46702 ­ Annual Report 2008 Supporting the delivery of basic services in developing countries ­ Annual Report 2008 © 2008 The Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Website: www.gpoba.org E-mail: gpoba@gpoba.org All rights reserved. This report was produced by the Program Management Unit of the Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid (GPOBA). The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of GPOBA or the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Neither GPOBA nor the World Bank guarantees the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of GPOBA or the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Note on the data: All amounts are in US dollars unless otherwise specified. Design: The Word Express, Inc. Photo credits: Cover: World Bank (from left clockwise: Vietnam rural water, Uganda health, Morocco water and sanitation, Nepal biogas); Pages 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 15: World Bank; and Page 13: Naandi Foundation GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Table of Contents Message from the Program Manager ....................................................................................v Overview............................................................................................................................ 1 Mid-term review ........................................................................................................... 2 Support from donors ................................................................................................... 2 GPOBA Activities................................................................................................................ 3 Grant agreements signed............................................................................................... 3 Project results ............................................................................................................... 4 Commitments and eligibility .......................................................................................... 6 Technical assistance ...................................................................................................... 7 Collaboration with development partners ...................................................................... 8 Monitoring and evaluation............................................................................................ 9 Dissemination and outreach.........................................................................................10 Lessons and Challenges......................................................................................................11 Project implementation................................................................................................11 Leveraging other sources of finance...............................................................................11 Incentives for efficiency, quality, and innovation.............................................................11 Access to finance..........................................................................................................12 Foreign exchange risk ...................................................................................................13 Mainstreaming OBA.....................................................................................................14 Looking to the Future ........................................................................................................15 Annexes Annex 1: Financial Statement ...........................................................................................17 Annex 2: GPOBA Portfolio of Signed Grant Agreements as of June 30, 2008 .......................19 Boxes Box 1: What is output-based aid?................................................................................... 1 Box 2: Bringing natural gas to Colombia's poor .............................................................. 5 Box 3: Expanding telecom services to rural areas of Mongolia ......................................... 5 Box 4: Using OBA to reduce the impact of corruption in infrastructure ...........................10 Box 5: Performance-based contracting in health in Africa...............................................12 Figures Figure 1: Grant Agreements Signed in FY08: Share of Funding by IDA, IDA Blend or IBRD Country................................................................................. 4 Figure 2: Grant Agreements Signed in FY08: Share of Funding by Region.............................. 4 Figure 3: Grant Agreements Signed in FY08: Share of Funding by Sector .............................. 4 Tables Table 1: Grant agreements signed in FY08 ......................................................................... 3 Table 2: Disbursements as of June 30, 2008 (in US$)......................................................... 6 Table 3: Outputs delivered as of June 30, 2008.................................................................. 7 Table 4: Portfolio of projects involving subsidies as of June 30, 2008 .................................. 8 Table 5: Technical assistance approved in FY08.................................................................. 8 iii GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Message from the Program 30,400 poor households to natural gas sup- Manager ply, making cooking safer and energy more affordable. A gas and heat supply project in T Armenia has provided access to heating for his Annual Report, our second, gives an 2,300 poor households. Another GPOBA overview of what the Global Partnership grant has allowed 22,300 people living in on Output-Based Aid (GPOBA) is doing remote areas of Mongolia, including herder to increase access to basic services for the poor communities, to gain access to telephone and to improve the delivery of services that and Internet services. A project in Morocco exhibit positive externalities, such as improve- has funded water and sanitation connections ments in health and reductions in CO2. The re- for over 8,800 inhabitants of Casablanca, port explains the concept of output-based aid Meknes, and Tangiers. And a project in India (OBA) and why it is needed; describes GPOBA's has provided public access to clean water activities in support of OBA, including grant for 12,000 poor people in rural areas. These agreements for subsidy funding, technical as- are just a few examples of how OBA can help sistance, and dissemination; provides data on improve service delivery for the poor. GPOBA's activities and finances; and identifies GPOBA would not be able to deliver these lessons and challenges for future and ongoing results without the support of our donors. Sin- OBA projects. cere thanks to all of them, and especially to the This year GPOBA more than doubled Finance, Economics and Urban Department of its portfolio of signed grant agreements to the World Bank which hosts GPOBA's Program US$72 million, with new projects aimed at Management Unit. increasing access to essential services such as The views expressed in this report represent clean water for low-income families in Camer- those of the GPOBA Program Management oon, Mozambique, and Uganda, and health- Unit and should not be attributed to any one of care services for poor mothers in Yemen. In the GPOBA partners. Nepal, a new GPOBA grant is co-financing the installation of biogas plants in remote areas, supporting the government and other donors' efforts to bring affordable energy to poor households and to reduce carbon emissions and deforestation. Most of GPOBA's projects were launched only recently, but we already have achieve- ments to report. In Colombia, a project Patricia Veevers-Carter funded by GPOBA has connected over Program Manager v GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Overview (OBA), an innovative financing mechanism first introduced in 2000. Also known as "perfor- M mance-based aid" or "results-based aid" (in the any poor people in developing health sector), OBA is used in cases where poor countries continue to lack access to people are being excluded from basic services basic services. Nearly 75 percent of because they cannot afford to pay the full cost Sub-Saharan Africans and 50 percent of South of user fees such as connection charges. OBA Asians, or 1.25 billion people, do not have ac- links the payment of aid to the delivery of spe- cess to electricity. Despite progress since 1990, cific services or "outputs," thus ensuring that around 884 million individuals still lack access aid is transparent and the service provider is to safe drinking water and 2.5 billion individu- accountable for results (see Box 1). als lack access to basic sanitation. In South In 2003, the World Bank and the UK's Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, less than 50 Department for International Development percent of births are attended by skilled health (DFID) set up the Global Partnership on staff. These problems affect poor people's Output-Based Aid (GPOBA) to fund, design, health and well-being, and limit their opportu- demonstrate, and document OBA approaches. nities for development. Now in its fifth year of activity, GPOBA has a One way to improve delivery of basic ser- portfolio of active OBA pilot projects totaling vices to the poor is through output-based aid $72 million in the water and sanitation, energy, Box 1: What is output-based aid? What is OBA? firm, which receives a subsidy to complement · Output-based aid (OBA) is an innovative ap- or replace the user fees. proach to increasing access to basic services-- · The service provider is responsible for "pre- such as infrastructure, healthcare, and educa- financing" the project until output delivery. tion--for the poor in developing countries. · The subsidy is performance-based, meaning · OBA is used in cases where poor people are be- that most of it is paid only after the services or ing excluded from basic services because they outputs have been delivered and verified by an cannot afford to pay the full cost of user fees independent agent. such as connection fees. · The subsidy is explicitly targeted to the poor · OBA is also known as "performance-based aid" (e.g., by focusing on areas in which poor people or "results-based financing" (in the health sec- live). tor). It is part of a broader donor effort to ensure that aid is well spent and that the benefits go to How does OBA contribute to aid effectiveness? the poor. · Knowing who will provide and who will receive the subsidy and what it's for helps ensure · OBA projects can have positive externalities, transparency. such as improvements in health and reductions in CO2. · Payment on output delivery shifts performance risk to the provider by making him accountable. How does OBA work? · Unlike traditional approaches, OBA links the pay- · Having a fixed subsidy provides incentives for ment of aid to the delivery of specific services innovation and efficiency. or "outputs." These can include connection of · Contracting out of service delivery provides an poor households to electricity grids or water and opportunity to mobilize private sector finance sanitation systems, installation of solar heating and expertise. systems, or delivery of basic healthcare services. · The focus on outputs means that OBA schemes · Under an OBA scheme, service delivery is internalize tracking of results. contracted out to a third party, usually a private 1 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 health, and telecommunications sectors in 17 program's goals for the next five years. The countries. Four other donors have also joined Vision Statement says that OBA will be main- the program: the Australian Agency for Inter- streamed with development partners (includ- national Development (AusAID), the Dutch ing governments of developing countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGIS), the Inter- international financial institutions, bilateral national Finance Corporation (IFC), and the donors, and private foundations), with main- Swedish International Development Coopera- streaming defined as OBA being used on a tion Agency (Sida). regular basis in project design. GPOBA will Since its creation, GPOBA has been working remain a multi-donor global program housed to build up a body of experience on OBA and in the World Bank Group, with an enhanced to share the lessons learned with the develop- number of donors, and will act primarily as a ment partners. This report presents the high- center of OBA expertise by 2013. This vision lights from fiscal 2008 (July 1, 2007 to June 30, provides the framework for GPOBA's activities 2008), identifies lessons and challenges going going forward. forward, and presents GPOBA's financial state- ment for fiscal 2008 (see Annex 1). Support from donors Following the positive mid-term review of GPO- Mid-term review BA, the program received several pledges of ad- GPOBA's fifth year was an occasion for taking ditional support this year. In December 2007, stock and determining priorities for the future. Sida joined GPOBA with a contribution of $6.9 During the year, DFID commissioned an inde- million. In January 2008, AusAID pledged an pendent mid-term review of GPOBA carried out additional $33.3 million to the program and in by Ernst and Young. The review was generally May, IFC contributed a further $25.5 million. positive and concluded that: This brought total donor funding including · The concept of OBA is more widely known contributions and pledges to $179.3 million as within the World Bank of June 30, 2008 (see Annex 1). DFID has indi- · OBA is now being integrated within large cated that it will make a significant additional World Bank loan programs contribution to GPOBA in fiscal 2009, as has · GPOBA has been able to stimulate very Spain which would be supporting GPOBA for high levels of demand for its support the first time. · Projects are being carefully targeted to the poor · A much wider donor grouping has been at- tracted to support GPOBA · New and innovative approaches to OBA are being successfully piloted · Significant involvement has been secured from the private sector 1By the time of publication, AusAID had fulfilled this pledge with a contribution of $A 35 million, of As a result of this review, GPOBA de- which the first tranche (US$4.2 million) was received veloped a Vision Statement setting out the in July. 2 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 GPOBA Activities Ten of GPOBA's nineteen grant agreements were signed in fiscal 2008, for a total of $41.7 G million (see Table 1). These projects are ex- POBA continued to deliver three types pected to impact directly around 2 million poor of support for OBA approaches in fiscal people. GPOBA continues to focus its opera- 2008: grants for OBA subsidy funding, tions on the poorer countries and all but one of technical assistance, and dissemination. This the new grant agreements are in International section reviews these activities, together with Development Association (IDA) or IDA blend the project results and GPOBA's collaboration countries, which will receive 97 percent of the with other development partners. funding (see Figure 1). Five projects are in Sub- Saharan Africa, which will receive 57 percent of Grant agreements signed the funding; the others are in East Asia (three), In 2005, DFID and the World Bank decided South Asia (one), and the Middle East (one) that GPOBA should be able to provide grant (see Figure 2). financing for OBA subsidies, in addition to the In terms of sectors, seven out of ten proj- funding it was already providing for technical ects signed this year are in water and sanitation assistance and dissemination. GPOBA signed (with 63 percent of the funding), two are in its first grant agreement in April 2006 for a health, and one is in energy (see Figure 3). The gas and heat supply project in Armenia in the water and sanitation projects include a grant amount of $3.1 million. As of June 30, 2008, agreement for $6 million signed with Mozam- GPOBA has signed 19 grant agreements for a bique's Water Supply Assets and Investment total of $72 million, expected to benefit around Fund (FIPAG) to increase piped-water access 2.9 million people. A table giving details of for an estimated 468,000 people, and OBA these projects can be found in Annex 2. schemes in Cameroon, Indonesia, the Philip- Table 1: Grant agreements signed in FY08 Grant Number Average Amount of people subsidy per Country Project Name (US$m) benefiting person (US$m) Cameroon Cameroon Water Affermage contract ­ 5.25 240,000 21.88 OBA for coverage expansion Indonesia Expansion of Water Services in Low 2.57 56,000 45.95 income areas of Jakarta Mozambique Mozambique Water Private Sector 6.00 468,543 12.81 Contracts ­ OBA for coverage expansion Nepal Biogas Support Programme 5.00 261,000 19.16 Philippines Manila Water Supply 1.05 37,600 27.93 Senegal On-Site Sanitation Project 5.76 135,900 42.41 Uganda Reproductive Health Vouchers in 4.30 255,000 16.86 Western Uganda Uganda OBA in Kampala ­ Water Connections 2.53 409,000 6.18 for the Poor Vietnam Vietnam Rural Water (EMW) 3.00 150,000 20.00 Yemen Yemen Safe Motherhood Program 6.23 80,000 77.90 Total 41.7 2,093,043 19.92 3 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Figure 1: pines, Senegal, Uganda, and Vietnam. The two Grant Agreements Signed in FY08: Share of grant agreements in the health sector are for Funding by IDA, IDA Blend or IBRD Country Uganda (reproductive health) and Yemen (safe motherhood). A grant agreement for $5 million signed with the Government of Nepal will help to bring environmentally friendly and affordable energy (biogas) to an estimated 260,000 people IBRD IDA in remote rural areas. 3% 91% As shown in Table 1, the average subsidy IDA Blend amount for the grant agreements signed in 6% fiscal 2008 is $4.17 million and the average subsidy per beneficiary is $19.92. Experience has shown that subsidy requirements tend to vary among sectors, with projects in health and energy often requiring higher subsidies per capita than projects in water and sanitation or telecommunications. Variations in subsidy level also reflect differences in country and local cir- Figure 2: cumstances, and in the nature and scope of the Grant Agreements Signed in FY08: Share of services provided. Among the seven water and Funding by Region sanitation projects signed this year, the average subsidy per beneficiary is $17.47; the project with the lowest average subsidy per person Middle East ($6.18) is also in this sector. By comparison, and North Africa the average subsidy per beneficiary is $19.16 15% Sub Saharan for the energy project and $13.43 for the two Africa health projects, with the highest average sub- South Asia 57% 12% sidy per person ($77.90) in a health project. Project results East Asia With most of GPOBA's 19 grant agreements 16% only recently signed or in the early stages of implementation, it is too early to report on fi- nal outcomes, such as improvements in health. However, as of June 30, 2008, the first five proj- ects signed by GPOBA are all disbursing based Figure 3: on verified outputs: Grant Agreements Signed in FY08: Share of · Armenia Access to Gas and Heat Supply for Funding by Sector Poor Urban Households; · Colombia Natural Gas Distribution for Low-income Families in the Caribbean Energy Coast (see Box 2); 12% · India Improved Rural Community Water in Andhra Pradesh2; · Mongolia Telecom Project (OBA Pilot Proj- ect of Universal Access Strategy) (see Box 3); Health 25% Water and · Morocco Urban Water and Sanitation. Sanitation 63% 2Disbursements against the first batch of verified outputs for this project were still being processed as of June 30, 2008. 4 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Box 2: Bringing natural gas to Colombia's poor Natural gas connections can bring substantial benefits companies provide financing over a six-year period to poor households in Colombia. Compared with other to help families cover the remaining cost of the con- fuels typically used for cooking, natural gas is safer, nection. cleaner, and less expensive. But even though gas is To ensure that money spent delivers tangible benefits more affordable, connection fees can put the cost of to those in need, GPOBA has made funding contingent switching to this fuel out of reach for poor families. on i) proof that each household belongs to one of Co- Building on an earlier small-scale program funded by lombia's two poorest socioeconomic strata; ii) certifi- the Dutch government, GPOBA has provided a $5.1 cation and inspection of the new connections; and iii) million grant for an output-based subsidy scheme to proof that newly connected households have obtained connect up to 35,000 poor households in underserved (and paid for) service for at least three months. areas to the nation's natural gas distribution network. As of June 30, 2008, 30,412 new natural gas connec- Working with Promigas, Colombia's largest gas tions have been constructed, verified, and success- transmission and distribution company, the project fully billed for three months--representing more is installing a gas connection and a gas stove in than $4.92 million in GPOBA subsidies. The switch to each participating household. GPOBA's grant of natural gas for cooking purposes will enable partici- $141 per household covers about 38 percent of the pating families to save about half a month's income $370 cost of a new connection. Regional distribution each year. Source: OBApproaches no. 17, "Output-based aid in Colombia: Connecting poor households to natural gas service," Cledan Mandri- Perrott & Dominic Patella, November 2007 Box 3: Expanding telecom services to rural areas of Mongolia Access to telecommunications services has been ex- network pilot, one of Mongolia's leading VSAT opera- tremely limited in the remote and sparsely populated tors with existing rural services, offered to provide two areas of Mongolia. Several factors have conspired additional service points and to install portable VSAT against achieving universal access on a purely com- terminals that could be moved between summer and mercial basis--the country's vast and challenging winter grazing areas. The winning bidder for Tariat soum geography, the nomadic lifestyle of the rural popula- center wireless network, the country's leading GSM mo- tion, government ownership and incumbent control bile operator, required only 25 percent of the maximum of the long-distance transmission network. subsidy allowable and the project was able to launch an To finance network expansion into rural areas, the additional tender for similar services in another soum country set up a universal service obligation fund to with the savings. which operators would contribute a 2 percent levy on The pilots have provided important knowledge about their taxable income starting in 2007. This fund was rural demand for better communications services and set up with the assistance of the World Bank through allowed the testing grants from the Public-Private Infrastructure Advi- of technical and sory Facility (PPIAF) and GPOBA. IDA also provided commercial solu- seed financing of $5.5 million for the initial universal tions that can be access subsidy projects. adapted to local Two pilot OBA projects, supported by a $259,400 conditions, includ- GPOBA grant, were designed as first steps in rolling ing a nomadic out a universal access program. The projects aimed population. And to provide public access telephones for herder com- the experience munities in Arkhangai and Bayankhongor, and mobile appears to have voice and Internet services for the public and schools helped accelerate in Tariat soum (county) in Arkhangai. even commercial The competitive bidding processes for these pilots expansion by resulted in fully compliant bids below the estimated all the country's maximum subsidies. The winning bidder for the herder licensed operators. Source: OBApproaches no. 18, "Output-based aid in Mongolia: Expanding telecommunications services to rural areas," Andrew Dymond, Sonja Oestmann, and Scott McConnell, February 2008 5 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 In total, GPOBA projects have disbursed recipient, the Honduran Social Investment $7.9 million based on independently verified Fund (Fondo Hondureño de Inversión Social outputs as of June 30, 2008. Advances have ­ FHIS), to finance OBA sub-projects aimed at been provided to six projects, amounting to improving access to water and sanitation ser- $1.5 million, which will be disbursed by the vices for up to 40,000 low-income households. fiduciary agent based on verified outputs, or for the hiring of consultants, such as the indepen- Commitments and eligibility dent verification agent (see Table 2). Before a grant agreement can be signed, the The progress on disbursements is encourag- project proposal has to go through an approval ing as typically projects take at least a year to im- process involving an independent Panel of Ex- plement before the first outputs can be delivered perts. The process is in two stages: and verified. It is also a big increase compared to 1. Eligibility: an initial assessment to ensure one year ago, when disbursements totaled only that the project meets GPOBA's eligibility $1.7 million. The five projects that are disburs- criteria, which include the country and sec- ing against verified outputs have benefited more tor, project sustainability, and the number than 235,000 people so far (see Table 3). of poor people expected to receive services, Also in 2008, the first OBA facility sup- among other considerations3. ported by GPOBA was launched as part of the Honduras extension of water services project. This project benefits from a grant of $4.44 mil- 3 A full list of the eligibility criteria can be found in lion and $155,000 in technical assistance from GPOBA's Operating Principles and Annexes, available GPOBA. The new facility will enable the grant at http://www.gpoba.org/docs/OP121106.pdf. Table 2: Disbursements as of June 30, 2008 (in US$) Disbursements against Total Country Project Name Advances verified outputs disbursements Armenia Access to Gas & Heat Supply for Poor Urban 1,982,823 1,982,823 Households in Armenia Bolivia Decentralized Electricity for Universal Access 50,000 50,000 Colombia Natural Gas Distribution for Low Income 4,922,246 4,922,246 Families in the Caribbean Coast Honduras Extension of Water and Sanitation Services 200,000 200,000 in Low income areas of Honduras India Improved Rural Community Water in 6,610 6,610 Andhra Pradesh (*) Kenya Micro-finance for Small Water Schemes 300,000 300,000 Mongolia Mongolia OBA Pilot Project of Universal 257,335 257,335 Access Strategy Morocco Morocco Urban Water and Sanitation 737,980 737,980 Senegal Senegal On-Site Sanitation Project 558,192 558,192 Uganda OBA in Water Supply in Uganda's Small 373,418 373,418 Towns and Rural Growth Centers Total 1,488,220 7,900,384 9,388,604 (*) Disbursements against the first batch of verified outputs for this project were still being processed as of June 30, 2008 6 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Table 3: Outputs delivered as of June 30, 2008 Verified Number of Country Project Name Output Description Outputs beneficiaries Armenia Access to Gas & Heat Supply Households with access 2,344 9,517 for Poor Urban Households to heating either through in Armenia individual connection or through local boiler systems Colombia Natural Gas Distribution for Households with 30,412 182,472 Low Income Families in gas connection the Caribbean Coast India Improved Rural Community Villages with UV water 4 12,000 Water in Andhra Pradesh purification system providing public access to clean water Mongolia Mongolia OBA Pilot Project of 1) Public access telephone 1 public access 22,300 Universal Access Strategy network for herder community telephone network 2) Wireless network 2 wireless for soum networks Morocco Morocco Urban Water Households with water and 1,764 8,820 and Sanitation sanitation connection 2. Commitment: a review of the project to Technical assistance determine that it is ready for implementa- Technical assistance has been a core GPOBA tion and that in its final form it meets the activity since the program was created in 2003 eligibility criteria. and constitutes a separate funding window in the GPOBA budget, supporting the de- In fiscal 2008, the Panel of Experts ap- proved three projects for eligibility, in Ethiopia (water), Liberia (energy), and Yemen (water). The Panel of Experts also endorsed eight projects for commitment for a total subsidy amount of $30 million. Grant agreements were subsequently signed for three of these projects in the water sector in Cameroon, Uganda, and Vietnam (see Table 1). Of the other five proj- ects, which represent a total subsidy amount of $19.2 million, two are in Sub-Saharan Africa in the energy sector and three are in the East Asia region in the telecom and water and sanitation sectors. Altogether, as of June 30, 2008, there are 37 projects involving subsidy funding in GPOBA's portfolio at different stages of the approval and implementation process, including 11 at the commitment stage and 7 at the eligibility An Ethiopian girl carries water on her back because her family does not have a stage (see Table 4). household water connection 7 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Table 4: to help set up two stand-alone OBA facilities for Portfolio of projects involving subsidies as of the water and sanitation sector in Mexico and June 30, 2008 Brazil ($350,000 and $180,000 respectively). GPOBA expects to use technical assistance Subsidy increasingly to help developing countries set up Portfolio Funding People OBA facilities from which they will be able to Status Projects (US$m) Benefiting fund various OBA projects in a particular sector. Grant 19 71.96 2,891,758.00 Collaboration with development Agreement Commitment 11 45.85 3,230,581.00 partners In addition to governments of countries where Eligibility 7 28.75 977,000.00 GPOBA projects are under design or imple- Total 37 146.56 7,099,339.00 mentation, GPOBA collaborated with many development partners in fiscal 2008. GPOBA continues to enjoy a close relationship with IDA and is working with a number of other partners, notably the Community Development sign, implementation, and evaluation of OBA Carbon Fund, the European Union, the Global projects. It can be a stand-alone activity or it Environment Facility, the Multilateral Invest- can accompany GPOBA subsidy funding. As of ment Guarantee Agency, the Private Infrastruc- June 30, 2008, GPOBA has provided a total of ture Development Group, and the Water and $11.12 million for technical assistance activities. Sanitation Program. In fiscal 2008, GPOBA approved seven tech- One example of this collaboration is the nical assistance activities amounting to $1.15 Reproductive Health Services in Western million (see Table 5). The largest amounts went Uganda project. Through this project, GPOBA to support the design of an OBA scheme in the is helping Germany's KfW to expand its health wastewater sector in Sri Lanka ($250,000) and voucher scheme for rural and poor peri-urban Table 5: Technical assistance approved in FY08 Amount Country Project Purpose (US$) Brazil Brazil Water and Sanitation Design of OBA facility 180,000 Innovative OBD Schemes for Water Supply and Sanitation Projects Cambodia Cambodia Rural Telecommunication OBA design (supplemental funding) 92,000 Access Project Ethiopia Access to water for low income Project preparation 200,000 communities Honduras Extension of Water and Sanitation OBA facility (supplemental funding) 46,738 Services in Low income areas of Honduras Mexico OBA National Wastewater Sector OBA facility 350,000 Facility Nigeria Pre-paid Health Scheme Pilot in Nigeria Target population study 35,706 Sri Lanka Colombo Wastewater OBA design 250,000 Total 1,154,444 8 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 populations in the greater Mbarara region of · KampalaWaterConnectionsforthePoor: Uganda. The project will increase women's ac- This evaluation will compare the impacts cess to trained medical professionals through- of the use of yard taps, traditional water out pregnancy and provide subsidized treat- kiosks, and prepaid meters on the health ment for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and welfare of households. It will include benefiting up to 255,000 poor Ugandans. a comparison with an input-based project GPOBA is providing a $4.3 million grant for implemented by the same provider and the project which KfW will implement. Another funded by KfW. partner, the Uganda branch of Marie Stopes · ReproductiveHealthVouchersinWest- International, will be the Voucher Management Agency for the project and provide expertise in ern Uganda: This evaluation will look at areas such as obstetric care, STD, and clinical whether working with a small-scale private training. provider under an output-based arrange- ment can significantly increase the use of Monitoring and evaluation reproductive health services. As all benefi- Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an im- ciaries have access to the existing public portant part of GPOBA's efforts to define and healthcare system free of charge, the evalu- verify OBA standards. The program's M&E ation will implicitly allow for comparison of activities focus primarily on GPOBA-funded OBA to existing input-based approaches. projects ­ both those which receive subsidy funding and those which only receive technical For the last three years, GPOBA has pro- assistance. GPOBA also monitors World Bank vided progress reports on individual projects Group OBA projects that are independent of to the donors every six months to inform them GPOBA and, to a lesser extent, non-Bank proj- of results and lessons learned. In May 2008, ects. GPOBA collects and analyzes data on the as results started to become clearer, GPOBA following aspects: provided its first consolidated semi-annual 1. Project design: Includes definition of out- monitoring report to the donors, covering not puts, payment triggers, financial sustain- only the progress of individual projects but also ability/tariffs, and targeting. the wider challenges and lessons learned (see 2. Project implementation: Includes results of below). GPOBA also formalized its existing bidding (where applicable), delivery of out- M&E and reporting procedures in a framework puts and disbursement of funding (GPOBA document for ease of reference. subsidies, user contributions, government or other donor co-financing). 3. Project results: Includes intermediate out- comes such as improved access and, where feasible, final outcomes or impacts, such as improved health. Where data is available, compares OBA projects with input-based projects to see if they result in the benefits assumed to be associated with an output- based approach (e.g., improved targeting, increased innovation/efficiency, private sec- tor leveraging). In fiscal 2008, GPOBA began to imple- ment impact evaluations for two projects that have signed grant agreements and are about to begin roll-out. Priority was given to projects where grant recipients support the evaluation and comparisons with input-based approaches are feasible: Biogas project in Nepal 9 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Dissemination and outreach In terms of print publications, GPOBA pub- Enhancing dissemination--and communica- lished four new papers in its "OBApproaches" tion more broadly--is essential to help GPOBA series this year, providing succinct analyses achieve the goals of mainstreaming OBA in of the Colombia Natural Gas and Mongolia development finance and becoming a center Telecom projects (Boxes 2 and 3), OBA and of expertise on OBA. While the donors and corruption (Box 4), and performance-based project partners know GPOBA well, many lack contracting in the health sector in Africa (Box precise information on program activities, as 5). GPOBA's first Annual Report provided well as the tools they need to integrate OBA ap- an overview of GPOBA's activities since the proaches in their project funding. Meanwhile, program's inception five years ago. A working knowledge of GPOBA's activities among the paper on OBA in Cambodia, released in April wider development community is limited, due 2008, looked at the experience to date of get- in part to low media and Internet coverage. ting private operators and local communities GPOBA has begun to step up its efforts to to help deliver water to the poor. address these needs. In fiscal 2008, the pro- In terms of broader outreach, GPOBA gram allocated more resources to communica- continued to use its website (www.gpoba.org), tion and developed a strategic communication press releases, and quarterly newsletter to com- plan for the next three years. The plan includes municate with development partners and the actions to improve the visibility and profile media, in both donor and developing coun- of GPOBA, increase dissemination of lessons tries. GPOBA staff also multiplied face-to-face learned, and develop project stories and mul- contacts, participating in over 30 conferences timedia outreach. A key element of the plan is and workshops worldwide, and introducing a training and capacity building program for OBA to development partners from Gabon to the development partners, to be designed and Kazakhstan. piloted in fiscal 2009. Box 4: Using OBA to reduce the impact of corruption in infrastructure Corruption in infrastructure leads to big losses. fied, thus ensuring that corruption does not derail Estimates of the share of construction spending lost delivery of expected results. Moreover, in contrast to bribe payments around the world range from 5 with inputs, outputs are by definition relatively easy percent to more than 20 percent. Theft of construc- for everyone to monitor--and results are therefore tion materials can also cause economic damage: transparent and measurable. for instance, building a road with insufficient Another important reason is that OBA approaches materials shortens its life and reduces the benefits often use competition and base it on the lowest to consumers. Beyond poor-quality construction, subsidy required to deliver the pre-specified outputs. corruption can encourage the construction of the This helps minimize the corruption that can fester in wrong infrastructure--white elephant projects for situations where accountability is lacking and mo- which there is no demand, constructed solely to nopoly power is combined with discretion to choose extract rents. among projects, designs, or bidders. OBA approach- Why is output-based aid a useful tool for reducing es also allow auditors and stakeholders time to the impact of corruption on infrastructure devel- uncover malfeasance before funds are disbursed. As opment? The main reason is that, under an OBA a result, the risk to service providers from behaving scheme, outputs are predetermined at a given price corruptly lasts longer and can result in nonpayment and payments are made only after delivery is veri- for sunk investments. Source: OBApproaches no. 16, "Output-based aid in infrastructure: A tool for reducing the impact of corruption," Yogita Mumssen and Charles Kenny, August 2007 10 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Lessons and Challenges but green field projects tend to take longer. This is due to a variety of factors (which may T or may not be unique to OBA). Many projects he concept of OBA--payment upon use competitive bidding to select the service results--is simple, but designing and provider. Monitoring and output verification implementing OBA schemes can be com- systems can take time to set up. Project uptake plex, as GPOBA's experience is beginning to may involve awareness-raising among beneficia- show. Viable OBA schemes require reliable and ries. Institutional factors, such as a change of motivated service providers (private or pub- responsible ministry, can cause delays in some lic); tariffs that cover at least operation and projects. Furthermore, projects involving small- maintenance costs; and an effective method scale service providers or community organiza- for targeting the subsidies to the poor. More- tions can require extensive capacity building. over, OBA projects, like most projects in the But given that OBA is about reaching the poor infrastructure sectors, rely on clearly defined and unserved, GPOBA considers it worthwhile rules of engagement and a sound regulatory investing time and effort in this type of pilot. environment. GPOBA's Annual Report 2007 identified Leveraging other sources of finance some initial lessons and challenges of OBA For the 19 grant agreements signed for a total projects, including the need to design and ap- of $72 million in GPOBA grant funding, an ply OBA schemes flexibly, according to the local additional $134 million has been leveraged context, the importance of building the capac- from other sources such as user contributions ity of local implementers (be they private or ($11 million), private sector investment ($67 public), and the challenge of providing the right million), and co-financing from governments incentives in OBA schemes involving public and other donors ($56 million). For every $1 service providers4. During fiscal 2008, GPOBA in GPOBA funding, $1.87 has been contrib- began supervising its first projects, which deep- uted by other sources (not taking into account ened its understanding of OBA schemes and demonstration effects, which can also lead to helped to identify additional success factors. leveraging). One clear lesson to have emerged Many of the lessons gathered relate to the early is that leveraging of private finance is linked to stages of project implementation; more lessons tariff reform. Ultimately, the service provider will be compiled and analyzed as the GPOBA must be able to recoup its costs through the portfolio matures. This section presents some tariff and so the extent to which private finance key issues. can be leveraged is limited by the tariff level. Project Incentives for efficiency, implementation quality, and innovation Based on its experience Competitive bidding can lead to increased effi- to date, GPOBA esti- ciency--usually expressed as a decrease in unit mates that it takes on costs. The Mongolia telecom project offers an average 12 months after example of a competitive bidding process that grant signing for out- produced efficiency gains and innovation (see puts to be delivered and Box 3). Furthermore, quality standards need to the first OBA payments be carefully defined and penalties established to be made. Projects for not achieving them, especially since a degree that build on existing of freedom is allowed under an output-based pilots or work with approach. This is one of the key challenges entities that already provide the service to be subsidized are usually Young women in Yemen will benefit able to deliver outputs 4 from an OBA scheme promoting safe The GPOBA Annual Report 2007 is available at motherhood in less than 12 months, http://www.gpoba.org. 11 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 in "getting it right" with an OBA design: not experience in lending to sectors such as infra- micro-managing and monitoring inputs, but structure development or health. Furthermore, still ensuring value for money. many infrastructure projects, even small-scale ones, require loans with longer tenures than Access to finance many banks are used to giving. A big challenge for projects involving smaller GPOBA is exploring innovative financing service providers and public sector utilities is solutions to ease access to finance and make the ability to pre-finance investments that can these projects work, including: only be recuperated after outputs have been achieved. This implies that the service provider · Providing capacity building for small local must either fund the proposed outputs through service providers and local banks. its own financial resources or seek external · Making some payments for intermediate funding through local commercial banks. This outputs or project roll-out milestones. This is sometimes a challenge, as local banks and can ease project fund flow constraints until other financial institutions may have little or no the prescribed output is achieved and thus Box 5: Performance-based contracting in health in Africa In developing countries, poor people often lack access The three projects achieved some encouraging results, to quality health care, not just because of lack of fund- such as increases in assisted deliveries and measles ing but also because resources are allocated inef- immunization, and improvements in health workers' ficiently. Results-based approaches such as perfor- performance. Service providers in the results-based mance-based contracting are one way to address this schemes showed improved performance compared to problem. Performance-based contracting gives service providers funded on an input basis. In two of the three providers the freedom to take decentralized decisions countries (Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of on how to provide services. It also provides an incen- Congo), performance-based contracting in the health tive to use resources in an efficient way as it shifts per- system is now being scaled up to the national level. formance risks to service providers by, for example, What remains to be determined is the relative reimbursing them for interventions performed. importance of performance-based project design A recent GPOBA paper reviewed the experience of compared to other factors, such as increased public three performance-based contracting projects in the resources (Democratic Republic of Congo) or the health sector in Africa: introduction of community-based health insurance · In Rwanda, a GPOBA grant funded a review of two (Rwanda). In Uganda, it was unclear whether block pilot schemes supported by international NGOs, grants with in order to inform the design of a national perfor- performance mance-based financing model. bonuses were more effec- · In Uganda, the Ministry of Health and the World tive than block Bank, with funding from CIDA, undertook a study grants alone. to determine whether private not-for-profit (PNFP) Upcoming im- providers would respond positively to perfor- pact evaluations mance-based contracts. in Rwanda and the Democratic · In the Democratic Republic of Congo, an IDA- Republic of financed multi-sectoral emergency project used Congo may performance-based contracts with NGOs to de- provide some velop and support services in 85 Health Zones. answers. Source: OBApproaches no. 19, "Performance-based contracting in health: The experience of three projects in Africa," Lars Johannes, Patrick Mullen, Peter Okwero, and Miriam Schneidman, April 2008. 12 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Community water project in Andhra Pradesh (before and after) reduce the amount and tenure of pre- financing required. · Phased in roll-out of outputs linked to a revolving loan facility which is replenished with little or no credit ratings, based on the by the subsidy payment once the first phase security that if the service provider achieves the of outputs has been delivered. pre-agreed outputs, payments will be made by · Working with local banks to extend loans GPOBA. This allows the service providers to to service providers with little or no credit create a relationship with local banks, which rating by using the grant agreements as a could lead to future lending. form of security for the loans. · Working with funding and guarantee agen- Foreign exchange risk cies. Many GPOBA grants are denominated in US dollars while expenses are incurred by service Examples include the Kenya Microfinance providers in local currency. This poses a chal- for Small Water Schemes project which uses a lenge given the US dollar depreciation over the microfinance bank as the grant recipient and past year and its potential effect on reducing administrator. Under the Extension of Water the actual monies to be received as a grant. and Sanitation Services in Low-income Areas GPOBA is exploring this issue further in order of Honduras project, local banks have been to limit any negative impacts on project benefi- prepared to extend loans to service providers ciaries. 13 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Mainstreaming OBA will have implications for transparency, ef- Mainstreaming OBA with the development ficiency, and cost. partners poses specific challenges, as it involves · Unit costing will need to take into account both a change of paradigm (from input to regional and local variations, and a single output) and an adaptation of governments' national average unit cost may not be ap- existing systems. For instance: propriate. · Additional capacity building and intensive dissemination will be needed to help gov- Governments seeking to create an OBA ernments and other donors participate in facility will need to develop the rules associ- and manage OBA schemes. ated with the facility, such as criteria for project · When using government systems, output eligibility, economic and financial assessment verification and monitoring will most likely of projects to be funded, screening of eligible be the responsibility of a unit within a projects, rules for service providers, and so on. government ministry, as opposed to the Furthermore, they will need to adequately staff responsibility of an independent verification such a facility. agent who reports directly to GPOBA. This 14 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Looking to the Future be leveraged from other donors. GPOBA will support both private sector and public sector G operations, and will endeavor to ensure that POBA's Vision Statement sets out the these operations are linked to sector reform program's goals for the next three to and are sustainable after the GPOBA subsidy five years: to mainstream OBA with has been phased out. the development partners and become a center of OBA expertise. In line with these objectives, In all these activities, GPOBA will continue GPOBA will focus on using technical assistance to focus on using OBA approaches to improve and strategic communications to define and access to basic services for those who need verify OBA standards on what works well, dis- them most: the poor. seminate OBA experiences and best practice, and promote OBA strategically to development partners. GPOBA will also refine its administra- tive arrangements in order to become a more user-friendly program and ensure maximum suc- cess of mainstreaming. In terms of subsidy funding, the priority will be to develop further OBA projects in the more mature sectors, such as water and sanitation, energy, and health, with support for telecoms only on an exceptional basis. GPOBA will test OBA in less mature sectors such as public transport, education, and solid waste on a case-by-case basis. The program will concentrate on low-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia-Pacific, and projects that involve other development partners and where funding can Rural water project in Vietnam 15 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Annex 1: Financial Statement Table A1: Donor Contributions to GPOBA (All Activities) in US$m G POBA derives its resources from donor contributions which are channeled To Be through trust funds administered by the Donors Pledged Received Received World Bank Group. The World Bank Group recovers a small charge for costs associated DFID 50.3 47.7 2.6 with this task. GPOBA's finances are subject to IFC 60.5 60.5 0.0 the World Bank Group's annual "single au- DGIS 28.3 19.0 9.3 dit" exercise for all trust funds. As part of this AusAID 33.3 4.5 28.8 exercise, the GPOBA program manager signs a trust fund representation letter attesting to the Sida 6.9 6.9 0.0 correctness and completeness of the financial Total 179.3 138.6 40.7 process for all GPOBA trust funds. GPOBA's budget and accounting processes are aligned with the World Bank Group fiscal year, which runs from July to June. funding totaling $41.7 million. This is a 38 Contributions received percent increase compared to fiscal 2007 when As of June 30, 2008, GPOBA's donors have the total was $30.3 million. All the donors pledged a total of $179.3 million to the pro- provided funding for projects except AusAID, gram, of which $138.6 million (77 percent) which is expected to begin financing projects in has been received (Table A1). In fiscal 2008, fiscal 2009 (Table A4). GPOBA received a total of $57.9 million in cash from its donors. This was 75 percent more GPOBA actual program expenditures than the $33.0 million received in fiscal 2007. GPOBA's actual program expenditures totaled The increase was due in part to a $25.5 million $3.3 million in fiscal 2008, down from $4.0 cash contribution from IFC and to contribu- million in fiscal 2007 (Table A5). Expenditure tions from AusAID and Sida, GPOBA's newest on technical assistance decreased by almost donors (Table A2). Most of the donor contri- half, although it still accounted for 42 percent butions (79 percent) have been allocated to of fiscal 2008 expenditures, while expenditure subsidy funding for projects (Table A3). on the portfolio (preparation and supervision) doubled compared to fiscal 2007. These trends Subsidy funding reflect GPOBA's shift in focus toward the deliv- In fiscal 2008, GPOBA signed 10 new grant ery of subsidy funding projects. Expenditure on agreements for subsidy funding with donor program management remained constant. Table A2: Receipt of Donor Contributions (in US$m) Donors FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 Total DFID 2.5 3.4 6.8 21.7 13.3 47.7 IFC 0.0 0.0 35.0 0.0 25.5 60.5 DGIS 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 8.0 19.0 AusAID (*) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.2 4.5 Sida 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 6.9 Total 2.5 3.4 41.8 33.0 57.9 138.6 (*) FY08 contribution received in July 2008 17 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Table A3 Donor Contribution Per Funding Window (in US$m) Technical Dissemination & Assistance Program Management Subsidy Funding Admin/Fees Total 20.1 142.0 17.2 179.3 GPOBA's new emphasis on dissemination sistance activities are also expected to increase and M&E contributed to an increase in Center again as GPOBA promotes the development of Expertise expenditures this year, a trend that of OBA facilities to be funded by developing is likely to continue in the future. Technical as- country governments. Table A4: Table A5: GPOBA Subsidy Funding (Grants Signed) in GPOBA Actual Program Expenditures in US$m US$m FY08 FY07 Subsidy Funding Program Management 0.8 0.8 Donors FY08 FY07 Total Center of Expertise 0.3 0.2 DFID 8.7 9.4 18.1 Technical Assistance 1.4 2.6 IFC 13.3 17.7 31.0 Portfolio (Preparation/ 0.8 0.4 DGIS 17.4 3.2 20.6 Supervision) AusAID 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 3.3 4.0 Sida 2.3 0.0 2.3 Total 41.7 30.3 72.0 18 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 Annex 2: GPOBA Portfolio of Signed Grant Agreements page access This and of con- gas an an vices next house- currently projects areas households areas new connect financ- bring ser on natural for to improve connections rural electricity of middle- tois eligible buildings. rural citizens. to tois the develop Continue for vice connections in Bolivian cost expansion to Colombian establishing sanitation sanitation ser households. extend low- tois at and and direct poor remote the scheme the in Bolivian mechanism expectedis households. project vices for new to ser electricity tois coverage OBA families along project aimed water water this Armenian lead to 7,000 water in project to 40,000 of multi-apartment 35,000 subsidize this this of facility This heating subsidize poor will access objective least will of at piped 35,000 network transparent Coast. and urban some to households access. and access objective in will The to gas 17,000 project micro-enterprises project objective estimated objective infrastructure Honduras. approximately Description The to holds project for This affordable Bolivia. access and benefiting This nections income without The an distribution Caribbean The output-based efficient ing in improved to Grant Signing Date 04/28/06 06/26/07 04/07/08 05/19/06 06/19/07 verageA person subsidy per (US$m) 96.88 115.00 21.88 24.29 18.50 2008 of Number people 32,000 45,000 30, benefiting 240,000 210,000 240,000 June of Grant 3.10 5.18 5.25 5.10 4.44 as Amount (US$m) IDA IDA Blend IDA Blend IDA IBRD IDA Agreements for Low ­ and in Grant Heat& Urban Armenia Families Coast Honduras Electricity vices of Gas Poor in Access aterW Distribution aterW contract of Ser Signed to for Gas Income of for Caribbean areas Low the Project Name Access Supply Households Decentralized Universal Cameroon Affermage OBA Natural for in Extension Sanitation income Portfolio y GPOBA Countr Armenia Bolivia Cameroon Colombia Honduras 19 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 to page will of vices poor and in an next rural benefi- and on drinking Andhra ser to Chuluut and of approximate- project districts in connection provide to and peri-urban safe area of vice poor benefiting internet following The 11,630 access water ser angiers,T Continue various one-off the investments and ariatT to in low-income provide increase for of tois coastal water schemes. estimated programa promote, the development people bring funding an tois vices through projects. pilot communities, telephony tois connection 11,300 disadvantaged of by for ser residents in Casablanca, poor water the of project -alia, supply tois Kenya and project of tois herder project around this inter water supply to 2,315 of selected of inhabitants 75,000 project subsides this of areas project vices herders, this this communities water of approach, vices community this around poor through, around Pradesh. of Jakarta in 21 of ser 20,000 to ser neighborhoods objective to community aim of centers. objective peri-urban aim objective rural Description The water Pradesh 25ly vices householdsy benefit Andhra The low-income areas households. The efficiency and around The telephony around ser soum The output-based sanitation ciar and Meknes. Grant Signing Date 05/16/07 11/01/07 12/06/06 05/19/06 01/29/07 ) verageA person subsidy per (US$m) 11.33 45.95 19.19 11.62 125.00 continued( 2008 of Number people 75,000 56,000 60,000 22,315 56,000 30, benefiting June of Grant 0.85 2.57 1.15 0.26 7.00 as Amount (US$m) IDA IDA Blend IDA Blend IDA IDA IBRD Agreements and in Grant Small aterW aterW income for Pilot aterW Rural of Low Signed Pradesh in OBA Universal Schemes of Strategy Urban of vices Project Name Improved Community Andhra Expansion Ser Micro-finance aterW Mongolia Project Access Morocco Sanitation Portfolio y GPOBA Countr India Indonesia Kenya Mongolia Morocco 20 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 page around to cooking potable the new to water next of house- STDs. metered 19,000 on connections to for Province of the Nampula, up piped of cost public poor with pregnancy connection about water construct accesss households energy portion the domestic new Continue Beira, will approximately benefit most offset 15,100 women' patients new to making 800 will affordable eastern and one-offa of subsidized Maputo, project Nepalese subsidize affordable the help throughout for about cost years. in This which tois rural and in to provide ("NCR") estimated Ugandan and an treatment the envisages provide taps for to aims provide three to clean for will fund of Pemba. yard project plants to seek Region increase professionals project aims consumers and this will households scheme will subsidized The connections scheme partially perioda shared people. of biogas access poor Capital facilities medical to tap over project domestic aim lighting. project to subsidy project Rizal. provide OBA yard Description This for Quelimane, 30,000 468,000 The 37,300 increase and This water National of This sanitation holds. This trained and This subsidy connections. new points Grant Signing Date 04/03/08 10/04/07 10/19/07 07/06/07 10/23/07 02/28/08 ) verageA person 6.18 subsidy per (US$m) 12.81 19.16 27.93 42.41 16.86 continued( 2008 of Number people 37,600 30, benefiting 468,543 261,000 135,900 255,000 409,000 June of Grant as Amount (US$m) 6.00 5.00 1.05 5.76 4.30 2.53 IDA IDA IDA IBRD IDA IDA IDA Agreements for Grant aterW for ­ OBA­ Supply Health esternW expansion Sector Support aterW in Sanitation Kampala Signed in Connections of Project Name Mozambique Private Contracts coverage Biogas Programme Manila On-Site Project Reproductive ouchersV Uganda OBA aterW Poor the Portfolio y Philippines Senegal Uganda Uganda GPOBA Countr Mozambique Nepal 21 GPOBA Annual Report 2008 water towns an safe (15­49) small to age provide sustainable to people. vices Vietnam. sustainable 40,000 to selected ser to in 55,000 rural up provide access living expectedisIt water in around safe tois reproductive of including poor to families increase to the bring project to poor vices, women for centers. access the ser seeks aims of poor to vices growth water 30,000 health emen.Y ser project rural project objective births, Sana'a, Description This supply and improved This estimated The maternal child in Grant Signing Date 02/12/07 11/30/07 06/10/08 ) verageA person subsidy per (US$m) 58.31 20.00 77.90 24.92 continued( 2008 of 55,000 80,000 Number people 150,000 30, benefiting 2,888,358 June 3.21 3.00 6.23 72.0 of Grant as Amount (US$m) IDA IDA IDA IDA Agreements in ownsT Grant Supply aterW Program aterW Smalls Growth Rural Safe Signed in Rural of Project Name OBA Uganda' and Centers Vietnam (EMW) emenY Motherhood Portfolio y GPOBA Countr Uganda Vietnam emenY otalT 22 How to contact GPOBA Mail: Email: World Bank gpoba@worldbank.org Attn: GPOBA Mailstop: MC4-413 Website: 1818 H Street, NW www.gpoba.org Washington, DC 20433, USA To find out more, visit www.gpoba.org Supporting the delivery of basic services in developing countries