WTP-459
        RUSSIAN


        Ukraine
     Review of farm
Restructuring experience




IF.ILE COPYI
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2.5.     OpramBau,HOHHbre <!JopMhi peoprami3oBaHHhiX X03HHCTB                                             16
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         (npoeKThi <iJHpMhi "PoHKo" H M<l>K)                                                              17
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         EpHTaHCKoro <lJOH.[(a "Hoy-Xay"                                                                  18
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         <lJHpMbl "POHKO"                                                                                 19
3 .1.    Pacnpe,ll,eJJeHHe xo3HHCTB no <!JopMaM opraH113aU,11H                                            21
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3 .3.    Cpe,ll,HI1e pmMephr X03HHCTB ,ll,JIH pa3JII1qHhiX rpynn npe,ll,np11HTHH                          23
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3.6.     KaK aKU,11oHepbi nocryni1JIH co CBOI1MI13eMeJihHhiMI1 naHMI1?                                    26
3.7.     <l>yHKU.HH u,eHTpaiihHOro pyKOBO.L\CTBa                                                          27
3.8.     He3aBI1CI1MOCTh no,ll,pa3.[(eJieHI1H                                                             27
3.9.     DpHqHHhi )l(eJJaHHH cTaTh qacTHhiM <!JepMepoM                                                    28
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         CeJibCKOX03HHCTBeHHOrO npe.[(npHHTHH?                                                            29
3 .11.   ApeH,[(a 3eMJIH qacTHhiMI1 <!JepMepaMH                                                           31
4.1.     CTpyKrypa 6anaHca peopraHI13oBaHHhiX X03HHCTB, B cpe.[(HeM 3a           1996-1998   rr.          33
4.2.     TeKyLQHe K03<lJ<lJI1u,l1eHThr:   1996-1998   rr.                                                 34
4.3.     CTpyKrypa Kpe,ll,HTopcKoH: 3a.[(OJI)I(eHHOCTH:     1996- 1998 rr.                                34
4.4.     K03<lJ<PHU.11eHThi o6opaq11saeMOCTH Kani1TaJia,      1997-1998 rr.                               35
4.5.     CqeT npH6hmeH: 11 y6hiTKOB peopraHI130BaHHhiX X03HHCTB                                           35
4.6.     I1pH6hiJihHOCTh B e,[(I1HHU,aX K03<lJ<lJ11U,I1eHTa peaiiH3all,HH                                 36
4.7.     CrpyKrypa 3aTpaT,     1997-1998    rr.                                                           37
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         ycnyr ,l],JIH ,l],OMailiHHX X03HHCTB                                                             39
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         npe,ll,npHHTI1HMH                                                                                40
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5.4.     CTpyKrypa ceMei1Horo ,ll,OXO,ll,a npH pa3JIHqHhiX ,l],onyi.QeHHHX                                42
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         npe,ll,npHHTHHMH H <!JepMepaMH                                                                   48
6.2.     CTpyKrypa noceBHhiX nnoi.Qa,ll,eH .[(JIH pa3HhiX KaTeropHH X03HHCTB                              48
6.3.     06beMhi npOH3BO,l],CTBa pa3HhiX KaTerop11H X03HHCTB                                              49
6.4.     I1pO.L\YKTI1BHOCTh B X03HHCTBaX pa3HhiX KaTeropHH                                                49
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         npe,ll,np11HTHH H qacTHhiX <!JepMepoB                                                            51
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         CeJibCKOX03HHCTBeHHbiX npe,ll,npmiTI1H                                                           59
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         HepeopraHI130BaHHhiX CeJibCKOX03HHCTBeHHhiX npe,ll,np11HTI1H                                     60
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                                             KpamKoe u3JlOJICeHue u 6bl600bl                                                           xix


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          coqeTaHHll       C KOMIIJieKCHOH rrporpaMMOH peCTPYKTYPH3aiiHll                                        CTapbiX ,ll;OJifOB ll
          peaJihHOH yrp030H rrpo!Ie.n;yp 6aHKpOTCTBa ,ll;JI5I X035IHCTB, He CIIOC06HbiX rroraCHTb
          HOBbie )J;OJirH);
     •    IJepeCMOTpy              ll       yrrpOIIIeHHIO               CJIO)I(HOH              o6peMeHHTeJibHOH              CHCTeMbi
          HaJIOf006JIO)I(eHH5I CeJibCKOfO X035IHCTBa;
     •    Pa3BHTHIO aJihTepHaTHBHhiX B03MO)I(HOCTeif 3aH5ITOCTH B ceJiocKoH: MeCTHOCTH ,ll;JI5I
          OCB060)1(,ll;eHHOH ll3           ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOfO ceKTOpa pa6oqeif CllJibi B KaqeCTBe
          rrpe,n;IIOCbiJIKH IIOBbiiiieHH5I rrpo,n;yKTHBHOCTH;
    •     Ee30TJiaraTeJihHOMY                pa3perneHHIO               TyrrnKosoH:               rrpo6JieMhi,          CB5I3aHHoH:      c
          o6cJiy)I(HBaHHeM ll pa3BllTHeM COI!llaJibHOH llH<lJpacTpyKTypbi Ha CeJie rrocpe,n;CTBOM
          Bbi.n;eJieHH5I He06XO,ll;HMbiX 6IO)J;)I(eTHbiX cpe,n;CTB MeCTHbiM BJiaCT5IM.


     ITpoeKThi      peopraHH3a!IHH            X035IHCTB,              peann3yeMI>Ie             Me)l(.n;yHapo.n;HhiMH       .n;oHopaMH,
6eccrrOpHO       5IBHJIHCb       Ba)I(HbiM     BKJia)J;OM         B    OKa3aHHe          YKpaHHe           TeXHHqecKOH       IIOMOIIIH:
yqaCTHHKH 3THX rrpoeKTOB HaMHOfO Jiyqiiie llH<lJOpMHpOBaHbi 0                                                BapHaHTaX Bbi6opa ll
HMeiOT ropa3,ll;O 60Jihiiie CTHMyJIOB ,ll;JI5I 3aiiiHTbi CBOHX rrpaB, qeM :>KHTeJIH CeJia B cpe,n;HeM.
0HH      HaKOITHJill     6oraTbiH         IIOJIO)I(HTeJibHbiH           OIIbiT     ll     ,ll;OCTaToqH)'IO       6a3y     3HaHHH      ,n;mi
,ll;aJibHeifrneH:   pa6oThi.        TeM      He    MeHee,             .n;oJirocpoqHbiH            ycrrex      3THX      HHHI!HaTHB       B
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOM                  CeKTOpe   ll       HX IIpH3HaHHe            B      MaCIIITa6ax        CTpaHhi 3aBHC5IT         OT
CTHMYJIHPYJOIIIeif        3KOHOMHqecKoH:               rroJIHTHKH         rro.n;.n;ep)I(KH        H       HHCTHTYI!HOHHOH       cpe.n;hi,
CIIOC06HOCTH          rrpaBHTeJibCTBa          Y KpaHHbi              ,ll;OBeCTH        ,ll;O    KOHI!a      HaqaToe       O)l(llBJieHHe
3KOHOMHKH, a TaK)I(e peaJihHOH pe<!JopMbi ll peopraHH3ai!Hll B ceKTOpe npO,ll;OBOJibCTBll5I ll
ceJibCKOfO X035IHCTBa.
                                                                   BBe~euue


          ITpo:u;ecc 3eMeJihHOil: pe¢opMhi n: peopraHII3a:u;n:n: X035IHCTB B YKpan:He o¢n::u;n:aJihHO
HaqaJIC5I B MapTe             1991   ro,n:a 3a IIIeCTb MeC5IIJ;eB ,Il;O ITpOB03rJiaiiieHH5I He3aBHCHMOCTH H
Bhixo,n:a YKpan:Hhi H3 cocTaBa CoBeTcKoro Coi03a. BceMn:pHhiil: 6aHK c caMoro Haqana
BHHMaTeJihHO cne,n:n:n 3a xo,n:oM 3eMeJihHOH pe¢opMhi B YKpan:He. B                                        1994     n:   1996    rr. 6niJIH
ITpOBe,n:eHhi ,Il;Ba KpyiTHbiX 06CJie,Il;OBaHH5I Ha ypoBHe X035IHCTB                                          C     IJ;eJiblO      OIJ;eHKII
                                                                       1
,n:ocTII)I(eHn:il: ITepexo,n:a ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHoro ceKTopa K pbiHKy .                                     XoT5I ITpe,n:hilJ:YIIJ;IIe
o6cJie,Il;OBaHII5I       OTMeqaJIII          HeKOTOpbiH          yciTeX    B    peaJIII3aiJ;IIII    ITOBeCTKII ,Il;H5I 3eMeJihHOH
pe¢opMbi II peopraHII3aiJ;IIH X035IHCTB, o6a OHM, II, B qacTHOCTII, IICCJie,Il;OBaHIIe                                            1996    r.,
5IpKO OCBeTIIJIII 06IIJ;ee 3aMe,n:JieHIIe ITpo:u;ecca peopraHII3all;IIII II Bhl5IBIIJIII KOHKpeTHhie
ITpii3HaKII       cTarHa:UIIII.          E,n:IIHCTBeHHhiM            KpyiTHhiM            ,n:ocTII)I(eHIIeM       cTana          ITepe,n:aqa
rocy,n:apCTBeHHOH 3eMJIII B KOJIJieKTIIBHYfO C06CTBeHHOCTh, HO ,Il;a)l(e 3TO MepOITpH5ITIIe
ocTaJIOCh He3aBepiiieHHhiM. ITo ITpoiiiecTBIIII IT5ITII neT 3eMeJihHhie ITaii ,Il;JI5I pa6oTHIIKOB
KOJIJieKTIIBHhiX          CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX                  ITpe,n:ITpii5ITHH       paciTpe,n:eJieHbi        MeHee         qeM     Ha
ITOJIOBIIHy, a BHyTpeHH5!5I pecTpyKTYPII3aiJ;II5I o¢II:UIIaJihHO peopraHII30BaHHhiX X035IHCTB
JIIIIIIh Haqanacb. ITo coo6meHII5IM pa6oTHIIKOB X035IHCTB, CIITya:u;II5I Ha IIX ITpe,n:ITpii5ITII5IX
ITocne peopraHII3a:u;n:n: 6oJibiiieil: qacThiO He II3MeHIIJiacb. B                                 oT,n:eJihHhiX cnyqMx, Kor,n:a
X035IHCTBa        peopraHH30BhiBaJIHCh                    B      6onee         MeJIKIIe     cTpyKTYPHhie            ITo,n:pa3,n:eneHII5I,
aBTOHOMII5I        HOBhiX        ITo,n:pa3,n:eneHIIH             6~>ma     Kpail:He        orpaHIIqeHHoil:          II    pyKoBo,n:cTBo
ITpe,n:ITpii5ITII5IMH, ¢aKTIIqecKII, ITpO,Il;OJI)I(aJIO OCyiiJ;eCTBJI5ITbC5I IJ;eHTpaJIII30BaHHO .


          .D:BYM5I       o6Ha,n:e)I(IIBaiOIIJ;IIMII          ITpii3HaKaMII         5IBIIJIIICb    B03paCTaHIIe           KOMMepqeCKOH
OpHeHTaiJ;IIII ITpn:yca,n:e6HbiX yqaCTKOB B KOJIJieKTIIBHhiX X035IHCTBaX II, B 60JibiiiiiHCTBe
CJiyqaeB, ITpii6hiJibHOCTb He3aBIICIIMhiX qaCTHbiX X035IHCTB, C03,Il;aHHbiX BHe KOJIJieKTIIBa.
TeM He MeHee, HecMoTp5I, B :u;enoM, Ha 6naroiTonyqHoe ITpo:u;BeTaHIIe qacTHhiX X035IHCTB,
pa60THIIKII CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX ITpe,n:ITpii5ITIIH He ITp05IBJI5IJIII 6oJibiiiOrO 3HTY3IIa3Ma B
BOITpOCaX BhiXO,Il;a II3 KOJIJieKTHBOB II C03,Il;aHII5I qaCTHbiX ¢epMepCKIIX X035IHCTB.                                                 0HII
ITpe,n:ITOqiiTaJIII OCTaBaThC5I B KOJIJieKTIIBaX, ITO Kpail:HeH Mepe, B TeqeHIIe HeOITpe,n:eJieHHOrO
BpeMeHH, XOT5I II 6hiJIH Kpail:He He,Il;OBOJibHhi ypOBHeM )l(li3HII II ,Il;OXO,Il;OM CBOIIX CeMeH. B
3TOM OTHOIIIeHHH, KpeCTb5IHe YKpaiiHbi He OTJIIIqaiOTC5I OT CBOIIX KOJIJier 3a py6e)I(OM,
II3BeCTHbiX KOHCepBaTII3MOM II He)l(eJiaHIIeM ITO,n:BepraTh ce65I HOBbiM piiCKaM.


          K     KOH:UY        ITepBoro        ,n:ec5ITIIJieTII5I    ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX                 pe¢opM         JIIIIIIh     15%
ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX                  yro,n:IIH:      B    YKpaiiHe             o6pa6aThiBaJIOCh         qacTHhiM             ceKTopoM
(ITpiiyca,n:e6Hbie         yqacTKII          II     ¢epMepcKIIe           X035IHCTBa).           HecMoTp5I     Ha        pa3Hoo6pa3IIe
opraHII3aiJ;IIOHHbiX ¢opM, IT05IBIIBIIIIIXC5I C                      1992       r., ITO COCT05IHIIIO Ha cerO,Il;H5I 60Jihiiia5I
qacTh ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHoro ceKTopa YKpaiiHhi ocTaeTcJI <iJaKTuqecKH B KonneKTHBHoii
co6cTBeHHOCTII. KpoMe Toro, poeT qacTHhiX ¢epMepcKn:x xo35IHCTB c                                           1994     r. cymecTBeHHo
3aMe,Il;JIIIJIC5I II IIX qiiCJIO, oqeBH,Il;HO, CTa6IIJIII3IIpOBaJIOCh, ITO MeHbiiieil: Mepe, BpeMeHHO Ha
ypoBHe        3 8 000.     Ha 3TH xo35IHCTBa ITpiixo,n:IITC5I                      2%   ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX yro,n:IIH: II
ITpn:MepHo TaKM )l(e qacTh ITpOII3BOll:CTBa ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHoil: ITpo,n:yK:UIIII. Pe3yn~>TaThi
HCCJie,n:oBaHIIH         Ha    MeCTaX             CBII,Il;eTeJibCTBYIOT        0    TOM,    qTO     ITpiiBaTII3aiJ;II5I      CeJibCKOrO


1
    Pe3ynbTaTbi 3THX o6cne,ZJ,oBamli1: o6cy)l(,ll,MHCb B xo,ZJ,e p51,ZJ,a KOHcpepeHI.J.IIH                                B r.    KIIeBe H
ony6nwKoBaHbi B ,ZJ,Byx ,ll;oKyMeHTax ,ZJ,JIJI o6cy)l(,ll,eHH5I BceMHpHoro 6aHKa Ha aHrnHHCKOM H
pyccKOM 5I3biKax: 3eMeJZbHaJI perjJopMa u peopzaHu3alfWl ceJZbCKoxo35lucm6eHHblX npeonpuRmuu 6
YKpauHe        (,ll;oKyMeHTbi     ,ZJ,JI5I    o6cy)l(,ll,eHH5I     BceMHpHoro           6aHKa      270    [aHrn.]    H     270R       [pyc.],
cooTBeTCTBeHHO, 3a            1994     H     1995     rr.) 11 3eMeJZbHaJI perjJopMa 6 YKpauHe: nep6ble nRmb JZem
(,lJ;oKyMeHTbl ,ZJ,JI5I o6cy)l(,ll,eHH5I BceMHpHOfO 6aHKa                  371     [aHrn.] H     371R    [pyc.], COOTBeTCTBeHHO, 3a
1997 H 1998       rr.)
2           YKpauua: o63op onbzma peopzauu3GlfUU cenbcKoxo3RucmeeuHblX npeonpuRmuu



X035!IfcTBa B     Y Kpmme     OTnl1~aJiaCb ITpOCTO ¢opMaJihHOH "cMeHOH BbiBeCKI1" 11 OTCYTCTBI1eM
KaKOH 6hi TO HH 6hin0 BHyTpeHHeH peopraHI13alll111, KOTOpa5I Morna 6bi ITp11BeCTI1 K
ITOBhiiiieHI1IO       3¢¢eKTI1BHOCTI1     11 ITepexo.[(y ceKTopa K          pbiHKy.        HoBbie    aK11110nepHbie
KOMITaHI111, KOMITaHI111 C orpaHI1~eHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO, KOnneKT11BHhie ITpe.[(ITp115ITI15! 11
cenhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhie              KooiTepaTI1Bhi     ITpO.[(On)J(aiOT     pa6oTaTh       ITO   TI1ITY   ITpe)J(H11X
KonneKTI1BHhiX X035IHCTB, coxpaHHH 3a co6o:il 6onhiiiYIO ~acTh ITepBoHa~aJihHhiX 3eMenb 11
TPY.lJ:OBhiX pecypcoB. l13MeHeHI15!, 3aTpoHyBIIII1e yKpa11HCKI1e X035IHCTBa, ITO-BI1.lJ:I1MOMy,
ITOBepXHOCTHbie,          ~TO     IT03BOn5IeT     OlleHI1BaTb        ITpOIIeCC    3eMenbHOH          pe¢opMbl       11
peopraHI13aiiHI1 X035IHCTB B            Y Kpa11He     KaK YTpaTI1BIIII1H TeMIIhl 11 BOIIIe,[(IIII1H B ¢a3Y
CTarHaii11H.


          TeM He MeHee, B cTpaHe cyllleCTBYIOT 30Hhi, op11eHT11poBaHHhie Ha                            113MeHeH115!:
O,[(HI1    113   HI1X         3TO     30Hhl    peaJII13alll111   ITporpaMM       peopraHI13alll111        X035IHCTB,
¢11HaHC11pOBaHI1e 11 pyKOBO,[(CTBO KOTOpbiMI1 OCyllleCTBn5IIOT Me)J(,[(yHapO,[(Hbie ,[(OHOpbi;
.[(pyrl1e - ITp05!BneHI1e yc11n11:il CHI13Y Ha OCHOBe ,[(06poBOnhHbiX MeCTHblX 11HI11111aTI1B, KOr,[(a
pyKOBO.lJ:I1Tenl1 X035IHCTB 11 MeCTHhie BnacTI1 coe,[(I1H5IIOT CBOI1 yc11n11H .[(nH ,[(OCTI1)J(eH115!
6onee rny6oKoii ITO.[(ni1HHO:il peopraHI13all1111 c uenbiO orpa)J(,[(eHI15! MecTHoro ceJihCKoro
HaceneHI15!       OT     He6naroiTp115ITHhiX      COII11aJihH0-3KOHOMI1~ecKI1X             ¢aKTopoB.      ITo3TOMy,
M11p0BOH 6aHK ITpe.[(ITp11H5In B ITOCne,[(HeM KBapTaJie              1998   r. HOBOe 11CCne,[(OBaHI1e C uenbiO
OlleHKI1     pa3H006pa3HbiX          11HI11111aTI1B   ITO   peopraHI13alll111     X035IHCTB      B    YKpa11He      11
cpaBHI1TenbHOrO aHaJI113a pa3ni1~HhiX yc11n11:il ITO peopraHI13a1111H cenbCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX
rrpe.[(ITp115ITI1H.    I1pe.[(ycMaTp11BaJIOCh     C03,[(aHI1e    peaJII1CTI1~Ho:il     KapT11Hhi     ,[(OCTI1)J(eH11H,
OlleHKa pe3ynhTaTOB, 113~eHI1e ,[(aJihHeHIII11X ITOTeH1111aJihHhiX C06biTI1H B 3TOH o6naCTI1 11
ocBellleHI1e      Ba)J(HhiX     rrpo6neM.     HacTOHIIIee     11ccne,[(OBaHI1e    ITnaH11pOBaJIOCh        c   uenbiO
COCpe,[(OTO~eHI15!        BH11MaHI15!    Ha    113MeHeHI15IX     B    X035IHCTBaX      B    pe3ynhTaTe        CKOpee
ueneHaiTpaBneHHoro            rrpouecca     peopraHI13alll111    X035IHCTB,      ~eM   cpe,[(HeCTaT11CTH~ecKux
IIOKa3aTene:ii ITO CTpaHe, KaK 3TO ,[(enaJIOCb B ITpe,[(bi.[(YIII11X 11CCne,[(OBaHI15IX.
                                           1.    lia1a peopraHH33U:HH X03HHCTB B YKpanHe


       ,ll;o     1991        r.    CeJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiH                             CeKTOp       COCT05IJI     II3    KOIIX030B        II      COBX030B
(KOJIIIeKTIIBHhiX                 II       rocy,n:apCTBeHHbiX                 X035IHCTB).           PeriiCTpaUII5I          6biBIIIIIX    KOIIX030B          II
COBX030B B BII,ZJ;e O)l;HOH II3 HOBbiX oqmUIIaJibHO npii3HaHHhiX opraHII3aUIIOHHhiX cpopM
5IBJI5IeTC5I          npe,n:nOCbiiiKOH                 )l;JI5I   nepe,n:aqii           rocy,n:apcTBeHHOH          C06CTBeHHOCTII                 Ha    3eMJIIO
pa6oTHIIKaM cerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX npe,n:npii5ITIIH. ITo cymecTBy, Bee                                                              16 000       KpynHhiX
KorrrreKTIIBHhiX npe,n:npii5ITIIH B YKpaiiHe 3aperiicTpiipOBaJIIICh B cooTBeTCTBIIII c HOBhiMII
3aKoHaMII II, TaKIIM o6pa3oM, norryqiirrii npaBo Ha Brra,n:eHIIe 3eMrreil:. O,n:HaKo, IICXO,ZJ;5I II3
cpyH,n:aMeHTaJihHhiX                       C006pa)KeHIIH,               3TOT       nepBbiH          3Tan    npe,n:CTaBJI5IeT         C060H        npOCTYJO
"cMeHy BbiBeCKII", n03TOMY X035IHCTBaM Heo6XO)l;IIMO ocymeCTBIITh no Kpail:HeH Mepe ,ZJ;Ba
,ZJ;OnOIIHIITeJibHhiX                   3Tana:            pacnpe,n:eiiiiTb               cpe,n:II     pa60THIIKOB            3eMJIIO        II        aKTIIBhi,
npiiBaTII3IIpOBaHHbie KOJIJieKTIIBOM CHaqarra B cpopMe cepTIIcpiiKaTOB Ha npaBO BJia,n:eHII5I
3eMIIeH          II    IIMyiiieCTBOM                   (TaK      Ha3hiBaeMhiX                3eMeiihHhiX          II    IIMyiiieCTBeHHbiX               naeB);
o6ecneqiiTh B03MO)KHOCTb HOBbiM aKUIIOHepaM neperpynniipOBaTh CBOII naii B MeHhiiiiie
cpyHKUIIOHaJihHbie                     CTpyKTyphi,               KOTOpbie          B    60IIhiiieH     CTeneHII         OTBeqaiOT Tpe6oBaHII5IM
pbiHKa, qeM Tpa,ZJ;IIUIIOHHhie KOIIIIeKTIIBhl. .6orree no,n:p06HyiO IIHcpOpMaUIIIO 0 npoue,n:ypax
peopraHII3al1IIII X035IHCTB CMOTpii B CHOCKe                                           1 Ha CTp. 1.

       3aKOHO,ZJ;aTeJihHa5I 6a3a cymecTBeHHOH peopraHII3a1IIIII X035IHCTB cymecTByeT C                                                                  1992-
1993           rr.    II,    crre,n:oBaTeiihHO,                  B5IIIhie         o6miie     TeMnhi        npo,n:BII)KeHII5I         He   o65I3aTeiibHO
onpe,n:err5IIOTC5I                o6neKTIIBHhiMII                  BHeiiiHIIMII           npen5ITCTBII5IMII.            Hao6opoT,           OHII        MoryT
06n5ICH5IThC5I OTCYTCTBIIeM ynpaBJieHqecKOrO OnhiTa II npoqiiX noBe,ZJ;eHqeCKIIX cpaKTOpOB,
CB5I3aHHbiX C BHyTpeHHIIMII ycrrOBII5IMII ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX npe,n:npii5ITIIH II periiOHOB.
,ll;II5I       peiiieHII5I         3TIIX             npo6rreM           p5I,ZJ;     Me)K)l;yHapO,ZJ;HhiX          ,ZJ;OHOpOB,         B   TOM           qiicJie
Me)K,n:yHapo,n:Hoil: <l>IIHaHCOBOH KopnopaUIIII (M<l>K), AMP ClllA, .6piiTaHCKIIil: cpoH,n:
"Hoy-Xay" II np. Haqarrii npoeKThi peopraHII3al1IIII X035IHCTB, npecrre,n:y5I ,n:Be uerrii: (a)
,n:eMOHcTpaUIIIO pyKoBO,ZJ;IITeii5IM X035IHCTB II MeCTHhiM BrracT5IM 3HaqiiMOCTII npoue.n:yp,
CB5I3aHHhiX             C    peopraHII3aUIIeH;                     II    (6)       COBepiiieHCTBOBaHIIe                MO,ZJ;eJieH    peopraHII3aUIIII
X035IHCTB, npiirO,ZJ;HhiX ,ZJ;II5I )l;aJihHeHIIIero BHe,n:peHII5I B MaCIIITa6ax CTpaHbl.


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"PoHKo"/AMP ClllA. O,n:HaKo, oueHIIBa5I 3TY Bneqam5IIOIIIYIO UIIcppy c ToqKII 3peHII5I
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CBII,ZJ;eTeJibCTBYJOT                  0        TOM,      qTo      KpOMe           X035IHCTB,         yqaCTBYJOIIIIIX          B     Me)K,ZJ;yHapo,ZJ;HhiX
,ZJ;OHOpCKIIX           npoeKTaX,                B     Ka)K)l;OH        o6rraCTII         HaCqiiTbiBaeTC5I         IIO      KpaHHeH       Mepe          10-20
CeJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX npe,n:npii5ITIIH, KOTOpbie Bblpa3IIIIII HaMepeHIIe peopraHII30BaTb
CBOIO ,ZJ;e5ITeJibHOCTb B COOTBeTCTBIIII C HOBbiMII HanpaBIIeHII5IMII ,ZJ;e5ITeJibHOCTII. ITo HaiiiiiM
no,n:cqeTaM, OKOIIO                    500       ,n:o6pOBOIIbHO peopraHII30BaHHbiX X035IHCTB B YKpaiiHe npiiH5IIIII
peiiieHIIe 0            peopraHII3aUIIII 6e3 pyKOBO)l;CTBa II nOMOIIIII Me)K,ZJ;yHapo,ZJ;HhiX ,ZJ;OHOpCKIIX
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pa3H006pa3Hhle BHyTpeHHIIe Meponpii5ITII5I no peopraHII3aUIIII.
4                   YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHu3a!Juu cenbCKOX035lucm6eHHblX npeonpU5lmuii




           HacT05IIII,ee       nccrre,IJ,osamre       oxsaTnrro      86    u:erreHanpasrreHHO          peopraHII3oBaHHhiX
X035IHCTB B          12   o6rraCT5IX. l13 HIIX,       35    6biJIII yqaCTHIIKaMII Me)K,IJ,yHapO,Il,HhiX ,Il,OHOpCKIIX
npoeKTOB no peopraHII3aiJ;IIII ( OKOJIO                    5%     X035IHCTB, yqaCTBYIOIII,IIX B npoeKTaX) II, no
MHeHIIIO MeCTHhiX 3KCnepTOB,                     51   X035IHCTBO BhiCTyniiJIO niiOHepaMII peopraHII3aiJ;IIII B
CBOIIX      o6rraCT5IX,       BhiH,I1,5l   3a    paMKII     cpopMaJihHOH         periiCTpan;IIII      B   KaqecTBe        HOBhiX
ocpiiU:llaJihHhiX         cpopM    (no      nO,IJ,cqeTaM,       OKOJIO    10%     ,IJ,06pOBOJihHO      peopraHII30BaHHhiX
X035IHCTB).      B Ta6mm,e 1.1             npe,IJ,cTasrreHa CTpyKTypa Bhi6opKII II pacnpe,IJ,erreHne X035IHCTB
Ha OCHOBe CTpaTeriiii peopraHII3aiJ;IIII. KpoMe peopraHII30BaHHhiX X035IHCTB Mhl TaK)Ke
IICCJie,IJ,OBaJIII ,IJ,eB5ITh X035IHCTB, KOTOphie, On5ITh-TaKII no MHeHIIIO MeCTHhiX 3KCnepTOB, He
ocymecTBIIJIII pa,IJ,IIKaJihHyiO                 BHyTpeHHIOIO peopraHII3aU:IIIO n               He BhiiiiJIII 3a npe,IJ,errhr
cpopMaJihHOfO             ll3MeHCHII5l     CBOero     IOpii,IJ,IIqeCKOfO     CTaTyca.         3TH    HepeopraHII30BaHHhie
X035IHCTBa Haxo,IJ,IIJIIICh B Tex )Ke paiioHax, qTo II peopraHII3oBaHHhie. TaKIIM o6pa30M, Mhr
IIMeJIII B03MO)KHOCTh (XOT5l II ,Il,OCTaTOqHO orpaHnqeHHYIO) ,IJ,JI5l cpaBHIITeJihHOfO aHaJIII3a
peopraHII30BaHHhiX II HepeopraHII30BaHHhiX X035IHCTB.


Ta6mm,a 1.1.             CTpyKTypa Bhr6opKn: KorruqecTBO X035IHCTB B pa3pe3e o6rracTeii II cTpaTernn
                                                       peopraHII3an;nn
            06nacTh                  Xo3HikTB             ITpoeKT peopramna!IIHI xo3HHCTB                   ,[(o6pOBOJlhHaH
                                     B Bbi60pKe           AMP             M<t>K        EprnaHCKIIH          peopraHII3a!Imi
                                                          CiliA                        <PoH,n: "Hoy-
                                                                                              Xay"
    1. flhBOBCKaH                           11              2               --                 --                  9
    2. ,[(oHei!KaH                          10              --              3                  --                  7
    3. ,[(HenponeTpOBCKaH                   9               --              --                 --                  9
 4. fiOJITaBCKaH                           12               3               --                 --                  9
    5. CyMcKaH                             10               2               --                 --                  8
    6. XepcoHcKaH                           8               1               --                 --                  7
    7. )l{IfTOMIIpCKaH                      2               --              --                 --                  2
    8. O,n:eccKaH                           7               --              --                 7                   --
 9. TepHonoJihCKaH                          4               4               --                 --                  --
    10. KIIposorpa,n:cKaH                   7               7               --                 --                  --
    11. HIIKOJiaescKaH                      1               1               --                 --                  --
    12. qepHOBIII!KaH                       5               --              5                  --                  ....
 Bcero                                     86               20              8                  7                   51

           CTaH,IJ,apTHhre          cpopMhi        opraHII3an;nn          X035IHCTB       B     YKpanHe         oxsaThiBaiOT
KOJIJieKTIIBHhie CeJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhie npe,IJ,npii5ITII5l (KCIJ -                           np5IMhie npasonpeeMHIIKII
COBeTCKIIX           KOJIX030B ),          aKI!IIOHepHhie         KOMnaHIIII       (KaK        npaBIIJIO,     3aKpbiT1Ie       C
Hepa3peiiieHHbiMII K npo,Il,a)Ke aKIJ;ll5IMII), KOMnaHIIII C orpaHnqeHHOH OTBCTCTBeHHOCTbiO,
KOMnaHIIII C HeorpaHnqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTbiO, CeJibCKOX035IHCTBCHHbie KOOnepaTIIBbi,
qacTHbre npe,I1,npii5ITII5l II qacTHbie cpepMepcKIIe X035IHCTBa. I1pnyca,IJ,e6Hbre yqaCTKII He
BKJIIOqeHbl          B     3TY     KJiaCCIIcpiiKaiJ;IIIO,        nOCKOJibKY       He      5IBJI5IIOTC5l     cpyHKU:IIOHaJibHO
He3aBIICIIMbiMII CTpyKTypaMII: npnyca,IJ,e6HbiC yqaCTKII cylll,eCTByiOT Jlllllib B npe,IJ,errax
6orree KpynHbiX CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX CTpyKTyp II He IIMeiOT He3aBIICIIMOrO npaBOBOfO
cTaTyca.     Ta6nuu,a 1.2           CYMMIIpyeT OCHOBH1Ie ocpnu:narrbHbie xapaKTepncTIIKII pa:mnqHbiX
opraHII3aiJ;IIOHHbiX cpopM.
                                       1. Em a peopzaHU3GlJUU X035lUCm6 6 YKpawte                                                    5


           HH.ZUfBIT.JJ:YaJihHbie X035IHCTBa, cyiiieCTB)'IOIIIITe B KaqecTBe cpyHKI(ITOHaJihHO
He3aBrrcrrMhiX CTPYKTYP 3a rrpe)l;eJiaMrr KpyrrHhiX cenhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe.JJ:rrprr5!Trrll:,
IIO)l;pa3)l;eJI5IIOTC5! Ha )l;Be KaTeroprrrr: 3aperrrcTprrpoBaHHbie llH)l;HBll.JJ:YaJibHbie X035IHCTBa
OTHOC5ITC5!    K    KaTeroprrrr llH)l;llBll.JJ:YaJibHbiX rrpe.JJ:IIpll5ITHH, TOr)l;a KaK
He3aperrrcTprrpoBaHHbie - K KaTeroprrrr qacTHhiX X035IHCTB. PerrrCTpaurr5I 5IBJI5IeTc5I
e)l;HHCTBeHHbiM pa3rpaHrrqeHITeM Me)K.JJ:Y 3THMH .JJ:BYM5I cpopMaMrr: yrrpaBJieHrre o6errMH
cpopMaMrr OCYIIIeCTBJI5IeT BJia)l;eneu rrnrr ceMh5I BJia)l;eJibi(a, B03MO)I(HO c HeKoTopbrM
rrcrroJib30BaHrreM HaeMHoro TPY.JJ:a rr apeH.JJ:OBaHHhiX pecypcoB. TeM He MeHee, qacTHhie
rrpe.JJ:IIpll5ITH5! OcpHI(llaJibHO perrrcTprrpyiOTC5I B KaqeCTBe IOpll)l;HqecKITX JIHI(, ITMeiOIIIHX
HarrMeHoBaHrre, rreqaTh rr cqeT B 6aHKe. TepMrrH "qacTHoe X035IHCTBo" rrcrronh3yeTc5I .JJ:JI5I
y.JJ:o6cTBa      o6o3HaqeHIT5I         Tex     qacTHhiX        IOprr.JJ:rrqecKrrx    nrru,        KOTophre         He     5IBJI5IIOTC5I
ocprrurra.rrhHO 3aperrrCTprrpoBaHHhiMIT rr, TaKrrM o6pa30M, paccMaTprrBaiOTC5I B KaqecTBe
"cprr3rrqecKrrx nrru".


                            Ta6mm;a 1.2 XapaKTeprrcTrrKrr cpopM opraHrr3ai(rrrr


 •      AKQnonepnast                KOMnanust:      X035IHCTBeHHa5l        e)J,HHHIIa,        co3)J,aHHa5l     HHBecTopaMH
        ( qm3rrqecKHMlf HJllf IOpH.Il,HqecKHMH JIHI..(aMH), KOTOpbre npHo6peTalOT aKIIHH KOMnaHHH
        nocpe.ll,CTBOM BJIO)I(eHH5l cpe.ll,CTB HJIH HMyiiieCTBa B aKIIHOHepHbiH KanHTaJI. AKIIHOHep,
        )l(eJialOI.l.(HH BbiHTlf lf3 aKIIHOHepHOH KOMnaHHlf, )J,OJI)I(eH HaHTH noKynaTeJI5l CBOeH
        aKIIHH. KoMnaHH5l He HeceT o651.3aTeJibCTB no BbiKyny aKIIHH 3a HaJIHqHhre cpe.ll,CTBa
        lfJilf   aKTlfBbi   B   HarypaJibHOM        Bbipa)l(eHHH.      0651.3aTeJibCTBa         aKIIHOHepa         no   )J,OJiraM
        KOMnamm orpaHHqlfBalOTC5l HHBeCTHIIlf5IMH B aKI..(lfOHepHbiH KanHTaJI. ITpaBO ronoca
        nponopiiHOHaJihHO             qlfcny     aKIIHH,    KOTOpbiMH        BJia)J,eeT       aKIIHOHep.       B    3aKpbiTOH
        aKIIHOHepHOH            KOMnaHHH         nepe.ll,aqa     aKIIHH      ocyli..(eCTBJI5leTC5l        TOJlhKO        Me)I()J,y
        aKIIHOHepaMH.           B    OTKphiTOH aKIIHOHepHoi1 KOMnaHHH aKIIHH MoryT npHo6peTaTbC5l
        BHeliiHHMlf aKI..(HOHepaMH.


 •      KOMDaHHSI C orpaHU'IeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO: nO)J,06Ha aKIIHOHepHOH KOMnaHHH,
        3a lfCKJIIOqeHrreM npaBHJI BhiXO)J,a aKIIHOHepa lf3 KOMnaHHH, KOr)J,a .ll,pyme aKI..(HOHepbl
        BbiKynaiOT ero )J,OJIIO lfHBeCTHIIHH 3a HaJIHqHbie.


 •      TosapuiQecTso:                qneHhi      TOBapHIIIecTBa           HecyT      nonHyiO             HeorpaHHqeHHYIO
        OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh no o6H3aTeJihCTBaM, B35l.TbiM Ha ce65l TOBapHIIIeCTBOM.                                     B    cnyqae
        lf3b5IBJieHH5l )l(eJiaHHH qJieHOM TOBapHII.(eCTBa BbiHTH lf3 Hero, TOBapHIIIeCTBO,                                   KaK
        npaBHJJO, pacnycKaeTC5l H aKTHBhi pacnpe)J,eJJ5llOTCR B HaTypaJibHOM Bbipa)l(eHHH cpe)J,H
        ero qneHoB. ITpaso ronoca nponopiiHOHaJihHO cyMMe HHBeCTHIIHH Ka)I()J,Oro napTHepa.


 •      CeJihCKOX03HHCTBeHHhlii                  KoonepaTus:             )J,o6poBOJibHa5l         accoiiHaiiH51.         qneHOB
        ( cpH3lfqecKHX HJIH IOpH)J,HqecKHX JIHII), C03)J,aHHa5l C IIeJiblO OCyli..(eCTBJieHH5l 06brqHOH
        CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOH               )J,e5l.TeJibHOCTH    (npOH3BO)J,CTBeHHOH            llJilf   npe.n:ocTaBJieHHe
        ycnyr).      Ka)I()J,biH      qneH     KOOnepaTHBa        BHOCHT      B3HOC       B    aKIIHOHepHbiH            KanHTaJI
        KoonepaTHBa         B       cpopMe   .n:eHer,   3eMJJH    HJJH    aKTHBOB.        ITpaso     co6cTBeHHOCTH            Ha
        BHeCeHHblH KaiiHTaJI nepeXO)J,lfT K KOOnepaTHBY KaK B aKIIHOHepHOH KOMnaHHH.                                           B
        CJiyqae BhiXO)J,a qJieHbi KOOIIepaTHBa nonyqaiOT CBOIO )J,OJllO lfHBeCTlfiiHH B )J,eHe)I(HOM
        lfJilf HarypanbHOM Bbipa)l(eHHlf B COOTBeTCTBlflf C Tpe6oBaHH51.Mlf ycTaBa KOOnepaTHBa.
        qJieHbi KOOnepaTHBa HeCyT HeorpaHlfqeHeyiO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb no 065I3aTeJibCTBaM
        KoonepaTHBa. ITpaso ronoca "o.ll,HH qenoseK -                       O.ll,HH ronoc" He nponopiiHOHaJibHO
        lfHBeCTHpOBaHHOMY KanHTaJiy.



 •     KoJIJieKTHBHoe                  CeJihCKOX03SIHCTBeHHOe                 npe~npnstTue:                  pa3HOBlf)J,HOCTh
        CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOrO                 npOH3BO)J,CTBeHHOrO            KoonepaTHBa.               KaK       npaBHJIO,
6              YKpawta: o63op onblma peopzaHu3aJ1uu ceflbCKoxo3Rucm6eHHblX npeonpURmuu



        npasonpeeMHIIK 6biBlllero KOJ1X03a IIJlii COBX03a C npaBOM C06CTBeHHOCTII Ha 3eMJIIO II
        aKTIIBhi,     nepe)J,aHHbie      pa6oTHIIKaM         npe)J,npmnmr           rocy)J,apcTBOM.        BhiXOA   qneHoB
        KoonepaTIIBa c 3eMnei1 II aKTIIBaMII KaK npaBIIJIO Tpe6yeT comacmr o6mero co6paHmL


    •   KpecThHHCKoe xoJHHCTBO: IOpiiAIIlfeCKoe JIIIIJ,O, C03)J,aHHoe ceMbeH IIJIII rpynnoi1
        CeMeH Ha OCHOBe HaXO)J,51meHC51 B COBMeCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTII 3eMJlii II aKTIIBOB.
        ,[(onycKaeTC51 IICTIOJlb30BaHIIe KpeCTb51HCKIIMII X0351HCTBaMII rJiaBHhlM o6pa30M TpyD,a
        lfJleHOB CeMbii II pecypcOB B C06CTBeHHOCTII CeMhii, XOT51 B03MO)I(H0 IICTIOJlh30BaHIIe B
        pa3yMHhiX npe)J,enax HaeMHoro TpyD,a II apeH)J,OBaHHhiX pecypcos.                                   KpecTh»HCKIIe
        X0351HCTBa MOryT periiCTpiipOBaTbC51 B KalfeCTBe IOpii)J,IIlfeCKIIX Jliill, (B 3TOM CJiyqae OHII
        II3BeCTHbl KaK qacTHble IIJlii HH,lJ,HBH,lJ,yaJibHhle npe,l1,DpHHTHH) IIJlii pa6oTaTb B
        KalfeCTBe He3aperiiCTpiipOBaHHhiX <lJII3IIlfeCKIIX Jliill, (qacTHbie X03HHCTBa).


 •      liH,lJ,HBH,lJ,yaJibHOe                             apeu)J.uoe
        opraHII3aiJ,IIOHHa51 e)J,IIHIIIJ,a, KaK npaBIIJlO, KpynHOe lfaCTHOe npe)J,Tipii51TIIe, C03)J,aHHOe
        O)J,HIIM    aKIJ,IIOHepoM       CO    3HalfiiTeJlhHOH     qaCTblO       pecypcOB,     apeH)J,OBaHHhiX       II3BHe.
        06hi4HO        C03JJ,aeTC51,     KOrJJ,a    pa60THIIK       npeD,llpii51TII51     apeH)J,yeT        3eMeJlbHhie   II
        IIMymeCTBeHHbie          naii        60JlblllOrO   KOJliilfeCTBa    6hiBllliiX      lfJleHOB       KOJIJleKTIIBHOrO
        xo351HCTBa Ha cene.


 •      KpeCTbHHCKHii          co103:        CenhCKOX0351HCTBeHHoe          o6be)J,IIHeHIIe      B    u,enoM    no)J,o6Hoe
        KOJIJleKTIIBHOMY CeJlbCKOX0351HCTBeHHOMY npe)J,npii51TIIIO IIJlii CeJibCKOX0351HCTBeHHOMY
        KOOnepaTIIBy. rnaBHbiM o6pa30M II3BeCTHO B 3ana)J,HbiX o6JlaCT51X YKpaiiHbl.


 •      3eMeJibHaH KOMDaHHH, HMyW:eCTBeHHaH KOMDaHUH:                                   llpiiH51TOe COKpameHIIe )J,Jl51
        )J,Byx opraHII3aU,IIOHHbiX <lJopM TIO npOeKry cjmpMbl "KapriiJIJI"/opiiTaHCKOrO <DOH)J,a
        "Hoy-Xay": 3eMeJlbHa5l KOMTiaHII51 - 3TO IOpii)J,IIlfeCKOe JliiiJ,O, KOTOpoe KOHTpOI1IIpyeT
        BCIO       nepBOHalfaJihHYIO           3eMeJlbHYIO      co6CTBeHHOCTb           MaTepiiHCKOrO          X0351HCTBa;
        IIMymecTBeHHa51 KOMTiaHII51 - O)J,Ha II3 HeCKOJlhKIIX aKIJ,IIOHepHbiX KOMTiaHIIH, KOTOpbie
        BJla)J,eiOT BCeMII      nepBOHalfaJibHblMII          aKTIIBaMII II apeH)J,YIOT 3eMJIIO y               3eMeJlbHOH
        KOMTiaHIIII.    IOpiiD,IIlfecKII opraHII30BaHhi            B KalfeCTBe         KOMnaHIIH       c    orpaHIIlfeHHOH
        OTBeTCTBeHHOCTbiO.




        3TO TepMHHOJIOrH4eCKOe pa3rpaHII4eHIIe 6hiJ10 BBe.JJ,eHO B CB5l3li C 3aKOHOM                                           "0
KpeCTh51HCKOM (<l.JepMepCKOM) X0351HCTBe" OT                      1993   r., KOTOpbiH ll03BOJI51eT pemcTpHpOBaTb
KpeCTb51HCKOe X035IHCTBO B Ka4eCTBe IOpH)J,Hl.feCKOfO JIHIJ,a, HO He .JJ,erraeT perHCTpau;HIO
06513aTeJibHOH, TOr.JJ,a KaK 3aKOH 0 npe.D,npH51TH51X H npe)J,npHHHMaTeJibCKOH .JJ,eJITeJibHOCTH
OTKpbiTO pa3pernaeT npe.D,llpHHHMaTeJIJIM pa60TaTb                              B   Kal.feCTBe   <lJH3H4eCKHX JIHU,            6e3
perncTpau;nn.         He3aperncTpnposaHHbie                  qacTHhie       ¢epMepbi          He       ocso6mK)J,aiOTC51         B
3aKOHO.JJ,aTeJibHOM         nop51.D,Ke         OT      JII06hiX    HaJIOrOB,           KOTOpbie        06513aHbl      TIJiaTHTh
3aperncTpnposaHHhie ¢epMephi n                      npoqne ropn.unqecKHe nnu;a.                  0)J,HaKo, Ha npaKTHKe,
He3aperHCTpHpOBaHHble <l.JepMepbi C4HTaiOT, 4TO HM rrerqe H36e)l{aTb HaJIOf006JIO)I{eHH51 H
nposepoK.      B     pe3yJil>TaTe,      6orrl>IIIaJI    qacTb     qacTHhiX          ¢epMepcKHX         X0351HCTB     ocTaeTcJI
He3aperHCTpHpOBaHHhiMH                 tPH3H4eCKHMH           JIHIJ;aMH     H       3aCJIY)I{HBaiOT        OTHeCeHHJI     HX     K
OT,UeJihHOH KaTeropnn B Krraccn<PnKau;nn ceJibCKOX0351HCTBeHHbiX CTPYKTyp.


        Xo3JIHCTBa scex opraHH3aUHOHHhiX <PopM MoryT apeH.uosaTh 3eMJIIO H aKTHBhi B
.uorrorrHeHHe K pecypcaM, KOTOpl>Ie Haxo,UJITCJI B nx qacTHOH co6cTBeHHOCTH. ITpe.urrpHJITHJI
BCeX opraHH3aiJ;HOHHhiX tPOPM HMeiOT ,UBa OCHOBHbiX HCT04HHKa 3eMJIH H aKTHBOB. J1epBbiH
HCT04HHK o6ecne4HBaeTC51 3eMeJibHhlMH H HMyiiieCTBeHHbiMH llaJIMH, HHBeCTHpOBaHHhiMH
qaCTHhiMH JIHI!aMH B aKIJ;HOHepHbiH KaTIHTaJI npe.urrpH51TH51. l1HBeCTHpy51 CBOH 3eMeJ£bHhie H
HMyiiieCTBeHHhle nan B aKIJ;HOHepHbiH KaTIHTaJI, tPH3H4eCKHe JIHIJ;a 06MeHHBaiOT CBOe rrpaBO
                                  1.    Ema peopzaHU3GlJUU X03Rucma a YKpauHe                                     7


C06CTBeHHOCTH Ha 3TH aKTHBbi Ha o6errraHHbiH IIOTOK .IJ:HBH,n:eH,I:(OB 3a cqeT IIpH6biJieH
IIpe,n:rrpmiTH5I.     BTOpOH     HCTOqHHK         COCTOHT   H3      3eMeJibHbiX     H   HMyrrreCTBeHHbiX    rraeB,
KOTOphre qacTHbie rrmra c,n:aiOT B apeH,n:y rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHIO Ha orrpe,n:erreHHbrH: cpoK B3aMeH Ha
,n:orOBOpHYfO apeH.IJ:HYIO IIJiaTy. B         KOHIIe cpoKa apeH.IJ:bi pa60THHK MO)l{eT rrepecMOTpeTb
YCJIOBH5I apeH.IJ:bi, IIpHH5IB peiiieHHe 06 HHOM HCIIOJib30BaHHH aKTHBOB.


          TaK Ha3hiBaeMoe "qacTHoe apeH,n:Hoe rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHe" 5IBJI5IeTc5I opraHH3aiiHOHHoH:
cpopMOH, qacTO YIIOMHHaeMOH B KOHTeKCTe YKpaHHbi. 0Ha He 5IBJI5IeTC5I ocpHIIHaJibHO
IIpH3HaHHOH cpopMOH, O.IJ:HaKO KaK rrpaBHJIO 03HaqaeT 3apemcTpHpOBaHHOe X035IHCTBO,
yrrpaBJI5IeMOe        BJia,n:eJihiieM     ("HH.IJ:HBH.IJ:YaJibHOe       rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHe"),   KOTOpOe      KpOMe
C06CTBeHHOH           3eMJIH    BJia,n:eJibiia,    HCIIOJib3yeT       3HaqH:TeJibHOe       KOJIHqecTBO     3eMJIH,
apeH.IJ:OBaHHoe        y   rrpoqHx       cerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX             aKIIHOHepoB.     MH,n:HBH,n:yarrhHoe
rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHe HecpopMaJibHO Ha3biBaiOT "qacTHOM apeH,n:HbiM rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHeM" B crryqae,
Kor.n:a   X035IHCTBO       apeH,n:yeT      3HaqHTeJihHbre        rrrrorrra,n:H   3eMrrH.   lJacTHbre   apeH.IJ:Hbre
rrpe.n:rrpH5ITH5I -   HHTepecHM oco6eHHOCTh peopraHH3aiiHH X035IHCTB B YKpaHHe, KOTopa5I
He qacTo BCTpeqaeTc5I B .n:pyrHx CTpaHax 6biBIIIero CoBeTcKoro Coi03a.
      2.    flpoeKThl peopraHU3aD;HH ceJihCKOX03HlfcTBeHHhiX npei:t;IIpHHTHH, ynpaBJieHHe
                         KOTOphiMH OCyllleCTBJIHIOT Mem;J.yHapOi:t;Hhie )J;OHOphl


       B    ITpoeKTax peopramnau;mr cenbCKOX03~iicTBeHHhiX ITPCJl:ITPI:I~TI:Ill: B YKpai:IHe HbiHe
aKTI:IBHO ~acTBJ'IOT Tpi:I MC)I(Jl:yHapo;:J;Hhre opraHI:I3aU:I:II:I: M<l>K, AMP CIIIA I:I EpHTaHCKI:Ill:
<PoH;:J; "Hoy-Xay". AMP CIIIA I:I EpHTaHcKI:Ill: <PoH;:J; "Hoy-Xay" ITO cymecTBy ~BJI~IOTc~
<l>HHaHCOBbiMI:I      )l;OHOpaMI:I,     I:ICITOJib3J'IOin;I:IMI:I    C   D;CJibiO       ocyru;eCTBJICHI:I~    peopraHI:I3aD;I:II:I
ycnym KOHCaJITI:IHrOBbiX <l>HpM. C              1995     r. AMP CIIIA pa6oTana c e;:J;I:IHCTBeHHbiM areHTOM-
aMepi:IKaHCKOH         KOHCaJITI:IHrOBOH          <l>HpMOH          "POHKO".        .6pi:ITaHCKI:IH      <l>oH;:J;       "Hoy-Xay"
<l>HHaHci:IpoBan ;:J;e~TeJibHOCTb HeCKOJibKI:IX pa3ni:IqHhiX areHTOB, B TOM qi:Icne O;:J;eCcKI:Ill:
ITpoeKT <l>HpMbi "KaprHnn" I:I ,lJ,oHeD;KI:Ill: ITpoeKT M<l>K.                      B   TO )l(e BpeM~ M<l>K HI:IKor;:J;a He
<l>HHaHCI:IpOBana CBOIO )l;C~TCJibHOCTb ITO peopraHI:I3aD;I:II:I X03~HCTB, HO BMCCTO :noro aKTI:IBHO
co;:J;eiicTBoBana <l>HHaHci:IpoBaHI:IIO I:I3 pa3JII:IqHbiX Me)I(;:J;yHapo;:J;HhiX I:IcToqHI:IKOB. YKa3aHHhre
pa3JII:IqHbie       KOM6I:IHaD;I:II:I     <l>HHaHCI:IpOBaHI:I~            I:1     opraHI:I3aD;I:IH,      OTBeqaiOin;I:IX             3a
<l>HHaHCI:IpOBaHI:Ie I:l peani:I3aD;I:IIO,          ITpi:IBCJII:I K      C03;:J;aHI:IIO qeTbipex KpyiTHbiX ITpOCKTOB
peopraHI:I3aD;I:II:I X03~HCTB, Tpi:I I:I3 KOTOpbiX C03;:J;aHbi I:l )l;CHCTBYIOT C                 1995   r. I:1 O)l;I:IH (",lJ,AP")
-    HOBbiH, <l>HHaHci:IpyeMhrll: EpHTaHCKI:IM <PoH;:J;OM "Hoy-Xay" 3aMeH~eT ITpoeKT M<l>K B r.
,lJ,oHen;Ke. OcHOBHbie xapaKTepi:ICTI:IKI:I qeTbrpex ITpoeKTOB ITpe;:J;cTaBneHhr B Ta6Jiuu;e                                2.1     (ITo
COCTO~HI:IIO Ha MapT        1999 r.).

      Ta 6Jiuu;a 21 M e)K)J,yHapO,ll,Hbie      npoeKTbi peo pram13aiiHH X03HHCTB B y KpawHe: MapT                         1999 r.
     OpramnauiDI,       <l>liHaHcHp)'IOmaR opraHmauHR                       06JlaCTh                KoJlwrecTBo X035IHCTB,
    OTBeTCTBeHHaR                                                                                  y'IaCTB)'IOil(ilX B rrpoeKTe
    3a peanmauiDO
    "KapruJlJl"       EpuTaHCKuil cpoH.D, "Hoy-Xay"                 O.D,eccKaR                                       5
    ".[(AP"           EpHTaHCKHil cpoH.D, "Hoy-Xay"                 .[(oHeuKa5!                    15 (Ha Ha'IMhHOM :narre)
    M<I>K             EpuTaHCKHil cpoH.D, "Hoy-Xay"                 .[(oHeuKaR                           41 (3aseprneH)
                      CKaH.D,HHaBcKue cTpaHhi u                     l.JepHOBHUKaR                              21
                      5JrrOHIDI
                      EpHTaHCKHil cpoH.D, "Hoy-Xay"                 KHeBcKaR                                         2
                      CIDA (KaHa.D,cKoe areHTCTBO                   BoJlhiHCKaR                                      3
                      Me)!{.D,yHapO.D,HOfO pa3BHTH.5!)
    "POHKO"           AMPClllA                                      15 o6JlaCTel1                               533
                                                                    l.JepKaCCKaR                                20
                                                                    .[(HerrporreTpOBCKaR                        28
                                                                    XapbKOBCKa5!                                 22
                                                                    XepcoHcKaR                                   45
                                                                    XMeJlhHHUKa5!                                20
                                                                    KHposorpa.D,cKaR                             26
                                                                    JlyraHcKa5!                                  16
                                                                    JlhBOBCKaR                                   69
                                                                    HHKOJlaescKaR                                32
                                                                    IlOJ1TaBCKa5!                                18
                                                                    PosHeHcKaR                                   62
                                                                    CyMcKaH                                      89
                                                                    TepHoiTOJlhCKaR                              42
                                                                    BHHHUUKaR                                     1
                                                                    BoJlhiHCKaR                                  43
10              YKpawta: Onblm peopzaHu3a71uu cenbcKoxmRiicmeeHHblX npeonpU5lmuii e YKpauHe




         B    CB~3H c BbiCOKoil: .IJ:HHaMHqHOCTbiO CHTyaiiHH, rrepeqeHb o6rracTeil: H KorruqecTBO
X03~HCTB       6biCTpO       MeH~eTC~.          <l>IipMa       "POHKO"            OXBaTbiBaeT          orpOMHOe        IIpOCTpaHCTBO,
BKJIIOqa~ TeppHTOpHH              15   H3     25      o6rracTeil:, H IIpHCOe.I(HH~eT K CBOHM rrpoeKTaM HOBbie
xo3~il:CTBa      rrpaKTHqecKH              e)Ke,n:HeBHO.       TeM           He       MeHee,    6orrbiiiM           qacTb     xo3~il:CTB,
yqacTByiOIIIHX B rrpoeKTe C            1998     ro,n:a, H OKOJIO            450   H3   533   X03~HCTB BCe eme HaXO,l(~TC~ Ha
paHHHX        :narrax      rrpouecca        peopraHmauHH.                   M<l>K      He,n:aBHO       .n:oroBopHrracb        o   HOBOM
¢HHaHcOBOM rraKeTe c rrpaBHTerrbCTBOM KaHa.IJ:bi H paciiiHp~eT cBoil: rrpoeKT .n:o BorrbJHH, B To
)Ke    BpeM~     yBeJIHqHBM            CBOe        IIpHCYTCTBHe             B    qepHOBIIaX        B    IISITHKpaTHOM          pa3Mepe.
3aBepiiieHHe coTpy,n:HHqecTBa M<l>K-EpHTaHcKoro ¢oH,n:a "Hoy-Xay" B ,[(oHeuKe rrpHBerro K
rrepe,n:aqe    ,n:e~TeiTbHOCTH         B     :noll:    rOTOBOH          K       pe¢opMaM        o6rraCTH        B    Be,n:eHH:e   HOBOH
opraHH3aiiHH,           ¢HHaHCHpyeMoil:             M<l>K      -    ",IJ:AP"          (,[(oHeuKa~       arpapHa~        pe¢opMa).      B
pe3yiTbTaTe,        K    rrpe)I{HeMy    41     X03~HCTBY M<l>K rrpHCOe.I(HHHITOCb                          15       HOBbiX    X03~HCTB,
HCIIOITb3YIOIIIHX IIpH3HaHHYIO MeTO.I(OITOrHIO M<l>K.


IIpuHljUnbl peopzaHu3aljUU X035lucme

      Bee    rrpoeKTbi peopraHH3aiiHH                  X03~HCTB B               Y KpaHHe     HaqHHaiOTCSI c           pacrrpe.n:erreHH~
3eMeJibHbiX H HMyllleCTBeHHbiX rraeB qrreHaM X03~HCTB B COOTBeTCTBHH C cymeCTBYIOIIIHMH
3aKoHaMH        H       rrocTaHOBrreHH~MH.              ITo,n:roTOBKa             K    pacrrpe.n:erreHHIO       rraeB       oxBaTbiBaeT
CKpyrryrre3HyiO TOIIOrpa¢HqeCKyiO C'beMKY 3eMJIH H TlllaTeJibHyiO IIepeoueHKY OCHOBHbiX
cpe,n:cTB     KaK       ocHOBbi    orrpe.n:erreHH~        rraeB     pa6oTHHKOB.              Pacrrpe.n:erreHHe        rraeB    ~Brr~eTc~
IIpe,n:IIOCbiiTKOH OKOHqaTeJibHOrO pacrrpe,n:erreHHSI yqaCTKOB 3eMJIH H ¢H3H:qecKHX aKTHBOB
pa60THHKaM H rpyrrrraM pa60THHKOB, HO Heo6SI3aTeiTbHO IIpHBO,I(HT K TaKOMY ¢H3H:qecKOMy
pacrrpe,n:erreHHIO "B HaType". I1aH MoryT OCTaBaTbC~ 6YMa)I{HbiMH cepTH¢HKaTaMH Ha rrpaBO
C06CTBeHHOCTH            Ha 3eMJIIO/aKTHBbl H              rrpeBpamaTbC~ B ¢H3HqecKHe aKTHBbl ITHIIIb ,I(Jl~
pa6oTHHKOB, KOTOpbie peiiiHITH BbiHTH H3 KOITJieKTHBa.                                       I10CKOJibKY IIaH Heo6~3aTeiTbHO
rrpeBpamaiOTC~ B yqaCTKH 3eMITH, 3eMeJibHbiH IIaH aBTOMaTH:qeCKH He ,n:aeT o¢HIIHaiTbHOrO
IOpH,n:HqecKoro rrpaBa Ha qeTKO orrpe.n:erreHHbiH yqacToK 3eMITH. B 3TOM OTHOIIIeHHH rrpoeKT
¢HpMbl "POHKO" OTJIHqaeTC~ OT rrpoqHX rrpoeKTOB peopraHH3aiiHH X03~HCTB; He,n:aBHO OH
Haqarr      ocymecTBIT~Tb         rrepexo.n: OT        pacrrpe,n:erreHH~              3eMerrbHbiX rraeB peopraHH30BaHHbiM
X03SIHCTBaM K rrepe,n:aqe ¢H3HqecKHX yqacTKOB H BbiiiYCKY o¢HIIHaiTbHbiX cepTH¢HKaTOB Ha
rrpaBo co6cTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMrriO. TeM He MeHee, penicTpaiJ,II~ IIH,IJJIBII.D:YaJihHhiX yqacTKOB
He    IIO.IJ:Pa3YMeBaeT        aBTOManiqeCKOrO                 OT,I(eJieHHSI           qacTHbiX        X03~HCTB        H     ,n:po6rreHH~
KorrrreKTIIBHoil: cTpyKTYPbi. Ta6mn~a                    2.2   .n:aeT cpaBHHTeiTbHOe orrHcamie OCHOBHbiX 3TaiiOB
IIpOUeCca peopraHH3aiiHH X03~HCTB Ha rrpHMepe pearrH:3aiiHH Tpex OCHOBHbiX IIpOeKTOB.


      ITocrre 3Tarra pacrrpe.n:erreHH~ rraeB, ¢HpMa "PoHKo" H M<l>K rroompSIIOT BHyTpeHHee
rreperpyrrrrHpOBaHHe aKIIHOHepOB B HOBbie X03~HCTBeHHbie IIO.I(pa3,n:erreHH~ C C06CTBeHHbiMH
3eMerrbHbiMH H HMyllleCTBeHHbiMH rraSIMH HITH, Hao6opoT, BbiXO.IJ: pa6oTHHKOB H ceMeil: co
cBoeli 3eMrreli H aKTHBaMH c uerrbiO C03.IJ:aHHSI ¢epMepcKoro X03SIHCTBa. O,n:eccKa~ Mo,n:errb
EpHTaHcKoro ¢oH,n:a "Hoy-Xay" OTJIHqaeTc~ TeM, qTo rrocrre pacrrpe.n:erreHH~ rraeB OHa
IIpe,n:ycMaTpH:BaeT pa3,n:erreHH:e 6a30BOrO                        CeJibCKOX03~HCTBeHHOrO rrpe,n:rrpH~TH~ Ha O,I(HO
IOpH,n:H:qecKoe ITHIIO, BJia,I(eiOIIIee 3eMJieH,                    H       O.I(HO    HITH HeCKOJibKO IOpH,n:HqeCKHX ITHII,
BITa,I(eiOIIIHX aKTHBaMH, KOTOpbie apeH,I(yiOT 3eMJIIO y rrpe,n:rrpH~TH~, BJia,I(eiOIIIero 3eMJieH.
3Taii peopraHH3aiiHH BO BCeX rrpoeKTaX COIIpOBO)K,I(aeTCSI IIpOBe,I(eHHeM aKTHBHOH KaMrraHHH
HH¢opMHpOBaHH~               HaCeJieHH~            C    lleJibiO        IIOBbiiiieHHSI         ypOBH~      HH¢opMHpOBaHHOCTH
aKIIHOHepOB 0 HaJIHqHH pa3JIHqHbiX BapHaHTOB Bbi60pa.
            2. IlpoeKmbz peopzaHU3alJUU, ynpaa!leHue KOmopbzMu ocyUjecma!15t/Om Me:JICOyHapoOHble OOHOpbz                           11



     Ta6JIHU.a       2.2.   OcHOBHhie 3Taiibi ,n:eHTeJihHOCTII B paMKax pearrii3ai.J;IIII Tpex rrpoeKTOB
                                                   peopraHII3ai.J;IIII X0351IICTB

  ::han ;:J:enTeJibHOCTn                       IJpoeKT peopraHn3au;nii CeJibCKOX03HllCTBeHHbiX npe;:J:rrpHHTnH

                                            M<l>K                    "PoHKo"/AMP    ClllA       "KaprHJIJI"/EpnTaHCKnll <iJoH;:J:

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                               - 3eMeJibHbie nan paBHOH Ka;:J:aCrpOBOH CTOnMOCTII ( CKOppeKTIIpOBaHHbie ITO
                               Ka'-!eCTBY reKTapbi)
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                               -       nan, 06be;:J:nHeHHbie B HOBbie ropn;:J:f!'-!eCKne       KOMIIaHf!ll
                                       nnua;
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                               -       rraf!, If3b!MaeMbie MH C03;:J:aHHn <iJepMepcKnX
                                       X03HHCTB
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                                                                                               nMyru;eCTBeHHbiMn
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 aKTnBOB                       pa60THf!KaM Ha OCHOBe CTOf!MOCTf!                               nMyru;eCTBeHHbiM KOMIIaHnJIM
                               nMyru;eCTBeHHbiX rraeB                                          Ha OCHOBe <lJYHKUnOHaJibHOrO
                                                                                               npe;:J:IIO'-!TeHnH aKI.J;nOHepOB
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 ;:J:onra                      HOBbiM npe;:J:IIpHHTHHM                 nponOpi.J;HOHaJibHO CTOnMOCTn aKTifBOB
                               nponOpi.J;HOHaJibHO               -     CoxpaHeHne ;:J:onra f! coOTBeTCTBYJOIUHX aKTHBOB Ha
                               CTOifMOCTn aKTnBOB                      rrpoMe)!(yTO'-IHOM npe;:J:IIpHHTifn
 IloJIY'-IeHne npaB            Bbmaqa                            Bbr;:J:a'-la                  HeT
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                               pa60THnKaM,                       pa60THnKaM O;:J:HOrO
                               BbiiiJe;:J:UlifM f!3              peopraHn3oBaHHoro
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                               3eMJif!
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12             YKpauHa: Onbzm peopzaHU3GZfUU cenbCKOX035lucmeeHHblX npeonpu5lmuii 6 YKpauHe




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(¢IIpMa "PoHKo" II M<!>K), ITPOI!ecc peopraHII3ai!IIII ITpriBerr K YMepennoMy .npo6rreHHIO
MaTepHHCKHX             X035IHCTB          Ha       MeHhiiiiie          ITpe.[(ITpii5ITII5I-ITpaBOITpeeMHIIKII,                     a      TaK)I(e
cymeCTsennoMy Bhrxo.ny ceMell: oT KorrrreKTIIBOB II co3.nanniO qacTHhrx X035IHCTB.                                                  Ta6Jiuu:a
2.3    .neMOHCTpnpyeT, qTo B ITpoeKTe M<!>K Ka)I(.[(Oe MaTepnncKoe X035IHCTBO B cpe.nneM
.IJ:p06IITC5I na    2    X035IHCTBa-ITpaBOITpeeMHHKa II .[(aeT                          5   He3aBHCHMhlX qacTHhiX X035IHCTB.
ITpoeKT     ¢IIpMhi       "PonKo"          .nan    Menee    1,2      ITpe.niTpH5ITIIH-ITpasoiTpeeMHIIKOB                       II       oKorro      8
qaCTHhiX X035IHCTB B pacqeTe Ha MaTepHHCKOe X035IHCTBO. X035IHCTBa ITO ITpoeKTY ¢npMhi
"PoHKO"       ITpeHMyUieCTBeHHO               Tpanc¢opMIIpyiOTC5I                  B    COOTHOIIIeHIIII         1:1: 90%                6a30BhiX
X035IHCTB peopraHII30BaJIIICh B O.[(HO IOpH.[(IIqeCKOe JIIII!O, eme                                      8%    pa3,neJIHJIIICb Ha ,[(Ba
IOpH.[(IIqeCKIIX JIHI!a II JIIIIIIh             2%    6a30BhiX X035IHCTB pa3.IJ:p06HJIIICh Ha 6orree qeM ,[(Ba
IOpii.IJ:HqecKIIX ITIII!a (.no       9).   TaKIIM o6pa3oM, na naqarrhHOM 3TaiTe ITpoeKT M<!>K .nan 6orree
cymecTBeHHOe yMeHhiiieHIIe pa3MepoB KpyiTHhiX X035IHCTB, qeM ITpOeKT ¢IIpMhi "POHKO".
        2. llpoeKmbz peopzaHU3GlfUU, ynpaefleHue KOmopb!MU ocyUfecmeJ/RJOm MeJJCOyHapoOHbze OOHOpbz                                    13


           Ta6Jiuu;a 2.3. Peopramnau;rur X035.LHCTB B paMKax Me)I(.IJ;yHapo.IJ;HhiX .IJ:OHOpCKIIX
                                                     IIpOeKTOB B        y KpaiiHe
                                                   M<I>K                       "PoHKo"/AMP           "Kapnmn''/EpHTaHCKllH
                                                                               ClllA                 tPOH.ll "Hoy-Xay"
 MaTepHHCKHe xo3HiicTBa                                       47                         304                           5
 (peopraHH30BaHHhie)
 Xo3HifcTBa-rrpaBonpeeMHHKH
    IJpe,ll,npHHTHH                                          102                      354                            25*
    <l>epMepCKHe X03HHCTBa                                   253                     2 390                            0
 Ko3cpcpHU.HeHT .IJ:po6neHHH Ha                              2,2                      1,2                             5
 OCHOBe npe,ll,npHHTHH
 Ko3cpcpHQHeHT .IJ:po6neHHH,                                  7,6                        9,0                           5
 BKJIIOqaH qaCTHhiX cpepMepOB
*   I1Myi.QeCTBeHHbie KOMIIaHHH, C03)J,aHHbie B )J,OllOJIHeHHe K                    5 3eMeJihHhiM      KOMIIaHWIM.


     06a    rrpoeKTa .IJ;aJIII        B   pe3yJihTaTe          .IJ;OCTaTOqHo       BhiCOKIIH       IIOKa3aTeJib        He3aBIICIIMhiX
<J:>epMepCKIIX X0351HCTB.            ¢aKTIIqeCKII, TaKIIe qaCTHbie X0351HCTBa COCTaBJI51IOT                                 85%     BCeX
IIpe.IJ;IIpii51TIIH-IIpaBOIIpeeMHIIKOB,              OXBaqeHHhiX             .IJ:BYM51    Me)I(.IJ;yHapO.IJ;HhiMII     .IJ;OHOpCKIIMII
rrpoeKTaMII     (Puc. 2.1).         TeM He MeHee, He Ka)I(.IJ;Oe KpyrrHoe X0351HCTBO .IJ;aeT B rrpou;ecce
peopraHII3aUIIII ceMh-BOCeMh qacTHhiX X0351HCTB, KaK rroKa3aHo B cpe.IJ;HeM no                                         Ta6Jiuu;e 2.3.
B   rrpoeKTe ¢IIpMhi "PoHKo" 60JihiiiM qacTh peopraHII30BaHHhiX X0351HCTB                                       (83%)       rrpiiBeJia K
C03.IJ;aHIIIO JIIIIIIh IOpii.IJ;IIqeCKIIX JIIIU (rrpe.IJ;IIpii51TIIH) II 3aTeM, rJiaBHhiM o6pa30M, O.IJ;HOrO
rrpe.IJ;IIpii51TII51. ,[(OIIOJIHIITeJibHhie rpyiiiihi qaCTHhiX X0351HCTBeHHhiX IIO.IJ;pa3.IJ;eJieHIIH 6biJIII
C03.IJ;aHbi JIIIIIIh   17%   6a30BhiX X0351HCTB, Ka)I(.IJ;Oe B Cpe.IJ;HeM pa3.IJ;eJIIIJIOCh Ha                       42    OT.IJ;eJihHhie
CTpyKTypbi (B cpaBHeHIIII B cpe.IJ;HeM C                    8 IIO   rrpoeKTY <J:>IIpMbl "PoHKO" B u;eJIOM). I1HTepeCHO
OTMeTIITh,        qTo        X0351HCTBa,            OKpy)l(eHHhie             rpyrrrraMII          qacTHhiX      X0351HCTBeHHhiX
IIO.IJ;pa3.IJ;eJieHIIH, B cpe.IJ;HeM pa3.IJ;p06IIJIIICh Ha 60Jihiiiee KOJIIIqecTBO IOpii.IJ;IIqecKIIX JIIIIl;, qeM
X0351HCTBa 6e3 OT.IJ;eJibHhiX IIO.IJ;pa3.IJ;eJieHIIH                (1 ,4   IOpii.IJ;IIqecKIIX JIIIU .IJ;JI51 6a30BhiX X0351HCTB,
KOTOphie pa3.IJ;p06IIJIIICh Ha qacTHbie X0351HCTBeHHhie IIO.IJ;pa3.IJ;eJieHII51 B cpaBHeHIIII C                                       1,1
IOpii.IJ;IIqecKIIX JIIIIl; .IJ;JI51 6a30BhiX X0351HCTB 6e3 .IJ;p06JieHII51 Ha YKa3aHHbie IIO.IJ;pa3.IJ;eJieHII51).
TaKIIM       o6pa3oM,          cyll!eCTByeT             pa3HOBII.IJ:HOCTh                peopraHII3aUIIOHHOii              .IJ;IIXOTOMIIII
(IIOCJie.IJ;OBaTeJibHOrO          .IJ;eJieHII51    Ha      .IJ;Be   qacTII),      KOTOpM,          IIO-BII.IJ;IIMOMy,       .IJ;IIKTyeTC51
IIOBe.IJ;eHqeCKIIMII     IIJIII     IICIIXOJIOriiqeCKIIMII            <J:>aKTOpaMII:        Cyll!eCTByeT      JIII60    a6COJIIOTHOe
corrpOTIIBJieHIIe       ,npo6nemuo,               Kor,na      6a30Bhie        X0351HCTBa       B     pe3yJihTaTe        ,naroT     o,nHo
IOpii):(IIqecKOe JIIIIl;O, JIII60 rOTOBHOCTh IICIIOJih30BaTb HOBbie opraHII3all;IIOHHbie IIO.IJ;XO):(hl,
KOr.IJ;a 6a30BOe X0351HCTBO .IJ;p06IITC51 Ha MHO)I(eCTBO IOpii.IJ;IIqecKIIX JIIIU II, KpOMe Taro,
C03.IJ;aeT rpyrrrry qaCTHhiX X0351HCTB. 3Ta MO.IJ;eJib MHO)I(eCTBeHHOrO .IJ;p06JieHII51, OTJIIIqHM OT
peopraHII3all;IIII B COOTHOIIIeHIIII              1: 1, .IJ;eMOHCTpiipyeTC51 B Ta6JIHQe 2.4.
14               YKpauHa: Onblm peopzaHu3atfuu cenbcKOX035lucm6eHHblX npeonpU5lmuu 6 YKpauHe




Ta6Jiu~a     2.4.      MHo:>KeCTBeHHoe .IJ.po6nemie X035IHCTB B rrpou;ecce peopramBau;HH B paMKax
                                            rrpoeKTa qmpMhi "POHKO" *
                                           Xo35IHCTBa, B pe3yhbTaTe                   Xo3HHCTBa, B pe3yJibTaTe
                                             ,D,p06JieHH5I KOTOpbiX           ,D,p06JieHH5I KOTOpbiX o6pa3yiOTC5I
                                              o6pa3yiOTC5I JIHillb                 !OpH,D,H'-IeCKHe JIHQa H qaCTHbie
                                             10pH,D,H4eCKHe JIHQa              X035IHCTBeHHbie f10,D,pa3)J,e.leHH5I

 na30Bbie X035IHCTBa                                  248                                         51
 HoBbie IOpH.Il.H4eCKHe JIHQa                         267                                         71
 HoBbie qacTHbie                                         -                                      2050
 no,D,pa3,D,eJieHH5I

 Ko3cpqmu;HeHT ,D,po6neHH5I Ha                        1,1                                         1,4
 OCHOBe !OpH,D,H4eCKHX JIHQ

 K03cpcpHQHeHT ,D,po6neHH5I Ha                        1,1                                         42
 OCHOBe BCeX X035IHCTBeHHhiX

 e)J,HHHQ
*Ha OCHOBe f10JIHOH HHcpOpMaiJ;HH 0         299   X035IHCTBax.




     PacnpeAeileHI!te X03JIMCTB-npaBonpeeMHI!tKOB B paMK3X AOHOpCKI!tX npoeKTOB




                              "PoHKo"/ AMP CWA                                       MCI>K

                                                                                                        npeAnpHSlTHSl
                                                                                                            13%




                         YacTHble
                                                                    YacTHble
                      noApaJ,QeneHHSl
                                                                 noApaJ,QeneHHSl
                           87%
                                                                      71%

                      PHCYHOK     2.1.




         ITpHHUHII rrpoeKTa qmpMhi "KaprHnn"/6pHTaHcKoro ¢oH,IJ,a "Hoy-Xay" 3aKmoqaeTC5l
B ,IJ,eJieHHH Ka:>K,IJ,OrO MaTepHHCKOrO X035IHCTBa Ha O.IJ.HY "3eMeJihHyiO KOMIIaHHIO", KOTOpa5I
BJia,IJ,eeT BCell: 3eMJieH H He BJia,IJ,eeT aKTHBaMH, H O.IJ.HY HJIH HeCKOJihKO "HMyiiJ;eCTBeHHhiX
KOMIIaHHH",        KOTOphie BJia,IJ,eiOT BCeMH aKTHBaMH H He BJia,IJ,eiOT 3eMJieH.                        3aTeM 3eMJI5l
apeH,IJ,yeTC5l    y    3eMeJihHhiX       KOMIIaHHH   B       IIOJih3Y HMyiiJ;eCTBeHHhiX        KOMIIaHHH       C u;eJihiO
        2. flpoeKmbt peopzaHu3alfUU, ynpa6JleHue KomopbtMU ocyUfeCm6Jl5!JOm Me:J/CoyHapooHbte ooHopbt                                  15



o6pa6oTKII. I151Th X0351HCTB B paMKax rrpoeKTa qmpMhi "Kaprmm"/6piiTaHCKoro <PoH,[(a
"Hoy-Xay" B 0J(eCCKOH 06JiaCTII peopraHII30BaJIIICh B                             5   3eMeJihHhiX II     25       IIMyliieCTBeHHhiX
KOMIIaHIIH,       II3    HIIX:     16        CIIe!IIIaJIII3IIpYJOTC51       Ha      OCHOBHOM        CeJihCKOX0351HCTBeHHOM
rrpOII3BO,[(CTBe II     9-   Ha rrepepa60TKe IIJIII rrpe,[(OCTaBJieHIIII X0351HCTBeHHhiX ycnyr. 0J(eCCKIIH
rrpoeKT He IIpiiBeJI K CKOJibKO-HII6yJ(h cymeCTBeHHOMY C03,[(aHIIIO He3aBIICIIMhiX qaCTHhiX
X0351HCTB. TaK, 06liiiiH K03<P<PIII!IIeHT J(p06JieHII51 COCTaBJI51eT                        5;   K03<P<PIII!IIeHT J(p06JieHII51
Ha     OCHOBe           IIMyliieCTBeHHhiX            KOMIIaHIIH,           CIIe!IIIaJIII3IIPYJOliiiiXC51           Ha       OCHOBHOM
CeJihCKOX0351HCTBeHHOM IIpOII3BO,[(CTBe (JIIIIIIh Te, KOTOphie <PaKTIIqecKII IICIIOJih3YJOT 3eMJIIO)
rro-rrpe:)lmeMy OTHOCIITeJihHO BhiCOKIIH -                  3,2.   TeM He MeHee, 3TII cpe,[(HIIe I!II<Ppni 51BJI51IOTC51
o6MaHqiiBhiMII:          60Jihllla51     qacTb       IIMyliieCTBeHHbiX           KOMIIaHIIH       (20     II3       25)     51BJI51IOTC51
pe3yJinTaTOM J(p06JieHII51 JIIIIIIh ,[(Byx MaTepiiHCKIIX X0351HCTB; OCTaJibHhie Tpii MaTepiiHCKIIX
X0351HCTBa IIpiiBeJIII, B I!eJIOM, K C03,[(aHIIIO JIIIIIIb                 5   IIMyliieCTBeHHhiX KOMIIaHIIH (J(eTaJihHa51
IIH<PopMa!III51 rrpeJ(cTaBJieHa B            Ta6.11uu;e 2. 7).

           !OpuouttecKue ¢opMbl.              ITpoeKThi peopraHII3a!IIIII X0351HCTB M<I>K II <PIIPMhi "PoHKo"
IIpiiBeJIII K C03,[(aHIIIO pa3JIIIqHhiX rrpeJ(IIpii51TIIH (IOpiiJ(IIqecKIIX JIIII!) II qaCTHhiX X0351HCTB
( <PII3IIqeCKIIX JIIII!), TOr,[(a KaK 0,[(eCCKIIH rrpoeKT <l>IIpMbi "KapriiJIJI"/opiiTaHCKOrO <l>OH,[(a
"Hoy-Xay" IIpiiBeJI K C03,[(aHIIIO JIIIIIIh IOpii,[(IIqecKIIX JIIII! 6e3 o6pa30BaHII51 KaKIIX 6hi TO HII
6nmo       IIHJ(IIBIIJ(YaJihHhiX        qacTHhiX        X0351HCTB.          Ecnii     6a30Bhie        X0351HCTBa            6niJIII    J(O
peopraHII3al!IIII            rrpeiiMyliieCTBeHHO                   KOJIJieKTIIBHhiMII            CeJihCKOX0351HCTBeHHhiMII
rrpeJ(IIpii51TII51MII     (KCIJ)        (HarrpiiMep,      85%        ITO    rrpoeKTy      <l>IIpMbi     "POHKo"),            Haii60Jiee
IIOIIY1I51pHOH           opraHII3a!IIIOHHOH               <PopMOH               rrpeJ(IIpii51TIIH-rrpaBorrpeeMHIIKOB                    B
Me)l{,[(yHapOJ(HhiX          ,[(OHOpCKIIX          rrpoeKTaX         51BJI51eTC51       KOMIIaHII51           C      orpaHIIqeHHOH
OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO.             Ha       3TY       rrpaBOBYJO        <PopMy        rrpiiXOJ(IITC51       87%          rrpeJ(rrpii51TIIH-
rrpaBorrpeeMHIIKOB B rrpoeKTe M<I>K II                    57% -      B rrpoeKTe <PIIPMhi "PoHKo"                   (Ta6.11uu;a 2.5).
ITpoeKT     <PIIPMhi "Kapriinn"/EpiiTaHcKoro <PoH,[(a "Hoy-Xay", rro-BIIJ(IIMoMy, cocpeJ(OTOqiiJI
BHIIMaHIIe Ha KOMIIaHIIII C orpaHIIqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThlO KaK IICKJIIOqiiTeJihHOH <PopMe
opraHII3a!IIIII     peopraHII30BaHHhiX                rrpe,[(IIpii51TIIH:       BCe    3eMeJibHhie       II       IIMyliieCTBeHHbie
KOMIIaHIIII,      OXBaqeHHbie             3TIIM      IIpOeKTOM,            3aperiiCTpiipOBaHbi          KaK          KOMIIaHIIII        C
orpaHIIqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO. KoMrraHII51 c orpaHIIqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO ropa3J(O
MeHee      IIOIIY1I51pHa     cpe,[(II    J(06pOBOJihHO        peopraHII30BaHHhiX             X0351HCTB,           r,[(e   JIIIIIIh    12%
3aperiiCTpiipOBaHbi B KaqecTBe IIMeHHO TaKOH                               <PopMbi.     HII O,[(IIH II3           Me)I{J(yHapOJ(HhiX
,[(OHopcKIIX     rrpoeKTOB        He     ,[(aJI   3HaqiiTeJibHOro           qiicJia    KCIT,     OJ(HaKo,          KCIT      51BJI51eTC51
rrpe,[(IIOqTIITeJibHOH opraHII3a!IIIOHHOH                  <PopMOH cpe,[(II J(06pOBOJibHO peopraHII30BaHHhiX
X0351HCTB     (51%, CMOTpH Ta6Jiuu.y 2.5). KpoMe Toro, uccne,n;oBaHne 1996 r. rroKa.Jano, qTo
CBhiiiie   50% KpyrrHhiX X0351HCTB B YKpaiiHe OTHOC51TC51 K KaTeropiiii KCIT (cMoTpii CChiJIKY B
CHOCKe     1 Ha CTp. 1).

           ITpoeKT "PoHKo" ,[(aJI BhiCOKIIH rroKa3aTeJih qacTHhiX rrpeJ(rrpii51TIIH                               (20%),      KOTOpbie
51BJI51IOTC51 IOpiiJ(IIqecKIIMII JIIII!aMII B co6cTBeHHOCTII O,[(Horo BJia,[(eJih!Ia. HeKOTOphie II3 3TIIX
qacTHbiX rrpe,[(IIpii51TIIH MoryT IIMeTb CXO,[(Hbie qepTbi C qacTHbiMII X0351HCTBaMII C TOll JIIIIIIb
pa3HIII!eti, qTo rrocne,[(HIIe 51BJI51IOTC51 <PII3IIqecKIIMII, a He IOpiiJ(IIqecKIIMII JIIII!aMII. TeM He
MeHee,     HeKOTOphie II3 3TIIX qaCTHhiX rrpe,[(IIpii51TIIH KJiaCCII<l>III!IIpYJOTC51 KaK "qacTHbie
apeH,[(Hhie rrpeJ(IIpii51TII51", T.e. rrpe,[(IIpii51TII51 B C06CTBeHHOCTII O,[(HOrO BJia,[(eJih!Ia, KOTOpbie
KpOMe      o6pa60TKII        3eMJIII     B     qacTHOH      C06CTBeHHOCTII            TaK)I{e    apeH,[(YJOT         3HaqiiTeJihHOe
KOJIIIqecTBO 3eMJIII y <PII3IIqecKIIX JIIII! II rrpeJ(rrpii51TIIH. ITo cTaTIICTIIKe M<I>K, qacTHhie
rrpeJ(IIpii51TII51 He Bbl,[(eJieHhi OT,[(eJibHO: OHII pacrrpe,[(eJI51IOTC51 cpe,[(II qaCTHbiX X0351HCTB II
rrpoqiix IOpiiJ(IIqecKIIX <PopM.
16            YKpaww: Onblm peopzaHu3atfuu ce!lbCKoxo35!iicmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu e YKpauHe




            Ta6mn~a
     OpramBaUHOHHa51 cpopMa
                           2.5.
                                           l
                                  Oprami3aUJIOHHbie <iJopMbi _peoprami3oBaHHbiX X0351HCTB
                                                   M<DK      I     "PoHCKillAo"/AMP   1           CnoHTaHHa51
                                                                                              ~eC~KTYPH3all,H51

 Ilpe,IJ,npH51THH-                                  102                  354                              51
 npasonpeeMHHKOB, scero
 AKUHOHepHa51 KOMnaHH51                             3%                  12%                             24%
 KoMnaHH511TosapmuecTBO c                          87%                  57%                             12%
 orpaHWICHHOH
 OTBCTCTBCHHOCTblO
 Y.acTHOe npe,IJ,npH51THe                                               20%                              2%
 KonneKTHBHoe                                                            8%                              51%
 CCJibCKOX0351HCTBCHHOe
 npe,IJ,npH51THe
 CenhcKOX0351HCTBeHHhiH                             8%                   3%
 KoonepaTHB
 Ilpo<me IOpHJJ,WICCKHe cpopMbl                     2%                                                   11%

        IIepepacnpeoene11ue 3eMnu.                   ITpoeKTbi     <iJupMbi    "PoHKo"    H      M<l>K     rrpHBO.LJ:51T   K
C03JJ,aHHIO 3Ha'IHTeJibHOf0 'IHCJia 'laCTHbiX X0351HCTB, HO 3TH X0351HCTBa O'leHb MaJieHbKHe
BCJie)J;CTBHe rrepe)J;a'IH ceKTOpOM rrpe.nrrpH51THH B CeKTOp 'laCTHbiX X0351HCTB Kpall:He MaJIOH
qacTH 3eMJIH. HecMoTp51 Ha TO, 'ITO qacTHbie xo351HCTBa coCTaBJI51IOT                      85%     oT o6mero qucna
opraHH3aU:HOHHhiX CTPYKTYP B 3THX rrpoeKTax, OHH KOHTponupyiOT scero JIHIIIh                                    2%   3eMJIH
(Puc. 2.2).        TaKHM    o6pmoM,            rrepsoHa'laJihHbiH:   Ha.nen     3eMJIH   ocTaeTC51        rrpaKTH'leCKH
IIOJIHOCTbiO y peopraHH30BaHHbiX rrpe.nrrpH51THH ll yMeHbiiieHHe pa3MepoB IIpOCTO 3aBHCHT
OT .npo6neHH51 6mosoro X0351HCTBa Ha X0351HCTBa-rrpasorrpeeMHHKH. K                               CO)I{aJieHHIO, 3TOT
pe3yJibTaT Me)I{)J;yHapO.LJ:HbiX )J;OHOpCKHX rrpoeKTOB 51BJI51eTC51 OTpa)l{eHHeM CHTyaU:HH B ueJIOM
B YKpauHe, r.ne 6oJibiiia51 qacTb ceJibCKOX0351HCTBeHHbiX yro.nu:H: KOHTponupyeTc5I KpyrrHhiMH
ceJibCKOX0351HCTBeHHbiMH            rrpe.nrrpH5ITH5IMH.      Me)K.LJ:yHapO.LJ:Hhie    .noHopcKHe          rrpoeKTbi        He
CMOfJIH    rrepeCTyiiHTb          rropor       Tpa.LJ:HU:HOHHOfO     KOJIJieKTHBH3Ma        ll    CTaTb         IIYCKOBbiM
MexaHH3MOM MaCCOBOH rrepe)J;a'IH 3eMJIH OT rrpe.nrrpH5ITHH 'laCTHbiM X035IHCTBaM.




                             PeopraHH38'-'HR XOJRHCTB H nepepacnpeAeileHHe
                                      JeMilH ("PoHKo" H MCI>K)

                           100%


                            80%


                            60%
                                                                                      D V1HAI-1Bi-1AYailbHble

                            40%                                                       D KopnopaTI-1BHble



                            20%




                                           Xo3s:~lkrea

                      PHCYHOK      2.2.
          2. JlpoeKmbl peopzaHU3WfUU, ynpaBneHue KomopblMU ocyU{ecmBJIRIOm MeJICOyHapoiJHb!e omwpbl                              17



           YMepeHHhiM K03¢qmu;HeHT ,npo6JieHH5! 6a30BhiX X035!MCTB B HOBbie IOpH,nH:qeCKHe
JIHIJ;a    BO    BCeX     rrpoeKTaX       peopraHH3aiJ;Hli          X035!MCTB        rrpe,nrronaraeT             OTHOCH:TeJihHO
He3HaqHTeJihHOe )'MeHhiiieHHe pmMepoB Tpa,nHu;HoHHhiX KpyrrHhiX X035!MCTB. Xo35!MCTBa-
rrpaBorrpeeMHHKH B rrpoeKTe M<DK B cpe,nHeM 6onee qeM B,nBoe MeHhiiie 6moBhiX X035!MCTB,
Ho, 3aHHMM rrnoiiJ;a,nh rroqTH  1 500 ra, OHH ocTaiOTC5! oqeHh KPYIIHhiMH no 6moBhiM MepKaM
phmoqHoii        3KOHOMHKH   (Ta6Jinu;a 2.6). B rrpoeKTe ¢HpMhi "PoHKo" KOJIH:qecTBO
rrpe,niipH5!TliM-IIpaBOIIpeeMHHKOB    Jllillih Ha  15% rrpeBhiiiiaeT KOJIH:qecTBO 6a30BhiX
MaTepHHCKHX         X035!MCTB     li    Ha6JIIO,naeMOe       yMeHhiiieHHe        pa3MepOB         -     MHHHMaJihHOe            (no
COCT05!HHIO Ha cero,L(H5!        2 140   ra Ha X035!MCTBO B cpaBHeHHH C                2 670     ra ,.[(0 peopraHH3aiJ;HH).
Xo35!MCTBa ITO rrpoeKTY ¢HpMhi "PoHKO" TpaHc¢opMHpyiOTC5! rrpaKTH:qeCKH B COOTHOIIIeHH:li
1:1, COXpaH5!5!, B      cyiiJ;HOCTH, BCIO rrepBOHaqaJihHyiO 3eMJIIO.


  Ta6Jinu;a 2.6.     Pacrrpe,neneHHe 3eMJIH H cpe,nHHe pmMephi X035!MCTB no rrpoeKTaM ¢HpMhi
                                         "P OHKO " li M<DK : MapT          1999 r.
                                       "PoHKo"/AMP CiliA                                              M<DK

                            Kon-so          3eMJI5I,     B   cpe,ll.HeM/        Kon-so           3eMJI5I,          B   cpe.nHeM/
                           X035IHCTB        scero         X035IHCTBO         X035IHCTB           scero             X035IHCTBO

 MaTepHHCKHe                  304          812 062            2 670               47             142 346               3 400
 X035IHCTBa

 (peopraHmos.)
 ITpe.nnpH5ITH5I-             354          756 771            2 140              102           135 946                 1 350
 npasonpeeMHHKH
 J1H)J.HBH)J.. X03-Ba         2 390         13613               6                253             6 400                   25

           PeopraHH30BaHHhie rrpe,nnpH5!TH5!, KaK rrpammo, rrpH:o6peTaiOT 3eMJIIO, HCIIOJih3Y5!
rraH CBOHX aKu;HoHepoB-yqpe,nHTeneM. TaKHM o6pmoM, rrpe,nrrpH5!THe, HMeiOIIJ;ee                                         3 000    ra
3eMJIH, 06hiqHo H:MeeT OKOJIO              200-300      yqpe,nH:TeJieM, c,naiOIIJ;HX CBOH 3eMeJihHhie rraH B
apeH,ny      rrpe,nrrpH5!THIO.     EoJihiiia5!   qacTh       aKu;HoHepoB         TaK)I{e    aKTHBHO              pa6oTaeT       Ha
rrpe,nrrpH5!THH,     TOr,na      KaK    OCTaJihHyiO     COCTaBJI5!10T       IIO)I{H:Jihie   JIIO,L(li       li    IIeHCHOHephi.
I1HTepeCHhiM        5!BJieHHeM      B    rrpoeKTe      ¢HpMhi       "POHKO"       5!BJI5!eTC5!        C03,L(aHHe       X035!MCTB-
IIpaBOIIpeeMHHKOB c o,nHHM aKu;HoHepoM-yqpe,nHTeneM. Xo35!MCTBO c o,nHHM aKu;HoHepoM
HMeeT oqeHh orpaHHqeHHhiM HaqaJihHhiM 3eMeJihHhiM Ha,neJI ( OKOJIO                                10-20      ra, 3KBHBaJieHT
3eMeJihHOfO IIM), HO 3a6H:paeT rrpaKTH:qecKH BCIO 3eMJIIO rrepBOHaqaJihHOfO KOJIJieKTHBHOfO
X035!MCTBa, apeH,ny5! 3eMeJihHhie rraH 6hiBIIIHX qJieHOB KOJIJieKTHBHOfO X035!MCTBa. 0KOJIO
20%       X035!MCTB IIO rrpoeKTY ¢HpMhi "PoHKO" peopraHH30BaJIHCh HMeHHO TaKHM CIIOC060M.
TaKHM CIIOC060M rrepBOHaqaJihHhiM KOJIJieKTHB peopraHH3yeTC5! B COOTHOIIIeHHH                                          1: 1,   HO B
pe3yJihTaTe o6pmyeTC5! KpyiiHOe qaCTHOe X035!MCTBO, KOTOphiM BJia,neeT li yrrpaBJI5!eT O,L(HH
aKu;HoHep-yqpe,nH:TeJih. ITocKOJihKY 3TH KpyrrHhie qacTHhie X035!MCTBa rnaBHhiM o6pmoM
C03,L(aiOTC5!   Ha 3eMJie,       apeH,nyeMOM y         BHeiiiHHX      aKIJ;HOHepOB,        HX TOqHO              xapaKTepH3yeT
TepMHH       "qacTHhie     apeH,nHhie     rrpe,nrrpH5!TH5!".     3TOT      crroco6     peopraHH3aiJ;HH             He MeiiiaeT
C03,L(aHHIO     ,L(OIIOJIHHTeJihHhiX       qaCTHhiX      X035!MCTB         Ha    OCHOBe        6a30BOfO            KOJIJieKTHBa.
<DaKTH:qecKH,       10-20%     BCeM 3eMJIH KOJIJieKTHBOB, TpaHc¢opMHpOBaHHhiX B                                   X035!MCTBa C
O,L(HHM aKIJ;liOHepOM ITO rrpoeKTY ¢HpMhi "PoHKO", OTOIIIJIO K MeJIKHM qaCTHhiM X035!MCTBaM.
18               YKpauHa: Onbcm peopzaHU3a!JUU ce!lbCKoxo3Rucm6eHHblX npeiJnpURmuu 6 YKpauHe




      Ta6JIHU.a 2.7.       Tiepepacrrpe,n:erreHHe 3eMrrH HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IM X035IIIcTBaM B paMKax
                            O,n:eccKoro rrpoeKTa EpHTaHcKoro cpoH,n:a "Hoy-Xay"
 MaTepiiHCKO               Pa3Mepbi                       KoniiqecTBO           3eMJI51, o6pa6aT.                  Cpe.n:HIIe
 e X0351HCTBO           MaTepiiHCKOrO                IIMYI.QCCTBCHHhiX             11Myi.QeCTB.                pa3Mepbi c/x
                        X0351HCTBa, ra                    KOMIIaHIIH            KoMrraHII51MII, ra             IIMYI.QCCTB.
                                                   Bcero    I   OcHOBHoe                                      KOMIIaHIIII, ra
                                                                c/x rrp-so
 1                           3 400                   13            6                     4 078                       680
 2                           1 250                    7            5                      1 082                      216
 3                           6 400                    3            3                     6 400                      2 133
 4                           3 300                    1             1                    3 300                      3 300
 5                           2 900                    1             1                    2 900                      2 900
 Bcero                   B cpe.n:HeM,                25            16                    17 760                     1 100
                           3 450     ra


         B   O.n:eccKoM rrpoeKTe cpHpMI>I "KaprHrrrr"/EpHTaHCKoro cpoH,n:a "Hoy-Xay" Ha Ka)l(,n:oe
6a30BOe X035IHCTBO IIpHXO.lJ:HTC5I O,n:Ha 3eMeJII>Ha5I XOIT.lJ:HHrOBa5I KOMIIaHH5l, TaK qTO ITO
orrpe.n:erreHHIO pa3Mepi>I He MeH5IIOTC5l.                      TeM He MeHee,           3eMrr5l y   3eMeJII>HoH: KOMIIaHHH
apeH,n:yeTC5l      HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IMH               KOMIIaHH5IMH        H     cpaKTHqecKOe             KOJIHqecTBO          3eMJIH,
HCIIOJih3yeMoe O.lJ:HHM X035IHCTBOM, 3aBHCHT OT qHcrra HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IX KOMIIaHHH H HX
crreuHarrH3a:UHH.        Ta6JIHU.a 2. 7           ,n:eMOHCTpHpyeT pacrrpe,n:erreHHe 3eMrrH              16   HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IM
KOMIIaHH5IM,       CB5l3aHHI>IM           c   II5ITI>IO    3eMeJII>HhiMH     KOMIIaHH5IMH           B    O,n:eccKoH:     o6rracTH
( OCTaJihHI>Ie     9     HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IX            KOMIIaHHH        5IBJI5IIOTC5l     CepBHCHI>IMH         H     3eMJIIO     He
HCIIOJih3yiOT). Cpe,n:HHe pa3Mepi>I X035IHCTBa B O,n:eccKoM rrpoeKTe YMeHI>IIIHJIHCI> Ha                                  2/3,   c   3
450   ra .n:o    1 000    ra. YMeHI>IIIeHHe pa3MepoB oco6eHHO rrpHMeqaTeJII>Ho B ,n:Byx crryqMx,
KOr,n:a MaTepHHCKOe X035IHCTBO pa3yKpyiiHHJIOCh Ha                             5 - 6       HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IX KOMIIaHHH,
CIIeUHaJIH3HpyiOIIJ:HXC5l rrraBHI>IM o6pa30M Ha CeJII>CKOX035IHCTBeHHOH IIpOH3BO.lJ:CTBeHHOH
,n:e5ITeJII>HOCTH (cTpOKH        1   H    2   B   Ta6JIHU.e 2.7).    C ,n:pyroH: cTopoHI>I, ,n:Ba crryqM, Kor.n:a o,n:Ha
HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHa5l KOMIIaHH5l 6I>IJia C03,n:aHa H3 MaTepHHCKOrO X035IHCTBa ( CTpOKH                                       4   H   5   B
Ta6m111.e 2. 7),       ,n:eMOHCTpHpyiOT OTCYTCTBHe KaKoro 61>1 TO HH 61>mo YMeHI>IIIeHH5l pa3MepoB:
HOBbie HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>Ie KOMIIaHHH rrpo,n:OJI)I(aiOT o6pa6aTI>IBaTh OKOJIO                                  3 000     ra 3eMJIH,
rrepe.n:aHHI>IX 6a30BI>IM KOJIJieKTHBHI>IM X035IHCTBOM.


                             HepaBHOMepHOCTb pacnpep,eneHHs:t 3eMnH e Op,eccKoM
                                      npoeKTe 5pHTaHCKOrO CI>HX
                         CosoKynHoe pacnpeAelleH11e X03l'lli1crs,%




                                                  coeoKynHoe    pacnpeAeneH~e 3eMn~.       %

                 PMCYHOK        2.3.
       2.    IIpoeKmbz peopzaHU3GtfUU, ynpaB!leHue KOmopb!MU ocyutecmBflR/Om MeJJCOyHapoOHble OOHOpbz                                        19



            TeM He MCRee, cpe,ll;HIIC pa3MCpbi X0351HCTBa o6MaHqiiBhi, ITOCKOJihKY 3CMJI51 cpe,ll;II
IIMYII!CCTBCHHhiX             KOMITaHIIH         paciTpe,ll;eJI51CTC51         KpaHHe           HepaBHOMepHO:                    8    II3   16
CCJibCKOX0351HCTBCHHbiX               IIMYII!CCTBCHHbiX                KOMITaHIIH,             yqacTBJ'IOII!IIX              B       ITpOeKTe,
o6pa6anmanii           CBhiiiie    80%     3eMJIII       ITO     ITpoeKTy.      Ka)l(,ll;Oe      II3      3TIIX KPYITHhiX            X0351HCTB
COXpaH51CT 6onee ITOJIOBIIHbi 3CMJIII 6a30BOrO MaTepiiHCKOrO X0351HCTBa .[1;0 peopraHII3a!IIIII.
B cpe,ll;HCM, OHII o6pa6aTbiBaiOT                1 800       ra II CITCI!IIaJIII3IIpyiOTC51 Ha BbipaiiiiiBaHIIII ITOJICBhiX
KYJII>TYP (rnaBHhiM o6pa30M 3epHOBhiX).                           OcTaJihHI>Ie       8     X0351HCTB CITeuiiaJIII3IIPJ'IOTC51 Ha
ITpOII3BO,ll;CTBe cppyKTOB II OBOII!CH II Ka)l(,ll;Oe, B Cpe,ll;HCM, IIMCeT MCRee                                      400   ra IIJIII OKOJIO
1/10   MaTepiiHCKOrO X0351HCTBa. B                      I!CJIOM,      80%      II3   25    IIMYII!CCTBCHHbiX KOMITaHIIH                     (16
CCJibCKOX0351HCTBCHHhiX KOMITaHIIH ITJIIOC                       9   ITepepa6aThiBaiOIIIIIX II cepBIICHbiX KOMITaHIIH)
KOHTpOJIIIpJ'IOT         20%     3CMJIII   ITO       ITpOCKTY, TOr.[I;a        KaK     OCTaJihHbie              20%      IIMYII!CCTBCHHhiX
KOMITaHIIH        KOHTpOJIIIPJ'IOT      80%          3CMJIII.    KpiiBM nopeHua Ha                       Pnc. 2.3         ,ll;CMOHCTpiipyeT
CYII!CCTBCHHJ'IO          HepaBHOMepHOCTb                    paciTpC,ll;CJICHII51         3CMJIII         cpe,ll;II      IIMYII!CCTBCHHbiX
KOMITaHIIH, yqacTBJ'IOIIIIIX B O,!J;eccKOM ITpoeKTe.


  Ta6Jinu;a 2.8.       PeriicTpauii51 ITpaB co6cTBeHHOCTII B X0351HCTBax, yqacTBYIOIIIIIX B ITpoeKTe
                              cp IIpMbi "P OHKO " : ITO COCT051HIIIO Ha cp eB_paJII>                     1999 r.
                    Bhmaqa rocyAapcTseHHhiX aKTOB Ha npaso co6cTseHHOCTH Ha 3eMmo
            06JiaCTb                 IIpH cpHHaHcosow no,ll;,ll;ep)J(Ke                          6e3               Bee roc. aKTbi npasa
                                                      "PoHKO"                             cpHHaHCOBOH                   C06CTBeHHOCTH,
                                                                                           nO,ll;,ll;ep)J(Kll         Bbi.[J;aHHbie "PoHKO"
                                                                                             "PoHKO"

                                   X03-sa        I     ra            KonHqecTso
                                                                     roc. aKTOB

 CyMcKa51                              1              1 930             319                     1 193                         1 512
 JlbBOBCKa51                          12             16 887            5 990                       --                         5 990
 Jlyu.Ka51 (BOJibiHCKa51)             2              2 451              846                      297                          1 143
 TepHonoJibCKa51                      8              7 510             2 978                     355                          3 333
 ~HenponeTposcKa51                    --                --                --                     715                           715
 HHKOJiaescKa51                        1              1 427             203                      145                           348
 XepcoHcKa51                          --                --                --                     406                           406
 PosHeHcKa51                          --                --                --                     140                           140
 XMeJibHHIJ,Ka51                       7              9 325            3 514                        --                        3 514
 4epKaCCKmi                           --                --                --                     40                            40
 KHposorpa,ll;cKa51                   11             25 984            3 817                      81                          3 898
 IIonTaBCKM                           4               7 292            2 241                      19                          2 260
 XapbKOBCKa51                          1              2 116             132                      70                            202
 JiyraHcKa51                          --                --                --                     185                           185
 BHHHHUKa51                            1              1 287             568                         --                         568
 Bcero no cocT051HHIO                 48             76 209            20 608                   3 646                        24 254
 Ha cpespanb      1999 r.
 Bcero no cocT051HHIO                 13             22 101            5 768                    2 210                         7 978
 Ha OKT516pb      1998   r.


          n Oflyl.[eHue npae co6cmeeHHOCmu.                      Ba)I(HbiM ,ll;OCTII)KCHIICM ITpOeKTa cpiipMbi "POHKO"
51BJI51CTC51 HC,ll;aBHIIH ITepeXO,ll; K cpiiHaHCOBOH ITO,ll;,ll;Cp)I(KC ITOJiyqeHII51 ITpaB C06CTBCHHOCTII Ha
3eMJIIO       B    Bhi6paHHhiX          X0351HCTBax.              Ecnii        ITpoeKT         M<I>K            o6eciTeqiiBaeT          JIIIIIIh
a.[J;MIIHIICTpaTIIBHJ'IO        ITOMOII!h        B     periiCTpauiiii          ITpaB       C06CTBeHHOCTII,                 ITpiiqeM     JIIIIIIb
20            YKpaww: Onblm peopzmm3a1Juu ce!lbCKOXo35lucmaeHHblX npeonpU5lmuu a YKpauHe




pa60THHKaM, Bbiiiie,IJ;IIIHM H3 6biBIIIero KOJIJieKTHBa C ¢H3HqeCKHM yqaCTKOM 3eMJIH, ¢HpMa
"PoHKo"/AMP ClllA nepeiiiJIH K paCIIIHpeHHIO ¢HHaHCOBOH nOMOIIJ;H B norryqeHHH aKTOB Ha
npaBO      C06CTBeHHOCTH         ~IT~      BCeX    aKUHOHepoB      CeJibCKOX03~HCTBeHHOfO         npe~npH~TH~
o~HoBpeMeHHO. CBbiiiie           20 000     aKTOB Ha npaBo co6cTBeHHOCTH, oxBaThiBaiOIIJ;HX76 000 ra
3eMJIH, 6hiJIO BhmaHO BCeM aKUHOHepaM B                 48 X03~HCTBaX, peopraHH30BaHHbiX no npoeKTY
¢HpMbi "PoHKo" B            10   o6rracT~x. Eme        3 600 aKTOB 6bmo BhmaHo B HH~HBH~yarrhHOM
nop~~Ke, 6e3 ¢HHaHCOBOH no~~ep)KKH npoeKTa, KpeCTb~HaM H CeMb~M, Bbiiiie,[(IIIHM H3
6hiBIIIHX KorrrreKTHBHhiX X03~HCTB.               Ta6JIHIJ,a 2.8   CYMMHpyeT pe3yiThTaTbi ycHrrHH: ¢HpMbi
"POHKO" KaCaTeJibHO aKTOB npaBa C06CTBeHHOCTH no COCTO~HHIO Ha ¢eBparrb                               1998   r. C
OKT~6p~     1998 r.   Ha6rriO~aeTc~ 3HaqHTeJihHbiH poeT MacniTa6oB nporpaMMbi norryqeHH~ npaB
C06CTBeHHOCTH: qHCJIO X03~HCTB, HMeiOIIJ;HX npaBO C06CTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMJIIO, yBeJIHqHJIOCb
c   12   B BOCbMH o6rracnx ~o         48   B ~ec~TH o6rracnx (K nporpaMMe norryqeHH~ aKTOB Ha npaBo
co6cTBeHHOCTH         Ha    3eMrriO     He~aBHO      npHcoe~HHHJIHCb         rr.   XMerrbHHUKHH   H   XapbKOB).
TeKyiiJ;He    nrraHhi      Tpe6yiDT     ~arrbHeH:rnero    ycKopeHH~          npouecca   npe~ocTaBJieHH~      npaB
C06CTBeHHOCTH.


           ITpoeKT    peopraHH3aUHH          X03~HCTB     M<l>K    He    Bbi~err~eT     npe~ocTaBrreHH~   npaBa
co6cTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMJIIO B oT~errhHbiH BH~ ~e~TerrbHOCTH. A~MHHHCTpaTHBHa~ noMOIIJ;h
OKa3biBaeTC~         6ecnrraTHO       ¢epMepaM,       Bbiiiie~IIIHM     CO     CBOHM    3eMeJibHbiM   naeM     H3
peopraHH30BaHHoro X03~HCTBa. TeM He MeHee, B OTJIHqHe OT ¢HpMbi "PoHKo", M<l>K He
cy6cH~HpyeT 3aTpaTbi Ha norryqeHHe aKTOB Ha npaBO C06CTBeHHOCTH, KOTOpbie npO~OJI)KaeT
HecTH Brra~erreu 3eMrrH. TaKHM o6pa30M, pa6oTHHKH peopraHH30BaHHbiX no npoeKTY M<l>K
X03~HCTB norryqaiOT rocy~apCTBeHHbiH aKT perHCTpaUHH npaBa C06CTBeHHOCTH JIHWb nocrre
BbiXO~a H3 X03~HCTBa C UeJibiO C03~aHH~ qacTHOfO npe~npH~TH~, TOr~a KaK CTpaTerH~
¢HpMbi "POHKO" npe~ycMaTpHBaeT Bbmaqy aKTa 0 npaBe C06CTBeHHOCTH BCeM aKl(HOHepaM
B Ka)K~OM X03~HCTBe O~HOBpeMeHHO.
          3.   PeJyJihTaThl peoprauuJau;uu xoJHHCTB: )J;aHHhie, co6pauuhle ua MecTax

      B   rrocne.n;yKnu;rrx pa3.n;enax     3-7) rrpe.n;cTaBneHhi pe3ynhTaTbi rrccne.n;oBaHrrx,
                                                 (fnaBbi
IIpOBO)J;HBIIIerocx B qeTBepTOM KBapTane 1998 fO)J;a H OXBaTHBIIIero 86 peopraHH30BaHHbiX
cenhCKOX03XiicTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrprrxTHX B 12 o6nacTxx Y KpaHHbi ( cTpyKTYPY Bbr6opKrr
CMOTpH B Ta6Jiuu;e 1.1). ~nx cpaBHeHrrx pe3ynhTaTOB, rrccne.n;oBaHrre TaK)I(e oxBaTbmano
)J;eB5ITb HepeopraHH30BaHHbiX X035IHCTB H OKOJIO 100 He3aBHCHMbiX qaCTHbiX cpepMepOB.


3.1. OpzaHU3GlfUOHHble ifJopMbl u MoOe!lu peopzaHU3GlfUU

      CBbiiiie    60%        X035IHCTB, oxBaqeHHbiX rrccne.n;oBaHrreM, 3aperrrcTprrpoBanHCb B KaqecTBe
KonneKTHBHbiX                  cenbCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX                 rrpe.n;rrpH5ITHH        (KCIT,        OcpHI(HanbHbiX
rrpaBOIIpeeMHHKOB COBeTCKHX KOJIX030B) H KOMIIaHHH C orpaHrrqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTbiO
(Ta6JIHD;a 3.1). Eme 30% X035IHCTB orrpe.n;enHnHCb KaK aKI(HOHepHbie KOMIIaHHH H "qacTHbie
apeH.IJ;Hbie      rrpe.n;rrprrxTrrx".       XoTx    "qacTHOe           apeH.n;Hoe      rrpe.n;rrprrxTrre"   He        xBnxeTcx
ocpHI!HMbHO IIpH3HaHHOH cpOpMOH opraHH3al(HH, 3TO IIOH5ITHe IIIHpOKO HCIIOJ1b3yeTC5I )J;J15I
0603HaqeHH5I HOBbiX X035IHCTB B yrrpaBneHHH e.IJ;HHOJ1HqHOfO cpepMepa, KOTOpbiH )J;OIIOJ1H5IeT
CBOH C06CTBeHHbiH 3eMeJ1bHbiH Ha.n;en 3eMne:H:, apeH)J;OBaHHOH y .n;pyrrrx qacTHbiX JIHI( HJIH
X035IHCTB.        Bee         qacTHbie      apeH.n;Hhie        rrpe.n;rrprrxTrrx     6biJIH       yqacTHHKaMH         rrpoeKTa
peopraHH3al(HH X035IHCTB              AMP ClllA/"PoHKo", KOTOpbiH co3.n;aeT rrpe.n;rrochiJIKH .n;nx 3To:H:
opraHH3a!IHOHHOH cpopMbi.


           Ta6Jiuu;a 3.1. Pacrrpe.n;eneHrre X035IHCTB rro cpopMaM opraHH3au;rrrr (% X035IHCTB B
                                                   Ka)l(.n;o:H: KaTeroprrrr)

                                                       Bcsr Bhi6opKa         "0TKOJIOBlliHecsr"        "HeoTKOJIOBlliHeCSI

                                                                                   X03SillCTBa*          "X03SillCTBa*

    KonneKTHBHoe ceJibCKOX03srH:cTBeHHOe                        31                       6                     45
    npe.n;nprrsrTHe

    KoMnaHHSI c orpaHWieHHOH                                    31                     55                        18
    OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO

    AKU:HOHepHasr KOMnaHHSI                                      15                     3                      21
    qaCTHOe apeH)J,HOe npe.n;npHSITHe                            13                     19                      9
    ArpoqmpMa                                                    6                      13                      2
    ITpoqHe cpopMhi                                              4                       4                      5
                                 ~



      *"0TKOJIOBIIIHeCSI X03HHCTBa" C03)],3IOTCH B pe3yJibT3Te paCKOJia 6onee KpyiiHOrO 6hiBIIIero rrpeJ],IIpHHTHH Ha
     HeCKOJibKO    IOpH)l,WieCKHX    JIHU   BO    BpeMH    peopraHH33UHH;      "HeOTKOJIOBIIIHeCH"      X03HHCTB3     HBJIHIOTCH
     npeJ],IIpHHTHRMH-IIpaBOIIpeeMHHK3MH,          C03)],3HHhiMH       Ha   OCHOBe       6a30BOrO    CeJihCKOX03HHCTBeHHOro
     rrpe)l,npHHTHSI nocpe)l,CTBOM peopraHmaui-m       1: 1.

      HeKOTOpbre X035IHCTBa coo6mrrnrr, qTo 6biJIH c03.n;aHbi B pe3ynhTaTe pacKona 6onee
Kpyrmoro cenbCKOX0351HCTBeHHoro rrpe.n;rrprr51TH51 Ha HeCKOJibKO IOprr.n;rrqecKHX nHI!. Mbr
OTHOCHM HX K "OTKOJ10BIIIHMC51 X0351HCTBaM". 3Ta rpyrrrra BKJ1IOqaeT X0351HCTBa, KOTOpbie B
rrpOI!eCce peopraHH3a!IIIH MOfJIH 3HaqrrTeJibHO )'MeHbiiiHTbC51 B pa3Mepax. "0TKOJ10BIIIHeC51
X0351HCTBa"           (1/3     Bbi60pKH)     KaK     rrpaBHJIO        peopraHH30BbiBMHCb              KaK   KOMIIaHHH         C
orpaHrrqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTbiO, qaCTHbie apeH)J;Hbie rrpe.n;rrpH51TH51 II arpocpHpMbi                                   (90%
rpyrrrrhr). ITpaKTrrqecKrr HH o.n;Ho H3 "oTKonoBIIIHXC51 X0351HCTB" He 6hiJIO 3aperrrcTprrpoBaHo
B     KaqeCTBe         aKI(HOHepHOH         KOMIIaHHH          HJIH     KOnneKTHBHOfO             cenbCKOX0351HCTBeHHOfO
22                   YKpaww: o63op onbzma peopzaHU3GlfUU ce!lbCKOX035liicmeeHHblX npeiJnpU5lmuii



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                    3.        Pe3ynbmambz peopzaHU3GlJUU xo3Riicme: OaHHbze, co6paHHbze Ha Mecmax                                              23


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24                 YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHU3GlJUU ceJlbCKOX03flUCm6eHHblX npeonpURmuu



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26                YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHu3a71uu ceJibCKoxo3Rucm6eHHblX npeonpURmuii



                Ta6JIHU:a 3.6.      KaK aKl(HOHepbi TIOCTYTIHJIH CO CBOHMH 3eMeJibHhiMH TIMMH?                              (o/o
                 aKIUIOHepOB B X035IHCTBaX, C03.UaHHbiX                6onee qeM 40 yqpe,nHTeJI.HMH)
                                     Bee xo3-       "KaprHim"/EpHT.           M<l>K          "PoHKo"/          )J;o6poBOJihHa~

                                          sa        cpoH)J, "Hoy-Xay"                     AMPClllA             peopraHH3aU.H~


 HHsecTHposanH B                          31                   3                0                31                   45
 aKU.HOHepHbiH KaTIHTaJI

 C)J,aJIH B apeH.D.Y c/x                  50                85                64+34              65                   21
 npe)J.rrpH~THIO


 ITpo.D.aJIH                              0                    0                0                  0                   0
 rrpe)J,rrpH~THIO


 ITepe.D.aJIH                             13                12                  2                  0                   17
 npe)J.rrpH~THIO


 ITpoqHe                                  6                    0                --                 3                   3

         Xo3.HHCTBa coo6m:HJIH, qTo B                   cpe,nHeM nnaT.HT 3a HcrroJih30BaHHe o,nHoro                           5    ra
3eMeJibHoro TIM oKono        170 rpH. (70 .nonnapoB CIIIA). flHinh 1/3 3Toil CYMMhi onnaqHBaeTc.H
HaJIIfqHI>IMH,     OCTaJihHhie 2/3 - B HaTYPaJihHOM Bhipa)l(eHHH. ITrneHHl(a .HBJI.HeTc.H ocHOBHOH
TOBapHOH         KYJII>Typoil,       HCTIOJih3yeMOH        B       KaqecTBe     cpe,nCTBa        HarypanbHhiX           BhiTIJiaT
aKl(HOHepaM: no coo6meHH.HM HaH6oni>rnero qlfcna aKl(HOHepoB                              (30%)        nrneHHl(a cocTaBJI.HeT
nOJIOBHHY BCeX BhiTIJiaT aKl(HOHepaM B HaTypaJibHOM Bbipa)l(eHHH. Bee npoqHe TOBapHhie
KYJII>Typni     (BKmoqM           MyKy,    caxap,     pacTHTeJihHoe        Macno,      npo,nyKThi         )l(lfBOTHOBO.UCTBa)
.HBJI.HIOTC.H, no C006Il(eHH.HM, cpe,nCTBOM OnJiaTbi HaTypoil .UJI.H MeHee qeM                           10 pecnoH,neHTOB          B
Bhi6opKe.


3. 3. YnpaeJzeHue xo3JtucmeGMu

     Pacnpe.neneHHe               3eMeJihHhiX     H     HMymecTBeHHhiX                naeB       pa6oTHHKaM           .HBJI.HeTC.H
npe,nnOCbillKOH             BHyTpeHHero          neperpynnHpOBaHH.H                  npOH3BO.lJ:HTeJibHhiX            CHJI         B
X035IHCTBeHHbiX            no,npa3,neJieHH.HX,      6onee      npHCnOC06JieHHhiX             K    pa6oTe       B   pbiHOqHhiX
ycnoBH.HX. TaKHM o6pa30M, nepexo.n K aBTOHOMHhiM <l>YHKl(HOHaJihHbiM no,npa3,neneHH5IM
5IBJI5IeTC5I    O.lJ:HHM     H3    OCHOBHhiX      MeponpH.HTHH          BHyTpeHHeH           peopraHH3al(HH           6biBillHX
KOJIJieKTHBOB Ha 3Tane peopraHH3al(HH,                      cne.nyromeM nocne pacnpe,neneHH.H naeB.                           70%
X035IHCTB B Bbi60pKe COXpaH.HIOT opraHbi l(eHTpaJIH30BaHHOf0 ynpaBJieHH.H no o6pa3U.Y
6hiBillHX KOJIJieKTHBOB; C ,npyroil CTOpOHbi                   30%    X035IHCTB C006IliaiOT, qTo OHH He HMeiOT
l(eHTpaJibHOfO pyKOBO.UCTBa If OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb, no-BH.lJ:HMOMy, CMeCTHJiaCb B 60JibllieH
cTeneHH Ha ypoBeHh no,npa3,neneHHH.


     B   X03.HHCTBax         c    u.eHTpaJIH30BaHHhiM ynpaBJieHHeM                   nnaHHpoBaHHe npoH3BO.UCTBa H
KOHTpOJib        3a   no,npa3,neJieHH.HMH           .HBJI.HIOTC.H    OCHOBHbiMH         <}JyHKl(H.HMH          l(eHTpaJibHOfO
pyKoBo,ncTBa       (Ta6JIHU:a 3. 7).       O,nHaKo, KpoMe 3TOH ocHOBHOH <l_>yHKl(HH, u.eHTpaJIH30BaHHOe
ynpaBJieHHe        XapaKTepH3yeTC.H            BbiCOKOH        CTeneHbiO      BMelliaTeJibCTBa           BO     BCe   acneKTbi
X035IHCTBeHHOH             ,ne.HTeJibHOCTH,      BKJIIOqa.H         npHo6peTeHHe          MaTepHaJibHO-TeXHifqecKHX
pecypCOB,         peaJIH3al(HIO        npo,nyKl(HH,         OTHOilleHH.H        C      6aHKaMH           If    <l_>HHaJ-ICOBhiMH
opraHH3al(H.HMH             H      pyKOBO.UCTBO        Ka,npaMH.        lllHpOKOMacrnTa6Hoe                   BMerna:reJibCTBO
u.eHTpaJibHoro pyKoBo,ncTBa B xo3.HHCTBeHHYIO ,ne.HTeJibHOCTh 6e3ycnoBHO .HBJI.HeTc.H qepToil,
yHaCJie,noBaHHOH           OT KOJIJieKTHBHOH          opraHH3al(HH H, nO-BH.UHMOMy,                     CBH,L(eTeJibCTByeT 0
He3HaqHTeJibHhiX           H3MeHeHH.HX         BHYTPH    3THX       X035IHCTB    If .UO      CHX       nop noBepXHOCTHOH
                   3.   Pe3y!lbmambr peopzaHU3alJUU X03Jlucme: iJaHHble, co6paHHble Ha Mecmax                                27


peopram13ai.J;HH.       B     X03.HikTsax 6e3 u;eHTpaJibHoro pyKoso,n:cTsa rro,n:pa3,n:eneHH.H HMeiOT
ropa3,n:O     60JibiiiYfO      CTerreHb       He3aBHCHMOCTH        B     pa31IU'1HbiX       ccpepax       X03.HHCTBeHHOH
,n:e.HTeJibHOCTH, qeM B X03.HHCTBaX, COXpaH.HIOII.J;HX I.J;eHTpaJIH30BaHHOe yrrpaBJieHHe                        (Ta6JIUIJ;a
3.8).    Pa3JIHqHe      Me)l(,n:y     3THMH     JJ:BYM.H   rpyrrrraMH       X03.HHCTB   oco6eHHO          rrpo.HBJI.HeTC.H   B
cpHHaHCOBbiX        orrepai.J;H.HX      ( C06CTBeHHbiH       6aHKOBCKHH         cqeT,   ,ll;OCTYII    K     Kpe,n:HTaM)      H
IIpHo6peTeHHH CeJibCKOX03.HHCTBeHHbiX MaTepHaJibHO-TeXHHqeCKHX pecypCOB.


          Ta6Jiuu;a 3.7.      <!>yHKI.J;HH I.J;eHTpaJibHOrO pyKOBO,ll;CTBa       (%   OT KOJIHqecTBa X03.HHCTB B
   Bhi6opKe ( 61)       - 71%    OT o6II.J;eH: Bbi6opKH - coo6II.J;HBIIIHX o u;eHTpaJibHOM pyKoso,n:cTBe)

  IlJiaHHpOBaHHe IIpOH3BOJJ:CTBa H KOHTpOJib 3a IIO,n:pa3,n:eneHH.SJMH                                     90
  Koop,n:HHaJ..(H.SI rrpoH3Bo,n:cTBeHHOH ,n:eHTeJibHOCTH B no,n:pa3,n:eneHHHX                              49
  ITpe,n:ocTaBneHHe X03HHCTBeHHhiX ycnyr no,n:pa3,n:eneHHHM                                                41
  ITpe,n:ocTaBneHHe 3KcnepTHhiX ycnyr no,n:pa3,n:eneHHHM                                                   43
  ITpe,n:ocTaBneHHe a,n:MHHHCTpaTHBHhiX ycnyr                                                              39
  IJpHo6peTeHHe CeJlbCKOX03HHCTBeHHhiX MaTepHa!lbHO-TeXHH'1eCKHX                                           54
  pecypcoB ,n:nH no,n:pa3,n:eneHHH

  PeanH3aQHH npo,n:yKQHH                                                                                   53
  0THOIIIeHHH C 6aHKaMH H cpHHaHCOBbiMH opraHH3aQHHMH                                                      46
  Ka,n:poBoe pyKoBo,n:cTBo, BKJli0'1aH HaeM H yBOJlhHeHHe                                                  49

        Ta6Jiuu;a 3.8.   He3aBHCHMOCTb rro,n:pa3,n:eneHHH              (% pecrroH,n:eHTOB B     Ka)l(,n:OH KaTeropHH)
   Ccpepbi X03HHCTBeHHOH               Bee X03HHCTBa            Xo3HHCTBa c                     Xo3HHCTBa 6e3

         ,n:eHTeJlhHOCTH, B                                 QeHTpa!lH30BaHHbiM               QeHTpa!lH30BaHHOrO

             KOTOpblX                                       ynpaBneHHeM       (71%)           ynpaBJleHHH       (29%)
          no,n:pa3,n:eneHHH

   ,n:eHCTBYIOT He3aBHCHMO

  IlJiaHHpOBaHHe H                            52                       62                                 41
  ynpaBneHHe

  npOH3BOJJ:CTBOM

  IlpHo6peTeHHe                                9                        7                                 24
  MaTepHa!lbHO-

  TeXHH'1eCKHX pecypCOB

  PeanH3aQHH npo,n:yKQHH                       16                       15                                29
  Co6cTBeHHhiH                                 11                        8                                24
  6aHKOBCKHH C'1eT

  ,ll;ocryn K Kpe,n:HTaM                       8                        5                                 24
  Co6cTBeHHhiH                                 15                       15                                24
  a,n:MHHHCTpaTHBHhiH

  nepcoHan

  HaeM/yBoJlhHeHHe                            20                       20                                 29

    PyKoso,n:HTeJIH o,n:H03HaqHo coo6II.J;aiOT o6 orrpe,n:eneHHhiX H3MeHeHH.HX B Tpy,n:oBbiX
OTHoiiieHH.HX rrocne peoprami3au;mL TaK,                     69%   pyKoBo,n:HTeneH: coo6II.J;HJIH o HeKoTopoM
coKpaii.J;eHHH     pa6oqeif         CHJihi,   qTo,   6e3ycnoBHO,       cornacyeTc.H     c    o6II.J;HM     YMeHbiiieHHeM
28                   YKpauHa: o63op onbzma peopzaHU3GlfUU ceJlbCKOX03Rucm6eHHblX npeonpU5!muu



pa3MepOB          X035IilcTB    BO    BpeM5!     peopramnaUHIL           50%        pyKOBO,[(HTeJieH          OTMeTHJIH       TaK)Ke
HeKOTOpbie            IIOJIO)Kl!TeJibHbie         H3MeHeHH5!        B      IIOBe,neHHH          pa60THHKOB-aKUHOHepOB
( o6beJJ:HHeHHhiX B II5!Th rroBe,neHqecKHX rrepeMeHHhiX, BKmoqa5J TPYJJ:OBYJO JJ:HCUH:IIJIHHY,
MOTHBaUHIO pa60THHKOB, Kpa)KH, paCIIHBaHHe CIIHpTHhiX HaiiHTKOB Ha pa6oqeM MeCTe,
y,noBrreTBopeHHOCTh             pa6oTHHKOB         pa6oTOH:).       Eorree     rro,npo6HM         HHcpopMaUH5!           o6       3THX
H3MeHeHH5IX rrpe,ncTaBJieHa B              rJiaBe 7.

      3. 4.   T..JacmHble X0351:UCm6a 61le KO!llleKmU61lblX paMOK


      Hccrre,noBaHHe oxBaTHrro 6orree              100      qacTHhiX cpepMepcKHX X035I:iicTB B Tex )Ke pall:oHax,
me HaX0,[(5ITC5! CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbie rrpe,niipH5ITH5!. 3TH qaCTHbie cpepMepCKHe X035IHCTBa
KaK     IIpaBHJIO      C03,[(aBaJIHCb      B    TeqeHHe       1992 -     1995       rr.   (rroqTH    80%        peCIIOH,[(eHTOB).
ITpaKTHqecKH           Bee     X035IHCTBa       3aperHcTpHpoBaHhi.            PerHcTpauH5!         rrpoH3BO,nHrracb           B    ro.n
C03,[(aHH5!         X035IHCTB        (JIHIIIh    rrepBbie       X035IHCTBa,         C03,[(aHHhie         B     1991-1992           rr.,
3aperHCTpHpOBaJIHCb              O,[(HHM-JJ:BYM5l       ro,naMH     II03)Ke        BBHJJ:Y    OTCYTCTBH5!         ocpHUHaJihHbiX
pemCTpaUHOHHhiX rrpoue.nyp B Haqarre rrpouecca).


      C030aHue        4acmHblX X03Riicm6.              qacTHI>Ie xo35IHCTBa KaK rrpaBHJIO co3,naiOTC5! o,nHoll:
CeMbeH, XOT5!          10%     X035IHCTB HaX0,[(5ITC5! B yrrpaBJieHHH .D:Byx HJIH Tpex CeMeH.                             B       3TOM
OTHOIIIeHHH          qaCTHbie      X035IHCTBa B         Y KpaHHe     MO)KHO        OXapaKTepH30BaTb              KaK CeMeHHbie
X035IHCTBa. Cpe,nHee cpepMepcKoe X035IHCTBO HacqHThiBaeT                                  4   qerroBeKa;       70% ,noMaiiiHHX
X035IHCTB B Bbi60pKe C006IUHJIH, qTo KOJIHqeeTBeHHhiH eoCTaB HX eeMell:                                         3 - 5 qeJIOBeK.
JIHIIIh       20%   eeMell: )KHBYT B eBoeM X035!HeTBe; ,[(Be TpeTH eeMeH )KliBYT B ,nepeBHe, me
paerroJio)KeHo         HX xo35Ill:eTBO.         TaKHM o6pa30M, paeeT05IHHe ,no                    X035!HeTBa He 5IBJI5IeTe5!
60JiblliOH rrpo6rreMOH. <l>aKTHqeeKH Bee eeMhli )Kl!BYT B eo6eTBeHHOM qaeTHOM ,[(OMe;                                              1/3
eeMeH eoo6IUHJIH, qTO IIJiaHHpYJOT IIOeTpOHTh HOBbiH ,[(OM B TeqeHHe 6JIH)KaHIIIHX )~Byx JieT.
KpoMe eBoero qaeTHOrO X035!HeTBa, Bee eeMbH cpepMepoB HMeiOT IIpHyea,ne6HbiH yqaeTOK.


              Ta6mn:J;a 3.9. ITpHqHHhi )KeJiaHH5! eTaTh qaeTHhiM cpepMepoM (% peerroH,neHToB)
                                                        I      Bee pecnOH.JWHTbi              I O.zvm sapwaHT OTBeTa
 )l{enaHwe pa6oTaTb caMoCT05ITeJihHO,                                  45%                                     38%
 6e3 pyKoBOAHTeneii
 BI>IHy)K)l.eHhi scne)l.CTBHe                                           32%                                    35%
 He)l,OCTaT04HbiX )l,OXO)l,OB B pe3yJihTaTe
 pa60Tbl B KOJIJieKTHBHOM X0351lfcTBe
 )l{enaHwe o6ecne4HTh 6yAymee )l.eT51M                                 28%                                     16%
 )l{enaHwe 6oJibiiie 3apa6aTbiBaTb                                     22%                                     6%

      OcHoBHI>Ie rrpHqHHhi )KeJiaHH5! cTan qacTHhiM cpepMepoM ,neMOHeTpHpyeT                                      Ta6mm,a 3.9.
TpeTh peCIIOH,[(eHTOB YKa3arra HeCKOJibKO IIpHqHH; TaKHM o6pa30M, HX OTBeTbi COeTaBJI5IIOT
6orree        100%.     ITpHqHHhi,         yKa3aHHhie         2/3   pecrroH,neHTOB,           OTBeTHBIIIHX           o,nHo3HaqHo,
,neMOHCTpHpyeT rrocrre,nH5!5! KOJIOHKa                      Ta6JIHIJ,hi 3.9. XoT5! rroKa3aTeJIH, Bbipa)KeHHhie B
rrpoueHTaX, OTJIHqaiOTe5!, HaH6orree Ba)KHOH IIpHqHHOH OCTaeTC5! O,[(Ha: HeCOOTBeTeTBYJOIUHH
,[(OXO,[(     B     pe3yJII>TaTe      pa60Thi      B     KOJIJieKTHBHOM            X035!HeTBe       II       )KeJiaHHe    o6peeTH
He3aBHCHMOCTb.


      ,[(Be TpeTH cpepMepOB paHee pa60TaJIH B KOJIJieKTHBHOM X035IHCTBe. 0eTaJibHa5I qaeTb
pecrroH,neHTOB pa60Tarra B                 ccpepe ycrryr HJIH rrpOMhiiiiJieHHOCTH.                   HI>meiiiHHe         cpepMepi>I
3aHHMaJIH           OTHOeHTeJibHO         BbieOKOe          IIOJIO)KeHHe      Ha     rrpe)I{HeH      pa6oTe:         JIHUib       10%
                    3.    Pe3Yllbmambz peopzaHu3a1Juu X03Rucm6: OaHHbze, co6paHHbze Ha Mecmax                                        29


peCIIOH)l.eHTOB          OTHOCHJIHCb           K    qHCJIY    HeKBa.rmqmu;HpOBaHHbiX               pa6oqH:X     HJIH      MJia)l,IIIeMy
a)l.MHHHCTpaTHBHOMY               rrepCOHa.Jiy;          OCTa.JibHbie       6hiJIH     yrrpaBJieHqecKHMH          pa60THHKaMH,
rrpocpeCCHOHa.JibHbiMH CIIei.(Ha.JIHCTa.MH HJIH rrpoqHMH KBa.JIHcpHI.J;HpOBaHHbiMH pa60THHKaMH.
PecnOH)l.eHTOB MO)KHO paBHOMepHo pa3)l.eJIHTh Ha 3TH TPH Ka.TeropHH; Ta.KHM o6pa30M,
rrpesanHposaHHe            6biBIIIHX           pyKoBO)l.HTeneii           KOJIJieKTHBHhiX       X035IHCTB       cpe)l.H     qacTHhiX
cpepMepOB OTCYTCTByeT.


          Ta6mn.1,a 3.10.       qTo rronyqHJIH qacTHhie cpepMepbi rrpH BhiXO)l.e H3 KOJIJieKTHBHoro
                         CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOrO rrpe)l.IIpH5ITH5I?                    (% peCIIOH,Jl.eHTOB)
    He nonyqmm HHqero                                                                           55%
       ITaH B co6CTseHHOCTH c/x rrpe)l.npmiTWI                                                                         14%
       Pacnpe)l.eJieHHe rraes He 3aBepweHo                                                                             10%
    ITonyqHJIH 3eMeJihHhie HJIH HMyrn:ecTBeHHhie naH                                             19%
    ITonyqHJIH 3eMeJihHhie naH                                                                   10%
       B CTOHMOCTHOM Bhipa)KeHHH                                                                                       0%
       Y qacTOK 3eMJIH                                                                                                 10%
    ITonyqHJIH HMyrn:ecTBeHHhie naH                                                              13%
       B   CTOHMOCTHOM Bhipa)KeHHH                                                                                      1%
       <DH3HqecKHe aKTHBbl                                                                                             12%
    He ,ZJ,aJIH OTBeTa                                                                          26%

      bOJibiiiHHCTBO cpepMepOB              (55%       H, Bep05ITHO, 60JibliiM qaCTb H3               26%,    He )l,a.BIIIHX OTBeTa
B      Ta6JIHIJ,e        3.10)          HH:qero        He     IIOJiyqHJIH       npH         BbiXO)l.e    H3      KOJIJieKTHBHOrO
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOrO rrpe)l.IIpH5ITH5I, qTO COOTBeTCTByeT BbiBO)l.y 0 TOM, qTo OKOJIO                                          50%
cpepMepOB cpaKTHqeCKH He BJia)l,eiOT 3eMJieii: HX X035IHCTBa Ha HbiHeiiiHeM :Harre 5IBJI5IIOTC5I
apeH)l.HhiMH rrpe)l.npH5ITH5IMH. 0Kono                      114   pecrroH,Jl.eHTOB YKa3a.JIH, qTo O)KH,Jl.a.IOT rronyqeHH5I
CBOHX 3eMeJibHhiX H HMymecTBeHHhiX rraes rrocne 3asepiiieHH5I rrpou;ecca pacrrpe)l.eJieHH5I B
CBOeM 6biBIIIeM KOJIJieKTHBHOM CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOM rrpe)l.IIpH5ITHH. JIH:IIIb                                  19%      OTBeTHJIH
IIOJIO)KH:TeJibHO Ha BOIIpOC 0 IIOJiyqeHHH 3eMeJibHbiX HJIH HMyii.J;eCTBeHHbiX rraeB OT 6biBIIIero
KOJIJieKTHBHoro          ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHoro                   rrpe)l.npH5ITH5I.      Pacrrpe)l.eJieHHe     ocymecTBJI5IJIOCb
IIOBCeMeCTHO B Ha.Type; 0 BbiKyrre rraeB 3a Ha.JIHqHbie Cpe)l.CTBa B Bhi6opKe He Coo6maeTC5I.
Cpe)l.HHii 3eMeJibHhiH rraii HeMHOrHx pecrroH)l.eHTOB, coo6mHBIIIHX o6 3TOH HHcpopMau;HH,
COCTaBJI5IeT     8 ra.   Cpe)l.HHH HMyii.J;eCTBeHHbiH rraii paBH5IeTC5I OKOJIO                       500 rpH.

      BhiXO)l.     H3    KOJIJieKTHBHoro              X035IHCTBa      c    3eMeJihHhiM        HJIH    HMymecTBeHHhiM             rraeM
oqesH)l.HO       Tpe6yeT o)l.o6peHH5I                o6mero       co6pa.HH5I    aKu;HoHepos.          HHKaKHe )l.pyme           BH)l.hi
O)l.06peHH5I pyKOBO)l.CTBOM HJIH BJiaCT5IMH He Tpe6YIQTC5I.                                  3Ty TOqKy 3peHH5I Bblpa3HJIH
rrpaKTH:qecKH Bee peCIIOH)l.eHTbi, OTBeqaBIIIHe Ha COOTBeTCTBYIOII.J;HH BOIIpOC, XOT5I 6onee
IIOJIOBHHbl peCIIOH)l.eHTOB He BbiCKa3a.JIH CBOero MHeHH5I.


      B    TO speM5I Ka.K 6oJibiiiM qacTb qacTHhiX cpepMepcKHX X035IHCTB co3)l.aeTc5I O,Jl.Hoii
CeMheH,       rroqTH     IIOJIOBHHa cpepMepOB                 C006Iu;HJIH,     qTO     HX qacTHOe X035IHCTBO                5IBJI5IeTC5I
qaCTbiO X035IHCTBeHHOrO 06ne)l.HHeHH5I. qHCJIO qJieHOB o6ne)l.HHeHH5I BapbHpyeTC5I OT                                            3   )1.0
rroqTH      900.    Cpe)l.Hee           o6ne,Jl.HHeHHe        HacqHThiBaeT           50    X035IHCTB;     50%      o6ne)l.HHeHHii
HacqMTbiBa.JIH OT          40    )1.0    200       X035IHCTB. 3TH 06ne)l.HHeHH5I rrpeHMyii.J;eCTBeHHO 5IBJI5IIOTC5I
CepBHCHbiMH         KOOrrepaTHBaMH:                  90%     qJieHOB       06ne)l.HHeHHH       B     Bbi60pKe     C006Iu;HJIH        06
MCIIOJib30BaHHM 06ne)l.HHeHMH )l.JI5I IIpHo6peTeHH5I Ma.TepHaJibHO-TeXHHqecKHX pecypCOB H
rrpo)l.a)KH    CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOH                  rrpo)l.yKI.J;HH.    06ne,Jl.HHeHH5I )l.aJieKH         OT Tpa)l.HI.J;HOHHOH
cpopMbl rrpOH3BO)l.CTBeHHOrO KOorrepaTHBa, rrpe)l.CTaBJieHHOrO 6hiBIIIHMH KOJIJieKTHBHbiMH
30                YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHu3at~uu ce!lbCKOX03RikmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu



X035IHCTBaMR: no coo6rn;eH:H5IM,                     85%        qJieHOB 06be,n:H:HeH:HH CaMOCT05ITeJibHO ynpaBJI5IIOT
CBO:HM npO:H3BO.IJ:CTBOM, ern;e              10% -         Ha OCHOBe 06be.IJ:H:HeHHbiX npO:H3BO.IJ:CTBeHHbiX yc:HJI:HH,
KOr,n:a    CaMOCT05lTeJibHOCTb               ¢epMepa              nO,n:KpenJI5leTC5l           COBMeCTHOH             npOll3BO.IJ:CTBeHHOH
,n:e5ITeJihHOCTbiO qneHOB o6be.IJ:H:HeH:H5l. ITpaKT:HqecK:H Bee pecnoH,n:eHTbi cq:HTaiOT, qTo HMeiOT
nOJIHyiO CB06o,n:y B np:HH5IT:Hll perneH:HH KaCaTeJibHO                                 npO:H3BO.IJ:CTBa ll npO.IJ:a:lKll npo,n:yKIJ;llll
ll     5IBJ15IIOTC5l     X035leBaMll           pe3yJibTaTOB               CBOero           Tpy,n:a        ll     CBO:HX     .IJ:OXO.IJ:OB     OT
ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOH.IJ:e5lTeJibHOCTll.


          3eM!lfl e tJacmHblX rjJepMepcKux X03flucmeax.                            Cpe,n:Hee X035IHCTBo B Bbi6opKe nMeeT                      40
ra, np:H 3TOM nOJIOBH:Ha X035IHCTB llMeeT OT                               10   .IJ:O   50   ra. 3eMJI5l B qacTHbiX X035IHCTBaX
npe:HMyrn;ecTBeHHO             naxoTHM              (90%       Ha.n:enoB).      Kon:HqecTBO               oT,n:eJibHO     pacnoJIO)I(eHHbiX
yqacTKOB COCTaBJI5leT OT                1   .IJ:O    8,    B cpe,n:HeM        2.        LJeTKOH 3aBH:CllMOCTll Me)l(,n:y q:HCJIOM
yqacTKOB ll pa3MepaMll Ha,n:eJIOB He cyrn;eCTByeT.




                                CTpyKTypa 3eMnenonb30BaHHSI e "4aCTHbiX xo3S~HcTeax




                                               4aCTH851
                                            C06CTB9HHOCTb
                                                    34%


                               PHCYHOK      3.2.




       3eMJIIO B qaCTHbiX X035IHCTBaX nonyqaiOT ll3 .IJ:Byx OCHOBHbiX llCTOqHllKOB: OKOJIO                                                  1/3 -
3TO 3eMJI5l B qaCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTll, noqT:H nOJIOBH:Ha 3eMJill -                                                apeH,n:yeTC5l ( OCTaJibHa5I
qacTb      coxpaH5leTc5l        B    cTapoll:,       TaK       Ha3biBaeMoll:         ¢opMe          Hacne.n:yeMoro        e!laOeHU5l).       3To
cpe,n:H5l5l CTPYKTypa 3eMnenoJib30BaH:H5l B Bbi6opKe                                    (Puc. 3.2),            o,n:HaKo, no pe3yJibTaTaM
o6cJie.IJ:OBaHll5l, 6onee           40%   qaCTHbiX X035IHCTB ¢aKT:HqeCKll He BJia,n:eiOT 3eMJiell:: BC5l 3eMJI5l
apeH,n:yeTC5l. I1o.n:o6Ho npe)l(H:HM o6cne,n:oBaHR5IM B pemoHe EBponhi :H Cpe,n:Hell: A3llll,
apeH,n:a     3eMJill     lli:HpOKO        H:CnOJib3yeTC5l           B     KaqeCTBe           Cpe,n:CTBa          yBeJI:HqeH:H5l     pa3MepoB
¢epMepcKoro X035IHCTBa.                45%      X035IHCTB B Bbi6opKe coo6rn;:HJill, qTO OHll apeH,n:yiOT 3eMJIIO;
3TH:    X035IHCTBa        B     cpe,n:HeM           KpynHee         X035IHCTB,            He    apeH,n:yiO:ru;llX         3eMJIIO    ( 60      ra
np:HMeHH:TeJibHO          K    X035IHCTBaM,               apeH,n:yiO:ru;llM        3eMJIIO     ll    25     ra    -   K   X035IHCTBaM,        He
apeH.IJ:yiOIIJ;llM      3eMJIIO;       pa3H:HIJ;a          B     pa3Mepax            5IBJI5leTC5l      CTaT:HCT:HqecK:H           3Haq:HMOH).
Cy:w;ecTByeT           oqeHb    TecHa5l       3aB:HC:HMOCTb             Me)l(.IJ:y      pa3MepaM:H             X035IHCTBa   :H    nnoma,n:biO
                    3.    Pe3y!lbmambt peopcaHU3Gtfuu X03Rucme: oaHHbte, co6paHHbte Ha Mecmax                                          31


apeH,ll,yeMOH 3eMnH H ropa3,ll,O 6onee cna6a5I 3aBHCHMOCTb Me)J(,ll,y pa3MepaMH X0351HCTBa H
KOMIIOHeHTOM 3eMnH B qaCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH.                                          3TO IIO,ll,Kperrn51eT BbiBO,ll, 0       TOM, qTo
X0351HCTBa pacTyT rnaBHbiM o6pa30M 6naro,ll,ap51 apeH,ll,e, a He HaKorrneHHIO 3eMnH B qaCTHOH
co6cTBeHHOCTH Ha ocHoBe orrepau;rrll: Kyrrnrr-rrpoJJ:a)J(H (nHIIIb OJJ:HH pecrroHJJ:eHT coo6IIJ;rrn o
rrprro6peTeHHH 3eMnrr: rroKyrrKa cocTaBn51na                            I ,50   ra 3a    600   rpH. rrnrr oKono        240   ,ll,onnapoB
CiliA; coo6IIJ;eHH51 o rrpo,ll,a)J(e 3eMnH pecrrOHJJ:eHTaMrr OTCYTCTBYIDT).                                                            ·


    TpaJJ:HU:HOHHO 3eMn51 B YKparrHe apeHJJ:yeTC51 H3 rocyJJ:apcTBeHHoro pe3epBa rrnrr y
MeCTHOrO KonneKTHBHOrO X0351HCTBa. 0)l;HaKO, IIOqTH                                       20%    peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB, OXBaqeHHbiX
rrccne,ll,oBaHHeM,         coo6IIJ;rrnrr   o6     apeHJJ:e         3eMnH         y    qacTHbiX     nrru:,    o   qeM     HHKOrJJ:a     He
YIIOMHHanOCb B rrpe)J(HHX o6cne,ll,OBaHH51X                             (TafiJIHD;a 3.11).        0Kono       20%      peCIIOH)l;eHTOB
rrcrroni>3yeT TPaJJ:HU:HOHHhiH KaHan apeHJJ:hi 3eMnH y                                   rocy,ll,apcTBa;     eiiJ;e   I 0%   apeHJJ:YJOT
3eMniO      y KOnneKTHBHbiX X0351HCTB (a TaK)J(e H3 HeKoTopbiX JJ:pyrrrx rrcToqHHKOB). PmBHTHe
pbiHKOB apeH)l;bi 3eMnH, HaXO,ll,51IIJ;eHC51 B qaCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH, B OTnrrqrre OT 3eMnH B
rocy,ll,apCTBeHHOH          H     KonneKTHBHOH                  C06CTBeHHOCTH,             51Bn51eTC51      HOBbiM     Bbi,ll,aiOIIJ;HMC51
pa3BHTHeM C06biTHH, BbiTeKaiOIIJ;HX H3 HaCT051IIJ;ero o6cne,ll,OBaHH51.


                                Ta6JIHo;a 3.11.         ApeH,ll,a 3eMnH qacTHhiMH ¢epMepaMH
                                                 Bcero                           J1cToqmfKI1 apeH,ll,OBaHHOH 3eMJII1
                                                                    qacTHbie Jm~a              focy,ll,apcTBo         KoJIJieKTHBHoe
                                                                                                                        X03SIHCTBO

  PecrroH,ll,eHThi, apeH.ll.YIOIIJ,He               45%                         17%                 18%                      12%
  3eMJIIO

  % apeH,l),OBaHHOH 3eMJilf                         46%                         19%                 15%                      12%
  CpoK apeH,ll,hi                                                         3-5 JieT               I- 5 JieT             10- 15 JieT

    3eMn51 rnaBHbiM o6pa30M apeH)l;yeTC51 Ha cpe,ll,HHH CpOK                                   (Ta6JIHD;a 3.11):        ,ll,OrOBOpbi o6
apeH)l;e    3aKnJOqaJOTC51            CpOKOM    )1;0        5    neT,    XOT51       He3HaqrrTenbHOe         qrrcno     ,ll,OrOBOpOB       C
rocyJJ:apcTBOM 3aKnJOqaeTC51 Ha                I0      rr   50   neT. Y JJ:HBHTenhHO TO, qTo cpoK apeHJJ:bi 3eMnH y
KonneKTHBHbiX X0351HCTB HaH60nbiiiHH -                              I 0 - I5          neT, HO ,ll,OCTYII K 3TOMY HCTOqHHKy
OKa3biBaeTC51 6onee orpaHrrqeHHbiM, qeM K JJ:BYM JJ:pyrHM HCTOqHHKaM. l.J:yBCTBO Ha)l;e)J(HOCTH
Bna)l;eHH51 3eMnell: rrpo51Bn51eTC51 y qacTHbiX cpepMepoB He oqeHh crrnhHO. MeHee rronoBHHhi
peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB         cqrrTaiOT,     qTO    COXpaH51T            CBOIO        qacTHYJO      C06CTBeHHOCTb           Ha    3eMniO        B
6y,ll,yiiJ;eM, TOr,ll,a KaK     1/3   peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB He yBepeHbi B 3TOM.
     4.    <l>uuaHCOBhle pe3y Jib TaThl pafiOThl peopraHH30BaHHhiX CeJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHhiX
                                                        npe,IJ;npHSITHH


4.1.   JlUK6U0HOCmb U 3GOO!lJICeHHOCmb


            EaJiaHc ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe,n:rrpmiTIIH YKpaiiHhi cocTOIIT rnaBHhiM o6pa30M
II3 OCHOBHhiX cpe,n:CTB II aKIIIIOHepHOro KaiiiiTaJia, Ha KOTOpbie IIpiiXO,ll;IITC5I OKOJIO                                             90%
o6IIIeif C)'MMhi aKTIIBOB (Ta6JIHQa                4.1).   B HOpMaJihHhiX pbiHO~HhiX ycJIOBIIHX ero MO)l{HO
6omo 6or c~IITaTh o~eHh )l{II3Hecrroco6HbiM 6aJiaHCOM, HOB YKpaiiHe (KaK II BO Bcex rrpo~IIX
cTpaHax        periioHa        6ommero        CoBeTcKoro            Cm03a)          -        3TO     Bcero      JIIIIIIh          pe3yJII>TaT
rrepiiO,ll;II~eCKOH      IIH,ll;eKCaiiiiii    OCHOBHhiX           cpe,n:CTB     B       IIHcpJI511!1IOHHbie          rO,ll;bl.    BoiCOKIIH
IIOKa3aTeJib 6aJiaHCOBhiX OCHOBHbiX cpe,n:CTB II aKIIIIOHepHOrO KaiiiiTaJia a6COJIIOTHO He
CB5I3aH      C 3KOHOMII~eCKOH           CTOIIMOCTbiO 3TIIX aKTIIBOB II rJiaBHhiM                                 o6pa30M 5IBJI5IeTC5I
MOIIIHhiM       pe3epBOM        rrepeOIIeHKII      KaiiiiTaJia,       C03,ll;aHHhiM              B   pe3yJioTaTe        MexaHII~eCKOH
IIH,ll;eKCai!IIII rrepBOHa~aJibHOH CTOIIMOCTII aKTIIBOB COOTBeTCTBeHHO K 06IIIeMy IIH,ll;eKCY IIeH.
B     TaKOH     CIITyaiiiiii    )l{eJiaTeJihHO     COCpe,n:OTO~IITb            BHIIMaHIIe             Ha    TeKYIIIIIX         IIOKa3aTeJI5IX
6aJiaHCa,       He    IIO,n:Bepr1IIIIXC5I      BJIII5IHIIIO       rrepeOIIeHKII             II   rrpe,n:cTaBJI5IIOIIIIIX          peaJihHYJO
,n:eHe)KHYJO CTOIIMOCTh.


     Ta6JIHQa    4.1.   Cpe,n:H5I5I cTpyKTypa 6aJiaHca peopraHII30BaHHhiX X035IHCTB,                                  1996-1998 rr.
                                             (% OT 06IIIeif       C)'MMhi aKTIIBOB)

                                                              I       1996              I            1997        1              1998
    06IIIa~ cyMMa aKTIIBOB, MJIH. rpH.                                 11 '1                         10,1                       10,1
    AKTHBhl
    OcHOBHbie cpe)J,CTBa                                               88%                           86%                         83%
    06opOTHbie cpe)J,CTBa                                              12%                           14%                         17%
    ToBapHo-MaTepiiaJibHbie 3anacbi                                    10%                           12%                         15%
    <l>IIHaHCOBbie o6opOTHbie cpe)J,CTBa                               2%                            2%                          2%
    )J;e6JITOpcKa~ 3a)J,OJI)J{eHHOCTb                                   1%                            1%                         2%
    AKIIHOuepHhiH KanuTaJI u o6HJaTeJihCTBa
    AKQIIOHepHbiH KaniiTaJI                                           92%                            89%                         87%
    )J;oJirocpo•ma~ 3a)J,OJI)J{eHHOCTb                                 1%                             0%                          0%
    KpaTKocpoqHbie o6~3aTeJibCTBa                                      7%                            11%                         13%
    Kpe)J,IITopcKa~ 3a)J,OJI)J{eHHOCTb                                 6%                            10%                         11%

       B    u,enoM   (Ta6JIHQa       4.2),     o6opoTHhie           cpe,n:cTBa          cpe,n:Hero         X035IHCTBa          rrpeBhiiiiaiOT
KpaTKOCpO~Hhie 065I3aTeJihCTBa (KOMIIOHeHT ,ll;OJirocpo~HOH 3a,ll;OJI)l{eHHOCTII rrpeHe6pe)l{IIMO
MaJihiH,      MeHee     1%     OT   06IIIeif    C)'MMhi,      II    KpaTKOCpO~Hbie                   065I3aTeJibCTBa Ha             cero,n:mi
rrpaKTII~ecKII       rrpe,n:cTaBJIHIOT       o6IIIYIO    C)'MMY        o6H3aTeJihCTB                 X035IHCTBa).          B     poiHO~HhiX
ycJIOBII5IX 3TO 06bi~HO 03Ha~aeT, ~TO X035IHCTBO IIMeeT JIIIKBII,ll;HOCTh, ,ll;OCTaTO~HYJO ,ll;JI5I
BhiiiJiaThi CBOIIX ,n:onroB. O,n:HaKo, rrpii 6onee BHIIMaTeJihHOM paccMOTpeHIIII crpyKTypor
o6opOTHbiX cpe,n:CTB, BII,ll;HO, ~TO 3TO rJiaBHbiM o6pa30M TOBapHO-MaTepiiaJibHhie 3aiiaChi IIpii
O~eHb He3Ha~IITeJibHOH C)'MMe cpiiHaHCOBhiX JIIIKBII,ll;HbiX aKTIIBOB, TaKIIX KaK ,n:e6IITOpCKM
3a,n:OJI)l{eHHOCTh (cMoTpii Ta6JIHQY          4.1). KpoMe Toro, ,n:oJIH TOBapHO-MaTepiiaJihHhiX 3arracoB
B o6opOTHhiX cpe,n:cTBax B              Te~eHIIe 1996 - 1997 rr. 3HaqJITeJihHO B03pocna. ToBapHo-
MaTepiiaJihHhie 3aiiaChi He JierKO rrpeBpaTIITb B                       HaJIII~HOCTh;                ~TO    )l{e KacaeTC5I CeJibCKOrO
X0351HCTBa YKpaiiHhi, 3TOT rroKa3aTeJih MO)l{eT 6oiTh 6onee, ~eM rrpe,n:BecTHIIKOM Toro, ~To
3TII TOBapHO-MaTepiiaJibHbie 3aiiaCbi He MOryr 6oiTb rrpo,n:aHHhiMII II, cpaKTII~eCKII, IIO,ll;Jie)l{aT
34             YKpauHa: o63op onbzma peopzaHu3alfUU ce!lbCKOX03RiicmeeHHblX npeonpURmuii



CIUICaHIUO.          EcJIH     Mbl      HCKJIIO'IHM       ITOTeHI!llaJibHO        HeJIHKBH,ll;Hbie           TOBapHO-MaTepRaJibHbie
3aiTaChi ll3 aHaJIH3a ll OITpe,n:eJIHM COOTHOIIIeHHe Me)l(,n:y cpnHaHCOBbiMH H, Ha,n:eeMC.SI, 6onee
JIHKBH,ll;HbiMH o6opOTHbiMH cpe,ll;CTBaMH ll KpaTKOCpO'IHbiMH 06.SI3aTeJibCTBaMH, TO ITOJIYlfllM
TaK Ha3biBaeMbiH "K03cpcpHUHeHT cpO'IHOH JIHKBH,ll;HOCTH" ITOp.SI,n:Ka                                            0,20 (Ta6JIHU.3 4.2),
KOTOpbiH 3Ha'IHTeJibHO HH)I(e KaKOrO 6bi TO Hll 6biJIO ITpHeMJieMOrO UeJieBOrO ITOKa3aTeJI.SI
JIHKBH.ll:HOCTH.           EIIIe    o,n:HHM   ITpH3HaKoM Hey.n;osneTsopnTeJibHOH                             JIHKBH,ll;HOCTH .SIBJI.SieTC.SI
'IeTKO ITpOCJie)I(HBaeMM TeH,n:eHI!ll.SI CHH)I(eHH.SI K03cpcpHI!HeHTa CpO'IHOH JIHKBH,ll;HOCTH Ha
ITpODI)I(eHHH BpeMeHH: OHa CHH3HJiaCh C                       0,25     B   1996   r. ,ll;O   0,16    B   1998      r.   (Ta6JIUIJ.3 4.2). }b
cpHHaHCOBbiX              aKTHBOB         MO)I(eT     ITOraiiiaTbC.SI          MeHee         O,ll;HOH       IT.SITOH       KpaTKOCpO'IHbiX
o6.SI3aTeJibCTB cpe,n:Hero X035IHCTBa.


                                   Ta6Jiuu.a 4.2.    TeKyiiiHe K03cpcpnuneHThi:                 1996-1998 rr.
                                                                           I      1996          I           1997          I        1998
 0THOIIIemle o6opOTHbiX cpe)J.CTB K                                                1,7                       1,2                   1,3
 KpaTKOCpoqHbiM o6x3aTeJihCTBaM

 0THOIIIemJ:e .ne6tiTOpCKOH 3a)J.OJI)l(eHHOCTH K                                  0,25                      0,19                   0,16
 Kpe)J.HTOpCKOH


     Yxy,n:IIIaiOIIIa.SIC.SI JIHKBH,n:Hocn X035IHCTB B YKpanHe TaK)I(e BH,n:Ha H3 R3MeH.SIIOIIIeiic.SI
cTpyKTypni Kpe,n:nTOpcKoii 3a,n:OJI)I(eHHOCTH B Te'IeHHe                            1996 - 1998             rr.   (Ta6Jiuu.a 4.3).        Ecnn
3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTb ITOCTaBII!HKaM                TOBapoB ll ycnyr OCTaJiaCb Ha ypOBHe                             45%-50%         OT 06IIIeH
CyMMbi Kpe.n;HTOpCKOH 3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTH, ,ll;OJI.SI KOMITOHeHTa ITpocpO'IeHHOH 3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTH
yseJIH'IHJiach.           TeM He MeHee, cne.n;yeT 3aMeTHTh, 'ITO HecMoTp.SI Ha B03pacTaHne CyMM
ITpocpO'IeHHOH 3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTH,                   '!aCTOTa C006IIIeHHH peCITOH,ll;eHTOB 0                                 ITpocpo'IeHHbiX
06.SI3aTeJibCTBaX OCTaBaJiaCb Ha ITpOT5l)l(eHHH BpeMeHH Ha ypOBHe OKOJIO                                                75%    Bbi6opKH 6e3
KaKHX-JIH60              ITpH3HaKOB        CHCTeMaTH'IeCKOrO               B03pacTaHH5I.            3a,n:OJI)I(eHHOCTb           ITO   YITJiaTe
HaJIOrOB        ll       BbiiiJiaTe      3apa60THOH         ITJiaTbi       CTa6HJibHO          COCTaBJI5IJia            30%      OT    CyMMbi
Kpe,n:nTopcKoii 3a,n:omKeHHOCTH, 'ITO He YKa3biBaeT Ha KpHTH'IecKoe B03paCTaHHe 6peMeHH
06.SI3aTeJibCTB ITO OTHOIIIeHHIO K ITpaBHTeJihCTBY ll pa60THHKaM.


               Ta6Jiuu.a 4.3.           CTpyKTypa Kpe,n:nTopcKoii 3a.n;oJI)I(eHHOCTH:                       1996- 1998 rr.
                                                                       I        1996            I           1997          I        1998
 06IIJ,aH      cyMMa       Kpe)J.HTOpCKOH       3a)J.OJI)l(eHHOCTH               0,7                         1,0                    1,2
 (MJIH. rpH.)

 ToBaphi    H ycnyrH                                                            20%                         20%                    17%
 ITpocpoqeHHbie cqeTa                                                           27%                         25%                    31%
 HanorH                                                                         21%                         15%                    16%
 3aprrnaTa                                                                      13%                         16%                    15%
 ITpoqax Kpe.D.HTopcKax 3a.nomKeHHOCTh                                          19%                         24%                    21%

     O.n;Hoii        H3    ITpH'IHH       B03pacTaHH5l        HeJIHKBH.IJ:HOCTH          X035IHCTB           B     YKpaHHe         O'IeBH.IJ:HO
5IBJI5leTC5l     HX        HeCITOC06HOCTb           o6eciTe'IHTb           ,ll;OCTaTO'IHbiH          o6'beM         peaJIH3ai!Hll.        _na)l(e
llrHOpHpy.SI 6peM5I HepeaJihHO OI!eHeHHbiX OCHOBHbiX cpe,ll;CTB, Mbl 06Hapy)I(HM, 'ITO Ka)I(,L(a.SI
e,L(HHHI!a OCHOBHbiX cpe,n:CTB o6eciTe'IHBaJia ITOJIYlfeHHe JIHIIIb                                 0, 78   e,n:HHHI! BblpYlfKH B          1997
r. ll   0,42 -       B    1998     r.   (Ta6JIUQa 4.4). B         60JibiiiHHCTBe CJiy'IaeB OTHOIIIeHHe Bbipy'IKH K
o6opOTHbiM cpe,n:CTBaM ITpeBbiiiiaeT                  2;   TaKHe Hll3KHe, HMeiOIIIHe TeH,ll;eHI!lliO K ,ll;aJihHeHIIIeMy
CHH)I(eHHIO          ITOKa3aTeJIH         51BJI51IOTC5l    OTpa)l(eHHeM           cepbe3HbiX             ITp06JieM,           CB513aHHbiX     CO
CITOC06HOCTbiO X0351HCTB o6eciTe'IHBaTb BblpYlfKY Ha OCHOBe CBOeH 6a3bl aKTHBOB.
       4. c!JuHaHcoebze pe3yflbmambz pa6ombz peopzaHu3oeaHHblX CeJlbCKoxo3RucmeeHHblX npeonpU.H.muu                                                      35


       Ysemrqemre TosapHo-MaTepHaJihHhiX 3arracos- JIHIIIh O.IJ:HH CHMIITOM 3THX TPY.IJ:HOCTe:H:.
OH TaK)l(e HeH36e)l(HO rrpHBO.IJ:HT K B03pacTaHHIO 6peMeHH 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH, orrpe.n:en5IeMo:H:
OTHOCHTeJihHO rroKa3aTene:H: ro.n:osoro o6beMa peaJIH3aUHH. ITocKOJihKY o65!3aTeJihCTBa B
KOHe~IHOM C'leTe IIOrarnaiOTC5I H3 BblpYlJKH, OTHOIIIeHH:e .IJ:OJira K BbipyqKe (TaK Ha3biBaeMbie
"rO.IJ:hl Kpe.IJ:HTOBaHH5I") 5IBJI5IeTC5I IIOJie3HhiM IIOKa3aTeJieM 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH,                                                OC06eHHO B
CHTyaUH5IX, KOr.n:a IIpHMeHeHHe CTaH.IJ:apTHhiX IIOKa3aTeJieH COOTHOIIIeHH5I C06CTBeHHhiX H
3aeMHhiX             cpe.IJ:CTB      He     HMeeT       CMhiCJia        BCJie.IJ:CTBHe     rrepeoueHKH                 OCHOBHhiX             cpe.IJ:CTB.
0THorneHHe .n:onros K peaJIH3aUHH .IJ:JI5I cpe.n:Hero X035IHCTBa B YKpaHHe yseJIH'IHJIOCh c                                                        1,1    B
1997         r.    .n:o    2,0   B   1998    r.   (Ta6Jiuu:a 4.4).            B    1997    r.        .IJ:JI5I BhiiiJiaThi 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH
rroTpe6osaJIC5I o6beM peaJIH3aum-r B pa3Mepe CBhirne ro.n:a; B                                        1998      r . .IJ:JI5I rrorarneHH5I .n:onra
rroTpe6yeTC5I               o6beM     peaJIH3aUHH           B    pa3Mepe          .n:syx   neT.           Orrpe.n:eJI5!5I     TaKHM          o6pa30M
CIIOC06HOCTh                 X035IHCTB       K        IIOraiiieHHIO         3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH,             MO)l(HO         3aKJIIO'IHTh,          'ITO
3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTb B            1998 r.    3Ha'IHTeJibHO IIpeBbiCHJia 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTb B                       1997 f.

                    Ta6Jiuu:a 4.4. Ko3cp_<ll_HUHeHThi o6o_paqHsaeMOCTH KaiiHTaJia, 1997 -1998 rr.
                                                                                                 I           1997             I            1998
 0THOIIJeHiie peaJUBaQHH K 06IIJ,eH cyMMe aKTHBOB                                                             0,10                         0,07
 0THOIIJeHH:e peaJIH3ai..J,HH K o6opOTHbiM cpe,ll,CTBaM                                                       0,78                         0,42
 0THOIIIeHHe 3a)J,OJDKeHHOCTH K peaJIH3aQHH (rO)J,bl                                                           1,1                         2,0
 Kpe,ll,HTOBaHHH)


4.2.   Jlpu6blflbHOCmb


       Bcne.n:cTBHe HeH36e)l(HhiX rrocT05IHHhiX orrepauHoHHhiX pacxo.n:os, B5IJia5I peaJIH3aUH5I
IIO'ITH           aBTOMaTH'leCKH           Be.IJ:eT     K   OIIepaUHOHHhiM            y6niTKaM.              06IUHH          .IJ:OXO.IJ:    cpe.n:Hero
X035IHCTBa B o6cne.n:osamm (BKJIIO'IM ueHOBhie .n:oTaumr Ha                                                  He3Ha'IHTeJihHOM yposHe -
OKOJIO            1o/o     OT    peaJIH3aUHH)           6biJI     He.IJ:OCTaTO'IHbiM           .IJ:JI5I     IIOKpbiTH5I           ce6eCTOHMOCTH
peaJIH30BaHHOH rrpo.n:yKUHH. ITo coo6meHH5IM ycpe.n:HeHHoro X035IHCTBa, rroTepH HMeJIH
MeCTO .IJ:a)l(e .IJ:O pacrrpe.n:eneHH5I H,[(C                (13%- 14%             OT peaJIH3aUHH); B KOHe'IHOM pe3yJihTaTe,
IIOTepH .IJ:OCTHrJIH             24%      BblpYlJKH OT peaJIH3aUHH, IIOJiyqeHHOH B                               1997    r.       (Ta6JIHU:a 4.5).
Pe3yJihTaTbl 3a               1998 r.     IIOKa 'ITO rrpe.n:sapHTeJihHhie H 0 CHH)l(eHHH y6niTKOB CY.IJ:HTh eme
paHO.


                          Ta6Jiuu:a 4.5.    CqeT rrpH6nme:H: H y6niTKOB peopraHH3osaHHhiX X035IHCTB

                                                                                           I              1997           I    1998 (3-HH          KB.)

 CosoKynHhiH ,ll,OXO,ll, (BKJUoqaH no,ll,ll,ep)l(aHwe I..J,eH)                                 1 100 TbiC.        rpH.            720   TbiC. rpH.

 BbrpyqKa                                                                                           100%                                100%
 IloMep)l(aHHe I..J,eH                                                                               2%                                   1%
 H,ll;C                                                                                             14%                                  13%
 Ce6ecTOHMOCTh peaJIH3oBaHHOH npo,ll,yKIIHH                                                         111%                                103%
 BaJioBaH npH6biJib                                                                                       -24%                          -15%

       l13    76    X035IHCTB B HCCJie.IJ:OBaHHH, C006IUHBIIIHX 0 3aTpaTaX H .IJ:OXO.IJ:aX, JIHIIIh                                        12     HMeJIH
yqeTHYIO IIpH6hiJih B                1997 r.;     OCTaJihHhie          64   X035IllCTBa 3apemcTpHpOBaJIH yqeTHbie IIOTepH
(Ta6Jiuu:a 4.6).                 PeHTa6eJibHOCTh            .IJ:JI5I   .X035IHCTB      c   .n:oxo.n:aMH           co     3HaKOM            "+"      6nm
3Ha'IHTeJibHO HH)l(e "K03cpcpHUHeHTa y6niTO'IHOCTH" .IJ:JI5I X035IHCTB C .IJ:OXO.IJ:aMH CO 3HaKOM "-
". 3TO, KOHe'IHO, IIpHBeJIO K cpe.IJ:HHM .IJ:OXO.IJ:aM Ha X035IHCTBO B Bhi60pKe CO 3HaKOM                                                           "-".
KpoMe Toro, B Bhi6opKe OTcyTcTsyeT rrocne.n:osaTeJihHOCTh rrpH6biJihHOCTH X035IHCTB: H3                                                                  12
36             YKpaww: o63op onbzma peopzaHU3GlfUU cellbCKOX03Rucm6eHHbZX npeonpURmuu



X0351HCTB, C006lll;IiBIIIlfX 0 I1pH:6biJI51X B               1997   If    1998    rr., Jilflllh     3   ITO.JI)"'lfJilf I1pH:6biJilf B o6a
rrepH:o,na.


     B   rrorrhiTKe pa3pemH:Th rrpo6rreMy OTCYTCTBlf51 JilfKBlf.[{HOCTlf B ClfCTeMe B pe3yJihTaTe
llllipOKOMaCIIITa6HbiX              y6hiTKOB      If    HeCITOC06HOCTlf             o6ecrre"l!ll:Th        .[{OCTaTO"l!HhiH      o6opOT,
ceJibCKOX0351HCTBeHHhie rrpe,nrrpli51Tlf51 rrepeXOMT Ha ITOBCeMeCTHOe 3aKJIIO"l!eHH:e 6apTepHbiX
corrraiiieHlfii      KaK     c      rroKyrraTeJI51Mlf,       TaK     If     pa6oTHlfKaMlf.               11ccrre,noBaHH:e       Bhl51BlfJIO
cyrn;eCTBeHHyiO .[{eMOHeTlf3al(lfiO peaJIH:3al(lflf; TaK, B                            1997    If   1998       rr. 6apTep COCTaBlfJI
OKOJIO         40%     BblpYl:JKlf.      Tpy,nOBhie           OTHOIIIeHlf51          TaK)I(e            CTaHOB51TC51     3Ha'1H:TeJibHO
,[{eMOHeTlf3lipOBaHHhiMlf B YCJI0Blf51X BhiiTJiaTbl HaTypoii OKOJIO                            60%        3aprrrraThl (B cpeL(HeM         90
rpn./"l!err.    B   Mec.   lfJilf    oKorro     36     .norrrrapoB       CIIIA/"l!err.    B Mec.).          B    uerroM, ,n:Be TpeTlf
pyKOBO.[{ll:Terreii X0351HCTB C006InlfJilf 0 pOCTe KOJilfl:JeCTBa 6apTepHbiX orrepal(lfH If BhiiTJiaThl
3aprrrraThi HaTypoii B Te"l!eHH:e rrepexo.nnoro rrepH:o,na.


      Ta6JIHUa 4.6.        f1pli6hiJibHOCTh B e,nH:Hlfl(aX K03cpcplil(lfeHTa peaJilf3al(lflf: OTHOllleHH:e
                                         ~I 6hiTKOB K pearrH:3al(lflf
                             rrpH: 6hiJielffyt                                      ('Xo pearrH:3aUH:lf)
                                                              1997                                               1998
                                           Ilpii6hmw'y6hiTKII            KoJI.WieCTBO      Ilpii6biJIWy6hiTKII           KoniiqecTBo
                                            B   % peanmau,IIII            X03llllCTB          B % peaniiJaiJ,IIII            X03llllCTB
 Xo3srifcTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o                        11%                   12                          15%                    12
 I1pi16binHX
 X0351HCTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o6                      -36%                    64                         -26%                    61
 y6hnKax
 Xo351HCTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o                         6%                     3                          16%                     3
 rrpH6hmHx B o6a rrepHop,a
 Xo3HHCTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o6                       -39%                    55                         -29%                    53
 y6hrTKax B o6a rrepHop,a
 B   u.enoM B Bhr6opKe                               -24%                    76                         -17%                    73

     4. 3.   CmpyKmypa 3ampam u molJKG pa6Ho6eCU5l

     I1pH:o6peTeHHhie            MaTepmliihHo-TeXHI-I'lecKlfe                 pecypcbi         If       pa6o'la51   clfrra     51BJI51IOTC51
OCHOBHbiMlf KOMITOHeHTaMlf I1pOli3BO.[{CTBeHHhiX 3aTpaT B CeJihCKOM X0351HCTBe, COCTaBJI5151 B
CYMMe OKOJIO         75%   COBOKYITHhiX 3aTpaT               (Ta6JIHUa 4.7).           113 I1pH:06peTeHHhiX MaTepH:aJibHO-
TeXHlf'leCKlfX pecypCOB, Tpli KOMITOHeHTa -                          KOpMa .[{JI51 )l(lfBOTHhiX, TOITJilfBO If BHeiiiHlfe
ycrryrlf -      COCTaBJI51IOT OCHOBHYIO "llaCTh 3aTpaT Ha MaTepliarrhHO-TeXHlfl:JeCKlfe pecypcbi
( CBhiiiie   60%;    CMOTpli     Ta6JIHUY 4.8).
    4.   C/JUHaHCOBble pe3yJlbmambl pa6ombl peopzaHU30BGHHblX CeJlbCKOX035l"UCmBeHHblX npeOnpURmUU                     37


 Ta6nm:.~;a    4.7.   CTpyKTypa 3aTpaT, 1997-1998 rr. (B% OT COBOKYIIHhiX rrpoH3BO.IJ:CTBeHHhiX
                                                      3aTpaT)

                                                  l              1997                  l       1998 (3-mi KBapnn)
  MaTepHaJihHO-TeXHHqecKHe pecypcbr                                61                                  62
  Pa6oqa5I cmm                                                     14                                   13
  Cou,HaJihHhre ycnyrH                                              6                                   6
  AMopTmau,H5I                                                     14                                   11
  ITpoqHe 3aTpaThr                                                  6                                    7
  CosoKyrrHhre 3aTpaTbi (ThiC. rpH.)                             2 300                                1 600

          EcnH rrpHo6peTeHHhie MaTepHanhHO-TeXHHqecKHe pecypcni HBJIHIOTCH rrepeMeHHhiMH
3aTpaTaMH, pa6oqag CH:na B ycnOBHHX YKpaH:Hhl ITO CyiiieCTBY OTHOCHTCH K IIOCTOHHHhiM
3aTpaTaM,      IIOCKOJihKY      CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbie         rrpe,n:npHHTHH         Tpa,n:H~HOHHO         HeOXOTHO
paccTaiOTCH c         pa6oqeif CHnoH:, ,n:a)l{e B ycnoBHHX ee oqeBH,n:Horo H36hiTKa.                         TaK,    90%
PYKOBO.IJ:HTeneH: coo61IIHJIH, qTo B cnyqae HeB03MO)l{HOCTH BhmnaTHTh 3apnnary, OHH rrpocTo
3a,n:ep)l{aT ee BhiiiJiaTy HJIH OTIIpaBHT pa6oqH:X B OTIIyCK. JIH:IIIh OKOJIO 20% pyKOBO)J,H:Teneif
H3b51BHJIH )l(eJiaHHe         paCCMOTpeTb      )J,Ba pa,n:HKaJihHhiX        BapHaHTa Bbi60pa,           CB513aHHhiX     C
COKpaiiieHH:eM pa6oqeif CHJibi HJIH CHH:)l{eHH:eM 3aprrnaThi.


          KpoMe CTa6H:JihHOCTH 3aTpaT Ha pa6oqYI0 CHny, eiiie                       15%-20%, COCTaBJ151IOIIIHe
paCXO)J,hi Ha    CO~HaJibHbie     ycnyrH H      aMOpTH3a~HOHHbie            OTqHCJieHH51, TaK)l{e B CYIIIHOCTH
51BJ151IOTC51 rrocT051HHhiMH 3aTpaTaMH. TaKHM o6pa30M, cenncKOX0351HCTBeHHhie rrpe.n:rrpH51TH51
YKpaHHhl pa60TaJIH B 1997-1998 rr. B ycnOBHHX CTpyKTypnl 3aTpaT, B KOTOpOH OKOJIO 30%
COCTaBJ151JIH IIOCT051HHhie 3aTpaThl H 70%- rrepeMeHHhie.


 Ta6nnu;a 4.8.        CTPYKTypa 3aTpaT Ha MaTepHanhHo-TeXHHqecKHe pecypcbi: 1997-1998 rr. (B
                       % 061IIHX 3aTpaT Ha MaTepHaJihHO-TeXHH:qecKHe pecypCbi)

                                                  I               1997                     I          1998
  CeMeHa H ca)KeHIJ,hi                                             11                                  11
  KopMa )J,JI5I )KHBOTHhiX                                         27                                  26
  ITpoMe)KYTOqHhre rrpo.n:yKThi                                     7                                   4
  Y.n:o6peHH5I                                                      6                                  6
  TorrJIHBO                                                        16                                  16
  3neKTpo:meprH5I                                                     5                                 5
  0TOIIJieHHe                                                         1                                 2
  3arrqacni                                                         10                                  9
  BHernHHe ycnyrH                                                   16                                 21
  CosoKyrrHhre 3aTpaThi Ha MaTepHaJihHO-                           100                                 100
  TeXHHqecKHe pecypchr


          ITpH ¢aKTHqecKoM ypoBHe orrepa~HH, X0351HCTBa coo61IIHJIH o6 y6niTKax B pa3Mepe
oKono 20% oT peanH3a~HH ( CMOTpH                Ta6nnu;y 4.5).        HacKonhKO .n:on)l{eH B03pacTH o6neM
peanma~HH,        qT06ni      X0351HCTBa    .n:ocTHrnH   ypoBH51      6e3y6niToqHoCTH?             I1pocTOi1     aHanH3
6e3y6niTOqHOCTH          Ha    OCHOBe      H:MeiOIIIeHC51   CTpyKTypni           3aTpaT        H   ,n:eHCTBH:TeJihHOrO
K03¢<l>H~HeHTa         y6niTOqHOCTH        CBH)J,eTeJibCTByeT     0       TOM,   qTO    )J,J151    IIOKpbiTH51      CBOHX
orrepa~HOHHhiX 3aTpaT X0351HCTBa )J,OJI)I(Hbl yBeJIH:qHTh ypoBeHh peaJIH3a~HH B CpaBHeHHH C
1997 r. 6onee qeM B)J,BOe ( CMOTpH BCTaBKy H                    Puc. 4.1 ).      TaKHM o6pa30M, rrepexo,n: OT
38          YKpauna: o63op onbzma peopzanu3alfUU ceJlbCKOX03RucmeennbZX npeiJnpURmuu



y6hiTKOB     K       IIpH6hiJUIM           OCyiiieCTBHTh       HerrerKO        li   )l,JISI   TOfO,    qTo6hi       X03HHCTBa    CTaJili
peHTa6eJihHhiMH, Tpe6yiOTCH pa,ll,HKaJihHhie rrepeMeHhi.


                          AHanH3 6e3y6bJT0'4HOCTH peopraHH30BaHHbiX xo3JuitcTB
                 TbiC.




                 3    .......................................................................................... .



                 2    .........                                             . ... ·t ....................................... .
                                                                                   I
                                                                                I
                                                                                I
                                                                                I
                                                                             ... ·I ....................................... .
                                                                                I
                                                                                1 To"'Ka paBHosecHSl
                                                                                : (paBeHCTBO Bblp~KI1 11 3aTpaT) = 2,250


                                                                        2                          3                         4
                                                                      TbiC.

                     PHCYHOK        4.1.    napaMeTpbl:
                                            nony~eHHaf! Bblpy~Ka1 000; y6biTK11 200; nOCTOf!HHble 3aTpaTbl 360;
                                            nepeMeHHble 3arpaTbl 0,84 or peam13al...\1111



     EcJUI P(97) cocTaBJU!eT o6oeM peamnarum 3a 1997 r. I1 X03Hi1cTBa coo6mHmi o6 y6hiTKax B pa3Mepe
     -0,2P(97) (T.e. 20% OT peaJIH3aiJ,HH), TOr,L(a COBOKYITHble 3arpaTbl B 1997 r. COCTaBJIHIOT C3(97) =
     1,2P(97). l13 :nofi cyMMbi, 0,3 C3(97) = 0,3 X 1,2P(97)- ITOCTOHHHhie 3arpaTbi, a 0,7 C3(97) = 0,7 X
     1,2P(97) - rrepeMeHHhie 3arpaThL Ko3<fJ<fJHu,HeHT rr = 0, 7 x 1,2 paccMarpHBaeTCH KaK rrepeMeHHhie
     3aTpaThi Ha e.nHHHuy peanmoBaHHofi rrpo.nyKUHH B peanhHhiX ycnOBHHX. TaKHM o6pa30M,
     cTaH.napTHYJO 3aBHCHMOCTh 6eJy6hnoqHoCTH (HaXO)I(.L\eHHe HYJieBofi rrpH6hiJIH) MO)I(HO H3o6pa3HTh B
     cne.n)'IOIUefi <!JopMe:

                         0 = P- 0,3 x 1,2P(97)- 0,7 x 1,2P = (1- 0,7 x 1,2)P- 0,3 x 1,2P(97),

     r,D;e P(97)- <PaKTrrqecKaH Bhlp)"'Ka 3a 1997 r. (orrpe,D;eJIHIOII.(aH KOMIIOHeHT IIOCTOHHHbiX 3alpaT), a p-
     HCKOMbiH 6e3y6hiTOqHhiH o6beM peanmau,IIH ( orrpe.neJIHIOUIHH ,L(OXO,L(bl H rrepeMeHHble 3arpaTbi).
     PeiiiHB 3TO ypaBHeHHe .L(JIH P/P(97), rrOJI)"'HM:

                                            P/P(97)   = 0,3 X 1,2/(1- 0,7 x 1,2) = 2,25 (*)

     ,[J:pyrHMH CJIOBaMH, ,L(JIH ,L\OCTH)I(eHHH ypOBHH 6e3y6hiTOqHOCTH, cpe,L(Hee X03HHCTBO ,L(OJI)I(HO ITOJ!y<IHTh
     BbipyqKy, paBHYJO rrocryrrneHHHM 3a 1997 r., yMHO)I(eHHhiM Ha 2,25.

     3aBHCHMOCTh (*) .L(JIH P/P(97) MO)I(HO nerKo CKoppeKTHpOBaTh .L(JIH Mo.nenHpoBamiH .npymx crpyKryp
     3aTpaT H K03<fJ<fJHIJ,HeHTOB y6hiTOqHOCTH. 0THOIIIeHHe ITOCTOHHHbiX 3aTpaT K rrepeMeHHhiM (B [997 r.)
     Bbipa)l(aeTCH, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, qHCJiaMH 0,3 H 0,7, TOr,L(a KaK K03<fJ<fJHIJ,HeHT 1,2 I10Ka3biBaeT, qTo
     COBOKYITHbie 3arpaTbl B 1997 r. Ha 20% rrpeBhiiiiaJIH Bblp)"'KY 3a 1997 r., qTO rrpHBeJIO K 20%
     Ko3<fJ<fJHUHeHry y6hiToqHoCTH OT peanH3aUHH. B rrapaMerpHqecKofi <!JopMe (*) MO)I(HO JarrHcaTb KaK:

                                  P\P(97)   = rr(Tio3) x (1   - rrpH6.)/(l - rr(Tie3) x (1- rrpH6.) (**)

     3.nech rr(Tio3), rr(Tie3) rrpe,L\CTaBJIHIOT ,L\01110 ITOCTOHHHhiX Ii rrepeMeHHhiX 3arpaT B COBOKyiTHbiX
     3arpaTaX (3TH .L(Be ,L(OJIH eCTeCTBeHHO COCTaBJIHIOT B CYMMe 1), a rrpH6. HBJIHeTCH K03<fJ<fJm~HeHTOM
     rrpH6biJihHOCTH (co 3HaKOM "+", B cnyqae OTqeTHOH I1pH6hiJIIi Ii CO 3HaKOM "-", B cnyqae OTqeTHhiX
     y6hiTKOB). I13MeHHH 3TH rrapaMelpbi B <fJopMyne (**), Mbl MO)I(eM paccqHTaTh 6e3y6hiTOqHOCTb ,L(JIH
     JII06ofi rpe6yeMofi crpyKryphr 3arpaT Ii 11106oro .naHHOro ypoBHH y6hiTKOB.
                           5.   Co~HaJihHaH HHCf>pacTpyKrypa H yposeHh :tKH3HH


5.1. CoZJUa.flbHble yc;zyzu 11a cefle

       PeopraHH30BaHHbie cenbCKOX03srifcTBeHHbie rrpe.n:rrpHSITHSI rrpo.n:omKruoT o6ecrre~msaTh
IIIHpOKHH Ha6op COI!HaJibHbiX ycnyr If BbiiiJiaT CBOHM pa60THHKaM. TaK,                                          60%    X03SIHCTB
o6ecrre~mBaiOT IIpSIMbie <}:>HHaHCOBbie BbiiiJiaTbi, KOTOpbie rJiaBHbiM o6pa30M BKJIIOqaJOT
IIOC06HSI     MHOro.n;eTHbiM          CeMbSIM        (50%        peCIIOH,ll;eHTOB),      yqaiUHMCSI        (20%),    ,li;OIIJiaTy Ha
IIpOBe.n;eHHe       OTIIYCKOB         ( 10%)        If    ,ll;a)l(e   KOMIIeHCai!HIO       B    CBSI3H      C   HH<}:>JISII!HOHHbiM
rroshuneHHeM I!eH           (1 0%).    KpoMe rrpsrMbiX <}:>HHaHCOBbiX BbiiiJiaT, cenhcKoxo3srifcTseHHhie
rrpe.n;rrpHSITHSI IIOBCeMeCTHO rrpe,li;OCTaBJISIIOT IIOMOIUb B o6pa60TKe IIpHyca.n;e6HbiX yqaCTKOB
Ha cene      (85%     rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH) If IIO-IIpe)l(HeMy SIBJISIIOTCSI HCTOqHHKOM IIpO.D:OBOJibCTBeHHbiX
rrpo.n;yKTOB H TpaHcrropTHbiX ycnyr (rrpe.n:ocTaBJISIIOTcsr rroqTH                             3/4    rrpe.n;rrpHSITHif). Ta6JIH~a
5.1.    ,ll;eMOHCTpHpyeT Ha6op             He<}:>HHaHCOBbiX ycnyr If BbiiiJiaT ,li;OMaiiiHHM X03SIHCTBaM,
o6ecrreqHBaeMbiX CeJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHbiMH rrpe.n;rrpHSITHSIMH.


       Ta6JIH~a     5.1.   IIpe.n:ocTasneHHe cenbcKoxo3srifcTBeHHbiMH rrpe.n:rrpHSITHSIMH ycnyr .n:nsr
     ,li;OMaiiiHHX X03SIHCTB         (% 06IUero KOJIIfqeCTBa ceJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH B
                                                                      6
                                                                Bbi opKe       )
                                     Tipe.n:ocTaBnemfe                EecrrnaTHO                Tio              IJo pb!H04HbiM
                                          ycnyr                                         JJ:OTHpOBaHHbiM              CTaBKaM
                                                                                            CTaBKaM

 BcnaiiiKa npeyca.ne6HhiX                      85                         27                    56                       2
 y'IaCTKOB
 PHTYaJihHbie yc.JI}TH                         84                         55                    29                      --
 TipO,li,OBOJlbCTBeHHbie                       73                          9                    57                       7
 npo.nyKThi
 TpaHcnopT                                     71                         8                     58                      5
 Crpo.HTeJihCTBO H peMOHT                      49                         4                     31                      14
 )!(IfJlhH
 IiJ:CIIOJib30BaHHe                            31                         3                     22                      6
 Be,LJ,OMCTBeHHOrO )!(If.JlhH
 il.eHrpaJibHOe OTOIIJieH.He,                  29                         --                    22                       7
 IIe'IHOe TOIIJI.HBO
 Bo.na                                         29                         9                     14                      6
 raJ                                            9                         --                    3                       6
 3rreKrpo:mepr.HH                               9                         1                     2                        6
 TipOMbiiiiJieHHbie TOBapbl                     8                         --                     --                      8

       lliHpOKOMaCIIITa6HM             rrpaKTHKa            rrpe,li;OCTaBJieHHSI       6eCIIJiaTHbiX       ycnyr     pa60THHKaM
X03SIHCTB      60Jibiiie        He    HCIIOJib3yeTCSI            (Ta6JIH~a         5.1). B      CYIUHOCTH,         e,li;HHCTBeHHOH
6ecrrnaTHoif           ycnyroif       srsnsriOTcsr           rroxopoHhi.           MexaHH3HposaHHOe              o6cny)l(HBaHHe
rrpHyca.n;e6Horo yqacTKa, oqeHb Ba)l(HbiH KOMIIOHeHT COI!HaJibHOif c<):>epbi Ha cene, ceifqac
OCyiUeCTBJISieT            6eCIIJiaTHO         JIHIIIb          qeTBepTb           rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH;        6onee      IIOJIOBHHbi
CeJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH rpe6YIOT OIIJiaqHBaTb :ny Ba)l(HYIO ycnyry,. XOTSI If B
.n;oTHpoBaHHoif <):>opMe. CBbiiiie          80%          cenhcKoxo3srifcTneHHbiX rrpe.n:rrpHsrTHif Tpe6YIOT orrnaThi
rrpoqlfX ycnyr, BKJIIOqaSJ: IIpO,li;OBOJibCTBeHHbie IIpO.D:YKTbi If TpaHCIIOpT, HO TaK)!(e, rJiaBHbiM
o6pa30M, B ,li;OTHpOBaHHOH <}:>opMe.
40                 YKpauHa: o63op onbtma peopzaHu3a!Juu ce!lbCKOX03RucmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu



     PyKoBo.r:unemr X035IHCTB c~MTaiOT, ~To ~acTHbie <lJepMepor B MX perMOHe MMeiOT ,nocTyn
KO BCeM OCHOBHbiM ycrryraM (BKJIIO~a5I ,UeTCKMe Ca,Uhi, IIIKOJihi, TpaHCnOpT, Me,UM[(MHCKYIO
nOMOI[(b, )J(JiJihe li KOMMYHaJihHbie ycrrynr) HapaBHe C pa60THliKaMli CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX
npe,nnpH5ITMii.      ,.O:eiicTBMTeJibHO,             no    coo6meHM5IM,          ~acTHbie          <lJepMepbi         KaK     npaBMJIO        He
)J(aJIOBaJIMCh      Ha    Tpy,nHOCTM,            CB5I3aHHhie         c     B03MO)J(HOCThiO              nocemeHM5I              MX       ,neTbMM
,UOIIIKOJihHbiX      y~pe)J(,UeHMH,            IIIKOJI,    a   TaK)J(e     B   ,UOCTyne        K    Me,Uli[(liHCKOH             nOMOI[(li      li
KOMMYHaJihHhiM ycrryraM. Tpy,nHOCTM c TpaHcnopTOM, ne~HhiM TonrrMBOM, CTpOHTerrbcTBOM
li   peMOHTOM        )J(JiJib5I,   KOTOpbie          KaK       npaBMJIO        o6ecne~MBaeT             ,UJI5I    CBOMX         pa60THMKOB
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOe              npe,nnpH5ITMe,             OTMe~aJili       MeHee        20%        pecnOH,UeHTOB              Ii3    ~IiCJia
~acTHhiX        <lJepMepoB.        B     [(erroM,         no   coo6meHM5IM            <lJepMepoB,          cerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHoe
npe,nnpH5ITMe        He   Bhmrra~MBaeT MM noMOI[(h, KaK 3To                                6omo         paHbiiie.         TeM     He MeHee,
cepbe3Hhie )J(aJI06bi Ha Tpy,UHOCTM, CB5I3aHHbie C npe,UOCTaBJieHMeM CO[(liaJibHbiX ycrryr,
OTCYTCTByiOT.


          bOJihiiia5I ~aCTb ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX npe,nnpH5ITlill npO,UOJI)J(aeT nO,U,Uep)J(HBaTb
IIIKOJihi M ,neTCKMe ca,nhi. ITpo~Me npe,nnpH5ITM5I o6mecTBeHHoro Ha3Ha~eHM5I (B TOM ~Herre
nOJiliKJiliHliKli,     KJiy6bi     li    6M6JIMOTeKH)           norr~aiOT 3Ha~MTeJibHO                     MeHhiiiyiO           no,n,nep)J(Ky.
CerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhie                 npe,nnpH5ITM5I         KaK       o6oi~Ho      He     nrraT5IT      3apnrraTy          pa6oTHMKaM
YKa3aHHbiX        npe,nnpH5ITlill         li    He    o6ecne~MBaiOT             liM    HMKaKOll           ,UeHe)J(HOH           no.rmep)J(Kli.
0cHOBHa5I        noMOI[(h      nocTynaeT ~epe3                 ,noTHpoBaHHbie          o6crry)J(MBaHMe                M    KOMMYHaJihHbie
ycrryrM, a TaK)J(e nOCTaBKli npO,UOBOJibCTBeHHbiX npo,nyKTOB                                (Ta6JIHIJ;a 5.2).

      Ta6JIHIJ;a 5.2.      ITo,U,Uep)J(Ka o6oeKTOB CO[(MaJihHOH c<lJepbi cerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiMM
                                           npe,nnpH5ITM5IMM          (% npe,nnpM5ITMH)
                                       f1pe)J.npH5!TH5l,                                   <l>opMa IIO)J.)J.ep)I{Klf
                                   o6ecneqHBaJOlli,He              BhmJTaTa            06cJTy)I{HBaHHe,                    06ecneqeHHe
                                        IIO)J.)J.ep)I{KY          3apnnaTbi            KOMMYHaJTbHhre                           npO)J.OB.
                                          o6beKTa                                              ycnyrH                       npO)J.YKTaMM
 lliKOJTbl                                      73                        7                        34                              33
 )J,eTca)J.hi                                   64                        9                        19                              36
 Me)J.yqpe)I{)J.eHM5l                           48                        6                        30                              12
 Kny6hr, npe)J.npmiTH5!                         45                        14                       28                               3
 KYITbTYPbl
 EH6ITHOTeKH                                   20                         4                        14                              2
 PecTopaHbi, Ka~e                              42                         15                       13                              14

          PaCXO)J.bi      Ha   CO[(liaJibHbie ycrryrM              li    no,U,Uep)J(KY       06beKTOB            CO[(liaJibHOH           c<lJepbi
COCTaBJI5IIOT MeHee        10%      COBOKynHOfO 06beMa paCXO,UOB npe,nnpli5ITM5I, npli 3TOM Jllilllb                                         1/4
pyKOBO,UMTerreH:         O)J(M,UaeT yBerrM~eHM5I 6peMeHM pacxo,noB Ha o6mecTBeHHhie HY)J(,Ubi B
crre,UyiOI[(eM ro,ny. ITpe,nomymMe o6crre,noBaHM5I YKa3hiBaiOT Ha 3Ha~MTerrhHOe coKpameHMe
6IO,U)J(eTHbiX       paCXO,UOB           ceJibCKOX035IllCTBeHHbiX                npe,nnpli5ITMH                  Ha       CO[(liaJibHbie       li
o6mecTBeHHbie HY)J()Xhi. O,nHaKo 3To pe3yJioTaT coKpameHM5I o6oeMa ycrryr, a He nepe,na~M
o6oeKTOB CO[(MaJihHOH              c<lJephi M ycrryr MecTHhiM CoBeTaM, KaK 3Toro Tpe6yeT 3aKoH.
Ta6JIHu;a 5.3        ,neMoHcTpHpyeT, ~To B rr~IIIeM c~ae                               25%-30%            cerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX
npe,nnpH5ITMii nepe,narrM HeKoTopore CBOM aKTMBhi CO[(MaJihHOH c<lJepbi cerrhCKMM CoBeTaM,
TOr,na KaK 60Jihiiia5I ~aCTb X035IHCTB He npe,nnpHH5IJia KaKMX-JIM60 ,nefiCTBlill (nepe,na~a
aKTliBOB        npe,nnpH5ITMIO-npaBOnpeeMHMKy                     TaK)J(e      03Ha~aeT,        no       cyi[(eCTBy,         6e3,UeHCTBMe,
nOCKOJihKY nocrre,nHee npO,UOJI)J(aeT HeCTli OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a 3TH aKTliBbi 3a                                                  C~eT     CBOMX
onepa[(MOHHhiX ,UeHe)J(HbiX nOTOKOB). f1pMBaTM3a[(li5I 5IBJI5IeTC5I 6e3yCJIOBHO                                             3<lJ<lJeKTliBHbiM
                              5.    Co!JUanbHaR uHrjJpacmpyKmypa u ypoeeHb J/CU3HU                                                           4I


Bapi:IaHTOM Bbi60pa ITIUIIb ,[(n5I Be,IJ;OMCTBeHHOrO )KIIJib5!, HO ,IJ;a)Ke 3TOT Bbi60p IICIIOJib30BaJIO
MeHee    1/3   X035IMCTB.


        Ta6JIHna 5.3.       ITepe,IJ;aqa o6'beKTOB COUIIaJibHOM c<Pepbi ceJibCKOX035IMCTBeHHbiMII
                                         rrpe.IJ:IIpii5ITII5IMII       (o/co rr_pe,IJ;rr JII5ITIIII
                                                                                                 ~)

                                   0TC)'TCTBHe                  Tiepe,ZJ,aHhi                 Tiepe,ZJ,aHhi       TipHBaTH3HpOBaHbl
                                    ,ZJ,eHCTBHM           npe,ZJ,npmnmo-                     CeJihCKOMY
                                                       npasonpeeMHHKY                          Cosezy
 )l{HJihe                                47                            I6                           7                        30
 ,r:(OIIIKOJibHhie                       54                            I9                          2I                         2
 yqpe)K)J,eHH~

 illKOJihl                               66                            6                           27                        --
 Kny6hi, npe,ZJ,npH~TH~                  45                            I5                          3I                        --
 KYJibTypbl
 EH6JIHOTeKH                             62                            9                           26                        --
 Me,ZJ,y4pe)K)J,eHII~                    65                            13                          2I                        I
 PecTopaHhi, Kacpe                       54                            35                           6                        4
 Bo,ZJ,onpoBO)J,hi                       54                            20                          14                        6
 ):(opom                                 52                            26                          II                        5

         BcJie,[(CTBIIe MaJIOH Bbi60pKII HepeopraHII30BaHHbiX X035IMCTB, pa3HIIUa B CTpyKType
rrpe,IJ;OCTaBJieHII5!    COUIIaJibHbiX         ycnyr       II    IIOMep)KKII               rrpe,Il;IIpii5ITIIM    COUIIaJibHOM          c<Pepbl
peopraHII30BaHHbiMII II HepeopraHII30BaHHbiMII                               CeJibCKOX035IMCTBeHHbiM rrpe,Il;IIpii5ITII5IM He
rrpocJie)KIIBaeTC5!.


         B     rronoBIIHe     X035IMCTB         3a,IJ;OJI)KeHHOCTb             rro        BbiiiJiaTe    rocy,IJ;apcTBeHHbiX            rreHCIIM
CeJibCKIIM      rreHCIIOHepaM           COCTaBJI5IeT        OT         3     ,[(0     6     MeC5!UeB.         B   CBOIO    oqepe,IJ;b,       %
CeJibCKOX035IMCTBeHHbiX              rrpe,Il;IIpii5ITIIM         3a,IJ;ep)KIIBaiOT            OTqiiCJieHIIe        BbiiiJiaT       B     <PoH,[(
COUIIaJibHOrO o6ecrreqeHII5! IIpii cpe,IJ;HIIX HaKOIIJieHHbiX 065!3aTeJibCTBaX B pa3Mepe OKOJIO
200 000      rpH.   (80 000 .IJ:OJIJiapoB      ClliA).


5.2   CeMeill-tbzu ooxoo aKlfUOHepo6 ceJZbcKoxo3flucm6eHHbZX npeonpuRmuu

       Cpe,IJ;HIIH ,IJ;eHe)KHbiH ,IJ;OXO.IJ: .IJ:OManmero X0351IIcTBa B Bhi6opKe cocTaBJI51eT                                     136   rpH. B
MeC5IU   (55   ,IJ;OJI. ClliA). OH OCHOBaH Ha ,IJ;eiicTBIITeJibHbiX ,IJ;eHe)KHbiX rroCTyrrneHII51X, B TOM
qiicne KOMIIOHeHTa 3aprrnaTbi B ,IJ;eHe)KHOM Bbipa)KeHIIII. CTpyKTypa ceMeiiHoro ,IJ;eHe)KHOro
,IJ;oxo,IJ;a ,IJ;eMOHCTpiipyeTc5! B rrepBoif KOJIOHKe                         Ta6JIHnhi 5.4: 46%                  ,IJ;eHe)KHoro ,IJ;oxo,IJ;a
COCTaBJI5IeT 3aprrJiaTa II rreHCII5I;             ellle    39% -             3TO ,IJ;eHe)KHbiH ,[(OXO,[( OT rrpiiyCa,IJ;e6Horo
yqacTKa.       O,IJ;HaKo,     JIIIIIIb        oTHOCIITeJibHO                MaJia51        qacTb        3aprrnaTbi     ,IJ;eifcTBIITeJibHO
BbUIJiaqiiBaeTC5! ,IJ;eHbraMII: JIIIIIIeHHbie ,IJ;eHe)KHbiX cpe,IJ;CTB rrpe,Il;IIpii51TII51 B 3HaqiiTeJibHOH
Mepe         IIOJiaraiOTC51        Ha         BbiiiJiaTy          3aprrJiaTbi               CBOIIM         pa60THIIKaM             HaTypoif
(rrpO,Il;OBOJibCTBeHHbiMII              IIpO.IJ:YKTaMII           II         CeJibCKOX0351MCTBeHHbiMII                    MaTepiiaJibHO-
TeXHIIqeCKHMif pecypcaMH). CTOHMOCTb 3aprrJiaTbi, IIOJiyqeHHOH B HaType, rroqTif Y.IJ:BaHBaeT
cpe.IJ:HeMecJiqHbiM .IJ:OXO.IJ:, rroBbiiiia51 ero co             136 rpH. (55             ,IJ;onnapoB ClliA) .IJ:O     245   rpH. (rroqTH
100    ,IJ;OJIJiapoB ClliA). ITpH TaKOM paccMoTpeHHH ceMeiiHoro ,IJ;OXO,IJ;a 3aprrnaTa HaTypoM:
COCTaBJI5IeT    44%     COBOKYIIHOrO ,[(OXO,[(a ( CMOTpH BTOpYJO KOJIOHKY B                               Ta6JIHne 5.4).
42                  YKpaww: o63op onbzma peopzmm3alfUU ceJibCKOX035liicmeeHHblX npeonpUJJmuii



      Ta6mu.-a 5.4.          CTpyKrypa ceMeilHoro JJ:OXOJJ:a rrp11 pa:m11qHbiX JJ:OIIyll(eHI151X (Ha ocHoBe
                                                       orrpoca     697    CeMel1 B Bbl6 OpKe )
                                             l1CKJIIO'·!H-         )J,eHe)!(HbiH          )J,eHe)!(HbiH ,UOXO,U            )J,eHe)!(HhlH J~OXO,U,
                                               TeJihHO              ,UOXO,U l-1              l-1 CTOllMOCTb                3aprmaTa Ha1ypoil u
                                             ,UeHe)!(HhiH          CTOllMOCTb               rrorpe6JieHHli                     CTOHMOCTb
                                               ,UOXO,U             3aprrJiaTbi B             IIpO,UyKTOB C                    IIOTpe6JieHllll
                                                                     Harype                rrpeyca.ue6Horo                    IIpO.UyKTOB C
                                                                                               yqacTKa                       rrpuyca.ue6Horo
                                                                                                                                 yqacTKa
 Mecli'IHhiH ceMeHHhiH                       136 rpH.               245 rpH.                   225 rpH.                         334 rpH.
 )J,OXO)J,                                   $US 55                 US$ 100                    US$ 90                           US$ 135
 3aprmaTa HarypoH:                                 -                  44%                           -                             33%
 3apnnaTa .LJ,eHhraMM                           23%                   13%                        14%                              9%
 IleHCM51                                       23%                   13%                        14%                              9%
 TipoqMe nM'IHhie                                5%                    3%                        3%                               2%
 )J,OXO)J,hl
 ,[l,oxo.LJ, OT peanu3a~MM                      39%                   22%                        24%                                16%
 npo.LJ,yK~MM     C
 npMyca.LJ,e6Horo yqacTKa
 IJpoqa51 )J,e51TeJ1bHOCTb                      11%                    6%                        7%                                 4%
 Y CJIOBHO      Ha'IMCJ151eMa51                    -                      -                      39%                                27%
 CTOMMOCTh        npo.LJ,yK~MM

 llOTpe6neHM51
 C06CTBeHHOfO
 npOM3BO)J,CTBa


             KpoMe JJ:eHe)lmoro JJ:OXOJJ:a 11 CT011MOCTI1 3aprrrraTbi B HaType Ba)l(HO paccMoTpeTb
CTOI1MOCTb IIpOJJ:YKTOB, IIOTpe6JI51eMbiX CeMb51M11 C IIp11yCa.IJ:e6HbiX yqaCTKOB. f1p0113BOJJ:CTBO,
op11eHT11posaHHOe                Ha      o6ecrreqeH11e              co6cTBeHHbiX              HY)l(JJ:,       3aMeH51eT         rrp11o6peTeH11e
IIpOJJ:OBOJlbCTBeHHbiX                IIpOJJ:YKTOB           ITO    KOMMepqeCKI1M                KaHarraM            11,     COOTBeTCTBeHHO,
HeKoTopyiO qacTh rroTpe6HOCTI1 ceMbl1 B JJ:eHhrax. CToi1MOCTb rroTpe6rreHI151 rrpo.IJ:YKTOB,
rrpo113Be.IJ:eHHbiX         Ha    rrp11yca.IJ:e6HoM            yqacTKe,           cocTaBrr51eT           88    rpH.!Mec.        JJ:IT51    cpe.IJ:Hero
JJ:OMaiiiHerO         X0351HCTBa         B     Bbi60pKe            ( CMOTpM        BCTaBKy).         TaKMM          o6pa30M,              CTOHMOCTh
co6CTBeHHOfO IIOTpe6rreHI151 yseJII1qi1BaeT CeMeHHbiH JJ:OXOJJ: Ha                                            36%,    BKJIJOqa5J CTOI1MOCTb
3aprrnaThi B HaType (oT                245100 .LJ,on.
                                              rpH. MJIH                       CiliA JJ:O      334    rpH.!Mec. 11rr11         135    JJ:OIT. CiliA;
CMOTp11 IIOCJie.IJ:HIOJO KOJIOHKY B Ta6JIHQe 5.4).


             f1p11HI1Ma51        BO      BHI1MaH11e           3aprrrraTy          HaTypoH           11        CTOI1MOCTb         C06CTBeHHOf0
IIOTpe6rreHI151 rrpOJJ:YKTOB C IIp11yCa.IJ:e6HOfO yqacTKa, cpe.IJ:HI1H JJ:OXOJJ: Ha JJ:YIIIY B paMKaX
11ccrre.IJ:OBaH1151 cocTaBI1JI          83    rpH.!Mec.       (33    JJ:Orrrrapa CiliA). 3Ta :o;11¢pa 61>ma rrorryqeHa rrp11
3aHI1)l(eHHOH o:o;eHKe ycrrOB11H, JJ:OIIYCKa51                       50%      pa3pbiB B o6neMe IIp0113BOJJ:CTBa JJ:OMaiiiH11X
X0351HCTB, KOTOpbie IIpOJJ:aiOT CBOJO rrpOJJ:YK:U11JO, 11 X0351HCTB, KOTOpbie He 3aH11MaJOTC51
rrpo.IJ:a)l(eH:. MeHbiiii1H pa3pbiB Me)l(JJ:y JJ:ByM51 rpyrrrraMI1 JJ:OMaiiiHI1X X0351HCTB JII1IIIb yserr11q11T
ycrrOBHO Haql1cJieHHbiH JJ:OXOJJ: OT co6CTBeHHOf0 IIOTpe6rreHI151.                                        B    JIJ060M crryqae, JJ:a)l(e rrp11
HaiiieM        3aH11)l(eHHOM          JJ:OIIyll(eHI111,      cpe.IJ:H11H      JJ:OXOJJ:    Ha JJ:YIIIY         B   pa3Mepe         83 rpH./MeC.
3Haqi1TeJibHO rrpeBbiiiiaeT qepTy 6e.IJ:HOCTI1                       73   rpH./MeC., ycTaHOBJieHHyJO B KOH:Ue                        1998 r.
                                   5. ColfUa.JlbHaJl UHrjJpacmpyKmypa u ypo6eHb :J/CU3HU                                                         43



     OnpeiJeJteHue cmoUMocmu npoiJyKlfUU, npOU36eCJeHHOU CJoMaUJHUM X03Riicm6oM

     ,l0H orrpe.n:enemur CTOHMOCTH IIpOJ(yKU,HH, IIpOH3BeJ(eHHOll J(OMaiiiHHM X03HHCTBOM, HaqHeM C
     J(aHHhiX 0 peaJIH3all,HH IIpOJ(yKTOB C rrpeyca.n:e6Hh!X yqaCTKOB. 0KOJIO                               60%    J(OMaiUHHX X03HHCTB
     coo6lll,HJIH o peanH3au,HH rrpo.n:yKUHH c rrpeyca.n:e6Horo )"'aCTKa; .n:oxo.n: OT rrpo.n:a:am rrpo.n:yKU,HH
     3THX "TOBapHhiX" J(OMaiiiHHX X03HIIcTB B cpe.n:HeM COCTaBJIHeT                               88    rpH./MeC.      (35   J(OJI. CillA).
     ,ll;oMaiiiHHe X03HHCTBa, coo6mHBIIIHe o rrpo.n:a)J(e rrpo.n:yKUHH c rrpeyca.n:e6Horo yqacTKa, rrpo.n:aiOT
     OKOJIO   50%    CBOero o6neMa IIpOH3BOJ(CTBa, OCTaJihHaH qaCTh HJ(eT Ha IIOYpe6JieHHe CeMheH. I1pH
     cpe.n:Hell peaJIH3aU,HH       88   rpH./X03., Mhl OIIpe.n:eJIIIJIH o6myiO CTOHMOCTh IIpOH3BeJ(eHHOll IIpOJ(yKU,HH
     J(JIH "ToBapHhix" .n:oMaiiiHHX xo3llilcTB B pa3Mepe                        176   rpH.!Mec.   (70       .n:on. ClllA), rronoBHHa H3
     KOTOpOH -      3TO CTOHMOCTh IIpO.D:YKTOB C rrpHyca.n:e6HOrO yqaCTKa, KOTOphie CeMhH IIOTpe6JIHeT J(JIH
     rro.n:.n:ep)J(aHIUI csoero cymecTsosaHIUI.


     OcTaJihHhie      40%        .n:oMaiiiHHX xo3HilcTB         a    Bhi6opKe      He coo6mHnH          o    KaKoil-JIH6o    peanmau,HH,
     II03TOMY    Mhl       He    MO)J(eM    orrpe.n:eJIHTh      CTOHMOCTh        IIpOH3BeJ(eHHOll           HMH    npo.n:yKU,HH     rrpHMhiM
     CIIOC060M. AHaJIH3 J(OMaiUHHX X03HHCTB B pa3pe3e IIOKa3hiBaeT, qyo X03l!HCTBa, He 3aHHMalOlll,HeCH
     peanmau,Heli,         KaK    npaBHJIO,      MeHbiUe       "TOBapHhiX"         J(OMalliHHX    X03HHCTB         H   60JibllleH   qaCThlO
     peaJIH3YlQT H3JIHllleK rrpomse.n:eHHOli npo.n:yKu,HH. TaKHM o6pa30M, Mhi MO)J(eM .n:onycTHTh, qyo rrpH
     J(OCTaToqHo 3aHH)J(eHHOH OU,eHKe, J(OMaiUHHe X03l!llCTBa,                           He peaJIH3YlOlll,He CBOIO rrpo.n:yKU,HIO,
     IIpOH3BOJ(l!T     B    cpe.n:HeM      50%    06beMa        IIpOH3BOJ(CTBa        "TOsapHhiX"           J(OMaiUHHX    X03l!HCTB,    qyo
     cocTaBJIHeT     88     rpH.!Mec.      (35   .n:on.    ClllA) rrpH IIOJIHOM rroYpe6JieHHH 3TOro                     o6neMa ceMheil.
     YqHThiBaH       HalliH J(OIIylll,eHIUI, BCe           J(OMaiiiHHe X03HHCTBa B BhJ60pKe B                     cpe.n:HeM IIOYpe6JIHlOT
     rrpo.n:yKUHH co CBOHX rrpHyca.n:e6HhiX yqacTKOB Ha                    88   rpH.!Mec.   (35   .n:on. ClllA); 3yY cyMMY cne.n:yeT
     IIpH6aBHTh K J(OXOJ(y CeMhH, KOTOphlH OHa IIOJiyqaeT H3 06bJqHbiX HCTOqHHKOB, BKJIIOqaH 3aprrnary,
     IIeHCHH H J(eHe)J(Hhie J(OXOJ(hl.




5. 3. CeMei:UibZU ooxoo '-IGCmHbZX ifJepMepoe

    OcHOBHbiM               HCToqmfKOM                    .n;oxo.n;a       ceMell.        qacTHbiX                ¢epMepoB             JIBJUieTcJI
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHa5I ,[(eJITeJibHOCTb                      (76%      CeMeHHOrO ,[(OXO.[(a) IIJIIOC ,[(OXO,[( H3 rrpoqHx, He
CB5I3aHHbiX     C     Hell        HCTOqHifKOB,             TaKHX       KaK      3apiiJiaTa        H    IIeHCHJI        (16% ).      ,[(OXO,[(    OT
,[(eJITeJibHOCTH      X035IHCTBa           BHe       OCHOBHOrO             CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOrO                     IIpOH3BO,[(CTBa          IIO-
rrpe)l<HeMy     COCTaBJIJieT            MeHee         10%           6IO,[()l(eTa      CeMbH       (Puc. 5.1).                IJepeBO.[(bi        OT
pO.[(CTBeHHHKOB 3a rpaHHU:eH 5IBJ15IIOTC5I He3HaqHTeJibHbiM ¢aKTOpOM B Bbi60pKe: JIHIIIb                                                        5%
¢epMepoB coo6ru:aroT o po,n:cTBeHHHKax, pa6oTaiOII.J:HX 3a rpaHHU:ell.. HHKTO H3 ¢epMepoB B
Bbi60pKe He IIOJiyqaeT IIOMOII.J:H H3 :noro HCTOqHHKa. IJoqTif IIOJIOBHHa ceMeH coo6ru:aiOT 0
3a.[(ep)l(KaX B BbiiiJiaTe rreHCHH cpOKOM ,[(0                      5 MeCJIU:eB.
44              YKpauHa: o63op onb1ma peopzaHU3a11UU CeJlbCKOX03RucmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu



                           CTpyKTypa AOXOAa ceMelll "'aCTHbJX ct>epMepoe



                        CenbcKOX03Ri.icTaeHHBl'l
                           ABl'ITeilbHOCTb
                                76%




                                                                             Hexo3l'li1cTaeHHBl'l
                                                                                ABl'ITBilbHOCTb
                                                                                      16%
                                                                  npeAnp~H~MBTBilbCKBl'l
                                                                     ABl'ITBilbHOCTb
                                                                           8%
                           PMCYHOK      5.1.

     ITo coo6rn:emurM pecrroH.neHTOB, .nm1 rroMep)l{amur HOpMa.JihHoro )l{H3HeHHoro ypoBH5l
HX ceMell:, HM Tpe6yeTC5l B cpe.nHeM           1 400 rpH.!Mec. mm 560 .nonnapoB ClllA. 3Ty u:mppy
cne.nyeT cpaBHHTh c pe3yiii>TaToM           < 350 rpH.!Mec. rrnrr 140 .nonnapoB ClllA, rronyqeHHhiM B
rrpe.Il:hl.Il:YIUeM pa3.nene .Il:J15l peanhHOrO .Il:OXO.Il:a CeMeH aKU:HOHepoB CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX
rrpe.nrrprr5ITHH (cMOTpH    Ta6mnzy 5.4).

     Ou;eHKa OTBeTOB pecrroH.neHTOB .naeT .nocTaToqHo II03HTHBHYJO KapTHHY ypoBH5l )l{H3HH
ceMell:   qacTHhiX    cpepMepoB        (Pnc. 5.2).       IToqTH        60%   pecrroH.neHTOB            ou;eHHBaJOT        CBOH
)l{H3HeHHhiH ypoBeHh KaK y.noBJieTBoprrTeiihHhiH (B CMhiCJie B03MO)l{HOCTH rro3BOIIHTh ce6e
KYIIHTh rrpO.Il:OBOJihCTBeHHhie TOBapbi, O.Il:e)l{.Il:Y H rrpoqrre rrpe.nMeThi CeMeHHOrO IIOTpe6neHH5l
IIOCJie   Y.Il:OBJieTBopeHH5l   CBOHX       OCHOBHhiX IIOTpe6HOCTeH)                 HJIH .na)l{e      XOpOIIIHH     (B TOM
CMhiCJie,   qTo   ceMh5l He rrcrrhiThiBaeT HrrKaKHX MaTepHa.JihHhiX TPY.Il:HOcTell:).                             Ern:e   40%
pecrroH.neHTOB YKa3a.JIH, qTo rrx .noxo.n .nocTaToqHhiH, qTo6bi KYIIHTh rrpo.nyKThi rrrrTaHH5l H
rrpe.nMeThi rrepBOH Heo6XO.Il:HMOCTH.              nmnh TpOe peCIIOH.Il:eHTOB IIO)Ka.JIOBaJiaCb, qTO He
MO)l{eT rro3BOIIHTh KYIIHTh Bee Heo6xo.nrrMhie ceMbe rrpo.noBOIIhCTBeHHhie TOBapbi.                                       3TH
pe3yiii>TaThi Bepo5ITHO YKa3hiBaJOT Ha ynyqrneHHe 3KOHOMrrqecKoro rrono)l{eHH5l qacTHhiX
cpepMepOB B cpaBHeHHH C o6cJie.Il:OBaHHeM BceMHpHOrO 6aHKa 3a                               1996 r.,        B KOTOpOM     70%
pecrroH.neHTOB oxapaKTeprr30Ba.JIH ypoBeHh )l{H3HH cBorrx ceMell: KaK y.noBJieTBOpHTeJihHhiH
HJIH XOpOillHH H     30%- KaK Hey.noBJieTBOpHTeJibHbiH.

     B    cooTBeTCTBHH      c    B     u:enoM      rro3HTHBHOH         ou;eHKOH        )l{H3HeHHoro          ypoBH5l,     40%
pecrroH.neHTOB     coo6rn:rrnrr,      qTo      rrocne   C03.Il:aHH5l    qacTHoro        X035IHCTBa          3KOHOMrrqecKoe
rroJIO)KeHrre rrx ceMell: ynyqrnrrnocb rr IIHillh            12%       YKa3a.JIH Ha ero yxy.nrneHrre              (Pnc. 5.3).
I1o.no6HhiM o6pa30M,       40%       peCIIOH.Il:eHTOB O)l{H.Il:aJOT, qTO HX 3KOHOMrrqecKOe IIOJIO)KeHHe B
6y.nyrn:eM YII)"'IllHTC5l HJIH, ITO KpaHHeH Mepe, He H3MeHHTC5l H                                 JIHillh   12%    O)l{H.Il:aJOT
.Il:a.JlhHeHrnero yxy.nrneHH5l (B CYIUHOCTH, 3TO Te )l{e peCIIOH.Il:eHThi, KOTOpbie C006IIIHIIH 06
yxy.nrneHHH IIOJIO)KeHH5l HX CeMeH IIOCJie C03.Il:aHH5l qacTHOrO X035IHCTBa; TaKHM o6pa30M,
IIeCCHMHCThi rrpO.Il:OJI)KaJOT rreCCHMHCTHqecKH CMOTpeTb B 6y.nyiiiee).
                              5. ColfUaJ/bHClfl umjJpacmpyKmypa u ypoeeHb :JICU3HU                              45


                     04eHKa >KH3HeHHOrO ypOBH~ ceMeH '"laCTHbiX 4lepMepOB




                     H~>Ke npo>K~TOYHoro
                                                  ~
                npo>K~TOYHbli-1 M~H~MYM
                                                                                            I
                  Y.QosneTsop~TenbHbli-1



                                  Xopow~i-1



                                                 0       10         20        30       40       50

                           PHCYHOK        5.2.




                       1113MeHeHHe 3KOHOMH'"IeCKOrO nOllO>KeHH~ CeMeH B
                                      peTpocneKTHBe ., nepcneKTHBe




            YnyYwHnocb



                He
            ~3MeH~nOCb ~EE~EEEEE~
                                                                                   0 nepcneKTHBHOe


            Yxy.Qw~nocb



               He
           onpe,Qen~ncR




                          0          10          20      30        40        50

            P~rtcyHoK     5.3.


B   u:enoM II03HTHBHM ou:eHKa ypoBH5I :>KH3HH ceMbH 6e3ycnoBHo 5IBJI5IeTc5I CBH,IJ;eTeJibCTBOM
y,IJ;oBneTBOpHTeJihHhiX pe3yJihTaToB pa6oThi xo35IHCTBa.                 B   cooTBeTCTBHH c 3THM BhiBO,IJ;OM,
85%   cpepMepoB C006II.J;HJIH 0 CBOeM HaMepeHHH BJIO:>KH:Tb HeKOTOpYJO qaCTb HHBeCTHU:HH B
ceJibCKOe X035IHCTBO B TeqeHH:e IIOCJie,IJ;y.IOII.J;HX ,IJ;Byx JieT; 60JibiiiHHCTBO peCIIOH,IJ;eHTOB B
HaCT05III.J;ee BpeM5I IIJiaHHpyeT OCyii.J;eCTBHTb 6onee O,Il;HOrO HHBeCTHI.J;HOHHOrO IIpoeKTa.                   K
HaH6onee IIOIIYII5IpHbiM HHBeCTHU:H5IM                OTHOC5ITC5I IIpH:o6peTeHH:e CeJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHOH
TeXHHKH    (30%),    CKOTa      (25%)     H IIOCeB HOBbiX MHOrOJieTHHX TpaB             (20%). ITo IIpOrH03aM,
IIOTpe6HOCTb B HHBeCTHU:H5IX COCTaBJI5IeT OKOJIO }             00   TbiC. rpH. ( 40   000 ,IJ;OJIJiapoB CillA) rrpH
O:>KH,IJ;aeMOH HOpMe IIpH6biJIH       30%.       bOJibiiiHHCTBO cpepMepOB IIJiaHHpyeT cpH:HaHCHpOBaTb 3TH
HHBeCTHU:HH H3 C06CTBeHHhiX c6epe)l(eHHH                  (55%),    MeHee    25%   rrpe,IJ;JiaraiOT HCIIOJib30BaTb
6aHKOBCKH:e Kpe,Il;HTbi H rrpoqH:e 3aHMbi.
  6. 1Ipou3BO.LJ;CTBO u npou3BO.LJ;UTeJihHOCTh: ceJihCKOX03HHCTBennhle npe.LJ;npUHTUH u
                                     qacTHhie 4JepMephi

0CH06HOe CeJlbCKOX035tUCmeeHHOe npOU3600cmeo


             CenhCKOX035IHCTBeHHbie rrpe.n:rrpH5ITH5I B YKpaHHe Bcema 6bmH rrpoH3BOLJ:HTeJI5IMH
pa3H006pa3HOH IIpOLJ:YKUHH. f1pOLJ;OJI:>Ka5I :ny TpaLJ;H:UHIO, OKOJIO                         90%    X035IHCTB B Bbi60pKe
C006IIIaiOT 0 CMeiiiaHHOM IIpOH3BOLJ;CTBe, BKJIIOqa5J: :>KHBOTHOBOLJ;CTBO H pacTeHHeBOLJ;CTBO, a B
HeKoTopbiX          cnyqMx       CaLJ:OBOLJ:CTBO         H     BHHorpa.n:apcTBO.          HoMeHKJiaTypa     rrpoH3BOLJ:HMorr
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiMH rrpeLJ;IIpH5ITH5IMH IIpOLJ:YK:UHH B 60JibiiiOH Mepe OCTaeTC5I TaKOH :>Ke,
KaK      H    B   rrepHOLJ;   LJ:O    Haqana     pe¢opMbi.           f1pOCJie:tKHBaeTC5I      rrpe.n:rroqTeHHe     B     IIOJib3Y
pacTeHHeBOLJ;CTBa: 6oJiee             60%     BaJIOBOH IIpOLJ:YK:UHH ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX rrpeLJ;IIpH5ITHH
LJ;aeT pacTeHHeBOLJ;CTBO, B TO BpeM5I KaK LJ;OJI5I :tKHBOTHOBOLJ;CTBa COCTaBJI5IeT MeHee                          40% (Puc.
6.1.).

                   HoMeHKJlaTypa npo,qyK~IIIIII B c/x npe,qnpiii~TIII~x 111 q>epMepcKHX
                       X03~MCTB3X (% OT CTOIIIMOCTIII BanOBOM npo,qyK~IIIIII)



                  100%    ~----.-----~----------~-----,----~




                                                                                              D )f{l'!BOTHOBO,QCTBO
                                                                                              IE PacTeHl'!eBOACTBO




                              C/x    npe,Qnpl-IHTl'IH            IIIH.Ql'IBl-IAYanbHble
                                                                       X03fi~CTB8
                   PHCYHOK     6.1.

             HarrpaBJieHHe crre:UHaJIH3a:UHH qacTHhiX ¢epMepoB <PYHLJ:aMeHTaJihHO OTJIHqaeTc5I OT
KpyrrHhiX X035IHCTB. Bee qacTHbie ¢epMepbi B Bhi6opKe BbipaiiiHBaiOT pacTeHHeBo.n:qecKYIO
IIPOLJ:YK:UHIO,      HO    TOJibKO      30%      5IBJI5IIOTC5I      IIpOH3BOLJ;HTeJI5IMH      H    paCTeHHeBOLJ;qecKOH          H
:tKHBOTHOBOLJ;qecKOH IIpo,n:yK:UHII; OCTaJihHhie                     70%    CIIeiJ;IIaJIII3IIpYfOTC5I IICKJIIOqiiTeJihHO Ha
rrpOII3Bo,n:cTBe pacTeHIIeBo,n:qecKoH: rrpo,n:yK:UIIII. HoMeHKnazypa rrpoii3BO.D:HMOH rrpo,n:yK:UHH
cpe,n:Hero        qacTHoro     ¢epMepa B          3TOM         o6cne.n:oBaHHH       cocTOHT       6onee   qeM   Ha     90%     H3
paCTeHHeBOLJ;qecKOH H Ha                10%     H3 :tKHBOTHOBO,n:qeCKOH IIpOLJ:YK:UHH               (Puc. 6.1.).       ,I(a:>Ke Te
X035IHCTBa, KOTOpbie rrpOH3BOLJ:5IT H :tKHBOTHOBOLJ;qeCKYfO H pacTeHHeBOLJ;qeCKYfO IIpOLJ:YK:UHIO
(MeHee        TpeTH       Bbi60pKH),       OTLJ;aiOT         3Haqi:ITeJibHOe     rrpe,n:rroqTeHHe     pacTeHHeBo,n:qeCKOH
IIpOLJ;YK:UHH: HOMeHKJiaTypa IIpOH3BO)J:HMOH HMH rrpo,n:yK:UHH Ha                     75% COCTOHT H3 rrpo,n:yK:UHH
paCTeHHeBOLJ;CTBa H JIHIIIb Ha            25% H3        rrpOLJ:YK:UHH :tKHBOTHOBOLJ;CTBa (TafiJiu_u:a 6.1.).


             OcHOBHorr        rrpHqHHorr,        rro         KOToporr     pecrroHLJ;eHThi      H36eraiOT        rrpoH3BO.D:HTh
:tKHBOTHOBOLJ;qecKYfO            IIpOLJ:YK:UHIO,         5IBJI5IeTC5I      HeLJ;OCTaToqHa5I        rrpH6biJibHOCTb         (40%
pecrroHLJ;eHTOB). TaKHM o6pa30M rrpe.n:cTaBJI5IeTC5I, qTo qacTHhie ¢epMepbi rrpHcrroco6HJIH
HOMeHKJiaTypy IIpOH3BOLJ;HMOH HMH IIpOLJ;YK:UHH B OTBeT Ha CHrHaJibi pbiHKa B 3Haqi:ITeJibHO
6onhrnerr cTerreHH, qeM pyKoBOLI:HTeJIH KpyrrHhiX X035IHCTB. ,I(pyrHM B03MO:tKHhiM ¢aKTopoM,
48               YKpauHa: o63op onbzma peopzmm3atJuu cenbCKOX03Rucm6eHHblX npeonpURmuu



KOHeqHo,         MO)l(eT         6hiTh      HeXBaTKa               HaqaJihHOfO             Kamnarra         .IJ:JUI     IIpOII3BO.IJ:CTBa
)l(JIBOTHoso.nqecKoll:          rrpo.nyK:U:IIII:     B   TO     speM5l       KaK     KpyrrHhie       X035IHCTBa         yHacne.nosarrJI
IIpOII3BO.IJ:CTBeHHyiO IIH¢pacTpyKTypy 6biBIIIIIX KOJIJieKTJIBHhiX X035IHCTB, HOBbie 'IaCTHhie
¢epMepbi JICIIhiThiBaiOT He.IJ:OCTaTOK cpe.IJ:CTB, He06XO.IJ:liMhiX .IJ:JI5l IIpii06peTeHJI5l )l(JIBOTHhiX II
rrocTpoll:KII ocHOBHhiX xo35IHCTBeHHhiX 3.IJ:aHJill:. O.nHaKo, pecrroH.neHThi He coo6maiDT o
HeXBaTKe KaiiiiTaJia KaK OCHOBHOH IIpJiqJIHe o6eCIIOKOeHHOCTJI.


            Ta6mm,a 6.1.           Pa3Hoo6pa3IIe II HOMeHKnaTypa rrpoii3BO.IJ:IIMOll: rrpo.nyK:U:IIII
          CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiMII rrpe.nrrpii5ITJI5IMJI II JIH.IJ:IIBII.IJ:YaJihHhiMJI ¢epMepaMH
                                                                           HarrpasneHHe crreU,HaJIH3aU,HH

                                                   C/x rrpeil,rrpiD!THH                       l1H)J,HBH)J,yaJihHhie X03HllCTBa

 CMeiiiaHHaH: pacTeHHeBO)J,CTBO                           90%                                               30%
 H )!{HBOTHOBO)J,CTBO

 ToJihKO pacTeHHeBO)J,CTBO                                 9%                                               70%
                                                                   HoMeHKJiarypa rrpOH3BOiJ,HMOli rrpoiJ,YKU,HH

                                            CeJihCKOX03HHCTBeHHhie                            Bee                       Xo3Hil.CTBa

                                                     npeArrpiD!THH                   HH}l,HBH)J,YaJihHhie              CMeiiiaHHOH

                                                                                           X03HllCTBa                 cneu.nann3au.nn

 PacTeHHeBO)J,CTBo                                        62%                                 91%                          77%
 )I{HBOTHOBO)J,CTBO                                       38%                                  9%                          23%

         OcHOBHhiMII KynoTypaMJI .IJ:JI5I scex cenhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpoii3BO.IJ:IITenell: (II .nn5l
rrpe.nrrpii5ITJIH    II .Il:JI5l JIH.IJ:IIBII.IJ:YaJihHhiX X035IHCTB) 5IBJ15IIOTC5l 3epHOBhie,                        IIO.IJ:COJIHeqHJIK,
caxapHa5I cseKna, KopMoBhie Kyn~>Typoi (sKniOqa5I ceHo, o.nHoneTHIIe II MHoroneTHIIe TpaBhi,
KyKypy3a Ha CJIJIOC II pa3JIJiqHhie KOpHeiiJIO.IJ:bi). I1paKTJiqeCKJI OTCYTCTByeT pa3HJI:U:a B
cTpyKType           rroceBHhiX           rrnoma.nell:          B         peopraHII30BaHHhiX,                HepeopraHII30BaHHhiX
ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe.nrrpii5ITJI5IX, a TaK)l(e liH.IJ:liBII.IJ:YaJihHhiX X035IHCTBaX                                (T a6mn].a
6.2.).   I1pii6JIII3JITeJihHO         60%    IIOCeBHOH IIJIOI:u;a.IJ:II 3aCeBaeTC5l 3epHOBhiMII (B OCHOBHOM
IIIIIeHII:U:ell:) II eme        20%    HaXO.IJ:liTC5l IIO.IJ: KOpMOBhiMJI KYJihTypaMII. 0BOIUII, KapTO¢enb,
BliHOrpa.n JIJIII tPPYKThi 3aHJIMaiOT oqeHh He3HaqJITeJihHYIO qacTh B03.IJ:eJihiBaeMOH 3eMnJI: 3TJI
KYJihTyphi B OCHOBHOM IIpOII3BO.IJ:5ITC5l Ha IIpiiyca.ne6HhiX yqaCTKaX, a He B KOMMepqecKJIX
X035IHCTBax.


Ta6Jiuua 6.2.        CTpyKTypa rroceBHhiX rrnoma.nell: .nn5l pa3HhiX KaTeropiill: X035IHCTB                                 ('Yo o6mell:
                                                      rrocesuoll: rrnoma.nii)
                                                    PeopraHII30BaHHhie              HepeopraHH30BaH              liH.IJ.HBH.IJ.YaiibHhie
                                                         X03HMCTBa                       Hhie X03HHCTBa                X03HHCTBa
 3epHOBbie                                                     59                              62                          59
 TirnemnJ.a                                                    35                              33                          44
 IlO.IJ.COJIHe'IHifK                                            12                             14                          12
 CaxapHaH cseKna                                                6                               1                           6
 CeHo, TpaBbi, .IJ.pyrHe KOpMOBbie
 KYJihTYPhi                                                    21                              18                          21
 ,Il;pyme KYJihTYPhi                                            2                               5                           2
 06IU,aH noceBHal! nJioiU,a.IJ.h                               100                             100                         100

         XoT5l      o6I:u;a5I    CTPYKTypa rroceBHhiX                    rrnoma.nell:     5IBJI5leTC5l   O.IJ:IIHaKOBhill: .IJ:JI5l scex
IIpOII3BO.IJ:IITenell:,    cyi:u;eCTByiOT          pa3JIJiqJI5l      B    IIOp5I.IJ:Ke    BeJIJiqJIH     06oeMOB        IIpOII3BO.IJ:CTBa
cenhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX                rrpe.nrrpii5ITIIH       II    ¢epMepCKIIX            X035IHCTB      (Ta6JIHIJ.a 6.3. ).         3Ta
          6. Jlpou3eoocmeo u npou3eooume!lbHocmb: cenbcKoxo3RucmeeHHble npeonpURmUR u 'laCmHbze                                         49


pa3HHIJ;a B ypo)l{ae KOHeqHo orrpe.n;emreTC5I 3HaqH:TeJihHOH pa3HHIJ;eif B pa3Mepax Me)l{.D;y
3THMH      .D;BYM5I    rpyrrrraMH      IIpOH3BO.D;HTeJieif:         IIOCeBHM          IIJIOIIJ;a.D;b    ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX
rrpe.n;IIpH5ITHH COCTaBJI5IeT B Cpe.n;HeM OKOJIO                    2000        reKTapOB, B TO BpeM5I KaK B qaCTHbiX
X035IHCTBaX 3aCe5IHO B cpe.n;HeM MeHee                 100 reKTapOB.

                   .. 06beMbi IIpOH3BO.D;CTBa B
     T a 6JIH.u;a 63                                          pa3HbiX KaTeropH5IX X035IHCTB (TOHHI X035IHCTBO )

                                            PeopramnosaHHbie                 HepeopramnosaHHhie                  HH.D;HBM.D;YaJibHhie
                                                    X035IHCTBa                       X035IHCTBa                      X035IHCTBa

 3epHOBbJe                                            2 400                             2 900                            I75
 ITrneHMJia                                            I 700                            2 600                            130
 fiO)J.COJIHe'IHMK                                      350                               850                             55
 CaxapHa5I cBeKJia                                    2 400                              I 200                           350
 CeHo, Tpashr                                          I 800                              500                            320
 CpeJJ.HHH rroceBHM IIJIOIJiaJJ.b                    I 700 ra                          2 300 ra                         85 ra

           PeopraHH3aiJ;H5I      rroKa        cyru;ecTBeHHO         He     IIOBJIH5IJia       Ha       rrpo.n;yKTHBHOCTh        3eMJIH,
IIOCKOJihKY      He     Ha6mo.n;aeTC5I         qeTKOrO        OTJIHL[H5I        B   ypoBHe         ypo)l{aHHOCTH        pa3JIHL[HbiX
KaTeropHH X035IHCTB: (peopraHH30BaHHhie H HepeopraHH30BaHHbie X035IHCTBa; rrpe.n;rrpH5ITH5I
H cpepMepcKHe X035IHCTBa). ~JI5I O.D;HHX KYJihTyp Me.D;HaHa H MO.D;a cpe.n;HeH ypo)l{aHHOCTH B
peopraHH30BaHHbiX X035IHCTBaX Bbiiiie, qeM B HepeopraHH30BaHHbiX, B TO BpeM5I KaK )J;JI5I
.n;pymx KYJihTYP CHTyau;H5I rrpoTHBOIIOJIO)KHM                      (Ta6Jinu;a 6.4.).          Ho so scex cnyqMx pa3HHu;a
(B    o60HX    HarrpaBJieHH5IX)          He    5IBJI5IeTC5I    CTaTHCTHL[eCKH             3HaqH:MOH,         H     TaKHM     o6pa30M
rrpe.D;IIOJIO)KeHHe 0 TOM, L[TO peopraHH30BaHHbie X035IHCTBa HCIIOJib3YIOT CBOIO 3eMJIIO 6onee
rrpo.n;yKTHBHO,         qeM      HepeopraHH30BaHHbie,                      He       rro.n;Tsep)l{.n;aeTc5I.        E.n;HHCTBeHHhiM
HCKJIIOL[eHH:eM 5IBJI5IeTC5I          IIO.D;COJIHeqHHK,       ITO    KOTOpOMY HepeopraHH30BaHHhie                          X035IHCTBa
IIOJiyqaiOT     60JibiiiHe     ypO)l{aH,       a     pa3HHIJ;a      5IBJI5IeTC5I     CTaTHCTH:qeCKH              3HaqHMOH,         HO   B
«OIIIH6oqHOM» HarrpaBJieHHH.




Ta6Jinu;a 6.4.        ITpo.n;yKTHBHOCTh B X035IHCTBax pa3HhiX KaTeroprrH: (Krlra pacTeHrreso.n;qecKoH:
                                      rrpo.n;yKIJ;HH; KrI KOpOBYI fO.D; )J;JI5I MOJIOKa)

                                              Cpeil,H5IR                                                 Me)l,HaHa

                           PeopraHH-          HepeopraHH-        qaCTHbJe           PeopraHH-          HepeopraHH-         qaCTHbie

                           30BaHHhre           30BaHHhre         cpepMepbr          30BaHHhie            30BaHHhre         cpepMepbr

 3epHOBbre (scero)            2 600                2 300            2 300             2 500                1 800            2 500
 IliiieHHJia                  3 100                2 900            2 500             3 000               2 800             2 500
 CaxapHaR cBeKJia            17 000                13 700           26 000            15 600              12 400            27 000
 CeHo                         6 700                3 200            4 750             3 400               2 400              1 350
 KapTocpeJib                  9 000                6 500            14 300            7 300                7 200            14 000
 0BOIUI1                      10 000               9 100            12500             8 400                7 300            5 000
 flo)l,COJIHe'IHHK            1 100                1 500            3 900             1 100                1 400             1 200
 KyKypy3a Ha

 CHJIOC                      14 000                16 400             --              11 000              16 000              --
 MonoKo                       1 950                1 600            3 400             1 850                1 500            3 500
50                YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHU3alfuu cenbcKoxo3RucmeeHHblX npeiJnpURmuu



        CTaTHCTHqecKH 6orree 3HaqHMa~ pa3HHu,a ITO~Brr~eTc~ ITPH cpaBHeHHH KPYITHhiX
CeJihCKOX03~HCTBeHHhiX ITpe,ll;ITpH~THH (KaK peopraHH30BaHHhiX, TaK H HepeopraHI1.30BaH-
HhiX) C qacTHhiMH ¢epMepCKHMH X03~HCTBaMH, XOT~ CHTyau,H~ OCTaeTC~ Hey6e)J;HTeJihHOH.
lJaCTHhie     ¢epMephi         ITOJiyqaiOT       6orree        BhiCOKHe       ypo:IKaH    caxapHOH         CBeKJihi,          KOpHeBhiX
KOpHeiTJIO)J;OB H KapTo¢err~; B TO BpeM~ KaK KpyiTHhie CeJihCKOX03~HCTBeHHhie ITpe,ll;IIpH~TH~
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CTaTHCTHqeCKH cyrn;eCTBeHHa Ha ypoBHe 10%) H 6onee KOpOTKOe BpeM51 3aHHMaiOT CBOH
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0CH06Hble nOKa3ame!lU peop2GHU306GHHblX U HepeopzaHU306GHHblX Ce!lbCKOX035lUCm6eH1lblX
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Bhr6opKy peopraHH30BaHHhre X0351HCTBa 6hiJIH nyqiiie, qeM HepeopraHH30BaHHhie ,[(a)l(e ):(O
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nOKa3aTenH OTHOCHTenbHOH npO):(YKTHBHOCTH ( 06beM npo,[(a)l( B pacqeTe Ha reKTap 3eMnH H
Ha O,[(HOrO pa6oTHHKa) B cpaBHeHHH C peopraHH30BaHHhiMH X0351HCTBaMH. J1ccne,[(OBaHHhie B
Bhi60pKe HepeopraHH30BaHHhie X0351HCTBa HCnOnh3yiOT CBOH pecypChl MeHee npo):(yKTHBHO,
qeM peopraHH30BaHHhle cenhCKOX0351HCTBeHHhie npe):(npH51TH51.
                       7. CpaeHeHue peopzaHU3oeaHHblX u HepeopzaHu3oeaHHblX xo3Riicme                                             57


   Ta6JIII.Qa   7.2.   OcHOBHbie xapaKTeprrcTrrKrr peopraHrr3oBaHHhiX rr HepeopraHH30BaHHhiX
                                                             X035IHCTB
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  3eMJIH, ra                                                                    3 311                         3 974
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  06oeM npo~mK B pacqeTe Ha reKTap 3eMJIH, rpH.                                   322                          227
  06'heM npO.D;mK B pacqeTe Ha O.D;HOrO pa60THYIKa,
  rpH.                                                                          4 073                         3 100
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         ITprro6peTeHHbie           MaTeprraJibHO-TexHw:recKrre                 pecypchi      5IBJI5IIOTC5I   e,n:rrHCTBeHHhiM
pecypcoM,        KOTOpbiH           peopraHH30BaHHbie                X035IHCTBa          HCIIOJib3YfOT          C        60JihiiieM
HHTeHCHBHOCThiO, IJeM HepeopraHrr3oBaHHbie. PeopraHH30BaHHhie xo35IMCTBa TpaT5IT 6orrhrne
Ha rrprro6peTeHrre MaTepHaJibHO-TeXHHIJeCKHX pecypCOB KaK B a6COJIIOTHOM Bbipa)KeHHH, TaK
rr B paciJeTe Ha reKTap 3eMrrrr. Bo3MO)KHO, 3To 6orrhrnee rrcrrorrh30BaHrre rrprro6peTeHHhiX
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3a:UJ,HTbl   pacTeHHH,      5IBJI5IeTC5I    pe3yJihTaTOM          6orree       BbiCOKOH       rrpo,n:yKTHBHOCTH          3eMJIH   B
peopraHH30BaHHbiX X035IHCTBaX.


llpu6bZ!lbHOCmb, ebzpa:JICeHHa5l K03cpcpulfueHmoM npooa:JIC

         J1ccrre,n:oBaB     OCHOBHbie           xapaKTepHCTHKH           MaTepHaJibHO-TeXHHIJeCKHX                  pecypCOB      Ii
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MO)KeM paCClJHTaTh HX peHTa6eJibHOCTh HJIH K03tPtPHIIHeHT rrpo,n:a)l{ ( COOTHOIIIeHHe IIpH6hiJIH
HJIH y6biTKOB      K    rrpo,n:a)KaM,      Bbipa)KeHHa5I B IIpOIIeHTaX OT CTOHMOCTH peaJIH30BaHHOH
rrpo,n:yKIIHH). Ta6JIII.Qa      7.3   rrpe,n:cTaBJI5IeT cpaBHeHHe OIIeHOIJHhiX Ko3¢¢rriiHeHTOB rrpo,n:a)K
,ll;JI5I peopraHH30BaHHbiX Ii HepeopraHH30BaHHbiX X035IHCTB B Bbi6opKe B rrepno,n:                                  1997   ro,n:a Ii
TpeTbero     KBapTaJia      1998      ro,n:a.    Bee     K03cpcpHIIHeHThi HMeiOT OTPHIIaTeJihHoe 3HaiJeHrre,
IIOCKOJibKY     X035IHCTBa      B     TeiJeHHe         3THX    rrepHO,ll;OB      rrperrMyiiieCTBeHHO          HeCJIH     y6hiTKH.
Ko3¢¢rriirreHT peHTa6errhHOCTH HepeopraHrr3oBaHHhiX X035IHCTB 6om 6orree HH3KHM (6orree
BbiCOKHe     IIOKa3aTeJIH     IIOTepb)          IIO    cpaBHeHHIO       C peHTa6eJihHOCTbiO            peopraHH30BaHHbiX
X035IHCTB KaK B         1997,   TaK Ii B              1998   ro,n:y ( O,ll;HaKO, JIHIIIb pa3HHI1a         1997      ro,n:a 6hiJia
CTaTHCTHIJeCKH 3HalJHMOH).


         B     Ta6JIII.Qe     7.3       rrpe,ll;cTaBrreHbi        ,ll;OBOJihHO      6orr~>rnrre     OTJIHIJH5I       B     ypoBHe
peHTa6eJibHOCTH         B   1997      ro,n:y     Me)K,n:y     X035IHCTBaMH,          peopraHH30BaHHbiMH              B    pa:MKaX
pa31IHlJHbiX rrpoeKTOB. B            TO )Ke BpeM5I, B            1998    ro,n:y Mbl Ha6rriO,n:aeM CXO,ll;CTBO Me)K,n:y
rrpoeKTaMH. O,n:HaKo, HH o,n:Ho H3 oTJIHIJHH B 3THX rrpoeKTax, He 5IBJI5IeTC5I cTaTHCTHIJecKrr
58              YKpaww: o63op onbtma peop2aHu3a71uu cenbCKOX03RiicmeeHHblX npeonpURmuii



3HaYIHMbiM: KOJIHYieCTBO X0351HCTB B Ka)l{)];OH H3 ,n:Byx KaTeropHH HaCTOJibKO MaJIOe, qTo ,ll;a)l{e
pa3HHIIa Me)l{,ll;y   -3% H -46% B 1997 ro,n:y He 51BJI51eTC51 CTaTHCTHYieCKH 3HaYIHMOH.

       Ta6Jim~a       7.3.    PeHTa6eJihHOCTb B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KaTeropHH peopraHH30BaHHhiX
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 X03JlUCm6a                                   9              -83*                 -53               8              -53           -34
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 X03JlUCm6a                                  76              -36*                 -25               73             -30           -21
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 * Y6biTKH, Bhlpa)KeHHbre B rrpoueHrax, B 1997 ro;zy 6biJIH 3HaqHTeJihHO Bhiiiie B HepeopraHH3osaHHhiX
 X03llllCTB ITO cpaBHeHliiO C peopraHH30BaHHhiMH; B 1998 fOJzy pa3HHira HMeeT TO )Ke HarrpaBJieHHe, HO OHa
 CTaTHCTHqecKH He3HaqHMa.


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KaYieCTBe rrepeMeHHOH ypoBH51 rrpoH3BO.ll:CTBa. ITepeMeHHhiMH pecypcos 6biJIH 3eMJI51 (s
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OIIeHKH     IIpOH3BO,ll;CTBeHHOll            cpyHKIIlili     orrpe,n:eJI51JIOCb             HaJiliYIHeM      ,n:aHHblX   B   pe3yJihTaTe
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                          7. CpaeHeHue peopzaHU306aHHblX u HepeopzaHU306aHHblX xo3Jtucme                                              59


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Ha   0,340    e.I(HHHU 60Jihiiie 3aKpeiTJieHHhiX ITpO.I(a)l{ ITO cpaBHeHHIO C HepeopraHH30BaHHhiMii
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3HaqHMbiM.


       Ta6mn1.a 7.4. PacqeTHM ITpOH3BO.I(CTBeHHM ¢YHKUH51 .I(JI51 peopraHH3oBaHHbiX II
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                                                           [ Ko3<lJcjmu;weHThi perpeccww              l   YpoBeHh 3HaLIHMOCTH
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 I1p1106peTeHHhJe M-T. pecypchi                                                 0,612                               0,000
 )I{HBOTHhJe                                                                    0,107                               0,192
 Tpy.n:oBhie pecypcbJ                                                           0,152                               0,253
 PeopraHH3aQH51                                                                 0,340                               0,020
 R-Ksa.n:paT                                                                     0,61


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60               YKpauHa: o63op onbrma peopzaHU3GlJUU ceJlbCKOX03Rucm6eHHblX npeiJnpURmuu



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62               YKpauHa: o63op onbzma peopzaHU3a1Juu ceJlbCKOX03RucmeeHHblX npeonpURmuit




                                                               ***

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