Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Government of Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Forest Department INTEGRATED PROJECT FOR SOURCE SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE RESILIENT RAIN-FED AGRICULTURE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH (World Bank Assisted) Tribal Development Framework (Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework) Final Report 26 December 2019 Himachal Pradesh Forest Department Project Management Unit Solan, Himachal Pradesh 1 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Contents 1. Background .................................................................................................................. 3 2. Summary of Proposed Project Interventions ............................................................... 3 3. Potential Impacts on Tribal Communities and Applicability of ESS7 ........................ 4 4. Summary of Stakeholder Consultations, including with Tribal Groups...................... 5 5. Tribal Development Framework: Rationale, Objectives and Principles ..................... 6 6. Framework for Meaningful Consultations, and Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), when necessary ......................................................................................................... 8 7. Plan for Preparing area specific Tribal Development Plans (TDPs) ......................... 11 8. Implementation Arrangements .................................................................................. 12 9. Grievance Redressal Mechanism ............................................................................... 13 10. Monitoring and Evaluation ........................................................................................ 15 Annex 1: Scheduled Tribes of Himachal Pradesh ............................................................... 17 Annex 2: Baseline ................................................................................................................ 19 Annex 3: Legal and Institutional Framework ...................................................................... 21 Annex 4: Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes in Project Blocks .................................... 36 Annex 5: Statistical Profile of Tribal Areas of Himachal Pradesh (2014-15) ..................... 38 2 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 ESS7 Tribal Development Framework (Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework) 1. Background The Government of Himachal Pradesh (GoHP) is preparing the Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture (IP) in the selected Gram Panchayats of the State, with financing from the World Bank. IP carries forward the ideas and learnings of H.P. Mid Himalayan Watershed Development Project (HPMHWDP). The proposed IP will invest in measures in upstream catchment areas to improve sustainable land and watershed management to promote the sustainability of perennial water sources. It will also support continued diversification and commercialization of agricultural value chains in downstream areas by supporting production and value addition including the promoting efficient water use thereby increasing the productivity of water in agriculture. It will adopt a spatial approach by (i) applying a landscape approach to individual high-risk micro-watersheds within select river basins in Himachal Pradesh; and (ii) overlaying this with a cluster approach to target value chain investments in specific locations to leverage economies of scale and network externalities. In parallel, the project will develop and demonstrate the application of an analytical evidence base to inform strategic policy choices viz. the trade-offs between alternative water use and will pilot a new institutional arrangement for addressing complex multi-sectoral concepts such as sustainable landscape management that involves several sectors and multiple Government departments. 2. Summary of Proposed Project Interventions The project development objective of the proposed Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture (IP) is “To improve upstream watershed management and increase agricultural water productivity in selected Gram Panchayats in Himachal Pradesh.� The proposed project interventions and its four main components are provided below. Component 1 (Sustainable land and water management) will support a) establishment hydrological monitoring stations; b) preparation of Gram Panchayat Resource Management Plans (GP-RMPs); c) Soil and water conservation measures including afforestation, check dams, bunds water harvesting structures, drainage line treatments, gully plugging; d) Plantations, e) Pasture management with rotational grazing, fodder delineated forest, introduction of voluntary systems of rotational grazing in young forest; e) Development of high-quality seed stands f) construction of centralized seed center and climate-controlled seed bank; g) Nursery development 3 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 h) Forest fire prevention and suppression measures. i) Innovative silviculture pilots and j) operation, maintenance and investment fund (OMIF). Component 2 (Improved Agricultural Productivity and Value Addition) will support interventions on a) water harvesting, storage, and distribution infrastructure, small pond excavation, community tank renovation, roof rain-water tanks, traditional irrigation channels, and gravity and lift intake and distribution structures; b) on farm adoption of Climate Smart Technologies; c) “last-mile� market access infrastructure such as footbridges and manually operated, ropeways (but not roads or investments requiring land acquisition); d) matching grants to individual farmers and farmer groups for essential productive assets. Component 3 (Institutional Capacity Building for Integrated Watershed Management) will support institutional assessments, functional reviews, institutional strengthening, institutional reforms, change management, capacity building interventions that would enable adoption of more holistic approach towards integrated watershed management, climate change, climate resilient and resource efficient agriculture, including information technology strategy Component 4 (project management) will support key project staff, monitoring and evaluation, grievance redress mechanisms, Environment and Social Framework (ESF) implementation, overall capacity building, project communication etc. 3. Potential Impacts on Tribal Communities and Applicability of ESS7 Implementation Area. The project will be implemented in 428 Gram Panchayats (GPs) of 32 Development Blocks covering 10 out of 12 districts of Himachal Pradesh. These districts are Shimla, Solan, Sirmour, Bilaspur, Hamirpur, Mandi, Kullu, Chamba, Kangra & Una. The high mountain districts of Kinnaur and Lahaul and Spiti are not included in the Project. About 111 GPs officially designated as ‘backward’ GPs on the basis of remoteness, infrastructure and access to services. Further, 33 GPs included under the project were de-notified from Wild Life Sanctuaries / Protected Areas about 5 years ago and are now revenue villages. While the Constitutionally notified schedule V areas, with significant tribal populations, are not part of the project, Indigenous Peoples (henceforth the Scheduled Tribes) are dispersed throughout the project districts and project GPs in varying numbers. Their share in the project areas ranges from 1-25%, however they are largely concentrated around the project districts of Chamba and Kangra. Many of project GPs have physical presence of the nomadic transhumant tribes, mainly Gaddis and Gujjars. Positive Impacts. The Scheduled Tribes or Tribal Groups in the project GPs, will be positively impacted by the project interventions. Tribals communities, with other key stakeholders, will be among the primary beneficiaries of the project. These communities will benefit from improved access to irrigation water, climate smart 4 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 agriculture extension services, individual and common productive infrastructure, better quality production inputs, as well as market access infrastructure. Tribal households will especially benefit from employment opportunities in nursery and plantation activities and the development of agricultural value chains and Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs). Community members will benefit from training on improved production and post-harvest practices. Improvements in fodder availability and good livestock rearing practices, will particularly benefit the transhumant nomadic tribes especially Gaddis & Gujjars who dependent on livestock rearing for their livelihoods. Potential for adverse impacts on Tribal Groups. No land acquisition, physical displacement or relocation or involuntary resettlement impacts are anticipated under the project, and no adverse impacts on tribal lands, resources and livelihoods are envisaged. Any project activity requiring acquisition of private land and/or physical relocation will fall under the negative list. All project interventions in forestry plantations, nurseries, water harvesting, storage and distribution systems will be made on government as well as private land that will be donated voluntarily to the GP, following the due diligence provided under ESS5. All project interventions on forest, common and private lands will be screened for any adverse physical and economic impacts, including forest rights, loses of access to customary grazing areas and routes and loss of customary use rights. Forest lands with unsettled Forest Rights will not be selected for any project investments and intervention. Project interventions related to plantations, nurseries, fodder plots/pasture lands, community tanks are likely to involve voluntary, community adopted restrictions of access and usage (such as rotational or seasonal grazing or social fencing) in some cases. This may adversely affect some tribal groups. To mitigate any potential adverse impacts, such interventions will be screened for any potential ‘restriction impacts’ on the lives and livelihoods of potentially affected peoples, especially tribal groups, and these interventions will have to follow the principles, guidelines and mitigation measures provided in the resettlement policy framework and the IPPF. 4. Summary of Stakeholder Consultations, including with Tribal Groups As part of the Environment and Social Assessment, HPFD through its field staff and consultants engaged with rural communities and potential project participants in 20 GPs of 8 districts. This included dedicated consultations and engagement with tribal communities and their community leaders, largely in Chamba and Mandi districts. In addition, more focused consultations were also held the with the nomadic, transhumant tribes, mainly Gaddis and Gujjars. The main feedback from consultations with the tribal communities has been around the need for more information on Project activities, specially opportunities for benefits for the tribal communities around irrigation, horticulture, fodder development and livestock production and health services. Many of the tribal areas are situated in 5 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 geographically difficult terrain with extreme climate. As a result, communities suffer from isolation and inhospitable living conditions due to lack of basic amenities. Due to this, tribal areas also face problems in communication, transport and access to educational, health and irrigation facilities. Increase in livestock herd size with transhumant also results in grazing issues, and resource conflict among communities. Limitations of grazing areas force the transhumant communities to depend on panchayat or private lands for grazing. Absence of knowledge and facilities on value addition of agriculture and forest produce also limits income opportunities. Lack of non-farm employment opportunities perpetuates the dependence on seasonal, rain- fed agriculture. This also results in seasonal outmigration for jobs and livelihoods. Greater convergence with other government projects/ programs for skill development of tribal youth in the project area. There is little awareness about climate change, its impacts and adoption measures at the community level. There is a need to orient the tribal communities towards adopting climate change adaptation measures. Other issues, concerns and needs raised during the village consultations were related to: protective fencing from wild animals, access pathways and bridges over the drains and nullahs, check dams and ponds for irrigation, plantations for stabilizing mountain slopes and preventing landslides, preventive measures for forest fires, more planting of medicinal fruit and fodder rich plants, development of pastures for providing fodder to livestock, opportunities for local employment in project activities, village camps on horticulture and veterinary services as well as on forest rights. HPFD has also conducted extensive consultations with tribal communities as part of preparation for the Forests for Prosperity Project (FPP), which has also informed the preparation of this TDF. 5. Tribal Development Framework: Rationale, Objectives and Principles Given the potential for positive and negative impacts on tribal groups, the World Bank’s Environment and Social Standard ESS7 on Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities is applicable. The Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (IPPF) is required, as the Gram Panchayat resource management plans (GP RMPs) will be prepared during project implementation, and the exact scope, size and location of the specific interventions and investments, as well as the socioeconomic profile of the GPs will be known at that stage. The main objective of the IPPF/ TDF is to establish the requirements of ESS7, organizational arrangements, and design criteria that is to be applied to the GPRMPs that would be prepared during project implementation where tribal groups may be present in, or have collective attachment to, the project area. Following finalization of the GPRMPs, and their individual interventions and investments, area - specific tribal development plans (TDPs), proportionate to the potential risks and impacts, will be 6 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 prepared and implemented. The TDF provides guidance and establishes requirements for screening, consultations and preparation of TDPs. The objective of this Tribal Development Framework is to ensure that the proposed project investments are planned and implemented in socially and culturally meaningful and respectful ways, with free, prior and informed process of consultation so that their meaningful participation in preparation, planning and implementation is assured, and tribal communities derive full benefits of the project investments in a culturally appropriate and equitable manner. The TDF also provides guidance on avoiding or minimizing and/or mitigating any potential adverse impacts on tribal households and their livelihoods. The TDF also establishes appropriate strategies for information sharing, communication and capacity building of tribal stakeholders at all stages of the project and proposes additional interventions/ investments that may be required to enhance project benefits and their outreach/ access to the tribal communities. The TDF will cover all activities under the project and would focus on creating an 'enabling environment' through intensive and extensive awareness creation among community members, mandating their participation in planning, management and operations, ensuring equity in all project interventions and equities. The objectives of TDF are to:  avoid or minimize any kind of adverse impact on the tribal community and to suggest appropriate mitigation measures;  ensure that the project engages in free, prior and informed consultation with tribal people in the entire process of planning, implementation and monitoring of project;  identify the views of tribal people regarding the proposed project and ascertain broad community support for the project;  ensure that project benefits are accessible to the tribal communities living in the project area; 7 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 6. Framework for Meaningful Consultations, and Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), when necessary ESS7 requires the HPFD to obtain Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) for any project interventions that are likely to cause: a) adverse impacts on land and natural resources subject to traditional ownership or under customary use or occupation; b) cause physical relocation of tribal communities from their land and natural resources subject to traditional ownership or under customary use or occupation; or c) significant impacts on the cultural, spiritual, natural and or religious heritage of the tribal communities; Given that all project interventions and investments will be identified and prioritized by the Communities, included in the GP-RMPs, and then endorsed by the GP, the likelihood of any externally imposed activities and interventions are very low. Moreover, interventions causing physical relocation, externally imposed restrictions on use and access to land and natural resources, and significant impacts on cultural heritage have been put in the negative list. The PMU will develop GP-RMPs through a participatory process led jointly by the HPFD, Gram Panchayats and community user groups and which will ensure the active inclusion of tribal communities, women farmers and leaders and other disadvantaged groups. Agriculture extension officers and social extension officers will undergo training to effectively understand and adapt the specific needs of women cultivators and tribal communities in GP-RMPs. As a part of the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) exercise, the preparation of GP-RMPs will take active steps to include interventions suggested by women’s federations and community-based organizations with active participation from women. The process for preparing the GP-RMP Given that all project interventions and investments will be identified and prioritized by the Communities, included in their GP-RMP, and then endorsed by the GP. Tribal communities will be involved in the GP RMP planning and will be actively engaged in the investment planning, implementation and monitoring process. A Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) has been prepared with the objectives of i) systematic approach to stakeholder engagement and information disclosure; ii) maintenance of positive relationships with them; iii) monitoring of stakeholder interests and feedback. The SEP includes a grievance redress mechanism, drawing on systems established under the previous project as well as the existing government systems. Local level project implementation units will be supported to effectively engage with primary stakeholders throughout project implementation. The Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) will ensure that the tribal groups are able to engage with the project in socially and culturally meaningful way/language on 8 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 queries, information disclosure, and grievances. Other project-related information will be shared with the primary stakeholders in locally understood languages where necessary. All ESS plans and documents will be disclosed locally. ESMF and all project interventions specific safeguard documents will be disclosed in country as well as on Bank’s website in English and local language. 9 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Implementation Framework for Social Assessment, Meaningful Consultations and Stages Stakeholder Engagement in Tribal Area Steps Involved Pre -  Development of culturally appropriate IEC materials for Implementation dissemination in the project areas with ST population; Capacity Building  Capacity building of PMU, DPO and APO staff on ESF, ESS, ESMP, TDF and Gender;  Identification of tribal clusters within project GPs for focused implementation of TDF and preparation of TDPs; Pre-planning  Orientation of tribal communities on project objectives, Community interventions and implementation processes through use of Orientation and culturally appropriate IEC materials; Information  Disclosure of TDF and project information Dissemination  Mobilising tribal households for proposed interventions through local tribal language speaking Facilitators  Screening for presence of tribal communities in project villages; Social Assessment  Preparation of socioeconomic baseline of GPRMP, including and Consultations profiling of tribal communities in GPs; during GP RMP  Participatory Rural Appraisal Exercises and Consultations with Preparation tribal communities, community groups and leaders in local language, including women. Consultations and  All GPRMPs will be subject to ESF screening, based on participation participation of the project communities including ST HH; during ESF  The ESF screening checklist will profile the positive and Screening and potential adverse impacts on STs and other vulnerable groups. ESMP  Suitable mitigation plans will be prepared and implemented by Implementation the communities with support from the project.  Hold regular, periodic consultations with affected and benefitted tribal communities during planning and implementation stage to seek broad community support and participation. 10 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Inclusion,  Ensure adequate representation of tribal households in project Representation supported beneficiary groups related with watersheds, and Participation forestry, irrigation, NTFP, microcredit, livestock and during GP-RMP agriculture; Implementation  Inclusion of Tribal households among direct project beneficiaries of individual assets, common assets and livelihood support services related with irrigation, pastures, agriculture, horticultural and veterinary activities, value addition & enterprise development  Inclusion of Tribal Households in any training, exposure visits, consultations, awareness programs, etc.  Regular consultations meetings and stakeholder engagement events within tribal clusters;  Regular, periodic consultations with affected and benefitted tribal communities during planning and implementation stage to ensure broad community support and participation and citizen’s satisfaction. Targeted  The livestock interventions will be provided to targeted project Engagement with benefits to the transhumant nomadic tribes that are Transhumant traditionally dependent on grazing and common pastures. nomadic tribes  About 10% of the budget of interventions will be spent on ST households. Convergence with  Identify schemes that promote social and economic other relevant empowerment of tribal communities with which project government activities can be converged and promote them in project schemes during villages through camps. GP-RMP  Hold consultations with other departments and facilitate implementation convergence through support from the project. 7. Plan for Preparing area specific Tribal Development Plans (TDPs) Following this TDF, the Project will prepare area specific tribal development plans (TDPs), which will include targeted social assessment, meaningful consultations, as well as specific measures to ensure culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, social mitigation plans when needed, and accessible grievance redressal mechanisms. Depending on the presence of tribal people and their socioeconomic vulnerability and cultural distinctiveness the, TDPs will be prepared at district or sub district levels. The TDPs will follow the outline presented below a) A summary of Targeted Social Assessment, including the applicable legal and institutional framework and b) baseline seriocomic data that profiles occupations, land-holdings, agricultural and horticultural operations, animal husbandry, household incomes, existing 11 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 customary usufruct rights over forest resources, participation in project operations as well as community institutions to assess impact c) A summary of the results of the meaningful consultation; d) Specific Measures for ensuring culturally appropriate social and economic benefits for tribal communities; e) Specific Measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for any potential adverse impacts identified. f) Details of cost estimates, financing plan, schedule, and implementation arrangements; g) Accessible grievance redressal procedures h) Project Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms i) Disclosure arrangements 8. Implementation Arrangements The TDP implementation responsibility will be in sync with the overall implementation strategy of the project, with the SMS (Social) at the PMU being responsible for its implementation under the overall guidance provided by the Chief Project Director (CPD) and Executive Director, PMU. The SMS (Social) will also be responsible for coordinating with other line departments, CSOs and other institutional stakeholders for seeking convergence and necessary support from them, provide requisite support from the state level to the External Consultant-TDF for organizing community consultations, data collection and provide oversight from the DPOs on the process of preparation and quality of the TDF. The SMS (Social) will be guided by the Executive and will report to the Executive Director directly. The role and responsibilities of the SMS (Social) include; 1. Support the implementing entities in preparation and finalization of tribal plans for their greater inclusion. 2. Over all planning, designing, guiding, implementing and coordinating institutional development and capacity building strategies proposed for tribals and institutions existing in scheduled areas. 3. Identify resource agencies, partners for the project for capacity building,; 4. Ensure strengthening of community-based institutions, and women; develop a plan for their effective governance and monitoring with special focus in scheduled areas; 5. Identifying stakeholders and ensuring their participation; 6. Monitoring implementation of the framework by different implementing entities as per TDF; 7. Designing the community manual and guidelines for the support organization and developing training modules / manuals / IEC materials; 8. Monitoring the activities of the unit; 9. Ensuring timely implementation of capacity building measures, taking in to account specific needs of the tribals. 12 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 The SMS (Social) will be the responsible person to guide the overall process related to tribal inclusion and their greater participation in the development process. The DPOs and APOs will execute and monitor the TDF actions in consultation with the SMS (Social). The APOs will be associated in the screening process of such activities that require greater involvement of tribals and/or need special focus on tribal involvement. She/he will monitor the processes followed in execution of the planned activities and realization of the tribal inclusion parameters. In the field, the DPOs and SEOs deployed at the field level (approx. 38) will be responsible for mobilizing the community for organizing consultations, creating awareness about the project and likely interventions, mobilizing tribal communities on proposed project activities, for understanding and documenting the community needs /priorities, and supporting preparation and implementation of the TDPs. In additional, an external consultant will be hired for preparation of the tribal development plans with support from the APOs and the field offices located in the project area. The consultant support screening of tribal communities residing in different locations, holding consultations with tribal communities/ households in the project areas- including those with transhumant, developing awareness generation strategy, dissemination material and organizing awareness generation programs, data collection for creation of the socio-economic baseline with support from the field staff, training of project staff, including the tribal facilitators. 9. Grievance Redressal Mechanism Institutional Structure. The Project will establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) with the aim to respond to queries or clarifications or complaints about the project and address complaints/concerns and grievances of the stakeholders. The GRM will focus on corrective actions that can be implemented quickly and at a relatively low cost to resolve identified implementation concerns, GRM will also serve as a channel for early warning, helping to target supervision to where it is most needed and identify systemic issues. The institutional arrangement for the GRM will be established as following: a) Project Grievance Officer. The Executive Director of the HPFD will be the ex- officio, senior most official to act as the Grievance Officer for the whole project. The ED will hold quarterly reviews of the functioning of the GRM. b) State level Grievance Officer. Social Expert. c) District level Grievance Officer. The District Project Officer (DPO) will be the nodal Grievance Officer at the District Level responsible for receiving, tracking and resolving grievances from the stakeholders d) Status of Grievances received and resolved will be track through the project MIS as well as monthly progress reports from the Districts and Blocks. e) HPFD will be issuing an office order and necessary notifications to establish and operationalize the GRM for the project. 13 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Grievance Channels. Project beneficiaries and stakeholders will be able to submit their grievances, feedback and inquiries to the Project through multiple channels summarized below, that will be customized appropriately for tribal communities. a) State Government Portal. The existing mechanism of State Government portal for citizen’s grievances and enquires will also cover the Project. HPFD receives regular inputs from this portal on grievances that are to be addressed by the HPFD. b) Project specific Portal. Project will maintain a portal with dedicated mechanisms for receiving stakeholder grievances. All grievances, feedback and queries received through the project portal will be collated and compiled by the State Social Expert and included in the progress report. The portal will also provide relevant information on the multiple channels that can be used for submitting grievances to the project. c) Grievance Registers. Grievance Registers will be maintained at District/Block levels to record, track and report on the inflow of stakeholder grievances, enquiries and feedback. The Grievance Registers will help with monitoring and evaluation of the functioning of GRMS. d) Information on GRM will be disseminated among the tribal communities through local facilitators and IEC material in local languages. Grievance Process. All grievances, enquiries and feedback received through the multiple channels will be tracked through a grievance log that would be maintained through the MIS. Grievances will be directed to the competent nodal grievance officer at the state, district, and block levels for resolution, with recommended timelines. The concerned Grievance Officer will be responding to the grievance/query through phone calls, meetings and letters, in order to resolve the issues. If needed site visits will be undertaken to appraise the exact nature of the stakeholder concerns. The Complainant will be made part of the grievance resolution process and kept updated of the resolution process through phone calls and formal letters. Information material on GRM will also inform the stakeholders about grievance escalation hierarchy that would help the complainant to escalate any unresolved issues to higher level officers, as well as the existing state level GRM channels of government portal and grievance committee chaired by the district collectors. The grievance redress process will be a continuous, transparent and participatory process that would be an integral part of the project’s accountability and governance agenda. GRM Monitoring and Reporting. The functioning of the GRM will be monitored by the Social Expert in the SPMU and the ED. Status and function of the GRM will be documented and shared by the Social Expert in the SPMU through periodic reports and review meetings. GRMs will also be tracked through the project MIS. Regular GRM Review Meetings will held chaired by the ED and convened by the Social Expert of the SPMU. The Social Expert will be responsible for presenting status of all matters/ grievances received during the last quarter/month, and the action taken to resolve 14 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 them. The GRM mechanism will be notified to the public and stakeholders within the 1st 6 months of project effectiveness. The project website will be posting the status of the GRM status periodically on the website of the project. Grievance Redress Service of The World Bank. In addition to seeking to resolve their grievances through the GRM established at the government level, “communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a World Bank (WB) supported project such as this operation may also submit complaints to the Grievance Redress Service (GRS) established by the World Bank. The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in order to address project-related concerns. Project affected communities and individuals may also submit their complaint to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel, after having brought the complaint to the World Bank's attention through its GRS. Information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s Grievance Redress Service is available athttp://www.worldbank.org/GRS. Information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspection Panel is available at www.inspectionpanel.org. 10. Monitoring and Evaluation The overall M&E framework of the project will be adhered to and would be applicable for the M&E of the inclusion and development of tribals in project activities. However, care will be taken to integrate the inclusion indicators in the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the project. Key indicators to be taken up that are relevant to ensure inclusion of tribal in the overall project are like; 1. Coverage of tribal households in different activities implemented under the project 2. Benefits rendered to and accessed by the tribal households 3. Overall growth in production and productivity of tribal farmers 4. land of tribal households covered under project 5. Access to market and benefits of forward linkages 6. Value addition benefits availed by tribal households / communities 7. Farm technology/ Animal husbandry practices adoption 8. Number of tribal families selected under capacity building activities 9. Number of tribal family members having job card engaged in civil constructions; 10. Association of tribal families/ women members in processing and value addition; etc. At the PMU level, the SMS (Social) will be looking after the overall monitoring and evaluation of the project. The concurrent internal environmental and social monitoring will be done as part of the regular monitoring by the PMU and DPO and APO level implementing agencies. 15 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 However, project will appoint Independent Environmental and Social Monitoring and Audit Consultants to do the half-yearly environmental and social monitoring and audit of sampled project interventions for safeguards compliance. This will start from the 3rd year of project implementation till completion. PMU will prepare a report of the environmental and social safeguards status in the project districts including data and analysis of relevant parameters.  Monitoring would be consistent with the overall M&E proposed under Component 4on Project Management  The overall responsibility for monitoring the implementation would lie with the PMU at the State Level  Oversight of its implementation will also be done through regular field visits by the SMS (Social) and DPOs and APOs.  Progress will be periodically tracked against the baseline data collected during preparation of the TDP  Constraints and challenges identified during TDP implementation will be escalated to Executive Director, PMU and Chief Project Director, PMU for modifications (if found necessary) in the project implementation strategy. The SMS (Social), will be reporting directly to the Executive Director at the PMU level. The PMU will prepare periodic reports, preferably quarterly report, on progress of environmental and social parameters for onward sharing with the World Bank. The implementing institutions/ agencies associated in the implementation process will also prepare their reports, covering tribal inclusion and benefit aspects as per TDF, and submit to the SMS (Social). 16 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Annex 1: Scheduled Tribes of Himachal Pradesh 1. Introduction Out of total 55673 square kilometer geographical area of H.P. about 23,655 square kilometer area falls under Scheduled V, which constitutes 42.49 percent of the total area of the state. The total population living in the Scheduled Area is 173,661 of which 123,585 are tribals which constitute nearly 71.16 percent of the total population living in this area. Out of total ST population in the state 68.51 percent resides outside the Scheduled Areas while the rest is dispersed in other districts and regions of the state1. As per the Socio-Economic Caste Census of 2011, tribals of HP are better off among Scheduled Tribe (ST) households in the rural areas of India. Nearly 21.37 percent ST rural households have an income of more than Rs 10,000 per month and as many as 42.76 percent tribal households own irrigated agricultural land. Among salaried government jobs too, HP tribals are ahead of other states with 23.72 percent such households with at least one member in a government job. However, this does not represent the complete picture of the scheduled tribes in Himachal. The state’s tribal areas have a lower literacy rate at 73.64 percent against the state average of 82.80 percent2. Owing to their present in the remote and geographically challenging areas (Lahaul, Spiti, Kinnaur and Chamba districts) their access to health services is low, which reflects in the poor health infrastructure in tribal areas as well as low health attainments. The average landholding size in tribal areas is around 1.16 hectares but over the years the cropping intensity of these farms has fallen from 136 to 124 percent due to water scarcity and low availability of irrigation facilities. The remoteness of tribal habitations, while creating barriers in mobility, also pose challenges in the provisioning of basic public services like - primary and secondary health services, school and higher education, banking services- apart from low access to established markets. The state statistical profile of tribal areas vis-à-vis Himachal Pradesh for the year 2014-15 is annexed to this report. The official list of scheduled tribes in Himachal Pradesh includes a) Gaddis, b) Gujjars, c) Kinnara or Kinnauras, d) Lahaulas and e) Pangwalas apart from some other smaller tribes groups like Bhot/Bodh, Beda, Jad/Lamba/ Khampa, and Swangla. The Himachal tribes generally have their abode in the upper and middle level of the hills. It is believed that most of the tribal groups of Himachal migrated from plains and adjoining areas from time to time. 1 Source: Directory of Villages with ST concentration, Tribal Development Department, GoHP 2 Annual Tribal Sub-Plan 2017-18, GoHP 17 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 2. Gaddis Of the various hill tribes of Himachal Pradesh, the Gaddi is the most dominant tribe. As compared to the other tribes the Gaddis are most populous. The language of Gaddis is Gadi. The major part of the life of a Gaddi is spent in rearing the sheep and goats which is their main profession, The financial condition of the Gaddis is better than that of their counterparts in other states (Socio-Economic Caste Census, 2011) but since a majority of them lead semi-nomadic, pastoral life practicing transhumance, their standard of living has not improved over time. Maintenance of large herds of sheep and goats and to provide fodder for their cattle is the major occupation of this tribe. 3. Gujjars The Gujjar tribe in Himachal Pradesh falls in Hindu community as well as in Muslim community. A majority of this tribe leads nomadic life and are also a transhumant community. However, some of them have also settled down at different locations and live in a joint family system. The main occupation of this tribe like the Gaddis, is rearing of cattle which is also their main source of livelihood. 4. Kinners or Kinnauras The Kinnara or Kinnaura tribe lives in the border district of Kinnaur. The main sources of the income of Kinnaura’ s are trade, horticulture and agriculture. The other professions of this tribe are settled animal husbandry, weaving, and work as silversmiths, blacksmiths and wood sculptors. 5. Lahulas The tribal inhabitants of Lahaul & Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh are known as Lahaulas. The main sources of the Lauhala’s economy are agriculture, trade, horticulture, animal husbandry and various other crafts. 6. Pangwals The people of Pangwal tribe inhabit the snowbound areas of the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. The main sources of their economy are agriculture, animal husbandry and village crafts. 18 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Annex 2: Baseline 1. ST Population in HP Scheduled Tribes population comprises of 6% of total population of the state. However, the ST population is quite dominant in Lahul & Spiti and Kinnaur – two rural districts of the state, where the ST population is 81% and 58% of the total population of the districts respectively. Among the rest of the districts, ST population in Chamba is 26% of the total district population. The following tables gives the population of Scheduled Tribes in the districts of Himachal Pradesh. Table 1: District-wise Scheduled Tribe Population in HimachalPradesh-2011Census ST Population Total (‘000) DISTRICT Rural Urban Total HH POP M F POP M F POP M F POP M F Bilaspur 80 382 193 189 3% 3% 3% 1% 1% 1% 3% 3% 3% Chamba 102 519 261 258 28% 28% 28% 7% 7% 8% 26% 26% 26% Hamirpur 106 455 217 238 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Kangra 339 1,510 751 759 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% Kinnaur 20 84 46 38 58% 51% 66% - - - 58% 51% 66% Kullu 95 438 225 212 3% 3% 3% 11% 10% 11% 4% 4% 4% Lahul & Spiti 7 32 16 15 81% 77% 87% - - - 81% 77% 87% Mandi 219 1000 498 501 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Shimla 184 814 425 388 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% Sirmaur 98 530 276 253 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% Solan 122 580 309 271 5% 5% 5% 2% 1% 2% 4% 4% 5% Una 110 521 264 257 2% 2% 2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 2% 2% 2% HIMACHAL PRADESH 1,483 6,864 3,481 3,382 374.4 186.9 187.5 17.7 9.2 8.5 392.1 196.1 196.0 (‘000) % of Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 6% 6% 6% 3% 2% 3% 6% 6% 6% Source: Census of India-2011. 2. Education In 2011, the overall literacy rate was about 82% with male literacy rate of 89% and female literacy rate 75%. Literacy percentage among Scheduled Tribes has increased from 65.5%in 2001 to 73.64% in 2011- the male literacy rate was 83.17% and females literacy rate stood at 64.20% in 2011, which is still well below the state average and far less than that of their male counterparts. Table 2: Literacy Percentage among ST Population in HP 2011 Census District Male Female Total 1. 5. 6. 7. Bilaspur 84.6 66.0 75.5 19 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 2011 Census District Male Female Total Chamba 80.3 58.0 69.1 Hamirpur 92.6 78.2 85.4 Kangra 82.8 65.7 74.1 Kinnaur 89.2 71.5 80.0 Kullu 90.2 76.0 83.2 Lahul & Spiti 86.9 67.2 76.9 Mandi 83.8 68.2 75.9 Shimla 79.8 70.8 75.5 Sirmaur 69.7 48.7 59.7 Solan 82.5 63.0 73.1 Una 87.8 71.8 80.0 HP 83.2 64.2 73.6 Source: Census of India 2001& 2011. 3. Infrastructure – Roads As shared in below table, poor road connectivity in predominantly tribal areas, primarily owing to difficult and challenging topography creates geographical isolation, restricts access to basic public goods and services, markets and creates high dependence on natural resources for their livelihood. Table 3: District-wise Road Length District 2014-15 Metaled, Km Un- Metaled, Km Bilaspur 1346 336 Chamba 1288 1050 Hamirpur 1636 237 Kangra 5149 733 Kinnaur 484 316 Kullu 959 866 Lahul & Spiti 593 645 Mandi 2763 2466 Shimla 2625 2695 Sirmaur 1380 1594 Solan 1734 1138 Una 1735 147 HP 21692 12223 Note:-Road Length includes National Highways and Border roads. Source: Public Works Department, H.P 20 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Annex 3: Legal and Institutional Framework Out of total 55673 square kilometer geographical area of H.P. about 23,655 square kilometer area falls under Scheduled V, which constitutes 42.49 percent of the total area of the state. The total population living in the Scheduled Area is 173,661 of which 123,585 are tribals which constitute nearly 71.16 percent of the total population living in this area. Out of total ST population in the state 68.51 percent resides outside the Scheduled Areas while the rest is dispersed in other districts and regions of the state3. As per the Socio-Economic Caste Census of 2011, tribals of HP are better off among Scheduled Tribe (ST) households in the rural areas of India. Nearly 21.37 percent ST rural households have an income of more than Rs 10,000 per month and as many as 42.76 percent tribal households own irrigated agricultural land. Among salaried government jobs too, HP tribals are ahead of other states with 23.72 percent such households with at least one member in a government job. However, this does not represent the complete picture of the scheduled tribes in Himachal. The state’s tribal areas have a lower literacy rate at 73.64 percent against the state average of 82.80 percent4. Owing to their present in the remote and geographically challenging areas (Lahaul, Spiti, Kinnaur and Chamba districts) their access to health services is low, which reflects in the poor health infrastructure in tribal areas as well as low health attainments. The average landholding size in tribal areas is around 1.16 hectares but over the years the cropping intensity of these farms has fallen from 136 to 124 percent due to water scarcity and low availability of irrigation facilities. The remoteness of tribal habitations, while creating barriers in mobility, also pose challenges in the provisioning of basic public services like - primary and secondary health services, school and higher education, banking services- apart from low access to established markets. 1. Constitutional Safeguards The Constitution of India has made the provisions for Scheduled Tribes in the country considering the challenges faced by them and lack of access to development facilities in the geographic regions where they reside. The main safeguards include promotion of educational and economic interests and their protection from injustices and all forms of exploitation. The constitution also safeguards the indigenous communities from the general rights of all Indian citizens to move freely, settle anywhere and 3 Source: Directory of Villages with ST concentration, Tribal Development Department, GoHP 4 Annual Tribal Sub-Plan 2017-18, GoHP 21 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 acquire property by posing certain restrictions on it, largely to conserve the customs and traditions of these communities. It also permits the States to make reservation in public services in case of inadequate representation and requiring them to consider their claims in appointments to public services. The constitution provides setting up of separate departments in the States and National Commission at the Centre to promote tribal welfare and safeguard their interests (Art. 224, fifth and Sixth Schedules) and grant�in�aid are provided to the States to meet the cost of such development schemes to be undertaken for prompting the welfare of Schedule Tribes or raising the level of development in the Schedule Areas (Art. 275 (1). The constitutional safeguards related to tribals are: i. Article 14, related to equal rights and opportunities; ii. Article 15, prohibits discrimination on grounds of sex, religion, race, caste etc.; iii. Article 15 (4), enjoins upon the state to make special provisions for the STs; iv. Article 16 (3), empowers states to make special provisions for reservation in appointments or posts in favour of STs; v. Article 46, enjoins upon states to promote with special care educational and economic interests of STs, protection from social injustice and exploitation; vi. Article 275 (I), grant�in�aid for promoting the welfare of STs; vii. Article 330, 332, 335, related to the reservation of seats for STs in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies; and viii. Article 339, 340, related to Control of the Union over the Welfare of STs and powers to investigations thereof. One of the important Acts which ensures Social Safeguards of the STs is "Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. These provisions create safeguards for the protection of tribal communities while creating an environment for affirmative action to support the mainstreaming of tribal communities and for bringing them at par with the other social communities. Through these provisions the constitution also creates a separate institutional set-up and parallel budgetary arrangements (through a tribal sub-plan) for ensuring availability of adequate finances (in proportion to the tribal population) and dedicated cadres for implementing certain programs for tribal development and providing oversight/ monitoring of schemes and programs implemented by other departments. 2. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 This Act recognizes and vests forest rights and occupation on forest land in forest dwellings to scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have been residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded. The Act provides for a framework for recording the forest rights so vested and the nature of evidence required for such recognition and vesting in respect of forest land. 22 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest s) Act, 2006 also known as the Forest Rights Act recognizes the 'rights' of the forest dwellers (mainly scheduled tribes) to access and use the forest and its resources by providing legal sanctity to that rights and also vests these forest dependent communities with the responsibility to sustainably use, conserve and manage these forest resources and contribute towards strengthening the conservation of these vital natural resources. . The Act recognizes the following rights of the ST and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (OTFDs): i. Right to hold and live on the forest land under individual or collective occupation for habitation or for self-cultivation for livelihood by ST or OTFD member or members; ii. Community rights over forest resources iii. Right of ownership, access to collect, use, and dispose of minor forest produce which has been traditionally collected within or outside village boundaries; iv. Other community rights of uses or entitlements such as fish and other products of water bodies, grazing (both settled or transhumant) and traditional seasonal resource access of nomadic or pastoralist communities; v. Rights, including community tenures of habitat and habitation for primitive tribal groups agricultural communities; vi. Right of access to biodiversity and community right to intellectual property and traditional knowledge related to biodiversity and cultural diversity; vii. Any other traditional right customarily enjoyed by the forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes or other traditional forest dwellers Forest Rights Act, 2006 (FRA) gives the right of ownership, access to collect; use and dispose of minor forest produce which has been traditionally collected within or outside village boundaries. The Act also recognizes the development rights of communities residing within the forests or on forest fringe by providing smooth, encumbrance free access to development facilities in their habitations. Based on the provisions of the Act, so far 17,503 Forest Rights Committees, 76 Sub Division Level Committees and 19 District Level Committees have been constituted in the state to manage the implementation of the Act. As of July 2017, titles for 7 Community rights and 53 (OTFD) Individual rights over land measuring 1890.11 Hectare and 0.4289 Hectare respectively have been recognized and vested. While the matter was debated for a long time, the state has decided that since community rights in Himachal Pradesh have already been defined in the Record of Rights they will be settled in accordance with the existing ‘Record of Rights5. The social impact screening checklist for the project will ensure that the project will not be implemented in areas where community forest rights claims have been filed but not settled. 5 Minutes of 12th State Level Monitoring Committee (SLMC) Meeting 25 July 2017 23 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 3. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes: (Prevention of Atrocities) Rules, 1995 This Act provides for specific provisions to prevent atrocities on the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes and suggests State Governments to frame rules for the same. These include identification of areas where atrocity may take place or there is an apprehension of re�occurrence of an offence under the Act. The State Government is required to set up a “Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes Protection Cell� at the state headquarters headed by the Director of Police, Inspector�General of Police. This Cell is responsible for:  conducting survey of the identified area;  maintaining public order and tranquility in the identified area;  recommending deployment of special police or establishment of special police post in the identified area; and  Restoring the feeling of security amongst the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. The protective provisions safeguard tribal people from social injustices and all forms of exploitation, while the developmental provisions promote special care for the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections like the STs and SCs. Further, administrative provisions under the Fifth and Sixth Schedules give special powers to the state for the protection and governance of tribal areas and the reservation provisions ensure due representation in legislative bodies and government jobs. 4. Protective and Anti-exploitative Measures Land Alienation Provision under The Himachal Pradesh Transfer of Land (Regulation) Act, 1968 states that no person belonging to Scheduled Tribe shall transfer his interest in any land including any constructed premises by way of sale, mortgage, lease, gift or otherwise to any person not belonging to such tribes except with the previous permission in writing of the State Govt. This has been done to prevent land alienation of vulnerable tribal communities through exploitative transactions with money lenders and other vested interests. 5. Money landing, debt relief and Bonded Labour Himachal Pradesh Registration of Money Lender Act, 1976 regulates money lending in the State which prescribes registration of money lenders and procuring of licenses for doing money lending business. Himachal Pradesh Relief of Agricultural Indebtedness Act, 1976 also provides relief from indebtedness to certain farmers, landless agricultural labourers and rural 24 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Artisans of the State. The Act has also put to an end Bonded Labour and any custom/ traditions similar in arrangement. 6. Agriculture and Forest Sector Himachal Pradesh Tenancy and Land Reform Act, 1972 has put an end to all forms of tenancy except under certain legal disabilities and the law provides Suo-moto conferment of propriety rights on such tenants and they are not required to apply for the same. The system of share-cropping is also non-existent. There are no forest villages in the State and minor forest produce exploitation is nationalized. The tribals have recorded rights to collect minor forest produce for their own consumption or sale thereof. Co-operative marketing societies also undertake sale of such forest produce. 7. Excise Policy The local population is allowed to manufacture country fermented liquor for home consumption and use on special occasions or to distil liquor from fruits and grains for home consumption but only after a license to this effect is obtained beforehand. This facility is available in all tribal areas except Bharmour. 8. Provision of Scheduled Areas under Fifth Schedule of Constitution In order to protect the interests of the Scheduled tribes, the provision of “Fifth Schedule� is enshrined in the Constitution under article 244 (2) which identifies certain areas with predominant tribal population that require special protection and measures for conserving their population and culture and provides an administrative arrangement to implement development programs in those areas. The criteria for declaring any area as a "Scheduled Area "under the Fifth Schedule are:  Preponderance of tribal population,  Compactness and reasonable size of the area,  Available administrative entity such as district, block or taluk, and  Economic backwardness of the area as compared to neighboring areas. 9. Scheduled Areas of HP The details of notified FSA areas in the State of Himachal Pradesh are as under:  Schedule V District (Fully &Partly covered) – 3 o Schedule V District (Fully covered) – 2 (Lahaul & Spiti, and Kinnaur) o Schedule V District (Partly covered) – 1 (Chamba)  Blocks in Schedule V area: 7  No of Gram Panchayats in Schedule V area – 151  No of Revenue Villages in Schedule V area – 806 25 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 10. Fifth Schedule Areas The Kinnaur and Lahaul-Spiti districts, in their entirety, and Pangi and Bharmour (now tehsil Bharmour and sub-tehsil Holi) Sub-Divisions of Chamba district constitute the Scheduled Areas in the State, fulfilling the minimum criterion of 50% ST population concentration in a CD Block. These are situated in the north and north-east part of the state forming a contiguous belt in the far hinterland behind High Mountain passes with average an altitude of 3281 metre above the mean sea-level. The district of Kinnaur Lahaul-Spiti , Pangi Sub- Division of Chamba district and the Bharmour sub- division of this district form the schedule V area of the state and are characterized by snow glaciers, high altitudes and highly rugged terrain, criss-crossed by fast flowing rivers and their tributaries The most distinguishing mark of the tribal areas in the State is that they are very vast in area but with low population density with the result that per unit cost of infrastructure development is very exorbitant. These areas were declared as Schedule Areas by the President of India as per the Schedule Area (Himachal Pradesh) Order, 1975 (CO 102) and Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDFs) were created to manage them. These five ITDFs are Kinnaur, Lahaul, Spiti, Pangi and Bharmour. Except Kinnaur which is spread over 3 Community Development Blocks, rest of the ITDFs comprise one block each. 11. Pockets of Tribal Concentration Tribal development envisaged a two- pronged strategy to cover both the concentrated and dispersed tribals. The areas of tribal concentration with 50% or above tribal population were taken up through the setting up of ITDFs. For dispersed tribal groups, Modified Area Development Approach (MADA) was devised to cover such pockets of tribal concentration which had a population threshold of 10,000 in contiguous areas, of which 50 percent or more were tribals. In Himachal Pradesh, two such pockets Chamba and Bhatiyat Blocks were identified in Chamba district covering an area of 881.47 Sq.Km. and population of 29455 (7.51%) of Scheduled Tribes as per 2011 census. Coupled with tribal areas, 100% of ST population was covered under Sub-Plan treatment. 12. Dispersed Tribes in Non-Scheduled Areas To ensure 100% coverage of ST population under its treatment, Tribal Affairs Ministry came out with the SCA supplementation for such dispersed tribes in 1986-87 but because of late receipt of guidelines, the actual adoption was deferred to 1987-88 and in this way, 100% ST population in the State come under sub-plan ambit. 13. Purpose and Advantage of Scheduled Areas Scheduled Areas have certain distinct provisions meant to protect and benefit tribal people in a State: 26 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019  The Governor of a State which has Scheduled Areas is empowered to make regulations in respect of o prohibit or restrict transfer of land from tribals; o regulate the business of money lending to the members of STs.  In making any such regulation, the Governor may repeal or amend any Act of Parliament or of the Legislature of the State, which is applicable to the area in question.  The Governor may by public notification direct that any Act of Parliament or Legislature of the State shall not apply to a Scheduled Area or any part thereof in the State or shall apply to such area subject to such expectations and modifications as may be specified.  Tribes Advisory Council [TAC] shall be established in States having Scheduled Areas. The TAC may also be established in any State having Scheduled Tribes but not Scheduled Areas on the direction of the President of India. 14. Modified Area Development Approach (MADA) Pockets and Clusters Since the 8th Five Year Plan (1992-97), the concept of TSP has been modified by extending the coverage to the entire ST population outside the scheduled areas but including those who live in contiguous areas. Three criteria are laid down for identification of tribal pockets under MADA approach. These include:  A minimum population of 10,000  50% of ST population in the pockets  Contiguity of villages in the pockets. 15. Devolution of power and system of local self�governance In 1992, the Government of India enacted the Constitution's 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts to strengthen democratic institutions at the grassroots level and empower the people for effective participation in local governance. Under the Act, a three tier PRI system has been introduced viz. Zilla Parishad at the district level, Panchayat Samiti at the Block level and Gram Sabha at the Gram Panchayat level. 16. HP Panchayat Raj Act, 1994 The Act provides for the constitution of Panchayat Raj in the state of Himachal Pradesh in a 3-tier system for local governance. The State Panchayati Raj Act has vested Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samitis and Zilla Parishads with rights to minor water bodies, minor forest produces and management of local markets. The Act also provides for representation of women and members of tribal communities in all the 3-tiers based on proportion of tribal population. 27 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Table 4: PRI Constitution Level PRI Body Constitution Head Zilla Parishad. Zilla Parishad District Level Zilla Parishad Upadhyaksh, ZP Members Pramukh, Up�Pramukh Panchayat Samiti Block Level Panchayat Samiti members Village Level Gram Panchayat Pradhan, Up�Pradhan, Ward members 17. Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act Pursuant to the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, the State of Himachal Pradesh passed a Panchayati Raj Act in 1994 (HPPRA). Since provision of the PESA did not extend to the state, in 1997, in accordance with the PESA its provisions were through an amendment in the State Panchayati Raj Act to bring into effect PESA to the Scheduled Areas of H.P through “The H.P. Panchayati Raj (Second Amendment) Act, 1997‟. The Act was promulgated to protect the customs, rights and livelihoods of tribal communities through people-centric governance, planning & implementation, and control over resources. With the strength and support of PESA Act, 1996 the PRI bodies at the district and village level have been vested special functional powers and responsibilities to ensure effective participation of tribal people in their own development and to preserve and conserve their traditional rights over natural resources. The Act recognizes the customary institutions and practices of the indigenous communities and vests in the Gram Sabha (village assembly) the power to be consulted and sought consent for any development project proposed for the area, consultation before any land acquisition or resettlement, power to manage village markets, restrict operations of money lenders, own and manage minor forest produce and also prepare plans, at an appropriate level, for their development. A brief summary of powers given to PRIs under PESA Act is given below Table 5: Powers given to Gram Sabha under PESA Act Gram Block Gram Sabha Zilla Parishad Panchayat Panchayat  Listing of development projects  Enforcement of  The powers  Approval to for execution through GP. prohibition of of control obtain  Identification and regulation or and concession for recommendation of beneficiaries restriction of supervision raising minor under poverty alleviation the sale and of activities minerals, lease programs. consumption of of various and licenses for  Any proposal/plan presented any intoxicant. organizations mining by the GP needs prior  The ownership and activities or consultation and approval with of Minor Forest individuals auctioning of the Gram Sabha. Produce. and their 28 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Gram Block Gram Sabha Zilla Parishad Panchayat Panchayat  Prior approval for collection of Prevention of office bearers minor mineral taxes. Wherever necessary alienation of engaged in products. asking for information from GP. land and social work  Prior approval  Intervene in conflict resolution restoration of  Consulting of Zilla through traditional and any unlawful the Gram Parishad, for customary traditional methods if land of a Sabha land acquisition required. Scheduled wherever or rehabilitation  Gram Sabha has power to Tribe. necessary. of affected safeguard the cultural identity,  Control over people with or community resources and the money without dispute resolution per lending to the consultation traditional customs and Scheduled with the Gram regulations. Tribe. Sabha.  Control and supervision of  Planning and functions and powers of GP. management of minor water bodies. 18. The National Forest Policy 1988 The National Forest Policy 1988 of the Government of India envisages people's involvement in conservation, protection and management of forest. It emphasized that forest produce must go first to the people living in and around forests. Further, in June 1990 a Government resolution supported involvement of non-governmental organizations and the creation of village level institutions in forest management. State Strategy for Tribal Development Coupled with tribal areas, 100% of ST population was covered under Sub-Plan treatment. For equitable flow of funds to the 5 ITDFs, the State has evolved an objective formula based on a weightage of 40% to population, 20% to area under Schedule V and 40% to relative economic backwardness of each ITDF. Based on this formula, the share of each ITDF is as under: - Kinnaur 30% Lahaul 18% Spiti 16% Pangi 17% Bharmour 19% 19. Department of Tribal Development 29 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 The department works with the objective of providing special attention to the social and economic upliftment of Scheduled Tribes of the state. The mandate of the department includes6:  All matters relating to planning generally e.g. assessment of resources, formulation of plans, laying down of targets and physical aspects and co- ordination in relation to matters affecting tribal areas and the members of Scheduled Tribes of the State.  Periodical assessment and evaluation of Tribal Sub-Plan activities in relation to matters affecting tribal areas and members of Scheduled Tribes of the State.  All policy matters including introduction of new schemes affecting tribal areas  Tendering advice to other departments on proposals and in relation to all matters affecting Tribal areas and members of Scheduled tribe.  Overall co-ordination and evaluation of all activities of other departments in relation to matters affecting tribal areas and Scheduled Tribes.  Providing managerial support to the functioning of Tribal Advisory Council.  Administration and management of all Integrated Tribal Development Projects- ITDFs in the state. 20. Relevant Schemes of Scheduled Tribes Development Department The major function of the department is to promote and protect rights of tribal communities, implement programs for educational and economic development, prepare tribal sub- plan of the state, act as the channelizing agency of funds, coordinate and monitor use of funds by various line departments in tribal areas and implement works in the ITDFs. Table 6: Schemes implemented in the ITDFs Scheme/ Fund Objective Special Central SCA to TSP is a 100 percent grant from GoI to be utilized for Assistance to the economic development of ITDF, ITDA, MADA, Clusters Tribal Sub- Plan and dispersed tribal populations. The objective is to invest in the human resource development of tribal communities to enhance their access to education and health; provide basic amenities in tribal areas; reduce poverty and unemployment by creation of productive assets and income generating opportunities; and to protect them against exploitation. 6 Source: Tribal Development Department website: http://admis.hp.nic.in/himachal/tribal/introduction.htm 30 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Grants in Aid Grants-in-aid under Article 275(1) are 100 percent annual under Article 275 grants from GoI to be utilised for socio economic (1) development of ITDF, MADA, & Clusters. The objective is the same as that provided for SCA to TSP, but prioritises the use of funds in following areas a) Education – 40 – 50 percent, b) Health – 10 - 15 percent, c) Agriculture and allied sector 20 - 30 percent d) Other income generating schemes to augment Tribal economy 10-15 percent Skill Development The scheme uses Conservation cum Development Plan for Tribal funds for livelihood improvement by promoting skill Communities development in agriculture, horticulture, livestock, fisheries, non-farm enterprises, forestry, etc., creating employment/ self-employment opportunities (through establishment of micro-enterprises) and providing market linkages. Scheme covers modern as well as traditional skills. Vocational The scheme is to upgrade the skills of tribal youth in various Training in Tribal traditional / modern vocations depending upon their Areas (VTC) educational qualification, market trends and potential- to enable them to be gainfully employed. One-third seats are reserved for tribal girls. Mechanism for This centrally sponsored scheme provides social safety to Marketing of MFP gatherers who are mostly Scheduled Tribes. The Minor Forest scheme seeks to ensure fair monetary returns for their Produce (MFP) collection, processing, storage, packaging, and through Minimum transportation efforts and share revenue from the sale proceeds with them. The scheme also aims to work on Support Price medium- & long-term measures like sustainable collection, (MSP) and value addition, infrastructure development, knowledge Development of expansion on MFP, development of market intelligence, Value Chain for strengthening the bargaining power of village institutions- MFP Gram Sabha and Panchayats. The state has recently launched a scheme -Van Samriddhi Jan Samriddhi Yojana- anchored on this scheme to maximize economic returns for households (tribal as well as non-tribal) engaged in collection and sales of NTFPs and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) through formation and strengthening of local collectives- Community User Groups (CUGs). 31 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Institutional To give comprehensive support on the entire range of Support for production, product development, preservation of Development traditional heritage, support to both forest and agricultural produce and support is provided to institutions to carry and Marketing of these activities. This includes support for improvement of Tribal Products / infrastructure, development of designs, dissemination of Produce information about prices and procurement agencies, support to government agencies for sustainable marketing and for ensuring remunerative prices, hand holding Gram Panchayats and Gram Sabha through information dissemination and awareness generation Tribal Cooperative TRIFED functions both as a service provider as well as Marketing market maker for tribal products, including MFPs. It also Development imparts training and capacity building support to ST Federation of India Artisans and tribal MFP gatherers on sustainable harvest Limited (TRIFED) techniques, primary processing and marketing. 21. Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe Development Corporation The Corporation works for the economic empowerment of the tribal communities by identifying opportunities for self-employment and income generation for tribals, extending skill upgradation, institutional and marketing support for them to enter those vocations or improve them and most importantly provide concessional finance for viable income generation schemes through SCAs and other schemes. Table 7: Schemes implemented by SC/ST Development Corporation Scheme Details Term Loan scheme Under this scheme term loan is provided for viable schemes costing up to Rs. 25 lakhs for up to 90% of the project cost for tribal entrepreneurs Adivasi Mahila This scheme for the economic development Sashaktikaran Yojana of Scheduled Tribe women offers loan up to 90% for scheme costing up to Rs 1 lakh at highly concessional interest rate Micro Credit Scheme This scheme exclusively for Self Help Groups is for meeting small loan requirement of ST members. Under the scheme, the Corporation provides loans up to Rs 50,000/- per member and Rs 5 lakh per SHG for meeting their micro- credit requirements. 32 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Tribal Forest Dwellers The scheme is for generating awareness, providing Empowerment Scheme training to beneficiaries, and concessional financial assistance, apart from assistance in developing market linkages to the Scheduled Tribes forest dwellers vested land rights under Forest Rights Act, 2006. Under the scheme, loan up to 90% for schemes costing up to Rs 1 lakh is provides at concessional interest rate to the right-holders. Financial assistance for This assistance is provided as grant to create Skill and entrepreneurial opportunities for Self-employment / employment, development through skill and Programme entrepreneurial development Financial assistance for The Corporation provides financial assistance as Marketing Support grant to meet the working capital requirements of agencies engaged in procurement and marketing of Minor Forest Produce (MFP) and other tribal products. 22. Forest Department and Programs for Tribal Development The tribal people participate in raising plantations on forest land and have the right to collect fuel and fodder from the plantations so raised. The local communities, including tribal, have the right to extract NTFP and receive timber from the government owned forests. These forests have come under heavy pressure for meeting the demand of timber for the ever - increasing population. People in these areas rear large herds of animal population for meeting their requirement of wool, meat and milch etc. These animals are grazed in the forests and on the government owned pasture lands. Some pastures and forests are also visited by the migratory grazers or transhumant. 23. Objectives of Forest Department aimed at Tribal Development  To raise plantations of fuel, fodder and small timber species including sea buckthorn with involvement of people.  To improve the existing pastures.  To introduce economically important species.  To prolong life of reservoirs of River Valley Projects by taking up soil conservation measures.  To carry out survey of medicinal and aromatic herbs to conserve and develop them further. 33 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Apart from this other activity of the forest department that directly as well as indirectly have an impact on the local communities, including the indigenous communities include the following: a. Improvement of forests, tree cover and compensatory afforestation and plantation through Participatory Forest Management. b. Sustainable management of natural resources and wildlife including man- animal interface/ conflict outside the protected area c. Reduction of silt load in catchments through Catchment Area Treatment Plans and Externally Aided Watershed Projects (Mid Himalayan and Swan projects). d. Preparation of forest working plans. e. Capacity building of community institutions created around forest management including JFMCs and VFDCs. f. Creating awareness about forests, forestry and bio - diversity. g. Forest Conservation and Development- implementing schemes for forest protection to counter the increasing biotic pressure and takes measures for protection of forests. Social & Farm Forestry- development of pastures and grazing land and making them available to tribal communities that have dependence on forest resources for meeting their year-round as well as seasonal fodder needs. Under this scheme, high altitude pastures as well as grazing lands adjoining villages are taken care of, by introducing better grasses, raising fodder trees and taking up fodder plantations around villages with concentration of cattle population. h. The National Afforestation Program (NAP) is being implemented to improve tree cover and involves a) Afforestation- to cover blank areas and bringing them under tree cover to achieve optimal land use. Both conifer and broad- leafed species of indigenous as well as tried and tested species of exotic origin, suitable to the site are planted. i. Activities under the program include- Physical and social Fencing of areas, and complementary soil and moisture conservation measures, planting and bush cutting; b) Enrichment plantings for densification of existing forests to improve their stocking and productivity through activities similar to those done under NAP) re- afforestation of scrub areas- to convert areas under scrub including those covered by bushes and weeds into productive forests/plantations by introducing suitable species of indigenous and exotic origin, through social and physical fencing, soil and moisture conservation measure and weed removal, bush cutting and planting. j. Raising Nurseries for Public distribution-raise genetically superior and healthy plants in departmental nurseries for planting activities and for distribution to public to achieve the right mix of suitable species (both conifer and broad leafed). k. Intensification of Forest Management - Forests are exposed to dangers of fire, illicit felling and encroachments. For better prevention and management check posts are established at suitable places to curb illicit timber trade and 34 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 providing firefighting equipment and techniques in forest divisions where fire is a major source of forest destruction. l. Augmentation of Minor Forest Produce- Regeneration of Chilgoza Pine by raising their nurseries and plantations of in Kinnaur District since it is an important minor forest produce and tribals supplement their incomes by collection and sale of Chilgoza7. 7 Apart from these departments, the Cooperative Department of the state also offers schemes and financial support for creating marketing and rural godowns by offering subsidy on construction of marketing outlets and rural godowns and a price fluctuation fund to support communities for marketing of agriculture /horticulture /minor forest produce in tribal areas, which are mostly in the hands of private traders. Under the latter, emphasis is laid on participation of marketing co- operative societies in outright purchase of produce and an incentive of 5 percent of the total annual turnover is provided to them. 35 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Annex 4: Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes in Project Blocks (2011 Census, Rural Population) SC Population S. No. District Block SC Population % age 1 Mandi Balh 49279 17.56 2 Solan Nalagarh 44558 29.94 3 Mandi Sundarnagar 38107 13.58 4 Sirmour Paonta Sahib 36757 24.55 5 Kullu Kullu 34760 30.09 6 Solan Dharampur 34667 23.30 7 Bilaspur Jhanduta 32617 34.82 8 Sirmour Sangrah 29990 20.03 9 Solan Solan 28846 19.39 10 Kangra Pragpur 28828 9.46 11 Kangra Dehra 27040 8.87 12 Shimla Chaupal 25230 14.08 13 Mandi Seraj 24188 8.62 14 Bilaspur Ghumarwin 24177 25.81 15 Kangra Panchrukhi 23977 7.87 16 Sirmour Nahan 23007 15.37 17 Una Una 22946 21.24 18 Kangra Baijnath 22472 7.37 19 Hamirpur Bhoranj 22388 21.62 20 Kullu Naggar 22371 19.37 21 Chamba Chamba 22365 21.17 22 Shimla Theog 22013 12.28 23 Hamirpur Bijri 21637 20.90 24 Sirmour Pachhad 20734 13.85 25 Una Bangana 20626 19.09 26 Sirmour Rajgarh 20587 13.75 27 Chamba Bhatiyat 17616 16.68 28 Kullu Banjar 17255 14.94 29 Mandi Drang 15727 5.61 30 Solan Kandaghat 14996 10.08 31 Kangra Sulah 13220 4.34 32 Kangra Nagrota Bagwan 8395 2.75 Total 811376 36 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Scheduled Tribes in Rural Population under HP IP Project-2011 Census S No. District Block ST Population % age 1 Chamba Bhatiyat 33617 25.29 2 Solan Nalagarh 20467 85.01 3 Chamba Chamba 16474 12.40 4 Kangra Baijnath 12468 15.54 5 Kullu Naggar 8764 70.32 6 Sirmour Nahan 6467 59.25 7 Sirmour Paonta Sahib 4123 37.77 8 Mandi Drang 3627 29.35 9 Kangra Panchrukhi 3388 4.22 10 Kullu Kullu 3193 25.62 11 Solan Dharampur 2736 11.36 12 Bilaspur Jhanduta 2691 26.04 13 Kangra Nagrota Bagwan 2023 2.52 14 Kangra Sulah 1825 2.27 15 Mandi Balh 1806 14.61 16 Shimla Chaupal 1789 33.14 17 Kangra Dehra 1750 2.18 18 Bilaspur Ghumarwin 1204 11.65 19 Mandi Sundarnagar 1039 8.41 20 Una Bangana 864 10.22 21 Kangra Pragpur 857 1.07 22 Hamirpur Bhoranj 611 21.81 23 Solan Solan 395 1.64 24 Hamirpur Bijri 362 12.92 25 Una Una 247 2.92 26 Kullu Banjar 169 1.36 27 Sirmour Rajgarh 136 1.25 28 Solan Kandaghat 118 0.49 29 Sirmour Pachhad 96 0.88 30 Sirmour Sangrah 63 0.58 31 Shimla Theog 53 0.98 32 Mandi Seraj 11 0.09 Total 133433 37 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 Annex 5: Statistical Profile of Tribal Areas of Himachal Pradesh (2014-15) Annexure 5: Statistical Profile of Tribal Areas of Himachal Pradesh 2014-15 S. Item Year Tribal Areas H.P. No. Unit Kinna Laha Spit Pangi Bharmo Total Total ur ul i ur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Population No. 2011 84121 19 12 18868 3910 17366 686460 10 45 8 1 2 7 7 Male No. 2011 46249 9897 6691 9579 2010 92525 348187 9 3 Female No. 2011 37872 9210 5766 9289 1899 81136 338272 9 9 2 Scheduled No. 2011 48746 15 10 17016 3211 12358 39212 Tribes 16 54 6 5 6 3 4 3 Scheduled No. 2011 14750 1699 536 1246 4560 22791 172925 Caste 2 4 Geographi Sq.K 2011 6401 6250 7591 1595 1818 23655 5567 cal Areas m. 3 5 Density of No. 2011 13 3 2 12 22 7 123 Population per sq.km. area 6 Percentage %age 2011 57.95 79.36 84.6 90.18 82.1 71.16 5.71 of ST 4 2 population to total population 7 %age of SC %age 2011 17.53 8.89 4.30 6.60 11.6 13.12 25.19 population 6 to total population 38 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 8 Percentage %age 2011 12.43 3.87 2.69 4.34 8.19 31.52 of ST population to total tribal population 9 Decennial %age 2001 7.39 - 16.6 7.00 4.99 4.36 12.94 population - 15. 5 growth 2011 25 rate 10 Sex Ratio No. 201 819 916 862 969 945 877 972 of 1 fema Ce les nsu per s ‘000 male s Sex Ratio ,-do- " 1065 1021 1010 993 964 1018 999 (ST) Sex Ratio " 984 992 781 1029 944 974 973 (SC) Sex Ratio " 1045 1018 997 995 961 1011 978 (SC+ST) 11 Literacy: " a) Persons % " 80.00 86.97 79.7 71.02 73.8 77.10 82.80 6 5 b) Males % " 87.27 86.5 87.3 82.52 82.5 85.50 89.53 7 5 c) Females % " 70.96 64.50 70.7 59.27 64.6 67.41 75.93 4 7 12 No. Of No. " 19976 4091 2583 3952 8169 38771 148328 Househol 0 ds: 39 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 13 No. of " villages: a) Total No. 660 290 231 106 252 1539 2069 No. 0 b) No. " 241 185 82 60 96 664 1788 Inhabited 2 c) Un- No. " 419 92 149 46 156 862 2808 inhabited 14 No. of No. " - - . Towns a) Land 000 ' ownership Hect b) Forests " 38.580 137. 0.48 139.352 24.191 339.98 376 2 1 c) Barren and " 132.41 0.204 541. 1.316 0.52 675.57 uncultivab 9 109 9 7 le lands d) Land put to 117.89 1328 15. 0.192 3.12 1464.7 non- 2 529 1 34 agricultural " uses e) Permanent 322.04 60.24 151. 16.859 148.592 698.94 pasture and 7 208 6 " other Grazing Lands f) Land 0.101 65 0.04 0.348 0.20 65.701 under 6 6 misc. tree " crops and groves not included in area shown 40 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 g) Cultivable waste 3.311 170 0.39 0.108 0.53 174.35 " 6 8 3 h) Other fallow land 0.082 0.001 0.00 0.240 0.08 0.406 " 1 2 i) Current fallows 1.477 0.014 0.12 0.007 0.25 1.874 " 6 0 j) Net area sown 8.395 2.203 1.21 1.978 4.32 18.117 " 4 7 k) Area sown more 1.299 45 0 0.579 1.90 48.78 than once " 2 l) Total cropped area 9.694 2.203 1.21 2.557 6.22 21.897 " 4 9 15 Intensity of 115.47 100 100 129.27 143.96 120.86 cropping % .00 .00 16 Net irrigated Area 5.554 2.203 1.21 1.301 0.00 10.272 ‘000 Hect 4 0 17 Percentage of 57.29 100 100 50.88 0.00 46.91 cropped area .00 .00 % 18 Gross irrigated 4.943 2.2 1.23 0.045 0.680 9.101 area ‘000 Hect. 03 0 19 Percentage of 50.99 100. 101 1.76 10.92 41.56 gross % 00 .32 irrigation area to cropped area 20 Area under forests 509.26 613.6 399. 121.678 135.756 1779.9 (Forest 000 Hect. 1 91 600 86 Dept.) 21 Percentage of 27 to 79.55 98. 52.6 76.47 74.60 75.55 % 19 4 geographical area 41 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 22 Forest Produce: a) Major Produce i) Quantity Lots 937 37.81 975 ii) Value Rs in 5.64 27.66 33 Lakh 23 No. of Gram Nov 65 28 13 16 29 151 panchayats No. ., 2011 No. of Banking 24 " 38 15 4 2 11 70 Institutions No Banking " Institutions per 25 45 78 32 11 28 40 Lakh of population 26 a) Educational Institutions: I) Primary Units Nos. 30.3.1 190 134 69 66 126 585 5 ii) Middle Units Nos. 36 19 16 14 16 101 iii) High Schools Nos. 19 4 6 8 10 47 iv) Sr. Sec. School Nos. 31 18 9 6 11 75 v) Navodaya Nos. 1 1 - 0 2 Schools vi) Kendriya Nos. 1 1 0 0 2 Vidyalaya vii) Degree Nos. 1 1 1 1 4 Colleges viii) I.T.I 2 1 1 1 1 6 27 Medical Nos. institutions: i) Allopathy: a) Civil Hospital Nos. 2 1 - 0 - 3 42 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 b) PHCs Nos. 21 1 5 4 2 43 1 c) CHCs/Rural Nos. 4 2 1 1 2 10 Hospitals d) Civil Nos. - 0 0 Dispensaries e) Sub-Centres Nos. 33 2 10 16 19 104 6 28 Availability of Nos. 24 13 42 54 62 540 Beds in Hospitals: 6 6 29 Livestock Nos. 2012 1258 4179 19723 46194 145142 378703 population census 45 9 30 Of Sheep and Nos. 998 3256 11641 35001 123576 302623 Goats 36 9 31 Veterinary Institutions: i) Hospitals Nos. 20 9 5 5 8 47 ii) Dispensaries Nos. 40 2 18 15 19 117 5 iii) Mobile Nos. - 0 - - 0 Dispensaries iv)Sheep/wool Nos. 2 1 1 - 2 6 ext. centres 32 Electricity: Nos. i) Installed MW 20.1 4.50 2.000 1.500 8.865 37.004 Capacity 39 0 ii) Villages % 100 10 100% 100% 100 % Electrified % 0 33 Villages provided No. 100 19 100% 100 % piped water % 2 supply 34 Industrial Area No. 1 - 1 43 Government of Himachal Pradesh – Forest Department Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh ESS Plans –Final Report 26 December 2019 35 Industrial Estates Nos. 1 1 2 36 Industrial Units Nos. 52 31 1 7 10 859 9 2 37 Employment - No. 31.03.1 82 24 1262 12 6158 18105 of registrants as 4 02 71 per live register upto 31.03.14 38 Road Density Per '000' sq. km of 76.23 83. 74.2 161.65 248.35 96.60 area 84 6 39 Telecommunicatio n: A Post-offices/Sub- 85 27 26 14 26 178 Post Nos. Offices/Branch offices b) Telephone 28 7 7 3 5 50 Exchange Nos. 40 Average size of - 0.70 0.7 operational Hect. holding 41 Civil Supplies: a) Food/LPG 9 0 6 9 4 28 Godowns Nos. b) Storage 6100 0 1300 900 540 8840 Capacity MT c) Hired Godowns 7 - - 7 Nos. 44