97715 THE LITTLE GREEN 2015 DATA BOOK © 2015 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the govern- ments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 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Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Regional tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 The Little Green Data Book 2015 iii Acknowledgments The Little Green Data Book 2015 is based on World Development Indicators 2015 and its online database. Defining, gathering, and disseminating international statistics is a collective effort of many people and organizations. The indicators presented in World Development Indicators are the fruit of decades of work at many levels, from the field workers who administer censuses and household surveys to the committees and working parties of the national and international statistical agencies that develop the nomenclature, classifications, and standards fundamental to the international statistical system. Nongovernmental organizations have also made important contributions. We are indebted to the World Development Indicators partners, as detailed in World Development Indicators 2015. The Little Green Data Book 2015 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice. Liu Cui, Mahyar Eshragh-Tabary, Sonu Jain, Esther Naikal, William Prince, Christopher Sall, and Jomo Tariku contributed to its preparation. Azita Amjadi coordinated the production of the book. Barton Matheson Willse & Worthington typeset the book. The work was carried out under the direction of Haishan Fu and Paula Caballero. Staff from The World Bank’s Publishing and Knowledge Division oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2015 The Little Green Data Book Foreword Welcome to The Little Green Data Book 2015. For 15 years, we have been taking the pulse of development and the environment using more than 50 indicators for more than 200 countries. We strive to update and improve the indicators provided in The Little Green Data Book, so that it continues to be a relevant knowledge resource that aids policy makers in using environmental data more effectively to support priority-setting and improve development outcomes. This year the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are expected to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), placing more emphasis on monitoring the environment. The increasing importance of environmental statistics highlights the need to invest in improving environmental data. In partnership with the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), this year’s edition includes two new indicators on ambient air pollution in both urban and rural areas, measured by particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5). Exposure to PM2.5 pollution poses serious health risks, as the very fine particulates are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. The two new indicators included in The Little Green Data Book 2015 are mean annual exposure to PM2.5 pollution and percent of total population exposed to PM2.5 pollution above World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline values. Data on air pollution exposure and associated health impacts are published in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, an international scientific effort led by IHME at the University of Washington. These data show that in many parts of the world, exposure to air pollution is increasing at an alarming rate and has become the main environmental threat to health. In 2010, almost 84 percent of the world’s population lived in areas where ambient concentrations of PM2.5 exceeded the WHO’s Air Quality Guideline of 10 μg/cu. m (annual average). Exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution in 2010 resulted in more than 3.2 million premature deaths globally (Lim et al. 2012). Average exposure to air pollution has worsened since 1990 for the East Asia and Pacific and the South Asia regions and remained the same for Sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast, conditions have improved significantly for Europe and Central Asia, and marginally for the Latin America and the Caribbean and the Middle East and North Africa regions. Globally, population- weighted exposure to PM2.5 increased by as much as 10 percent between 1990 and 2010. This year the adjusted net saving (ANS) indicator has also been updated to feature a more extensive accounting of the economic costs of air pollution. In previous years, the scope of pollution damages was limited to exposure to outdoor PM10 pollution in urban areas with more than 100,000 people. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, the measure of pollution damages in this year’s ANS now encompasses exposure to the more harmful PM2.5 particulates in both urban and rural areas, including household air pollution from cooking with solid fuels. The Little Green Data Book 2015 v Foreword Ambient PM2.5 pollution, population-weighted exposure East Asia & Pacific South Asia Middle East & North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa High income Europe & Central Asia 1990 Latin America & Caribbean 2010 World 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 microgram per cubic meter Source: World Development Indicators 2015. Apart from the human toll, pollution represents a cost to the economy and a risk to sustainability. Health impacts (i.e., death and disability from air pollution) are now monetized as productivity losses during working age following a human capital approach, which is a departure from the welfare loss methodology used in previous years. While these costs represent only a part of the total welfare losses from air pollution, they are more amenable to the standard national accounting framework. As the new ANS data show, productivity losses in the global labor force due to death and disability from air pollution totaled more than US$161 billion in 2010, including US$89 billion in low and middle income countries. With the methodology updated to reflect the latest findings in the academic literature, these new country-level estimates on the economic cost of air pollution help make a business case for why countries need to invest in air quality management. vi 2015 The Little Green Data Book Foreword The Little Green Data Book is a result of close collaboration between the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice. We welcome suggestions on how to improve future editions and make them even more useful. Paula Caballero Haishan Fu Senior Director Director Environment and Natural Development Data Group Resources Global Practice The Little Green Data Book 2015 vii Data notes The data in this book are for the most recent year available as noted in the glossary. • Growth rates are calculated as annual averages and represented as percentages. • Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. • Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified in the glossary. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Lettered notes on country tables can be found in the Notes on page 232. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. The selection of indicators in these pages includes some of those being used to monitor progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. For more information about the eight goals—halving poverty and increasing well-being by 2015—please see the other books in the World Development Indicators 2015 family of products. The cutoff date for data is May 1, 2015. viii 2015 The Little Green Data Book Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, República Bolivariana de Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Green Data Book 2015 1 World Population (millions) 7,125.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 129,734 GDP ($ billions) 75,621.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,683 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,686 Urban population (% of total) 53.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,193 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,851 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.1 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.3 Threatened species, mammals 3,246 Threatened species, birds 3,625 Threatened species, fish 6,870 Threatened species, higher plants 13,583 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 191,063 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 12.2 Coral reef area (sq. km) 284,300 Mangroves area (sq. km) 150,398 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,890 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,045 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 67.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 15.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,055 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.1 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 Rural (% of rural population) 82 Urban (% of urban population) 96 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 64 Rural (% of rural population) 46 Urban (% of urban population) 79 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 31 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 84 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 46 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.1 2 2015 The Little Green Data Book East Asia & Pacific Population (millions) 2,005.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 15,914 GDP ($ billions) 11,413.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,536 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,520 Urban population (% of total) 50.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 48 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 822 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,184 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 29.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.1 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 115,605 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.2 Coral reef area (sq. km) 137,690 Mangroves area (sq. km) 56,537 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,671 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,582 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 80.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 14.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,376 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 73 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 Rural (% of rural population) 85 Urban (% of urban population) 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 67 Rural (% of rural population) 58 Urban (% of urban population) 76 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 55 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 47.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 28.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 3 Europe & Central Asia Population (millions) 272.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 6,337 GDP ($ billions) 2,001.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,114 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,243 Urban population (% of total) 60.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 66 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,070 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,136 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.1 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,036 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. Mangroves area (sq. km) .. Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,080 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,954 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 65.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 17.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,710 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 31.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 67 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 Rural (% of rural population) 89 Urban (% of urban population) 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 Rural (% of rural population) 90 Urban (% of urban population) 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 91 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.5 4 2015 The Little Green Data Book Latin America & Caribbean Population (millions) 588.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 19,096 GDP ($ billions) 5,657.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,542 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,878 Urban population (% of total) 79.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,576 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,161 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 48.2 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.4 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11,967 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 10.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 14.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 14,860 Mangroves area (sq. km) 39,988 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,292 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 16.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,985 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 37.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 55.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 22,124 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 Rural (% of rural population) 82 Urban (% of urban population) 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 81 Rural (% of rural population) 62 Urban (% of urban population) 86 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 33 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 5 Middle East & North Africa Population (millions) 345.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8,641 GDP ($ billions) 1,495.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,456 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,654 Urban population (% of total) 60.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,561 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.1 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,159 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.0 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,700 Mangroves area (sq. km) 217 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,376 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,696 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 656 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 121.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 Rural (% of rural population) 83 Urban (% of urban population) 95 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 88 Rural (% of rural population) 80 Urban (% of urban population) 93 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 28 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.1 6 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1,670.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) South Asia 4,772 GDP ($ billions) 2,368.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,483 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,246 Urban population (% of total) 32.2 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 685 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,045 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 17.2 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.1 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13,951 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 15,440 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10,343 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 555 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 605 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 77.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,186 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 51.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 Rural (% of rural population) 89 Urban (% of urban population) 95 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 Rural (% of rural population) 30 Urban (% of urban population) 61 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 32 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 57 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.1 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.0 The Little Green Data Book 2015 7 Sub-Saharan Africa Population (millions) 936.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23,590 GDP ($ billions) 1,643.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,686 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,382 Urban population (% of total) 36.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 673 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,433 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.4 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6,652 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.8 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 15.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 17,980 Mangroves area (sq. km) 27,808 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 681 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 57.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 535 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 65.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,120 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 81 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 64 Rural (% of rural population) 53 Urban (% of urban population) 85 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 Rural (% of rural population) 23 Urban (% of urban population) 41 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 72 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 92 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.7 8 2015 The Little Green Data Book Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Each economy in The Little Green Data Book is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Note: Classifications are fixed during the World Bank’s fiscal year (ending on June 30), thus countries remain in the categories in which they are classified irrespective of any revisions to their per capita income data. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less in 2013. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,045 but less than $12,746. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle- income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $4,125. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,746 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Green Data Book 2015 9 Low income Population (millions) 848.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 14,858 GDP ($ billions) 629.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 637 Urban population (% of total) 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 13.8 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 69 Rural (% of rural population) 61 Urban (% of urban population) 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 Rural (% of rural population) 33 Urban (% of urban population) 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.2 10 2015 The Little Green Data Book Middle income Population (millions) 4,970.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 63,491 GDP ($ billions) 23,940.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,754 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,899 Urban population (% of total) 50.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,058 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,738 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.1 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.8 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 141,019 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.2 Coral reef area (sq. km) 176,550 Mangroves area (sq. km) 109,077 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,280 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,816 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 19.3 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,920 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 11.1 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 80 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 Rural (% of rural population) 85 Urban (% of urban population) 96 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 60 Rural (% of rural population) 45 Urban (% of urban population) 76 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 37 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 87 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 43 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 11 Lower middle income Population (millions) 2,561.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 20,785 GDP ($ billions) 5,232.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.9 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 Rural (% of rural population) 84 Urban (% of urban population) 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 47 Rural (% of rural population) 36 Urban (% of urban population) 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.5 12 2015 The Little Green Data Book Upper middle income Population (millions) 2,408.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 42,705 GDP ($ billions) 18,702.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.1 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 Rural (% of rural population) 85 Urban (% of urban population) 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 74 Rural (% of rural population) 62 Urban (% of urban population) 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 13 Low and middle income Population (millions) 5,818.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 78,349 GDP ($ billions) 24,576.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,168 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,423 Urban population (% of total) 47.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 938 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,466 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.2 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.6 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 153,370 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 191,670 Mangroves area (sq. km) 134,894 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,179 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,646 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 19.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,913 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.1 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 80 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 Rural (% of rural population) 80 Urban (% of urban population) 95 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 57 Rural (% of rural population) 43 Urban (% of urban population) 73 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 34 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 86 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 50 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.1 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.0 14 2015 The Little Green Data Book High income Population (millions) 1,306.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 51,385 GDP ($ billions) 51,091.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 13.9 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 Rural (% of rural population) 93 Urban (% of urban population) 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 15 Euro area Population (millions) 337.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,676 GDP ($ billions)13,194.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,350 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 32,257 Urban population (% of total) 75.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 37,793 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,855 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 27.3 Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,242 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.7 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 31.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. Mangroves area (sq. km) .. Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,485 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,599 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 46.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,991 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 32 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 90 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.7 16 2015 The Little Green Data Book Country tables China Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of Cyprus. Georgia GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP, and population exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Data for each country are shown separately where available. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro; these data are noted in the tables. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. Moldova GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP, and population exclude Transnistria. Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. South Sudan and Sudan South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011. Data are shown separately for South Sudan where available. Data reported for Sudan exclude South Sudan unless otherwise noted. Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2015 or data .worldbank.org. The Little Green Data Book 2015 17 Afghanistan Population (millions) 30.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 653 GDP ($ billions) 20.3 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 690 1,483 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 599 1,246 637 Urban population (% of total) 25.9 32.2 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 55 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 400 685 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,049 3,045 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.1 17.2 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.3 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.4 6.1 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.1 13,951 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.4 2.4 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.6 7.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 2.4 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 555 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 26.7 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 605 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.9 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 1.4 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,543 1,186 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 43.0 51.6 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 99 91 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 64 91 69 Rural (% of rural population) 56 89 61 Urban (% of urban population) 90 95 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 29 40 37 Rural (% of rural population) 23 30 33 Urban (% of urban population) 47 61 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 24 32 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 94 100 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 97 57 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –21.1 30.6 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.4 9.1 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 2.8 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 1.2 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 6.4 1.2 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –36.9 19.0 9.2 18 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Albania 27 GDP ($ billions) 12.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,510 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,771 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 55.4 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 17.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,800 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,606 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.2 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.0 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 39 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.5 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.7 –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.7 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.4 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 748 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.6 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,195 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 100.0 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,284 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.9 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 39 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 94 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 97 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 86 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.2 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.3 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.1 7.5 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 19 Algeria Population (millions) 39.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,382 GDP ($ billions) 210.2 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,330 3,456 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,948 2,654 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 69.5 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 23 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,719 .. 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,814 2,561 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.6 2.4 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.6 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.5 6.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 14 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 36 Threatened species, higher plants 17 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 102 4,159 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.5 3.0 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.6 12.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.36 2.7 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,108 1,376 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,091 1,696 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.0 91.7 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.0 5.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.3 3.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 287 656 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 50.9 121.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 61 86 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 84 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 80 83 85 Urban (% of urban population) 86 95 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 88 74 Rural (% of rural population) 88 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 98 93 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 28 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 26 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 46.2 27.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.0 10.0 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 17.6 12.4 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 24.8 8.1 19.4 20 2015 The Little Green Data Book American Samoa Population (thousands) 55 Land area (sq. km) 200 GDP ($ millions) .. Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 5,536 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 4,520 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 87.3 50.9 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 25 48 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 822 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 5,184 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 88.2 29.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.2 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.9 15.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.2 115,605 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 20.7 3.4 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 9.1 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.1 2.2 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 220 137,690 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.52 56,537 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,671 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 4.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,376 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 85 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 63 67 74 Rural (% of rural population) 63 58 62 Urban (% of urban population) 63 76 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 55 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 92 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 20 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 21 Andorra Population (thousands) 79 Land area (sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions) 3.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,110 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 86.2 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 9.8 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.6 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,984 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 22 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 21.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Angola 1,247 GDP ($ billions) 124.2 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,170 1,686 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,212 1,382 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 42.5 36.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 44 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 877 673 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 815 1,433 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.7 27.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.2 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.4 16.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 15 Threatened species, birds 24 Threatened species, fish 40 Threatened species, higher plants 34 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 275 6,652 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.2 1.8 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.07 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 312 27,808 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 673 681 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 58.2 57.6 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 248 535 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 29.1 65.1 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 70.9 20.0 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.6 0.8 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,893 4,120 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.5 3.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 21 81 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 54 64 93 Rural (% of rural population) 34 53 85 Urban (% of urban population) 68 85 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 60 30 74 Rural (% of rural population) 20 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 87 41 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 11 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 67 72 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 167 92 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.4 23.8 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 8.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 26.2 5.7 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.9 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –16.1 6.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 23 Antigua and Barbuda Population (thousands) 90 Land area (sq. km) 440 GDP ($ billions) 1.2 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,050 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 24.6 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 20 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,298 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,000 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.2 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.0 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 8.7 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.78 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 240 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 8.4 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,730 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.9 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 578 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.2 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 15 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 98 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 96 Rural (% of rural population) 91 93 Urban (% of urban population) 91 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 8.0 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 24 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 41.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Argentina 2,737 GDP ($ billions) 609.9 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. a 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 12,522 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 91.5 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 54 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 12,890 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,725 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.6 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.8 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.9 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 38 Threatened species, birds 46 Threatened species, fish 37 Threatened species, higher plants 70 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 874 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.9 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 11.7 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.6 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,967 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.8 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,967 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 69.1 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 24.4 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.5 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,045 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.9 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 95 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 99 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 97 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 4 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.5 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.7 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.6 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.4 5.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 25 Armenia Population (millions) 3.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 10.4 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,800 7,114 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,196 6,243 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 63.0 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 66 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 8.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 9,083 5,070 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,108 3,136 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.9 10.5 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.5 –0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.1 5.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 71 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 16.4 1,036 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.5 –3.9 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.7 2.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 916 2,080 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.3 2.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,755 2,954 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 32.2 65.8 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 33.5 17.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 5.3 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,304 2,710 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 42.9 31.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 39 67 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 88 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 94 47 Rural (% of rural population) 81 90 36 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 23 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.0 18.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.2 8.9 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.6 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.0 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.6 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.2 7.5 17.5 26 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 103 Land area (sq. km) Aruba 180 GDP ($ billions) 2.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 42.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.5 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 15 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.14 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.6 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.71 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 22.8 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 98 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 96 Rural (% of rural population) 98 93 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.5 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 27 Australia Population (millions) 23.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 7,682 GDP ($ billions) 1,560.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 65,400 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 52,458 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 89.2 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.5 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 49,723 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,992 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.2 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.8 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 55 Threatened species, birds 47 Threatened species, fish 106 Threatened species, higher plants 90 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 235 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.6 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 8.2 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 33.2 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 48,960 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 9,910 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,501 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.3 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 10,712 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 89.9 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.6 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 16.9 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 21,272 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.6 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 4 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.2 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.7 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.6 7.7 28 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 8.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Austria 82 GDP ($ billions) 428.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 50,390 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 41,352 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 65.9 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.4 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 32,747 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,073 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 47.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.6 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 13 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.6 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.8 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.2 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,935 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 19.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,388 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 33.3 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 55.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.0 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,486 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.6 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 83 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.6 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.9 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.8 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 29 Azerbaijan Population (millions) 9.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 83 GDP ($ billions) 73.6 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,350 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,106 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 54.1 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 29.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,468 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,694 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.3 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.4 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 10 Threatened species, higher plants 42 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.1 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –15.7 –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –5.6 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,369 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.8 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,705 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 86.8 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.2 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 862 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 147.5 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 84 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 80 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 71 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 88 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 82 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 78 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 86 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 43.3 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.0 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 25.7 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.2 7.5 19.4 30 2015 The Little Green Data Book Bahamas, The Population (thousands) 377 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ billions) 8.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,570 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 20,356 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 82.7 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 29,747 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,368 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 51.4 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 13.7 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 30 Threatened species, higher plants 8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 12.9 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.3 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.41 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,150 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 875 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,073 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.8 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 53 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 98 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 96 Rural (% of rural population) 92 93 Urban (% of urban population) 92 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.6 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.5 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.4 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 31 Bahrain Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (sq. km) 760 GDP ($ billions) 32.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,700 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 14,143 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 88.7 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –3.6 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.8 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.0 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.7 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.4 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 570 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.65 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,353 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 10,018 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 19.3 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8,935.0 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 96 Rural (% of rural population) 99 93 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 49 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.2 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.7 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 25.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.1 7.7 32 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Bangladesh 156.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 130 GDP ($ billions) 150.0 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,010 1,483 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 934 1,246 637 Urban population (% of total) 32.8 32.2 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 55 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 520 685 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,357 3,045 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.0 17.2 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.2 –0.3 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.7 6.1 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 33 Threatened species, birds 28 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 17 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,410 13,951 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.8 2.4 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 10.4 7.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 2.4 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 15,440 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,951 10,343 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 205 555 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 28.2 26.7 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 259 605 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.0 77.9 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.0 13.8 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 1.4 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 671 1,186 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 34.2 51.6 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 91 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 91 69 Rural (% of rural population) 84 89 61 Urban (% of urban population) 86 95 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 57 40 37 Rural (% of rural population) 58 30 33 Urban (% of urban population) 55 61 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 31 32 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 41 57 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.9 30.6 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.0 9.1 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.8 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 1.5 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 1.2 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.2 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 26.8 19.0 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 33 Barbados Population (thousands) 285 Land area (sq. km) 430 GDP ($ billions) 4.2 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,080 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 13,784 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 31.7 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 12,778 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,833 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.4 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.1 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.0 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.1 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.07 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.04 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,451 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.4 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 281 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 126.3 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 8.6 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.9 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.1 7.7 34 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 9.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Belarus 203 GDP ($ billions) 71.7 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,730 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,445 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 75.9 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 9,086 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,009 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.9 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.4 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.3 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 2 Threatened species, higher plants 1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 14.2 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –6.1 –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.9 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,114 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.9 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,628 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.4 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.6 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,930 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 11.7 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 19 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 95 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 11 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 34 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.7 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.1 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.4 7.5 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 35 Belgium Population (millions) 11.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 524.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 46,340 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 37,166 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 97.8 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 64,960 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 9,213 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.5 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.0 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 25.9 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.1 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.9 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 55.7 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,349 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.9 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,021 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 34.9 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.2 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.0 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,073 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 51.8 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.1 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.0 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.3 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.9 7.7 36 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 332 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Belize 23 GDP ($ billions) 1.6 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,510 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,516 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 44.3 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,331 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,616 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 60.2 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.7 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 36.7 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 31 Threatened species, higher plants 33 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 40.2 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.9 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 20.5 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 14.2 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,330 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 958 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 622 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 45,978 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 88 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 94 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 23 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.7 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.4 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.7 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.2 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –5.7 5.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 37 Benin Population (millions) 10.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 113 GDP ($ billions) 8.3 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 790 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 655 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 43.1 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,209 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,433 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 39.6 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.0 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 26.1 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 28 Threatened species, higher plants 15 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 43.1 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.5 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 65.7 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 385 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 56.2 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 84 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.4 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 998 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.3 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 69 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 85 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 14 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 5 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 25 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 6 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 85 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.9 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.1 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.0 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.1 6.7 9.2 38 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 65 Land area (sq. km) Bermuda 50 GDP ($ billions) 5.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 104,610 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 15 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 38,510 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 20.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.8 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 16 Threatened species, higher plants 5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.46 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.0 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.0 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 370 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.18 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.3 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.7 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 39 Bhutan Population (thousands) 754 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 38 GDP ($ billions) 1.8 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,330 1,483 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,761 1,246 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 37.1 32.2 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 14 55 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 6.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 629 685 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,942 3,045 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 85.8 17.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.3 –0.3 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.4 6.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 26 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 12 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.07 13,951 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –15.6 2.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.6 7.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 2.4 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 359 555 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 26.7 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 605 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 1.4 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 103,456 1,186 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.4 51.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 97 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 47 40 47 Rural (% of rural population) 31 30 36 Urban (% of urban population) 75 61 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 32 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 95 100 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 57 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.3 30.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.6 9.1 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 2.8 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 16.6 1.2 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.2 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.1 19.0 17.5 40 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Bolivia 1,083 GDP ($ billions) 30.6 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,550 9,542 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,069 7,878 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 67.7 79.0 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 38 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 658 4,576 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,977 4,161 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.2 48.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.8 21.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 20 Threatened species, birds 45 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 98 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.2 11,967 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.2 –0.1 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.3 10.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 14.3 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 14,860 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 39,988 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 746 1,292 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 24.6 16.0 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 623 1,985 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 64.1 37.3 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 32.5 55.1 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 2.7 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 28,441 22,124 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 2.2 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 94 88 Rural (% of rural population) 72 82 84 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 46 81 47 Rural (% of rural population) 24 62 36 Urban (% of urban population) 58 86 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 8 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 17 33 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 20 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 26 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 39 18 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.5 17.3 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.7 11.2 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.5 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 10.5 3.8 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 0.9 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.9 5.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Population (millions) 3.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 51 GDP ($ billions) 17.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,780 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 39.5 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,027 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.8 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.5 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 31 Threatened species, higher plants 1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.2 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 99.2 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,848 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.6 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,189 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.3 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 28.7 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.1 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,271 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.9 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 92 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 12 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 78 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.1 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.6 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.8 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.3 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.5 19.4 42 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Botswana 567 GDP ($ billions) 14.8 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,770 1,686 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,861 1,382 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 56.9 36.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 44 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 768 673 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 300 1,433 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.6 27.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.2 16.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 2 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.43 6,652 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.7 1.8 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,115 681 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 22.3 57.6 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,603 535 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 65.1 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 20.0 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.7 0.8 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,187 4,120 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.1 3.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 41 81 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 64 93 Rural (% of rural population) 93 53 85 Urban (% of urban population) 99 85 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 64 30 74 Rural (% of rural population) 42 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 78 41 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 72 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 47 92 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 39.7 23.8 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.8 8.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.3 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 5.7 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 1.6 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 29.2 6.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 43 Brazil Population (millions) 200.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8,358 GDP ($ billions) 2,245.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Carribean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,690 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,233 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 85.2 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,564 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,826 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 61.6 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 26.3 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 82 Threatened species, birds 142 Threatened species, fish 84 Threatened species, higher plants 509 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,239 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.9 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 14.6 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.3 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,200 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 12,999 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,371 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 28.9 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,438 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 9.8 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 80.6 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.2 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 28,254 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.3 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 60 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 85 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 81 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 49 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 87 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 14 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.9 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.3 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.2 5.7 19.4 44 2015 The Little Green Data Book Brunei Darussalam Population (thousands) 418 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.3 GDP ($ billions) 16.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,590 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 16,779 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 76.6 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.9 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 83,867 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,028 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 71.4 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 44.0 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 33 Threatened species, birds 22 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 104 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.8 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.3 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 23.9 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.4 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 210 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 173 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 9,427 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,507 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.9 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 22.9 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 20,345 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.1 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 1 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 50.6 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 29.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 45 Bulgaria Population (millions) 7.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 109 GDP ($ billions) 54.5 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,360 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,074 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 73.3 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 16,606 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,431 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.2 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.5 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 36.6 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 21.8 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –6.8 –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.9 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.7 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,615 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.1 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,864 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 59.5 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.8 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.0 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,891 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 29.1 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 16 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.2 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.3 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.4 7.5 19.4 46 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Burkina Faso 16.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 274 GDP ($ billions) 12.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 750 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 600 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 28.2 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 205 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,157 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 20.2 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.0 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.2 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 4 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 20.8 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.8 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 18.9 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 738 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.5 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 51 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 76 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 98 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 19 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 50 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 27 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 98 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.0 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.6 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 9.8 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.7 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 3.9 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.0 6.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 47 Burundi Population (millions) 10.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 26 GDP ($ billions) 2.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 159 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 11.5 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 128 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,176 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.6 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.4 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.9 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 17 Threatened species, higher plants 6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13.4 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.2 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.7 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 990 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.9 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 75 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 73 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 92 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 48 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 48 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 43 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 11 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 95 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 17 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 25 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 83 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.8 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.4 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.7 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 26.2 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.4 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –18.3 6.7 9.2 48 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 499 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cabo Verde 4.0 GDP ($ billions) 1.9 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,620 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,146 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 64.1 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 182 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 21.3 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.4 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.5 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 23 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 23.6 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.7 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.00 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 213 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 601 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.3 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 86 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 91 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 65 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 47 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 75 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 43 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.9 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.3 6.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 49 Cambodia Population (millions) 15.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 177 GDP ($ billions) 15.2 East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 950 5,536 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 830 4,520 637 Urban population (% of total) 20.3 50.9 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 48 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 527 822 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,117 5,184 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 55.7 29.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.3 –0.4 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 26.2 15.1 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 36 Threatened species, birds 24 Threatened species, fish 40 Threatened species, higher plants 32 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 729 115,605 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 8.2 3.4 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.2 9.1 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.48 2.2 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 137,690 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 728 56,537 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 365 1,671 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 71.0 10.1 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 164 2,582 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.5 80.9 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.3 14.5 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 4.9 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,968 4,376 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 10.9 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 73 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 71 91 69 Rural (% of rural population) 66 85 61 Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 67 37 Rural (% of rural population) 26 58 33 Urban (% of urban population) 82 76 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 55 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 92 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 .. 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 38 20 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.0 47.9 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.8 16.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 2.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 0.1 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.4 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –4.1 28.4 9.2 50 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 22.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cameroon 473 GDP ($ billions) 29.6 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,290 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,077 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 53.3 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,214 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,652 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 41.2 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.0 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.0 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 38 Threatened species, birds 21 Threatened species, fish 111 Threatened species, higher plants 380 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 154 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.4 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.4 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.5 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,962 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 318 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 67.6 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 256 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 25.6 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 73.3 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 12,267 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.4 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 52 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 94 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 45 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 27 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 62 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 93 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 21 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 95 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.4 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.3 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.8 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –6.0 6.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 51 Canada Population (millions) 35.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,094 GDP ($ billions) 1,826.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 52,210 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 41,024 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 81.5 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.2 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,170 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.6 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 36 Threatened species, higher plants 5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,039 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.8 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.4 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,333 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.9 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 16,473 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 22.8 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 59.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 14.7 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 81,071 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 99 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 10 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 42 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.3 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.5 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.1 7.7 52 2015 The Little Green Data Book Cayman Islands Population (thousands) 58 Land area (sq. km) 240 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.9 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.7 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 20 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.13 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –7.9 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 230 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 78.3 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.6 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 53 Central African Republic Population (millions) 4.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 623 GDP ($ billions) 1.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 305 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 39.5 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 8 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 863 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,716 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.2 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.1 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.0 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 18 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 30.2 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.7 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.4 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 30,543 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 68 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 54 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 90 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 22 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 44 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 139 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.2 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.2 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 9.2 54 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 12.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Chad 1,259 GDP ($ billions) 13.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,030 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 819 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 22.2 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,007 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 9.0 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.7 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.6 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 13 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 1 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 120 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.4 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,170 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.9 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 51 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 45 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 72 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 12 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 31 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 33 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 148 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.5 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.0 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 11.6 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 5.8 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 55 Channel Islands Population (thousands) 162 Land area (sq. km) 190 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 31.3 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 50 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 3.2 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 4.2 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) .. 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 9.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals .. Threatened species, birds .. Threatened species, fish .. Threatened species, higher plants .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.8 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.2 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.3 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.02 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 56 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 17.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Chile 744 GDP ($ billions) 277.2 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,230 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,883 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 89.2 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.6 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 6,671 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,913 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 21.9 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.6 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 20 Threatened species, birds 29 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 72 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,335 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.6 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.4 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.7 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,940 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.6 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,568 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.4 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 32.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.2 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 50,228 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.0 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 99 Rural (% of rural population) 91 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 96 Rural (% of rural population) 89 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 37 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.3 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.0 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 8.3 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.2 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 57 China Population (millions) 1,357.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,388 GDP ($ billions) 9,240.3 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,560 5,536 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,318 4,520 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 53.2 50.9 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 48 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 785 822 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,891 5,184 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.6 29.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.6 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.7 15.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 73 Threatened species, birds 79 Threatened species, fish 122 Threatened species, higher plants 501 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 73,671 115,605 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.0 3.4 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 8.9 9.1 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.6 2.2 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,510 137,690 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 208 56,537 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,029 1,671 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.9 10.1 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,298 2,582 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 80.9 80.9 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 14.8 14.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.2 4.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,072 4,376 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.7 10.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 73 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 85 85 85 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 65 67 74 Rural (% of rural population) 56 58 62 Urban (% of urban population) 74 76 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 73 55 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 92 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 20 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 51.5 47.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.2 16.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 2.2 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 1.2 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 30.3 28.4 19.4 58 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 48.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Colombia 1,110 GDP ($ billions) 378.4 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,590 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,004 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 75.9 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,812 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,314 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 54.3 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.2 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.2 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 54 Threatened species, birds 106 Threatened species, fish 54 Threatened species, higher plants 245 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 149 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.0 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.8 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.1 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 940 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,079 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 671 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 11.5 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,123 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 17.6 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 79.1 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.6 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 46,977 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.5 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 74 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 66 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 85 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 3 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.5 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.8 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.0 5.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 59 Comoros Population (thousands) 735 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.9 GDP ($ millions) 598.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 840 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 673 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 28.1 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 85 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 806 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,443 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.2 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 9.3 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.1 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 10.4 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.3 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.2 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 430 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.2 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 65 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,633 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 47 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 97 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 91 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 35 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 30 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 50 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.1 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.4 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.5 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –4.0 6.7 9.2 60 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Congo, Dem. Rep. 67.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,267 GDP ($ billions) 32.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 430 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 273 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 41.5 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 229 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 767 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 67.7 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.2 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.0 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 31 Threatened species, birds 35 Threatened species, fish 84 Threatened species, higher plants 103 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 230 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.5 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.3 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.4 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 193 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 383 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 93.1 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 105 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.4 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.6 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 13,331 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 11 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 47 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 29 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 79 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 31 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 33 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 29 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 96 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 119 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.4 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.6 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 10.6 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 18.4 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.6 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –28.2 6.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 61 Congo, Rep. Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 342 GDP ($ billions) 14.1 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,590 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 509 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 64.5 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 776 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 889 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 65.6 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 30.4 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 47 Threatened species, higher plants 38 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 73.2 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.8 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.0 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 33.5 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 16.7 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 393 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 46.9 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 172 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 38.8 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 61.2 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 49,914 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.0 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 75 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 39 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 96 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 15 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 20 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 19 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 49 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 25.6 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 53.9 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 17.5 62 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Costa Rica 51 GDP ($ billions) 49.6 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,550 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,309 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 75.0 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 37 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 6,556 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,639 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 51.9 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.9 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 26.9 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 22 Threatened species, fish 50 Threatened species, higher plants 131 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 55.2 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.3 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 18.8 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.5 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 970 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 418 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 983 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.8 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,844 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 8.8 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 72.6 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 23,193 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.1 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 57 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 91 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 92 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 95 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 36 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.4 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.8 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.2 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.8 5.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 63 Côte d’Ivoire Population (millions) 20.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 318 GDP ($ billions) 31.1 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,450 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,390 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 52.8 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 65 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,125 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.7 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.2 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.9 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 23 Threatened species, birds 18 Threatened species, fish 47 Threatened species, higher plants 106 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 81.7 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.9 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 17.0 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.0 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 99.6 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 579 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 77.6 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 212 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 69.9 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 29.1 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,782 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.0 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 38 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 80 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 68 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 92 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 22 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 10 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 33 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 95 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 100 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.4 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 0.4 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.0 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.1 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.2 6.7 17.5 64 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Croatia 56 GDP ($ billions) 57.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,420 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,803 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 58.4 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.1 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 22,862 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,451 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.4 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.1 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 60 Threatened species, higher plants 7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 87.7 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.5 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,971 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.6 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,901 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 55.6 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 42.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.7 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,859 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.7 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 99 Rural (% of rural population) 97 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 96 Rural (% of rural population) 98 93 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.8 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.0 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.7 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 65 Cuba Population (millions) 11.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 106 GDP ($ billions) 68.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,890 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,293 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 76.9 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,188 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,922 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.6 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.7 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.4 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 14 Threatened species, birds 17 Threatened species, fish 35 Threatened species, higher plants 176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 51.7 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –8.7 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.8 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.6 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,020 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,944 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 992 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.2 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,327 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 54.9 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.6 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.4 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,384 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 11.6 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 56 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 87 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 88 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 94 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 7 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 44 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.0 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 12.9 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.7 19.4 66 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 154 Land area (sq. km) Curaçao 444 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 89.5 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) .. 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 25.1 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 67 Cyprus Population (millions) 1.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9.2 GDP ($ billions) 21.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,210 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 16,517 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 67.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 14 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 21.9 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 11,380 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,710 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 18.8 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 40.9 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 18 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.5 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.3 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 17.7 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,121 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,271 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.4 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.0 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 684 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 23.6 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 8.1 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.2 7.7 68 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Czech Republic 10.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 77 GDP ($ billions) 208.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,970 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 14,029 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 73.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 7,175 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,254 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.5 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.4 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 2 Threatened species, higher plants 10 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 23.1 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,138 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.5 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,289 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 59.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.3 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.7 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,251 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.9 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.4 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 23.8 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.8 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 69 Denmark Population (millions) 5.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 42 GDP ($ billions) 335.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 61,670 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 50,325 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 87.3 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 62 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 12.1 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 39,465 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,311 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.9 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 15 Threatened species, higher plants 1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 740 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.4 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.4 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 29.2 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,231 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 19.7 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,122 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 57.5 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.3 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,069 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 11.0 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 12 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 67 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.1 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.1 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.2 7.7 70 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 873 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Djibouti 23 GDP ($ billions) 1.5 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 3,456 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 2,654 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 77.2 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 73 23 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. .. 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,000 2,561 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.2 2.4 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.1 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.1 6.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 17 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.7 4,159 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.0 3.0 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 12.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.49 2.7 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 450 5,700 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.0 217 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 179 1,376 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 0.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,696 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 91.7 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 5.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 3.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 344 656 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.3 121.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 16 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 90 88 Rural (% of rural population) 66 83 84 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 61 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 22 80 36 Urban (% of urban population) 73 93 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 27 28 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 70 26 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 27.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.0 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 12.4 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 8.1 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 71 Dominica Population (thousands) 72 Land area (sq. km) 750 GDP ($ millions) 516.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,930 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,696 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 69.0 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 8,127 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,667 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 58.8 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.6 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.7 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 11 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.49 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.2 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.13 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.10 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 607 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 92 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 81 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 84 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 80 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –2.0 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.0 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.7 19.4 72 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Dominican Republic 10.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 61.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,770 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,294 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 77.1 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 52 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 7,802 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,555 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.8 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.6 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 22 Threatened species, higher plants 40 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 14.2 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.7 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.8 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 28.6 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 610 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 212 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 727 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.9 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 893 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 88.0 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.8 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.1 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,019 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 26.1 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 72 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 77 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 83 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 82 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 74 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 86 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 9 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 88 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.7 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.4 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.0 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.5 5.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 73 Ecuador Population (millions) 15.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 248 GDP ($ billions) 94.5 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,760 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,625 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 63.3 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 12.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,184 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,547 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.1 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.8 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.7 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 45 Threatened species, birds 88 Threatened species, fish 52 Threatened species, higher plants 1,842 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 851 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.6 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.5 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 75.7 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,583 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 849 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.4 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,192 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 42.3 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 54.9 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.2 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 28,111 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.2 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 81 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 86 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 75 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 92 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 76 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 87 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 17 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.6 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 8.1 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.5 5.7 19.4 74 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Egypt, Arab Rep. 82.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 995 GDP ($ billions) 272.0 Middle Lower East & N. middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,140 3,456 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,777 2,654 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 43.0 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 4 23 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,470 .. 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,253 2,561 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 2.4 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.7 –0.1 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.2 6.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 18 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 40 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,454 4,159 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.5 3.0 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 13.3 12.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.1 2.7 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,800 5,700 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 5.1 217 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 978 1,376 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.1 0.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,743 1,696 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 90.5 91.7 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.3 5.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.6 3.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 22 656 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3,794.4 121.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 90 88 Rural (% of rural population) 99 83 84 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 94 80 36 Urban (% of urban population) 98 93 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 33 28 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 26 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.4 27.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.0 10.0 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.1 12.4 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.3 8.1 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 75 El Salvador Population (millions) 6.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 21 GDP ($ billions) 24.3 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,720 9,542 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,416 7,878 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 65.8 79.0 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 76 38 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,489 4,576 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,713 4,161 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 13.4 48.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.5 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.4 21.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 14 Threatened species, higher plants 29 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 56.7 11,967 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 8.3 –0.1 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.4 10.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.5 14.3 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 14,860 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 252 39,988 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 690 1,292 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.4 16.0 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 830 1,985 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 34.1 37.3 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 34.6 55.1 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 2.7 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,465 22,124 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 13.6 2.2 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 94 88 Rural (% of rural population) 81 82 84 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 71 81 47 Rural (% of rural population) 53 62 36 Urban (% of urban population) 80 86 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 8 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 33 33 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 18 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.4 17.3 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.8 11.2 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 0.4 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.7 5.7 17.5 76 2015 The Little Green Data Book Equatorial Guinea Population (thousands) 757 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 15.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,320 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,985 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 39.6 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 10 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 57.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.7 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.6 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 19 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 29 Threatened species, higher plants 69 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.6 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.7 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.8 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 253 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,750 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.7 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 34,345 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 7 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 26 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 96 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.0 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.0 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 62.9 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 77 Eritrea Population (millions) 6.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 101 GDP ($ billions) 3.4 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 398 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 21.8 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 106 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 602 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 15.1 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.3 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.0 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.0 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,260 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 102 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 129 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 78.2 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 49 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.4 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 442 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 20.8 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 60 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 57 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 74 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 4 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 52 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 25 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 50 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.5 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.7 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 14.4 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.2 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 9.2 78 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Estonia 42 GDP ($ billions) 24.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,780 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 15,226 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 67.7 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 12,533 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,123 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 51.8 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.9 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 70.4 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –6.7 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.1 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 27.5 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,221 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.2 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,314 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 90.2 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.2 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 13.8 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,643 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.1 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 96 Rural (% of rural population) 94 93 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 7 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.0 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.6 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.2 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 79 Ethiopia Population (millions) 94.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,000 GDP ($ billions) 47.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 393 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 18.6 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 36 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 269 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,217 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.0 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.1 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 33 Threatened species, birds 25 Threatened species, fish 14 Threatened species, higher plants 40 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 38.4 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.3 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.0 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 381 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 92.9 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 52 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.6 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.0 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,296 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.6 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 52 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 42 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 97 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 24 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 23 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 27 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 91 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 64 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.2 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.9 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 13.2 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.7 6.7 9.2 80 2015 The Little Green Data Book Faeroe Islands Population (thousands) 49 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.4 GDP ($ billions) 2.2 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 41.5 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 2 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.7 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 8 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 563 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.5 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.9 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.76 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 14.3 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.0 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 81 Fiji Population (thousands) 881 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ billions) 3.9 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,370 5,536 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,795 4,520 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 53.0 50.9 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 48 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,933 822 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,443 5,184 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 55.9 29.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.3 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.3 15.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 65 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 43.7 115,605 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.1 3.4 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –9.3 9.1 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.2 2.2 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 10,020 137,690 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 425 56,537 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 627 1,671 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 4.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 32,404 4,376 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 10.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 61 73 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 92 85 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 87 67 74 Rural (% of rural population) 82 58 62 Urban (% of urban population) 92 76 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 55 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 92 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 20 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.5 47.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.8 16.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 1.2 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.3 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 19.4 82 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Finland 304 GDP ($ billions) 267.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 48,820 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 39,735 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 84.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 8 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.6 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 61,591 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,701 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 72.9 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.1 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 6 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 181 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.0 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.3 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.6 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,449 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 23.3 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,738 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 27.4 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.9 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.5 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 19,673 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.6 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.2 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.3 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.2 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 83 France Population (millions) 65.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 548 GDP ($ billions) 2,806.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,520 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 35,590 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 79.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.1 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 75,052 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,074 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 29.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 24.7 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 46 Threatened species, higher plants 32 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 765 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.9 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.0 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 58.5 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,869 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.6 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,292 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 8.5 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.6 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,033 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 15.8 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 12 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 88 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.8 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.8 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.8 7.7 84 2015 The Little Green Data Book French Polynesia Population (thousands) 277 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 3.7 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 56.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 45.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –4.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.0 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 0 Threatened species, birds 30 Threatened species, fish 27 Threatened species, higher plants 47 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 16.7 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.4 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 16.0 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.08 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,000 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.3 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 96 Rural (% of rural population) 97 93 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 85 Gabon Population (millions) 1.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 258 GDP ($ billions) 19.3 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,650 1,686 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,944 1,382 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 86.7 36.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 20 44 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,577 673 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,691 1,433 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 85.4 27.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 19.9 16.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 15 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 62 Threatened species, higher plants 121 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 33.2 6,652 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.2 1.8 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 21.0 15.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.9 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,598 27,808 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,253 681 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 57.7 57.6 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 907 535 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 53.8 65.1 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 45.7 20.0 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 0.8 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 98,103 4,120 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 29 81 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 64 93 Rural (% of rural population) 63 53 85 Urban (% of urban population) 97 85 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 41 30 74 Rural (% of rural population) 32 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 43 41 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 26 72 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 56 92 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.8 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.5 8.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 28.0 5.7 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 19.4 86 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Gambia, The 10 GDP ($ millions) 903.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 500 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 359 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 58.4 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 267 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 958 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 47.8 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.4 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.8 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 24 Threatened species, higher plants 5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 43.8 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.1 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.6 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.4 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 581 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 87 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,622 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.0 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 43 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 84 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 94 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 60 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 55 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 64 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 36 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 74 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.6 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.5 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 6.8 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.4 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.1 6.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 87 Georgia Population (millions) 4.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 69 GDP ($ billions) 16.1 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,560 7,114 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,130 6,243 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 53.3 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 66 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,861 5,070 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,206 3,136 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 39.4 10.5 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.1 –0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.9 5.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 10 Threatened species, higher plants 60 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 12.7 1,036 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –9.0 –3.9 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.3 2.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.89 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 790 2,080 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.9 2.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,918 2,954 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 22.6 65.8 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 77.4 17.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 5.3 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 12,955 2,710 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.1 31.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 58 67 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 95 88 Rural (% of rural population) 97 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 94 47 Rural (% of rural population) 91 90 36 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 12 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 66 91 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 23 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.4 18.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.7 8.9 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 3.6 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.6 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.6 7.5 17.5 88 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 80.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Germany 349 GDP ($ billions) 3,730.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 47,250 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 39,147 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 74.9 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 48 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.2 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 35,218 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,318 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.8 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 48.0 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 23 Threatened species, higher plants 17 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 255 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.5 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.0 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 64.5 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,811 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.5 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,081 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.1 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.9 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.1 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,327 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 30.2 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.2 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.1 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 89 Ghana Population (millions) 25.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 228 GDP ($ billions) 48.1 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,770 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,483 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 52.7 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 69 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,689 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 20.7 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 2.1 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.1 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 16 Threatened species, fish 44 Threatened species, higher plants 117 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 330 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.2 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 21.6 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.7 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 137 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 425 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 57.0 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 344 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 24.3 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 67.5 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,170 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.2 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 81 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 93 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 14 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 8 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 20 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 20 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.2 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.7 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.2 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.9 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.9 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 5.7 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.8 6.7 17.5 90 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 11.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Greece 129 GDP ($ billions) 242.2 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,690 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 17,792 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 77.3 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 63 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 16.9 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 13,263 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,481 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 30.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.8 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 34.7 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 76 Threatened species, higher plants 58 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 209 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.1 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.6 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.3 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,402 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.7 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,380 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 86.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.8 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.8 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,260 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.3 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 96 Rural (% of rural population) 98 93 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.2 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.9 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –5.1 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 91 Greenland Population (thousands) 56 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 410b GDP ($ billions) 1.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,020 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 85.6 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 41.1 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 275 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.9 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 36.7 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.1 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 92 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 106 Land area (sq. km) Grenada 340 GDP ($ millions) 835.6 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Carbbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,490 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 35.6 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 32 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,881 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,000 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.0 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.2 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.7 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.5 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.09 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 150 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 782 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.5 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 95 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 98 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 98 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –6.1 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 93 Guam Population (thousands) 165 Land area (sq. km) 540 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 94.4 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,500 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 47.9 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 26.8 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.94 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.5 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.8 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.6 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 220 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.97 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 96 Rural (% of rural population) 90 93 Urban (% of urban population) 90 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 94 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 15.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Guatemala 107 GDP ($ billions) 53.8 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,340 9,542 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,062 7,878 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 50.7 79.0 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 41 38 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,983 4,576 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,018 4,161 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.1 48.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.4 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 30.9 21.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 17 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 26 Threatened species, higher plants 94 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 38.8 11,967 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.1 –0.1 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 13.6 10.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.0 14.3 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 14,860 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 177 39,988 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 691 1,292 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 62.2 16.0 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 539 1,985 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 33.1 37.3 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 39.8 55.1 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 2.7 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,060 22,124 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.0 2.2 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 57 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 94 88 Rural (% of rural population) 89 82 84 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 81 47 Rural (% of rural population) 72 62 36 Urban (% of urban population) 88 86 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 12 8 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 84 33 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 31 18 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.0 17.3 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.3 11.2 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 3.8 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 0.4 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.1 5.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 95 Guinea Population (millions) 11.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 246 GDP ($ billions) 6.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 334 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 36.2 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 221 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,512 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 26.3 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.1 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 21 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 67 Threatened species, higher plants 32 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 127 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.7 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 27.1 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.2 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,033 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 19,242 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.2 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 53 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 75 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 65 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 92 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 19 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 11 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 33 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 101 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –18.4 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.8 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 7.1 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 14.2 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.8 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –49.9 6.7 9.2 96 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Guinea-Bissau 1.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ millions) 960.8 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 590 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 434 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 47.7 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 645 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,330 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 71.2 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.3 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 31 Threatened species, higher plants 5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.6 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.8 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 45.9 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,982 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 64 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,388 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.1 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 56 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 96 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 20 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 9 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 34 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 31 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 124 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.9 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 15.0 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.1 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 97 Guyana Population (thousands) 800 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 197 GDP ($ billions) 3.0 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,750 9,542 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,371 7,878 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 28.4 79.0 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 38 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,712 4,576 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,927 4,161 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 77.2 48.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.2 21.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 28 Threatened species, higher plants 23 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 49.5 11,967 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.3 –0.1 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.7 10.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 14.3 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 14,860 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 396 39,988 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 649 1,292 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.0 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,985 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.3 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.1 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.2 2.7 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 301,396 22,124 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.6 2.2 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 88 Rural (% of rural population) 98 82 84 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 84 81 47 Rural (% of rural population) 82 62 36 Urban (% of urban population) 88 86 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 8 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 22 33 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 10 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 37 18 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.1 17.3 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2.3 11.2 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 8.4 0.9 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.1 5.7 17.5 98 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Haiti 28 GDP ($ billions) 8.5 Latin America & Low- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 810 9,542 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 781 7,878 637 Urban population (% of total) 56.2 79.0 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 38 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,576 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,060 4,161 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.6 48.2 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.8 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.3 21.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 38 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 17.2 11,967 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.2 –0.1 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 10.0 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 14.3 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 450 14,860 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 136 39,988 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 320 1,292 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 77.7 16.0 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 32 1,985 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 79.0 37.3 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.7 55.1 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 2.7 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,261 22,124 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.2 2.2 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 78 71 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 62 94 69 Rural (% of rural population) 48 82 61 Urban (% of urban population) 75 97 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 24 81 37 Rural (% of rural population) 16 62 33 Urban (% of urban population) 31 86 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 11 8 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 81 33 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 21 .. 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 73 18 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.9 17.3 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.5 11.2 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.5 5.1 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 0.4 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.5 5.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 99 Honduras Population (millions) 8.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 112 GDP ($ billions) 18.6 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,180 9,542 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,953 7,878 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 53.5 79.0 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 38 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,571 4,576 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,634 4,161 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 44.3 48.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 2.1 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.1 21.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 30 Threatened species, higher plants 119 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 79.0 11,967 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.7 –0.1 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 14.1 10.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.7 14.3 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 810 14,860 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 628 39,988 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 609 1,292 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 43.7 16.0 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 708 1,985 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 56.5 37.3 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 39.5 55.1 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.1 2.7 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,196 22,124 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 2.2 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 73 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 94 88 Rural (% of rural population) 82 82 84 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 81 47 Rural (% of rural population) 74 62 36 Urban (% of urban population) 85 86 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 7 8 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 40 33 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 18 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.4 17.3 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.4 11.2 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.9 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 0.4 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.6 5.7 17.5 100 2015 The Little Green Data Book Hong Kong SAR, China Population (millions) 7.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.1 GDP ($ billions) 274.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,420 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 5 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) .. 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 41.9 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 19 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 174 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.2 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.3 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,106 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.4 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,949 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.2 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.1 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 101 Hungary Population (millions) 9.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 91 GDP ($ billions) 133.4 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,260 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,642 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 70.3 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 11,505 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,813 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.6 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.6 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.1 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 21.4 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.9 –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.7 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,503 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.2 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,895 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 48.5 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.6 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 606 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 93.1 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 5 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.6 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.3 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.0 7.5 19.4 102 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 324 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Iceland 100 GDP ($ billions) 15.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 46,290 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 38,683 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 93.9 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 72,561 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –5.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 19.9 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,391 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.4 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.1 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.9 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 17,964 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 52,374 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 72.7 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.2 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 525,074 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 42 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 19 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.8 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.8 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.6 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.2 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 103 India Population (millions) 1,252.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,973 GDP ($ billions) 1,875.1 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,570 1,483 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,286 1,246 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 32.0 32.2 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 55 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 35.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 688 685 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,962 3,045 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 23.1 17.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.5 –0.3 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.2 6.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 94 Threatened species, birds 73 Threatened species, fish 213 Threatened species, higher plants 332 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9,199 13,951 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.1 2.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.7 7.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.6 2.4 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,790 15,440 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,326 10,343 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 614 555 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 24.7 26.7 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 684 605 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 79.4 77.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.4 13.8 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 1.4 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,155 1,186 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 52.6 51.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 91 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 36 40 47 Rural (% of rural population) 25 30 36 Urban (% of urban population) 60 61 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 32 32 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 53 57 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.2 30.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.9 9.1 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 2.8 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 1.5 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 1.2 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.2 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.8 19.0 17.5 104 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 249.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Indonesia 1,812 GDP ($ billions) 868.3 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,580 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,064 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 52.3 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,018 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,085 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 51.4 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.7 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 184 Threatened species, birds 113 Threatened species, fish 145 Threatened species, higher plants 408 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 19,267 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.7 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 14.4 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.8 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 51,020 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 31,894 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 857 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 25.4 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 680 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 87.9 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.8 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,080 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.6 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 76 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 59 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 46 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 71 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 80 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.9 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.2 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.0 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 22.9 28.4 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 105 Iran, Islamic Rep. Population (millions) 77.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,629 GDP ($ billions) 368.9 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,780 3,456 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,471 2,654 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 72.3 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 23 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 19.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. .. 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,346 2,561 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.8 2.4 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.2 6.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 17 Threatened species, birds 17 Threatened species, fish 37 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 885 4,159 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.7 3.0 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 11.4 12.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.2 2.7 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 5,700 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 192 217 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,813 1,376 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,649 1,696 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 94.7 91.7 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.0 5.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.7 3.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,659 656 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 72.6 121.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 86 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 92 83 85 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 89 88 74 Rural (% of rural population) 82 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 93 93 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 30 28 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 26 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 27.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 10.0 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 16.9 12.4 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.4 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 8.1 19.4 106 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 33.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Iraq 434 GDP ($ billions) 229.3 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,720 3,456 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,614 2,654 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 69.3 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 18 23 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 7,008 .. 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,197 2,561 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.9 2.4 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.4 6.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 14 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 17 Threatened species, higher plants 1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 70.9 4,159 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.1 3.0 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.9 12.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.00 2.7 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,266 1,376 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,343 1,696 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.9 91.7 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.6 5.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.7 3.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,053 656 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 187.5 121.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 86 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 69 83 85 Urban (% of urban population) 94 95 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 88 74 Rural (% of rural population) 82 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 86 93 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 30 28 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34 26 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.3 27.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 10.0 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 19.5 12.4 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.6 8.1 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 107 Ireland Population (millions) 4.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 69 GDP ($ billions) 232.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,090 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 37,364 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 62.7 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 66 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 7,881 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,803 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 310 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.5 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.1 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.2 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,888 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.9 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,701 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 72.3 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.6 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.8 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 10,658 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 96 Rural (% of rural population) 98 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 9 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 30 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.4 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.9 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.1 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.2 7.7 108 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 86 Land area (sq. km) Isle of Man 570 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 52.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 67 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 2 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.7 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.5 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 109 Israel Population (millions) 8.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 22 GDP ($ billions) 290.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 33,930 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 30,505 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 92.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 31.8 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,797 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.4 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 15 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 37 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 25.0 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.8 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.8 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.45 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) <10 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,994 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,926 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.4 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.3 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 93 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 260.5 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 58 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 26 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.4 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.9 7.7 110 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 60.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Italy 294 GDP ($ billions) 2,149.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 35,620 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 29,009 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 68.7 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 16.9 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 50,466 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,229 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.6 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.6 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 47 Threatened species, higher plants 66 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 341 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.2 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.2 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 19.9 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,819 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.1 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,515 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.4 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 15.2 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.9 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,030 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 24.9 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 44 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.0 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.5 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.2 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 111 Jamaica Population (millions) 2.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11 GDP ($ billions) 14.4 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,220 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,601 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 54.3 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 41 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,659 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,204 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.0 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.1 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.9 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 22 Threatened species, higher plants 212 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 25.8 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.7 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –5.9 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.6 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,240 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 97.5 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,135 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.2 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,553 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.8 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.0 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.7 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,464 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.9 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 75 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 89 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 82 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 78 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 12 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 69 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 8.9 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.1 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.3 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.2 5.7 19.4 112 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 127.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Japan 365 GDP ($ billions) 4,919.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 46,330 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 31,635 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 92.5 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 34.7 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 46,045 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,105 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 68.6 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.5 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 27 Threatened species, birds 35 Threatened species, fish 67 Threatened species, higher plants 20 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,769 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.1 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.2 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.6 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,900 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7.4 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,610 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.3 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,848 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 72.9 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.1 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,377 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 20.9 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 63 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.0 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.0 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.9 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 113 Jordan Population (millions) 6.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 89 GDP ($ billions) 33.7 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,950 3,456 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,674 2,654 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 83.2 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 23 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,424 .. 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,678 2,561 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.1 2.4 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.9 6.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 13 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.2 4,159 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.5 3.0 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 10.5 12.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 30.0 2.7 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 5,700 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,143 1,376 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,289 1,696 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.5 91.7 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.4 5.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.4 3.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 106 656 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 138.0 121.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 86 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 91 83 85 Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 88 74 Rural (% of rural population) 98 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 98 93 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 29 28 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 26 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.2 27.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 10.0 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 12.4 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.4 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.0 8.1 19.4 114 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 17.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Kazakhstan 2,700 GDP ($ billions) 231.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,550 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,478 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 53.4 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 77 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,973 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,164 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.2 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.2 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.3 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 17 Threatened species, fish 15 Threatened species, higher plants 15 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 35.5 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.4 –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –10.1 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,717 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,893 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 90.9 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.1 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 15.2 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,777 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 32.9 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 86 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 98 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 56 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.8 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.1 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 13.9 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.1 7.5 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 115 Kenya Population (millions) 44.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 569 GDP ($ billions) 55.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,160 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,122 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 24.8 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 48 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 390 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,727 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.1 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.3 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.6 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 29 Threatened species, birds 33 Threatened species, fish 69 Threatened species, higher plants 187 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 187 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.9 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 13.7 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.5 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 630 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 610 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 480 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 72.4 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 155 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 32.7 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 44.0 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 467 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 13.2 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 62 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 55 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 82 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 29 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 31 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 18 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 71 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.3 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.1 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.1 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.4 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.6 6.7 9.2 116 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 102 Land area (sq. km) Kiribati 810 GDP ($ millions) 169.0 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,620 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,352 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 44.1 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,382 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 15.0 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.0 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 95.6 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.6 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.5 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 20.2 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,940 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2.6 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 118 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 67 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 51 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 87 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 31 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 51 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 58 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.7 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 117 Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. Population (millions) 24.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 120 GDP ($ billions) .. East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 5,536 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 4,520 637 Urban population (% of total) 60.6 50.9 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 22 48 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 822 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,006 5,184 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 45.0 29.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 2.0 –0.4 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.3 15.1 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 23 Threatened species, fish 14 Threatened species, higher plants 8 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 723 115,605 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.4 3.4 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.5 9.1 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.11 2.2 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 137,690 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 56,537 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 773 1,671 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.6 10.1 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 739 2,582 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 39.0 80.9 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 61.0 14.5 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.9 4.9 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,691 4,376 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.9 10.9 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 73 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 91 69 Rural (% of rural population) 97 85 61 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 82 67 37 Rural (% of rural population) 73 58 33 Urban (% of urban population) 88 76 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 32 55 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 92 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 20 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.2 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 3.1 0.4 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 9.2 118 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 50.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Korea, Rep. 97 GDP ($ billions) 1,304.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,920 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 21,125 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 82.2 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 18 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 51.6 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 27,097 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,489 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 63.8 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 26 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,140 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.9 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.9 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.9 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,232 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.5 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 10,162 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 68.6 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.9 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.5 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,291 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 39.3 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 62 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 99 Rural (% of rural population) 88 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 38 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 34.3 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.0 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 119 Kosovo Population (millions) 1.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11 GDP ($ billions) 7.1 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,940 7,114 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,243 1,768 Urban population (% of total) .. 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 52 66 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 5,070 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,136 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 10.5 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) .. –0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 5.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals .. Threatened species, birds .. Threatened species, fish .. Threatened species, higher plants .. Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 1,036 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –3.9 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,411 2,080 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.6 2.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,947 2,954 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.2 65.8 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.8 17.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 5.3 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 2,710 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 31.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 67 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 88 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 94 47 Rural (% of rural population) .. 90 36 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 23 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.8 18.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.3 8.9 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 3.6 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.5 17.5 120 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Kuwait 18 GDP ($ billions) 175.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 45,130 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 36,452 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 98.3 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 8,500 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.4 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –2.6 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.9 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.2 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.17 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 110 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.05 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 10,408 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 16,122 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 31.3 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 0 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 50 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 54.5 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.9 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 25.1 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 25.9 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 121 Kyrgyz Republic Population (millions) 5.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 192 GDP ($ billions) 7.2 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,210 7,114 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 980 6,243 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 35.5 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 66 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,419 5,070 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,904 3,136 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 5.1 10.5 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.1 –0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.3 5.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 14 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.33 1,036 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –10.3 –3.9 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –5.0 2.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 562 2,080 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 2.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,642 2,954 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 6.7 65.8 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 93.3 17.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 5.3 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,555 2,710 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.4 31.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 67 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 95 88 Rural (% of rural population) 82 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) 97 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 94 47 Rural (% of rural population) 92 90 36 Urban (% of urban population) 92 97 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 90 91 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 23 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.0 18.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.7 8.9 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.0 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 3.6 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 7.0 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.6 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –1.9 7.5 17.5 122 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Lao PDR 231 GDP ($ billions) 11.2 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,450 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,225 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 36.5 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 495 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,150 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 67.6 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.7 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 43 Threatened species, birds 22 Threatened species, fish 55 Threatened species, higher plants 32 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 142 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.8 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 10.9 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 28,125 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 72 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 65 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 84 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 65 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 51 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 90 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 71 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.7 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.1 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.7 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –4.4 28.4 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 123 Latvia Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 62 GDP ($ billions) 31.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,290 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 13,010 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 67.5 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.1 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,467 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,374 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 54.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.3 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.6 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 6 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 117 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –5.8 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –5.3 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 11.5 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,122 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 28.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,264 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 49.5 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 47.4 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.6 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,317 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.5 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 13 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 99 Rural (% of rural population) 96 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 79 96 Rural (% of rural population) 71 93 Urban (% of urban population) 82 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 9 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.7 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.2 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.7 7.7 124 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Lebanon 10 GDP ($ billions) 44.4 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,870 3,456 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,506 2,654 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 87.5 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 72 23 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 20.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 39,595 .. 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,382 2,561 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 13.4 2.4 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.4 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.6 6.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.1 4,159 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.4 3.0 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.8 12.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.24 2.7 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,449 1,376 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.0 0.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,499 1,696 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 95.1 91.7 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.9 5.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.7 3.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,074 656 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 27.3 121.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 60 86 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 83 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 88 74 Rural (% of rural population) .. 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 24 28 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 26 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.4 27.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.4 10.0 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 12.4 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.0 8.1 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 125 Lesotho Population (millions) 2.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 2.3 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,500 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,205 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 26.3 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 346 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 810 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.5 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.5 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.5 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 1 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.55 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.2 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 15.0 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 10 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,521 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 77 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 93 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 27 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 37 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 9 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 11 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 98 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.7 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.2 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.8 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.5 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.1 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.6 6.7 17.5 126 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Liberia 96 GDP ($ billions) 2.0 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 229 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 48.9 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 28 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 700 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,035 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 44.3 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.7 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.5 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 18 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 54 Threatened species, higher plants 48 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9.5 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.7 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.8 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 109 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 46,576 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 75 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 63 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 87 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 17 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 28 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 9 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 63 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 9 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 20 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 71 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.9 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.4 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 35.8 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.4 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –15.1 6.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 127 Libya Population (millions) 6.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,760 GDP ($ billions) 74.2 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,930 3,456 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,970 2,654 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 78.2 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 23 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. .. 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 833 2,561 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 2.4 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.1 6.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 24 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 36.0 4,159 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.6 3.0 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –8.1 12.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.05 2.7 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,186 1,376 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.3 0.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,926 1,696 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 91.7 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 5.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.8 3.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 113 656 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 618.0 121.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 86 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 83 85 Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 88 74 Rural (% of rural population) 96 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 97 93 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 37 28 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 26 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 66.8 27.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.4 10.0 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 23.4 12.4 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 8.1 19.4 128 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 37 Land area (sq. km) Liechtenstein 160 GDP ($ billions) 4.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 136,770 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 14.3 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 43.1 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 0 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 129 Lithuania Population (millions) 3.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 63 GDP ($ billions) 45.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,900 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 12,950 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 66.6 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 9,369 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,684 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.7 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.8 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 6 Threatened species, higher plants 1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 95.1 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –5.5 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.4 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 30.7 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,406 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.3 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,530 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 67.7 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.3 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.4 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,261 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 15.3 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 99 Rural (% of rural population) 89 98 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 96 Rural (% of rural population) 85 93 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 10 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 14 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.6 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.0 7.7 130 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 543 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Luxembourg 2.6 GDP ($ billions) 60.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 69,880 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 56,758 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 89.6 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 51 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 36,313 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,967 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.5 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 39.7 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 0 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 1 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 8,046 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.4 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,530 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 88.5 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.2 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 21.4 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,840 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.0 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.6 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.2 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.3 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 131 Macao SAR, China Population (thousands) 566 Land area (sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 51.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 64,050 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) .. 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 0 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.5 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.3 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 66.2 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 1.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 132 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Macedonia, FYR 2.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 25 GDP ($ billions) 10.2 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,870 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,948 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 57.0 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 50 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 7.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 11,761 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,381 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 39.9 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.4 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.3 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.7 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,484 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.1 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,881 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 79.1 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 20.8 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.2 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,563 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.0 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 12 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 83 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.0 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.4 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.5 7.5 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 133 Madagascar Population (millions) 22.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 582 GDP ($ billions) 10.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 440 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 352 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 33.8 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 175 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,522 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 21.4 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.4 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.0 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 114 Threatened species, birds 35 Threatened species, fish 87 Threatened species, higher plants 374 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 116 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.0 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 17.6 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.5 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,230 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,991 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 14,700 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.9 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 50 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 35 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 78 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 14 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 11 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 19 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 8 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 56 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.8 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.7 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.8 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 9.2 134 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 16.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Malawi 94 GDP ($ billions) 3.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 154 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 15.9 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 61 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 221 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,069 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.6 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.0 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.3 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 16 Threatened species, fish 102 Threatened species, higher plants 23 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 116 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.8 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 13.6 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 986 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.4 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 83 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 95 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 10 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 8 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 22 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 68 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 8.1 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.1 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 12.5 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –15.3 6.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 135 Malaysia Population (millions) 29.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 329 GDP ($ billions) 313.2 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,430 5,536 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,305 4,520 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 73.3 50.9 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 48 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 9,674 822 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,889 5,184 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 61.7 29.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 15.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 70 Threatened species, birds 42 Threatened species, fish 73 Threatened species, higher plants 706 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2,023 115,605 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.0 3.4 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 10.5 9.1 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.3 2.2 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,600 137,690 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7,097 56,537 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,639 1,671 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.6 10.1 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,246 2,582 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.1 80.9 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.9 14.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.7 4.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 19,517 4,376 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.9 10.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 22 73 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 85 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 67 74 Rural (% of rural population) 95 58 62 Urban (% of urban population) 96 76 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 55 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 73 92 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 20 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.5 47.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 16.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.7 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 6.7 2.2 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.2 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.8 28.4 19.4 136 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 345 Land area (sq. km) Maldives 300 GDP ($ billions) 2.3 Upper South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,600 1,483 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,784 1,246 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 43.4 32.2 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 55 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,215 685 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,639 3,045 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.0 17.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.3 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 6.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 130 13,951 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.1 2.4 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 7.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 2.4 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 8,920 15,440 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 970 555 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 26.7 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 605 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.9 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.3 1.4 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 87 1,186 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.7 51.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 91 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 98 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 40 74 Rural (% of rural population) 100 30 62 Urban (% of urban population) 98 61 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 32 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 4 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 57 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 30.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.4 9.1 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.7 2.8 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.2 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 19.0 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 137 Mali Population (millions) 15.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,220 GDP ($ billions) 10.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 670 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 555 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 38.4 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 34 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 842 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,567 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.1 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.6 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.0 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 2 Threatened species, higher plants 7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 102 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.5 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 25.0 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,921 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.6 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 67 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 54 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 91 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 22 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 15 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 35 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 34 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 123 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.9 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 7.7 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 3.3 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –0.1 6.7 9.2 138 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 423 Land area (sq. km) Malta 320 GDP ($ billions) 9.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,980 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 95.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 32 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 34.0 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 56,234 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,151 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.9 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.5 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.3 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.9 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 36.6 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.63 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,060 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.3 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,689 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.4 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.2 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 119 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 106.7 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 35 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.7 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.9 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.0 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 139 Marshall Islands Population (thousands) 53 Land area (sq. km) 180 GDP ($ millions) 190.9 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,310 5,536 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 4,520 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 72.2 50.9 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 72 48 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 822 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 5,184 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 70.2 29.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.0 15.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 80.6 115,605 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 26.2 3.4 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 9.1 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.70 2.2 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,110 137,690 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 56,537 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 614 1,671 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 4.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,376 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 98 85 85 Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 76 67 74 Rural (% of rural population) 56 58 62 Urban (% of urban population) 84 76 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 55 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 92 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 38 20 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.9 16.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.5 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 19.4 140 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Mauritania 1,031 GDP ($ billions) 4.2 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,060 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 474 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 58.6 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 659 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,130 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.2 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 2.7 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.6 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 32 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 293 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.7 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 32.2 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 103 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 337.5 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 50 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 48 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 52 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 27 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 9 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 51 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 65 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 90 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 37.1 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.8 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.6 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 24.6 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.6 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.8 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –15.4 6.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 141 Mauritius Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2.0 GDP ($ billions) 11.9 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,570 1,686 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,192 1,382 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 40.0 36.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 44 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 21.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 8,574 673 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,224 1,433 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 17.3 27.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.5 16.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 15 Threatened species, higher plants 91 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.8 6,652 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.8 1.8 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 8.3 15.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.30 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 870 17,980 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.2 27,808 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 963 681 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.3 0.8 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,186 4,120 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 26.4 3.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 81 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 64 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 53 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 85 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 30 74 Rural (% of rural population) 90 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 92 41 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 27 72 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 92 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.7 23.8 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.7 8.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.7 6.7 19.4 142 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 122.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Mexico 1,944 GDP ($ billions) 1,260.9 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,940 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,193 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 78.7 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,203 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,387 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.2 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.3 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.9 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 101 Threatened species, birds 58 Threatened species, fish 154 Threatened species, higher plants 371 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,806 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.6 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.2 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 18.9 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,780 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 6,557 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,560 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.4 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,092 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 80.7 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.3 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.8 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,343 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.6 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 91 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 79 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 87 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 80 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.0 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.7 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.5 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.8 5.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 143 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Population (thousands) 104 Land area (sq. km) 700 GDP ($ millions) 316.2 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,280 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,088 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 22.3 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,083 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,658 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 91.7 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.0 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 36.0 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.6 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.06 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 4,340 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 87.0 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 87 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 57 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 49 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 85 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.8 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 23.6 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 17.5 144 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Moldova 33 GDP ($ billions) 8.0 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,470 7,114 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,279 6,243 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 44.9 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 66 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,236 5,070 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,852 3,136 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.0 10.5 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.8 –0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.8 5.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 8 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9.6 1,036 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –15.4 –3.9 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.3 2.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 936 2,080 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.5 2.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,470 2,954 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.9 65.8 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.1 17.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 5.3 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 281 2,710 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 106.5 31.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 67 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 95 88 Rural (% of rural population) 94 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 87 94 47 Rural (% of rural population) 84 90 36 Urban (% of urban population) 89 97 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 23 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.4 18.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.1 8.9 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.3 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 3.6 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.6 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.9 7.5 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 145 Monaco Population (thousands) 38 Land area (sq. km) 2.0 GDP ($ billions) 6.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 186,950 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 35.9 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.00 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.0 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 100.0 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.6 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.1 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 146 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Mongolia 1,554 GDP ($ billions) 11.5 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,770 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,004 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 70.4 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 73 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,550 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,337 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.9 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.7 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 13.8 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 16 Threatened species, fish 2 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.06 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.1 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,310 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.1 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,577 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.2 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 12,258 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 44 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 61 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 56 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 35 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 65 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 9 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 23 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 36.5 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.2 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.2 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 8.3 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.7 28.4 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 147 Montenegro Population (thousands) 621 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 13 GDP ($ billions) 4.4 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,250 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 63.6 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 6,946 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,844 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.4 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.8 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 26 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.4 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.85 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,900 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 19.6 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,747 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 54.7 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 45.3 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.2 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 95 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 87 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 92 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 4.5 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.5 19.4 148 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 33.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Morocco 446 GDP ($ billions) 103.8 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,020 3,456 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,512 2,654 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 59.2 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 68 23 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,582 .. 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,828 2,561 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.5 2.4 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.2 –0.1 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.5 6.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 17 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 44 Threatened species, higher plants 34 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,261 4,159 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.5 3.0 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.5 12.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 2.7 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 539 1,376 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.8 0.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 826 1,696 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 89.7 91.7 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.5 5.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.6 3.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 879 656 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 43.5 121.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 84 90 88 Rural (% of rural population) 64 83 84 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 75 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 63 80 36 Urban (% of urban population) 85 93 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 28 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30 26 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.4 27.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.4 10.0 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 12.4 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 0.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.8 8.1 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 149 Mozambique Population (millions) 25.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 786 GDP ($ billions) 15.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 610 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 523 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 31.7 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 276 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 818 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 49.1 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.6 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 27 Threatened species, fish 54 Threatened species, higher plants 58 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 223 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 8.2 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 18.3 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.4 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,860 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,909 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 415 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 79.2 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 447 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.1 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.9 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,883 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.9 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 78 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 49 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 35 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 80 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 21 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 11 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 44 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 11 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 87 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.0 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.0 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.2 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.5 6.7 9.2 150 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 53.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Myanmar 653 GDP ($ billions) .. East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 5,536 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 4,520 637 Urban population (% of total) 33.0 50.9 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 48 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 24.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 822 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,641 5,184 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 47.7 29.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.9 –0.4 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.3 15.1 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 44 Threatened species, birds 41 Threatened species, fish 40 Threatened species, higher plants 47 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,718 115,605 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.4 3.4 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 23.6 9.1 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.22 2.2 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,870 137,690 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 5,029 56,537 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 268 1,671 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 75.5 10.1 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 110 2,582 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 29.7 80.9 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 70.3 14.5 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 4.9 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 18,832 4,376 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.3 10.9 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 73 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 86 91 69 Rural (% of rural population) 81 85 61 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 67 37 Rural (% of rural population) 74 58 33 Urban (% of urban population) 84 76 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 55 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 92 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 20 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.6 2.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.2 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.4 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 151 Namibia Population (millions) 2.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 823 GDP ($ billions) 13.1 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,870 1,686 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,040 1,382 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 44.7 36.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 44 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,046 673 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 315 1,433 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.7 27.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 43.2 16.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 25 Threatened species, fish 27 Threatened species, higher plants 27 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 486 6,652 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.6 1.8 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 15.9 15.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 28.0 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 717 681 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.3 57.6 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,549 535 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 1.8 65.1 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 98.2 20.0 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 0.8 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,674 4,120 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.7 3.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 81 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 64 93 Rural (% of rural population) 87 53 85 Urban (% of urban population) 98 85 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 32 30 74 Rural (% of rural population) 17 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 56 41 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 4 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 2 72 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 50 92 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.7 23.8 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 8.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.3 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 1.6 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.1 6.7 19.4 152 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 27.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Nepal 143 GDP ($ billions) 19.3 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 1,483 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 636 1,246 637 Urban population (% of total) 17.9 32.2 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 55 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 27.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 265 685 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,570 3,045 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.4 17.2 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.7 –0.3 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.4 6.1 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 30 Threatened species, birds 29 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 12 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 57.5 13,951 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.3 2.4 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.1 7.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 2.4 .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 383 555 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 84.1 26.7 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 106 605 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.1 77.9 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.9 13.8 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 1.4 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,130 1,186 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.8 51.6 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 91 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 91 69 Rural (% of rural population) 88 89 61 Urban (% of urban population) 90 95 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 40 37 Rural (% of rural population) 34 30 33 Urban (% of urban population) 51 61 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 33 32 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 40 57 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 42.8 30.6 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.9 9.1 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 2.8 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.2 1.2 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.2 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 36.4 19.0 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 153 Netherlands Population (millions) 16.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 34 GDP ($ billions) 853.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 51,060 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 41,907 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 89.3 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 10.6 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 66,236 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 8,653 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.8 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 19.5 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 388 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.9 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.2 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 61.8 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,638 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.6 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,036 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 83.8 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.0 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 655 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 96.5 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.6 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.9 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.5 7.7 154 2015 The Little Green Data Book New Caledonia Population (thousands) 262 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 69.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 10 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,305 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 45.9 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 61.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 30 Threatened species, higher plants 259 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.5 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.0 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.1 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 25.2 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,980 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 227 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 15.7 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 155 New Zealand Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 263 GDP ($ billions) 185.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 35,760 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 31,264 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 86.2 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 27,240 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 8,122 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 27.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 64 Threatened species, fish 23 Threatened species, higher plants 18 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 541 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.0 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.5 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 12.4 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 261 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,144 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.6 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,444 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 24.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 56.4 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.3 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 73,614 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 33 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.1 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.5 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.5 7.7 156 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Nicaragua 120 GDP ($ billions) 11.3 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,790 9,542 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,638 7,878 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 58.1 79.0 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 38 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,673 4,576 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,150 4,161 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 24.7 48.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 2.0 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 30.8 21.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 31 Threatened species, higher plants 43 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 66.8 11,967 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 11.8 –0.1 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 29.1 10.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 37.7 14.3 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 14,860 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 671 39,988 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 515 1,292 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 40.8 16.0 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 522 1,985 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.0 37.3 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.6 55.1 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 2.7 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 25,689 22,124 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.0 2.2 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 94 88 Rural (% of rural population) 68 82 84 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 52 81 47 Rural (% of rural population) 37 62 36 Urban (% of urban population) 63 86 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 8 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 5 33 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 18 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.7 17.3 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.3 11.2 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 0.9 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.4 0.4 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.1 5.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 157 Niger Population (millions) 17.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,267 GDP ($ billions) 7.4 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 324 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 18.2 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 424 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.9 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.0 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.7 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 4 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 45.2 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.0 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.7 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 196 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 28.1 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 67 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 52 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 42 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 99 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 9 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 4 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 33 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 37 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 104 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.2 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.2 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.9 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 9.7 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 5.2 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.0 6.7 9.2 158 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 173.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Nigeria 911 GDP ($ billions) 521.8 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,710 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,503 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 46.1 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 79 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,575 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,537 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 9.0 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 3.7 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.1 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 26 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 60 Threatened species, higher plants 169 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,000 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.8 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 17.1 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.21 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7,356 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 721 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 82.2 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 149 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 79.1 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 20.9 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,273 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.9 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 64 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 49 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 79 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 28 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 25 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 31 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 27 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 94 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 10 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 117 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.0 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.8 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.9 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.2 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.1 6.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 159 Northern Mariana Islands Population (thousands) 54 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 89.3 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 65.2 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.1 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.98 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.6 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 20.3 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.07 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 98 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 96 Rural (% of rural population) 80 93 Urban (% of urban population) 80 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 160 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Norway 365 GDP ($ billions) 512.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 102,700 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 79,194 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 79.9 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.3 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 65,908 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,167 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.8 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,476 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.9 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.6 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.8 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,681 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.4 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 23,174 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 3.3 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 95.2 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.7 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 75,194 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 29 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 4 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 16 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 36.9 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 8.6 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.2 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 161 Oman Population (millions) 3.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 310 GDP ($ billions) 79.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,150 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 17,774 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 76.7 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 5 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.2 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 11,254 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.7 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 25 Threatened species, higher plants 6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 207 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.4 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 530 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.9 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 8,356 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,292 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 20.4 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 385 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 94.4 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 86 98 Urban (% of urban population) 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 96 Rural (% of rural population) 95 93 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 35 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 49.2 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.0 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 24.7 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.9 7.7 162 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 182.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Pakistan 771 GDP ($ billions) 232.3 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,360 1,483 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,234 1,246 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 37.9 32.2 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 55 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 70.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,077 685 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,722 3,045 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.1 17.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 2.2 –0.3 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.7 6.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 24 Threatened species, birds 23 Threatened species, fish 34 Threatened species, higher plants 5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 623 13,951 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.1 2.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.4 7.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.9 2.4 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 977 10,343 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 482 555 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 34.6 26.7 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 449 605 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 64.5 77.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 29.9 13.8 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 1.4 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 302 1,186 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 333.6 51.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 89 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) 96 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 48 40 47 Rural (% of rural population) 34 30 36 Urban (% of urban population) 72 61 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 38 32 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 100 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 22 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 86 57 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.0 30.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.0 9.1 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.5 2.8 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 1.5 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.2 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.2 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.6 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.2 19.0 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 163 Palau Population (thousands) 21 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ millions) 247.0 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,970 5,536 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 4,520 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 85.8 50.9 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 48 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,857 822 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 5,184 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 87.6 29.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.2 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.9 15.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 15 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.92 115,605 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.8 3.4 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 10.5 9.1 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 30.3 2.2 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,150 137,690 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 48.5 56,537 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,671 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.6 4.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,376 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 86 85 85 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 67 74 Rural (% of rural population) 100 58 62 Urban (% of urban population) 100 76 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 55 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 92 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 20 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.9 16.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 19.4 164 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Panama 74 GDP ($ billions) 42.6 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,700 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,345 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 66.0 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,048 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,824 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.4 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.4 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.6 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 19 Threatened species, fish 42 Threatened species, higher plants 203 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 208 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.9 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.9 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.4 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 720 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,744 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,085 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 11.5 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,829 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 47.5 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 52.2 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.6 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 35,350 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 43 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 87 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 73 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 53 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 80 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.2 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.5 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 23.8 5.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 165 Papua New Guinea Population (millions) 7.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 453 GDP ($ billions) 15.4 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,020 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,460 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 13.0 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,892 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 62.8 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.1 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 39 Threatened species, birds 32 Threatened species, fish 47 Threatened species, higher plants 145 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 218 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.5 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 32.5 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.35 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 13,840 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,265 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 109,407 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.0 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 40 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 33 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 88 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 19 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 13 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 56 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 61 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.9 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.5 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 13.0 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 17.5 166 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Paraguay 397 GDP ($ billions) 29.0 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,010 9,542 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,485 7,878 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 59.2 79.0 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 54 38 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,092 4,576 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,683 4,161 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.4 48.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.0 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.4 21.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 25 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 19 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 22.7 11,967 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.3 –0.1 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 21.8 10.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 14.3 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 14,860 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 39,988 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 739 1,292 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 45.8 16.0 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,228 1,985 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 37.3 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 100.0 55.1 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 2.7 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17,200 22,124 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.1 2.2 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 94 88 Rural (% of rural population) 83 82 84 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 81 47 Rural (% of rural population) 53 62 36 Urban (% of urban population) 96 86 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 4 8 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 33 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 18 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.3 17.3 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 11.2 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.6 0.4 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.5 5.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 167 Peru Population (millions) 30.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,280 GDP ($ billions) 202.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,270 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,334 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 78.0 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,109 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.9 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.2 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 19.1 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 54 Threatened species, birds 113 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 318 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6,002 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.7 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 14.8 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.9 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 53.1 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 695 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.0 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,248 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 43.1 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 55.0 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 54,024 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 72 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 91 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 73 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 45 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 81 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 10 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 39 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.1 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.8 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.4 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.4 5.7 19.4 168 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 98.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Philippines 298 GDP ($ billions) 272.1 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,270 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,962 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 44.6 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 876 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,532 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 26.1 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.7 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.9 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 38 Threatened species, birds 66 Threatened species, fish 74 Threatened species, higher plants 232 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,709 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.1 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.6 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 25,060 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,565 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 426 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.1 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 647 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.3 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 14.0 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,868 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.0 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 91 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 74 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 69 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 79 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 7 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 34 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 36.1 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 26.9 28.4 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 169 Poland Population (millions) 38.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 306 GDP ($ billions) 525.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,240 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,511 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 60.6 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,320 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,803 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 30.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.3 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 34.2 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 10 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 249 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.2 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.3 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 52.8 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,629 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.1 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,832 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.8 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.4 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.3 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,392 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 22.3 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 96 Rural (% of rural population) 80 93 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.0 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.7 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.3 7.7 170 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Portugal 92 GDP ($ billions) 227.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,270 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 17,275 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 62.3 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 12.7 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 9,331 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,183 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.8 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 55 Threatened species, higher plants 81 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 204 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.3 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.0 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.1 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,187 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.9 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,848 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 52.9 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 22.2 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.0 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,634 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 22.3 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 73 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 72 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.9 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.7 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.5 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 171 Puerto Rico Population (millions) 3.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8.9 GDP ($ billions) 103.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,210 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 93.7 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 22 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 10.7 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 64,704 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,879 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 64.2 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.8 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 57 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.5 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.2 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –7.3 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.7 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 480 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 73.9 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,964 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.0 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 7 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 96 Rural (% of rural population) 99 93 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 172 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Qatar 12 GDP ($ billions) 203.2 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 86,790 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 55,526 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 99.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 6 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 15,044 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,931 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.2 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 12.1 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.3 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.6 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 12.3 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 17,419 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,755 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 40.3 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 26 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 792.9 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 69 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 66.0 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 17.3 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 30.1 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 173 Romania Population (millions) 20.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 230 GDP ($ billions) 189.6 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,050 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,875 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 54.2 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 9,117 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,864 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.9 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.3 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.7 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.3 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –12.5 –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.9 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 40.4 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,778 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.3 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,639 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 54.7 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 23.8 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.9 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,117 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.3 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 17 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 76 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 72 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 54 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 88 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.5 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2.1 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.7 7.5 19.4 174 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Russian Federation 143.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 16,377 GDP ($ billions) 2,096.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,850 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,755 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 73.9 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 13 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.0 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,973 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,240 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 49.4 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 31 Threatened species, birds 44 Threatened species, fish 36 Threatened species, higher plants 54 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,507 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.3 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.2 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 11.6 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,113 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,486 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 67.4 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 15.7 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.2 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 30,056 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 99 Rural (% of rural population) 92 98 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 71 96 Rural (% of rural population) 59 93 Urban (% of urban population) 74 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 10 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 36 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.2 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 10.6 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.9 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 175 Rwanda Population (millions) 11.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 25 GDP ($ billions) 7.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 517 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 26.9 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 305 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,172 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 18.4 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –2.4 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.5 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 20 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 24.7 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 10.5 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 8.9 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 807 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 71 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 68 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 81 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 64 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 64 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 61 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 52 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.9 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.6 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 6.0 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.1 6.7 9.2 176 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 190 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Samoa 2.8 GDP ($ millions) 801.9 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,970 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,573 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 19.4 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,585 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 60.4 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.7 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11.2 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.1 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.1 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 490 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3.7 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 318 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 99 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 91 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 93 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.1 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 177 San Marino Population (thousands) 31 Land area (sq. km) 60 GDP ($ billions) 1.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 51,470 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 94.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 0 Threatened species, birds 0 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 22.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 178 2015 The Little Green Data Book São Tomé and Príncipe Population (thousands) 193 Land area (sq. km) 960 GDP ($ millions) 310.7 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,470 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,369 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 63.9 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 52 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 575 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.1 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 13 Threatened species, higher plants 37 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.8 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.7 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.00 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 269 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,296 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 94 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 99 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 34 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 23 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 41 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 9 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.2 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.7 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 179 Saudi Arabia Population (millions) 28.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,150 GDP ($ billions) 748.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,260 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 18,592 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 82.7 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 81 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 25,635 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,120 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.5 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 31.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 24 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 97.3 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.5 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 11.7 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.4 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,660 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 204 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,738 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,161 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 69.8 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 17.0 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 83 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 986.3 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 99 Rural (% of rural population) 97 98 Urban (% of urban population) 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 62 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 43.6 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.8 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 20.6 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.1 7.7 180 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 14.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Senegal 193 GDP ($ billions) 14.8 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,050 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 893 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 43.1 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 362 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,180 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.6 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.5 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 24.8 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 46 Threatened species, higher plants 10 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 472 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.8 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 22.2 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 14.4 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,279 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 264 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 45.8 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 187 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 88.0 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.5 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,825 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.6 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 60 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 93 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 52 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 41 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 67 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 41 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 21 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 55 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.1 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.8 6.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 181 Serbia Population (millions) 7.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 87 GDP ($ billions) 45.5 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,050 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 55.4 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,938 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,784 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.1 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.0 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.3 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 10 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11.0 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,237 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.4 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,490 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 77.2 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 22.8 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.3 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,173 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 49.0 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 96 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.1 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.1 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.5 19.4 182 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 89 Land area (sq. km) Seychelles 460 GDP ($ billions) 1.4 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,210 1,686 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 13,818 1,382 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 53.2 36.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 44 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,012 673 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,433 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 88.5 27.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 42.0 16.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 62 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 74.1 6,652 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.0 1.8 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.85 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,690 17,980 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 32.3 27,808 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,411 681 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.8 0.8 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,120 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 3.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 7 81 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 64 93 Rural (% of rural population) 96 53 85 Urban (% of urban population) 96 85 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 30 74 Rural (% of rural population) 97 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 97 41 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 72 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 92 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.5 23.8 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 8.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.9 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 183 Sierra Leone Population (millions) 6.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 72 GDP ($ billions) 4.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 660 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 642 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 39.2 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 57 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 929 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,802 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.2 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.7 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.5 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 17 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 48 Threatened species, higher plants 56 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 200 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.6 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.2 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.6 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,049 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 26,264 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 22 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 60 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 42 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 87 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 23 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 161 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.8 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.4 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 7.8 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.3 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.8 6.7 9.2 184 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.4 Land area (sq. km) Singapore 700 GDP ($ billions) 297.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 54,040 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 36,625 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.4 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 25 Threatened species, higher plants 58 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.8 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –8.1 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.5 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.4 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4.6 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,452 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.8 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,404 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.4 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.7 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 111 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 31.7 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 4 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 48.5 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 185 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Population (thousands) 40 Land area (sq. km) 34 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) .. 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.19 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 186 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Slovak Republic 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 97.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,810 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 13,829 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 53.9 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.3 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 18,034 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,490 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.2 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 36.1 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.1 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,214 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.5 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,348 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 27.5 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.4 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.7 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,328 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.5 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.2 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.5 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 187 Slovenia Population (millions) 2.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 20 GDP ($ billions) 48.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,220 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 18,256 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 49.8 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $)153,307 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,610 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 62.4 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 54.5 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 29 Threatened species, higher plants 7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.6 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 98.4 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,531 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.5 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,806 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 36.5 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 22.4 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.5 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,063 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.0 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.0 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.7 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.8 7.7 188 2015 The Little Green Data Book Solomon Islands Population (thousands) 561 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 1.1 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,600 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,016 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 21.4 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 4 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,200 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 78.7 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.2 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.2 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 20 Threatened species, birds 20 Threatened species, fish 18 Threatened species, higher plants 17 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 53.3 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.5 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 42.3 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.90 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,750 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 603 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 130 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 79,646 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 77 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 29 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 15 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 81 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.9 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 6.9 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 24.0 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.5 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 189 Somalia Population (millions) 10.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 627 GDP ($ billions) .. Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 38.6 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 964 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.5 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.1 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.6 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 15 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 26 Threatened species, higher plants 42 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 30.0 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.2 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.00 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 48.0 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 572 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 55.0 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 99 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 32 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 9 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 70 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 24 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 52 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 20 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 146 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 9.2 190 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) South Africa 53.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,213 GDP ($ billions) 366.1 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,410 1,686 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,558 1,382 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 63.8 36.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 79 44 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 6,655 673 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,725 1,433 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.6 27.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.2 16.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 24 Threatened species, birds 41 Threatened species, fish 87 Threatened species, higher plants 101 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 431 6,652 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.1 1.8 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.2 15.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 12.8 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 30.5 27,808 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,742 681 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.3 57.6 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,606 535 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.8 65.1 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.8 20.0 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.1 0.8 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 843 4,120 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 27.9 3.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 63 81 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 64 93 Rural (% of rural population) 88 53 85 Urban (% of urban population) 99 85 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 74 30 74 Rural (% of rural population) 62 23 62 Urban (% of urban population) 82 41 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 36 72 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 44 92 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.7 23.8 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.4 8.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.5 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 5.7 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 1.6 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.9 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.3 6.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 191 South Sudan Population (millions) 11.3 Land area (sq. km) .. GDP ($ billions) 11.8 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 950 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 18.4 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) .. 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 15 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 37.0 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,302 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.5 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 36 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 57 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 55 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 63 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 9 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 16 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 99 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.0 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.6 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 17.5 192 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 46.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Spain 499 GDP ($ billions) 1,393.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,940 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 24,476 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 79.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 54 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 12.0 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 40,126 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,081 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.7 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 29.0 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 70 Threatened species, higher plants 214 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,259 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.4 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.4 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.4 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,686 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.7 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,530 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 49.9 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 10.6 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.8 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,385 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 29.2 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 61 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.3 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.5 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.0 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 193 Sri Lanka Population (millions) 20.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 63 GDP ($ billions) 67.2 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,170 1,483 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,004 1,246 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 18.3 32.2 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 55 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,041 685 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,833 3,045 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 29.2 17.2 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.1 –0.3 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.0 6.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 30 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 43 Threatened species, higher plants 287 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 529 13,951 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.4 2.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 15.9 7.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 2.4 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 680 15,440 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 88.8 10,343 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 499 555 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 47.4 26.7 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 490 605 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 59.1 77.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 39.7 13.8 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 1.4 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,578 1,186 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 24.5 51.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 93 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 40 47 Rural (% of rural population) 94 30 36 Urban (% of urban population) 83 61 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 9 32 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 94 100 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 57 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.4 30.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.5 9.1 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.4 2.8 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 1.2 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.2 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.8 19.0 17.5 194 2015 The Little Green Data Book St. Kitts and Nevis Population (thousands) 54 Land area (sq. km) 260 GDP ($ millions) 765.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,890 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 31.9 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 13.3 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,268 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.6 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 17.6 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 15.7 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.7 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.53 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 180 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.68 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,644 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.8 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 443 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 98 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 87 96 Rural (% of rural population) 87 93 Urban (% of urban population) 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.9 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 195 St. Lucia Population (thousands) 182 Land area (sq. km) 610 GDP ($ billions) 1.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,060 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,865 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 18.5 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,582 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 77.0 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.9 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 6 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.3 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.8 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.4 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.16 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 160 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.9 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 752 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.3 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 93 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 65 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 64 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 70 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.1 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.5 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.7 19.4 196 2015 The Little Green Data Book St. Martin (French part) Population (thousands) 31 Land area (sq. km) 54 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) .. 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 3 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 96 Rural (% of rural population) .. 93 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 197 St. Vincent and the Grenadines Population (thousands) 109 Land area (sq. km) 390 GDP ($ millions) 709.4 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,460 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,102 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 49.8 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,077 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 24,857 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 68.9 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.3 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.9 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 2 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 5 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 39.5 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.6 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.61 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 140 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.90 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 642 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 95 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 76 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 76 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 76 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –4.7 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.4 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.7 19.4 198 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 38.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) c Sudan 2,376 GDP ($ billions) 66.6 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,550 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,575 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 33.5 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,683 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 589 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 23.2 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.1c 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.8c 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 12 Threatened species, birds 15 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 16 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 73.0c 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.6c 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.8cc 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 32.9c .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,720 17,980 124,480 c Mangroves area (sq. km) 9.8 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 355c c 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 67.1c 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 143c 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 24.8c 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 75.2c 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 81 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 673.3 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 96 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 56 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 50 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 66 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 24 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 13 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 44 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 26c 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100c 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 77 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.2 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 1.6 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.2 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.3 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.9 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.0 6.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 199 Suriname Population (thousands) 539 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 156 GDP ($ billions) 5.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,370 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,617 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 66.1 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,801 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,496 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 94.6 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.7 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 6 Threatened species, fish 26 Threatened species, higher plants 26 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 39.8 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 7.4 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 22.9 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 510 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,399 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.5 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 183,579 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.6 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 88 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 61 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 88 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 4 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.5 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.0 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 12.7 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.7 19.4 200 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Swaziland 17 GDP ($ billions) 3.8 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,990 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,293 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 21.3 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,373 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,153 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.2 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.8 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.0 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 6 Threatened species, birds 11 Threatened species, fish 4 Threatened species, higher plants 11 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.10 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 3.5 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 373 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,113 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 39.5 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 97 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 69 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 94 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 58 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 56 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 63 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 80 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.0 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.8 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.8 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.8 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.1 6.7 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 201 Sweden Population (millions) 9.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 407 GDP ($ billions) 579.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 61,710 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 52,211 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 85.5 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.0 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 40,393 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,125 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 69.2 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.3 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.5 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 192 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.5 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.7 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.2 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,190 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 20.4 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 14,030 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 2.5 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 44.2 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.6 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17,812 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 4 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 10 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.9 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.5 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.9 7.7 202 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 8.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Switzerland 40 GDP ($ billions) 685.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 90,680 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 71,118 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 73.8 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 39 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.4 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 27,289 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,676 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.6 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 26.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 9 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.3 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.2 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.2 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,207 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.0 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,928 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 1.7 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 51.5 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.0 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,995 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.5 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 96 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.9 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.8 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.7 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 203 Syrian Arab Republic Population (millions) 22.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 184 GDP ($ billions) .. Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 3,456 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 2,654 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 56.9 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 76 23 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 10.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. .. 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,576 2,561 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.7 2.4 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.3 –0.1 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.7 6.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 16 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 45 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.8 4,159 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.0 3.0 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.7 12.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.63 2.7 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 910 1,376 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,715 1,696 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.0 91.7 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.0 5.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.9 3.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 312 656 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 235.0 121.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 90 88 Rural (% of rural population) 87 83 84 Urban (% of urban population) 92 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 95 80 36 Urban (% of urban population) 96 93 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 26 28 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 26 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 27.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.0 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 12.4 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 8.1 17.5 204 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 8.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Tajikistan 140 GDP ($ billions) 8.5 Europe & Central Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 990 7,114 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 974 6,243 637 Urban population (% of total) 26.6 60.1 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 66 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 14.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,167 5,070 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,798 3,136 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.9 10.5 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.8 5.1 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 5 Threatened species, higher plants 12 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.6 1,036 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.4 –3.9 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –9.1 2.0 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 306 2,080 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 2.9 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,714 2,954 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 1.2 65.8 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 98.8 17.9 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 5.3 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,732 2,710 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.1 31.6 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 67 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 72 95 69 Rural (% of rural population) 64 89 61 Urban (% of urban population) 93 99 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 94 37 Rural (% of rural population) 95 90 33 Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 79 91 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 .. 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 48 23 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.7 18.6 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.3 8.9 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 3.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.7 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.6 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.0 7.5 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 205 Tanzania Population (millions) 49.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 886 GDP ($ billions) 43.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 860 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 798 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 30.2 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 310 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,418 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.8 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.1 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 32.2 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 36 Threatened species, birds 42 Threatened species, fish 175 Threatened species, higher plants 496 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 393 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.4 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 9.1 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 18.2 .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,580 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,287 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 448 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 88.2 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 92 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 50.7 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 49.3 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,705 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.2 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 53 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 44 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 78 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 12 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 8 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 25 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 11 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 52 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.4 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.5 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.8 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.6 6.7 9.2 206 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 67.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Thailand 511 GDP ($ billions) 387.3 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,340 5,536 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,234 4,520 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 47.9 50.9 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 48 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,166 822 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,022 5,184 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 37.2 29.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.8 15.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 55 Threatened species, birds 44 Threatened species, fish 96 Threatened species, higher plants 133 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2,901 115,605 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.3 3.4 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.8 9.1 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.1 2.2 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,130 137,690 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,484 56,537 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,790 1,671 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 18.3 10.1 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,316 2,582 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.0 80.9 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.2 14.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.4 4.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,350 4,376 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 25.5 10.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 73 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 95 85 85 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 67 74 Rural (% of rural population) 96 58 62 Urban (% of urban population) 89 76 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 55 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 88 92 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 20 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.6 47.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.1 16.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.5 2.2 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.1 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.7 28.4 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 207 Timor-Leste Population (millions) 1.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 15 GDP ($ billions) 1.3 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,940 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 31.5 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 363 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,880 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 48.4 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.4 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.7 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 4 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 6 Threatened species, higher plants 1 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.8 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.8 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 18.0 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 60 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,961 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.3 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 71 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 61 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 39 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 27 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 69 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 55 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 67.4 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 1.3 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.7 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 17.5 208 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Togo 54 GDP ($ billions) 4.3 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 530 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 460 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 39.0 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 563 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,258 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 4.9 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 5.1 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 24.7 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 24 Threatened species, higher plants 12 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 20.0 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.0 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.4 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.9 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 427 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 82.1 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 104 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 24.5 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 74.1 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,687 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 60 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 40 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 91 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 11 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 3 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 26 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 85 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 0.0 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.0 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 7.9 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 3.0 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –14.5 6.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 209 Tonga Population (thousands) 105 Land area (sq. km) 720 GDP ($ millions) 466.3 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,490 5,536 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,159 4,520 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 23.6 50.9 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 48 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,705 822 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 5,184 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.5 29.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.6 15.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 12 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.0 115,605 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.8 3.4 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 9.1 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.4 2.2 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,500 137,690 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3.4 56,537 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 567 1,671 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 4.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,376 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 85 85 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 67 74 Rural (% of rural population) 89 58 62 Urban (% of urban population) 99 76 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 55 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 92 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 20 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.6 47.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 16.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 19.4 210 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Trinidad and Tobago 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.1 GDP ($ billions) 24.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,760 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,960 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 8.7 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,901 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,628 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.9 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.3 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 32.6 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 25 Threatened species, higher plants 2 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13.2 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.3 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.9 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.0 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 65.7 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 15,691 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,332 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 38.2 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,863 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.0 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 99 Rural (% of rural population) 93 98 Urban (% of urban population) 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 96 Rural (% of rural population) 92 93 Urban (% of urban population) 92 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 4 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 2 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 44.6 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 31.5 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 211 Tunisia Population (millions) 10.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 155 GDP ($ billions) 47.0 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,200 3,456 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,245 2,654 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 66.5 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 65 23 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 3.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,426 .. 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,691 2,561 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.7 2.4 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.9 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.4 6.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 13 Threatened species, birds 5 Threatened species, fish 35 Threatened species, higher plants 7 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 123 4,159 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.0 3.0 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 11.4 12.6 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 2.7 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 890 1,376 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.6 0.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,297 1,696 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.0 91.7 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.3 5.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.5 3.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 385 656 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 67.9 121.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 86 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 90 93 Rural (% of rural population) 91 83 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 88 74 Rural (% of rural population) 77 80 62 Urban (% of urban population) 97 93 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 28 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 26 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.6 27.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.6 10.0 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.8 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.8 12.4 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.7 8.1 19.4 212 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 74.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Turkey 770 GDP ($ billions) 822.1 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,970 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,227 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 72.4 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 50 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 13.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 6,898 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,249 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 15.0 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.1 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.1 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 17 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 126 Threatened species, higher plants 103 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 608 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.1 –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 17.5 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.7 .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,539 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.3 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,709 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.6 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 22.8 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.1 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,029 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.7 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 76 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 96 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.2 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.4 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.3 7.5 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 213 Turkmenistan Population (millions) 5.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions) 41.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,880 7,114 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,453 6,243 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 49.4 60.1 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 72 66 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 5,070 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,988 3,136 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.8 10.5 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.2 5.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 11 Threatened species, higher plants 4 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.0 1,036 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.4 –3.9 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –17.4 2.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,839 2,080 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 2.9 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,444 2,954 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 65.8 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 17.9 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.5 5.3 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 268 2,710 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1,989.3 31.6 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 67 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 71 95 93 Rural (% of rural population) 54 89 85 Urban (% of urban population) 89 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 94 74 Rural (% of rural population) 98 90 62 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 48 17 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 55 23 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.6 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.7 8.9 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 22.5 3.6 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.0 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.5 19.4 214 2015 The Little Green Data Book Turks and Caicos Islands Population (thousands) 33 Land area (sq. km) 950 GDP ($ millions) .. High Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 91.5 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.2 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 44.4 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 3 Threatened species, fish 19 Threatened species, higher plants 9 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.9 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 0.2 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.95 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 730 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 236 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.2 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 99 Rural (% of rural population) 87 98 Urban (% of urban population) 87 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 81 96 Rural (% of rural population) 81 93 Urban (% of urban population) 81 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 215 Tuvalu Population (thousands) 10 Land area (sq. km) 30 GDP ($ millions) 38.3 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,840 5,536 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 4,520 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 57.8 50.9 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 48 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,460 822 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 5,184 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.3 29.7 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.9 15.1 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 1 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 10 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.2 115,605 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 15.8 3.4 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 9.1 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.33 2.2 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 137,690 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.40 56,537 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,671 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 4.9 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,376 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.9 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 97 85 85 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 67 74 Rural (% of rural population) 80 58 62 Urban (% of urban population) 86 76 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 55 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 92 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 20 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.9 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.4 16.6 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 19.4 216 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 37.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Uganda 200 GDP ($ billions) 24.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 600 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 515 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 15.4 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 217 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,143 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 14.1 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 2.6 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.5 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 25 Threatened species, birds 20 Threatened species, fish 61 Threatened species, higher plants 48 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 517 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 2.4 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 38.8 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,038 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 38 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 75 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 71 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 95 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 34 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 34 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 33 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 10 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 95 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 15 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 23 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 66 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.1 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.2 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 13.1 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.5 6.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 217 Ukraine Population (millions) 45.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 579 GDP ($ billions) 177.4 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,960 7,114 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,245 6,243 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 69.3 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 66 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,375 5,070 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,064 3,136 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 16.8 10.5 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.2 –0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.0 5.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 11 Threatened species, birds 13 Threatened species, fish 21 Threatened species, higher plants 16 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 227 1,036 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –6.1 –3.9 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –5.3 2.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.7 .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,766 2,080 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.2 2.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,662 2,954 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 48.0 65.8 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.6 17.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.6 5.3 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,167 2,710 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 36.2 31.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 67 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 88 Rural (% of rural population) 98 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) 98 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 94 47 Rural (% of rural population) 89 90 36 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 94 91 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 23 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.2 18.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.6 8.9 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.0 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 3.6 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.0 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.8 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.6 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –4.7 7.5 17.5 218 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) United Arab Emirates 9.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 84 GDP ($ billions) 402.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,360 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 30,552 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 85.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 5 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 19.1 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 12,079 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 72,443 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.8 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.1 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 8 Threatened species, birds 7 Threatened species, fish 14 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 72.8 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.2 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.2 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,190 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 68.2 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,407 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,389 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 19.9 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 16 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2,665.3 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 96 Rural (% of rural population) 95 93 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 80 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.8 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 11.7 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 219 United Kingdom Population (millions) 64.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 242 GDP ($ billions) 2,678.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,680 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 35,557 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 82.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 28,162 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,630 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.3 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 27.9 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 5 Threatened species, birds 4 Threatened species, fish 43 Threatened species, higher plants 15 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 827 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.9 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 6.1 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.6 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,973 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.3 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,472 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.3 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.6 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.9 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,262 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.0 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 84 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.9 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.0 7.7 220 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) United States 316.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,147 GDP ($ billions)16,768.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 53,470 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 44,957 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 81.3 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 63,269 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,340 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 13.8 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 35 Threatened species, birds 75 Threatened species, fish 236 Threatened species, higher plants 277 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5,683 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.3 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.5 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 30.4 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,250 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3,030 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,032 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.2 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 13,246 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 68.4 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.4 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 17.6 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,914 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.0 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 40 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 98 Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 96 Rural (% of rural population) 100 93 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 72 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.1 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.5 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.1 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 221 Uruguay Population (millions) 3.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 175 GDP ($ billions) 55.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,180 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 14,076 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 95.0 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 87 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.3 .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 10,975 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,925 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.5 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –2.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.7 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 22 Threatened species, fish 38 Threatened species, higher plants 22 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 59.4 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.8 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 20.5 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.7 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,309 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 29.3 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,810 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 28.1 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 62.6 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 27,061 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.0 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 95 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 96 Rural (% of rural population) 96 93 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.8 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.1 7.7 222 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 30.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Uzbekistan 425 GDP ($ billions) 56.8 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,880 7,114 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,592 6,243 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 36.2 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 63 66 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,183 5,070 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,766 3,136 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.7 10.5 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.2 –0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.4 5.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 7 Threatened species, higher plants 17 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 10.9 1,036 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –0.8 –3.9 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –4.9 2.0 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,628 2,080 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 2.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,626 2,954 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 80.5 65.8 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 19.5 17.9 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.7 5.3 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 540 2,710 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 342.7 31.6 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 67 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 95 88 Rural (% of rural population) 81 89 84 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 94 47 Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 36 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 91 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 43 23 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.6 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.7 8.9 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.4 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.1 3.6 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.4 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.3 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.6 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.5 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 223 Vanuatu Population (thousands) 253 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 12 GDP ($ millions) 828.2 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,130 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,861 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 25.5 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 15 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,839 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 633 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.1 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.2 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 7 Threatened species, birds 9 Threatened species, fish 15 Threatened species, higher plants 10 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 57.8 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.4 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.04 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 4,110 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 20.5 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 159 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 88 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 58 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 55 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 65 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.4 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.4 17.5 224 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Venezuela, RB 30.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 882 GDP ($ billions) 438.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,550 9,542 7,604 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,894 7,878 6,164 Urban population (% of total) 88.9 79.0 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 9,210 4,576 1,160 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,390 4,161 4,391 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 51.8 48.2 29.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.6 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 53.0 21.4 16.1 Threatened species, mammals 34 Threatened species, birds 38 Threatened species, fish 37 Threatened species, higher plants 77 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 227 11,967 93,789 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –2.2 –0.1 1.6 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 17.6 10.0 8.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.0 14.3 8.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 480 14,860 52,070 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3,569 39,988 50,160 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,380 1,292 1,893 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.9 16.0 8.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,313 1,985 2,932 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 31.5 37.3 74.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 68.5 55.1 20.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.9 2.7 5.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 26,476 22,124 6,910 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.8 2.2 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 71 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 94 93 Rural (% of rural population) 75 82 85 Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 81 74 Rural (% of rural population) 57 62 62 Urban (% of urban population) 94 86 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 8 47 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 10 33 81 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 18 20 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.3 17.3 36.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.1 11.2 14.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.8 5.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.6 3.8 3.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.4 5.7 19.4 The Little Green Data Book 2015 225 Vietnam Population (millions) 89.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 310 GDP ($ billions) 171.4 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,740 5,536 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,464 4,520 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 32.3 50.9 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 48 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 476 822 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,425 5,184 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 45.4 29.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –1.6 –0.4 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.5 15.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 52 Threatened species, birds 40 Threatened species, fish 73 Threatened species, higher plants 177 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6,098 115,605 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 5.7 3.4 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 14.0 9.1 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.7 2.2 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,270 137,690 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,056 56,537 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 697 1,671 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 24.0 10.1 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,073 2,582 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 69.8 80.9 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 30.1 14.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 4.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,006 4,376 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 22.8 10.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 73 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 91 88 Rural (% of rural population) 94 85 84 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 75 67 47 Rural (% of rural population) 67 58 36 Urban (% of urban population) 93 76 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 30 55 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 92 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 20 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.4 47.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.4 16.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 2.2 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.6 2.2 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.1 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.3 28.4 17.5 226 2015 The Little Green Data Book Virgin Islands (U.S.) Population (thousands) 105 Land area (sq. km) 350 GDP ($ millions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 39,812 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 32,117 Urban population (% of total) 95.1 80.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 18,497 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,953 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 56.9 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.8 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.3 13.9 Threatened species, mammals 2 Threatened species, birds 1 Threatened species, fish 16 Threatened species, higher plants 12 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.48 37,398 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –1.6 –1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 2.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.0 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 200 82,210 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2.6 15,504 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 4,877 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 8,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 11.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,269 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 96 Rural (% of rural population) 96 93 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 76 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 The Little Green Data Book 2015 227 West Bank and Gaza Population (millions) 4.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 6.0 GDP ($ billions) 11.3 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,070 3,456 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 2,654 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 74.8 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 23 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,510 .. 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,583 2,561 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.5 2.4 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) –0.1 –0.1 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.6 6.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 3 Threatened species, birds 8 Threatened species, fish 0 Threatened species, higher plants 0 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 4,159 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 3.0 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 12.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 2.7 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 5,700 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 217 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,376 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 0.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,696 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 91.7 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 5.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 3.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 195 656 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 51.5 121.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 90 88 Rural (% of rural population) 82 83 84 Urban (% of urban population) 82 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 93 80 36 Urban (% of urban population) 95 93 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 25 28 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 26 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 5.2 27.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.0 10.0 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 12.4 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 8.1 17.5 228 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 24.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Yemen, Rep. 528 GDP ($ billions) 36.0 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,330 3,456 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,208 2,654 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 33.5 60.1 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 23 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. .. 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,008 2,561 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.0 2.4 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.0 –0.1 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.8 6.1 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 12 Threatened species, fish 24 Threatened species, higher plants 162 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 210 4,159 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 4.4 3.0 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) .. 12.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.3 2.7 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 5,700 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) 9.3 217 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 312 1,376 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.5 0.9 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 193 1,696 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 91.7 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 5.5 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 3.9 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 86 656 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 169.8 121.9 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 86 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 55 90 88 Rural (% of rural population) 47 83 84 Urban (% of urban population) 72 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 53 88 47 Rural (% of rural population) 34 80 36 Urban (% of urban population) 93 93 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 30 28 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 26 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 27.9 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.6 10.0 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.1 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.5 12.4 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.9 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.4 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 8.1 17.5 The Little Green Data Book 2015 229 Zambia Population (millions) 14.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 743 GDP ($ billions) 26.8 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,810 1,686 2,074 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,333 1,382 1,768 Urban population (% of total) 40.0 36.7 38.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 32 44 46 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 341 673 932 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,532 1,433 3,079 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 66.1 27.7 27.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.8 16.4 11.9 Threatened species, mammals 10 Threatened species, birds 16 Threatened species, fish 20 Threatened species, higher plants 14 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 107 6,652 47,230 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 1.3 1.8 2.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 12.1 15.6 10.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. 11.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 124,480 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 58,917 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 621 681 686 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 80.2 57.6 26.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 599 535 736 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.3 65.1 72.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.7 20.0 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 1.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,516 4,120 3,047 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.0 3.0 19.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 73 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 63 64 88 Rural (% of rural population) 49 53 84 Urban (% of urban population) 85 85 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 43 30 47 Rural (% of rural population) 34 23 36 Urban (% of urban population) 56 41 66 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 17 27 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 5 72 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 87 92 59 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.7 23.8 28.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.1 8.6 8.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.3 3.6 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 5.7 2.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 10.4 1.6 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.8 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.0 6.7 17.5 230 2015 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 14.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Zimbabwe 387 GDP ($ billions) 13.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 860 1,686 728 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 836 1,382 637 Urban population (% of total) 32.7 36.7 30.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 228 673 332 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 724 1,433 2,158 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.7 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–2011) 1.9 0.5 0.6 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 27.2 16.4 13.8 Threatened species, mammals 9 Threatened species, birds 14 Threatened species, fish 3 Threatened species, higher plants 17 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 20.6 6,652 12,351 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) –3.8 1.8 3.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2013) 19.8 15.6 5.2 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. .. .. Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 15,120 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 27,808 25,817 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 697 681 359 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 64.2 57.6 66.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 757 535 219 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 25.6 65.1 30.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 73.6 20.0 45.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 866 4,120 4,875 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 34.3 3.0 4.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 80 64 69 Rural (% of rural population) 69 53 61 Urban (% of urban population) 97 85 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 30 37 Rural (% of rural population) 32 23 33 Urban (% of urban population) 52 41 46 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 17 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 72 78 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 14 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 89 92 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 23.8 23.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 0.2 8.6 7.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 3.6 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 5.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.4 1.6 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 4.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.1 1.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.7 9.2 The Little Green Data Book 2015 231 Notes a. Data series will be calculated upon finalization of the ongoing revisions to official statistics reported by the National Statistics and Censuses Institute of Argentina. b. Refers to area free from ice. c. Includes South Sudan. 232 2015 The Little Green Data Book Glossary Access to improved sanitation refers to the percentage of the population using improved sanitation facilities. The improved sanitation facilities are likely to ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. The improved sanitation facilities include flush/pour flush (to piped sewer system, septic tank, pit latrine), ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine, pit latrine with slab, and composting toilet. (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation; data are for 2012) Access to improved water source refers to the percentage of the population using an improved drinking water source. The improved drinking water source includes piped water on premises (piped household water connection located inside the user’s dwelling, plot, or yard), and other improved drinking water sources (public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, and rainwater collection). (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation; data are for 2012) Acute respiratory infection prevalence is the percentage of children under age five with acute respiratory infection in the two weeks prior to the survey. (United Nations Children’s Fund Joint Monitoring Programme for Water and Sanitation; data are for the most recent year available during 2007–12) Adjusted net national income per capita equals gross national income minus consumption of fixed capital, energy depletion, mineral depletion, and net forest depletion, divided by midyear population. (World Bank; data are for 2013) Adjusted net savings equal gross savings minus consumption of fixed capital, plus education expenditures, minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and air pollution damage. (World Bank; data are for 2013; air pollution data are for 2010, the most recent year available) Agricultural irrigated land refers to agricultural areas purposely provided with water, including land irrigated by controlled flooding. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2012) Agricultural land is arable land, land under permanent crops, and permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as land under temporary crops (double- cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2012) The Little Green Data Book 2015 233 Glossary Agricultural productivity is the ratio of agricultural value added, measured in 2005 U.S. dollars, to the number of workers in agriculture. Agricultural productivity is measured by value added per unit of input. Agricultural value added includes that from forestry and fishing. Thus interpretations of land productivity should be made with caution. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank; data are for 2013) Air pollution damage is the damage due to exposure of a country’s population to ambient concentrations of particulates measuring less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5). Damages are calculated as productivity losses in the workforce due to premature death and illness. (Data on health impacts from exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution are from the Global Burden of Disease study; data are for 2010) Aquaculture growth is the exponential change in aquaculture fisheries production for the period indicated. Aquaculture is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. Aquaculture production specifically refers to output from aquaculture activities, which are designated for final harvest for consumption. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 1990–2013) Capture fisheries growth is the exponential change in capture fisheries production for the period indicated. Capture fisheries production measures the volume of fish catches landed by a country for all commercial, industrial, recreational, and subsistence purposes. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 1990–2013) Carbon dioxide (CO2) damage is estimated at $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted. (World Bank estimates; data are for 2013) Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita are carbon dioxide emissions divided by midyear population. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, World Bank, and United Nations; data are for 2010) Cereal yield measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2013) Consumption of fixed capital is the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production. (United Nations; data are extrapolated to 2013 from the most recent year available) Coral reef area is a country’s area of coral reefs, which are shallow marine habitats defined both by a physical structure (corals) and by the organisms 234 2015 The Little Green Data Book Glossary found on them. (See The World Atlas of Coral Reefs (2001), UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Deforestation is the permanent conversion of natural forest area to other uses, including shifting cultivation, permanent agriculture, ranching, settlements, and infrastructure development. Deforested areas do not include areas logged but intended for regeneration or areas degraded by fuel-wood gathering, acid precipitation, or forest fires. Negative numbers indicate an increase in forest areas. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2000–11) Diarrhea prevalence is the percentage of children under age five who had diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the survey. (United Nations Children’s Fund; data are for the most recent year available during 2007–12) Education expenditure is public current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. (United Nations; data are extrapolated to 2013 from the most recent year available) Electric power consumption per capita is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants, minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants plus imports minus exports divided by midyear population. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2011) Electricity generated by hydropower is use of hydropower as a percentage of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2011) Electricity generated using fossil fuel is use of coal, oil, and gas as a percentage of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2011) Energy depletion is the ratio of the value of the stock of energy resources to the remaining reserve lifetime (capped at 25 years). It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal. (See World Bank 2011 for details; data are for 2013) Energy from biomass products and waste is energy from solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, industrial waste, and municipal waste as a percentage of total energy use. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2011) Energy use per capita refers to apparent consumption, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2011) Fisheries production, total, measures the volume of aquatic species caught by a country for all commercial, industrial, recreational and subsistence purposes. The harvest from mariculture, aquaculture, and other types of The Little Green Data Book 2015 235 Glossary fish farming is also included. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2013) Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2012) Freshwater withdrawal, agriculture, is withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production as a percentage of total freshwater withdrawal. (World Resources Institute; data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators 2015, Primary data documentation.) Freshwater withdrawal, total, is total water withdrawal, excluding evaporation losses from storage basins and including water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of internal renewable resources because river flows from other countries are not included, because extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable, or because there is significant water reuse. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Resources Institute; data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators 2015, Primary data documentation.) GDP is gross domestic product and measures the total output of goods and services for final use occurring within the domestic territory of a given country, regardless of the allocation to domestic and foreign claims. GDP at purchaser values (market prices) is the sum of gross value added by all resident and nonresident producers in the economy plus any taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2013) GNI is gross domestic product plus net receipts of primary income (employee compensation and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is in current U.S. dollars, converted using the World Bank Atlas method (see World Development Indicators 2015, Statistical methods). (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2013) GNI per capita is gross national income (GNI) divided by midyear population. Gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total consumption, plus net transfers. (World Bank and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; data are for 2013) Internal freshwater resources per capita are internal renewable resources, which include flows of rivers and groundwater from rainfall in the country but excludes river flows from other countries, divided by midyear population. (Refers to data reported to the Food and Agriculture Organization as of 2013) Land area is a country’s total land area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. 236 2015 The Little Green Data Book Glossary In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2013) Mangroves area is a country’s total area of mangroves, which are plants of a variety of different species, including trees, shrubs, palms, and ferns, that grow in the tropics and subtropics in saline intertidal coastal habitats, such as estuaries and shorelines. (See The World Atlas of Mangroves [2010], International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, The Nature Conservancy, Food and Agriculture Organization, UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain—and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features—that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment. (United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute; data are for 2012) Mineral depletion is the ratio of the value of the stock of mineral resources to the remaining reserve lifetime (capped at 25 years). It covers bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, gold, silver, and zinc. (See World Bank 2011 for details; data are for 2013) Net forest depletion is the product of unit resource rents and the excess of round-wood harvest over natural growth. If growth exceeds harvest, this figure is zero. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank estimates of natural growth; data are for 2013) PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure, is the average level of exposure of a nation’s population to concentrations of suspended particulates measuring less than 2.5 microns in diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas. (Data are provided by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington; data are for 2010) PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) is the portion of a country’s population living in places where mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 are greater than 10 micrograms per cubic meter, the guideline value recommended by the World Health Organization as the lower end of the range of concentrations over which adverse health effects due to PM2.5 exposure have been observed. (Data are provided by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington; data are for 2010) Population includes all residents who are present regardless of legal status or citizenship except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. (United Nations; data are midyear estimates for 2013) Terrestrial protected areas are totally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares that are designated as national parks, natural The Little Green Data Book 2015 237 Glossary monuments, nature reserves, or wildlife sanctuaries; protected landscapes and seascapes; and scientific reserves. It includes World Conservation Union–protected area categories I–VI. (United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute; data are for 2012) Threatened species, birds, are the number of species of birds classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2014) Threatened species, fish, are the number of species of fish—cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the superclass Pisces—classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2014) Threatened species, higher plants, are the number of native vascular plant species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2014) Threatened species, mammals, are the number of species of mammals— excluding whales and porpoises—classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2014) Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. (United Nations and United Nations Children’s Fund; data are for 2013) Urban population is the share of the midyear population living in areas defined as urban in each country. (United Nations; data are for 2013) 238 2015 The Little Green Data Book References Lim, S.S., T. Vos, A.D. Flaxman, G. Danaei, K. Shibuya, et al. 2012. “A Comparative Risk Assessment of Burden of Disease and Injury Attributable to 67 Risk Factors and Risk Factor Clusters in 21 Regions, 1990–2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.” Lancet 380: 2224-60, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8. World Bank. 2011. The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. World Bank. 2015. World Development Indicators 2015. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. The Little Green Data Book 2015 239