The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) Combined Project Information Documents / Integrated Safeguards Datasheet (PID/ISDS) Appraisal Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 11-Apr-2018 | Report No: PIDISDSA24044 Jan 10, 2018 Page 1 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) BASIC INFORMATION OPS_TABLE_BASIC_DATA A. Basic Project Data Country Project ID Project Name Parent Project ID (if any) Samoa P165782 Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Practice Area (Lead) EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC 06-Apr-2018 13-Jun-2018 Transport & Digital Development Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Investment Project Financing Ministry of Finance Land Transport Authority Proposed Development Objective(s) Improve the climate resilience of Samoa’s road network and in the event of an Eligible Crisis or Emergency, to provide an immediate response to the Eligible Crisis or Emergency. Components Component 1: Sectoral and Spatial Planning Tools Component 2: Climate Resilient Infrastructure Solutions Component 3: Strengthening the Enabling Environment Component 4: Contingency Emergency Response OPS_TABLE_FCC The processing of this project is applying the policy requirements exceptions for situations of urgent need of assistance or capacity constraints that are outlined in OP 10.00, paragraph 12. Yes Financing (in USD Million) FIN_SUMM_PUB_TBL SUMMARY Total Project Cost 35.75 Total Financing 35.75 Financing Gap 0.00 DETAILS -NewFin3 Jan 10, 2018 Page 2 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) Total World Bank Group Financing 35.75 World Bank Lending 35.75 Environmental Assessment Category B - Partial Assessment Decision The review did authorize the preparation to continue Other Decision (as needed) B. Introduction and Context Country Context 1. The Independent State of Samoa (Samoa) is a small and remote Pacific Island Country (PIC) with a population of approximately 197,000 people.1 Samoa consists of the two large islands of Upolu and Savai’i, and eight smaller islands, and has a total land area of approximately 2,935 km.2 Like many PICs, Samoa is vulnerable to extreme weather events. The Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning Program (PACCSAP) have suggested that the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events, such as heavy rainfall, strong winds and storm surges is already on the rise throughout the region.3 Such events cause severe damage to infrastructure and other economic assets, and have adverse effects on livelihoods. Samoa has been heavily impacted by natural disasters, particularly tropical storms and cyclones, including Cyclone Ofa (1990), Cyclone Val (1991) and Cyclone Evan (2012). The combined impacts of Ofa and Val included 21 fatalities, widespread damage and total economic losses estimated as high as US$500 million4, which was equivalent to about four times the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) at the time. According to the Damage and Loss Assessment following Tropical Cyclone Evan, the combined physical damage and economic losses to transport infrastructure, houses, and tourism facilities were estimated at US$204 million, approximately 28 percent of the total value of goods and services produced in Samoa in 2011.5 Samoa also experiences high seismic activity, and on September 29, 2009, was impacted by an earthquake-triggered 1 Samoa Bureau of Statistics 2 Central Intelligence Agency World Fact Book – Samoa https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ws.html 3 “Climate Variability, Extremes and Change in the Western Tropical Pacific: New Science and Updated Country Reports,� Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning Program, 2014. 4 “Country Risk Profile: Samoa,� Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative (PCRAFI), September 2011. 5 “Samoa Post-Disaster Needs Assessment, Cyclone Evan 2012�, Government of Samoa, March 2013. Jan 10, 2018 Page 3 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) tsunami. As a result, there were 143 reported deaths and nearly 5,300 people were affected, mainly on the southern, eastern and south-western coast of Upolu. 6 Sectoral and Institutional Context 2. Samoa’s transport network is of critical importance to the country’s economy and economic development through supporting trade and promoting commercial activity by facilitating the movement of goods and services, and providing safe and efficient access to social services including schools and health facilities. In addition, approximately 70 percent of the population in Samoa lives within one kilometer of the coast, and critical infrastructure including roads, hospitals, schools, places of employment, port facilities, tourist facilities, power plants and airports, are located primarily in the coastal zone. The transport network therefore faces a range of issues that increase vulnerability such as: (i) exposure to sea-level rise, storm surge, and wave action during cyclones and tsunamis; (ii) flooding and landslides associated with extreme rainfall events; (iii) damage from earthquakes; and, (iv) accelerated pavement deterioration due to extreme weather and rising water tables. 3. Building on previous experiences in the transport sector, the Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (SCRTP) proposes to improve the resilience of Samoa’s road network and in the event of an Eligible Crisis or Emergency, to provide an immediate response to the Eligible Crisis or Emergency. C. Proposed Development Objective(s) Development Objective(s) (From PAD) Improve the climate resilience of Samoa’s road network and in the event of an Eligible Crisis or Emergency, to provide an immediate response to the Eligible Crisis or Emergency. Key Results D. Project Description 4. In line with the framework for the Pacific Climate Resilient Transport Program Series of Projects, SCRTP consists of four components: (a) Component 1: Sectoral and Spatial Planning Tools. This component involves TA that will improve the way that climate change is addressed in Samoa’s road sector and allows for the financing of updates to analytical and sector planning tools to enable policymakers to make informed decisions based on the most accurate and up-to-date information available. A program of activities designed to update and improve analytical and planning tools and strategies for the road sector is proposed, including: 6Samoa Post Disaster Needs Assessment, Following the Earthquake and Tsunami of 29 September 2009. Government of Samoa, December 2009. Jan 10, 2018 Page 4 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) (i) Updating and upgrading of the hardware, software and ancillary tools in relation to the Samoa Asset Management System (SAMS), including conducting of trainings in relation to such system. (ii) Updating of the Vulnerability Assessment (VA) and Climate Resilient Road Strategy (CRRS). (iii) Establishing and operationalizing a database for recording and analyzing road accident data. (iv) Providing hardware, software and ancillary tools in relation to the Solutions for the Samoa Open Land Administration (SOLA) system, including conducting of trainings in relation to such system. (b) Component 2: Climate Resilient Infrastructure Solutions. This component involves feasibility studies, design and construction of identified priority road assets to improve their resilience to climate-related hazards and/or events. The integration of climate change considerations into infrastructure activities will help strengthen the resilience of assets and improve functionality of the transportation network. The VA and CRRS have guided the priorities for infrastructure improvements and have been used to inform the project activities included within this component. The following activities are proposed: (i) Carrying out of activities to improve climate resilience of the western section of the West Coast Road between Malua and Faleolo, including supervision activities required for such work. (ii) Supporting the assessment, design, construction and supervision activities in relation to the protection and slope stabilization works on the East Coast Road to reduce landslip and rockfall hazards and the related risks to the road assets and road users. (iii) Supporting the assessment, design, construction, and supervision activities to improve and/or replace bridges, culverts and fords on Upolu and Savai’i, including but not limited to, the replacement of the Afega Bridge and the Lano Ford Crossing. (iv) Conducting feasibility studies for upgrading the Alafa’alava Road. (c) Component 3: Strengthening the Enabling Environment. This component will provide funding to support institutional and regulatory reforms for road sector asset management and maintenance, including measures to strengthen local capacity and to increase the sustainability of climate resilient road sector investments. In addition, this component will help to strengthen coordination among relevant institutions, will look at ways in which road sector management can be improved, and will address any emerging priority issues that can help support the Government in addressing climate change risks. Proposed activities include: (i) Providing technical and operational assistance to the GoS’s Centralized Technical Services Support Unit (CTSSU) and the Transport and Infrastructure Sector Coordination Division (TISCD). Jan 10, 2018 Page 5 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) (ii) Providing technical and operational assistance to the Land Transport Authority’s (LTA) Project Management Division (PMD) on project management and implementation. (iii) Providing technical assistance and support to: (i) review and revise LTA’s Legislation and explore revenue generation options available to the LTA; (ii) conduct control surveys of the road network; and, (iii) conduct beneficiary surveys, including surveys focusing on gender and people with disabilities, to assess the impact of the major climate resilient works carried out under the Project. (iv) Carrying out of activities to: (i) provide technical assistance to improve road safety; (ii) provide technical assistance and equipment to support the enforcement of axle-load limits; and, (iii) provide trainings to LTA staff and contractors on occupational health and safety measures. (v) Providing technical assistance to strengthen the Recipient’s capacity to address emerging priority issues that could have an impact on the Recipient’s ability to manage a climate resilient road network. (d) Component 4: Contingency Emergency Response Component (CERC). Since PICs will remain vulnerable to climate change and severe weather events, even with the successful implementation of the first three components, supporting post-disaster recovery is an important feature of the PCRTP. This component is designed to provide swift response in the event of an Eligible Crisis or Emergency7, by enabling the Government to request the Bank to re-allocate project funds to support emergency response and reconstruction. 5. To monitor progress toward the Project Development Objective, the following set of indicators has been identified: a. Identified planning tools being used to improve climate resilience of roads. b. Identified climate resilient investments constructed and in use. c. Identified enabling environment solutions implemented. d. Roads constructed or rehabilitated with climate resilience measures. e. Water crossings constructed or rehabilitated with climate resilience measures. E. Implementation Institutional and Implementation Arrangements 6. As for previous transport projects, the Executing Agency for SCRTP will be the Ministry of Finance (MoF), with the LTA acting as the Implementing Agency. 7. While the capacity for implementing complex infrastructure projects in Samoa is limited, lessons learned 7 Defined as “an event that has caused, or is likely to imminently cause, a major adverse economic and/or social impact associa ted with natural or man-made crises or disasters�, OP/BP 8.00, Rapid Response to Crises and Emergencies. Jan 10, 2018 Page 6 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) during the implementation of previous road subsector projects will be addressed for SCRTP through revised governance arrangements. The LTA’s PMD will be responsible for the day-to-day implementation of SCRTP, and will be further assisted by two tiers of centralized implementation support; the CTSSU (housed within MoF) and the TISCD (housed within the Ministry of Works Transport and Infrastructure). . F. Project location and Salient physical characteristics relevant to the safeguard analysis (if known) It is proposed that project investments will be undertaken on the islands of Upolu and Savai’i in Samoa. The project will finance the rehabilitation of the western section of the West Coast Road from Malua to Fale’olo and the upgrade of the Afega Bridge along this road as a separate project activity. Other project investments will be undertaken at discrete sites along the East Coast Road (e.g., slope stabilization works); however, the exact locations are unknown at this stage. The works are located in areas close, or adjacent to, the coast, and the receiving environment of the proposed investments include coastal and coral reef communities. The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) includes the principles, rules, guidelines and procedures for screening and assessment of environmental impacts of project activities once they have been defined with sufficient detail to be specifically evaluated. G. Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists on the Team Nicholas John Valentine, Environmental Safeguards Specialist Craig Andrew Clark, Social Safeguards Specialist SAFEGUARD POLICIES THAT MIGHT APPLY Safeguard Policies Triggered? Explanation (Optional) The project is unlikely to cause any significant adverse environmental impacts and has been categorized as Category B under OP 4.01. Potential impacts are expected to be site-specific and few, if any, would be irreversible. Required mitigation measures are expected to be largely standardized; Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.01 Yes however, they will need to respond to the potential environmental risks identified during the environmental assessment. Importantly, the receiving environment of the proposed investments is highly sensitive and includes coral reef communities that contain significant biodiversity and Jan 10, 2018 Page 7 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) are important for livelihoods. Many of the activities will be located close, or adjacent to, the coast hence the prevention of pollution from sedimentation and hydrocarbons will be critical. Environmental assessments will be undertaken in accordance with the SCRTP ESMF. The Safeguards Screening Form will be used to screen activities to determine the categorization in accordance with this policy, identify potential environmental and social impacts, and provide guidance on the level of detail required for an Environmental Assessment and EMP in line with national regulatory and OP4.01 requirements. In the case of the West Coast Road, the ESMP has already been completed and disclosed in country. Component 2 involves activities that require soil excavation and other earth-moving works with the potential to cause impacts on the immediately surrounding and downstream environments. Likewise, during construction, any resulting Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.04 Yes contamination, sedimentation, spills, etc. will potentially have adverse consequences for fragile coastal ecosystems, including lagoons, mangrove areas and reefs. Hence, the implementation of adequate mitigation measures during construction will be critical in protecting these ecological values. Forests OP/BP 4.36 No No forests will be impacted. Pest Management OP 4.09 No The project does not involve the use of pesticides. Recent experience on other road projects in Samoa found that tombs and cemeteries or gravesites are often located near the road reserve and/or within the construction zone. There are also excavation works associated with crossings, slope stabilization, and possibly within easements for storm water Physical Cultural Resources OP/BP 4.11 Yes management that may uncover culturally important resources requiring the activation of Chance Finds Procedures. Considering this, the policy is triggered as a precautionary measure. The SCRTP ESMF details a ‘Chance Finds’ procedure, which can be used to guide contractors. An assessment of the applicability of OP 4.10 to the PICs was undertaken during the preparation of the Indigenous Peoples OP/BP 4.10 No Environmental and Social Safeguard Instruments for the Pacific Island Countries (ESSIP) (2015). It was Jan 10, 2018 Page 8 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) determined that OP 4.10 is not typically triggered in Samoa . However, a precautionary approach has been applied for this project through employing culturally appropriate communication processes to ensure that traditional community structures are respected and incorporated. Preparation and implementation of involuntary resettlement is guided by a Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (LARF) and is included as Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12 Yes part of the SCRTP ESMF. In the case of the West Coast Road, the LARF has been disclosed, with the LARP currently under preparation. Safety of Dams OP/BP 4.37 No Not applicable. Projects on International Waterways No Not applicable. OP/BP 7.50 Projects in Disputed Areas OP/BP 7.60 No Not applicable. KEY SAFEGUARD POLICY ISSUES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT A. Summary of Key Safeguard Issues 1. Describe any safeguard issues and impacts associated with the proposed project. Identify and describe any potential large scale, significant and/or irreversible impacts: The project involves the rehabilitation of existing roads and crossings. Typical construction-related impacts from the civil construction works include erosion and sedimentation, increased dust and noise, traffic disruption and waste disposal. Depending on the scope and design of slope stabilization works along East Coast Road there may be a need for spoil disposal. Utilization of quarries for sourcing road construction material will be required and development consent will need to be obtained for any facility proposed to be exploited. Construction-related impacts are not expected to be significant and can be mitigated through good industry practice, which is embodied in the Samoa Codes of Environmental Practice (COEP). Works are anticipated to be within established public road easements and involuntary resettlement impacts are expected to be minor and largely involve minor land acquisition (eg. for road widening), loss/relocation of secondary structures and trees/crops, however relocation of housing is not considered likely. Temporary loss of land use for diversion roads associated with bridge construction is also expected. Impacts on livelihoods are expected to be minimal and temporary in nature. Most of the involuntary resettlement impacts will be associated with the upgrading of the western section of the West Coast Road. Large scale, significant and/or irreversible impacts are not anticipated. To ensure any land acquisition issues are managed in a way which seeks to minimize impacts and ensure full application of OP4.12, a LARF has been prepared for the West Coast Road. Paragraph 28 of OP4.12 requires that a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) be prepared prior to appraisal unless one of two criteria are satisfied, namely “the zone of impact of subprojects cannot be determined, or… the zone of impact is known but precise sitting alignments cannot be determined. The broad zone of impact is known in as much as a concept design has been completed; however, experience has shown (on the eastern end of the same road) that the concept designs often do not adequately address social (land) impacts and can require more land than is actually required. In the eastern end of the road, the land holdings affected in the concept design were many times the land holdings affected Jan 10, 2018 Page 9 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) in the detailed design. This reduction in impacts was achieved by ground-truthing and design optimization, thereby achieving the objective of paragraph 28 of OP4.12. Furthermore, the precise sitting alignment of the infrastructure is not known at this stage and the team is very keen to build on the process applied in the eastern end of the corridor to further reduce potential impacts through an iterative impact minimization process. 2. Describe any potential indirect and/or long term impacts due to anticipated future activities in the project area: No indirect or long-term negative impacts are expected from future activities in the area of the project activities. Location and alignment options will be considered to ensure that an alignment selected will be based on the least impact and community preferences. Long-term impacts are expected to be overwhelmingly positive through the improvement in climate resilience of road sector assets in Samoa. 3. Describe any project alternatives (if relevant) considered to help avoid or minimize adverse impacts. There are no feasible alternatives other than the “do nothing� option which will fail to meet the project development objective. Potential environmental and social impacts will be considered during the design process for each project activity and measures to minimize any adverse impacts will be incorporated. 4. Describe measures taken by the borrower to address safeguard policy issues. Provide an assessment of borrower capacity to plan and implement the measures described. A consultant Safeguards Specialist was recruited by LTA under the Enhanced Road Access Project and the Enhancing the Climate Resilience of the West Coast Road Project and this arrangement will continue under SCRTP. In addition, LTA has recently recruited a Safeguards Specialist and this new capacity will be supplemented by the continued retention of the consultant Safeguards Specialist.The Specialists will help prepare safeguards instruments for project investments and help ensure that adequate safeguards monitoring and supervision is enacted during the construction phase. This will help increase capacity to manage environmental and social risks on project activities. The project will also incorporate an Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) component which will include a capacity assessment of LTA and opportunities to develop further OH&S capacity within the implementing agency. Activities under Component 4 CERC are subject to World Bank safeguards policies, including paragraph 12 of the Investment Project Financing (IPF) Policy. As far as possible the CERC will reply on procedures detailed in the SCRTP ESMF (Section 5.3). The borrower will be required to prepare an Emergency Action Plan following the declaration of an emergency which will summarize the safeguard implications and any safeguard instruments to be prepared. 5. Identify the key stakeholders and describe the mechanisms for consultation and disclosure on safeguard policies, with an emphasis on potentially affected people. The key stakeholders for SCRTP are the travelling public using the road infrastructure and the communities in the immediate vicinity of the project activity locations. The respective stakeholder groups will be consulted during design and assessment of the individual sub-project activities and their feedback and views incorporated into project designs where feasible. Information disclosure is mandated by OP4.01, OP4.12 and the Bank’s Disclosure Policy. Safeguard instruments are disclosed in a language and format accessible to people, communities and civil society who may be interested in, or affected by, Project activities to ensure sufficient understanding of the project activities, potential impacts and management arrangements, as well as the grievance redress mechanism. The LTA is responsible for managing information dissemination as well as overseeing public consultation. The SCRTP ESMF and LARF has been disclosed in country and on the Bank's external website. Jan 10, 2018 Page 10 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) The West Coast Road ESMP, dated June 2017, has been completed and disclosed in country; however, the LARP for the West Coast Road is still under preparation and will be disclosed in country prior to works commencing. For the West Coast Road, the LARF, dated March 2015, was disclosed April 2015. B. Disclosure Requirements OPS_EA_DISCLOSURE_TABLE Environmental Assessment/Audit/Management Plan/Other For category A projects, date of Date of receipt by the Bank Date of submission for disclosure distributing the Executive Summary of the EA to the Executive Directors 03-Mar-2018 19-Mar-2018 "In country" Disclosure Samoa 26-Mar-2018 Comments Disclosed on the LTA website. OPS_RA_D ISCLOSURE_T ABLE Resettlement Action Plan/Framework/Policy Process Date of receipt by the Bank Date of submission for disclosure 03-Mar-2018 19-Mar-2018 "In country" Disclosure Samoa 26-Mar-2018 Comments Disclosed on the LTA website. C. Compliance Monitoring Indicators at the Corporate Level (to be filled in when the ISDS is finalized by the project decision meeting) OPS_EA_COMP_TABLE OP/BP/GP 4.01 - Environment Assessment Does the project require a stand-alone EA (including EMP) report? Yes If yes, then did the Regional Environment Unit or Practice Manager (PM) review and approve the EA report? Yes Jan 10, 2018 Page 11 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) Are the cost and the accountabilities for the EMP incorporated in the credit/loan? Yes OPS_ NH_COM P_TA BLE OP/BP 4.04 - Natural Habitats Would the project result in any significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats? No If the project would result in significant conversion or degradation of other (non-critical) natural habitats, does the project include mitigation measures acceptable to the Bank? NA OPS_ PCR_COM P_TA BLE OP/BP 4.11 - Physical Cultural Resources Does the EA include adequate measures related to cultural property? Yes Does the credit/loan incorporate mechanisms to mitigate the potential adverse impacts on cultural property? Yes OPS_IR_ COMP_TA BLE OP/BP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement Has a resettlement plan/abbreviated plan/policy framework/process framework (as appropriate) been prepared? Yes If yes, then did the Regional unit responsible for safeguards or Practice Manager review the plan? Yes OPS_ PDI_ COMP_TA BLE The World Bank Policy on Disclosure of Information Have relevant safeguard policies documents been sent to the World Bank for disclosure? Yes Have relevant documents been disclosed in-country in a public place in a form and language that are understandable and accessible to project-affected groups and local NGOs? Yes Jan 10, 2018 Page 12 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) All Safeguard Policies Have satisfactory calendar, budget and clear institutional responsibilities been prepared for the implementation of measures related to safeguard policies? Yes Have costs related to safeguard policy measures been included in the project cost? Yes Does the Monitoring and Evaluation system of the project include the monitoring of safeguard impacts and measures related to safeguard policies? Yes Have satisfactory implementation arrangements been agreed with the borrower and the same been adequately reflected in the project legal documents? Yes CONTACT POINT World Bank Sean David Michaels Infrastructure Specialist Borrower/Client/Recipient Ministry of Finance Implementing Agencies Land Transport Authority Titi Tutuvanu ACEO titi.tutuvanu@lta.gov.ws Jan 10, 2018 Page 13 of 14 The World Bank Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project (P165782) FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects APPROVAL Task Team Leader(s): Sean David Michaels Approved By Safeguards Advisor: Peter Leonard 11-Apr-2018 Practice Manager/Manager: Christopher R. Bennett 11-Apr-2018 Country Director: Michel Kerf 12-Apr-2018 Jan 10, 2018 Page 14 of 14