36117 V. 2 Foreign Investment Advisory Service, a Project is co-financed by the European joint service of the Union International Finance Corporation and in the framework of the the World Bank Policy Advice Programme SURVEY OF LAND AND REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ANNEX 1 TO CROSS-REGIONAL REPORT March 2006 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................3 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................4 3. LAND RELATED STATISTICAL INFORMATION GATHERING..............................4 4. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................4 4.1. Instruments.......................................................................................................4 4.2. Sampling...........................................................................................................5 4.3. Fieldwork ..........................................................................................................7 4.4. Data entry and analysis...................................................................................11 5. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT COMPANIES UNDER SURVEY...................12 6. GENERAL INDICATORS FOR ALL PROCEDURES ............................................18 7. PROCEDURE BY PROCEDURE ANALYSIS ACROSS REGIONS ......................28 8. AGENCY BY AGENCY ANALYSIS.......................................................................50 9. INSPECTIONS .....................................................................................................55 10. PROBLEMS, ATTITUDE OF AUTHORITIES........................................................64 11. FINAL QUESTIONS..............................................................................................75 2 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report 1. INTRODUCTION Table 1.1 List of municipalities under survey Moscow City Moscow City Saint-Petersburg City Saint-Petersburg City Sakhalin oblast Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Nizhny Novgorod oblast Nizhny Novgorod Dzerzhisk Arzamas Rostov oblast Rostov-on-Don Shakhty Taganrog Perm oblast Perm Berezniky Solikamsk Sverdlovsk oblast Ekaterinburg Nizhny Tagil Kamensk-Uralsky Novgorod oblast Novgorod Borovichi Khabarovsk Krai Khabarovsk Komsomolsk-na-Amure Tomsk oblast Tomsk Irkutsk oblast Irkutsk Bratsk Angarsk Kaliningrad oblast Kaliningrad Leningrad oblast Vyborg Gatchina Kignisepp Luga Tihvin Moscow oblast Lubertsy Mytischy Podolsk 3 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY No annex tables 3. LAND RELATED STATISTICAL INFORMATION GATHERING See Annex 2 and 3. 4. METHODOLOGY 4.1. Instruments The instruments employed to conduct the survey were tailored for each of two respondent types (ARCS and BIS). A package of instruments for surveying each type of respondent included the following documents: · a questionnaire; · a classifier, · cards supporting the questionnaire; · comprehensive instructions and a summary for interviewers. Screening questionnaires were also developed for both surveys, with corresponding instructions. The BIS questionnaire was based on the questionnaire developed during the pilot Business Intermediaries survey project that was conducted by FIAS in 2004 in 4 regions of Russia. It was updated to account for the pilot project results. The ARCS questionnaire was based on the FIAS questionnaire that was developed for FIAS projects in other transition countries and was later adjusted for conducting the survey in the Russian Federation. The fieldwork was preceded by the preparation of procedural stage classifiers for each procedure under study in each region. These were step-by-step procedure descriptions, which included a list of documents to be obtained while carrying out the procedure, an authority issuing the document, the statutory period required for processing the document, the cost of its processing according to the legislation and the sequence of issuing documents. This analysis resulted in detailed flowcharts showing how to undergo certain procedure in each of the regions. The classifiers were based on legislation and adjusted to account for the results of the expert interviews that preceded pilot surveys in all regions under study. The "detailed classifiers" were optimized and unified for all regions under study in order to enable interregional comparisons of every procedural stage and to increase the number of answers given by respondents. The adjustment involved a merger of several procedural stages (such classifiers are hereinafter called "abridged") and the definition of key procedural stages. The basic principle that determined classifier abridgement was the type of documents: 4 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report · documents/stages labeled with figures (1, 2, 3, etc.) represent the documents that are most common in all regions (in over half of the regions) or the documents that are fundamental though specific to a region; · documents/stages labeled with capital letters (A, B, C, etc.) represent the documents that are common for less than half of all the regions as well as other documents specific to a region. In addition to this, in procedures 1 and 2, stages labeled with letters also represent grouped stages, i.e. stages in which more original stages have been grouped into one. · "other document" represents a document that may surface in the course of the survey. In addition, all the documents not requiring communication with government authorities were excluded from the classifiers, except for the Developed Land Survey document (as agreed upon with the FIAS experts). 4.2. Sampling The choice of the regions for the survey was based not on the representative sampling of regions, but rather on interest of project's donors and beneficiaries towards particular regions. Nevertheless, these regions represent all 7 Federal districts of the Russian Federation (see picture 1.1). Also, as it was shown in the introduction part, regions under the survey cover 17% territory, 33% of population and 44% of the GDP of Russian Federation. Thus, for illustrative purposes one can consider the picture in these regions as a roughly representative picture of Russia. NOTE TO THE READER: Due to the specifics of this project, the selection of regions in which this project is to be carried out1, as well as a selection process of respondents2, might be somewhat biased. This is likely to lead to underestimations of obstacles measured. One might say that the findings of this project represent the "lower bound" of problems entrepreneurs in Russian Federation realistically face, when undergoing the procedures under investigation. The actual situation in the Russian Federation is likely to be somewhat worse. Quotas for collecting interviews from BIS and ARCS were elaborated for each region. In most of the regions the required number of both BIS and ARCS interviews was 100, but exceptions were made for Moscow, Moscow Oblast and Saint-Petersburg (150 BIS interviews) and for Novgorod Oblast (70 BIS interviews). One BIS company could give several interviews on several procedures and, correspondingly, fill several questionnaires during one meeting. 111 out of 15 regions requested to work with FIAS in the past on removal of administrative barriers to investment, and thus might be more interested in reforms than average. Out of 15 regions Khabarovsk Krai, Novosibirsk Oblast, Moscow City, and Moscow Oblast has not been FIAS partners. 2The fact that the survey uses only firms who have at least attempted one of the "locating procedures" already introduces a clear bias. For example, among ARCS respondents in this survey, 18% claim to own land, while more general business surveys indicate a figure closer to 5%. Also some of the contacted companies refused to participate in the survey. It was not possible to investigate the reasons for refusals 5 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report A database of potential BIS and ARCS companies was generated in every surveyed region. Most of the database of BIS companies was generated based on the following sources of information: 1. Goskomstat (the National Committee for Statistics of the Russian Federation): the lists of enterprises that submitted the statistical reporting form No.1 "Services (Real Estate)" for the year 2003 were taken as the basis. 2. Public sources of information: websites, regional printed reference publications, electronic databases and regional printed or electronic advertising publications. It's worthwhile to note that the lists of the enterprises that had been compiled based on the information from public sources were more comprehensive and better represented the BIS general population. A number of factors could cause this circumstance. First, the actual sampling that had been compiled based on the information from the public sources includes both the legal entities and the sole proprietors while the Goskomstat database makes available the information on the legal entities only. In addition, the Goskomstat database only provides information on those companies that officially render services in real estate business. Third, a certain part of the small business enterprises, even those that registered their real estate services in Goskomstat, fail to submit the above form due to poor compliance. Fourth, the lists of the companies that submitted the reporting form No.1 (an information form that is supposed to be submitted to Goskomstat on the annual base) includes both the enterprises that deal with business real estate as well as the enterprises dealing with residential properties, which is outside the scope of this survey. Thus, a decision was made to use the public data to conduct a sample survey of the BIS population. While generating the ARCS database, there were concerns that the acquisition of a statistical database covering all legal entities and sole proprietors registered in the surveyed regions is rather an expensive and long procedure. Thus, Goskomstat could only provide information on legal entities. Meanwhile, the terms and the cost of obtaining this information did not correspond the conditions of the present project. The per-unit data obtained from the official registries are often not updated and lack company addresses and telephone numbers. However, even if more than a half of addresses and telephone numbers were available they could have been outdated as the 2004 pilot study of the BIS companies proved. Thus, to generate the ARCS population within the scope of this project it seemed to be more reasonable to use the data on regional companies and sole proprietors available from the public information sources. Implementation of the selected approach required information provided by the regional statistical agencies and/or the tax authorities on the total number of companies that submitted 2004 accounting balance-sheets as well as on the number of registered sole proprietors. The obtained data were compared with the number of statistical units that had been figured out through the processing of the public source information (reference publications, telephone directories etc.). After the Goskomstat data on the number of legal entities and sole proprietors had been received, the validity of the public sources was assessed. The above 6 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report assessment involved use of statistical data for the general population, which included both the legal entities and the sole proprietors. Computations have been done for two levels of confidence probability: P = 0.954 and P = 0.997, given a 5% maximum tolerable relative sampling error. Thus, for all regions one can report with a probability close to 1 that the actual sample size, i.e., the number of enterprises represented in public information can be used as a basis for generating sampled populations of ARCS- and BIS-type companies. The sampling error will not exceed 5%. The sample size included 100 respondents in each region from both BIS and ARCS. The established sample size for this project was subject to a number of constraints: 1. The number of potential respondents. Only BIS companies are relevant here; as the fieldwork statistics indicate, in a number of regions virtually all of the regions' intermediary companies have been interviewed. 2. The degree of complexity in finding respondents. The portion of ARCS companies is 1% to 3% of the total number of companies in the region. 3. Project deadlines and budget. At the same time, this sample size enables analysis of the obtained information with the expected level of detail. The key principle of sample generation for both surveys was based on random selection of potential respondents from the generated lists. For more details see Annex 2. The number of collected questionnaires in some regions was below initially expected values. The reasons for the difference between factual and planned sample size could be the following: 1. The number of potential BIS respondents was very limited. After BIS database was completely exhausted, the necessary number of interviews was still not reached. No other effort could lead to the increase of the interviews' number. 2. The same is true for ARCS samples in some relatively small regions such as Sakhalin Oblast: after all potential sources of information about ARCS were used, the planned sample size was still not achieved. 3. The percentage of companies that carried out procedures under the survey as well as their willingness to give an interview was extremely low in such regions as Khabarovsk Krai (less than 2% ). Due to this reason, collecting necessary number of interviews within the timelines of the project was not possible. 4.3. Fieldwork In all regions except for Nizhniy Novgorod Oblast, Moscow and Moscow Oblast (where the fieldwork was performed by the contractors), subcontractors were selected for the fieldwork. General criteria for the selection of subcontractors were the following: - availability of qualified human resources for organization of the fieldwork; - interviewers' network necessary for making appointment and performing 7 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report interviews; - experience in performing the fieldwork part of similar projects; - price of the interview acceptable within the budget of the project. The full list of selected subcontractors together with brief information about them can be seen in Annex 3. In order to insure the highest possible quality of collected data, the pilot research fieldworks were conducted in all 15 regions. The purpose of these pilots was both: to insure that all regional specifics are covered in the instruments, and to insure that the interviewers in all regions are properly trained. Pilot research fieldwork was preceded by a series of training sessions for the subcontractor's interviewers and fieldwork managers. The purpose of the training was to explain the subject of the survey and to analyze different situations that could come up during the survey. An employee of contractors ("Media Navigator" or "Business Thesarus") conducted the training directly in the region under study. Training the interviewers included 3 stages: 1. A detailed analysis of the questionnaires and survey situations and an introduction to the area of questioning at the general meeting of interviewers. A review of a model for filling in a questionnaire. The training took about 5 hours. 2. Since the company employees attended each interviewer's pilot interviews, the interviewers' work could be tested, and typical mistakes could be analyzed after the interview. 3. Having completed the pilot study, the interviewers held another meeting for their feedback and a review of the mistakes revealed during the survey. The main part of training was a role play where the subcontractor's interviewer was supposed to interview a contractors' expert. Having completed the interview, the project participants reviewed the mistakes. The training took about 2.5 hours. Following the pilot study an interviewer team of six persons was formed to work in the main fieldwork stage. The fieldwork in the main field was preceded by additional training of interviewers where amendments to the pilot questionnaire were highlighted. Potential respondents were selected through a screening questionnaire. Respondents had to qualify for three criteria: · carried out procedures related to land and real estate in 2004; · procedures the company is involved in must be on the list of procedures under study; · the unit must be on the list of relevant municipalities. Besides the qualifying questions, the screening questionnaire included helpful phrases for an interviewer while setting up a meeting. The respondents were selected and recruited by two or three employees in the subcontractor's office. The subcontractor's project manager coordinated the work done by these two groups of interviewers. 8 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Questionnaire quality control included several stages. Stage 1. The subcontractor's checks: 1. An interviewer checked on his or her own whether the questionnaire had been completed correctly and thoroughly before the questionnaire was submitted to the project manager. 2. A supervisor checked whether the questionnaire had been completed correctly, thoroughly and logically. 3. A supervisor checked whether the interview had actually been held (10% of the questionnaires were checked by phone, while another 10% were checked by a personal visit). Stage 2: Contractors' check prior to entering the data: 1. A supervisor checked whether the questionnaire had been completed correctly, thoroughly and logically. 2. A supervisor checked whether the interview had actually been held (25% of the questionnaires were checked by phone). Stage 3. The supervisor's checks while entering the data: 1. To facilitate data entry, a data entry template was developed that provided for a system of logical control of the entered data. Every operator received detailed instructions prior to entering the data. 2. All questions that had risen during data input were entered in a separate file and discussed with the input coordinator. 3. To control the data entry quality, 20% of every keyboard operator's questionnaires were re-entered. Tables 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 on the next page give the most important information about the fieldwork covering both: the screening and the main fieldwork. 9 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 4.1 Statistics on the field work, BIS dargninilaK 'tsalbO -tniaS grubsreteP dargnineL 'tsalbO wocso wocso ks 'tsalbO M M 'tsalbO ksvoldrevS 'tsalbO dorogvoN 'tsalbO moT 'tsalbO ksvorabahK iarK kstukrI 'tsalbO votsoR 'tsalbO mreP ksribisovoN 'tsalbO ynhziN dorogvoN 'tsalbO nilahkaS 'tsalbO Number of companies in the database 69 554 110 820 74 314 57 213 461 394 347 845 253 640 174 Number of phone calls 230 290 157 407 194 289 57 270 384 289 147 701 224 634 174 Number of companies interviewed 58 17 12 47 24 26 14 37 42 51 18 73 49 37 12 Number of meetings as a percentage of phone 25,2 5,9 7,6 11 7,2 8,9 25 14 10,9 17,6 9,5 10,4 21,9 5,8 6,8 calls made Number of questionnaires 98 32 26 114 40 55 25 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 18 Refusal-rate ,% 25,2 5,9 0,1 11,5 12,4 9,0 24,6 13,7 3 15 25,8 10,0 66,5 9,5 11,5 Duration of an average interview, minutes 76 64 49 41 44 66 68 56 31 34 40 44 53 58 51 Duration of the whole fieldwork, working days 74 56 69 90 83 55 36 35 67 47 29 64 52 58 56 Table 4.2 Statistics on the field work, ARCS dargninilaK 'tsalbO -tniaS grubsreteP dargnineL 'tsalbO wocso wocso M M 'tsalbO ksvoldrevS 'tsalbO dorogvoN 'tsalbO ks moT 'tsalbO ksvorabahK iarK kstukrI 'tsalbO votsoR 'tsalbO mreP 'tsalbO ksribisovoN 'tsalbO ynhziN dorogvoN 'tsalbO nilahkaS 'tsalbO Number of companies in the database 3800 53076 1357 19417 794 32923 2386 3892 6595 6301 7030 29750 13848 12600 1050 Number of phone calls 1078 837 275 3540 1211 270 410 1674 2118 1287 522 2743 2750 2232 1050 Number of companies interviewed 100 44 29 60 18 100 100 100 70 100 100 100 100 102 70 Number of meetings as a percentage of phone 9,3 4,7 8 1,2 1,1 37 24 6 3,3 7,8 19 3,6 3,6 4,6 6,6 calls made Number of questionnaires 100 44 29 60 18 99 100 100 70 100 100 100 100 102 70 Refusal-rate ,% 9,3 5,3 10,5 1,7 1,5 37,0 24,4 6,0 2,8 5 48 8,1 5,5 18,3 10,2 Duration of an average interview, minutes 56 46 61 52 70 69 75 53 42 46 36 35 52 48 35 Duration of the whole fieldwork, working days 74 56 69 90 83 55 36 35 67 47 29 64 52 58 56 10 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report 4.4. Data entry and analysis The data obtained during the study were entered into the SPSS Data Entry 3.0 software package format. To facilitate the data entry, a unified data entry template was developed that ensured both the convenience of data entry and a system of logical control of the entered data, which allowed for a follow-up check. The data were entered by employees of contractors. All data entry operators have received introductory training that included the following: 1. Detailed instructions on data entry techniques and regulations. 2. A demonstration of data entry by an analytical department employee who developed the data entry mask. 3. A practice entry of several questionnaires by each operator. 4. Checking of data entry and team work on reviewing entry mistakes. The entered database was additionally cleaned up using the SPSS syntax. Data cleaning was necessary to transform some variables into a format more convenient for the subsequent analysis and to enable extra logical control of data entry. The data analysis plan was developed and approved by the FIAS manager to enable data analysis. Data analysis involved the application of SPSS for the Windows 13.0 software package. To enable the contractors to perform data analysis in compliance with the data analysis plan, a data-computing syntax was developed that facilitated processing of the obtained data and allowed for normalization of the obtained results for every region. 11 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report 5. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT COMPANIES UNDER SURVEY Table 5.1 Number of respondents, counts Total dargninilaK tsalbo -tniaS grubsreteP dargnineL tsalbo wocso wocso tsalboks tsalbo M M tsalbo ksvoldrevS tsalbo dorogvoN tsalbo moT ksvorabahK iarK tsalbokstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP ksribisovoN tsalbo ynhziN dorogvoN tsalbo nilahkaS tsalbo BIS 517 58 17 12 47 24 26 14 37 42 51 18 73 49 37 12 ARCS 1188 100 44 29 60 18 99 100 100 70 100 100 100 100 100 68 Table 5.2 Number of employees in ARCS companies, % Total dargninilaK tsalbo -tniaS grubsreteP dargnineL tsalbo wocso wocso tsalboks tsalbo M M tsalbo ksvoldrevS tsalbo dorogvoN tsalbo moT ksvorabahK iarK tsalbokstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP ksribisovoN tsalbo ynhziN dorogvoN tsalbo nilahkaS tsalbo Less than 5 people 9 10 9 36 0 0 15 6 10 6 6 11 7 3 6 13 From 5 to 10 people 22 15 39 25 15 0 31 19 51 11 23 15 14 24 23 10 From 11 to 50 people 38 39 41 18 43 39 40 45 30 41 35 37 25 54 34 38 From 51 to 100 people 11 14 7 11 10 28 5 13 3 20 16 14 12 6 11 16 More than 100 people 15 14 5 7 30 33 2 13 5 17 16 11 31 11 22 16 Refusal 2 0 0 4 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 7 2 0 0 6 Difficult to answer 3 8 0 0 0 0 5 2 1 3 3 5 9 2 3 0 12 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 5.3 Turnover of ARCS companies in 2004, % Total dargninilaK tsalbo -tniaS grubsreteP dargnineL tsalbo wocso wocso ks tsalbo M M tsalbo ksvoldrevS tsalbo dorogvoN tsalbo moT tsalbo ksvorabahK iarK kstukrI tsalbo votsoR tsalbo mreP ksribisovoN tsalbo ynhziN dorogvoN tsalbo nilahkaS tsalbo Under 1 mln rubles 20 14 39 32 8 6 25 14 47 17 8 36 10 9 23 9 1-5 mln rubles 19 11 23 29 18 24 18 17 28 16 17 20 9 45 11 7 5-15 mln rubles 13 11 11 11 18 12 8 20 4 17 15 6 14 19 6 19 15-30 mln rubles 6 8 2 0 0 12 3 6 2 10 8 1 7 5 13 13 30-100 mln rubles 10 11 5 4 18 18 8 13 6 13 6 1 16 9 11 10 Over 100 mln rubles 7 8 0 4 15 18 1 9 3 16 10 0 16 7 5 6 Refusal 19 27 16 21 10 0 32 17 8 11 28 35 15 4 19 18 Difficult to answer 7 10 5 0 12 12 5 3 1 0 7 1 14 2 12 18 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Table 5.4 ARCS comparison by the spheres of activity, % Total in Total (Arcs population survey) dargninilaK tsalbo -tniaS grubsreteP dargnineL tsalbo wocso wocso tsalboks tsalbo M M tsalbo ksvoldrevS tsalbo dorogvoN tsalbo moT ksvorabahK iarK tsalbokstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP ksribisovoN tsalbo ynhziN dorogvoN tsalbo nilahkaS tsalbo Production 12 13 10 2 14 18 28 6 23 4 13 10 25 8 12 16 18 Trade 52 37 28 43 59 22 6 46 33 44 31 37 47 33 43 31 33 Services 31 39 42 50 17 43 56 44 32 37 41 37 25 53 38 38 40 Construction 6 10 19 5 7 17 11 3 11 15 14 15 2 4 5 14 9 Other 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 13 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 5.5 The property rights to real estate objects, % tsalbo Total dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso M M ksvoldrevS tsalbo dorogvoN tsalboks moT iarKksvorabahK tsalbokstukrI tsalbovotsoR tsalbo mreP tsalboksribisovoN dorogvoNynhziN tsalbo tsalbo nilahkaS Nonresidential premises 89 87 98 83 92 94 88 91 91 90 84 82 91 95 89 82 Owned 51 45 20 52 43 89 41 67 51 67 58 42 63 43 47 53 Leased 49 57 80 31 50 11 48 40 54 43 50 43 47 66 45 37 Buildings or structures, including in-progress construction 40 53 5 14 53 94 17 45 19 66 67 20 50 24 42 59 Owned 33 28 2 7 47 94 13 39 13 54 58 15 45 19 38 50 Leased 11 28 5 7 10 6 6 7 8 23 20 5 11 8 4 10 Land under buildings and structures 50 68 7 52 52 94 22 79 32 63 69 29 56 30 50 75 Owned 14 12 2 7 0 22 4 16 22 6 40 17 19 7 11 29 Leased 41 58 5 41 52 78 18 62 10 59 49 13 45 24 43 62 Land without structures, allocated for construction 19 29 5 17 12 44 2 11 10 26 33 30 24 9 17 22 Owned 5 4 0 3 0 0 0 6 1 0 16 21 6 1 1 4 Leased 14 22 5 14 12 39 2 4 9 26 23 10 21 8 16 19 14 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Chart 5.6 Number of BIS and ARCS companies that carried out each of the procedures, counts Procedure #1 192 Procedure #2A 43 Procedure #2B 38 Procedure #3A 142 Procedure #3B 282 Procedure #4 271 Procedure #5 21 Procedure #6 122 Procedure #7A 221 Procedure #7B 221 Procedure #8 25 Procedure #9 46 BIS ARCS 15 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 5.7 Number of BIS companies that carried out each of the procedures, counts Procedure latoT dargninilaK tsalbo tsalbo -tniaS sretePgrub dargnineL tsalbo wocso wocso tsalb tsalbo M M o ksvoldrevS tsalbo dorogvoN tsalbo tsalboks moT ksvorabahK iarK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP ksribisovoN tsalbo ynhziN dorogvoN tsalbo nilahkaS tsalbo 1. Leasing a land plot for construction with..... 158 11 5 4 8 6 10 3 13 16 14 11 19 22 11 5 2A, 2B 71 9 0 2 4 2 4 0 0 2 10 12 7 13 6 0 2A. Obtaining ownership rights on a land plot during tenders.... 35 4 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 4 11 5 4 4 0 2B. Leasing a land plot for construction during tenders without 36 5 0 2 4 1 3 0 0 1 6 1 2 9 2 0 3A, 3B 198 26 2 2 13 5 10 10 22 20 16 10 20 18 21 3 3A. Obtaining ownership rights on land plots that are currently... 107 19 1 1 0 3 6 6 14 5 14 9 8 4 15 2 3B. Leasing land plots with buildings owned by the company 91 7 1 1 13 2 4 4 8 15 2 1 12 14 6 1 4. Leasing a real estate object without the procedure of tender 104 9 3 0 11 0 4 0 11 14 14 11 6 11 10 0 5. Leasing a real estate object, which is municipal property... 35 3 1 0 3 0 5 0 0 0 5 12 1 1 3 1 6. Transferring a premise(building) from the residential use... 146 6 6 8 11 2 6 6 13 12 15 12 16 15 15 3 7A, 7B 258 25 14 6 48 15 10 6 17 30 12 11 19 19 21 5 7A. State registration of a purchase and sale transaction .... 191 19 11 6 29 11 6 5 11 22 11 11 15 14 15 5 7B. State registration of a lease agreement concluded in ... 67 6 3 0 19 4 4 1 6 8 1 0 4 5 6 0 8. Transferring a land plot from one category to another... 67 7 0 3 0 6 0 0 18 3 7 10 7 0 5 1 9. Privatization of a real estate object (buildings,structure.... 63 2 1 1 5 4 6 0 7 3 9 11 5 1 8 0 Total 1100 98 32 26 103 40 55 25 101 100 102 100 100 100 100 18 16 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 5.8 Number of ARCS that carried out each of the procedures (from the random selection), counts Procedure latoT argninilaKtsalbo wocso tsalb ks tsa iarK ts tsalbo d -tniaS sretePgrub dargnineLtsalbo wocso M M o ksvoldrevStsalbo dorogvoNtsalbo moT lbo svorabahK k kstukrItsalbo votsoRtsalbo mreP albo sribisovoN k ynhziN dorogvoNtsalbonilahkaStsalbo 1. Leasing a land plot for construction with..... 192 35 1 4 7 3 9 14 11 14 21 10 16 13 14 20 2A, 2B 81 11 0 8 1 1 1 0 1 3 18 19 9 3 6 5 2A. Obtaining ownership rights on a land plot during tenders.... 43 5 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 13 18 3 1 3 2 2B. Leasing a land plot for construction during tenders without 38 6 0 7 1 0 1 0 0 3 5 1 6 2 3 3 3A, 3B 424 41 2 7 16 15 19 56 24 41 48 19 48 26 56 32 3A. Obtaining ownership rights on land plots that are currently... 142 14 0 3 0 6 6 15 20 8 29 16 18 7 13 13 3B. Leasing land plots with buildings owned by the company 282 27 2 4 16 9 13 41 4 33 19 3 30 19 43 19 4. Leasing a real estate object without the procedure of tender 271 19 20 5 14 0 32 15 27 11 21 33 21 25 20 8 5. Leasing a real estate object, which is municipal property... 21 4 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 4 2 1 1 6. Transferring a premise(building) from the residential use... 122 5 2 0 0 0 25 12 22 10 13 7 7 9 6 4 7A, 7B 442 47 23 10 25 8 31 40 28 11 56 11 36 49 47 20 7A. State registration of a purchase and sale transaction .... 221 18 4 4 11 6 12 31 12 5 37 7 21 19 22 12 7B. State registration of a lease agreement concluded in ... 221 29 19 6 14 2 19 9 16 6 19 4 15 30 25 8 8. Transferring a land plot from one category to another... 25 6 0 2 0 1 0 0 5 0 5 0 3 0 0 3 9. Privatization of a real estate object (buildings,structure.... 46 7 1 2 1 1 4 1 7 0 5 6 2 2 4 3 Total ARCS companies 1188 100 44 29 60 18 99 100 100 70 100 100 100 100 100 68 17 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report 6. GENERAL INDICATORS FOR ALL PROCEDURES Table 6.1 Frequency of unofficial payments, BIS, % tsalbo tsalbo iarK Procedure latoT dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Procedure 1 60 40 33 50 100 80 83 0 n/a 25 75 90 25 67 100 67 Procedure 2A 62 33 n/a n/a n/a 0 100 n/a n/a 100 0 89 100 67 67 n/a Procedure 2B 60 0 n/a 0 67 0 100 n/a n/a 100 100 n/a n/a 75 100 n/a Procedure 3A 52 69 n/a n/a n/a 67 67 0 14 60 70 89 25 50 63 50 Procedure 3B 49 60 100 100 64 50 0 0 0 55 50 100 29 20 100 0 Procedure 4 52 25 33 n/a 78 n/a 67 n/a 67 50 62 73 50 25 38 n/a Procedure 5 41 0 100 n/a 50 n/a 50 n/a n/a n/a 40 73 0 0 0 100 Procedure 6 71 75 75 50 90 n/a 100 25 67 64 89 90 44 43 78 100 Procedure 7A 45 40 100 17 56 82 50 0 43 21 45 82 23 45 33 40 Procedure 7B 31 60 33 n/a 47 75 67 0 0 38 0 n/a 0 40 17 n/a Procedure 8 76 67 n/a 33 n/a 100 n/a n/a n/a 100 67 89 67 n/a 60 100 Procedure 9 59 0 100 100 75 100 60 n/a 0 33 63 82 0 100 50 n/a Regional total 53 39 72 50 70 62 68 4 27 59 55 86 33 48 59 65 18 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 6.2 Frequency of unofficial payments, ARCS, % tsalbo tsalbo iarK Procedure latoT dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Procedure 1 62 63 n/a 50 100 100 75 27 40 89 88 13 45 67 60 44 Procedure 2A 44 50 n/a n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 100 n/a 50 0 50 0 100 50 Procedure 2B 37 0 n/a 100 100 n/a n/a n/a n/a 33 50 0 40 0 50 0 Procedure 3A 40 20 n/a 100 n/a 60 50 14 27 50 47 22 0 50 57 22 Procedure 3B 27 57 n/a 0 33 100 20 7 0 35 70 0 17 0 38 6 Procedure 4 36 46 6 50 75 n/a 22 17 27 43 46 81 36 21 16 20 Procedure 5 76 33 n/a n/a 100 n/a 100 n/a n/a n/a 100 n/a 0 n/a 100 100 Procedure 6 63 100 n/a n/a n/a n/a 63 38 60 50 67 50 50 100 50 n/a Procedure 7A 39 44 100 100 33 67 22 13 13 50 21 20 13 36 40 13 Procedure 7B 32 28 56 0 50 100 36 0 33 0 63 100 0 0 18 0 Procedure 8 50 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 n/a 0 n/a n/a 100 Procedure 9 39 50 0 100 0 n/a 75 n/a 50 n/a 75 67 0 0 50 0 Regional total 45 41 41 63 61 71 51 17 39 44 65 35 21 27 53 32 19 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 6.3 Frequency of unofficial payments, ARCS and BIS, % tsalbo tsalbo iarK Procedure latoT dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Procedure 1 59 59 33 50 100 83 78 25 40 59 80 56 33 67 71 50 Procedure 2A 60 43 n/a n/a n/a 0 100 n/a 100 100 38 30 75 50 80 50 Procedure 2B 48 0 n/a 83 75 0 100 n/a n/a 50 86 0 40 67 75 0 Procedure 3A 48 55 n/a 100 n/a 63 60 11 22 56 56 56 13 50 60 27 Procedure 3B 38 58 100 50 50 83 17 7 0 42 67 25 21 7 45 6 Procedure 4 39 41 10 50 77 n/a 28 17 36 47 54 79 39 22 23 20 Procedure 5 53 25 100 n/a 80 n/a 67 n/a n/a n/a 50 73 0 0 33 100 Procedure 6 69 83 75 50 90 n/a 73 34 62 62 80 79 45 60 73 100 Procedure 7A 40 42 100 29 50 79 33 11 27 24 29 63 17 41 36 23 Procedure 7B 34 35 50 0 48 80 43 0 30 34 56 100 0 10 18 0 Procedure 8 73 50 n/a 33 n/a 100 n/a n/a n/a 100 75 89 50 n/a 60 100 Procedure 9 50 33 50 100 60 100 67 n/a 18 33 67 79 0 50 50 0 Regional total 50 44 65 55 70 65 61 15 37 55 61 61 28 38 52 40 20 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 6.4 Share of BIS that were making payments to non-governmental foundations or providing sponsorship, % tsalbo iarK Procedure latoT dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M tsalboksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Procedure 1 32 0 33 0 67 40 83 0 n/a 88 0 20 25 11 50 33 Procedure 2A 36 0 n/a n/a n/a 0 100 n/a n/a 100 0 11 50 33 33 n/a Procedure 2B 19 0 n/a 0 0 0 0 n/a n/a 100 20 n/a n/a 0 50 n/a Procedure 3A 17 31 n/a n/a n/a 0 33 0 14 40 0 44 25 0 13 0 Procedure 3B 17 20 0 0 36 50 0 0 0 36 50 0 14 20 33 0 Procedure 4 29 25 33 n/a 11 n/a 67 n/a 0 50 8 9 75 25 13 n/a Procedure 5 8 0 0 n/a 50 n/a 0 n/a n/a n/a 20 9 0 0 0 0 Procedure 6 27 0 75 0 20 n/a 33 25 17 45 22 40 11 14 22 50 Procedure 7A 12 13 14 0 12 9 17 0 0 11 0 18 15 9 20 40 Procedure 7B 7 0 0 n/a 6 25 0 0 0 38 0 n/a 0 0 17 n/a Procedure 8 18 0 n/a 0 n/a 17 n/a n/a n/a 0 17 56 33 n/a 40 0 Procedure 9 21 100 0 0 0 50 0 n/a 0 67 0 18 25 0 17 n/a Regional total 19 16 19 0 22 21 30 4 4 52 11 23 25 10 26 18 21 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 6.5 Share of ARCS that were making payments to non-governmental foundations or providing sponsorship, % tsalbo tsalbo iarK Procedure latoT dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Procedure 1 33 21 0 0 100 100 63 27 17 56 23 0 8 25 25 30 Procedure 2A 39 40 n/a n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 100 n/a 13 0 0 100 50 50 Procedure 2B 39 25 n/a 0 100 n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 0 0 17 50 0 100 Procedure 3A 23 0 n/a 100 n/a 25 33 0 0 50 6 0 25 0 43 11 Procedure 3B 20 5 n/a 0 25 75 20 20 0 33 27 0 21 45 14 0 Procedure 4 16 13 18 0 13 n/a 11 17 8 80 21 0 14 16 10 0 Procedure 5 25 0 n/a n/a 75 n/a 100 n/a n/a n/a 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 Procedure 6 23 33 n/a n/a n/a n/a 22 10 0 67 0 0 33 50 33 0 Procedure 7A 13 0 0 0 33 25 33 4 22 25 11 0 6 31 11 0 Procedure 7B 23 4 11 40 0 100 17 17 0 100 8 0 17 9 6 20 Procedure 8 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 Procedure 9 8 0 0 0 0 0 75 n/a 25 n/a 0 0 0 0 0 0 Regional total 22 12 6 16 43 41 42 14 17 64 9 0 12 33 17 18 22 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 6.6 Share of BIS that paid additional burdens, % tsalbo tsalbo iarK Procedure latoT dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Procedure 1 25 0 0 0 67 0 67 0 n/a 75 17 0 63 33 0 33 Procedure 2A 40 0 n/a n/a n/a 0 100 n/a n/a 100 0 11 50 33 67 n/a Procedure 2B 11 0 n/a 0 0 0 0 n/a n/a 0 20 n/a n/a 25 50 n/a Procedure 3A 13 15 n/a n/a n/a 0 33 0 0 40 10 22 25 0 13 0 Procedure 3B 19 40 0 100 9 0 0 0 0 18 50 0 29 0 33 0 Procedure 4 26 25 33 n/a 11 n/a 33 n/a 0 25 15 9 100 0 38 n/a Procedure 5 3 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 n/a n/a n/a 20 9 0 0 0 0 Procedure 6 29 0 25 63 0 n/a 67 25 0 55 22 10 22 29 33 50 Procedure 7A 9 27 0 0 12 9 0 0 0 5 0 9 23 0 13 40 Procedure 7B 4 0 0 n/a 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 n/a 0 20 0 n/a Procedure 8 25 0 n/a 0 n/a 17 n/a n/a n/a 0 17 11 17 n/a 60 100 Procedure 9 25 0 0 100 50 50 20 n/a 0 33 0 9 50 0 17 n/a Regional total 18 9 7 38 15 8 32 4 0 32 14 9 34 13 27 32 23 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 6.7 Share of ARCS that paid additional burdens, % tsalbo tsalbo iarK Procedure latoT dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Procedure 1 24 7 0 0 67 50 38 9 17 56 0 0 8 25 38 40 Procedure 2A 19 20 n/a n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 100 n/a 0 0 0 0 50 0 Procedure 2B 20 0 n/a 0 100 n/a n/a n/a n/a 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 Procedure 3A 19 0 n/a 100 n/a 25 0 0 0 50 6 0 0 25 29 11 Procedure 3B 11 0 n/a 0 17 0 20 7 25 25 0 0 14 27 11 7 Procedure 4 9 13 0 0 13 n/a 5 8 0 40 7 0 7 16 5 17 Procedure 5 21 0 n/a n/a 25 n/a 100 n/a n/a n/a 0 n/a 25 n/a 0 0 Procedure 6 37 33 n/a n/a n/a n/a 22 0 0 67 11 0 33 75 67 100 Procedure 7A 11 0 0 0 22 25 33 0 11 25 4 0 6 15 6 22 Procedure 7B 9 0 11 0 0 0 8 0 0 100 0 0 0 14 0 0 Procedure 8 5 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 n/a n/a 33 Procedure 9 4 0 0 0 0 0 25 n/a 25 n/a 0 0 0 0 0 0 Regional total 16 6 2 11 31 13 28 3 18 45 2 0 8 20 19 28 24 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 6.8 Share of situations when BIS services were used by ARCS companies, %, tsalbo tsalbo iarK Procedure latoT dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Procedure 1 24 26 0 0 25 33 0 15 56 0 56 20 17 57 40 11 Procedure 2A 23 25 n/a 100 n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a 33 0 0 0 67 0 Procedure 2B 35 67 n/a 0 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a 0 50 0 33 100 50 50 Procedure 3A 32 45 n/a 50 n/a 0 0 30 31 0 24 44 67 75 50 0 Procedure 3B 23 39 n/a 50 8 20 9 13 33 0 29 0 20 50 33 16 Procedure 4 22 31 6 33 30 n/a 14 0 52 22 35 21 20 18 10 17 Procedure 5 25 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a 0 n/a n/a n/a 0 100 25 100 0 0 Procedure 6 56 0 100 n/a n/a n/a 47 11 29 75 60 43 67 78 60 100 Procedure 7A 37 42 67 75 18 40 10 18 42 33 30 17 43 47 36 42 Procedure 7B 42 36 40 20 45 50 35 0 25 50 36 75 77 44 50 40 Procedure 8 50 67 n/a 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 n/a 33 n/a 0 n/a n/a 100 Procedure 9 27 60 0 50 0 n/a 25 n/a 33 n/a 0 50 0 50 50 0 Regional total 31 37 36 38 16 24 16 12 40 23 32 34 31 56 41 31 25 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 6.9 Dependence the type of procedure (lease vs purchase) on the size of BIS client companies, % Code of procedure 2A 2B 3A 3B 7A 7B Less than 5 people 50 50 50 50 76 24 From 5 till 10 people 63 38 59 41 75 25 From 11 till 50 people 41 59 57 43 67 33 From 51 till 100 people 58 42 55 45 75 25 More than 100 people 50 50 44 56 70 30 difficult to answer 30 70 64 36 88 12 refusal 100 0 67 33 67 33 Table 6.10 Dependence the type of procedure (lease vs purchase) on the type of BIS client companies, % Code of procedure 2A 2B 3A 3B 7A 7B Sole proprietor 30 70 63 38 71 29 Limited liability company 53 47 50 50 74 26 Open joint stock company 50 50 67 33 71 29 Closed joint stock company 50 50 64 36 92 8 Non-profit organization, non-profit fund 100 0 33 67 33 67 Others n/a n/a 67 33 50 50 difficult to answer 0 100 100 0 100 0 refusal 100 0 67 33 40 60 26 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 6.11 Estimation by ARCS of the frequency of situations, when government agencies deter companies from purchase of land, % Difficult to Mean % of answer Refusal Every time Very often Usually Sometimes Seldom Never cases All regions 24 1 12 10 8 5 3 37 34 Kaliningrad oblast 16 0 11 16 11 5 0 42 35 Saint-Petersburg n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Leningrad oblast 40 20 20 0 20 0 0 0 75 Moscow 36 0 27 0 18 0 9 9 58 Moscow oblast 50 0 0 0 17 0 0 33 17 Sverdlovsk oblast 27 0 0 9 18 0 0 45 23 Novgorod oblast 34 0 6 3 3 3 0 51 15 Tomsk oblast 0 0 25 25 25 25 0 0 63 Khabarovsk Krai 12 0 12 4 0 0 0 72 17 Irkutsk oblast 14 0 0 29 21 7 7 21 41 Rostov oblast 0 0 0 0 25 25 0 50 18 Perm oblast 50 0 6 6 6 11 6 17 31 Novosibirsk oblast 15 0 15 15 8 0 15 31 38 Nizhny Novgorod oblast 8 8 24 12 0 12 4 32 43 Sakhalin oblast 27 0 20 27 7 0 0 20 61 27 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report 7. PROCEDURE BY PROCEDURE ANALYSIS ACROSS REGIONS Table 7.1 General indicators for completing Procedure #1 Average time, in days Average total costs, in rubles BIS ARCS BIS ARCS Kaliningrad oblast' 282 296 87 250 57 114 Saint-Petersburg 132 insufficient data insufficient data n/a Leningrad oblast' 213 51 115 000 insufficient data Moscow 225 413 insufficient data 1 520 000 Moscow oblast' 245 insufficient data 269 250 insufficient data Sverdlovsk oblast' 398 341 885 000 246 375 Novgorod oblast' insufficient data 149 insufficient data 10 763 Tomsk oblast' n/a 346 n/a insufficient data Khabarovsk Krai 379 301 380 000 275 000 Irkutsk oblast' 365 320 65 833 79 000 Rostov oblast' 78 53 26 600 12 500 Perm oblast' 466 283 108 583 254 000 Novosibirsk oblast' 584 665 484 286 416 667 Nizhny Novgorod oblast' insufficient data 202 insufficient data 533 333 Sakhalin oblast' 260 270 insufficient data 52 883 28 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.2 Stages of the Procedure #1 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 22 16,7 17 38 42,9 Kaliningrad oblast 21 11,6 13 34 46,3 Saint Petersburg 17 12,5 17 42 100,0 Leningrad oblast from 18 to 21 7,3 from 11 to 16 from 19 to 36 66,7 Moscow 24 8,0 22 24 61,7 Moscow oblast from 16 to 17 14,8 from 12 to 15 from 16 to 17 32,7 Sverdlovsk oblast 28 19,0 30 88 42,1 Novgorod oblast from 10 to 23 16,0 from 5 to 25 from 17 to 76 0 Tomsk oblast 21 n/a 28 65 n/a Khabarovsk Krai 23 20,5 12 24 42,9 Irkutsk oblast 20 17,4 21 31 47,1 Rostov oblast 26 17,0 20 49 69,2 Perm oblast 31 22,9 10 40 18,7 Novosibirsk oblast 22 17,1 14 25 11,8 Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 29 26,0 16 36 4,0 Sakhalin oblast 19 14,0 11 25 10,8 29 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.3 Stages of the Procedure # 2A Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 16 13,1 11 26 36,8 Kaliningrad oblast 5 5,0 6 20 40,0 Saint Petersburg 13 n/a 12 32 n/a Leningrad oblast From 6 to 7 n/a From 3 to 5 From 9 to 12 n/a Moscow 8 n/a 5 18 n/a Moscow oblast 5 4,0 2 From 12 to 16 0,0 Sverdlovsk oblast 23 n/a 25 72 75,0 Novgorod oblast 5 n/a 3 From 18 to 22 n/a Tomsk oblast 5 n/a 6 14 n/a Khabarovsk Krai 21 13,0 12 22 30,8 Irkutsk oblast 21 7,5 15 21 0,0 Rostov oblast 25 16,3 20 44 47,9 Perm oblast 30 25,5 17 32 28,9 Novosibirsk oblast 16 11,5 8 18 40,2 Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 29 22,0 14 33 68,2 Sakhalin oblast 20 n/a 11 20 n/a 30 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.4 Stages of the Procedure # 2 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 16 8,5 11 26 28 Kaliningrad oblast 5 4,0 6 20 0,0 Saint Petersburg 13 n/a 12 32 n/a Leningrad oblast From 6 to 7 2,0 From 3 to 5 From 9 to 12 0,0 Moscow 8 4,3 5 18 87,5 Moscow oblast 5 4,0 2 From 12 to 16 0,0 Sverdlovsk oblast 23 16,0 25 72 43,8 Novgorod oblast 5 n/a 3 From 18 to 22 n/a Tomsk oblast 5 n/a 6 14 n/a Khabarovsk Krai 21 12,0 12 22 41,7 Irkutsk oblast 21 10,0 15 21 52,6 Rostov oblast 25 n/a 20 44 n/a Perm oblast 30 n/a 17 32 n/a Novosibirsk oblast 16 11,3 8 18 21,5 Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 29 n/a 14 33 9,0 Sakhalin oblast 20 n/a 11 20 n/a 31 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.5 General indicators for completing Procedure #3A Average time, calendar days Average total costs, in rubles BIS ARCS BIS ARCS Kaliningrad oblast' 321 279 106 833 20 000 Saint-Petersburg n/a n/a n/a n/a Leningrad oblast' n/a insufficient data n/a insufficient data Moscow n/a n/a n/a n/a Moscow oblast' 357 208 insufficient data insufficient data Sverdlovsk oblast' 150 insufficient data 71 667 n/a Novgorod oblast' insufficient data 194 insufficient data 10 000 Tomsk oblast' 130 155 24 833 45 500 Khabarovsk Krai 268 300 124 000 86 875 Irkutsk oblast' 193 275 87 813 41 682 Rostov oblast' 78 49 60 389 15 250 Perm oblast' 189 375 49 167 68 750 Novosibirsk oblast' insufficient data insufficient data insufficient data insufficient data Nizhny Novgorod oblast' 269 165 121 686 18 250 Sakhalin oblast' insufficient data 199 insufficient data 72 000 32 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.6 Stages of the Procedure #3A Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 11 8,6 8 17 30,1 Kaliningrad oblast 11 10,1 7 15 41,7 Saint Petersburg 13 n/a 8 39 n/a Leningrad oblast From 11 up to 15 n/a From 7 up to 11 From 14 up to 30 n/a Moscow 11 n/a 6 14 n/a Moscow oblast 12 8,5 10 From 12 up to 14 87,5 Sverdlovsk oblast 10 n/a 9 18 36,7 Novgorod oblast 8 5,0 From 14 up to 15 From 23 up to 26 0,0 Tomsk oblast 8 6,6 6 10 16,7 Khabarovsk Krai 11 10,0 8 12 9,1 Irkutsk oblast 11 9,0 8 14 45,5 Rostov oblast 11 9,1 7 12 43,8 Perm oblast 11 9,7 10 14 0,0 Novosibirsk oblast 11 8,5 8 14 12,5 Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 11 10,4 8 12 42,3 Sakhalin oblast 12 8,0 7 18 25,0 33 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.7 Stages of the Procedure #3 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 11 8,6 8 17 26,9 Kaliningrad oblast 11 10,8 7 15 30,3 Saint Petersburg 13 10,0 8 39 37,5 Leningrad oblast From 11 up to 15 10,0 From 7 up to 11 From 14 up to 30 70,0 Moscow 11 6,4 6 14 43,8 Moscow oblast From 9 to 10 8,0 10 From 12 up to 14 33,3 Sverdlovsk oblast 10 n/a 9 18 0,0 Novgorod oblast 8 6,0 From 14 up to 15 From 23 up to 26 0,0 Tomsk oblast 8 8,0 6 10 0,0 Khabarovsk Krai 11 8,9 8 12 20,9 Irkutsk oblast 11 9,5 8 14 66,7 Rostov oblast 11 8,0 7 12 50,0 Perm oblast 11 11,3 10 14 0,0 Novosibirsk oblast 11 8,8 8 14 25,0 Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 11 7,5 8 12 25,8 Sakhalin oblast 12 9,0 7 18 0,0 34 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.8 Stages of the Procedure #4 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 6 4,8 5 10 39,7 Kaliningrad oblast 5 5,0 4 10 40,0 Saint Petersburg 5 3,3 7 15 100,0 Leningrad oblast From 9 to 12 n/a From 9 to 11 From 11 to 15 n/a Moscow 9 5,3 from 7 up to 8 16 52,0 Moscow oblast From 7 to 12 n/a From 5 to 10 from 7 up to 14 n/a Sverdlovsk oblast 5 4,5 3 13 45,0 Novgorod oblast 6 n/a From 4 up to 5 From 9 to 13 n/a Tomsk oblast 8 5,5 5 10 20,0 Khabarovsk Krai 5 4,4 4 12 26,4 Irkutsk oblast 5 4,6 3 6 46,9 Rostov oblast 5 4,9 3 5 37,5 Perm oblast 5 5,7 4 6 20,0 Novosibirsk oblast 5 4,3 3 8 20,0 Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 9 5,7 7 9 28,6 Sakhalin oblast 5 n/a 3 7 n/a 35 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.9 Stages of the Procedure #5 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 6 4,6 4 11 29,7 Kaliningrad oblast 5 5,0 2 9 0,0 Saint Petersburg 5 5,0 6 20 40,0 Leningrad oblast 5 n/a 3 from 10 up to 13 n/a Moscow 7 4,0 7 19 100,0 Moscow oblast 13 n/a 10 from 13 up to 15 n/a Sverdlovsk oblast 5 6,0 from 2 up to 3 10 40,0 Novgorod oblast 5 n/a 3 18 n/a Tomsk oblast 5 n/a 2 12 n/a Khabarovsk Krai 5 n/a 3 12 n/a Irkutsk oblast 5 4,2 2 5 36,7 Rostov oblast 5 4,6 2 10 46,7 Perm oblast 5 5,0 3 7 0,0 Novosibirsk oblast 5 5,0 3 10 0,0 Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 5 3,5 3 5 0,0 Sakhalin oblast 5 5,0 2 7 33,3 36 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.10 Stages of the Procedure #6 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 11 9,0 12 19 38,7 Kaliningrad oblast 10 7,8 11 20 38,9 Saint Petersburg 9 8,5 11 28 48,7 Leningrad oblast From 11 to 14 7,8 From 10 to 13 From 16 to 21 37,5 Moscow 8 7,1 from 10 up to 11 11 47,4 Moscow oblast 9 n/a 9 12 n/a Sverdlovsk oblast 18 10,5 20 25 44,4 Novgorod oblast From 7 to 9 8,5 from 11 up to 15 from 12 up to 29 22,2 Tomsk oblast 14 11,6 13 17 21,2 Khabarovsk Krai 12 9,9 11 23 40,2 Irkutsk oblast 12 9,0 14 30 27,4 Rostov oblast 13 9,8 14 19 70,3 Perm oblast 12 8,6 13 22 50,0 Novosibirsk oblast 11 7,9 11 16 33,1 Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 12 9,6 12 13 43,8 Sakhalin oblast 7 12,0 8 9 17,0 37 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.11 General indicators for completing Procedure #7A Average time, calendar days Average total costs, in rubles BIS ARCS BIS ARCS Kaliningrad oblast' 96 89 23 780 21417 Saint-Petersburg 128 insufficient data 140 000 n/a Leningrad oblast' 54 insufficient data 19 500 insufficient data Moscow 67 90 142 247 45438 Moscow oblast' 65 105 133 725 insufficient data Sverdlovsk oblast' 78 79 25 920 10638 Novgorod oblast' 49 88 5 750 12020 Tomsk oblast' 79 76 39 643 14500 Khabarovsk Krai 66 insufficient data 29 031 insufficient data Irkutsk oblast' 65 114 19 050 21923 Rostov oblast' 46 66 19 018 17667 Perm oblast' 74 51 35 864 28357 Novosibirsk oblast' 197 119 98 444 19050 Nizhny Novgorod oblast' 59 109 27 592 22375 Sakhalin oblast' 168 96 64 680 16938 38 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.12 Stages of the Procedure #7A Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 3 2,9 3 6 67,0 Kaliningrad oblast 3 2,9 3 5 60,0 Saint Petersburg 3 2,9 3 7 63,9 Leningrad oblast 3 2,8 3 6 66,7 Moscow 3 2,6 3 7 67,9 Moscow oblast 3 2,8 3 6 75,9 Sverdlovsk oblast 3 2,7 3 6 66,7 Novgorod oblast 3 2,8 3 from 5 up to 6 0,0 Tomsk oblast 3 3,0 3 6 44,4 Khabarovsk Krai 3 2,4 3 6 70,8 Irkutsk oblast 3 2,7 3 6 80,0 Rostov oblast 3 3,5 3 6 96,3 Perm oblast 3 3,1 3 6 72,2 Novosibirsk oblast 3 3,2 3 6 53,3 Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 3 3,2 3 5 87,5 Sakhalin oblast 3 3,0 3 6 100,0 39 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.13 General indicators for completing Procedure #7B Average time, calendar days Average total costs, in rubles BIS ARCS BIS ARCS Kaliningrad oblast' 132 95 21 000 8045 Saint-Petersburg insufficient data 43 insufficient data 12688 Leningrad oblast' n/a 20 n/a n/a Moscow 64 94 56 563 11583 Moscow oblast' 45 insufficient data 33 667 insufficient data Sverdlovsk oblast' 88 63 insufficient data insufficient data Novgorod oblast' insufficient data 108 insufficient data 2000 Tomsk oblast' insufficient data 59 insufficient data 20100 Khabarovsk Krai 59 insufficient data 18 334 insufficient data Irkutsk oblast' insufficient data 100 insufficient data 32200 Rostov oblast' n/a insufficient data n/a insufficient data Perm oblast' 84 28 21 500 19600 Novosibirsk oblast' 120 55 28 000 13182 Nizhny Novgorod oblast' 158 51 25 300 4700 Sakhalin oblast' n/a 280 n/a 22500 40 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.14 Stages of the Procedure #7 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 3 2,6 3 6 39,2 Kaliningrad oblast 3 3,3 3 5 55,6 Saint Petersburg 3 2,0 3 7 50,0 Leningrad oblast 3 n/a 3 6 n/a Moscow 3 2,4 3 7 76,2 Moscow oblast 3 3,0 3 6 72,2 Sverdlovsk oblast 3 3,0 3 6 33,3 Novgorod oblast 3 3,0 3 from 5 up to 6 0,0 Tomsk oblast 3 2,0 3 6 0,0 Khabarovsk Krai 3 2,9 3 6 75,0 Irkutsk oblast 3 2,0 3 6 0,0 Rostov oblast 3 n/a 3 6 n/a Perm oblast 3 2,8 3 6 0,0 Novosibirsk oblast 3 2,6 3 6 41,7 Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 3 2,7 3 5 66,7 Sakhalin oblast 3 n/a 3 6 n/a 41 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.15 Stages of the Procedure #8 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 9 6,7 6 9 51,7 Kaliningrad oblast 8 7,0 8 8 57,1 Saint Petersburg 8 n/a 5 9 n/a Leningrad oblast From 9 to 11 4,0 From 9 to 10 From 10 to 13 50,0 Moscow 8 n/a 7 8 n/a Moscow oblast 8 6,7 5 8 71,3 Sverdlovsk oblast 13 n/a 10 16 n/a Novgorod oblast 8 n/a 6 9 n/a Tomsk oblast 9 n/a 7 9 n/a Khabarovsk Krai 8 n/a 5 8 12,5 Irkutsk oblast 8 6,8 5 8 55,4 Rostov oblast 8 6,8 5 8 64,5 Perm oblast 8 6,8 5 8 48,4 Novosibirsk oblast 8 n/a 5 8 n/a Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 8 9,0 5 8 56,3 Sakhalin oblast 8 n/a 5 8 50,0 42 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.16 Stages of the Procedure # 9_13 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 6 5,5 3 12 33,5 Kaliningrad oblast 6 n/a 2 12 n/a Saint Petersburg 6 3,0 2 11 33,3 Leningrad oblast 6 n/a 2 from 10 to 12 n/a Moscow 8 8,0 7 14 62,5 Moscow oblast 6 n/a 2 11 n/a Sverdlovsk oblast 9 n/a 7 14 n/a Novgorod oblast 6 n/a 4 from 10 to 11 n/a Tomsk oblast 6 5,0 2 20 0,0 Khabarovsk Krai 6 4,0 3 11 50,0 Irkutsk oblast 6 6,0 3 16 50,0 Rostov oblast 6 5,5 3 11 38,9 Perm oblast 6 6,0 2 9 0,0 Novosibirsk oblast 6 n/a 2 10 n/a Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 6 n/a 2 10 n/a Sakhalin oblast 6 n/a 4 13 n/a 31st method. Sale of municipal property at an auction including sale of JSC on a specialized auction 43 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.17 Stages of the Procedure # 9_24 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 6 5,3 3 12 33,2 Kaliningrad oblast 6 n/a 2 12 n/a Saint Petersburg 6 n/a 2 11 n/a Leningrad oblast 6 n/a 2 from 10 to 12 n/a Moscow 6 5,0 5 9 20,0 Moscow oblast 6 n/a 2 11 n/a Sverdlovsk oblast 6 6,0 4 14 33,3 Novgorod oblast 6 n/a 4 10 n/a Tomsk oblast 6 4,0 2 20 0,0 Khabarovsk Krai 6 n/a 3 11 n/a Irkutsk oblast 6 6,0 3 16 29,2 Rostov oblast 6 4,5 3 10 50,0 Perm oblast 6 n/a 2 9 n/a Novosibirsk oblast 6 n/a 2 10 n/a Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 6 6,0 2 10 66,7 Sakhalin oblast 6 n/a 4 9 n/a 42nd method. Sale of municipal property on a tender 44 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.18 Stages of the Procedure # 9_35 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 4 4,4 2 4 37,5 Kaliningrad oblast 4 3,0 2 4 0,0 Saint Petersburg 4 n/a 2 4 n/a Leningrad oblast 4 4,0 2 4 50,0 Moscow 4 4,0 2 4 75,0 Moscow oblast 4 n/a 2 4 n/a Sverdlovsk oblast 4 5,0 2 4 50,0 Novgorod oblast 4 n/a 2 4 n/a Tomsk oblast 4 n/a 2 4 n/a Khabarovsk Krai 4 n/a 2 4 n/a Irkutsk oblast 4 4,0 2 4 0,0 Rostov oblast 4 5,0 2 4 100,0 Perm oblast 4 6,0 2 4 0,0 Novosibirsk oblast 4 n/a 2 4 n/a Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 4 4,0 2 4 25,0 Sakhalin oblast 4 n/a 2 4 n/a 53d method. Sale of municipal property is performed by public offer if an auction is considered to be ineffective 45 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.19 Stages of the Procedure # 9_46 Number of stages Average number of Number of Institutions Number of Average share of stages requiring template stages BIS involved documents unofficial payments Total 5 4,1 2 5 36,7 Kaliningrad oblast 5 n/a 2 5 n/a Saint Petersburg 5 n/a 2 5 n/a Leningrad oblast 5 n/a 2 5 n/a Moscow 5 n/a 2 5 n/a Moscow oblast 5 n/a 2 5 n/a Sverdlovsk oblast 5 2,5 2 5 50,0 Novgorod oblast 5 n/a 2 5 n/a Tomsk oblast 5 4,3 2 5 0,0 Khabarovsk Krai 5 n/a 2 5 n/a Irkutsk oblast 5 n/a 2 5 n/a Rostov oblast 5 5,5 2 5 100,0 Perm oblast 5 5,0 2 5 0,0 Novosibirsk oblast 5 n/a 2 5 n/a Nizhniy Novgorod oblast 5 3,0 2 5 33,3 Sakhalin oblast 5 n/a 2 5 n/a 64th method. Sale of municipal property is performed without announcing a price if a sale by public offer is considered to be ineffective 46 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.20 Taking participation in tender while carrying out the procedure, %. Estimation of tender, BIS Scale: 1- Agree, 2 More agree than disagree, 3 ­ More agree than disagree, 4 ­Disagree Tender documents Time allowed for Documents for Documents for % were easily Tender documents property evaluation tendered property tendered propertyTender was fair and accessible were clear was sufficient were accessible were clear open Kaliningrad Oblast' 8 1,8 1,6 2,0 1,4 1,6 1,8 Saint-Petersburg 4 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 3,0 Leningrad Oblast' 4 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 Moscow 9 2,1 1,6 1,5 2,0 1,4 2,8 Moscow Oblast' 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Sverdlovsk Oblast' 6 3,0 2,5 2,0 3,0 2,5 3,5 Novgorod Oblast' 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Tomsk Oblast' 6 1,5 1,5 3,0 2,0 2,5 1,5 Khabarovsk Krai 1 2,0 2,0 1,0 4,0 4,0 3,0 Irkutsk Oblast' 2 2,0 1,5 2,5 1,5 1,5 2,0 Rostov Oblast' 8 2,6 2,3 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,7 Perm Oblast' 4 2,0 2,0 1,7 2,0 2,0 3,0 Novosibirsk Oblast' 2 3,0 3,0 2,0 3,0 2,0 3,0 Nizhny Novgorod Oblast' 7 1,6 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,8 Sakhalin Oblast' 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 47 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.21 Taking participation in tender while carrying out the procedure, %. Estimation of tender, ARCS Scale: 1- Agree, 2 More agree than disagree, 3 ­ More agree than disagree, 4 ­Disagree Tender documents Time allowed for Documents for Documents for % were easily Tender documents property evaluation tendered property tendered propertyTender was fair and accessible were clear was sufficient were accessible were clear open Kaliningrad Oblast' 9 1,6 1,4 1,1 1,4 1,0 1,6 Saint-Petersburg 9 2,3 2,3 2,0 1,7 1,8 2,3 Leningrad Oblast' 24 1,4 1,7 1,9 1,9 2,0 1,5 Moscow 12 1,4 1,3 2,3 1,9 1,6 1,7 Moscow Oblast' 14 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,5 1,0 2,0 Sverdlovsk Oblast' 2 1,5 3,5 3,0 3,0 3,5 3,5 Novgorod Oblast' 1 1,0 1,0 1,0 3,0 1,0 4,0 Tomsk Oblast' 3 1,7 1,7 2,3 2,0 2,0 3,0 Khabarovsk Krai 7 1,8 1,2 2,0 1,6 1,6 2,0 Irkutsk Oblast' 9 1,9 2,0 1,7 2,1 2,1 2,8 Rostov Oblast' 4 1,8 2,0 2,8 1,3 1,8 1,3 Perm Oblast' 11 1,8 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,5 1,9 Novosibirsk Oblast' 4 1,5 2,3 2,3 1,5 1,5 3,3 Nizhny Novgorod Oblast' 6 2,0 1,6 1,8 1,8 1,6 1,8 Sakhalin Oblast' 3 1,0 1,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 48 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 7.22 Dealing with questions of boundaries settlement, % of Table 7.23 Dealing with questions of boundaries settlement, % of BIS. Frequency of recommendation by government officers ARCS. Frequency of recommendation by government officers specific "affiliated" survey companies, % specific "affiliated" survey companies, % Kaliningrad Oblast' 55 29 Kaliningrad Oblast' 76 30 Saint-Petersburg 52 48 Saint-Petersburg 19 25 Leningrad Oblast' 50 50 Leningrad Oblast' 55 25 Moscow 37 75 Moscow 47 63 Moscow Oblast' 74 60 Moscow Oblast' 78 57 Sverdlovsk Oblast' 43 53 Sverdlovsk Oblast' 27 19 Novgorod Oblast' 67 39 Novgorod Oblast' 65 25 Tomsk Oblast' 39 59 Tomsk Oblast' 42 62 Khabarovsk Krai 45 67 Khabarovsk Krai 71 32 Irkutsk Oblast' 25 36 Irkutsk Oblast' 60 38 Rostov Oblast' 40 35 Rostov Oblast' 43 47 Perm Oblast' 65 50 Perm Oblast' 63 40 Novosibirsk Oblast' 70 62 Novosibirsk Oblast' 36 64 Nizhny Novgorod Oblast' 46 48 Nizhny Novgorod Oblast' 56 39 Sakhalin Oblast' 79 49 Sakhalin Oblast' 69 60 49 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report 8. AGENCY BY AGENCY ANALYSIS Table 8.1 Criteria for selection of government agencies for the analysis Number of respondents, that Number of contacted with the agencies Number of documents, that regions while carrying out the included contact whit the procedure Agency Region Administration 11 91 119 Municipal Administration 13 501 1374 District Administration 8 189 334 Architectural and design organization 8 54 67 Technical Inventory Bureau (BTI) 13 452 602 Traffic Police (GIBDD) 8 64 75 Mayor 12 201 370 Land management organization (land-surveyors) 11 219 414 Commission on Land planning and development 7 42 63 Tender Committee 7 44 81 Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning 15 358 909 Municipal Committee for Land Resources and Land Development 14 439 995 Committee for Environmental Conservation 7 65 79 Committee for Property Management 12 209 433 The Extradepartmental Committee 10 127 153 State environmental expert review agency 8 100 126 Inspectorate for protection and use of cultural heritage 13 102 120 Sanitary & Epidemiological Station (SES) 15 293 392 Taxation bodies 7 33 36 State Fire Department of Ministry of Emergency Situation of the region 15 268 334 Department of Justice 14 755 996 Cadastral Chamber 13 410 653 50 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Part 8.2 Calculation of coefficient "I" Formula for the coefficient calculation for single agency was the following: n ij I = j=1 N + q30 + q33 + q34 + q37 n n = zj i=q27 j=1 5 Where: Coefficient qi may have values «0» or «1» depending on whether the particular authority was named in the question i. Coefficient z may have values «0» or «1» depending on whether the respondent was interacting with this authority while carrying out the particular procedure. Part 8.3 Calculation of coefficient "B" Formula for the coefficient calculation for single agency was the following: n ij I = j=1 N + q30 + q33 + q34 + q37 n n = zj i=q27 j=1 5 Coefficient z - may have values «0» or «1» depending on whether the respondent was interacting with this authority while carrying out the particular procedure Coefficient m - corresponds to the number of cases when unofficial payments were used Coefficient M corresponds to the number of interactions with the authority 51 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 8.4 Coefficient of negative phenomena for Agency latoT rgninilaK da tsalbo -tniaS bsreteP gru argnineL tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo ks tsalbo d M M tsalbo voldrevS ks tsalbo orogvoN d moT tsalbo orabahK iarKksv kstukrI tsalbo votsoR tsalbo mreP tsalbo ibisovoN ksr tsalbo ynhziN orogvoN d nilahkaS tsalbo Region Administration 0,10 0,00 0,05 0,08 0,00 0,30 0,20 0,00 0,03 0,27 0,02 0,17 Municipal Administration 0,20 0,18 0,00 0,21 0,12 0,33 0,07 0,18 0,15 0,18 0,23 0,19 0,39 0,00 District Administration 0,10 0,00 0,15 0,04 0,06 0,05 0,16 0,08 0,16 Architectural and design organization 0,02 0,02 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,12 0,00 Technical Inventory Bureau (BTI) 0,12 0,05 0,18 0,18 0,16 0,08 0,14 0,12 0,13 0,11 0,14 0,14 0,10 0,13 Traffic Police (GIBDD) 0,05 0,05 0,13 0,05 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,00 0,00 Mayor 0,06 0,09 0,05 0,11 0,02 0,00 0,03 0,06 0,16 0,05 0,04 0,05 Land management organization (land-surveyors) 0,04 0,03 0,03 0,00 0,05 0,03 0,05 0,06 0,08 0,01 0,03 0,10 Commission on Land planning and development 0,04 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,04 0,07 0,00 0,05 Tender Committee 0,09 0,16 0,11 0,00 0,00 0,02 0,00 Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning 0,12 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,16 0,12 0,16 0,03 0,26 0,11 0,02 0,15 0,00 0,09 0,26 Municipal Committee for Land Resources and Land Development 0,15 0,11 0,13 0,10 0,22 0,19 0,07 0,05 0,17 0,02 0,11 0,08 0,26 0,10 0,00 Committee for Environmental Conservation 0,04 0,20 0,10 0,04 0,03 0,02 0,00 0,05 Committee for Property Management 0,13 0,05 0,18 0,00 0,20 0,10 0,09 0,04 0,09 0,26 0,14 0,04 0,08 The Extradepartmental Committee 0,17 0,20 0,34 0,18 0,04 0,00 0,20 0,04 0,10 0,20 0,12 State environmental expert review agency 0,02 0,00 0,07 0,00 0,03 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,03 Inspectorate for protection and use of cultural heritage 0,05 0,00 0,18 0,00 0,12 0,11 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,02 0,00 0,00 0,02 Sanitary & Epidemiological Station (SES) 0,07 0,04 0,09 0,11 0,12 0,14 0,09 0,10 0,08 0,03 0,11 0,05 0,03 0,05 0,05 0,08 Taxation bodies 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,10 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,10 State Fire Department of Ministry of Emergency Situation of the region 0,08 0,03 0,14 0,12 0,08 0,04 0,03 0,00 0,12 0,03 0,14 0,03 0,04 0,11 0,11 0,00 Department of Justice 0,10 0,10 0,15 0,08 0,14 0,07 0,13 0,08 0,10 0,11 0,14 0,05 0,14 0,14 0,00 Cadastral Chamber 0,09 0,09 0,13 0,17 0,11 0,14 0,08 0,06 0,09 0,10 0,04 0,08 0,09 0,12 Regional total 0,09 0,07 0,12 0,11 0,10 0,10 0,08 0,10 0,06 0,08 0,09 0,06 0,08 0,06 0,11 0,06 52 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 8.5 Coefficient of corruption level for Agency latoT rgninilaK tsalbo da -tniaS ubsreteP gr argnineL tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo ks tsalbo d M M tsalbo voldrevS ks orogvoN d moT tsalbo orabahK iarKksv kstukrI tsalbo votsoR tsalbo mreP tsalbo ribisovoN tsalboks ynhziN orogvoN d nilahkaS tsalbo Region Administration 0,35 0,40 0,38 0,00 0,33 0,25 0,80 0,33 0,25 0,00 Municipal Administration 0,19 0,18 0,00 0,26 0,17 0,00 0,00 0,23 0,34 0,39 0,17 0,07 0,23 0,00 District Administration 0,29 0,00 1,00 0,00 0,23 0,60 0,20 0,00 0,23 Architectural and design organization 0,18 0,25 0,25 1,00 0,14 0,00 0,00 0,33 0,00 Technical Inventory Bureau (BTI) 0,28 0,27 0,40 0,13 0,38 0,40 0,25 0,00 0,24 0,13 0,46 0,69 0,13 0,00 Traffic Police (GIBDD) 0,43 0,47 0,75 0,30 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,13 Mayor 0,21 0,42 0,00 0,67 0,56 0,04 0,00 0,22 0,30 0,11 0,21 0,00 Land management organization (land-surveyors) 0,27 0,17 0,67 0,00 0,00 0,08 0,21 0,70 0,00 0,17 0,12 0,00 Commission on Land planning and development 0,27 0,38 0,00 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,20 Tender Committee 0,32 0,13 0,69 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,04 0,00 Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning 0,22 0,15 0,42 0,24 0,30 0,29 0,45 0,00 0,07 0,13 0,47 0,67 0,10 0,09 0,26 0,21 Municipal Committee for Land Resources and Land Development 0,27 0,23 0,67 0,00 0,31 0,54 0,33 0,00 0,09 0,18 0,29 0,69 0,09 0,28 0,00 Committee for Environmental Conservation 0,38 0,33 0,00 0,75 0,17 0,60 0,30 Committee for Property Management 0,21 0,11 0,28 0,00 1,00 0,13 0,23 0,00 0,00 0,33 0,33 0,00 0,00 The Extradepartmental Committee 0,31 0,00 0,50 0,34 0,33 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,67 State environmental expert review agency 0,38 0,00 0,73 0,31 0,00 0,80 0,09 0,16 0,25 Inspectorate for protection and use of cultural heritage 0,24 0,38 0,13 0,00 0,00 0,08 0,33 0,45 0,31 0,33 0,40 0,09 Sanitary & Epidemiological Station (SES) 0,41 0,50 0,57 0,38 0,45 0,50 0,31 0,00 0,56 0,45 0,48 0,75 0,18 0,18 0,27 0,80 Taxation bodies 0,37 0,00 0,71 0,00 0,50 0,00 0,00 0,00 State Fire Department of Ministry of Emergency Situation of the region 0,44 0,50 0,83 0,50 0,39 0,50 0,43 0,61 0,41 0,66 0,63 0,25 0,28 0,31 0,17 Department of Justice 0,17 0,19 0,05 0,50 0,48 0,24 0,00 0,09 0,06 0,15 0,53 0,06 0,07 0,15 0,38 Cadastral Chamber 0,26 0,29 0,00 0,62 0,34 0,00 0,08 0,08 0,25 0,61 0,00 0,14 0,34 0,33 Regional total 0,29 0,23 0,49 0,22 0,35 0,41 0,33 0,00 0,17 0,20 0,33 0,56 0,13 0,14 0,22 0,14 53 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 8.6 Coefficient of average frequency of unofficial payments usage latoT tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo ks tsalbo % rgninilaK da tsalbo -tniaS bsreteP gru argnineL d M M tsalbo voldrevS ks tsalbo orogvoN d moT tsalbo orabahK iarKksv kstukrI tsalbo votsoR tsalbo mreP tsalbo ibisovoN ksr tsalbo ynhziN orogvoN d nilahkaS tsalbo Region Administration 42 100 100 32 30 18 78 51 21 0 Municipal Administration 20 16 37 26 14 21 27 46 19 6 23 7 District Administration 28 0 100 0 32 54 16 9 21 Architectural and design organization 28 42 15 100 3 22 45 50 Technical Inventory Bureau (BTI) 31 21 13 23 56 79 13 0 59 17 46 49 8 34 Traffic Police (GIBDD) 47 87 58 10 75 50 50 37 Mayor 33 54 75 52 32 44 22 41 6 24 0 Land management organization (land-surveyors) 25 26 90 0 4 32 51 4 19 13 0 Commission on Land planning and development 23 54 35 6 Tender Committee 44 89 100 0 6 50 Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning 20 48 33 26 42 100 23 10 55 13 44 59 7 17 18 21 Municipal Committee for Land Resources and Land Development 27 8 47 15 48 78 26 0 55 9 36 45 7 16 3 Committee for Environmental Conservation 43 60 42 44 35 Committee for Property Management 25 21 30 42 80 100 20 0 22 29 8 0 The Extradepartmental Committee 42 46 41 100 3 20 21 93 State environmental expert review agency 36 58 33 50 54 11 34 17 Inspectorate for protection and use of cultural heritage 33 60 40 1 0 23 62 38 7 50 8 Sanitary & Epidemiological Station (SES) 40 38 68 28 73 67 35 0 76 33 47 59 16 22 19 61 Taxation bodies 21 50 50 20 26 1 0 0 State Fire Department of Ministry of Emergency Situation of the region 43 55 55 35 48 75 26 81 34 68 64 29 27 19 34 Department of Justice 17 16 17 80 48 14 0 53 7 25 51 4 12 8 5 Cadastral Chamber 26 28 72 38 90 5 36 41 8 13 13 18 Regional total 32 30 56 32 68 69 26 5 61 25 40 50 15 17 19 23 54 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report 9. INSPECTIONS Table 9.1 Share of inspected companies in 2004, % (ARCS survey data) Entrepreneur Total without forming a Limited liability Open joint stock Closed joint Non-profit organization, legal entity company company stock company non-profit fund Tax inspection 63 66 62 66 63 38 Land inspection 14 9 14 24 19 13 Oversight Committee for Architecture and Construction (GASN) 16 8 17 21 22 25 Fire inspection 68 66 68 74 70 75 Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (SES) 48 51 45 50 53 44 Police (militia) 24 28 23 27 19 13 Environmental monitoring service 20 10 20 37 30 19 Administrative and technical inspection 21 16 21 27 27 31 Trade inspection 25 38 23 13 17 13 Centre of standartization and metrology 13 10 13 15 16 6 Licensing agencies 19 15 18 23 26 25 Average number of inspections 3,33 3,19 3,25 3,77 3,62 3,00 55 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Entrepreneur Total without forming a Limited liability Open joint stock Closed joint Non-profit organization, legal entity company company stock company non-profit fund Tax inspection n=730 n=197 n=371 n=54 n=90 n=6 Land inspection n=161 n=27 n=82 n=20 n=27 n=2 Oversight Committee for Architecture and Construction (GASN) n=182 n=23 n=101 n=17 n=31 n=4 Fire inspection n=793 n=196 n=411 n=61 n=101 n=12 Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (SES) n=559 n=152 n=273 n=41 n=76 n=7 Police (militia) n=282 n=84 n=140 n=22 n=28 n=2 Environmental monitoring service n=237 n=30 n=123 n=30 n=43 n=3 Administrative and technical inspection n=247 n=49 n=125 n=22 n=39 n=5 Trade inspection n=294 n=113 n=139 n=11 n=25 n=2 Centre of standartization and metrology n=152 n=30 n=81 n=12 n=23 n=1 Licensing agencies n=219 n=45 n=109 n=19 n=38 n=4 56 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 9.2 Average number of inspections per year (ARCS survey data) Entrepreneur Total without forming a Limited liability Open joint stock Closed joint stock Non-profit organization, legal entity company company company non-profit fund Tax inspection 1,7 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,7 1,2 Land inspection 1,4 1,1 1,2 2,3 1,6 1,0 Oversight Committee for Architecture and Construction (GASN) 2,1 2,3 2,3 1,9 1,3 1,5 Fire inspection 1,7 1,5 1,7 2,1 2,0 1,8 Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (SES) 2,0 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,4 2,0 Police (militia) 2,7 2,3 2,9 3,5 2,8 2,0 Environmental monitoring service 1,9 1,1 1,5 2,3 3,0 3,0 Administrative and technical inspection 2,5 2,7 2,3 3,3 2,2 4,7 Trade inspection 1,8 1,5 1,8 2,7 2,5 1,0 Centre of standartization and metrology 1,9 1,6 1,5 3,1 3,2 . Licensing agencies 1,3 1,2 1,2 2,1 1,5 1,7 Mean 1,9 1,7 1,8 2,5 2,2 2,0 57 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 9.3 Was this inspection a problem for company, % share of inspected companies (ARCS survey data) Entrepreneur Total without forming a Limited liability Open joint stock Closed joint stock Non-profit organization, legal entity company company company non-profit fund Tax inspection 20 18 19 24 22 17 Land inspection 20 19 16 30 33 0 Oversight Committee for Architecture and Construction (GASN) 27 43 21 29 35 0 Fire inspection 23 22 24 20 27 0 Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (SES) 21 24 20 10 28 14 Police (militia) 27 31 25 9 46 0 Environmental monitoring service 26 33 23 30 30 0 Administrative and technical inspection 21 20 18 36 26 0 Trade inspection 20 21 18 9 32 0 Centre of standartization and metrology 9 20 5 17 4 0 Licensing agencies 16 18 15 16 21 0 Average number of inspections per one company 2,29 2,70 2,03 2,30 3,05 0,31 58 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 9.4 The most problematic inspection, % share of inspected companies (ARCS survey data) Entrepreneur Total without forming a Limited liability Open joint stock Closed joint stock Non-profit organization, legal entity company company company non-profit fund Tax inspection 12 11 13 13 12 17 Land inspection 7 11 6 10 7 0 Oversight Committee for Architecture and Construction (GASN) 12 22 11 6 10 0 Fire inspection 13 14 14 13 13 0 Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (SES) 11 17 11 0 11 0 Police (militia) 15 19 14 9 18 0 Environmental Monitoring Service 11 7 10 17 14 0 Administrative and technical inspection 8 4 10 14 8 0 Trade inspection 7 9 6 0 8 0 Centre of standartization and metrology 1 0 0 8 0 0 Licensing agencies 8 9 8 5 8 0 59 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 9.5 Share of inspected companies, % (ARCS survey data) tsalbo tsalbo iarK latoT dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Tax inspection 63 68 65 63 54 72 52 77 72 51 63 85 67 46 63 40 Land inspection 14 28 0 11 21 39 10 19 8 9 15 11 11 13 14 10 Oversight Committee for Architecture and Construction (GASN) 16 26 5 19 12 39 16 21 10 20 18 5 17 12 13 19 Fire inspection 68 71 77 85 75 83 71 71 74 39 71 58 59 76 88 46 Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (SES) 48 52 53 85 65 67 60 53 40 21 44 35 43 54 48 49 Police (militia) 24 44 37 22 51 67 25 30 10 10 28 14 24 19 16 10 Environmental monitoring service 20 28 5 15 42 56 12 27 10 29 13 13 10 30 26 16 Administrative and technical inspection 21 32 7 26 46 67 19 22 7 9 16 16 17 26 30 18 Trade inspection 25 34 28 30 25 6 36 25 15 17 31 30 21 30 17 22 Centre of standartization and metrology 13 18 0 0 7 11 14 29 6 11 18 3 11 19 13 15 Licensing agencies 19 30 7 22 21 44 17 23 15 19 24 9 21 11 21 15 Regional total 30 39 26 34 38 50 30 36 24 21 31 25 27 31 32 24 60 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 9.6 Average number of inspections (ARCS survey data) latoT dargninilaK tsalbo tsalbo tsalbo tsalbo -tniaS sretePgrub dargnineLtsalbo wocso wocso tsalboks tsalbo M M ksvoldrevStsalbo dorogvoNtsalbo moT ksvorabahKiarK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP ksribisovoNtsalbo ynhziN dorogvoNtsalbo nilahkaS Tax inspection 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,6 1,3 1,8 1,7 2,3 1,2 1,9 1,6 1,7 1,9 2,0 1,3 1,7 Land inspection 1,4 1,1 n/a 1,3 2,1 1,6 1,5 1,1 1,5 1,0 1,8 1,0 1,0 1,1 2,2 1,1 Oversight Committee for Architecture and Construction (GASN) 2,1 1,7 1,0 1,0 1,3 5,9 1,5 1,7 2,8 1,1 2,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 3,9 3,6 Fire inspection 1,7 1,5 1,7 1,2 2,8 1,7 1,6 1,3 1,3 2,0 2,1 1,5 1,8 1,4 2,1 1,7 Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (SES) 2,0 2,0 2,7 1,1 2,1 1,6 2,3 2,5 1,2 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,1 1,5 2,4 2,2 Police (militia) 2,7 3,3 1,8 1,3 3,7 6,4 2,8 2,2 2,8 2,3 2,6 1,8 3,0 1,5 1,5 3,3 Environmental monitoring service 1,9 1,6 4,2 1,0 2,3 2,9 2,6 2,3 1,1 1,5 2,1 1,6 1,3 1,2 2,2 1,6 Administrative and technical inspection 2,5 1,4 1,3 6,0 3,2 4,6 3,3 2,2 2,7 1,4 3,2 1,2 2,4 1,1 3,8 1,7 Trade inspection 1,8 1,7 1,2 2,1 2,6 3,0 1,6 2,8 1,0 1,3 2,4 1,2 2,7 1,3 1,6 1,1 Centre of standartization and metrology 1,9 1,6 n/a n/a 1,5 2,0 1,4 2,6 1,0 1,1 2,4 1,0 1,1 1,4 3,2 1,3 Licensing agencies 1,3 1,3 1,0 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,1 1,7 1,1 1,4 1,7 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,8 1,3 Regional total 1,9 1,7 1,9 1,8 2,2 3,0 1,9 2,1 1,6 1,5 2,2 1,4 1,8 1,4 2,4 1,9 61 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 9.7 Was this inspection a problem for company, % share of inspected companies (ARCS survey data) latot tsalbo tsalbo iarK wocso wocso % dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK tsalbo dorogvoN tsalbo kstukrI tsalbovotsoR tsalbo mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Tax inspection 20 21 18 6 19 23 12 12 28 22 38 15 12 28 18 11 Land inspection 20 25 n/a 0 50 29 13 11 25 0 27 0 9 54 7 0 Oversight Committee for Architecture and Construction (GASN) 27 23 0 0 29 43 38 15 20 36 39 0 24 50 15 31 Fire inspection 23 13 27 13 16 20 27 7 36 26 35 12 29 39 17 10 Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (SES) 21 23 17 35 16 17 14 12 20 13 27 40 21 35 13 12 Police (militia) 27 48 19 17 17 33 19 14 20 0 39 7 33 26 25 43 Environmental monitoring service 26 25 0 25 29 40 30 12 50 30 15 23 0 37 23 27 Administrative and technical inspection 21 6 0 43 23 42 13 14 14 33 25 6 12 31 37 8 Trade inspection 20 38 25 13 21 0 17 17 13 17 13 20 29 10 12 27 Centre of standartization and metrology 9 11 n/a n/a 0 0 17 0 0 13 0 0 0 11 23 30 Licensing agencies 16 27 0 17 25 13 14 5 20 23 0 0 19 27 29 10 Average number of problem inspections 2,29 2,59 1,06 1,67 2,46 2,59 2,13 1,18 2,46 2,13 2,59 1,24 1,88 3,48 2,18 2,09 62 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 9.8 The inspection, which check was the most serious problem for company, % (ARCS survey data) tsalbo tsalbo iarK wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN tsalbo % latot dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Tax inspection 12 9 7 6 10 8 9 8 23 17 37 6 9 11 5 7 Land inspection 7 14 n/a 0 25 0 0 0 13 0 7 0 9 15 0 0 Oversight Committee for Architecture and Construction (GASN) 12 15 0 0 0 14 23 5 20 29 0 0 12 17 8 15 Fire inspection 13 4 9 4 7 7 12 3 30 22 23 10 16 20 13 6 Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (SES) 11 12 4 30 0 0 8 8 13 7 16 34 12 17 2 6 Police (militia) 15 36 6 17 3 17 14 3 10 0 25 7 21 11 0 29 Environmental Monitoring Service 11 14 0 0 29 20 20 0 20 10 8 0 0 13 0 9 Administrative and technical inspection 8 6 0 0 12 8 6 10 14 0 6 6 6 8 17 0 Trade inspection 7 18 8 0 0 0 10 8 7 8 3 3 5 3 6 13 Centre of standartization and metrology 1 0 n/a n/a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 Licensing agencies 8 13 0 17 8 13 7 0 7 8 0 0 10 0 24 10 63 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report 10. PROBLEMS, ATTITUDE OF AUTHORITIES Table 10.1 Other obstacles to business, % (ARCS survey data) Entrepreneur Open joint Closed joint Non-profit Total without forming a Limited liability stock stock organization, legal entity company company company non-profit fund Judicial processes 25 12 25 56 38 18 Measures of the local authorities interrupting competition 18 15 19 21 19 12 Corruption 33 29 33 33 43 6 Tax rates 44 43 44 47 44 35 Access to financing sources (problem related to raising credits, loans) 43 40 45 43 43 24 Interest rate for raised funds 27 21 26 42 33 18 Qualification of employees involved in business 45 44 43 53 55 35 Procedures related to foreign economic activity 13 4 16 18 21 6 Labor regulation procedures (employment, dismissal, labor protection etc.) 49 42 49 58 59 41 Currency regulation 7 1 8 13 13 12 Access to transport infrastructure (motorways, railways etc.) 26 13 27 40 40 0 Average number of problems 3,29 2,64 3,34 4,24 4,07 2,06 64 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 10.2 Estimation of the degree of the problem, (ARCS survey data) Scale: 1 - Minimal problem, 2- Moderate problem, 3 - Big problem, 4 - Very big problem Entrepreneur Open joint Closed joint Non-profit total without forming a Limited liability stock stock organization, legal entity company company company non-profit fund Judicial processes 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,3 2,5 3,0 Measures of the local authorities interrupting competition 2,6 2,8 2,6 2,5 3,0 1,5 Corruption 2,7 3,0 2,6 2,7 2,7 1,0 Tax rates 2,3 2,4 2,3 2,3 2,6 1,0 Access to financing sources (problem related to raising credits, loans) 2,5 2,4 2,6 2,3 2,4 2,7 Interest rate for raised funds 2,5 2,6 2,5 2,8 2,4 2,0 Qualification of employees involved in business 2,3 2,6 2,3 1,7 1,9 2,3 Procedures related to foreign economic activity 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,2 1,0 Labor regulation procedures (employment, dismissal, labor protection etc.) 2,1 2,3 2,1 1,7 1,8 2,0 Currency regulation 2,0 1,3 1,9 1,7 2,8 . Access to transport infrastructure (motorways, railways etc.) 2,3 2,6 2,3 1,8 2,0 . 65 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 10.3 The most serious obstacle for the Company, (ARCS survey data) Entrepreneur Open joint Closed joint Non-profit total without forming a Limited liability stock stock organization, % legal entity company company company non-profit fund Judicial processes 22 22 23 20 24 67 Measures of the local authorities interrupting competition 27 41 27 20 12 0 Corruption 40 43 42 33 34 0 Tax rates 22 24 21 15 28 17 Access to financing sources 32 39 31 23 23 50 Interest rate 11 9 13 13 5 33 Qualification of employees 20 28 21 13 7 17 Procedures related to foreign economic.. 14 10 16 8 14 0 Labor regulation procedures 4 7 3 5 1 0 Currency regulation 4 25 2 0 6 0 Access to transport infrastructure 11 6 14 3 13 n/a 66 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 10.4 Other obstacles to business, % (ARCS survey data) tsalbo tsalbo iarK latoT dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Judicial processes 25 22 18 4 48 65 6 18 9 36 34 10 44 19 41 40 Measures of the local authorities interrupting competition 18 24 3 20 18 18 16 12 11 22 30 11 12 32 18 14 Corruption 33 43 41 28 41 29 21 15 18 41 63 24 22 46 29 30 Tax rates 44 37 41 48 32 53 28 62 40 64 61 23 25 45 68 40 Access to financing sources (problem related to raising credits, loans) 43 47 21 40 46 65 26 43 55 43 51 27 44 48 48 39 Interest rate for raised funds 27 22 8 8 23 53 11 33 23 45 38 9 27 29 41 33 Qualification of employees involved in business 45 42 38 52 57 71 60 58 12 64 45 40 41 26 69 37 Procedures related to foreign economic activity 13 24 3 16 23 29 4 12 2 19 11 8 9 29 9 12 Labor regulation procedures (employment, dismissal, labor protection etc.) 49 48 26 40 43 65 60 51 15 62 48 49 44 61 67 54 Currency regulation 7 9 5 4 14 12 0 10 1 9 9 6 7 5 6 12 Access to transport infrastructure (motorways, railways etc.) 26 30 8 12 30 47 19 34 5 47 37 16 19 29 34 23 Average number of problems 3,29 3,46 2,10 2,72 3,77 5,06 2,52 3,47 1,90 4,52 4,26 2,22 2,93 3,70 4,30 3,35 67 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 10.5 The level of authorities the companies had to interact with (ARCS survey data), % total tsalbo dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso M M ksvoldrevS tsalbo dorogvoN tsalboks moT iarKksvorabahK tsalbokstukrI tsalbovotsoR tsalbo mreP tsalboksribisovoN dorogvoNynhziN tsalbo tsalbo nilahkaS Federal 37 28 11 38 50 61 38 57 27 31 57 2 33 46 34 51 Regional 47 51 7 41 42 89 36 66 38 57 69 15 49 48 52 62 Local 94 100 86 72 93 100 89 95 97 100 94 94 94 95 88 94 Table 10.6 Attitude to authorities towards business (ARCS survey data), mean Scale: 1 - Very helpful, 2 - Rather helpful, 3 - Neither helpful nor interfering, 4 - Rather interfering, 5 - Very interfering total tsalbo dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso M M ksvoldrevS tsalbo dorogvoN tsalboks moT iarKksvorabahK tsalbokstukrI tsalbovotsoR tsalbo mreP tsalboksribisovoN dorogvoNynhziN tsalbo tsalbo nilahkaS Federal 3,1 2,9 3,5 3,1 3,1 2,8 3,2 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,0 2,5 3,0 3,2 3,0 3,1 Regional 2,9 2,7 3,5 3,0 3,0 2,9 3,1 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,9 2,8 2,7 3,2 2,9 3,2 Local 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,0 3,1 2,9 3,2 2,9 3,2 3,1 3,1 3,4 2,9 3,1 3,1 3,3 Regional total 3,0 2,9 3,4 3,0 3,1 2,9 3,2 2,9 3,0 3,0 3,0 2,9 2,9 3,2 3,0 3,2 68 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 10.7 Which administrative procedures did your company face in 2004, % (ARCS survey data) Entrepreneur Closed joint Non-profit total without Limited liability Open joint stock forming a company company stock organization, legal entity company non-profit fund Establishment of a new business 22 21 24 23 16 26 Procedures having to do with the purchase of buildings, structures and premises for your business 28 24 27 33 37 26 Procedures having to do with the lease of buildings, structures and premises for your business 43 44 43 38 45 42 Procedures of product certification and standardization 18 11 18 29 26 11 Antimonopoly regulation 6 3 6 20 8 5 Licensing of individual types of activities 33 22 33 54 41 37 Registration of intellectual property rights 6 3 6 10 8 5 Reorganization of business (registration of separation, merger, changes in the form of incorporation etc.) 13 8 13 19 16 16 Procedures concerning taxation and bookkeeping 65 58 66 71 70 74 Procedures having to do with the purchase of land plots 27 21 24 50 37 26 Procedures having to do with the lease of land plots 45 34 44 73 56 37 Obtaining a permission for construction 26 23 25 31 34 21 Procedures having to do with the connection to production infrastructure (telephone, electricity, water supply) 44 39 44 44 52 37 Average number of Administrative procedures 3,74 3,09 3,72 4,93 4,45 3,63 69 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 10.8 Estimation of the degree of the problem, (ARCS survey data) Scale: 1 - Minimal problem, 2- Moderate problem, 3 - Big problem, 4 - Very big problem Entrepreneur Closed joint Non-profit total without Limited liability Open joint stock forming a company company stock organization, non- legal entity company profit fund Establishment of a new business 2,0 2,5 1,8 2,2 2,0 2,0 Procedures having to do with the purchase of buildings, structures and premises for your business 2,3 2,4 2,3 2,3 2,2 2,0 Procedures having to do with the lease of buildings, structures and premises for your business 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,3 2,0 Procedures of product certification and standardization 1,8 2,3 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,0 Antimonopoly regulation 2,1 2,2 2,0 2,0 2,3 4,0 Licensing of individual types of activities 2,2 2,3 2,2 2,1 2,4 2,0 Registration of intellectual property rights 2,1 2,3 2,0 2,7 1,8 1,0 Reorganization of business (registration of separation, merger, changes in the form of incorporation etc.) 2,0 1,9 1,6 2,4 3,0 1,0 Procedures concerning taxation and bookkeeping 2,0 2,2 1,9 1,9 1,9 2,0 Procedures having to do with the purchase of land plots 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,8 2,6 2,5 Procedures having to do with the lease of land plots 2,6 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,8 2,5 Obtaining a permission for construction 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,8 1,5 Procedures having to do with the connection to production infrastructure (telephone, electricity, water supply) 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,2 2,6 2,3 mean 2,2 2,3 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,0 70 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 10.9 The most serious problem for the Company, % (ARCS survey data) Entrepreneur Closed joint Non-profit total without Limited liability Open joint stock forming a company company stock organization, non- % legal entity company profit fund Establishment of a new business 8 13 6 6 4 20 Procedures having to do with the purchase of buildings 16 35 12 12 6 0 Procedures having to do with the lease of buildings 13 17 10 13 12 25 Procedures of product certification and standardization 9 12 8 4 14 0 Antimonopoly regulation 16 50 15 13 8 0 Licensing of individual types of activities 12 16 12 5 12 0 Registration of intellectual property rights 7 22 6 0 0 0 Reorganization of business 15 29 10 0 30 0 Procedures concerning taxation and bookkeeping 6 6 8 4 1 0 Procedures having to do with the purchase of land plots 0 0 0 0 0 0 Procedures having to do with the lease of land plots 24 25 22 24 32 43 Obtaining a permission for construction 27 20 32 20 29 0 Procedures having to do with the connection to infrastructure 22 24 23 14 19 29 71 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 10.10 Which administrative procedures did your company face in 2004, % (ARCS survey data) tsalbo tsalbo iarK latot dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziNtsalbo nilahkaS Establishment of a new business 22 22 19 34 35 50 15 20 15 19 16 16 29 28 26 16 Procedures having to do with the purchase of buildings, structures and premises for your business 28 30 12 14 23 28 28 33 16 26 46 18 33 27 30 28 Procedures having to do with the lease of buildings, structures and premises for your business 43 45 33 21 60 39 46 28 38 32 44 41 53 58 53 27 Procedures of product certification and standardization 18 27 9 17 23 39 16 16 7 22 20 16 14 26 19 10 Antimonopoly regulation 6 3 5 0 8 11 3 7 1 3 15 4 13 7 8 3 Licensing of individual types of activities 33 44 30 21 48 78 29 38 12 32 36 19 40 34 38 25 Registration of intellectual property rights 6 7 2 0 23 11 3 3 4 4 3 8 9 2 6 3 Reorganization of business (registration of separation, merger, changes in the form of incorporation etc.) 13 9 23 7 23 28 6 7 4 9 14 21 19 11 15 9 Procedures concerning taxation and bookkeeping 65 81 44 34 78 67 74 66 52 54 63 50 61 72 84 63 Procedures having to do with the purchase of land plots 27 26 7 24 22 67 9 23 25 19 52 35 32 13 29 33 Procedures having to do with the lease of land plots 45 60 16 62 53 78 24 65 12 66 52 19 49 34 53 72 Obtaining a permission for construction 26 43 7 45 27 61 19 34 11 26 24 23 28 13 27 34 Procedures having to do with the connection to production infrastructure (telephone, electricity, water supply) 44 55 23 52 53 61 43 45 12 46 61 37 51 40 47 40 Average number of Administrative procedures 3,74 4,53 2,30 3,31 4,78 6,17 3,15 3,84 2,10 3,60 4,46 3,07 4,32 3,65 4,35 3,64 72 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 10.11 Estimation of the degree of the problem, (ARCS survey data) Scale: 1 - Minimal problem, 2- Moderate problem, 3 - Big problem, 4 - Very big problem tsalbo tsalbo iarK latot dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo wocso wocso M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK tsalbo dorogvoN kstukrI tsalbovotsoR tsalbo mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziN nilahkaS Establishment of a new business 2,0 1,6 1,5 3,0 2,5 2,5 2,2 3,7 2,6 1,4 2,7 1,7 1,9 1,3 1,6 1,8 Procedures having to do with the purchase of buildings, structures and premises for your business 2,3 2,4 2,0 2,0 2,8 3,3 2,3 2,5 2,1 2,3 2,4 1,8 2,4 2,1 2,2 2,2 Procedures having to do with the lease of buildings, structures and premises for your business 2,3 2,1 2,3 2,0 2,3 2,0 2,1 2,7 2,7 2,2 2,6 1,5 2,4 2,2 2,7 2,5 Procedures of product certification and standardization 1,8 1,8 1,5 2,0 1,7 n/a 1,7 4,0 2,0 1,8 2,0 1,9 1,6 1,6 1,8 1,5 Antimonopoly regulation 2,1 1,0 2,0 n/a 2,0 3,0 4,0 3,0 n/a 2,5 2,8 1,0 1,6 1,5 2,3 2,0 Licensing of individual types of activities 2,2 2,4 1,8 3,3 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,0 1,5 2,3 2,4 1,9 2,0 1,7 2,5 2,4 Registration of intellectual property rights 2,1 2,5 n/a n/a 2,5 4,0 2,0 2,0 2,7 1,7 1,0 1,5 1,7 2,0 1,5 2,5 Reorganization of business (registration of separation, merger, changes in the form of incorporation etcn/a) 2,0 1,8 1,7 3,0 2,3 3,0 2,0 2,3 3,0 1,8 2,7 1,6 1,6 2,0 2,7 1,8 Procedures concerning taxation and bookkeeping 2,0 1,9 1,7 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,4 2,5 1,9 2,2 2,2 1,5 1,6 1,7 2,0 2,1 Procedures having to do with the purchase of land plots 2,6 2,0 3,0 2,2 3,3 3,6 2,8 2,6 2,4 3,0 2,9 1,3 2,6 2,1 2,7 2,8 Procedures having to do with the lease of land plots 2,6 2,5 2,5 2,5 3,1 3,1 2,7 2,5 2,3 3,0 2,7 1,4 2,2 2,3 2,7 2,7 Obtaining a permission for construction 2,6 2,4 3,0 2,0 3,1 3,1 2,3 2,3 3,2 2,7 2,6 1,6 2,6 2,8 3,0 2,9 Procedures having to do with the connection to production infrastructure (telephone, electricity, water supply) 2,5 2,2 2,7 2,2 2,3 2,9 2,5 2,6 2,5 3,2 2,2 2,5 2,1 3,0 2,8 2,6 Mean 2,2 2,0 2,1 2,3 2,5 2,9 2,4 2,7 2,4 2,3 2,4 1,6 2,0 2,0 2,3 2,3 73 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 10.12 The most serious problem for the Company, % (ARCS survey data) tsalbo tsalbo iarK latot dargninilaK grubsreteP-tniaS tsalbo tsalbo tsalbo tsalbo dargnineL tsalbo wocso wocso tsalbo tsalbo dorogvoN M M ksvoldrevS dorogvoN tsalboks moT ksvorabahK kstukrI tsalbovotsoR mreP tsalboksribisovoN ynhziN nilahkaS Establishment of a new business 8 10 0 10 10 11 14 5 40 8 0 19 7 0 0 0 Procedures having to do with the purchase of buildings 16 17 0 0 21 0 19 16 44 17 17 33 6 11 10 11 Procedures having to do with the lease of buildings 13 16 21 0 8 0 16 4 16 14 14 12 13 14 8 17 Procedures of product certification and standardization 9 8 25 0 7 0 7 0 0 7 5 38 7 12 6 14 Antimonopoly regulation 16 0 0 n/a 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 75 23 14 13 0 Licensing of individual types of activities 12 10 15 17 0 7 7 11 0 5 17 26 10 6 22 29 Registration of intellectual property rights 7 0 0 n/a 0 0 0 0 75 0 33 13 0 0 0 0 Reorganization of business 15 22 10 50 14 20 0 14 25 17 0 33 21 9 0 0 Procedures concerning taxation and bookkeeping 6 4 5 10 2 8 8 6 18 3 3 10 5 3 1 10 Procedures having to do with the purchase of land plots 33 28 33 43 54 33 44 32 48 46 42 14 19 15 43 18 Procedures having to do with the lease of land plots 24 22 0 11 44 29 13 18 33 36 15 16 18 24 43 21 Obtaining a permission for construction 27 37 0 8 31 0 22 24 45 22 25 13 32 38 38 22 Procedures having to do with the connection to infrastructure 22 9 20 13 22 9 12 16 8 32 23 27 12 60 20 33 74 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report 11. FINAL QUESTIONS Table 11.1 Portion of the working time and the working time of the employees (on average for a month in 2004) used for resolving the issues related to compliance with administrative requirements and procedures established legislatively or by various authorities, % (ARCS survey data) Management Director Deputy Chief personnel, except for Director Accountant Lawyer Director and Deputy Director Kaliningrad oblast 25 27 30 45 19 Saint-Petersburg 34 21 28 18 16 Leningrad oblast 24 13 25 15 5 Moscow 20 25 28 45 16 Moscow oblast 29 30 20 38 15 Sverdlovsk oblast 32 20 21 21 12 Novgorod oblast 18 23 18 32 11 Tomsk oblast 37 33 34 36 8 Khabarovsk Krai 29 15 28 41 7 Irkutsk oblast 31 19 24 42 15 Rostov oblast 18 11 16 26 31 Perm oblast 20 21 23 44 18 Novosibirsk oblast 26 31 30 55 5 Nizhny Novgorod oblast 33 37 38 53 33 Sakhalin oblast 29 29 42 46 25 Regional total 27 24 27 37 16 75 Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation. Annex 1 to Cross-regional report Table 11.2 Portion of revenue that is usually not reported, % Table 11.3 Share of ARCS companies that recommended their (ARCS survey data) regions for the potential investors. % Kaliningrad oblast 27 Kaliningrad oblast 94 Saint-Petersburg 17 Saint-Petersburg 79 Leningrad oblast 48 Leningrad oblast 72 Moscow 18 Moscow 78 Moscow oblast 21 Moscow oblast 83 Sverdlovsk oblast 23 Sverdlovsk oblast 75 Novgorod oblast 12 Novgorod oblast 56 Tomsk oblast 17 Tomsk oblast 90 Khabarovsk Krai 27 Khabarovsk Krai 79 Irkutsk oblast 28 Irkutsk oblast 67 Rostov oblast 26 Rostov oblast 59 Perm oblast 16 Perm oblast 78 Novosibirsk oblast 23 Novosibirsk oblast 87 Nizhny Novgorod oblast 9 Nizhny Novgorod oblast 65 Sakhalin oblast 16 Sakhalin oblast 70 Regional total 22 Regional total 75 76