2016/62 Supported by k nKonw A A weldegdeg e ol n oNtoet e s eSrei r e ise s f ofro r p r&a c t hteh e nEenregryg y Etx itcrea c t i v e s G l o b a l P r a c t i c e The bottom line Toward Universal Access to Clean Cooking and Heating: Initial lessons from the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) Clean Stove Early Lessons from the East Asia and Pacific Clean Stove Initiative Initiative (CSI) confirm the need for country-specific roadmaps, strong national support, Why is the issue important? universal access to clean cooking and heating in the EAP region by well-targeted subsidies, and 2030 will require scaled-up development and marketing of advanced, integration of local conditions Accelerating the transition to clean cooking and clean-burning, high-efficiency stoves that burn coal and traditional and international best practices heating solutions requires innovative approaches biomass and that households will use consistently (World Bank 2011). into stoves standards and testing Clean cooking and heating are pivotal to achieving goals in public protocols. Pilot results suggest health, gender equality, and climate-sensitive development. Exposure What has been the response? that results-based financing is to household air pollution (HAP) linked to the smoke emitted by a promising way to incentivize The World Bank is implementing the EAP Clean inefficient stoves is the fourth greatest risk factor for death in the the clean stoves market. Linkage world, accounting for 4.3 million premature deaths each year (Lim Stove Initiative to scale up household access to clean with other projects having and others 2012). Adopting clean cooking and heating solutions can cooking and heating stoves clean stoves components catalyze transformative health and economic benefits for some of Following on the recommendations of the Bank’s (2011) energy could accelerate scaled-up the world’s most vulnerable citizens. Moreover, it can reduce black flagship report, One Goal, Two Paths: Achieving Universal Access implementation. carbon emissions, which contribute to ambient air pollution and to Modern Energy in East Asia and the Pacific, the EAP Clean Stove climate change. Initiative (CSI), launched in 2012, focuses on achieving access to The United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative, modern cooking and heating solutions in the EAP region, particularly co-led by the World Bank, has set the ambitious goal of achieving scaled-up access to advanced cooking and heating stoves for poor, universal access to modern energy services by 2030. The Sustainable primarily rural households who will use solid fuels to meet most Development Goals (SDGs) of the post-2015 development agenda of their cooking and heating needs beyond 2030. The EAP CSI is a recognize clean cooking as a priority intervention (SDG 7). The most multi-country, multiphase program with funding support provided sustainable way to bring modern cooking and heating solutions to by Australian Aid (formerly AusAID) and the World Bank’s Asia Yabei Zhang is a senior the hundreds of millions of families that are likely to depend on solid energy economist in the Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE) and Energy fuels beyond 2030 is to develop a thriving global industry in clean Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). World Bank’s Energy and cookstoves and fuels that is constantly innovating to improve design The initiative adopts a phased approach focused on national Extractives Global Practice. and performance, while lowering stove and fuel costs (GACC 2011). implementation, knowledge-sharing across countries and regions, Norma Adams is a In East Asia and the Pacific (EAP), about 1 billion people—nearly and innovation. It includes four country programs—China, Indonesia, writer and consultant editor for the World Bank half of all households in the region—depend on solid fuels for cook- Lao PDR, and Mongolia—and a cross-cutting regional program. Group. ing, and more than 1.4 million people die prematurely from exposure The implementation strategy is three-pronged: (i) establishing an to HAP linked to solid fuel use (Lim and others 2012). Achieving enabling policy and regulatory environment for scaled-up access to Toward Universal Access to Clean Cooking and Heating 2 T o w a r d U n i v e r sal A ccess t o C lea n C o o k i n g a n d H eati n g advanced stoves, with strengthening of institutional capacity at the EAP to expand learning and knowledge-sharing. As an experimenter, center of that effort; (ii) supporting supply-side market and business it pilots new approaches and disseminates lessons learned. Finally, development; and (iii) stimulating user demand for clean and efficient as a promoter of outreach to other sectors, it ensures that project stoves. impacts are leveraged. In each country, the initiative comprises four phases: (i) initial “The EAP CSI is at the stocktaking and development of the implementation strategy; (ii) What are the early program results? forefront of applying institutional strengthening, capacity building, and piloting of the strat- The activities successfully completed under the first results-based financing egy; (iii) scaled-up program implementation; and (iv) evaluation and dissemination of lessons learned (figure 1). This note summarizes two program phases have prepared the CSI countries to the promotion of clean for scaled-up implementation the results and lessons learned from the first two program phases cooking and heating.” (2012–15) (World Bank 2016). Promoting effectiveness through innovative results-based The EAP CSI regional program provides a platform for promoting financing. The EAP CSI is at the forefront of applying results-based knowledge-sharing, learning, and collaboration on access to modern financing (RBF) to the promotion of clean cooking and heating. The energy at the household level (figure 2). To implement its activities, RBF framework has three building blocks: (i) defined clean stoves, the regional program plays four major roles. As a convener, it estab- (ii) results-based incentives, and (iii) a monitoring and verification lishes a learning platform among the four country programs. As a (M&V) system. These building blocks are supported by two pillars: facilitator, it engages other regional and global stakeholders beyond (i) institutional strengthening and capacity building of key market Figure 1. Overall program structure of the EAP CSI China Indonesia Mongolia Lao PDR Phase I Phase I Phase I Phase I Intervention Intervention Intervention Intervention Review and consultation strategy strategy strategy strategy Phase IV—Impact evaluation Institutional strengthening Alliance Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II TA TA TA TA Awareness campaign Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Financing mechanism Pilot/scale up Pilot/scale up Pilot/scale up Pilot/scale up EAP CSI Regional Program 3 T o w a r d U n i v e r sal A ccess t o C lea n C o o k i n g a n d H eati n g players and (ii) public awareness-raising campaigns to stimulate Figure 2. EAP CSI regional program structure household demand (figure 3). Implementing the RBF approach is aligned with each CSI country’s unique context and priorities. For example, in China and Mongolia, where government subsidies already exist, there has Global forum and “To develop a thriving been a special focus on sustainability and adjusting subsidy levels. cross-regional knowledge sharing and collaboration global clean stoves In Indonesia and Lao PDR, where private-sector capacity is low, technical assistance and capacity-building efforts have been directed market, the defined clean toward the private sector. China stoves must be based on The China CSI has completed RBF pilots in two villages, where internationally recognized 480 stoves were sold. The pilots’ emphasis on results verification CSI regioinal forum standards, testing received positive feedback from key stakeholders. China has drafted and e-forum an implementation plan using the RBF approach for disseminating 40 protocols, and certification Lao PDR Indonesia million clean stoves by 2020. Building on the CSI’s pilot experience, EAP CSI systems whose metrics are the Hebei Air Pollution Prevention P4R Project includes a clean stove scientifically valid.” component that applies the RBF approach. The Indonesia CSI has set up an RBF fund of US$190,000 managed by Bank Rakyat Indonesia and launched two sets of open Mongolia calls for stove technologies and market aggregators. More than 20 companies submitted stove technology applications, and more than 10 market aggregators signed implementation agreements for the RBF incentives. At present, some 700 stoves are being verified for RBF incentives. The ongoing RETF project to pilot the RBF approach shows potential for replication and scale-up.1 A national clean cook- The Mongolia CSI supports the RBF approach under the ongoing stove program incorporating lessons from the RBF pilot experience is stove-switching program of the Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project, having being designed. already disseminated 36,533 low-emission heating stoves covering An innovative RBF pilot focusing on health has been designed more than four-fifths of the potential household market. As a result, and developed under the Lao PDR CSI. Results of HAP assessments air pollution has dropped considerably in the town’s most polluted, conducted in poor rural households confirm the cost-effectiveness high-density areas. A national program strategy has been developed, of using modern clean cookstove technology to reduce the country’s whose core elements—lowering subsidies, diversifying stove models, burden of disease. To realize the health benefits, along with positive and advocacy for avoidance of outdated, polluting stoves—have climate and community outcomes, the next step is to prepare an been adopted and implemented. equally innovative RBF mechanism to mobilize private-sector and Stove standards, testing protocols, and certification bilateral donor resources. systems. To develop a thriving global clean stoves market, the defined clean stoves must be based on internationally recognized 1 TheIndonesia CSI was a runner-up in the 2014 GPOBA InnOBAtions Awards competition in recognition for its innovative implementation of output-based aid and potential for replication and scale-up. https://www.gpoba.org/InnOBAtion.Awards.2014. 4 T o w a r d U n i v e r sal A ccess t o C lea n C o o k i n g a n d H eati n g Figure 3. RBF Framework with Three Building Blocks and Two Supporting Pillars Results-based Incentives “Stove designs must • Establish clean stove • Number of stoves delivered reflect the significant standards/rating system • Level of subsidies is linked • Number of stoves used to stove performance variety of cooking • Establish testing and • Verify actual performance certification protocols • Disbursement of subsidies of stoves used practices, climate is linked to monitoring and • Establish testing centers verification results conditions, and cultural Defined clean Monitoring and preferences that stoves verification system characterize particular countries.” Institutional Awareness- strengthening and raising capacity building campaign Source: Zhang and Knight 2012. standards, testing protocols, and certification systems whose metrics Knowledge exchange, learning, and collaboration. The CSI are scientifically valid. In addition, stove designs must reflect the regional program held two regional forums and various South-South significant variety of cooking practices, climate conditions, and knowledge-exchange events, established a virtual forum, and gen- cultural preferences that characterize particular countries. As part of erated numerous knowledge products. The 2013 and 2014 regional the International Standards Organization (ISO) process, CSI country CSI forums, scheduled concurrently with major global and regional delegations have participated in attempts to design performance events, offered valuable opportunities for knowledge-sharing and metrics, with positive results. Close collaboration with the social/gen- identifying collaborative activities among a broad range of stake- der team of the World Bank’s EAP Region resulted in an innovative holders. South-South knowledge-exchange events have fostered stove-testing method in Indonesia that incorporates local cooking collaboration and led to mutual benefits. For example, following the practices and social and cultural preferences based on anthropo- 2014 EAP CSI forum in Beijing, a Chinese delegation was invited to logical studies and comprehensive household surveys. This new Mongolia to learn about that country’s stoves market. Later partici- stove-testing method has made important contributions to ongoing pation by China’s stove manufacturers in Mongolia’s stoves program ISO discussions. resulted in a significant lowering of stove costs. 5 T o w a r d U n i v e r sal A ccess t o C lea n C o o k i n g a n d H eati n g The CSI e-forum, an extension of the EAP CSI forum, has and capacity building of the Indonesia Alliance for Clean Cookstoves become one of the most active online communities of the World and facilitated the Indonesia government joining the Global Alliance Bank’s Collaboration for Development platform, with more than 100 for Clean Cookstoves (GACC). The Lao PDR CSI worked closely with participants and over 170 knowledge products shared and catego- SNV on a stove acceptability study, and the China CSI worked closely rized. A recently launched Spanish-speaking section has enabled with the China Alliance for Clean Stoves and the GACC. “Clean cooking and heating knowledge-sharing and learning with the Central American Clean Integrating solutions into World Bank lending operations. programs should involve Cooking Initiative. Under the knowledge-exchange series, numerous The EAP CSI has supported the integration of clean cooking and products have been generated—from formal reports and just-in- heating into World Bank lending operations as a way to further scale stakeholders across many time knowledge notes to country-specific technical and outreach up access. The China CSI has supported the Hebei Rural Renewable sectors and at all levels. materials and a wide range of knowledge-sharing events. These Energy Project, which includes a target of delivering clean cooking But there is no substitute have served to formulate CSI country intervention strategies, build access to 96,100 households, and development of a clean stoves for high-level political, stakeholder capacity, align additional implementation partners, and component under the Hebei Air Pollution Prevention P4R Project. raise the profile of the clean cooking and heating issue on the policy The Indonesia CSI has implemented a Recipient-Executed Trust Fund technical, and financial agenda of participating CSI countries. (RETF) project, with the potential for eventual scale-up. The Lao PDR support from national Collaborative efforts and partnerships. Given the CSI has supported inclusion of a clean cooking component in the leaders and agencies.” cross-cutting nature of the clean cooking and heating agenda, the Health Governance and Nutrition Development Project, while the EAP CSI team has made special efforts to leverage experience and Mongolia CSI has supported a stove replacement program under the knowledge across countries and sectors, promote cross-country Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project (UBCAP). and cross-regional collaboration, and work with external partners. To leverage resources and ensure cross-country knowledge exchange, What has been learned? the CSI shared key consultants and team members across projects. To scale up impacts, the Lao PDR CSI program worked with the Experience from the first two program phases EAP health team to develop its health-impacts RBF feasibility study. provide key lessons for policy makers The Indonesia CSI program worked with the social/gender team to Country-specific action plans and phased implementation study the social context, gender, and user needs in designing and are necessary and appropriate. Although there are common promoting clean stoves.2 The China CSI team collaborated with the barriers to widespread adoption of clean stoves, the best solutions EAP environment team to develop a case study on clean cookstoves will vary from place to place owing to differences in social behavior, in rural China to estimate all benefits of achieving universal access to culture, resources, institutions, and market conditions. Thus, action clean cooking (Akbar and others 2014). plans that take country conditions into account are needed. Taking From the outset, the EAP CSI has collaborated with key external a phased approach—initial stocktaking and roadmap development, regional and international partners. Early on, the Indonesia CSI devel- followed by capacity building and piloting—appears appropriate oped a roadmap for achieving universal access to clean cooking with before scaling up implementation. the Indonesian government, thereby securing €250,000 in parallel A national program with high-level support is key to financing from the French Development Agency (AFD) used to scaling up. Clean cooking and heating programs should involve directly support program implementation through AFD’s implement- stakeholders across many sectors (public, private, and civil society) ing agency, GERES. The Indonesia CSI supported the establishment at all levels (local, provincial, national, and international). But there is no substitute for high-level political, technical, and financial support 2 The series of analytical work, From the Lab to the Field and Back: Social Context, Gender, and from national leaders and agencies. Such support is a key success User Needs in the Design and Promotion of Clean Stoves in Indonesia, is an important part of factor and requires time and engagement to build and maintain. the EAP CSI’s efforts to improve gender equality in the region (https://www.astae.net/publica- tion/social-gender-support-to-Indonesia-CSI). 6 T o w a r d U n i v e r sal A ccess t o C lea n C o o k i n g a n d H eati n g Well-targeted subsidies are needed to achieve universal What lies ahead? access to clean cooking and heating solutions. Like universal access to electricity, which no country has achieved without some The four EAP CSI country programs will take different form of subsidy, universal access to clean cooking and heating will forms as they move forward require subsidies to scale up access for the poor. Market forces and Scaled-up implementation will require dedicated time “Only a robust, locally mechanisms are powerful tools for ensuring a sustainable supply and effort, along with significant technical assistance. customizable testing of clean cooking stoves and should be harnessed in a way that Globally, there are few successful programs for scaling up the use helps the private sector to develop, market, and deliver modern of clean stoves. The process is complex, involving a wide range of protocol can provide cooking solutions. But left to market forces alone, access will be stakeholders linked to diverse issues, including household behavior, stove developers the type limited by affordability and other constraints that affect mainly institutional capacity, and private-sector development. Although the of feedback needed to poor households, particularly in less-developed and remote areas. linkages to poverty alleviation are quite clear, the process of estab- determine what types Thus, government policies are needed (i) to establish and maintain lishing and nurturing a sustainable clean stoves market will take adequate subsidy levels and (ii) to design and implement effective dedicated time and effort. of local adaptation may subsidy-allocation mechanisms to mobilize and sustain private-sec- As they move into the third phase of pilots and scaled-up imple- be needed to make a tor participation in scaling up access to clean stoves. mentation, the four country CSI projects are taking different forms, stove relevant for a given Results-based financing is a promising approach for inte- following their respective intervention strategies and roadmaps: geographic market.” grating key elements of promoting clean stoves and using • In China, an implementation plan has been prepared in response public resources to incentivize the market. The RBF framework to the government’s announced plan to disseminate 40 million developed under the EAP CSI provides a way to attract public clean stoves by 2020. In Hebei province, where a dissemination funding for broad public benefits (such as better health and quality target of 6 million clean stoves by 2017 has been set, the China of life, improved gender equality, jobs creation, and climate change CSI is supporting the design and development of a clean stove mitigation) and use market mechanisms for sustainability. In addition, component under the Hebei Air Pollution Prevention P4R Project. there is potential for applying the RBF approach to other distributed energy solutions (solar home systems, solar lanterns, biogas). • In Mongolia, the stove replacement program under the Clean stove standards, testing protocols, and certification Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project has already exceeded its goal of systems that take local conditions and international best installing heating appliances (stoves and low-pressure boilers) in practices into account are cornerstones for developing a more than 80 percent of targeted households. Efforts are under clean stoves market. Without such systems, incentive mecha- way to scale up the clean stove program to the national level. nisms cannot be properly designed to attract the private sector to • In Indonesia, the ongoing RETF project to pilot the RBF approach bring high-quality stoves into the market. Robust and locally relevant has shown promise for replication and scaling up. A national testing is especially important for developing a market where local clean cookstove program now under design will incorporate the conditions (expressed in factors such as wood moisture, cooking experience and lessons learned from the pilot. practices, and fuel preparation requirements) can vary significantly. • In Lao PDR, the CSI team is progressing on the design and Only a robust, locally customizable testing protocol can provide development of the innovative health impact RBF pilot, and aims stove developers the type of feedback needed to determine what to bring in private-sector financing. types of local adaptation may be needed to make a stove relevant for a given geographic market. Once the CSI country pilots and scaled-up program implementa- tion are completed and the results are known (phase III), a compre- hensive evaluation should be conducted to disseminate the lessons learned (phase IV). 7 T o w a r d U n i v e r sal A ccess t o C lea n C o o k i n g a n d H eati n g References World Bank. 2011. One Goal, Two Paths: Achieving Universal Access Make further Akbar, S., G. Kleiman, S. Menon, and L. Segafredo. “Climate-Smart to Modern Energy in East Asia and the Pacific. Washington, connections DC: World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/ Development: Adding Up the Benefits of Actions That Help Build book/9780821388372. Prosperity, End Poverty and Combat Climate Change.” Working Live Wire 2014/7. ———. 2016. East Asia and Pacific Clean Stove Initiative Summary Paper 88908, World Bank, Washington, DC, and ClimateWorks “Understanding the Report. Report No. AUS6083. Washington DC: World Bank. Foundation, San Francisco, CA. Differences Between Zhang, Y., and O. Knight. 2012. “Results-Based Financing Framework GACC (Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves). 2011. Igniting Change: Cookstoves,” by Koffi Ekouevi, for Promoting Clean Stoves.” EAP Clean Stove Initiative A Strategy for Universal Adoption of Clean Cookstoves and Fuels. Kate Kennedy, and Ruchi Soni. Knowledge Exchange Series. World Bank, Washington, DC. Washington, DC. Live Wire 2014/8. “Tracking Lim, S. S., and many others. 2012. “A Comparative Risk Assessment This note was peer-reviewed by Wendy Hughes, Jan Kappen, and Helene Rex. Access to Nonsolid Fuel of Burden of Disease and Injury Attributable to 67 Risk Factors for Cooking,” by Sudeshna and Risk Factor Clusters in 21 Regions, 1990–2010: A Systematic Ghosh Banerjee, Elisa Portale, Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.” Lancet Heather Adair-Rohani, and 380 (9859): 2224–60. Sophie Bonjour. Live Wire 2014/28 “Tracking Progress Toward Providing Sustainable Energy for All in East Asia and the Pacific,” by Elisa Portale and Joeri de Wit. Live Wire 2015/46. “Results- Based Financing to Promote Clean Stoves: Initial Lessons from Pilots in China and Indonesia,” by Yabei Zhang and Norma Adams. Live Wire 2015/63. “The Lao Cookstove Experience: Redefining Health through Cleaner Energy Solutions,” by Rutu Dave and Rema N. Balasundaram. 8 T o w a r d U n i v e r sal A ccess t o C lea n C o o k i n g a n d H eati n g Get Connected to Live Wire Live Wires are designed for easy reading on the screen and for downloading The Live Wire series of online knowledge notes is an initiative of the World Bank Group’s Energy and self-printing in color or “Live Wire is designed and Extractives Global Practice, reflecting the emphasis on knowledge management and solu- black and white. tions-oriented knowledge that is emerging from the ongoing change process within the Bank for practitioners inside Group. For World Bank employees: and outside the Bank. 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Once a year, the Energy and Extractives Global Practice takes stock of all notes that appeared, reviewing their quality and identifying priority areas to be covered in the following year’s pipeline. Please visit our Live Wire web page for updates: http://www.worldbank.org/energy/livewire e Pa c i f i c 2014/28 ainable energy for all in easT asia and Th 1 Tracking Progress Toward Providing susT TIVES GLOBAL PRACTICE A KNOWLEDGE NOTE SERIES FOR THE ENERGY & EXTRAC THE BOTTOM LINE Tracking Progress Toward Providing Sustainable Energy where does the region stand on the quest for sustainable for All in East Asia and the Pacificasia 2014/29 energy for all? in 2010, eaP Pe and cenTral asTern euro rgy for all in e d Providin gs rate u s Ta i n a b l e e n e of databases—technical measures. This note is based on that frame- Tracking Progr had ess T ow anarelectrification Why is this important? 1 95 percent, and 52 percent work (World Bank 2014). SE4ALL will publish an updated version of of the population had access Tracking regional trends is critical to monitoring the GTF in 2015. to nonsolid fuel for cooking. the progress of the Sustainable Energy for All The primary indicators and data sources that the GTF uses to toward the three SE4ALL goals are summarized below. consumption of renewable (SE4ALL) initiative I V E S G L O B A L PRA C T I progress track CE ENERGY & EXT R A C T energy decreased overall E SERIES FOR THE • Energy access. Access to modern energy services is measured A K N O W L E D G E N O TIn declaring 2012 the “International Year of Sustainable Energy for by the percentage of the population with an electricity between 1990 and 2010, though All,” the UN General Assembly established three objectives to be modern forms grew rapidly. Energy connection and the percentage of the population with access d Providing Sustainable accomplished by 2030: to ensure universal access to modern energy energy intensity levels are high to nonsolid fuels.2 These data are collected using household Tracking Progress Towar services,1 to double the 2010 share of renewable energy in the global and reported in the World Bank’s Global Electrification THE BOTTOM LINE but declining rapidly. overall surveys e and Central Asia energy mix, and to double the global rate of improvement in energy Database and the World Health Organization’s Household Energy trends are positive, but bold for All in Eastern Europ stand efficiency relative to the period 1990–2010 (SE4ALL 2012). where does the region policy measures will be required Database. The SE4ALL objectives are global, with individual countries settingnote is based on that frame- on the quest for sustainable to sustain progress. technicalwith measures. This the overall • Renewable energy. The share of renewable energy in the their own national targets in a way that is consistent energy for all? The region databases— will publish an updated version of SE4ALL energy mix is measured by the percentage of total final energy Why is this important? work (World differ Bank 2014). greatly in their ability to spirit of the initiative. Because countries has near-universal access g objectives, some consumption that is derived from renewable energy resources. of is criticaltoto monitorin pursue the three the GTF willin 2015.more rapid progress make the GTF uses to electricity, and 93 percent Tracking regional trends in one area All others will excel elsewhere, forwhile The primary indicators depending on their and data sources that Data used to calculate this indicator are obtained from energy below. the population has access the progress of the Sustainable Energy respective starting points and comparative track progress toward the advantages three as well SE4ALL as on are summarized goals balances is published by the International Energy Agency and the measured to nonsolid fuel for cooking. services initiative are able access. Access to modern energy United Nations. to marshal. 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The rate of improvement of energy efficiency l Year of Sustainable To sustain momentum by the percentage achievement of the • Energy to nonsolid fuels. 2 hydropower, the share 2012 the In declaringenergy “Internationa economist in objectives percentage to 2030 of the population with access is needed. is approximated by the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) three global establishedobjectives, a means of charting global and the progress reported of renewables in energy All,” the UNthe Energy General Assembly Sector to modern collected led ausingconsor-household surveys and intensity, where energy intensity is the ratio of total to ensure universal The World access Bank and the International These data are Energy Agency of energy and the World consumption has remained Management 2030: to be accomplished by Assistance Electrification Database energy 2010 share the tiumof renewable energy in of 15 international agenciesin establish tothe World Bank’sthe SE4ALL Global Global primary energy consumption to gross domestic product (GDP) relatively low. very high Program energy services, to 1 double of (ESMAP) the Database. World Bank’s Energymix, and Extractives the global Tracking rate of improvemen Framework t (GTF), whichHealth provides a system for Organization regular Energy ’s Household measuredin purchasing inthe energy power parity (PPP) terms. Data used to levels have come and to double renewable energy intensity the global energy (SE4ALL 2012). practical, givenThe energy. share of available calculate energy intensity are obtained from energy balances questions Global Practice. 1990–2010 to the period global reporting, based on rigorous—yet Renewable energy consumption down rapidly. The big in energy efficiency relative countries setting percentage of total final Agency and the United evolve Joeri de Wit is an are global, with individual mix is measured by the published used by the toInternational Energy are how renewables will The SE4ALL objectives in with overall thegoal from renewable energy resources. Data planet has access 1 consistent will be achievedthat derived is every when person on the Nations. targets in a way that isto modern energy services provided picks up energy economist The universal access published when energy demand fuels, from energy balances their own national the Bank’s Energy and countries differ greatly in their ability through electricity, clean cooking calculate this indicator areheating fuels, clean obtained rates Nations. again and whether recent cooking solutions” United Because initiative. Global and energy for productive use and community services. The term “modern and the spirit of theExtractives more rapid progress by the International Energy liquefied Agency petroleum gas), 2 Solid fuels are defined to include both traditional biomass (wood, charcoal, is agricultural will make electricity or gaseous fuels (including efficiency three objectives, some involve of decline in energy intensity that energy refers to solutions of improvemen t of dung, and so on), processed biomass (such as pellets and briquettes), and to pursue thePractice. depending or solid/liquid their on with fuels paired Energy efficiency. The rate stoves exhibiting overall emissions rates at or near thoseof and forest residues, will excel elsewhere, energy of and other solid fuels (such as coal lignite). will continue. in one area while others liquefied petroleum gas (www.sustainableenergyforall.org). as well as on annual growth rate (CAGR) and comparative advantages approximated by the compound total primary energy respective starting points intensity is the ratio of that they are able to marshal. intensity, where energy measured in purchas- the resources and support domestic product (GDP) for the achievement of the SE4ALL consumption to gross Elisa Portale is an To sustain momentum terms. Data used to calculate energy intensity charting global progress to 2030 is needed. ing power parity (PPP) the International energy economist in objectives, a means of balances published by the Energy Sector International Energy Agency led a consor- are obtained from energy The World Bank and the SE4ALL Global Energy Agency and the United Nations. Management Assistance agencies to establish the the GTF to provide a regional and tium of 15 international for regular This note uses data from Program (ESMAP) of the which provides a system for Eastern Tracking Framework (GTF), the three pillars of SE4ALL World Bank’s Energy and Extractives on rigorous—yet practical, given available country perspective on Global Practice. global reporting, based has access Joeri de Wit is an will be achieved when every person on the planet The universal access goal heating fuels, clean cooking fuels, clean energy economist in 1 agricultural provided through electricity, biomass (wood, charcoal, to modern energy services The term “modern cooking solutions” to include both traditional and briquettes), and Solid fuels are defined the Bank’s Energy and use and community services. biomass (such as pellets 2 and energy for productive petroleum gas), and so on), processed fuels (including liquefied and forest residues, dung, involve electricity or gaseous at or near those of Extractives Global refers to solutions that overall emissions rates other solid fuels (such as coal and lignite). with stoves exhibiting Practice. or solid/liquid fuels paired (www.sustainableenergyforall.org). liquefied petroleum gas