems. The wealth of seafood, nature-based tourism, coastal protection, carbon storage and a vast array of other goods and services (‘ecosystem services’) can only be provided by a healthy living ocean. However, ocean ecosystem services are currently contributing far less to global economic growth than they could be, largely as a result of human actions changing the underlying natural systems. With the exponential increases in population growth and economic activity that occurred over the last half century, the environmental status of the living ocean is changing at a rate and scale not seen since the rise of modern civilization. • Overfishing: 85 percent of the world’s ocean fisheries are fully exploited, over-exploited or depleted, causing annual global efficiency losses of $50 billion. With better management, global fisheries can be a substantial source of economic return and wealth for countries, particularly Small Island Developing States (see Box 1); • Pollution: excess nitrogen runoff from fertilizers has resulted in large ‘dead zones’ in the ocean, covering some 250,000 km2—an area the size of Great Britain; • Habitat loss or conversion: an estimated 35 percent of global mangrove area has been lost or converted, approximately 20 percent of the planet’s coral reefs have been destroyed in the last few decades, with more than a further 20 percent being degraded, and 30 percent of sea grass beds have been destroyed. Data on marine protected areas and area under mangroves and coral reefs have been included in the country tables this year, identifying the countries where these coastal habitats are still a prominent source of ecosystem services. Climate change is also affecting the ocean in ways that we are only beginning to understand. Addressing the key drivers of the declining health of oceans— overfishing, pollution and habitat loss—is therefore all the more important to give the oceans the best chance to adapt to the changes caused by a warming climate. vi 2012 The Little Green Data Book Focus: Oceans Box 1. Fisheries Wealth The World Bank’s global comprehensive wealth accounts have included natural capital accounts for agricultural land, forests, protected areas, and subsoil assets. Wealth accounts for global marine fisheries—what they are now and what they could be under better management—have been estimated for the first time this year. Results reveal the critical condition of today’s marine fisheries, where global marine fisheries as a whole are not providing positive economic returns. Rebuilding fisheries by defining clear access rights, removing harmful subsidies, and cooperatively managing shared fish stocks can result in potentially enormous economic gains: global fisheries wealth is estimated to increase from $120 billion to $900 billion, with the potential for the greatest gains in Asia (graph below). In addition, marine fisheries are particularly important for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and many coastal communities both in the developing and developed worlds, where SIDS across all regions benefit with substantially higher levels of fisheries wealth when fisheries are rebuilt and sustainably managed. Rebuilding the World’s Fisheries 1,000 Current Fisheries Wealth 900 Fisheries Wealth (US$ Billion) 800 Potential Fisheries Wealth 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Africa Asia Europe North Oceania South, Central World America America and Caribbean Sumaila, et al., Marine Fisheries as a Source of Sustainable Wealth of Nations. Working paper presented at 2012 AAAS Annual Meeting, February 2012. Enhancing the health of the oceans represents a significant opportunity— to create a portfolio of sustainable ecosystem services that contribute to economic growth. Countries around the world have started to recognize the opportunity of sustainable socio-economic returns from the oceans, but actions have not yet been implemented at a scale sufficient to truly impact the provision of ocean ecosystem services to the global economy. Public and private finance together with a coordinated global effort is needed for the oceans. The World Bank has initiated the Global Partnership for Oceans whose aim is to sustainably enhance the economic, social, and ecological performance of the ocean’s ecosystems and living resources. One of the many efforts under this partnership will be to further improve access to data on ocean resources to support policy making for sustainable management of oceans. The Little Green Data Book 2012 vii Data notes The data in this book are for the most recent year available as noted in the Glossary. • Growth rates are calculated as annual averages and represented as percentages. • Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. • Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified in the Glossary. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. The selection of indicators in these pages includes some of those being used to monitor progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. For more information about the eight goals—halving poverty and increasing well-being by 2015—please see the other books in the World Development Indicators 2012 family of products. viii 2012 The Little Green Data Book Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam. Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Latin America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen. South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. The Little Green Data Book 2012 1 World Population (millions) 6,894.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 129,711 GDP ($ billions) 63,243.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,069 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,689 Urban population (% of total) 50.7 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.2 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 992 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 123 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 12.3 Threatened species, mammals 3,105 Threatened species, birds 3,401 Threatened species, fish 6,213 Threatened species, higher plants 10,987 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 167,483 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 8.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 284,300 Mangroves area (sq. km) 150,405 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,788 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,803 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,258 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 Rural (% of rural population) 81 Urban (% of urban population) 96 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 62 Rural (% of rural population) 47 Urban (% of urban population) 79 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 58 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.4 2 2012 The Little Green Data Book East Asia & Pacific Population (millions) 1,961.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 15,854 GDP ($ billions) 7,630.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,696 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,264 Urban population (% of total) 45.9 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 49 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 585 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 135 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 29.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) -0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 15.0 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 96,136 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 9.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 137,690 Mangroves area (sq. km) 56,537 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,436 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 11.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,095 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 80.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,506 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 73 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 Rural (% of rural population) 84 Urban (% of urban population) 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 66 Rural (% of rural population) 57 Urban (% of urban population) 76 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 48.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 32.6 The Little Green Data Book 2012 3 Europe & Central Asia Population (millions) 405.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 22,748 GDP ($ billions) 3,059.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,272 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,727 Urban population (% of total) 64.1 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 28 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,204 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 126 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 7.5 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5,573 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. Mangroves area (sq. km) .. Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,831 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,859 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 65.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 18.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 12,885 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 63 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 Rural (% of rural population) 91 Urban (% of urban population) 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 84 Rural (% of rural population) 80 Urban (% of urban population) 87 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 8.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.8 4 2012 The Little Green Data Book Latin America & Caribbean Population (millions) 582.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 20,116 GDP ($ billions) 4,980.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,733 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,894 Urban population (% of total) 79.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 36 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,663 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 47.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 20.2 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13,464 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.1 Coral reef area (sq. km) 15,280 Mangroves area (sq. km) 39,997 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,245 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,892 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 37.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 55.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 23,323 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 Rural (% of rural population) 81 Urban (% of urban population) 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 79 Rural (% of rural population) 59 Urban (% of urban population) 84 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 30 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.4 The Little Green Data Book 2012 5 Middle East & North Africa Population (millions) 331.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8,641 GDP ($ billions) 1,207.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,874 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,091 Urban population (% of total) 58.0 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,627 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 132 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 3.9 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,614 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 13.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,700 Mangroves area (sq. km) 217 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,399 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,497 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 695 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 70.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 Rural (% of rural population) 81 Urban (% of urban population) 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 88 Rural (% of rural population) 80 Urban (% of urban population) 94 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 66 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –1.6 6 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1,633.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) South Asia 4,771 GDP ($ billions) 2,090.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,176 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,111 Urban population (% of total) 30.1 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 521 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 123 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 17.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.9 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13,567 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 8.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 15,440 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10,343 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 514 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 517 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 81.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,236 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 33.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 Rural (% of rural population) 88 Urban (% of urban population) 95 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 38 Rural (% of rural population) 28 Urban (% of urban population) 60 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 68 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 10 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 67 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 7 Sub-Saharan Africa Population (millions) 853.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23,588 GDP ($ billions) 1,097.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,176 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 946 Urban population (% of total) 37.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 322 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 130 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 11.7 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6,190 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 16.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 18,550 Mangroves area (sq. km) 27,815 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 689 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 57.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 511 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 65.2 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 18.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,635 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 84 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 61 Rural (% of rural population) 49 Urban (% of urban population) 83 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 31 Rural (% of rural population) 23 Urban (% of urban population) 42 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 46 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 121 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.1 8 2012 The Little Green Data Book Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Each economy in The Little Green Data Book is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Note: Classifications are fixed during the World Bank’s fiscal year (ending on June 30), thus countries remain in the categories in which they are classified irrespective of any revisions to their per capita income data. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,005 or less in 2010. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,005 but less than $12,276. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle- income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,975. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,276 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Green Data Book 2012 9 Low income Population (millions) 796.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 15,046 GDP ($ billions) 418.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 472 Urban population (% of total) 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.7 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 65 Rural (% of rural population) 57 Urban (% of urban population) 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 Rural (% of rural population) 32 Urban (% of urban population) 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.9 10 2012 The Little Green Data Book Middle income Population (millions) 4,970.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 80,672 GDP ($ billions) 19,632.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,723 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,230 Urban population (% of total) 48.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 786 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 130 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 12.3 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 127,820 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 9.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 177,540 Mangroves area (sq. km) 109,093 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,254 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,675 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 72.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 20.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,944 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 Rural (% of rural population) 84 Urban (% of urban population) 96 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 59 Rural (% of rural population) 45 Urban (% of urban population) 75 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 49 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.0 The Little Green Data Book 2012 11 Lower middle income Population (millions) 2,518.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 22,787 GDP ($ billions) 4,312.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 9.4 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 Rural (% of rural population) 83 Urban (% of urban population) 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 47 Rural (% of rural population) 34 Urban (% of urban population) 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.8 12 2012 The Little Green Data Book Upper middle income Population (millions) 2,452.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 57,885 GDP ($ billions) 15,317.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 13.4 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 Rural (% of rural population) 86 Urban (% of urban population) 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 73 Rural (% of rural population) 62 Urban (% of urban population) 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 13 Low and middle income Population (millions) 5,767.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 95,718 GDP ($ billions) 20,071.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,286 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,851 Urban population (% of total) 45.5 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 728 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 130 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 12.0 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 138,544 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 9.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.2 Coral reef area (sq. km) 192,660 Mangroves area (sq. km) 134,910 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,162 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,525 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,867 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.7 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 86 Rural (% of rural population) 80 Urban (% of urban population) 95 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 56 Rural (% of rural population) 43 Urban (% of urban population) 72 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 50 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 63 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.1 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.0 14 2012 The Little Green Data Book High income Population (millions) 1,127.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 33,992 GDP ($ billions) 43,240.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial area (% of land area) 12.9 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 15 Euro area Population (millions) 331.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,552 GDP ($ billions) 12,149.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,565 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 31,527 Urban population (% of total) 73.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 25,752 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial area (% of land area) 17.0 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,074 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.1 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. Mangroves area (sq. km) .. Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,536 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,592 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 48.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 10.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,952 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 32 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 19 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.8 16 2012 The Little Green Data Book Country tables China Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Cyprus GNI and GDP data and all data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. Georgia GNI, GDP and population data and all data calculated using GNI, GDP and population exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Data for each country are shown separately where available. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro; these data are noted in the tables. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. Moldova GNI, GDP and population data and all data calculated using GNI, GDP and population exclude Transnistria. Morocco GNI and GDP data and all data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist on 10 October 2010. Curaçao and St. Maarten became countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius became special municipalities of the Netherlands. The Little Green Data Book 2012 17 Country tables South Sudan and Sudan Data are shown separately for South Sudan where available. However, data reported for Sudan include South Sudan unless otherwise noted. Tanzania GNI and GDP data and all data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2012 or data .worldbank.org. 18 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Afghanistan 34.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 652 GDP ($ billions) 17.2 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 390 1,111 472 Urban population (% of total) 24.8 30.1 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.5 2.7 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 55 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 521 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 114 123 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.1 17.1 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.4 5.9 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.0 13,567 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 2.9 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 8.4 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 1.7 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 514 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 26.8 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 517 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.6 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.6 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 1.2 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,645 1,236 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 35.6 33.4 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 99 91 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 50 90 65 Rural (% of rural population) 42 88 57 Urban (% of urban population) 78 95 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 38 37 Rural (% of rural population) 30 28 32 Urban (% of urban population) 60 60 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 32 68 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 10 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 11 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 149 67 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 32.7 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 9.2 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.6 0.6 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.7 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 20.9 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 19 Albania Population (millions) 3.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 27 GDP ($ billions) 11.8 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,960 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,165 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 48.0 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.3 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,645 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 110 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.3 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 9.8 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 39 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.6 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.4 –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.4 –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.6 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 538 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.4 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,747 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.6 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.4 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.3 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,425 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.4 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 58 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 94 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 96 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 93 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 95 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 37 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.6 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.6 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.2 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.7 4.8 19.1 20 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 35.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Algeria 2,382 GDP ($ billions) 162.0 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,390 3,874 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,097 3,091 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 66.5 58.0 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.9 2.5 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 23 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,254 2,627 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 117 132 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.6 2.4 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 6.3 3.9 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 14 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 36 Threatened species, higher plants 12 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 95.4 3,614 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 2.9 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.6 13.4 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.29 2.0 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,138 1,399 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 971 1,497 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.2 93.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.8 4.9 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.2 3.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 322 695 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 52.7 70.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 64 86 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 83 89 93 Rural (% of rural population) 79 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 85 94 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 88 73 Rural (% of rural population) 88 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 98 94 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 75 66 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 34 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 53.6 19.2 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.3 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 17.8 12.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 29.8 –1.6 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 21 American Samoa Population (thousands) 68 Land area (sq. km) 200 GDP ($ millions) .. Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 3,696 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 3,264 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 93.0 45.9 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 3.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 25 49 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 585 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 99 135 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 90.0 29.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 -0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.3 15.0 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.3 96,136 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 27.3 3.5 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 9.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.0 1.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 220 137,690 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.52 56,537 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,436 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 4.3 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,506 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.9 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 86 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 66 73 Rural (% of rural population) .. 57 62 Urban (% of urban population) .. 76 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 56 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 24 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 48.4 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 19.1 22 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 85 Land area (sq. km) Andorra 470 GDP ($ billions) 3.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,750 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 88.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 6.1 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.5 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 15 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.0 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 23 Angola Population (millions) 19.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,247 GDP ($ billions) 84.4 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,940 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,092 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 58.5 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.3 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 340 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 144 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.9 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 12.4 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 15 Threatened species, birds 23 Threatened species, fish 39 Threatened species, higher plants 34 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 8.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 260 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.4 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.07 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 312 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 641 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 60.1 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 202 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 23.9 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 76.1 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,976 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.4 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 33 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 51 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 38 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 60 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 58 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 19 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 85 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 56 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 161 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.9 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 35.1 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.8 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –29.2 –2.1 13.8 24 2012 The Little Green Data Book Antigua and Barbuda Population (thousands) 88 Land area (sq. km) 440 GDP ($ billions) 1.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,280 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 30.3 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,698 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 106 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.7 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 7.0 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 17 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.3 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.9 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.70 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 240 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 8.4 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,699 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 592 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.3 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 95 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) .. 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 98 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 12 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –1.7 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.7 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.2 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 25 Argentina Population (millions) 40.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,737 GDP ($ billions) 368.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,620 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,364 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 92.4 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 51 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 12,957 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 95 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.7 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.5 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 38 Threatened species, birds 49 Threatened species, fish 37 Threatened species, higher plants 35 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 17.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 814 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.9 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.5 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.1 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,853 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.1 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,759 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 64.1 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 27.8 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.8 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,889 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.0 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 80 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 98 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 77 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 91 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 60 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.1 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.0 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.5 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.1 7.4 19.1 26 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Armenia 28 GDP ($ billions) 9.4 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,200 7,272 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,796 5,727 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 63.7 64.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.0 0.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 62 28 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 4,723 3,204 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 131 126 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 9.2 38.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 0.0 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 8.0 7.5 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.6 5,573 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –7.1 –3.1 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 –0.9 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 843 2,831 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 1.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,550 3,859 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 20.3 65.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 35.6 18.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 7.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,223 12,885 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 36.4 5.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 63 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 96 87 Rural (% of rural population) 97 91 83 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 84 47 Rural (% of rural population) 80 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 95 87 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 61 23 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.1 23.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.9 12.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.2 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 8.6 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.8 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 2.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.8 4.8 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 27 Aruba Population (thousands) 108 Land area (sq. km) 180 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 46.9 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.4 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.2 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.1 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 15 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.15 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –4.9 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.71 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 21.7 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 28 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 22.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Australia 7,682 GDP ($ billions) 1,131.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 46,200 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 38,708 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 89.1 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 35,208 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 103 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.4 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.6 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 55 Threatened species, birds 52 Threatened species, fish 103 Threatened species, higher plants 27 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 87.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 241 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.0 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 9.0 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 28.3 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 48,960 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 9,910 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,971 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.4 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 11,113 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.7 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.7 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 18.6 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 22,413 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.6 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 14 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.1 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.2 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.3 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.2 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 29 Austria Population (millions) 8.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 82 GDP ($ billions) 379.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 47,030 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 38,551 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 67.6 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 25,771 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 47.2 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 22.9 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 9 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.5 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.1 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.8 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,784 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.6 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,944 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 28.2 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 61.4 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.1 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,575 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.7 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 27 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.9 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.1 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.6 7.1 30 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 9.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Azerbaijan 83 GDP ($ billions) 51.8 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,330 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,858 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 52.2 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,241 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 115 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.3 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 7.1 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 10 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.1 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –16.6 –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.0 –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,338 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,620 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 87.8 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.2 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.4 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 907 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 35.2 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 80 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 71 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 88 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 82 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 78 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 86 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 29 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 11 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 46 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 49.5 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 34.5 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.1 4.8 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 31 Bahamas, The Population (thousands) 343 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ billions) 7.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,610 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 17,805 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 84.1 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.7 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 15,764 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 108 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 51.4 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 13.7 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 28 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11.6 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.2 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.41 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,150 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 875 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,156 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.5 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 59 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.0 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 32 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (sq. km) Bahrain 760 GDP ($ billions) 20.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,730 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 12,619 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 88.6 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.7 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 117 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –8.4 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.3 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 8 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13.5 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.65 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 570 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.65 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 8,096 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,214 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 21.4 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 219.8 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 45 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 45.4 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.7 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 30.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.6 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 33 Bangladesh Population (millions) 148.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 130 GDP ($ billions) 100.4 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 665 1,111 472 Urban population (% of total) 28.1 30.1 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 2.7 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 55 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 507 521 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 121 123 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.1 17.1 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 –0.1 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.8 5.9 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 34 Threatened species, birds 30 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 15 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,035 13,567 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.0 2.9 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 10.1 8.4 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.81 1.7 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 15,440 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,951 10,343 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 201 514 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 29.8 26.8 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 252 517 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 95.9 81.6 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.1 13.6 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 1.2 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 714 1,236 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.9 33.4 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 91 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 90 65 Rural (% of rural population) 80 88 57 Urban (% of urban population) 85 95 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 56 38 37 Rural (% of rural population) 55 28 32 Urban (% of urban population) 57 60 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 121 68 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 10 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 10 11 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 48 67 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.2 32.7 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.5 9.2 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 2.3 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.6 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.7 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 26.2 20.9 15.9 34 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 274 Land area (sq. km) Barbados 430 GDP ($ billions) 4.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,660 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 40.8 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 15,621 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 99 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 18.6 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.1 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.3 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.07 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.04 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,476 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.0 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 293 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 76.1 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 33 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 34 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.2 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.4 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 35 Belarus Population (millions) 9.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 203 GDP ($ billions) 54.7 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,950 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,926 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 74.3 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 5,700 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 120 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.6 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 7.2 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 2 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 17.2 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –5.8 –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,815 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.0 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,299 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.3 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.5 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,913 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.5 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 19 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 97 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 91 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 7 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.7 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.6 4.8 19.1 36 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Belgium 30 GDP ($ billions) 469.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 45,840 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 37,837 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 97.4 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 97 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.4 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 13.8 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 23.0 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.0 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.1 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.04 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,300 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.9 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,903 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 39.8 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.4 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.8 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,111 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 34.0 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 21 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.5 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.7 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.6 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 37 Belize Population (thousands) 345 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23 GDP ($ billions) 1.4 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,810 7,733 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,341 6,894 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 52.7 79.3 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 2.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 36 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 4,506 3,663 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 88 131 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 61.1 47.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 0.5 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 27.9 20.2 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 30 Threatened species, higher plants 27 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 119 13,464 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 22.3 –1.6 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 21.3 11.2 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 11.9 13.1 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,330 15,280 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 958 39,997 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 571 1,245 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.0 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,892 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.8 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.3 2.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 48,019 23,323 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 1.6 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 68 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 87 Rural (% of rural population) 99 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 98 98 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 79 47 Rural (% of rural population) 87 59 34 Urban (% of urban population) 93 84 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 13 30 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.3 20.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.5 12.1 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.9 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.0 7.4 13.8 38 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 8.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Benin 111 GDP ($ billions) 6.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 780 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 684 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 42.0 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.1 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 684 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 122 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 41.2 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 23.8 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 27 Threatened species, higher plants 13 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 40.3 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 65.7 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 404 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 57.4 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 91 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,197 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.5 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 75 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 68 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 84 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 5 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 25 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 48 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 10 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 115 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.8 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.4 –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 39 Bermuda Population (thousands) 65 Land area (sq. km) 50 GDP ($ billions) 5.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.3 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 0 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 33,608 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 108 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 20.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.6 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 15 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.38 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.0 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.0 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 370 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.18 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.1 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.9 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 40 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 726 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Bhutan 38 GDP ($ billions) 1.5 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,870 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,682 1,111 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 36.8 30.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.4 2.7 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 13 55 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 465 521 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 92 123 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 84.6 17.1 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 28.3 5.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 27 Threatened species, birds 18 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.21 13,567 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.1 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 8.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 1.7 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 354 514 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 26.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 517 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.6 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.6 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 1.2 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 109,295 1,236 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.4 33.4 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 94 88 83 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 44 38 47 Rural (% of rural population) 29 28 34 Urban (% of urban population) 73 60 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 21 68 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 10 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 11 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 56 67 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 32.7 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 9.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 2.9 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.6 0.6 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.7 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 20.9 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 41 Bolivia Population (millions) 9.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,083 GDP ($ billions) 19.6 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,810 7,733 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,467 6,894 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 66.5 79.3 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.9 2.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 34 36 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 716 3,663 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 113 131 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.8 47.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 18.5 20.2 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 20 Threatened species, birds 34 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 72 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 12.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.8 13,464 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –1.6 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 11.2 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 13.1 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,280 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 39,997 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 638 1,245 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.7 17.0 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 558 1,892 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 61.4 37.8 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 37.5 55.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.3 2.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 31,054 23,323 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 1.6 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 57 68 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 94 87 Rural (% of rural population) 71 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 96 98 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 27 79 47 Rural (% of rural population) 10 59 34 Urban (% of urban population) 35 84 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 60 30 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 20 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 26 .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 54 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.1 20.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 12.1 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.4 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.9 1.6 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.3 7.4 13.8 42 2012 The Little Green Data Book Bosnia and Herzegovina Population (millions) 3.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 51 GDP ($ billions) 16.6 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,770 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 48.6 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 15,028 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 110 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.8 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.6 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 31 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9.6 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.71 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,580 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.1 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,867 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.2 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 39.8 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.3 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,422 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.9 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 98 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 92 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 99 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 19 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.5 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 4.8 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 43 Botswana Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 567 GDP ($ billions) 14.9 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,790 1,176 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,256 946 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 61.1 37.4 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.8 4.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 45 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 447 322 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 116 130 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 20.0 28.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.9 0.6 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 30.9 11.7 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 2 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.06 6,190 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –14.3 1.8 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,034 689 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 23.6 57.3 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,503 511 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 65.2 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 18.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.5 0.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,211 4,635 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 2.2 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 41 84 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 61 93 Rural (% of rural population) 92 49 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 83 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 62 31 73 Rural (% of rural population) 41 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 75 42 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 66 46 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 48 121 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.8 18.0 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.6 10.9 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.6 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 9.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.2 1.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.6 –2.1 19.1 44 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 194.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Brazil 8,459 GDP ($ billions) 2,087.9 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,390 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,873 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 86.5 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 4,118 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 116 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 61.4 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 26.3 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 81 Threatened species, birds 122 Threatened species, fish 84 Threatened species, higher plants 389 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 100.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,265 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 17.1 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.5 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,200 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 12,999 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,243 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 31.6 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,206 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 8.1 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 83.8 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.1 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 28,037 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 55 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 85 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 79 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 44 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 85 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 19 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.8 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.1 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 45 Brunei Darussalam Population (thousands) 399 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.3 GDP ($ millions) 10.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,800 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 15,642 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 75.7 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.0 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 2 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 77,147 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 133 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 72.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 44.0 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 34 Threatened species, birds 24 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 98 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.8 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.2 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 24.8 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.4 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 210 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 173 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,971 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,662 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 27.5 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 21,693 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.1 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 48 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 61.6 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.0 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 29.9 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.2 7.1 46 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 7.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Bulgaria 109 GDP ($ billions) 47.7 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,280 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,110 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 71.7 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 10,923 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 103 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.2 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.8 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 9.2 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 18.7 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –7.3 –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.2 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,305 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.3 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,401 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 55.2 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.2 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.6 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,769 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 28.7 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 16 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 100 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 45 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.6 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.3 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.4 4.8 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 47 Burkina Faso Population (millions) 16.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 274 GDP ($ billions) 8.8 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 550 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 470 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 20.4 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.8 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 176 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 105 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 20.6 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 14.2 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 4 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 14.9 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.7 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 22.9 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 782 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.9 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 73 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 95 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 17 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 50 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 63 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 176 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 6.8 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.9 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.8 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.5 –2.1 15.9 48 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 8.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Burundi 26 GDP ($ billions) 1.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 153 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 11.0 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.8 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 84 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 72 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 65 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.7 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 4.8 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 17 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 17.8 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,231 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.3 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 72 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 71 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 83 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 46 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 46 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 49 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 28 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 142 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 4.1 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.6 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.7 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 11.8 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –28.6 –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 49 Cambodia Population (millions) 14.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 177 GDP ($ billions) 11.2 East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 750 3,696 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 686 3,264 472 Urban population (% of total) 22.8 45.9 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.9 3.3 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 49 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 434 585 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 137 135 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 57.2 29.6 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 –0.1 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 25.8 15.0 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 37 Threatened species, birds 24 Threatened species, fish 42 Threatened species, higher plants 29 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 550 96,136 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 8.0 3.5 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.8 9.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.44 1.4 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 137,690 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 728 56,537 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 371 1,436 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 70.7 11.8 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 131 2,095 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 95.6 80.3 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.9 16.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 4.3 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,628 4,506 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.5 9.9 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 73 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 64 90 65 Rural (% of rural population) 58 84 57 Urban (% of urban population) 87 97 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 31 66 37 Rural (% of rural population) 20 57 32 Urban (% of urban population) 73 76 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 37 56 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 15 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 20 .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 24 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.2 48.4 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 10.7 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 2.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.0 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.1 32.6 15.9 50 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 19.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cameroon 473 GDP ($ billions) 22.4 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,180 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 968 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 58.4 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.2 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 20 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 743 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 114 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.1 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 9.2 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 38 Threatened species, birds 20 Threatened species, fish 112 Threatened species, higher plants 378 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 12.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 141 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 10.9 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.39 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,962 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 361 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 64.1 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 271 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 29.9 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 70.0 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 14,237 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 52 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 95 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 49 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 36 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 58 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 58 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 136 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.4 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.1 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.6 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.2 –2.1 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 51 Canada Population (millions) 34.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,094 GDP ($ billions) 1,577.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,250 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 37,869 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 80.6 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.3 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 44,619 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 107 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 7.5 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 35 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 21.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,089 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.8 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.0 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,534 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.5 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,471 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 22.8 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 60.3 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 16.3 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 84,495 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 12 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 16 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.8 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.3 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.3 7.1 52 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 496 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cape Verde 4.0 GDP ($ billions) 1.6 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,270 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,835 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 61.1 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.4 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 22 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,294 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 119 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 21.1 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.9 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 2.5 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 24 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 19.5 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.6 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 213 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 610 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.8 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 85 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 90 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 61 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 43 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 73 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.5 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 53 Cayman Islands Population (thousands) 56 Land area (sq. km) 240 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.8 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 8 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 95 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 54.2 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 8.7 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.13 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –9.1 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 230 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 78.3 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.1 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) 96 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 54 2012 The Little Green Data Book Central African Republic Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 623 GDP ($ billions) 2.0 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 421 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 38.9 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.3 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 8 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 418 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 111 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.3 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 17.7 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 17 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 35.2 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.1 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.4 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 32,653 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.0 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 67 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 51 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 92 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 34 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 28 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 43 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 33 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 159 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.7 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.1 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 55 Chad Population (millions) 11.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,259 GDP ($ billions) 7.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 370 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 27.6 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.5 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 39 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 112 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 9.2 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 9.4 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 13 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 1 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 40.0 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.8 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,371 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.9 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 52 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 51 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 44 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 70 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 30 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 82 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 173 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.3 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 29.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 15.9 56 2012 The Little Green Data Book Channel Islands Population (thousands) 153 Land area (sq. km) 190 GDP ($ billions) 11.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 67,960 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 31.4 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 4.2 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 9.3 12.9 Threatened species, mammals .. Threatened species, birds .. Threatened species, fish .. Threatened species, higher plants .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.5 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 15.2 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.02 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 57 Chile Population (millions) 17.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 744 GDP ($ billions) 212.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,120 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,577 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 89.0 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.6 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 6,267 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 21.8 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 16.6 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 20 Threatened species, birds 34 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 34 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 15.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,393 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.2 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 12.3 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.7 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,698 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.5 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,283 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 51.0 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 41.7 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.4 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 52,136 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.2 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 75 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 83 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 98 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 53 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.9 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 12.3 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.0 7.4 19.1 58 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1,338.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) China 9,327 GDP ($ billions) 5,926.6 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,270 3,696 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,746 3,264 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 44.9 45.9 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.3 3.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 56 49 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 545 585 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 115 135 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.2 29.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.4 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 16.6 15.0 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 75 Threatened species, birds 86 Threatened species, fish 113 Threatened species, higher plants 374 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 66.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 63,245 96,136 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.3 3.5 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 9.4 9.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 1.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,510 137,690 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 208 56,537 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,695 1,436 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.0 11.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,631 2,095 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 80.6 80.3 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.7 16.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.3 4.3 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,113 4,506 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.5 9.9 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 73 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 85 84 86 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 64 66 73 Rural (% of rural population) 56 57 62 Urban (% of urban population) 74 76 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 60 56 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 24 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 52.7 48.4 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.8 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.7 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 1.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 36.3 32.6 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 59 Colombia Population (millions) 46.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,110 GDP ($ billions) 288.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,510 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,800 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 75.1 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.1 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,874 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 112 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 54.5 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 20.9 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 52 Threatened species, birds 94 Threatened species, fish 54 Threatened species, higher plants 215 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 51.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 159 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.0 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 10.7 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.5 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 940 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,079 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 697 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.0 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,047 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 27.2 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 71.7 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 46,261 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.6 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 39 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 72 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 63 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 82 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 20 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.8 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.2 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.8 7.4 19.1 60 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 735 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Comoros 1.9 GDP ($ millions) 541.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 750 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 664 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 28.2 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 83 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 551 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 94 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.6 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.7 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.0 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 6 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 52.3 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.5 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.2 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 430 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.2 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 60 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,677 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 47 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 97 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 91 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 36 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 30 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 50 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 32 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 86 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 61 Congo, Dem. Rep. Population (millions) 66.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,267 GDP ($ billions) 13.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 180 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 147 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 35.2 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.2 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 10 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 173 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 99 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 68.0 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.0 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 30 Threatened species, birds 35 Threatened species, fish 83 Threatened species, higher plants 80 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 19.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 239 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.9 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.5 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.4 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 193 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 357 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 93.7 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 104 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.4 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.6 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 14,018 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.0 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 18 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 45 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 27 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 79 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 24 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 24 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 24 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 38 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 170 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.0 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.9 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.7 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 11.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 15.9 62 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Congo, Rep. 4.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 342 GDP ($ billions) 11.9 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,150 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 559 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 62.1 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.3 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 116 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 65.6 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 9.4 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 46 Threatened species, higher plants 37 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 65.2 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.5 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –6.9 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 32.8 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 16.7 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 356 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 51.1 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 146 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 36.0 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 64.0 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 56,324 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.0 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 71 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 32 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 95 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 18 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 15 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 20 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 60 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 93 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.0 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.1 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 59.6 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –49.8 –2.1 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 63 Costa Rica Population (millions) 4.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 51 GDP ($ billions) 35.8 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,810 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,590 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 64.3 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.3 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 5,596 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 113 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 51.0 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 20.9 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 19 Threatened species, fish 50 Threatened species, higher plants 112 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 9.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 48.6 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 21.2 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 12.2 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 970 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 418 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,067 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.8 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,813 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 4.9 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 77.8 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 24,484 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.4 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 53 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 91 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 96 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 95 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 29 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.7 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.2 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.7 7.4 19.1 64 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Côte d’Ivoire 19.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 318 GDP ($ billions) 22.8 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,160 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 954 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 50.1 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.4 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,056 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 108 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.7 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 22.6 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 23 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 45 Threatened species, higher plants 106 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 73.5 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.4 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 15.2 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.07 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 99.6 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 535 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 75.2 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 203 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 62.0 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 35.9 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,971 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.7 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 43 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 80 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 68 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 91 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 24 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 11 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 36 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 29 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 123 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.4 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.4 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.4 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.3 –2.1 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 65 Croatia Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 56 GDP ($ billions) 60.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,890 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,493 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 57.8 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 16,423 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 114 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.2 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 13.0 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 60 Threatened species, higher plants 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 66.8 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.4 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,965 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.2 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,712 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 46.3 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 53.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.3 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,512 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.6 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 97 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 25 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.6 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.8 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.7 7.1 66 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 11.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cuba 106 GDP ($ billions) 62.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,520 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,685 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 75.7 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 63 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,618 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.0 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.7 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 6.4 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 14 Threatened species, birds 17 Threatened species, fish 34 Threatened species, higher plants 155 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 12.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 55.4 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –9.6 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.0 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.4 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,020 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,944 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,022 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.8 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,348 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.2 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.9 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.8 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,385 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.8 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 75 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 89 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 96 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 81 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 94 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 15 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.3 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 13.4 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 67 Curaçao Population (thousands) 143 Land area (sq. km) 444 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) .. 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 12.9 Threatened species, mammals .. Threatened species, birds .. Threatened species, fish .. Threatened species, higher plants .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 68 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cyprus 9.2 GDP ($ billions) 23.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,430 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 17,722 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 70.3 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.1 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 14 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 7,927 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 87 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 18.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.4 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.5 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 16 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.5 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.9 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 19.1 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.56 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,298 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.8 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,620 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.2 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.9 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 715 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.3 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 28 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.5 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.3 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.9 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.5 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 69 Czech Republic Population (millions) 10.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 77 GDP ($ billions) 192.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,890 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 14,638 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 73.5 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 6,415 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.4 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 15.1 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 2 Threatened species, higher plants 8 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 24.4 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.4 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.4 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,004 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.6 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,114 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 61.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.2 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,254 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 13.3 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 97 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 17 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.5 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.6 7.1 70 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Denmark 42 GDP ($ billions) 312.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 59,400 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 48,547 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 87.2 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 62 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 53,407 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 107 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.8 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) -1.0 -0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 4.9 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 15 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 868 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) -2.8 -1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) -0.3 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.2 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,369 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 16.2 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,246 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 70.4 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.4 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,086 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.8 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 36 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 16 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.4 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.0 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.3 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.9 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 71 Djibouti Population (thousands) 889 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23 GDP ($ billions) 1.0 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 3,874 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,172 3,091 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 88.1 58.0 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.0 2.5 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 73 23 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 80 2,627 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 132 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.3 2.4 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 -0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.0 3.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 16 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.1 3,614 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.5 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 13.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.24 2.0 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 450 5,700 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.0 217 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 170 1,399 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 0.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,497 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 93.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 4.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 3.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 344 695 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.3 70.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 16 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 89 87 Rural (% of rural population) 54 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 99 94 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 50 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 10 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 63 94 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 49 66 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 91 34 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.7 19.2 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 12.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.8 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. -1.6 13.8 72 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 68 Land area (sq. km) Dominica 750 GDP ($ millions) 466.4 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,740 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,894 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 74.6 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.3 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 32 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 5,927 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 110 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 60.0 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 21.7 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 9 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.74 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.1 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.13 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.10 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 628 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 92 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 96 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 81 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 84 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 80 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 21 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 1.2 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.7 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 73 Dominican Republic Population (millions) 9.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 51.8 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,030 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,451 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 70.5 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.8 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 51 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 5,083 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 116 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.8 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 22.2 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 27 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 6.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.5 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.5 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.5 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 30.4 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 610 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 212 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 826 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 21.8 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,358 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 90.0 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.8 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.2 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,144 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.6 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 64 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 86 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 84 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 87 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 75 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 87 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 16 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 7.5 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.9 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.6 7.4 19.1 74 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 14.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ecuador 248 GDP ($ billions) 58.0 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,850 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,998 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 66.9 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.7 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,040 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 115 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 39.7 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.7 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 25.1 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 43 Threatened species, birds 73 Threatened species, fish 50 Threatened species, higher plants 1,714 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 29.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 664 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.5 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.5 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 75.4 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,583 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 796 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.4 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,115 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 44.4 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 53.5 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 30,291 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.6 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 89 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 96 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 84 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 96 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 20 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.1 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.4 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.9 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.2 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 75 Egypt, Arab Rep. Population (millions) 81.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 995 GDP ($ billions) 218.9 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,420 3,874 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,184 3,091 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 42.8 58.0 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.7 2.5 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 4 23 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,265 2,627 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 118 132 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 2.4 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.3 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.9 3.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 17 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 39 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,305 3,614 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.2 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 14.4 13.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.3 2.0 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,800 5,700 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 5.1 217 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 903 1,399 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.1 0.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,549 1,497 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 89.9 93.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.3 4.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.7 3.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 23 695 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 119.0 70.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 89 87 Rural (% of rural population) 99 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 100 94 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 93 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 97 94 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 88 66 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 34 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.2 19.2 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.3 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 6.8 12.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.6 –1.6 13.8 76 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) El Salvador 21 GDP ($ billions) 21.2 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,380 7,733 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,991 6,894 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 61.3 79.3 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 2.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 36 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,752 3,663 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 109 131 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 13.9 47.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 0.5 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.8 20.2 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 14 Threatened species, higher plants 24 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 40.5 13,464 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.5 -1.6 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 10.3 11.2 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.1 13.1 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,280 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 252 39,997 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 828 1,245 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 33.8 17.0 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 845 1,892 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 43.7 37.8 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 26.0 55.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 2.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,881 23,323 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.5 1.6 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 55 68 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 94 87 Rural (% of rural population) 76 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 94 98 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 87 79 47 Rural (% of rural population) 83 59 34 Urban (% of urban population) 89 84 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 28 30 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.2 20.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.6 12.1 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.7 7.4 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 77 Equatorial Guinea Population (thousands) 700 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 14.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,550 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,347 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 39.7 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.8 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 993 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 116 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 58.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.7 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 19.2 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 19 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 29 Threatened species, higher plants 68 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.4 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.6 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 253 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,732 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.3 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 38,173 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 51 100 Rural (% of rural population) 42 98 Urban (% of urban population) 66 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 89 100 Rural (% of rural population) 87 99 Urban (% of urban population) 92 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 7 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 121 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.8 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 49.4 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 78 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Eritrea 101 GDP ($ billions) 2.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 369 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 21.6 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.1 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 66 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 99 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 15.2 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.3 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.0 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.3 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,260 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 102 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 142 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 77.4 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 51 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.3 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 549 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.2 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 60 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 57 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 74 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 4 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 52 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 64 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 61 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.6 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.7 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 79 Estonia Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 42 GDP ($ billions) 19.2 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,460 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,747 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 69.5 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.9 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 22 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,156 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 115 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 20.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 96.0 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –6.2 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.4 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 26.5 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,543 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.7 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,950 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.1 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.4 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 13.6 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,483 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.0 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 97 98 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 94 99 Urban (% of urban population) 96 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 9 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.3 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.0 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.5 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.6 7.1 80 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 83.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ethiopia 1,000 GDP ($ billions) 29.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 316 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 17.6 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.4 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 226 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 122 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.3 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 18.4 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 33 Threatened species, birds 24 Threatened species, fish 14 Threatened species, higher plants 24 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 8.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 18.1 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.7 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.8 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 402 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 92.0 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 46 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 12.4 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 87.3 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,503 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.6 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 44 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 34 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 97 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 21 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 19 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 29 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 51 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 106 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.7 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.4 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.0 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.5 –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 81 Faeroe Islands Population (thousands) 49 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.4 GDP ($ billions) 2.2 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 42.5 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 2 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 102 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 8 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 441 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.7 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 14.6 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 9 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.1 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 82 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 860 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ billions) Fiji 3.2 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,630 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,201 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 53.4 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.1 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,733 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 84 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 55.5 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.3 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 61 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 42.1 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –10.0 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.06 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 10,020 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 425 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 627 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 33,497 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 61 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 95 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 71 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 94 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 19 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 6.3 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.0 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.6 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 83 Finland Population (millions) 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 304 GDP ($ billions) 238.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 47,570 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 37,864 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 63.9 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 8 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 47,514 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 72.9 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 9.0 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 6 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 171 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.2 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.0 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,213 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 20.9 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,242 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 30.3 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 17.6 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.6 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 20,042 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 15 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.3 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.0 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.7 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.7 7.1 84 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 64.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) France 548 GDP ($ billions) 2,560.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,370 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 34,718 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 77.8 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 57,973 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 29.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 16.5 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 44 Threatened species, higher plants 27 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 5.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 651 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.9 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.7 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 21.3 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,970 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.9 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,488 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 10.4 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 10.6 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.9 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,099 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 15.0 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 12 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 12 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.2 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.5 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 85 French Polynesia Population (thousands) 271 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 3.7 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 51.6 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 111 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –5.3 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 32 Threatened species, fish 22 Threatened species, higher plants 47 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 4.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13.1 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.8 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –4.0 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.06 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,000 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.4 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 38,264 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 97 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 86 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Gabon 258 GDP ($ billions) 13.0 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,740 1,176 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,086 946 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 86.0 37.4 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 4.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 20 45 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,972 322 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 115 130 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 85.4 28.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.6 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 15.1 11.7 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 14 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 61 Threatened species, higher plants 120 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 32.2 6,190 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.4 1.8 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 24.5 16.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.3 5.8 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,598 27,815 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,214 689 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 61.8 57.3 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 922 511 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 46.4 65.2 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 53.2 18.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 0.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 110,997 4,635 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 2.2 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 38 84 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 61 93 Rural (% of rural population) 41 49 86 Urban (% of urban population) 95 83 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 33 31 73 Rural (% of rural population) 30 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 33 42 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 5 46 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 74 121 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 49.7 18.0 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.3 10.9 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 33.0 9.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.6 –2.1 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 87 Gambia, The Population (millions) 1.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ millions) 806.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 390 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 58.1 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.0 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 67 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 282 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 119 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 48.0 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.4 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.5 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 23 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 46.4 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.9 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –4.3 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.06 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 581 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 84 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,784 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.9 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 28 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 85 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 92 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 68 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 65 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 70 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 61 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 98 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.7 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.7 –2.1 15.9 88 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Georgia 69 GDP ($ billions) 11.7 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,690 7,272 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,313 5,727 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 52.9 64.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.6 0.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 36 28 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,817 3,204 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 72 126 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 39.5 38.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 0.0 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 3.7 7.5 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 31.1 5,573 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –6.0 –3.1 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.3 –0.9 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.45 10.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 723 2,831 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.0 1.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,585 3,859 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 13.4 65.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 86.6 18.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 7.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 13,179 12,885 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.6 5.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 63 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 96 87 Rural (% of rural population) 96 91 83 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 84 47 Rural (% of rural population) 93 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 54 23 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.0 23.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.7 12.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 8.6 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.5 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.7 4.8 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 89 Germany Population (millions) 81.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 349 GDP ($ billions) 3,280.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,070 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 35,258 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 73.8 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 48 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 32,866 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 105 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.8 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.2 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 42.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 23 Threatened species, higher plants 13 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 263 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.9 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.3 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 40.3 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,889 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.8 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,779 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 58.9 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.2 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.6 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,306 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 21.0 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 16 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.7 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.2 7.1 90 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 24.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ghana 228 GDP ($ billions) 31.3 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,230 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,044 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 51.5 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.2 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 68 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 119 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 21.7 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 14.7 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 44 Threatened species, higher plants 117 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 361 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.6 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 18.2 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.01 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 137 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 388 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 69.8 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 265 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 23.2 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 76.8 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,272 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 86 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 80 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 91 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 14 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 8 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 19 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 21 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 20 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 74 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.8 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.3 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 6.5 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.6 –2.1 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 91 Gibraltar Population (thousands) 29 Land area (sq. km) 10 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 4.7 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 14 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,597 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,947 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 14.4 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 92 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 11.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Greece 129 GDP ($ billions) 301.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,950 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 22,274 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 61.4 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 86 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 30.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.8 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 16.2 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 75 Threatened species, higher plants 52 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 196 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.3 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 13.2 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.6 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,609 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.4 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,540 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 86.6 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.8 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.7 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,141 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.7 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 97 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 31 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 4.8 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –6.7 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 93 Greenland Population (thousands) 57 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 410 GDP ($ billions) 1.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,020 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 84.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.3 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 40.5 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 209 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.9 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 36.3 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.2 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 10,662,187 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.4 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 94 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 104 Land area (sq. km) Grenada 340 GDP ($ millions) 773.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,960 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 31.0 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,932 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 97 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.0 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.7 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.5 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.3 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.02 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 150 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 784 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.4 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 97 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 97 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 96 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 19 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –5.6 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.3 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 95 Guam Population (thousands) 179 Land area (sq. km) 540 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 93.2 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.6 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 111 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 48.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 26.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 8 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.42 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.4 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.5 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.77 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 220 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.97 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 96 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 14.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Guatemala 107 GDP ($ billions) 41.2 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,740 7,733 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,438 6,894 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 49.5 79.3 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.3 2.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 41 36 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,803 3,663 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 122 131 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.1 47.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.3 0.5 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 30.6 20.2 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 25 Threatened species, higher plants 72 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 8.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 44.7 13,464 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.9 –1.6 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 17.5 11.2 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 12.5 13.1 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,280 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 177 39,997 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 701 1,245 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 52.1 17.0 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 548 1,892 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 42.7 37.8 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 23.3 55.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 2.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,781 23,323 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.6 1.6 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 55 68 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 94 87 Rural (% of rural population) 87 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 98 98 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 78 79 47 Rural (% of rural population) 70 59 34 Urban (% of urban population) 87 84 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 68 30 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.3 20.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 12.1 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.4 7.4 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 97 Guinea Population (millions) 10.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 246 GDP ($ billions) 4.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 329 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 35.4 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.9 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 242 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 107 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 26.6 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 6.8 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 22 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 65 Threatened species, higher plants 22 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 110 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.7 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 16.2 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,033 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 23,153 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 84 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 65 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 90 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 18 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 11 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 32 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 54 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 130 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.5 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.2 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 12.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –10.6 –2.1 15.9 98 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Guinea-Bissau 1.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ millions) 878.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 590 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 530 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 30.0 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.3 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 71.9 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 16.1 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 32 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.8 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 45.8 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,982 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 67 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 10,781 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.6 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 64 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 53 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 91 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 20 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 9 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 44 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 45 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 150 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.0 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 99 Guyana Population (thousands) 755 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 197 GDP ($ billions) 2.2 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,870 7,733 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,486 6,894 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 28.5 79.3 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 2.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 36 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,265 3,663 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 100 131 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 77.2 47.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.5 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.0 20.2 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 28 Threatened species, higher plants 21 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 45.7 13,464 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 –1.6 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 12.1 11.2 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.1 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,280 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 396 39,997 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 667 1,245 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.0 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,892 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.8 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 2.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 320,048 23,323 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 1.6 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 68 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 94 87 Rural (% of rural population) 93 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 98 98 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 84 79 47 Rural (% of rural population) 82 59 34 Urban (% of urban population) 88 84 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 22 30 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.1 20.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 12.1 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 6.0 1.6 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.7 7.4 13.8 100 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Haiti 28 GDP ($ billions) 6.7 Latin America & Low- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 670 7,733 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 600 6,894 472 Urban population (% of total) 49.6 79.3 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.5 2.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 67 36 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 3,663 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 106 131 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.7 47.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.7 0.5 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.3 20.2 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 26 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 5.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.5 13,464 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.4 –1.6 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 11.2 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.1 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 450 15,280 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 136 39,997 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 263 1,245 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 71.2 17.0 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 36 1,892 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.3 37.8 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 28.7 55.5 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 2.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,319 23,323 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.6 1.6 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 78 68 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 69 94 65 Rural (% of rural population) 51 81 57 Urban (% of urban population) 85 98 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 17 79 37 Rural (% of rural population) 10 59 32 Urban (% of urban population) 24 84 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 33 30 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 28 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 24 .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 165 23 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.2 20.9 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.2 12.1 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.5 4.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.0 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.1 7.4 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 101 Honduras Population (millions) 7.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 112 GDP ($ billions) 15.4 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,870 7,733 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,741 6,894 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 48.8 79.3 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.2 2.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 36 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,041 3,663 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 103 131 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.4 47.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.2 0.5 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 18.2 20.2 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 27 Threatened species, higher plants 107 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 7.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 38.6 13,464 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.9 –1.6 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.0 11.2 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.9 13.1 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 810 15,280 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 628 39,997 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 592 1,245 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 44.3 17.0 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 678 1,892 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 54.9 37.8 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 42.5 55.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 2.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 12,877 23,323 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.2 1.6 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 58 68 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 94 87 Rural (% of rural population) 79 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 95 98 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 79 47 Rural (% of rural population) 69 59 34 Urban (% of urban population) 85 84 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 34 30 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 17 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.9 20.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.1 12.1 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.6 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.2 7.4 13.8 102 2012 The Little Green Data Book Hong Kong SAR, China Population (millions) 7.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.0 GDP ($ billions) 224.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 32,780 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 28,134 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.1 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 41.8 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 20 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 6 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 172 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.4 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –4.2 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,133 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.4 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,925 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.5 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.3 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 103 Hungary Population (millions) 10.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 91 GDP ($ billions) 128.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,860 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,602 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 68.3 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 8,522 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 94 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.4 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.6 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.1 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 8 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 20.5 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –4.7 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.1 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,480 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.1 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,773 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 48.7 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.6 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.4 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 599 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.4 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 15 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.5 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.9 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.9 7.1 104 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 318 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Iceland 100 GDP ($ billions) 12.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 32,640 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 25,909 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 92.3 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 56,880 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 104 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –6.2 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 19.7 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,066 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.7 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.9 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.9 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 16,405 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 51,259 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 72.9 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.0 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 533,754 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 42 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 16 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 2.0 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.4 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.9 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –6.7 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 105 India Population (millions) 1,224.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,973 GDP ($ billions) 1,727.1 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,207 1,111 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 30.1 30.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.5 2.7 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 61 55 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 489 521 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 114 123 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 23.0 17.1 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.0 5.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 94 Threatened species, birds 78 Threatened species, fish 212 Threatened species, higher plants 291 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 39.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9,348 13,567 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.7 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.9 8.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.7 1.7 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,790 15,440 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,326 10,343 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 560 514 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 24.5 26.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 571 517 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 83.8 81.6 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.9 13.6 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 1.2 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,197 1,236 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 39.8 33.4 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 90 88 83 Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 34 38 47 Rural (% of rural population) 23 28 34 Urban (% of urban population) 58 60 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 57 68 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 9 10 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 11 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 63 67 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 34.0 32.7 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.3 9.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 2.9 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 2.3 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 1.1 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.7 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.8 20.9 13.8 106 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 239.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Indonesia 1,812 GDP ($ billions) 706.6 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,500 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,372 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 53.7 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.1 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 730 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 120 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.1 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.1 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 14.1 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 184 Threatened species, birds 119 Threatened species, fish 140 Threatened species, higher plants 385 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 81.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11,600 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.9 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 12.4 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.0 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 51,020 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 31,894 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 851 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.0 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 590 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 86.7 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.3 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,504 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.6 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 74 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 92 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 54 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 39 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 73 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 68 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 35 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.9 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.3 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.8 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 107 Iran, Islamic Rep. Population (millions) 74.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,629 GDP ($ billions) 331.0 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,520 3,874 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,110 3,091 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 69.5 58.0 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.5 2.5 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 23 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,104 2,627 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 104 132 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.8 2.4 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 7.1 3.9 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 20 Threatened species, fish 29 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 7.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 664 3,614 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.1 2.9 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.0 13.4 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.7 2.0 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 5,700 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 192 217 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,951 1,399 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.2 0.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,238 1,497 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.3 93.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.6 4.9 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.4 3.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,757 695 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 67.7 70.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 86 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 89 93 Rural (% of rural population) 92 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 97 94 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 88 73 Rural (% of rural population) 100 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 100 94 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 55 66 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 34 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.2 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 19.2 12.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –1.6 19.1 108 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 32.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Iraq 434 GDP ($ billions) 82.2 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,340 3,874 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,061 3,091 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 66.4 58.0 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 2.5 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 20 23 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 2,627 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 92 132 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.9 2.4 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.1 3.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 13 Threatened species, birds 16 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 46.0 3,614 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 13.6 13.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 2.0 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,035 1,399 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,069 1,497 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.0 93.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.0 4.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.4 3.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,132 695 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 87.3 70.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 89 87 Rural (% of rural population) 56 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 91 94 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 73 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 67 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 76 94 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 110 66 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 39 34 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.2 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.6 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 45.7 12.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 4.0 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –1.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 109 Ireland Population (millions) 4.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 69 GDP ($ billions) 206.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,820 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 31,739 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 61.9 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.6 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 61 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 13,931 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 91 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.3 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.8 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 365 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.8 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.18 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,216 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.2 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,034 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 76.1 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.2 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.9 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 10,989 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 12 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.8 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.9 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.5 7.1 110 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 83 Land area (sq. km) Isle of Man 570 GDP ($ billions) 4.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 48,910 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 50.6 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.7 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 74 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 5.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 0 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 2 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.8 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 111 Israel Population (millions) 7.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 22 GDP ($ billions) 217.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 27,180 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 23,730 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 91.7 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 104 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.8 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 17.8 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 15 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 36 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 22.2 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –6.0 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.5 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.45 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <10 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,878 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,608 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.3 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.2 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 100 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 101.9 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 58 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 23 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.9 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.8 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.7 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.3 7.1 112 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 60.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Italy 294 GDP ($ billions) 2,061.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 35,700 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 29,246 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 68.4 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 31,254 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 97 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.9 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 15.1 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 47 Threatened species, higher plants 61 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 388 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.3 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.4 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,735 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.3 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,271 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 75.1 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 17.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.4 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,032 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 23.7 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 44 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 21 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.1 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.7 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.5 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 113 Jamaica Population (millions) 2.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11 GDP ($ billions) 14.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,800 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,409 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 53.7 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 41 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,758 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 106 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.1 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 18.9 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 206 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 4.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 19.5 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.9 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.2 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,240 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 97.5 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,208 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.9 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,902 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.4 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.0 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.5 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,489 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.2 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 34 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 88 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 98 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 82 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 78 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 29 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.9 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.6 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.8 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.6 7.4 19.1 114 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 127.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Japan 365 GDP ($ billions) 5,458.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,850 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 37,986 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 66.8 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 13 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 48,794 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 68.5 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 16.5 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 28 Threatened species, birds 39 Threatened species, fish 64 Threatened species, higher plants 6 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 36.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5,195 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –4.2 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.9 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.5 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,900 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7.4 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,700 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.4 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,819 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 61.4 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.2 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.5 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,371 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 20.9 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 63 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 25 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.2 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.3 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 115 Jordan Population (millions) 6.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 89 GDP ($ billions) 27.6 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,340 3,874 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,060 3,091 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 78.5 58.0 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.6 2.5 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 23 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,401 2,627 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 110 132 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.1 2.4 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.9 3.9 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 13 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.0 3,614 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.6 2.9 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.6 13.4 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 30.0 2.0 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 5,700 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,260 1,399 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,112 1,497 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.5 93.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.4 4.9 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.7 3.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 115 695 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 99.4 70.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 86 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 89 93 Rural (% of rural population) 92 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 98 94 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 88 73 Rural (% of rural population) 98 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 98 94 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 29 66 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 34 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.1 19.2 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.8 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 12.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.4 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.0 –1.6 19.1 116 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 16.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Kazakhstan 2,700 GDP ($ billions) 149.1 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,580 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,108 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 58.5 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 77 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,782 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 126 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.2 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 2.5 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 20 Threatened species, fish 14 Threatened species, higher plants 16 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 5.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 43.2 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.9 –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –17.1 –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,091 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.2 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,448 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.3 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.7 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 15.1 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,686 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 28.9 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 90 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 98 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 97 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 17 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 33 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.6 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.3 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 21.6 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.3 4.8 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 117 Kenya Population (millions) 40.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 569 GDP ($ billions) 31.4 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 790 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 706 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 22.2 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.7 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 48 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 337 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 110 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.1 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.3 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 11.8 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 28 Threatened species, birds 31 Threatened species, fish 68 Threatened species, higher plants 126 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 8.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 155 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.7 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 12.1 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.5 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 630 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 610 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 474 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 76.0 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 147 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 44.1 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 31.6 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 525 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.9 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 59 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 52 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 82 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 32 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 32 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 32 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 30 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 85 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.6 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.3 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.1 –2.1 15.9 118 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 100 Land area (sq. km) Kiribati 810 GDP ($ millions) 151.2 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,000 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 44.0 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.8 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,463 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 104 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 14.8 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 23.2 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 10 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 49.4 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.4 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 22.6 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,940 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2.6 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 116 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 63 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 53 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 77 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 34 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 22 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 49 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 49 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.5 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 119 Korea, Dem. Rep. Population (millions) 24.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 120 GDP ($ billions) .. East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 3,696 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 3,264 472 Urban population (% of total) 63.4 45.9 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 3.3 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 49 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 585 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 100 135 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 47.1 29.6 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 –0.1 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.9 15.0 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 24 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 713 96,136 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –4.1 3.5 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.8 9.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.11 1.4 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 137,690 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 56,537 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 795 1,436 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.4 11.8 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 733 2,095 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 40.9 80.3 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 59.1 16.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.2 4.3 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,764 4,506 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 11.2 9.9 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 73 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 90 65 Rural (% of rural population) 97 84 57 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 66 37 Rural (% of rural population) 71 57 32 Urban (% of urban population) 86 76 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 56 56 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 33 24 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 48.4 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.7 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 3.8 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 15.9 120 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 48.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Korea, Rep.97 GDP ($ billions) 1,014.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,890 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 18,077 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 81.9 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 19,807 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 108 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 64.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 2.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 29 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,110 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.7 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.8 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.9 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,701 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.3 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,980 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.2 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.6 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.5 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,330 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 36.5 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 62 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 88 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 33 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.6 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.9 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 22.1 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 121 Kosovo Population (millions) 1.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11 GDP ($ billions) 5.6 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,290 7,272 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 5,727 1,454 Urban population (% of total) .. 64.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 0.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 52 28 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 3,204 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 126 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 38.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 0.0 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 7.5 9.4 Threatened species, mammals .. Threatened species, birds .. Threatened species, fish .. Threatened species, higher plants .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 5,573 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –3.1 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.9 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,831 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 1.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,859 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 12,885 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 5.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 63 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 96 87 Rural (% of rural population) .. 91 83 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 84 47 Rural (% of rural population) .. 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) .. 87 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.0 12.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 8.6 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.8 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 4.8 13.8 122 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Kuwait 18 GDP ($ billions) 109.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 47,790 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 29,967 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 98.4 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 8 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 110 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.5 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.6 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.4 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.01 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 110 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.05 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 11,402 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 17,610 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 30.1 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 0 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2,465.0 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 95 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 54.9 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.2 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 25.1 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.9 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 123 Kyrgyz Republic Population (millions) 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 192 GDP ($ billions) 4.6 Europe & Central Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 830 7,272 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 658 5,727 472 Urban population (% of total) 36.6 64.1 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.9 0.3 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 28 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 996 3,204 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 126 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 5.0 38.6 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.7 0.0 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 6.9 7.5 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 14 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.35 5,573 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –11.7 –3.1 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –5.5 –0.9 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 559 2,831 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 1.9 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,386 3,859 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 10.7 65.4 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 89.3 18.0 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 7.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,093 12,885 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 43.7 5.0 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 63 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 96 65 Rural (% of rural population) 85 91 57 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 84 37 Rural (% of rural population) 93 80 32 Urban (% of urban population) 94 87 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 35 23 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 38 23 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.3 23.9 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 12.2 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.0 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 8.6 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 6.2 0.8 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.8 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.5 4.8 15.9 124 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Lao PDR 231 GDP ($ billions) 7.3 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,050 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 926 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 33.2 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.8 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 10 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 532 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 125 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 68.2 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 16.6 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 45 Threatened species, birds 23 Threatened species, fish 46 Threatened species, higher plants 17 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 5.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 113 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.7 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.1 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 31,151 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.3 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 67 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 62 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 77 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 63 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 50 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 89 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 45 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 54 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.5 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.4 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.1 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 8.3 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.9 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 125 Latvia Population (millions) 2.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 62 GDP ($ billions) 24.0 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,640 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,761 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 68.2 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.9 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,837 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 118 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 53.9 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 18.0 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 6 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 165 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –5.0 –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –6.8 –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.7 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,871 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 30.0 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,875 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 36.1 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 62.1 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.3 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,424 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.2 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 12 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 96 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 78 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 71 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 82 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 12 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.7 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.0 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.5 4.8 19.1 126 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Lebanon 10 GDP ($ billions) 39.0 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,880 3,874 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,148 3,091 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 87.2 58.0 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 2.5 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 67 23 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 41,013 2,627 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 104 132 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 13.4 2.4 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.2 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.5 3.9 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 22 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.6 3,614 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.1 2.9 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 12.2 13.4 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.11 2.0 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,580 1,399 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.8 0.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,130 1,497 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 95.5 93.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.5 4.9 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.1 3.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,144 695 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 28.1 70.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 60 86 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 89 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 94 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 88 73 Rural (% of rural population) 87 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 100 94 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 28 66 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 34 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.0 19.2 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 12.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.2 –1.6 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 127 Lesotho Population (millions) 2.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 2.1 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,040 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,078 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 26.9 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.7 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 77 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 202 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 100 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.4 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.5 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 1 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.35 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.8 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 14.5 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 9 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,433 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.7 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 78 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 73 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 91 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 26 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 24 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 32 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 43 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 85 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.4 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.3 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.8 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 13.8 128 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Liberia 96 GDP ($ millions) 986.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 200 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 172 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 61.5 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.7 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 27 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 121 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 44.9 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.8 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 18 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 53 Threatened species, higher plants 47 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.0 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.1 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 109 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 52,139 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 34 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 73 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 60 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 88 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 18 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 29 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 31 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 9 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 20 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 103 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –2.7 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.7 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –14.0 –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 129 Libya Population (millions) 6.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,760 GDP ($ billions) 62.4 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,320 3,874 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,843 3,091 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 77.9 58.0 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.1 2.5 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 23 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 2,627 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 104 132 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 2.4 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.1 3.9 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 24 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 50.2 3,614 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.6 2.9 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.4 13.4 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.05 2.0 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,258 1,399 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.8 0.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,170 1,497 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 93.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 4.9 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.5 3.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 96 695 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 718.0 70.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 86 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 89 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) .. 94 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 88 73 Rural (% of rural population) 96 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 97 94 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 81 66 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 34 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 66.8 19.2 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 29.0 12.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.8 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –1.6 19.1 130 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 36 Land area (sq. km) Liechtenstein 160 GDP ($ billions) 4.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 137,070 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 14.2 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.8 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 42.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 0 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 15 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.5 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 131 Lithuania Population (millions) 3.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 63 GDP ($ billions) 36.3 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,510 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,465 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 67.2 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.6 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 5,996 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 110 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.5 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 14.5 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 6 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 153 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.9 –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.9 –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.7 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,512 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.8 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,431 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 19.4 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.9 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.5 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,659 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.6 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 81 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 98 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 86 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 69 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 95 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 15 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.8 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.3 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.4 4.8 19.1 132 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 507 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Luxembourg 2.6 GDP ($ billions) 53.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 76,980 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 58,874 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 82.2 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 51 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 25,881 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 105 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.6 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 20.0 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 0 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 1 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,934 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.3 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 14,424 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 90.2 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.4 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 21.5 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,009 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.9 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 13 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.1 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.3 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.1 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 133 Macao SAR, China Population (thousands) 544 Land area (sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 28.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,880 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.1 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 0 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.5 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.7 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.6 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 54.2 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2.4 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 134 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Macedonia, FYR 2.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 25 GDP ($ billions) 9.2 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,570 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,624 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 67.9 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 5,946 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 114 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 39.6 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 4.9 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.8 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,352 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.0 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,442 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 81.4 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 18.6 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.8 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,625 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.1 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 12 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 88 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 82 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 92 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 18 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.8 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.1 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.8 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.6 4.8 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 135 Madagascar Population (millions) 20.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 582 GDP ($ billions) 8.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 430 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 380 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 30.2 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.3 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 187 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 112 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 21.6 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 3.1 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 65 Threatened species, birds 35 Threatened species, fish 85 Threatened species, higher plants 273 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 29.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 140 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.1 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 20.1 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.12 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,230 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,991 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 16,746 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.4 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 97 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 46 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 34 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 74 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 15 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 12 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 21 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 30 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 8 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 62 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 8.1 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.7 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.7 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.2 –2.1 15.9 136 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 14.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Malawi 94 GDP ($ billions) 5.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 303 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 19.8 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.0 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 169 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 127 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.3 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.9 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 15.0 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 101 Threatened species, higher plants 12 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 101 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 14.9 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,118 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.6 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 84 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 83 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 80 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 95 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 51 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 51 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 49 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 33 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 92 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.0 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.5 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.5 –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 137 Malaysia Population (millions) 28.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 329 GDP ($ billions) 237.8 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,760 3,696 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,545 3,264 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 72.2 45.9 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.1 3.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 49 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 6,680 585 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 114 135 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 62.3 29.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 18.1 15.0 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 70 Threatened species, birds 45 Threatened species, fish 64 Threatened species, higher plants 674 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 13.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2,014 96,136 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.1 3.5 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 12.7 9.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.0 1.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,600 137,690 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7,097 56,537 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,391 1,436 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.5 11.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,614 2,095 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.7 80.3 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.3 16.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.6 4.3 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 20,752 4,506 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.3 9.9 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 34 73 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 84 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 66 73 Rural (% of rural population) 95 57 62 Urban (% of urban population) 96 76 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 19 56 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 24 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 34.1 48.4 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 6.9 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.5 32.6 19.1 138 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 316 Land area (sq. km) Maldives 300 GDP ($ billions) 1.9 Upper South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,750 1,176 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,071 1,111 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 40.5 30.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.1 2.7 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 27 55 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,450 521 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 96 123 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.3 17.1 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 5.9 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 95.0 13,567 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 2.9 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 8.4 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 1.7 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 8,920 15,440 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 985 514 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 26.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 517 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.6 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.6 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.0 1.2 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 96 1,236 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 15.7 33.4 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 91 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 97 88 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 38 73 Rural (% of rural population) 97 28 62 Urban (% of urban population) 98 60 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 30 68 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 10 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 5 11 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 67 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.0 32.7 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 9.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 2.9 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.7 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.4 20.9 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 139 Mali Population (millions) 15.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,220 GDP ($ billions) 9.3 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 600 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 474 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 33.3 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.6 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 34 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 462 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 146 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.2 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 2.4 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 7 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 102 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 28.9 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,024 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.5 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 64 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 51 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 87 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 22 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 14 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 35 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 106 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 178 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.6 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 9.8 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.7 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.4 –2.1 15.9 140 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 416 Land area (sq. km) Malta 320 GDP ($ billions) 8.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,130 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 94.7 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 28 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 35,113 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 95 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.9 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 17.3 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 17 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.8 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.3 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 41.1 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.40 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,931 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,416 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.2 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 122 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 71.3 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 35 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.1 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.8 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 141 Marshall Islands Population (thousands) 54 Land area (sq. km) 180 GDP ($ millions) 162.9 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,640 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 71.8 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 72 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 133 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 72.2 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 3.1 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 59.7 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 30.8 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.61 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,110 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 610 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 99 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 92 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 75 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 53 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 83 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.5 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 13.8 142 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Mauritania 1,031 GDP ($ billions) 3.6 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,030 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 605 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 41.4 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.0 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 404 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 107 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.2 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.7 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.5 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 15 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 32 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 276 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.4 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 32.1 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 118 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.0 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 50 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 48 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 52 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 26 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 9 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 51 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 68 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 111 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.8 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 33.9 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 143 Mauritius Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2.0 GDP ($ billions) 9.7 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,750 1,176 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,772 946 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 42.6 37.4 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 4.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 48 45 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 6,401 322 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 130 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 17.2 28.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 0.6 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 4.5 11.7 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 88 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.4 6,190 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.9 1.8 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 10.4 16.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.28 5.8 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 870 18,550 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.2 27,815 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 947 689 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.1 0.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,158 4,635 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 26.4 2.2 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 84 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 61 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 49 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 83 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 89 31 73 Rural (% of rural population) 88 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 91 42 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 14 46 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 121 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.1 18.0 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.5 10.9 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.6 –2.1 19.1 144 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 204 Land area (sq. km) Mayotte 370 GDP ($ millions) .. Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,176 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 946 5,052 Urban population (% of total) .. 37.4 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 4.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 54 45 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 130 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.8 28.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 0.6 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 2.5 11.7 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 21.0 6,190 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 13.7 1.8 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.87 5.8 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 570 18,550 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7.1 27,815 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 0.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,635 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.2 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 84 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 61 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 49 86 Urban (% of urban population) .. 83 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 31 73 Rural (% of rural population) .. 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) .. 42 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 46 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 121 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.9 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 9.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 145 Mexico Population (millions) 113.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,944 GDP ($ billions) 1,034.8 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,890 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,405 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 77.8 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.9 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,302 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.3 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 11.1 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 100 Threatened species, birds 56 Threatened species, fish 152 Threatened species, higher plants 191 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 68.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,650 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 9.0 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.7 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,780 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 6,557 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,559 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.8 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,943 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 81.9 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 10.2 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.3 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,651 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.5 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 91 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 97 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 79 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 87 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 33 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.6 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.4 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.0 7.4 19.1 146 2012 The Little Green Data Book Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Population (thousands) 111 Land area (sq. km) 700 GDP ($ millions) 297.5 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,740 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 22.7 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 86 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 91.4 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 4.0 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 16 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 30.9 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 14.3 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.06 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 4,340 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 87.0 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 94 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 25 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 15 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 61 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 42 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.7 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 147 Moldova Population (millions) 3.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 33 GDP ($ billions) 5.8 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,810 7,272 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,606 5,727 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 41.2 64.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.8 0.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 28 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,610 3,204 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 91 126 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.7 38.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.0 0.0 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.4 7.5 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 8 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 10.0 5,573 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.8 –3.1 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 –0.9 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 687 2,831 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.3 1.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,018 3,859 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.4 65.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.5 18.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.3 7.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 280 12,885 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.4 5.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 40 63 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 96 87 Rural (% of rural population) 93 91 83 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 84 47 Rural (% of rural population) 82 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 89 87 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 33 23 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 7 .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.7 23.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 12.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.7 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 8.6 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.8 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.9 4.8 13.8 148 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 35 Land area (sq. km) Monaco 2.0 GDP ($ billions) 6.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 183,150 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.7 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 23.7 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.00 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.4 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 100.0 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.8 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 149 Mongolia Population (millions) 2.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,554 GDP ($ billions) 6.2 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,870 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,162 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 57.5 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,524 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 146 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.0 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.7 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 13.4 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 20 Threatened species, fish 1 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 4.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.09 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.6 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,194 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.2 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,411 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.1 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 12,833 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.4 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 44 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 53 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 51 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 29 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 64 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 101 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.8 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 17.5 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 14.8 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 2.8 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –12.6 32.6 13.8 150 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 632 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Montenegro 13 GDP ($ billions) 4.1 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,740 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 59.5 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.3 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,684 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 99 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.4 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 13.3 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 25 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.9 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.85 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,384 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.1 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 96 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 87 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 92 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 4.8 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 151 Morocco Population (millions) 32.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 446 GDP ($ billions) 90.8 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,850 3,874 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,437 3,091 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 56.7 58.0 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.1 2.5 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 67 23 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,315 2,627 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 117 132 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.5 2.4 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.5 3.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 18 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 47 Threatened species, higher plants 28 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,138 3,614 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.7 13.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 2.0 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 477 1,399 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.2 0.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 756 1,497 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 86.0 93.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.1 4.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 3.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 917 695 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 43.4 70.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 83 89 87 Rural (% of rural population) 61 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 98 94 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 70 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 52 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 83 94 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 23 66 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 34 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.5 19.2 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 12.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 0.4 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 24.1 –1.6 13.8 152 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Mozambique 23.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 786 GDP ($ billions) 9.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 440 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 358 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 38.4 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.7 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 63 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 234 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 49.6 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 15.8 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 24 Threatened species, fish 55 Threatened species, higher plants 40 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 7.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 152 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.4 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 26.2 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.3 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,860 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,909 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 427 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 81.8 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 453 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.1 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.9 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,388 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 47 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 29 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 77 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 18 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 5 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 38 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 24 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 135 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.0 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.7 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.2 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.7 –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 153 Myanmar Population (millions) 48.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 654 GDP ($ millions) .. East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 3,696 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 3,264 472 Urban population (% of total) 33.9 45.9 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.5 3.3 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 49 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 585 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 126 135 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 48.6 29.6 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 –0.1 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 6.3 15.0 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 45 Threatened species, birds 43 Threatened species, fish 39 Threatened species, higher plants 37 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 10.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,914 96,136 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.4 3.5 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 27.0 9.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.31 1.4 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,870 137,690 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 5,029 56,537 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 316 1,436 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 69.9 11.8 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 104 2,095 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 28.5 80.3 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 71.5 16.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 4.3 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 21,071 4,506 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.8 9.9 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 73 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 83 90 65 Rural (% of rural population) 78 84 57 Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 76 66 37 Rural (% of rural population) 73 57 32 Urban (% of urban population) 83 76 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 41 56 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 66 24 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 48.4 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.7 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.8 2.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 3.8 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.1 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 15.9 154 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Namibia 823 GDP ($ billions) 12.2 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,510 1,176 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,665 946 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 38.0 37.4 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.0 4.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 45 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 881 322 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 90 130 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.9 28.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.9 0.6 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 14.9 11.7 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 25 Threatened species, fish 27 Threatened species, higher plants 25 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 5.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 371 6,190 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.7 1.8 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 19.2 16.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.2 5.8 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 764 689 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.0 57.3 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,576 511 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 18.0 65.2 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 82.0 18.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 0.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,747 4,635 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.7 2.2 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 84 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 61 93 Rural (% of rural population) 90 49 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 83 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 32 31 73 Rural (% of rural population) 17 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 57 42 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 45 46 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 15 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 40 121 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 34.2 18.0 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.1 10.9 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.0 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 1.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 30.1 –2.1 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 155 Nepal Population (millions) 30.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 143 GDP ($ billions) 15.7 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 474 1,111 472 Urban population (% of total) 18.2 30.1 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.8 2.7 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 55 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 238 521 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 110 123 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.4 17.1 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 –0.1 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 17.0 5.9 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 31 Threatened species, birds 31 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 49.7 13,567 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.3 2.9 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.7 8.4 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 1.7 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 338 514 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 85.8 26.8 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 91 517 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.4 81.6 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.6 13.6 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 1.2 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,734 1,236 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.7 33.4 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 91 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 90 65 Rural (% of rural population) 88 88 57 Urban (% of urban population) 93 95 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 31 38 37 Rural (% of rural population) 27 28 32 Urban (% of urban population) 48 60 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 30 68 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 10 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 11 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 50 67 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.9 32.7 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.8 9.2 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 2.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 0.6 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.7 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 27.6 20.9 15.9 156 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Netherlands 16.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 34 GDP ($ billions) 779.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 49,030 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 39,531 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 82.9 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 57 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 47,805 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 108 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.8 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 12.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 456 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.2 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.0 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 22.1 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,729 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.4 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,896 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 85.3 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.6 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 665 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 11.7 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 30 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.6 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.2 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.8 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 157 New Caledonia Population (thousands) 247 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 65.5 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.4 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 14 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 45.9 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 60.2 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 26 Threatened species, higher plants 230 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 8.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.0 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.1 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.4 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.7 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,980 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 227 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.9 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 53 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 158 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) New Zealand 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 263 GDP ($ billions) 126.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 28,770 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 23,937 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 86.8 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.3 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 26,556 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.4 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 26.2 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 70 Threatened species, fish 23 Threatened species, higher plants 19 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 20.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 547 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.0 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.8 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 261 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,032 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.3 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,346 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 28.2 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 55.7 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.8 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 75,768 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 12 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.1 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.0 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.5 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 159 Nicaragua Population (millions) 5.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 120 GDP ($ billions) 6.6 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,110 7,733 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 965 6,894 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 57.3 79.3 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.2 2.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 36 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,779 3,663 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 115 131 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.9 47.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 0.5 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 36.7 20.2 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 30 Threatened species, higher plants 40 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 54.4 13,464 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 13.3 –1.6 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 31.2 11.2 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 37.2 13.1 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 15,280 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 671 39,997 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 540 1,245 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 45.9 17.0 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 460 1,892 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 69.1 37.8 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.6 55.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 2.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 33,221 23,323 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 1.6 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 84 68 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 94 87 Rural (% of rural population) 68 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 98 98 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 52 79 47 Rural (% of rural population) 37 59 34 Urban (% of urban population) 63 84 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 24 30 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.4 20.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.3 12.1 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 1.6 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.9 7.4 13.8 160 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 15.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Niger 1,267 GDP ($ billions) 5.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 370 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 334 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 16.7 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.9 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 132 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.0 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.4 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 7.1 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 4 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 30.0 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.6 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.4 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 234 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.0 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 49 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 39 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 100 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 9 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 4 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 34 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 92 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 21 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 143 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.5 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.2 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.3 –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 161 Nigeria Population (millions) 158.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 911 GDP ($ billions) 193.7 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,180 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 760 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 49.8 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.1 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 82 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 92 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 9.9 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.2 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 12.8 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 26 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 59 Threatened species, higher plants 171 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 6.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 818 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 18.0 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.16 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7,356 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 701 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 84.9 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 121 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 77.1 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 22.9 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,431 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.6 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 53 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 43 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 74 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 31 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 27 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 35 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 42 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 10 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 143 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.9 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.9 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 21.7 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 13.8 162 2012 The Little Green Data Book Northern Mariana Islands Population (thousands) 61 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 91.3 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.7 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 65.2 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 12.8 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.27 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.7 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 28.7 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.07 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 97 98 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 94 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 163 Norway Population (millions) 4.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 305 GDP ($ billions) 417.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 87,350 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 65,757 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 77.6 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.1 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 46,480 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 103 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.9 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 14.6 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,683 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 10.0 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.4 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,849 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.1 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 23,550 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 3.3 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 95.7 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.5 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 79,110 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 29 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 15 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.2 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.5 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.0 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 10.2 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.4 7.1 164 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Oman 310 GDP ($ billions) 46.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,260 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,431 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 71.7 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.4 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 6 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 97 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.7 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 26 Threatened species, higher plants 6 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 164 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.6 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 530 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.9 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,554 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,724 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 17.3 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 516 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 86.6 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 100 Rural (% of rural population) 78 98 Urban (% of urban population) 93 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 95 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 82 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 39.7 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.5 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 28.5 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –8.5 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 165 Pakistan Population (millions) 173.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 771 GDP ($ billions) 176.9 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,050 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 939 1,111 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 37.0 30.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.1 2.7 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 34 55 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 947 521 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 115 123 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.2 17.1 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.1 5.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 23 Threatened species, birds 27 Threatened species, fish 34 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 4.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 593 13,567 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.2 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 14.1 8.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.8 1.7 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 977 10,343 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 502 514 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 34.5 26.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 449 517 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 67.5 81.6 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 29.4 13.6 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 1.2 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 323 1,236 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 79.5 33.4 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 89 88 83 Urban (% of urban population) 96 95 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 48 38 47 Rural (% of rural population) 34 28 34 Urban (% of urban population) 72 60 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 101 68 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 14 10 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 22 11 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 87 67 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.0 32.7 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 9.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 2.9 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 2.3 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.1 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.6 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.7 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.4 20.9 13.8 166 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 20 Land area (sq. km) Palau 460 GDP ($ millions) 171.3 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,560 3,696 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 3,264 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 82.7 45.9 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.4 3.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 49 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 585 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 135 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 87.0 29.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 2.0 15.0 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 14 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.0 96,136 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.4 3.5 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 9.4 9.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.3 1.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,150 137,690 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 48.5 56,537 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,436 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.5 4.3 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,506 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.9 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 96 84 86 Urban (% of urban population) 83 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 66 73 Rural (% of rural population) 100 57 62 Urban (% of urban population) 100 76 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 56 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 24 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 48.4 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.8 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 167 Panama Population (millions) 3.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 74 GDP ($ billions) 26.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,970 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,243 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 74.8 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 4,109 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 102 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.7 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 18.7 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 15 Threatened species, birds 17 Threatened species, fish 41 Threatened species, higher plants 192 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 10.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 170 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.0 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.0 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 720 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,744 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 896 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.7 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,735 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 43.6 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 56.1 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 42,578 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 51 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 83 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 97 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 68 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 51 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 75 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 33 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.5 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.3 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.3 7.4 19.1 168 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Papua New Guinea 6.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 453 GDP ($ billions) 9.5 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,300 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 924 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 12.5 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.6 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 683 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 108 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 63.4 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 3.1 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 39 Threatened species, birds 37 Threatened species, fish 42 Threatened species, higher plants 142 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 25.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 226 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.3 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 31.2 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.32 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 13,840 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,265 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 119,492 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.0 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 40 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 33 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 87 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 45 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 41 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 71 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 16 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 61 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.8 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.4 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 22.2 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 169 Paraguay Population (millions) 6.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 397 GDP ($ billions) 18.3 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,720 7,733 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,493 6,894 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 61.5 79.3 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.3 2.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 36 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,710 3,663 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 110 131 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 44.3 47.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.9 0.5 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.4 20.2 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 27 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 9 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.7 13,464 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –9.5 –1.6 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 21.4 11.2 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 13.1 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,280 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 39,997 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 749 1,245 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 53.7 17.0 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,056 1,892 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 37.8 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 100.0 55.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 2.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 14,822 23,323 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 1.6 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 68 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 86 94 87 Rural (% of rural population) 66 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 99 98 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 71 79 47 Rural (% of rural population) 40 59 34 Urban (% of urban population) 90 84 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 65 30 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.0 20.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 12.1 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.1 7.4 13.8 170 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 29.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Peru 1,280 GDP ($ billions) 157.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,700 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,049 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 71.6 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.7 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,607 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 123 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 53.1 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 13.6 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 54 Threatened species, birds 98 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 268 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 33.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,350 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.4 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 15.2 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.8 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 53.1 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 550 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.4 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,136 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 41.0 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 57.6 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 56,179 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.0 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 85 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 65 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 91 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 71 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 37 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 81 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 43 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.4 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 6.8 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.9 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 171 Philippines Population (millions) 93.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 298 GDP ($ billions) 199.6 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,060 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,889 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 66.4 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.6 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,119 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 112 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.7 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.8 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.9 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 38 Threatened species, birds 74 Threatened species, fish 71 Threatened species, higher plants 210 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 32.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5,158 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.9 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 25,060 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,565 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 424 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.9 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 593 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 67.4 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 15.8 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,223 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.0 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 92 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 74 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 69 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 79 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 17 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.2 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.8 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.3 32.6 13.8 172 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 38.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Poland 304 GDP ($ billions) 469.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,440 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,180 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 61.2 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,994 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 104 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 30.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 22.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 8 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 220 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –4.2 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.1 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,464 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.1 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,591 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 94.1 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.6 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.3 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,405 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.4 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 100 Rural (% of rural population) 80 99 Urban (% of urban population) 96 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 34 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.5 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.7 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.4 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 173 Portugal Population (millions) 10.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 91 GDP ($ billions) 228.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,870 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 16,929 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 60.7 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 7,019 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.8 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.2 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 8.3 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 53 Threatened species, higher plants 68 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 5.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 226 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.9 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.2 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.1 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,266 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.6 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,815 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 62.4 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.7 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.3 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,574 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.3 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 73 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 20 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.8 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.4 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –3.1 7.1 174 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Puerto Rico 4.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8.9 GDP ($ billions) 96.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,500 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 98.8 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.2 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 103 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 62.2 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.3 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.1 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 51 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 4.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.9 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –9.0 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.6 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 480 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 73.9 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,790 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.0 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 7 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 14 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.0 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 175 Qatar Population (millions) 1.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 12 GDP ($ billions) 98.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 95.8 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.8 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 6 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 168 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 2.5 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13.8 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.5 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.25 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 12.3 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 14,911 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 14,421 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 49.1 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 35 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 455.2 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 31 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 176 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 21.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Romania 230 GDP ($ billions) 161.6 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,850 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,427 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 54.6 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 9,700 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 93 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.6 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.2 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 7.1 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11.7 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –16.2 –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –6.6 –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 33.3 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,602 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 11.4 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,267 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 52.7 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 26.9 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.4 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,969 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.2 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 17 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 76 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 73 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 54 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 88 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 14 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.7 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.7 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.2 4.8 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 177 Russian Federation Population (millions) 141.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 16,377 GDP ($ billions) 1,479.8 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,900 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,406 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 72.8 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 13 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,731 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 106 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 49.4 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 9.1 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 32 Threatened species, birds 49 Threatened species, fish 35 Threatened species, higher plants 8 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 34.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,191 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.9 –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.7 –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.8 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,561 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.0 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,136 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 65.5 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 17.6 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.0 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 30,405 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 92 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 70 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 59 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 74 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 16 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.6 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.4 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 13.2 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.5 4.8 19.1 178 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Rwanda 25 GDP ($ billions) 5.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 520 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 467 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 18.9 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 8.3 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 81 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 121 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 17.6 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.6 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.0 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 20 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9.7 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.0 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.9 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 921 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 65 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 63 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 76 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 55 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 56 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 52 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 23 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 15 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 91 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.1 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.0 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.0 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.7 –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 179 Samoa Population (thousands) 184 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2.8 GDP ($ millions) 573.5 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,980 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,700 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 23.4 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.1 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,748 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 104 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 60.4 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.4 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 3.4 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13.0 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.4 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.55 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 490 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3.7 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 320 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 96 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 98 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 98 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.6 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 13.8 180 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 32 Land area (sq. km) San Marino60 GDP ($ billions) 1.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 50,400 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 94.3 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 0 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 8 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.3 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 181 São Tomé and Príncipe Population (thousands) 165 Land area (sq. km) 960 GDP ($ millions) 196.8 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,200 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,092 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 62.2 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 116 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.1 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 34 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.7 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 280 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 13,414 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 88 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 89 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 26 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 19 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 30 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 27 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 80 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 13.8 182 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Saudi Arabia 27.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,150 GDP ($ billions) 434.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,190 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,357 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 83.6 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.1 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 81 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 20,233 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 102 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.5 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 31.3 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 23 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 91.5 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.4 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 13.8 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.4 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,660 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 204 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,888 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,427 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 16.6 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 90 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 943.3 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 103 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.5 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 29.1 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –3.6 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 183 Senegal Population (millions) 12.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 193 GDP ($ billions) 13.0 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,090 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 937 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 42.9 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.2 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 49 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 256 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 136 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 44.0 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 24.1 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 45 Threatened species, higher plants 9 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 410 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 13.0 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 12.4 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,279 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 243 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 41.1 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 196 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 88.1 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.4 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,131 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.7 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 72 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 56 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 93 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 52 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 39 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 70 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 80 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 22 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 75 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.7 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.7 –2.1 13.8 184 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 7.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Serbia 87 GDP ($ billions) 38.4 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,630 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 52.4 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,057 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 99 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.0 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.8 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 6.0 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13.0 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,974 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.0 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,224 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 72.6 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 27.4 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.8 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 98 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 88 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.9 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.3 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 4.8 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 185 Seychelles Population (thousands) 87 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ millions) 936.6 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,710 1,176 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,529 946 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 55.3 37.4 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.6 4.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 45 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 701 322 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 82 130 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 89.1 28.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.6 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 42.0 11.7 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 17 Threatened species, higher plants 55 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 87.4 6,190 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 14.9 1.8 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 16.2 16.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.51 5.8 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,690 18,550 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 32.3 27,815 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,411 689 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.8 0.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,635 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.2 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 7 84 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 61 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 49 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 83 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 31 73 Rural (% of rural population) .. 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 98 42 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 46 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 121 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.9 18.0 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 10.9 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 19.1 186 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Sierra Leone 5.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 72 GDP ($ billions) 1.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 294 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 38.4 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.7 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 48 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 104 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.1 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.7 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 4.9 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 17 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 47 Threatened species, higher plants 48 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 200 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 6.5 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,049 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 27,878 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 55 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 35 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 87 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 23 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 37 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 174 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.0 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.2 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.4 –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 187 Singapore Population (millions) 5.1 Land area (sq. km) 700 GDP ($ billions) 208.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,070 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 33,902 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 0 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 29,145 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 98 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.9 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 25 Threatened species, higher plants 57 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.2 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –9.0 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.2 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.4 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4.6 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,704 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.2 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,949 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.8 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.7 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 120 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 23 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 47.7 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.4 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 35.7 7.1 188 2012 The Little Green Data Book Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Population (thousands) 38 Land area (sq. km) 34 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) .. 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 12.9 Threatened species, mammals .. Threatened species, birds .. Threatened species, fish .. Threatened species, higher plants .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 189 Slovak Republic Population (millions) 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 87.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,840 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 13,769 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 56.8 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 9,924 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 92 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.2 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 23.2 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.3 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,086 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.2 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,925 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 26.5 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.9 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.9 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,325 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.4 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 12 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.4 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.7 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.4 7.1 190 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Slovenia 20 GDP ($ billions) 46.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,900 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 19,507 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 48.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 76,633 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 93 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 62.2 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 13.2 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 29 Threatened species, higher plants 7 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.7 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.68 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,417 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.2 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,103 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 35.1 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 28.7 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.5 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,153 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.0 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 26 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.4 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.3 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.3 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 191 Solomon Islands Population (thousands) 538 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ millions) 678.6 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,030 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 755 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 18.6 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.3 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,777 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 110 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 79.1 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.2 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.1 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 20 Threatened species, birds 20 Threatened species, fish 16 Threatened species, higher plants 16 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 4.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 43.2 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.7 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 44.6 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.12 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,750 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 603 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 129 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 85,285 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 70 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 65 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 32 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 18 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 98 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 31 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.2 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.1 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 15.6 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –6.6 32.6 13.8 192 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 9.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Somalia 627 GDP ($ millions) .. Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 37.4 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.9 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 100 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.8 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.6 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 15 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 27 Threatened species, higher plants 21 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 6.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 30.0 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 48.0 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 658 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 22.4 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 99 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 29 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 7 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 66 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 23 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 52 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 28 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 180 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 193 South Africa Population (millions) 50.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,214 GDP ($ billions) 363.7 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,090 1,176 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,738 946 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 61.7 37.4 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.6 4.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 82 45 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,662 322 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 109 130 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 4.7 28.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 0.6 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 6.9 11.7 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 24 Threatened species, birds 40 Threatened species, fish 87 Threatened species, higher plants 65 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 20.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 629 6,190 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 1.8 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 16.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.5 5.8 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 30.5 27,815 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,921 689 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.8 57.3 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,532 511 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 94.1 65.2 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.6 18.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.9 0.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 908 4,635 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 25.0 2.2 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 63 84 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 61 93 Rural (% of rural population) 79 49 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 83 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 79 31 73 Rural (% of rural population) 67 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 86 42 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 26 46 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 57 121 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.8 18.0 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.5 10.9 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.3 9.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.6 1.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.6 –2.1 19.1 194 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) .. Land area (sq. km) South Sudan .. GDP ($ millions) .. Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) .. 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals .. Threatened species, birds .. Threatened species, fish .. Threatened species, higher plants .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) .. 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) .. 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) .. 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) .. 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 195 Spain Population (millions) 46.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 499 GDP ($ billions) 1,407.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,750 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 26,023 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 77.4 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 22,035 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 104 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.4 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.4 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 8.6 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 71 Threatened species, higher plants 205 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 6.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,221 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.7 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.1 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.5 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,756 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.9 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,006 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 56.2 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.2 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,422 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 29.0 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 61 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 25 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.1 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.2 7.1 196 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 20.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Sri Lanka 63 GDP ($ billions) 49.6 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,240 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,101 1,111 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 15.1 30.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.3 2.7 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 55 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 966 521 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 112 123 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 29.7 17.1 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 21.5 5.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 29 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 44 Threatened species, higher plants 282 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 7.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 444 13,567 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.4 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 10.8 8.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.1 1.7 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 680 15,440 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 88.8 10,343 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 449 514 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 51.1 26.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 408 517 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.3 81.6 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 39.5 13.6 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 1.2 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,555 1,236 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 24.5 33.4 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 90 88 83 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 38 47 Rural (% of rural population) 93 28 34 Urban (% of urban population) 88 60 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 71 68 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 10 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 11 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 67 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.1 32.7 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.1 9.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.7 2.9 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.7 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.9 20.9 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 197 St. Kitts and Nevis Population (thousands) 52 Land area (sq. km) 260 GDP ($ millions) 651.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,830 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 32.4 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,317 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 78 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.3 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 3.6 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 21.1 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 19.3 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.53 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 180 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.68 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,645 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.9 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 464 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 96 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 96 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 15 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 7.7 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.9 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.4 19.1 198 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 174 Land area (sq. km) St. Lucia 610 GDP ($ billions) 1.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,560 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 28.0 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.1 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 18 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,351 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 103 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 77.0 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.3 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 14.3 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.9 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.5 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.06 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 160 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.9 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 760 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.3 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 95 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 98 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 65 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 63 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 71 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 30 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.3 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 199 St. Martin (French part) Population (thousands) 30 Land area (sq. km) 54 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) .. 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) .. 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 4 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 200 2012 The Little Green Data Book St. Vincent & Grenadines Population (thousands) 109 Land area (sq. km) 390 GDP ($ millions) 704.8 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,320 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,610 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 47.8 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.9 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,689 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 103 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 69.2 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.4 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.9 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 65.6 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 10.5 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.61 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 140 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.90 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 642 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) .. 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 96 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) .. 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 23 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –6.6 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.5 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –13.9 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 201 Sudan Population (millions) 43.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,376 GDP ($ billions) 62.0 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 987 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 45.2 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.1 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 929 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 103 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 29.4 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 4.2 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 15 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 16 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 5.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 73.9 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.2 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 11.9 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.05 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,720 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 9.8 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 372 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 68.0 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 114 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 52.2 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 47.8 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 706 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 57.6 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 97 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 52 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 67 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 26 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 14 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 44 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 137 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 103 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.7 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.3 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.9 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.9 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –3.6 –2.1 13.8 202 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 525 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Suriname 156 GDP ($ billions) 3.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,920 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,213 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 75.6 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.8 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,394 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 118 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 94.6 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 11.6 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 26 Threatened species, higher plants 26 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 34.5 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 8.7 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 22.9 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 510 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,400 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.7 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 169,276 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.5 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 81 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 97 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 66 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 90 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 22 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 31 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.2 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.3 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.5 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 203 Swaziland Population (millions) 1.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 17 GDP ($ billions) 3.6 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,950 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,033 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 25.5 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.1 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,217 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.7 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.9 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 3.0 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 4 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.28 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 8.0 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 415 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.1 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,530 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 23.1 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 97 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 71 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 65 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 91 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 57 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 55 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 64 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 38 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 2.7 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.6 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.9 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –1.4 –2.1 13.8 204 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 9.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Sweden 410 GDP ($ billions) 458.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 50,100 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 43,007 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 84.7 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 8 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 51,585 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 68.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.2 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.9 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 223 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.8 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.3 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,883 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 22.9 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 14,142 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 2.3 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 48.2 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.3 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 18,390 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 4 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 10 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.5 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.2 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.0 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 205 Switzerland Population (millions) 7.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 40 GDP ($ billions) 527.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 71,520 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 62,855 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 73.6 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 27,066 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 103 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.4 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 24.9 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.9 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.2 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,480 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.2 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,021 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 1.2 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 53.6 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.3 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,217 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.9 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 22 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.4 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.5 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 25.0 7.1 206 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Syrian Arab Republic 20.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 184 GDP ($ billions) 59.1 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,750 3,874 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,173 3,091 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 54.9 58.0 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.1 2.5 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 76 23 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 2,627 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 96 132 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.7 2.4 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.4 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.6 3.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 34 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.2 3,614 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.0 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.9 13.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.63 2.0 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,123 1,399 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,563 1,497 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 95.7 93.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.3 4.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.6 3.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 356 695 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 99.8 70.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 89 87 Rural (% of rural population) 86 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 93 94 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 93 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 96 94 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 71 66 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 34 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.4 19.2 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.6 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 11.7 12.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.3 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –4.8 –1.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 207 Tajikistan Population (millions) 6.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 140 GDP ($ billions) 5.6 Europe & Central Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 800 7,272 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 734 5,727 472 Urban population (% of total) 26.5 64.1 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.4 0.3 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 34 28 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 577 3,204 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 118 126 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.9 38.6 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.0 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 4.1 7.5 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 13 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.68 5,573 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.8 –3.1 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –9.3 –0.9 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 342 2,831 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 1.9 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,985 3,859 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 2.0 65.4 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 98.0 18.0 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 7.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,774 12,885 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 74.8 5.0 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 63 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 64 96 65 Rural (% of rural population) 54 91 57 Urban (% of urban population) 92 99 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 84 37 Rural (% of rural population) 94 80 32 Urban (% of urban population) 95 87 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 30 23 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 63 23 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 2.6 23.9 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.6 12.2 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 8.6 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.8 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –4.3 4.8 15.9 208 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 44.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Tanzania 886 GDP ($ billions) 23.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 530 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 456 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 26.4 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.5 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 292 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 106 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.7 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.1 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 27.5 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 35 Threatened species, birds 42 Threatened species, fish 174 Threatened species, higher plants 290 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 14.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 350 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.9 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 8.7 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.0 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,580 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,287 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 451 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 87.7 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 86 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 39.8 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 60.2 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,930 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.4 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 53 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 44 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 79 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 10 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 20 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 20 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 92 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.1 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.9 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.9 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.1 –2.1 15.9 The Little Green Data Book 2012 209 Thailand Population (millions) 69.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 511 GDP ($ billions) 318.5 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,150 3,696 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,805 3,264 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 34.0 45.9 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.7 3.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 39 49 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 706 585 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 112 135 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.1 29.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.1 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 20.1 15.0 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 57 Threatened species, birds 46 Threatened species, fish 97 Threatened species, higher plants 86 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 8.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,113 96,136 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.6 3.5 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.7 9.3 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.4 1.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,130 137,690 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,484 56,537 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,504 1,436 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 19.9 11.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,045 2,095 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.1 80.3 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.8 16.2 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.2 4.3 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,268 4,506 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 13.1 9.9 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 73 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 95 84 86 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 66 73 Rural (% of rural population) 96 57 62 Urban (% of urban population) 95 76 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 53 56 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 24 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.3 48.4 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.2 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.5 32.6 19.1 210 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Timor-Leste 1.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 15 GDP ($ millions) 701.0 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,220 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 28.1 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.6 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 25 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 129 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 49.9 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.3 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 6.1 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.7 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.7 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 18.0 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 58 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,469 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.3 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 69 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 60 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 91 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 47 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 37 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 73 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 81 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2.1 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 211 Togo Population (millions) 6.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 54 GDP ($ billions) 3.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 412 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 43.4 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.3 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 62 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 437 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 114 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 5.3 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.3 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 11.3 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 24 Threatened species, higher plants 9 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 27.6 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.8 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.9 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.9 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 445 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 83.1 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 111 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 24.6 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 73.8 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,949 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.2 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 61 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 40 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 89 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 3 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 26 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 28 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 103 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –3.5 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.8 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –11.5 –2.1 15.9 212 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 104 Land area (sq. km) Tonga 720 GDP ($ millions) 348.3 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,290 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,037 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 25.3 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.0 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,396 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 107 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.5 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 14.5 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.2 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.4 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.4 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,500 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3.4 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 567 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 100 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 96 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 98 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 7.7 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.3 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 213 Trinidad and Tobago Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.1 GDP ($ billions) 20.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,380 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,838 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 13.9 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.0 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,024 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 107 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 44.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.3 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 31.2 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 24 Threatened species, higher plants 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13.9 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 10.2 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.8 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 65.7 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 15,158 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,662 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.8 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 37.4 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,874 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.0 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) 93 98 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 100 Rural (% of rural population) 92 99 Urban (% of urban population) 92 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 98 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 36.4 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.4 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 32.0 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –26.0 7.1 214 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Tunisia 155 GDP ($ billions) 44.3 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,160 3,874 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,329 3,091 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 67.3 58.0 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 2.5 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 63 23 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,050 2,627 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 132 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.5 2.4 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.3 –0.1 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.3 3.9 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 13 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 35 Threatened species, higher plants 6 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 103 3,614 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 2.9 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 8.7 13.4 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 2.0 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 881 1,399 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.1 0.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,311 1,497 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.9 93.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.5 4.9 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.4 3.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 402 695 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 61.7 70.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 86 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 89 93 Rural (% of rural population) 84 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 99 94 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 88 73 Rural (% of rural population) 64 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 96 94 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 23 66 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 34 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.4 19.2 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.3 10.7 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.0 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.1 12.4 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.4 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.3 –1.6 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 215 Turkey Population (millions) 72.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 770 GDP ($ billions) 734.4 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,890 7,272 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,753 5,727 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 69.6 64.1 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.3 0.3 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 51 28 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 3,770 3,204 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 108 126 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 14.7 38.6 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.8 0.0 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 1.9 7.5 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 17 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 70 Threatened species, higher plants 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 6.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 654 5,573 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 –3.1 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 18.3 –0.9 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.4 10.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,359 2,831 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.8 1.9 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,298 3,859 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 80.4 65.4 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 18.5 18.0 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.0 7.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,160 12,885 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.8 5.0 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 63 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 96 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 91 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 84 73 Rural (% of rural population) 75 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 97 87 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 37 23 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.7 23.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 12.2 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 8.6 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.8 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.7 4.8 19.1 216 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Turkmenistan 5.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions) 20.0 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,790 7,272 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 5,727 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 49.5 64.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.1 0.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 69 28 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,156 3,204 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 113 126 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.8 38.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 0.0 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 3.0 7.5 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 16 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.0 5,573 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –5.1 –3.1 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –21.9 –0.9 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,933 2,831 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 1.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,446 3,859 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 65.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 18.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.7 7.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 273 12,885 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 100.8 5.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 97 63 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 84 96 87 Rural (% of rural population) 72 91 83 Urban (% of urban population) 97 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 84 47 Rural (% of rural population) 97 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 99 87 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 41 23 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 56 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 12.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 35.1 8.6 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.8 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.5 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 4.8 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 217 Turks and Caicos Islands Population (thousands) 38 Land area (sq. km) 950 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 93.3 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.1 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) .. 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 35.8 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 42.9 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 17 Threatened species, higher plants 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.4 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.9 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.95 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 730 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 236 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.4 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 218 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 10 Land area (sq. km) Tuvalu 30 GDP ($ millions) 31.4 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,760 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 50.4 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.5 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,590 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 102 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.3 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.4 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 10 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11.3 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 16.7 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.19 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.40 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 97 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 81 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 88 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 33 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.4 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 219 Uganda Population (millions) 33.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 200 GDP ($ billions) 17.0 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 500 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 438 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 13.3 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.1 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 200 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 105 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 15.0 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.3 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 10.3 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 22 Threatened species, birds 21 Threatened species, fish 61 Threatened species, higher plants 36 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 509 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.7 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 45.6 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,205 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.5 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 36 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 72 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 68 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 95 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 34 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 34 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 34 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 11 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 23 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 26 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 99 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.1 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.0 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.5 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.4 –2.1 15.9 220 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 45.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ukraine 579 GDP ($ billions) 137.9 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,000 7,272 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,544 5,727 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 68.1 64.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 0.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 28 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,500 3,204 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 106 126 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 16.8 38.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.2 0.0 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 3.5 7.5 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 16 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 209 5,573 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –7.4 –3.1 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –6.1 –0.9 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.9 10.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,507 2,831 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.8 1.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,200 3,859 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 45.2 65.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.8 18.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.0 7.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,153 12,885 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 27.6 5.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 51 63 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 96 87 Rural (% of rural population) 98 91 83 Urban (% of urban population) 98 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 84 47 Rural (% of rural population) 89 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 17 23 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.5 23.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 12.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.7 8.6 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.8 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.7 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.4 4.8 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 221 United Arab Emirates Population (millions) 7.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 84 GDP ($ billions) 297.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,930 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 78.0 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.0 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 113 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.8 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.3 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 5.6 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 79.6 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.9 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.6 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,190 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 68.2 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 8,588 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 11,464 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 25.0 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 22 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2,032.0 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 95 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 62 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 10.9 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 222 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) United Kingdom 62.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 242 GDP ($ billions) 2,261.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,200 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 31,040 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 90.1 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 72 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 25,681 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.9 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.5 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 26.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 43 Threatened species, higher plants 11 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 814 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.1 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 7.2 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.7 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,183 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.7 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,692 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.2 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.4 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.5 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,346 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.8 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 13 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.9 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.8 7.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 223 United States Population (millions) 309.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,147 GDP ($ billions) 14,586.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 47,340 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 40,256 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 82.3 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.5 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 51,120 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 109 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.2 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.1 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 12.4 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 37 Threatened species, birds 76 Threatened species, fish 183 Threatened species, higher plants 219 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 94.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,865 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.2 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.3 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 28.6 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,250 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3,030 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,051 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.9 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 12,914 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 69.5 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.6 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 18.0 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,186 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 15.6 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 40 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 94 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 18 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.9 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.0 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.4 7.1 224 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Uruguay 175 GDP ($ billions) 39.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,230 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,746 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 92.5 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 85 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 8,682 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 109 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.0 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –3.2 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.3 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 24 Threatened species, fish 36 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 74.2 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.0 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 18.2 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.33 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,224 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.0 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,671 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 31.3 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 59.4 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.5 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17,639 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.6 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 100 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 99 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 100 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 142 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.3 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.6 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 1.8 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.4 7.4 19.1 The Little Green Data Book 2012 225 Uzbekistan Population (millions) 28.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 425 GDP ($ billions) 39.0 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,280 7,272 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 990 5,727 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 36.9 64.1 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.2 0.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 63 28 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 2,782 3,204 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 123 126 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.7 38.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.4 0.0 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 2.3 7.5 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 15 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 10.7 5,573 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –0.8 –3.1 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –5.8 –0.9 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 10.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,758 2,831 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 1.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,636 3,859 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 81.3 65.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 18.7 18.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.6 7.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 588 12,885 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 118.3 5.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 63 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 96 87 Rural (% of rural population) 81 91 83 Urban (% of urban population) 98 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 84 47 Rural (% of rural population) 100 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 37 23 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 52 23 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.9 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 12.2 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.4 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 13.7 8.6 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.5 0.8 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.9 0.8 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 4.8 13.8 226 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 240 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Vanuatu 12 GDP ($ millions) 698.8 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,640 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,529 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 25.6 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.0 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 15 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 1,959 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.1 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 4.3 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 15 Threatened species, higher plants 8 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 2.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 97.9 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.3 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.05 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 4,110 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 20.5 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 157 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 87 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 57 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 54 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 64 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 14 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.6 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.1 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 227 Venezuela, RB Population (millions) 28.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 882 GDP ($ billions) 391.8 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,590 7,733 5,884 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,142 6,894 5,052 Urban population (% of total) 94.0 79.3 57.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.4 2.0 2.3 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 36 34 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 7,667 3,663 871 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 106 131 131 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.5 47.0 34.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.6 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 53.8 20.2 13.4 Threatened species, mammals 32 Threatened species, birds 27 Threatened species, fish 37 Threatened species, higher plants 68 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 25.3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 293 13,464 88,932 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –1.0 –1.6 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 18.3 11.2 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.3 13.1 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 480 15,280 33,390 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3,569 39,997 48,478 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,357 1,245 1,848 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.8 17.0 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,152 1,892 2,714 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 27.2 37.8 72.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 72.8 55.5 21.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.1 2.8 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 25,451 23,323 8,718 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 1.6 5.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 44 68 66 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 75 81 86 Urban (% of urban population) 94 98 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 79 73 Rural (% of rural population) 57 59 62 Urban (% of urban population) 94 84 82 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 9 30 43 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.7 20.9 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.4 12.1 11.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 4.7 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.0 3.8 4.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 1.6 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.1 7.4 19.1 228 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 86.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Vietnam 310 GDP ($ billions) 106.4 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,160 3,696 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 952 3,264 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 28.8 45.9 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 3.1 3.3 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 49 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 367 585 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 114 135 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 44.5 29.6 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –2.0 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 6.2 15.0 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 54 Threatened species, birds 43 Threatened species, fish 68 Threatened species, higher plants 119 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 12.1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5,128 96,136 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.8 3.5 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 15.1 9.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.7 1.4 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,270 137,690 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,056 56,537 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 745 1,436 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 39.3 11.8 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 918 2,095 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 64.0 80.3 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 36.0 16.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 4.3 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,178 4,506 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.3 9.9 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 90 87 Rural (% of rural population) 93 84 83 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 76 66 47 Rural (% of rural population) 68 57 34 Urban (% of urban population) 94 76 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 50 56 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23 24 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.2 48.4 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.4 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 2.2 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.0 3.8 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.3 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.0 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.1 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.8 32.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 229 Virgin Islands (U.S.) Population (thousands) 110 Land area (sq. km) 350 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 38,745 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,477 Urban population (% of total) 95.3 77.6 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.7 1.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 37 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 24,483 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 108 106 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 57.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.9 –0.1 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 15.2 12.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 14 Threatened species, higher plants 12 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 0.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.86 28,570 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.1 –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.64 16.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 200 81,790 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2.6 15,495 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,856 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,064 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 8,305 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 23 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.1 230 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) West Bank and Gaza 4.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 6.0 GDP ($ billions) 4.0 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,250 3,874 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 3,091 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 72.1 58.0 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.0 2.5 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 61 23 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) .. 2,627 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 101 132 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.5 2.4 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.6 3.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 3,614 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 13.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 2.0 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,399 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 0.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,497 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 93.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 4.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 3.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 201 695 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 49.9 70.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 89 87 Rural (% of rural population) 81 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 86 94 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 92 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 92 94 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) .. 66 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 34 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.7 19.2 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.1 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 12.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –1.6 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 231 Yemen, Rep. Population (millions) 24.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 528 GDP ($ billions) 31.3 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,170 3,874 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 928 3,091 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 31.8 58.0 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 5.6 2.5 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 23 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 749 2,627 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 126 132 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.0 2.4 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.0 –0.1 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 0.5 3.9 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 23 Threatened species, higher plants 158 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 191 3,614 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 4.6 2.9 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) .. 13.4 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.8 2.0 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 5,700 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) 9.3 217 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 324 1,399 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.3 0.9 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 219 1,497 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 93.4 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 4.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 3.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 90 695 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 168.6 70.0 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 55 89 87 Rural (% of rural population) 47 81 83 Urban (% of urban population) 72 94 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 53 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 34 80 34 Urban (% of urban population) 93 94 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 43 66 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 77 34 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.6 19.2 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.7 10.7 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.3 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 14.5 12.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.7 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.9 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –11.5 –1.6 13.8 232 2012 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 12.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Zambia 743 GDP ($ billions) 16.2 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,070 1,176 1,619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 784 946 1,454 Urban population (% of total) 35.7 37.4 39.4 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.0 4.0 2.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 45 47 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 214 322 677 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 115 130 128 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 66.5 28.0 27.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.3 0.6 0.5 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 36.0 11.7 9.4 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 9 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 3.8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 86.7 6,190 38,888 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 0.8 1.8 2.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 10.3 16.3 9.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 4.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 144,150 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 60,615 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 617 689 665 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 80.9 57.3 26.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 635 511 644 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.3 65.2 73.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.7 18.2 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,303 4,635 3,227 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.7 2.2 12.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 84 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 61 61 87 Rural (% of rural population) 46 49 83 Urban (% of urban population) 87 83 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 48 31 47 Rural (% of rural population) 43 23 34 Urban (% of urban population) 57 42 66 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 30 46 58 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. 9 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 15 11 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 111 121 69 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.4 18.0 29.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.3 10.9 9.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.3 3.6 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.4 6.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 18.9 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.7 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.8 –2.1 13.8 The Little Green Data Book 2012 233 Zimbabwe Population (millions) 12.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 387 GDP ($ billions) 7.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 1,176 528 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 493 946 472 Urban population (% of total) 38.3 37.4 28.3 Urban population growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 2.3 4.0 3.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 45 38 Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2000 $) 160 322 288 Food production index (2004–2006=100) 92 130 133 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.4 28.0 27.6 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 1.7 0.6 0.6 Nationally protected terrestrial areas (% of land area) 28.0 11.7 10.7 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 14 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.5) 1.9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13.2 6,190 10,725 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) –4.4 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) 15.3 16.3 4.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 5.8 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 18,550 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,815 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 763 689 365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 65.6 57.3 65.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,026 511 229 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 46.7 65.2 32.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 53.3 18.2 45.7 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 983 4,635 5,381 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 21.0 2.2 4.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 84 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 80 61 65 Rural (% of rural population) 69 49 57 Urban (% of urban population) 98 83 86 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 31 37 Rural (% of rural population) 32 23 32 Urban (% of urban population) 52 42 47 Environment and health Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., μg/cu. m) 37 46 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 11 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 15 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 80 121 108 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.0 25.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.6 10.9 7.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 3.6 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 9.4 1.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.9 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.5 0.3 Particulate emissions damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –2.1 15.9 234 2012 The Little Green Data Book Glossary Access to improved sanitation is the percentage of population with adequate access to excreta disposal facilities (private or shared, but not public) that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toi- lets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. (World Health Organization; data are for 2010) Access to improved water source is the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as piped water into a dwelling, plot, or yard; public tap or standpipe; tube-well or borehole; protected dug well or spring; or rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include an unprotected dug well or spring, cart with small tank or drum, bottled water, and tanker trucks. Reasonable access to an adequate amount means the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within 1 kilometer of the dwelling. (World Health Organization; data are for 2010) Acute respiratory infection prevalence is the percentage of children under age five with acute respiratory infection in the two weeks prior to the survey. (United Nations Children’s Fund; data are for the most recent year available during 2005–10) Adjusted net national income equals gross national income minus consump- tion of fixed capital, energy depletion, mineral depletion, and net forest depletion. (World Bank; data are for 2010) Adjusted net savings equal gross savings minus consumption of fixed capital, plus education expenditures, minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and particulate emissions and carbon dioxide damage. (World Bank; data are for 2010) Agricultural land is arable land, land under permanent crops, and permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as land under temporary crops (double- cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fal- low. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2009) Agricultural productivity is the ratio of agricultural value added, measured in 2000 U.S. dollars, to the number of workers in agriculture. Agricultural productivity is measured by value added per unit of input. Agricultural value added includes that from forestry and fishing. Thus interpretations of land productivity should be made with caution. (See World Bank 2012 for details; data are for 2010) The Little Green Data Book 2012 235 Glossary Aquaculture growth is the exponential change in aquaculture fisheries pro- duction for the period indicated. Aquaculture is understood to mean the farm- ing of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Aquaculture production specifically refers to output from aquaculture activities, which are designated for final harvest for consumption. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 1990–2010) Capture fisheries growth is the exponential change in capture fisheries production for the period indicated. Capture fisheries production contains the volume of fish catches landed by a country for all commercial, industrial, recreational and subsistence purpose. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 1990–2010) Carbon dioxide (CO2) damage is estimated at $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted. (World Bank estimates; data are for 2010) Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita are carbon dioxide emissions divided by midyear population. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, World Bank, and United Nations; data are for 2008) Consumption of fixed capital is the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production. (United Nations; data are extrapolated to 2010 from the most recent year available) Coral reef area is a country’s area of coral reefs, which are shallow marine habitats defined both by a physical structure (corals) and by the organisms found on them. (See The World Atlas of Coral Reefs (2001), UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Deforestation is the permanent conversion of natural forest area to other uses, including shifting cultivation, permanent agriculture, ranching, settle- ments, and infrastructure development. Deforested areas do not include areas logged but intended for regeneration or areas degraded by fuel-wood gathering, acid precipitation, or forest fires. Negative numbers indicate an increase in forest areas. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 1990–2010) Diarrhea prevalence is the percentage of children under age five who had diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the survey. (United Nations Children’s Fund; data are for the most recent year available during 2005–10) Education expenditure is public current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. (United Nations; data are extrapolated to 2010 from the most recent year available) Electric power consumption per capita is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants, minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants plus imports 236 2012 The Little Green Data Book Glossary minus exports divided by midyear population. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2009) Electricity generated by hydropower is use of hydropower as a percentage of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2009) Electricity generated using fossil fuel is use of coal, oil, and gas as a per- centage of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2009) Energy depletion is the ratio of the value of the stock of energy resources to the remaining reserve lifetime (capped at 25 years). It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal. (See World Bank 2011 for details; data are for 2010) Energy from biomass products and waste is energy from solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, industrial waste, and municipal waste as a percent- age of total energy use. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2009) Energy use per capita refers to apparent consumption, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2009) Fisheries production, total, contains the volume of aquatic species caught by a country for all commercial, industrial, recreational and subsistence pur- poses. The harvest from mariculture, aquaculture and other kinds of fish farm- ing is also included. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2010) Food production index indicates the relative level of net food production compared with the base period 2004–06. It covers food crops that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because, although edible, they have no nutritive value. (See the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Production Yearbook for details; data are for 2009) Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether produc- tive or not. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2010) Freshwater withdrawal, agriculture, is withdrawals for irrigation and live- stock production as a percentage of total freshwater withdrawal. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators 2012, Primary data documentation) Freshwater withdrawal, total, is total water withdrawal, excluding evapora- tion losses from storage basins and including water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of internal renewable resources because river flows from other countries are not included, because extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable, or because there is significant water reuse. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators 2012, Primary data documentation) The Little Green Data Book 2012 237 Glossary GDP is gross domestic product and measures the total output of goods and services for final use occurring within the domestic territory of a given country, regardless of the allocation to domestic and foreign claims. GDP at purchaser values (market prices) is the sum of gross value added by all resident and nonresident producers in the economy plus any taxes and minus any subsi- dies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deduc- tions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2010) GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiver- sity potential for each country developed by the Global Environment Facility, based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index shown in the tables has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential) (World Bank; estimates are for 2008) GNI per capita is gross national income (GNI) divided by midyear population. GNI is gross domestic product plus net receipts of primary income (employee compensation and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is in cur- rent U.S. dollars, converted using the World Bank Atlas method (see World Development Indicators 2012, Statistical methods). (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2010) Gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total con- sumption, plus net transfers. (World Bank and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; data are for 2010) Internal freshwater resources per capita are internal renewable resources, which include flows of rivers and groundwater from rainfall in the country but excludes river flows from other countries, divided by midyear population. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators 2012, Primary data documentation.) Land area is a country’s total land area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2010) Mangroves area is a country’s total area of mangroves, which are plants of a variety of different species, including trees, shrubs, palms and ferns, that grow in the tropics and subtropics in saline inter-tidal coastal habitats, such as estuaries and shorelines. (See The World Atlas of Mangroves (2010), International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, The Nature Conservancy, Food and Agriculture Organization, UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain—and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features—that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect 238 2012 The Little Green Data Book Glossary part or all of the enclosed environment. (United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute; data are for 2010) Mineral depletion is the ratio of the value of the stock of mineral resources to the remaining reserve lifetime (capped at 25 years). It covers bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, gold, silver, and zinc. (See World Bank 2011 for details; data are for 2010) Nationally protected terrestrial areas are totally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares that are designated as national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves or wildlife sanctuaries; protected landscapes and seascapes; and scientific reserves. It includes World Conservation Union–protected area categories I–VI. (United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute; data are for 2010) Net forest depletion is the product of unit resource rents and the excess of round-wood harvest over natural growth. If growth exceeds harvest, this figure is zero. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank estimates of natural growth; data are for 2010) Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to reduce the risk of illness and death attributable to particulate emissions. (World Bank estimates; data are for 2010) Particulate matter is fine suspended particulates of less than 10 microns in diameter that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing damage. The indicator is the population-weighted average of all cities in the country with a population greater than 100,000. (World Bank estimates; data are for 2010) Population includes all residents who are present regardless of legal status or citizenship except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. (Eurostat, United Nations Population Division, and World Bank; data are midyear estimates for 2010) Threatened species, birds, are the number of species of birds classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2011) Threatened species, fish, are the number of species of fish—cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the superclass Pisces—classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2011) Threatened species, higher plants, are the number of native vascular plant species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indetermi- nate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2011) The Little Green Data Book 2012 239 Glossary Threatened species, mammals, are the number of species of mammals— excluding whales and porpoises—classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2011) Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. (United Nations and United Nations Children’s Fund; data are for 2010) Urban population is the share of the midyear population living in areas defined as urban in each country (United Nations; data are for 2010) Urban population growth is the exponential change in urban population for the period indicated. (United Nations; data are for 1990–2010) 240 2012 The Little Green Data Book References FAO. 2010a. "From Drain to Gain in Capture Fisheries Rents: A Synthesis Study." FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 538. FAO, Rome. ______. 2010b. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome: FAO. Spalding, M., E. Green, and C. Ravilious. 2001. World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Spalding, M., M. Kainuma, and L. Lorna. 2010. World Atlas of Mangroves. London: Earthscan. Sumaila, U. R., et al. 2012. “Marine Fisheries as a Source of Sustainable Wealth of Nations.� Working paper presented at 2012 AAAS Annual Meeting, February 2012. UNEP. 2006. Marine and Coastal Ecosystems and Human Wellbeing: A Synthesis Report Based on the Findings of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. World Bank. 2011. The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Washington, DC: World Bank. ______ 2012. World Development Indicators 2012. Washington, DC: World Bank. The Little Green Data Book 2012 241 1818 H Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 USA Telephone: 202 473 1000 Fax: 202 477 6391 ISBN 978-0-8213-8993-5 Web site: data.worldbank.org SKU 18993 Email: data@worldbank.org AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN THE BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELARUS BELGIUM BELIZE BENIN BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BRAZIL BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BULGARIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHANNEL ISLANDS CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA COMOROS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC C OF CONGO REPUBLIC OF CONGO COSTA RICA CÔTE D’IVOIRE CROATIA CUBA CURA¸AO CYPRUS ¸ CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ESTONIA ETHIOPIA FAEROE ISLANDS FIJI FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH POLYNESIA GABON THE GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GIBRALTAR GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUAM GUATEMALA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HONDURAS HONG KONG SAR, CHINA HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISLE OF MAN ISRAEL ITALY JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRIBATI DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA REPUBLIC OF KOREA KOSOVO KUWAIT KYRGYZ REPUBLIC LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC LATVIA LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACAO SAR, CHINA FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARSHALL ISLANDS MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MAYOTTE MEXICO FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA MOLDOVA MONACO MONGOLIA MONTENEGRO MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIBIA NEPAL NETHERLANDS NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND NICARAGUA NIGER NIGERIA NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PALAU PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL PUERTO RICO QATAR ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION RWANDA SAMOA SAN MARINO SÃO TOMÉ AND PR�NCIPE SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SERBIA SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SINT MAARTEN SLOVAK REPUBLIC SLOVENIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH SUDAN SPAIN SRI LANKA ST. 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