EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA WOMEN DEMOGRAPHICS GENDER AT A GLANCE 81832 MEN POPULATION BY AGE, 2010 MOLDOVA Source: UN World Population Prospects. 100+ 90-94 80-84 70-74 GNI per capita (Atlas Method) US$2,0701 60-64 Population living below US$2.50 7%2 50-54 Most recent…. 40-44 Government Gender Action Plan 2010-2015 Country Gender Assessment 2013, World Bank3 30-34 Source: 1WDI, 2012. 2ECAPOV, 2011. Estimated as of September, 2013. 20-24 Note: 3Forthcoming. 10-14 0-4 EQUALITY IN MOLDOVA, 2000-2011 Source: GenderStats, UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union. WOMEN Female gross EDUCATION secondary MEN 2000* enrollment 100 GROSS ENROLLMENT (% of relevant age group), 2011 2011** Source: GenderStats. 100 50 Female labor 80 Share of women force 0 60 in parliament participation (ages 15-64) 40 20 0 Primary Secondary Tertiary Women's monthly wages as a share of men's WOMEN JOBS (unadjusted) MEN * Women’s wages as a share of men’s (2002). ** Share of women in parliament (2013). LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION (% ages 15-64) , 2000- 2011 Source: GenderStats. 70 GLOBAL INDICES Score Max Rank Year 65 World Economic Forum 60 Global Gender Gap Index 0.7101 1 45/135 2012 55 UNDP 50 Gender Empowerment Measure 0.547 1 66/109 2009 45 OECD 40 Social Institutions & Gender Index 0.1602 0 29/86 2012 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR*(%), 2010 Source: KILM (ILO). *Sectors include those with over 5% of total employment. Sector share of total employment Education 9% Health and social work 5% Wholesale and retail trade; repairs 15% Manufacturing 11% Agriculture, hunting and forestry 31% Public administration and defence 5% Transport, storage and communications 6% Construction 7% 0% 50% 100% The constitution of Moldova guarantees equality for men and women before the law. Men and women have equal ownership and LEGAL FRAMEWORK inheritance rights to property. The default marital property regime is partial community of property. There are laws restricting the industries in which women may work. More specifically, there are restrictions regarding the employment of women in the areas of mining, construction, metalworking, factories, jobs requiring lifting weights above a threshold, and jobs deemed hazardous or arduous. Women are entitled to 126 calen- dar days of maternity leave with 100% of wages paid. Parents are entitled to an additional 1,095 days of partially paid parental leave. The law guarantees pregnant and nursing women workplace protections from dismissal and rights to a flexible schedule; however, it does not guarantee placement in an equivalent position when they return from maternity leave. The law stipulates public provision of childcare for children under the age of primary education. The age at which men and women can retire and receive full benefits is 62 and 57, respectively. Source: Women, Business, and the Law (2013). PERCEPTIONS Roma Non-Roma ROMA POPULATION Educational expectation for boys/girls (16+)… For boys For girls For boys For girls Primary education 8% 10% 1% 0% Roma Non-Roma Lower secondary education 32% 29% 3% 3% KEY INDICATORS Male Female Male Female Upper secondary education 22% 23% 22% 22% Literacy rate (16+) 77% 63% 99% 99% Post-secondary education 38% 37% 74% 75% Gross enrollment rate Roma Non-Roma (Upper-secondary education 16-19) 17% 14% 77% 78% Believe it somewhat or fully acceptable... Male Female Male Female Average years of education (25-64) 4.9 3.8 10.2 10.7 For a man to slap his wife 46% 37% 21% 21% Employment rate (15-64) 28% 16% 49% 43% For a wife to slap her husband 17% 16% 14% 18% Unemployment rate (15-64) 34% 41% 22% 17% Felt discriminated against because of… POVERTY Roma Non-Roma Ethnicity 31% 33% 3% 5% PPP$2.15 expenditures based 21% 3% Gender 11% 15% 2% 3% PPP$4.30 expenditures based 51% 24% Source: UNDP/WB/EC Roma survey for Moldova (2011). Moldova Europe & Central OECD Lower Middle Year* Asia Income KEY INDICATORS Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Endowments: Education, Health, and Demographics Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 93 103 102 105 104 107 104 2011 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 87 89 100 97 99 99 64 59 2011 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 34 45 54 66 62 74 20 17 2011 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 92 90 98 99 101 101 92 89 2011 Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above) 99 98 99 98 80 62 2010 Labor force with tertiary education (% of relevant group) 25 31 Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment - 102 - 98 - 100 - 92 2011 Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 73 73 80 77 82 64 68 2011 Maternal mortality rates (per 100,000 live births) - 41 - 21 - - 260 2010 Fertility rates (births per woman) - 1.5 - 1.7 - 1.8 - 2.9 2011 Access to Economic Opportunity Labor participation rate (% of population ages 15-64) 49 45 77 62 79 62 82 39 2011 Unemployment (% of labor force) 7.7 5.6 8.9 8.7 8.0 7.9 4.2 6.3 2011 Youth unemployment (% of population ages 15-24) 14.2 15.8 19.9 20.5 17.2 16.5 13.6 17.7 2011 Self-employed (% of employed men/women) 34 25 22 15 18 13 72 77 2011 Employment rate of persons ages 25-49 with a child under 3 58 19 2010 living in household Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) - 53 - - - 2009 Gender pay gap (in average monthly earnings, % of men's wages, - 26 - - - 2011 unadjusted) Share of women employed in the non-agricultural sector (% of - 55 - 47 - 46 - 24 2010 total non-agricultural employment) Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+) 19 17 73 66 86 80 34 23 2011 Agency Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments(%) - 20 - 24 - 25 - 15 2013 Firms with female top managers (%) - 21 - - - 2009 Share of women among ministers (%) - 6 - 19 - 24 - 14 2012 Percentage agreeing that a husband is justified in hitting or 22 21 2005 beating his wife *Indicates year of country data. All benchmarking data is from the most recent available year. Data from GenderStats (downloaded September 10, 2013), UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union (as of September 1, 2013), DHS, and the central statistics office of M oldova. DATA Please note that where possible, data is from harmonized, internationally comparable sources. WANT TO KNOW MORE? For more information, please visit the Gender Data Portal at www.datatopics.worldbank.org/gender