19163
                                                          ,-

    Low- and middle-Income economies

0   East Asia and the Pacific

    Europe and Central Asia


·
·
    Latin America and the Caribbean

    Middle East and North Africa            -. -
·
0
    South Asia

    Sub-Saharan Africa                             "..~


    High-Income economies

0   OECD

0   Other
                                       --
    No data




                                                               ..
                                                                ~   ':-




2\1999   World Bank Atlas
J




    t


            .....




        I
                            Introduction

                            The World Bank Atlas, now in its 31st year, provides a quick view of the state
                            of life on our planet, measured by key development indicators and illus-
                            trated by colorful and informative maps. For quick reference , the data are
                            also displayed on each page in summary charts and tables.
                               The World View section focuses on development goals for the 21st cen-
                            tur y and the challenges of economic stagnation in the wake of the East
                            Asian financial crisis. People, Environment, and Economy presen t data on
                            more traditional development topics. States and Markets provides indicators
                            of private investment and infrastructure, reflecting the interplay of a wide
                            range of development issues. And Global Links documents the forces of
                            global integration with data on trade, financial flows, and tourism.
                               Every effort has been made to standardize the data and to observe interna-
                            tional definitions and classifications, but differences in statistical and
                            collection methods mean that the indicators are not always strictly compa-
                            rable. The quality of the data also remains a major issue. As in earlier edi-
                            tions, brief descriptions of the data are included in the technical notes,
                            and more detailed notes are available in the World Development Indicators
                            and its CD-ROM edition, which also includes full time series.




'11999   World Bank Atlas
Introduction                                                                        Introducci6n

L'Allas de La Banque mondiale, publie pour la 31 <an nee, offre un apen;:u rapide   EI World Bank Atlas, ahora en su trigesima primera edicion, ofrece un
de la situation des etres humains, en se fondant sur des indicateurs c1es du        panorama sucinto de las condiciones de vida en nuestro planeta, medidas
developpement et en synthetisant cette information au moyen de cartes en            por un conjunto de indicadores fundamentales del desarrollo e ilustradas
couleurs. Pour plus de commodite, les donnees utilisees figurent egalement sur      con mapas informativos a todo color. Ademas, en cad a pagina se presentan
chaque page sous forme de tableaux et graphiques recapitulatifs.                    datos en graficos y cuadros condensados para su consulta rapida.
   La section Perspective mondiale est centree sur les objectifs de developpe-        La seccion titulada Perspectiva Mundial se centra en las metas en materia
ment it I'horizon du XXI< siecle et sur les graves problemes que pose la            de desarrollo para el sigIo XXI y en los problemas de estancamiento
stagnation economique au lendemain de la crise financiere de I'Asie de              economico surgidos tras la crisis financiera de Asia oriental. En las sec-
l'Est. Les sections Population, Environnement et Economie fournissent des don-      ciones sobre Poblaci6n, Medio Ambiente y Economia se presentan datos sobre
nees sur les themes c1assiques du developpement. La section Etat et Marcke          los aspectos mas tradicionales del desarrollo. La sec cion sobre Estados y
presente des indicateurs sur I'investissement prive et les infrastructures, et      Me1'cados contiene indicadores sobre inversion privada e infraestructura,
temoigne de I'interaction de toute une gamme de problemes de developpe-             que reflejan la interaccion de una amplia gama de aspectos sobre el desa-
ment. La section Interactions economiques mondiales, enfin, apporte des infor-      rrollo . En la seccion sobre Integraci6n Mundial se examinan las fuerzas que
mations sur les forces qui poussent it la mondialisation, avec des donnees          impulsan la integracion mundial con datos sobre comercio, f1ujos
sur les echanges commerciaux, les flux financiers et Ie tourisme.                   financieros y turismo.
   Bien qu'on se soit efforce de normaliser les donnees et de respecter les            No se han escatimado esfuerzos para uniformar y observar las defini-
definitions et classifications internationales, les differences de methodes         ciones y c1asificaciones internacionales, pero dadas las diferencias que exis-
statistiques et de collecte des donnees fon t que les indicateurs ne sont pas       ten en los metodos estadisticos y de recopilacion de datos, los indicadores
toujours strictement comparables. La qualite des donnees demeure aussi              no son siempre estrictamente com parables. Ademas, la calidad de los datos
un probleme majeur. Comme dans les editions anterieures, les notes tech-            sigue constituyendo un problema importante. Como en ediciones
niques decrivent brievement les donnees, tandis que des notes plus                  anteriores, en las notas tecnicas se incluyen breves descripciones de los
detaillees figurent dans la publication WoTld Development Indicators et dans        datos presentados, y en WoTld Development Indicators y su version en CD-ROM,
sa version CD-ROM, qui com porte aussi des series chronologiques                    que tambien incluye series cronologicas completas, se presentan mas notas
completes.                                                                          pormenorizadas.




                                                                                                                                             1999 World Bank Atlas   17
                           World View

                           The strong performance of many developing countries from 1991 through
                           1997 raised expectations that the international development goals for 2015
                           might be attainable. But the turmoil of the past 18 months has put the
                           global financial system at risk and threatens to undermine the social and
                           economic progress achieved over many years. Developing countries have
                           lost momentum in achieving the goals of halving poverty, cutting infant
                           mortality by two-thirds, and enrolling all children in primary school. The
                           most dramatic setbacks have been for the crisis-hit countries of East Asia.
                           Forecasts today show that reducing poverty by half would take them 2 to 10
                           more years than was thought just a year ago.




'119"   World Bank Atlas
Per.pectlve Mondlale                                                             Per.pectlva Mundla.

La bonne performance de nombreux pays en developpement, pendant la               EI dimlmico desempeno de muchos paises en desarrollo en tre 1991 y 1997
periode 1990-1997, a accru l'espoir que les objectifs de developpement           acrecento las expectativas de que podrian, alcanzarse las metas interna-
retenus au plan inter-national pour 2015 puissent etre atteints. Mais l'agi-     cionales en materia de desarrollo fJjadas para el ano 2015. Sin embargo, la
tation des 18 derniers mois fait planer l'incertitude sur Ie systeme financier   crisis de los ultimos 18 meses ha puesto en peligro el sistema financiero
mondial et menace de remettre en cause de nombreuses annees d'acquis             mundial y amenaza con socavar el progreso economico y social logrado en
economiques et sociaux. Les pays en developpement ont ete freines dans           el curso de muchos an os. Los paises en desarrollo han perdido impulso
leur elan pour reduire de moitie la pauvrete, reduire des deux tiers la mor-     para alcanzar los objetivos de reducir el nivel de pobreza a la mitad, dis-
talite infantile, et assurer une scolarisation primaire a tous les enfants.      minuir en dos tercios la mortalidad infantil y matricular a todos los ninos
Mais ce sont les pays d'Asie de l'Est, frappes par la crise, qui ont accuse Ie   en la escuela primaria. No obstante, los retrocesos mas espectaculares se
recul Ie plus spectaculaire. On prevoit aujourd'hui qu'il leur                   han registrado en los paises de Asia oriental afectados por la crisis. Los
faudra deux a dix ans de plus qu'on ne Ie pensait il ya tout juste un an,        pronosticos indican que, para reducir la pobreza a la mitad, estos paises
pour reduire de moitie la pauvrete.                                              necesitarian entre dos y diez anos mas de 10 que se habia previsto hace solo
                                                                                 un ano.




                                                                                                                                        1911 World Bank Atlas I I
     The International community has
     set ambitious goals for reducing    GOAL:            reduce poverty by
                                                          half by 2015        GOAL:                           reduce infant mortality by
                                                                                                              two-thirds by 2015                 GOAL:               primary enrollment of
                                                                                                                                                                     100 percent by 2015
     poverty and closing the large
     gaps In social development In the   Poverty   r~te                       Infant mortality rate                                              Net primary enrollment ratio

     next century. Meeting these

     goals will require a strong
                                                                              -        1990        I   RegIonal goals for 2015
                                                                                                                                 Deaths
     commitment by developing                                                                                                    per 1.000
                                                                              100       60       60        40         20    0    live births




                                                                                    --
     countries. a renewed effort by
     International development
     agencies. and considerable
                                                                              .............
                                                                                  201S .....
                                                                                                                 ~.


     support from advanced countries.
                                                                                                                                 ElIstAsla
                                                                                                         41           I I        and the
                                                                                                                                 Pacific




                                                                                                                8
                                                                                                                "
                                                                                                                2                Europe and
                                                                                                                                 Central Asia


                                                                                                                                 latin America
                                                                                                         41           I I        and the
                                                                                                                                 Caribbean


                                                                                                                                 Middle East
                                                                                              60                      I          and North
                                                                                                                                 Africa




                                                                                  87                            II               South Asia



                                                                              100
                                                                                                                                 Sub-Saharan
                                                                                                                                 Africa


                                                                              Source: _       Bank ...rr esUmIl\eS.




10   119·· World Bank At las
                                                                                                                                                                                          f)
                                                                                                                                                                      Just two years ago these
GOAL:                gender equality
                     in enrollment by 2005      GOAL:                       access to reproductive
                                                                            health for all by 2015              GOAL:                access to reproductive
                                                                                                                                     health for all by 2015       ambitious goals seemed quite
                                                                                                                                                                attainable, but recent setbacks
Girls' primary enrollment as a share of total   Tota l fertility rate                                           Births attended by skilled health staff       In East Asia, reverberating across
                                                                                                                                                                          the globe, are making
                                                _     1997
                                                                                                                                                                               them less likely.
                                                                                                 Births per
                                                e       5         4     3     2          1   0   ~mM




                                                ~
                                                IIw8I fertility



                                                                            .1
                                                                            2 ,,1_ _             East Asia
                                                                                                 end the
                                                                                                 Pactflc




                                                                             ...
                                                                        2.7 _1 __
                                                                                  -
                                                                                  1 .7
                                                                                                 Europe end
                                                                                                 Central Asia


                                                                                                 Latin Amedca
                                                                                                 andUoe
                                                                                                 Cal1bbean


                                                                                                 Middle East
                                                              3 .6           1                   and NorUo
                                                                                                 Africa



                                                                  3.5        I                   South Asia




                                                5.5                          1                   Sub&lharan
                                                                                                 Africa


                                                Soun:e: _     BanI< stell HIImoI...




                                                                                                                                                                           1999 World Bank Atlas 111
   The flnanclal crisis that spread     East Asia tumbled ...                               Shock waves traveled the globe
   from East Asian countries
                                         GOP fell in many econom ies                            Commodity prices plunge d
   reduced GOP on average by an

   estimated 8 percent In the flve      Korea, Rep.                           Philippines   _       Agricu~ure    _     Metals and minerals    _      Petroleum

   countries most affected. A long-                                                                    WOIId Bank commodity PIIce Index,   1.geO ·   100
                                                                                                120
   maturing flnanclal crisis In Japan

   contributed to a 2-3 percent                                                                 100

   decline In output there, further
                                                                                                 80
   dimming the prospects for

   neighboring countries and                                                                     eo
   magnifying the shock to the
                                                                                                 40
   rest of the world.
                                        Malaysia                              Indonesia          20

                                                                                                   o
                                                                                                                         _
                                                                                                       s..-: _ _ _ ~ _1998
                                                                                                       1ge5    1ge6 1997



                                                                                                Pri va t e ca pita l fl o ws dri e d up


                                                                                                       Net prtvate capital flows (lncIudIrW KIne) S blHlons
                                                                                                300



                                        Thailand                              Japan             250



                                                                                                200



                                                                                                150



                                                                                                100
                                                                                                       1ge5           1996        1997         1998
                                                                                                       SoonI :   _-'_~                     _ _.
                                        Source: World Bank staff estimates.




12 11911 World Bank Atlas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        CD
                                                                                                                 Will the future bring renewed growth--or stagnation?

    Intercst   r~tc   spreads wIdened aftcr Russl" 's def"ult on August 1998                                     DevelopIng country growth fell by more than half

_      Predelault         _      Postelelault                                                                    Growth 01 low- and middle-income country GOP, 1970-2001

          Baals poInta over UBOR
    300



    225



    150
          I              ·           I               ·            I




     :: II .1   Koru, Rep.

          ---.-~--.
                                              Maiaysl.
                                                                           I II
                                                                          PhIlIppIneS            'nIaIand




    Currencies Cilmc under pressure

                                                                                                                                                                           Gradual economic recovery Is
          __-=-_rale_l_ndex_.;..($...;per_Ioc8I QII'_18_nc:y)...;.;;·
          Elu:IIqe                       __                                           _ _
                                                                    ...;1_99_7_Q..:.1_. 100 __



    100-_._
    120                                                                                                                                                              possible In 1999. but there Is a
                                                                                                                                                                     risk of further decline. By 2001




     : =..:: :~=.            ~- s - ;                                                               ::.                                                              and beyond, developing country
                                                                                                                                                                                growth should rebound.




     40                                           ?r
                                                                                             ·       IndoneeIa
     20                          -'




      ---,.-- --
      0 _________________________________

          117Q1      97Q2      97Q3       97Q4      II8Q1 98Q2 II8Q3 98Q4




                                                                                                                                                                                                          1911 World Bank AUas 113
                                                GNP per capita, 1997                            GNP per capita, 1997                                 GNP per capita, 1997                             GNP per capita, 1997
                                                World Bank Atlas                                purchasing power                                     World Bank Atlas                                 purchasing power
                                       Rank     method               $                 Rank     parity method        $                      Rank     method               $                  Rank     parity method        $
  Note how countries can change

   ranking depending on whether

  their GNP per capita Is converted                                                                                        2U3O
                                                                                                                           29,080                                                                                                 7,730
  from national currencies Into
                                                                                                ~
  dollars at prevailing exchange
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ' ·.t30
                                                                                                Cayman Islands                                                                                                                    7 ,190
   rates (Atlas method) or Into                                                                                            26,sao                                                                                                8.&70
  International dollars that would
                                                                                                                           24,400                                                                                                 6,890
                                                                                                                           24.a&O                                                                                                60570
   buy the same amount of goods
                                                                                                                           2 4,260                                                                                               6,560
  and services In a country's                                                                                                                                                                                                    8,610
   domestic market as $1 would buy                                                                                         23,450                                                                                                6,510

  In the United States (purchasing
                                                                                                                           2S.oso                                                                                                8,490
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 6,470
   power parity method).                                                                                                   22,210                                                                                                8,480
                                                                                                                           22,010                                                                                                6,350
                                                                                                                           21,7S0                                                                                                s.oiIo
                                                                                                                           21.300                                                                                                 5,690
                                                                                                                           2U70                                                                                                  5.100
                                                                                                                           20,710                                                                                                 5,090
                                                                                                                           20.100                                                                                                5.060
                                                                                                                           19,660
                                                                                                                           19,510
                                                                                                                           19,010
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ..,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  5,030

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4,820
                                                                                                                           17.880                                                                                                    i780
                                                                                                                           17,420                                                                                                 4,700
                                                                                                                           ~180                                                                                                     '.eBO
                                                                                                                           15,690                                                                                                 4.580
                                                                                                                              ;
                                                                                                                              .180                                                                                               ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 .....,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ...
                                                                                                                           .13.430                                                                                                4,270
                                                                                                                           ~
                                                                                                                           12,540                                                                     lithuania                   4,140
                                                                                                                           '12.2040
                                                                                                                          ll,88O
                                                                                                                           1O.~                                                                                                  "(!eO
                                                                                                                           10,380                                                                                                4 ,060
                                                                                                                           !@XI                                                                                                  ~



                                                                                                                            ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3.970
                                                                                                                            M
                                                                                                                            . Jl                                                                                                  ....I

                                                                                                                            9,110                                                                                                 3.870
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ~
                                                                                                                            8,6 50                   Jamaica                     1.550 ~ Pa l'8ltuBY                              3,860
                                      Note: Rankings include all 210 Atlas economies. but only those with confirmed 1997 Atlas GNP per capita estimates or those in the top 20 are shown, See the Economy table (pages 42-43) for country
1411999 World Bank Atlas              notes.
          GNP per capita, 1997
          World Bank Atlas
                                                            GNP per capita, 1997
                                                            purchasing power
                                                                                                            GNP per capita, 1997
                                                                                                            World Bank Atlas
                                                                                                                                                           GNP per capita, 1997
                                                                                                                                                           purchasing power
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CD
 Rank     method                       $           Rank     parity method          $                 Rank   method                      $       Rank       parity method           $




                                                                                                                                                           .·
                                                                                                                                                                                                   The Atlas method of calculating



                                                                                                                                                                                  ~
                                                                                   3,670         _          Mauritania                  440 ~ PakIstan                             1,580          GNP per capita converts national
                                                                                                                                                                                  '~

                                                                                   3,570                    Nicaragua                   410                _
                                                                                                                                                           {
                                                                                                                                                           Azerbaijan              1,520
                                                                                                                                                                                                        currency units to dollars at




                                                                                                                                                           -
                                                                                                                                                                                                         prevailing exchange rates,
                                                                                   ~
                                                                                   3,390
                                                                                                                                                                               .. !i-. I         adjusted for Inflation and averaged
                                                                                                            Lao PDR                     400                Bhutan
                                                                                                                                                                                  ueO j
                                                                                                                                                       I

                                                                                   ". 1
                                                                                   3,340                                                                                           1,450
                                                                                                                                                                                                   over three years. Because those
                                                                                                            Mongolia                    390                Moldova                                       rates do not always reflect
                                                                                   3,3aO 1
                                                                                                                                        380 . _
                                                                                                                                                           .~'lhe.
                                                                                                                                                           Turkmenistan
                                                                                                                                                                                  1;4fO
                                                                                                                                                                                  1,410
                                                                                                                                                                                             I     differences In prices, purchasing
                                                                                   3,230                    Haiti
                                                                                   8.210 1                               -.DlIiillH" . . . ..
                                                                                                                                         .                                        "',870     I   power parities are used to convert
                                                                                   3,180

                                                                                   3,080
                                                                                                            Zambia


                                                                                                            Gambia, TIle
                                                                                                                                        370

                                                                                                                                        340
                                                                                                                                                _:
                                                                                                                                                a :        Central African Republic 1,310
                                                                                                                                                           '-~
                                                                                                                                                           Congo, Rep.
                                                                                                                                                                                  1,300
                                                                                                                                                                                  1,290
                                                                                                                                                                                         I
                                                                                                                                                                                                     GNP per capita estimates Into
                                                                                                                                                                                                   international dollars to provide a

                                                                                   3,070     1                      . . _.
                                                                                                                        _.    ~ CIImbQdI·
                                                                                                                              ,,'L .' .'                                          1',290 I           standard measure of real price
                                                                                   3,000                    Togo                        340 .   2iII       Benin                  1,260                     levels across countries.
                                                                                             I
                                                                                                                         ~~" ' HeIII
                                                                                   2;960                                                                                          .1.280
                                                                                   2.860                    Uganda                    lM330                Kenya                  1.160
                                                                                   2.810 1
                                                                                                              -          -.- u Mti!fJ                      ~.                     1.160




                                                                                                                                             -
                                                            Guyana                 2.800
                                                            Equaeortal Qulnea                                                     -. ~~~                                           1.100
                                                                                                            SAo Tom6 and Principe       290                Bangladesh              1.090
                                                                                   2,540                    !IM! ;- --       - - -.'   --.~. . 'Nepal                              1,090
                                                            Lesotho                2,490                    Nlgaria                     260 : ..
                                                                                                                                            Eritrea                                1,040
                                                                                                            .--a.-.-
                                                                                                                                       .·.1, _
                                                            Papua New Guinea                                                            ~I_ Burkina F8IO                           1.000
                                           860     sAl      Sri Lanka              2,460                                                260     114        Guinea-Bissau
                                                            KlflbatJ                                                                                       Chad                        950
                                                  ......-
                                                   SAl      Solomon Islands        2.270                                                250 . UI           Zambia                      910


                                                                                                                                        .
                                                                                                                                       ,1
                                           800
                                                  -' -      Honduras               2.280                                                                                               900
                                                                                                                                        .     ',. . Madapacer
                                                            Zimbabwe               2,240                                                230 . . Nigeria                                860



                                                                                                                                       ._"I
                                                            ~ RePubllc             2.180                                                        Npr                                    830
                                                            Albania                2.170                                                230     JIO        Angola                      820
                                                                                                                                                           eonso. Dem, Rep.

                                                                                                                           1
                                                                                                                         · - --
                                                            UInInI                 2.170                                                                                               760
                                                            Georgia                1.980                                                210 : _            Mali                        720
                                                            ~




                                                            ...
                                                                                   1,820                                                                                               120
                                                                                                                                                tD4.
                                                            Guinea

                                                            CilI"""
                                                                                   1,790
                                                                                   1,710                                      -
                                                                                                                                        210
                                                                                                                                       --~                 -
                                                                                                                                                           : --.
                                                                                                                                                           Malawi                      700
                                                                                                                                                                                       890
                                                            COte d'ivoire


                                                            India
                                                                                   1,690
                                                                                   :1.;890
                                                                                   1.660
                                                                                                                             --" ~i !
                                                                                                                                        1 6 0 .;           Rwanda

                                                                                                                                                           ~a
                                                                                                                                                                                       .,
                                                                                                                                                                                       650

                                                                                                                                                                                       620
                                                            MIUIIUInia             1,660                                                UO··. . ·EUilajle                              500
           Kyrgyz Republic                 480   ..J!!... Ghana                    1,610                                                110 am Sierra Leone                            410
a. Estimate used for ranking purposes only. b. Data for GNP refer 10 GOP.
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1 999 World Bank Alia s 115
                           People

                           Living standards have improved for people the world over in the past 25
                           years. Infant mortality rates have been cut in half-from 107 per thousand
                           live births in 1970 to 56 in 1997. Life expectancy at birth has risen from 55
                           years to 67 years. And in general the world's people today are healthier,
                           better fed, and better educated. But we should not be complacent about
                           the future : economic and social turmoil and the continuing spread of
                           HIV/ AIDS put the futures of millions of people at risk .
                               Improvements in health and education are not just a means to social
                           progress-they are a major part of it. Good nutrition and access to health
                           care mean that fewer people become sick and fewer suffer early deaths.
                           Better health and education mean that workers can be more productive
                           and that couples can make informed decisions about the number and spac-
                           ing of their children. And with better health and education, people make
                           still more investments in the health and education of their families-a vir-
                           tuous circle of investments and outcomes.




1811911 World Bank Atlas
Population                                                                     Poblaclon

Les niveaux de vie ont augmente partout dans Ie monde au cours des 25          En los ultimos 25 aiios las condiciones de vida han mejorado en to do el
dernieres annees. Les taux de mortalite infantile ont ete divises par deux     mundo. Las tasas de mortalidad infantil se han reducido a la mitad, de 107
- de 107 pour mille naissances vivantes en 1970 a 56 en 1997. L'esperance      decesos por cada 1.000 nacidos vivos en 1970 a 56 en 1997. La esperanza
de vie a la naissance est passee de 55 a 67 ans. Et, d'une maniere generale,   de vida al nacer ha aumentado de 55 a 67 aiios. Ademas, en terminos gene-
les individus sont en meilleure sante, mieux nourris et mieux eduques.         rales, actualmente la poblacion mundial goza de mejor salud, esta mejor
Mais il ne faut pas se laisser aller a un optimisme exagere : l'agitation      alimentada y tiene mejor educacion. Sin embargo, no debemos darnos por
sociale et economique et la propagation continue du VIH/SIDA font peser        satisfechos con respecto al futuro: la crisis economica y social y la conti-
une menace sur l'avenir de millions d'etres humains .                          nua propagacion del VIH/SIDA amenazan el futuro de millones de
   Ameliorer la sante et I'education n'est pas simplement servir Ie progres    personas.
social- pareille amelioration est un element majeur de ce progreso Grace          Las mejoras en materia de salud y educacion no son solo una forma de
a une alimentation satisfaisante et a I'acces aux soins de sante, moins        lograr el progreso social: son parte esencial de dicho progreso. Una nutri-
nombreux sont ceux qui tombent malades et meurent prematurement. En            cion adecuada y el acceso a la atencion de salud se traducen en un menor
meilleure sante et mieux eduques, les travailleurs sont plus productifs et     numero de personas enfermas y menos muertes prematuras. Con mejores
les couples peuvent decider en connaissance de cause du nombre de leurs        niveles de salud y educacion aumenta la productividad de los trabajadores
enfants et de l'espacement de leurs naissances. Et, dans ces conditions, les   y las parejas pueden adoptar decisiones mas informadas con respecto al
etres humains investissent encore davantage dans la sante et l'education de    numero de hijos y al espaciamiento de los nacimientos. Cuando la
leur famille - enclenchant un cercle vertueux d'investissements et de          poblacion, ademas de disfrutar de un nivel de educacion mas alto, es mas
resultats.                                                                     sana, invierte aun mas en la salud y la educacion de su familia, 10 cual pro-
                                                                               duce un circulo virtuoso de inversiones y buenos resultados.




                                                                                                                                       19 ·· World Bank Atlas 117
                                    Life expectancy


                                    Life expectancy at birth, 1997                                  Esperance de vie ill la naissance, 1997                                                         Esperanza de vida al nacer, 1997
                                    The average number of years a newborn baby would live           Nombre moyen d'annees que vivrait un nouveau-ne si les                                          Numero de anos que vivirTa un recien nacido, en
                                    if patterns of mortality prevailing for all people at the       tendances de la mortalite observees pour I'ensemble de                                          promedio, si las tendencias de mortalidad de toda la
                                    time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.    la population au moment de sa naissance restaient                                               poblaci6n en el momento de su nacimiento se
                                                                                                    inchangees tout au long de son existence.                                                       mantuvieran constantes durante toda su vida.




                          -
              ..   ~

                                             ~              - ~ -',                           "
                                                                                              ,..                                       -~                                                  't, r   .,, ~            Q..                        }
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  .-:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ~~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   .- .
              o                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       .

                                                          ~                                          -- ~                                                                                   I
                                                                                                                                                                                            ,         "'.~d~l~ -,':                                                                   \
                       55-64                                   .o.        ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ..
     . ,.:-   o        65-69                              "
              o        7~74
     ..-...
       1 .
              ·        750rr,,~.~
                                                              ""I,       ,~             }                           0.,                              rf                                                                                   ·                      . .,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             v.; ..       !rrr..          ~
              0·'



                                                                                                                                                                            ..

                                                                                                                                                                                                               Economies                  GNP            Population                GNP per
                                                                                                                                  ................................... -..                                                                       $          millions                 capita
                                                                                                            East Asia & Pacific                                                  t59                                               mllll_                    1997                        $
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1997                                              1997
                                                                                                         Europe & Central Asia                                                   ell
                                                                     ·   Less than 55
                                                                     0   55-64                       Latin America & Caribbean                                                   10                  Less than 55    40         159,752                        555                        290

                                                                     o   65-69                       Middle East & North Africa                                              61                      55-M            22       . 62(),3!)1 .                  1.429                     430
                                                                                                                    South Asia                                              62
                                                                                                                                                                                                     65-69           33       2.490,837                      1,180                   i1io
                                                                     ·   70-74                                                                                                                       70-74           51       3:21i:'636
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ....................... . .       1,737                   1:850
                                                                                                            Sub-Saharan Africa                                      51                                                      23,630,839 .                       916                  25,800
                                                                     ·   75 or more                                                                                                                  75 or more      52      .. .. " ...............
                                                                     o   No dala                                   High income
                                                                                                                                               .... ................
                                                                                                                                                                                       71            No data         12              11,328                      3                   3,690
                                                                                                                                  o         20           40           60           80 100



18119 ·· World Bank Atlas
Tasa de mortalidad infantil, 1997                                                                 Taux de mortalite infantile, 1997                                         Infant mortality rate, 1997
NLimero de defunciones de niiios de menos de un aiio de                                           Nombre de deces d'enfants de moins d'un an pour mille                     The number of deaths of children under one year of age
edad por cad a mil nacidos vivos.                                                                 naissances vivantes.                                                      per thousand l ive births.




                                  -
                                                                                                                                               ...

                                                                            .. ,
                      ·
                          ~


                              Less than 10
                                                                                                                                                ~J
                                                                                                                                                                                                          \(                     )
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \        ,~ .!N:t.-· . . -\e!..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ·              ·   4'




        : .:~         o
                              10-24
                              25-49
                                                                                                                                                                                                           I
                                                                                                                                                                                                           ,                .~«.L~ I Io., ~.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   J
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ':' . ',
                      o                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   """to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         'I
                                                                                                                                                                                                          J
                                                                                                                                                                                                          .l
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ~" ,
                              50-99
        -. :.....
  ...
                      ·       100 or more                                                                                                                                                                                     ~ ' I, (
                      o       Nodata                                                                                                                                                                                                                      .: ",




                    Economies                      GNP               Population      GNP per
                                                          S            mlilloni       capita
                                            mlilloni                      1997               S              East Asia & Pacific         .. ..
                                                                                                                                    Ior-==- -....
                                                 1997                                     1997           Europe & Central Asia                                                        Less than 10 ·
                          46      24,056,442             956
                                  .. , .............. ' ..........
                                                                                         25,170     Latin America & Caribbean                                                                10-24    0
                          56       1,813,111             581                              3,120
                                   3.372:339 .. . .. '2":218                       ...   '1,520     Middle East & North Africa I...........               49                                 25-49    0
                          32
  50-99                   45    "T7i435                                  1,832              420
                                                                                                                   South ASia ·                                 77                           50-99    0
  100 or more             20            98,062
                            ................. ... . ..
                                                                           232 .            420
                                                                                                             Sub·Saharan Afri ca                                     .91.              100ormore ·
  No data                 H             11,354                               1           15,730                     High income                                                             No data   0
                                                                                                                                    o         20     40    60   80 100



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1 9 99 Wor ld Ba nk Atlas 1 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               'lliil'a.'V ...... "v.




Acceso al agua potable, 1995                                                                                               Acces ii une eau salubre, 1995                                                                      Access to safe water, 1995
Porcentaje de la poblaci6n que tiene suficiente acceso a                                                                   Pourcentage      de    la   population                     ayant             un           acces     Percentage of the population with reasonable access to
una cantidad adecuada de agua potable,                                                                                     raisonnablement satisfaisant              a une            quantit~ ad~quate                        an adequate supply of treated or uncontaminated water,
                                                                                                                           d'eau salubre,




                              "."


                            o
                                       Less than 40%

                                       40--59%
                                                                                                                       . 'X~
                                                                                                                                                                          : ..1




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ~~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    'J;ffJ.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    '.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       '..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    /~ . <.,. ;",(-:~: .- ·· ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            f -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    . .-  .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             "'~.!'.

                            o          6~79'l6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         to:                            t::'..,~~    _   ·      '      t....

                            o ~94"
 ...1.... '
  \.
              ,.
                            ·          95'16 or more
                            -          Nodata




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            .


                     Economies                                 GNP           PopulatIon                 GNP per
                                                                                   mll__                 capita
                                                                 $
                                                         mlillone                    1997                            $              East Asia & Pacific ~          .                            .            77
                                                           1997                                              1997                                               -.-.-.--..-.-...         -.-.-.-.~.~.- -        ......                     ........................................
                                                                                                                                 Europe & Central Asia        n.a.                                                                           Less than 40%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ...........................................·
  Less than 40%                      18               54.435                             202                   270
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ~.




                                                                                                                             Latin America & Caribbean                                                      7S                                            40-59'11. 0
  40:::59% ········ .. ·····26 ··
  60-79'11.
                                                    389;595'
                               38 ' 9;'643;610 '" " '1;14'5 " 8;420
                                                                                         542                    720
                                                                                                                             Middle East & North Africa   .
                                                                                                                                                          L... :.. . _... . . .                :--="'1 II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .............................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          60-79'Jf. 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          80-94% .,
  80-94%                       32 ·2;979;390·..· .... · 2':743 .... 1;090                                                                   South AsIa                            -
                                                                                                                                                                                                            · 111
  95%ormore                    34 10;355;'525' ..........·· 480 2'1;570                                                             Sub-Saharan Africa    I --                        ... ~7                                                      95% or more ·
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ..................................................
                            '''62 ...... 6;702.188                                     ·708 ..··9;470
  NOdata.......................................................................... .........· ..........................                    High income   t::. ::::: ....:::::: .......             H   ..........   ~.!'...                               Nodata ·
                                                                                                                                                          o          20           40           60           80        100


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1911   World Bank Atlas         I 21
                                              Change in personal spending


                                              Private consumption per capita growth rate,                   Taux de croissance de la consommation privee                     Tasa de creclmlento per capita del consumo
                                              1990-97                                                       par habitant, 1990-97                                            privado, 1990-97
                                              The average annual percentage change in a country' s          Taux moyen annuel de variation de la consommation                Variacion porcentual anual media del con sumo privado
                                              private consumption per capita.                               privee par habitant.                                             per capita de un pais.




                                   --
                                                                                                   "   ..

                                                  . .... J        ..~ .......


                                                                                                                                                               ~~, (
                        ''1>
                                                                                                   ":~



                    o
                               Less than 0%
                               Q-().9%                                                                                                                         t 4:
                                                                                                                                                                   ..,
                                                                                                                                                                    ':       .~          .    I                   ·"   l!u'"':.~'.' . '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     '10:                       ~~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \!..,
                                                                                                                                                                                  ",                    f -                      .                        ~
          ])        o          1.(~..1.9%
                                                           ...                                                                                                      .,              '.            r;:' - .:'lII____
                                                                                                                                                                                                     ..                     ~,.                     'I "
                    o          2.0-2.9%                                                                                                                            1'.


          .                                                                                                                                                                                                                                .,
    ,
    ~
          .-. -
        , "I
                  · ·

                    o
                               3.0% or more

                               Nodata
                                                                      "                                                                            ·                                              /        .. -   ''<,1 \.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     _ ··          I.      t!




                                                                                                                                                           ·




                                                                                                                                                                                         Economies                   GNP          Population            GNP per
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       $            million.             capita
                                                                                                                    East Asia & Pacific                              7.0                                          millions             1997                   $
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1997                                  1997
                                                                                ·   Less than 0%                 Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                    Q..O.9%                  Latin America & Caribbean                                        Less than 0%            46       1.593.433                707              2.260
                                                                                ·O iQ:.:Lg;,;;·              Middle East & North Africa                                       0-0.9%                  20       6.684.949                464             1.'I,'I~~
                                                                                                                                                                              1.0-1.9%                19      14.834.730                6 35            23.370
                                                                                o   2.0-2.9%                                South Asia
                                                                                                                                                                              2.0-2.9%                17           Dio6:278 .           519              2.710
                                                                                ·   3.0% or more                    Sub-Saharan Africa                                        3 .0% or more           34   ········4:689:·880 ·
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .   ...       3.119
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     . ..............    1.500
                                                                                o   No data                                High income                                        No data                 74          915,473                 376            2.430
                                                                                                                                          -2   o   2   4       6         8



22 1 1999 World BanK Atlas
Porcentaje neto de matricula de mujeres en la                                 Taux net de scolarisation primaire feminine,                                  Female net primary enrollment ratio, 1996
escuela primaria, 1996                                                        1996                                                                          The ratio of the number of girls of official school age
Proporcion entre el numero de niiias en edad escolar                          Pourcentage des filles d'age scolaire inscrites                   a i'ecole   enrolled in primary school to the number of girls official
oficial matriculadas en la escuela primaria y el numero                       primaire .                                                                    school age in the population .
de niiias en edacl escolar oficial.




                                 -
                                                                                                                    ....
         '"
                     .   ~                                 ..   (.     \.J7   ', ,--~:



                 ·

                 o
                             Less than 40%
                                                                                                                         ":.!
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \(          I   ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           "\
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      · . ... ~ .~ .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              I              . ---.:;.:..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                .

                  o
                             40-59%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 t
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ,         '''i~~':",- .':\
    ··If



  ... -...
     -

  ~. ~
      ':         o
                ' ·
                             60-79%

                             80-94%
                             95'16 or more
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ~

                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ~ .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                I,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ~'                    ,- ...~



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             (~
   ; "(
                 o           Nodata                                                                                                                                                                                                                    '."       ~~~ ~


                                                                                                                                                                                                          .


              Economies                  GNP      Population   GNP per
                                             S      millions     capita                                                                                                                                               2%
                                     millions         1997              S              East Asia & PaCific                           47
                                        1997                         1997
                                                                                     Europe & Central Asia                            48                                    Less than 40% ·
  Less than 40%           10          29 ,989           160        190          Latin America & caribbean    ".8.                                            ···· · .. · .......... ............·40-59%   ' '0
  40-59%                   9    ....... 6~,83t!          113       570          Middle East & North Africa                           '45                                               60-79%             "0
  60-79%                  13           277.547           128     2,170
                                                                                               South Asia                            43                                                80-94% ....
  80-94%                  35     2:830:852 '             664     4,260
                                                                                       SubSaharan Africa                             45                                         95% or more ".·
  95% or more             34    23:056:943            2 ,285    10,090
  No data                109     3:865:5752,476                  1,570                        High income                             49                                                No data           '''0
                                                                                                             o      20          40         60   80 100



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1999 World Bank Atlas 123
                                       ""'-1""'-1_ -
                                            .-             - -- - -
                                                              -        ..........
                                                                         awraee
                                                                                          %of
                                                                                       poPJlation
                                                                                                          UIo

                                                                                                         ...,
                                                                                                        .. _
                                                                                                                        -IQIId
                                                                                                                       -:ally - 1                     =-
                                                                                                                                                      ..... -
                                                                                                                                                         Not


                                                                                                                                                        moot
                                                                                                                                                                       lobo<                                               ""'-1""'-1- -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ---      --
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             -              ..........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                %of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             IXJI)U'atJoo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 UIo

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ...,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               -poet.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               81_              --- -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  _I    -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                - ..... -           CI1I1d    1    1101


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ,.-,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  moot


  Economy
                                        thousands
                                          1997       I      " I""'"
                                                         per )'e8/'
                                                         1990-97
                                                                        % &rowth
                                                                        1990-97
                                                                                         access
                                                                                          with
                                                                                          1995
                                                                                                         )eMS
                                                                                                         1997
                                                                                                                      per 1.000 I , , _.
                                                                                                                      li¥e birltls
                                                                                                                         1997
                                                                                                                                        weiflt
                                                                                                                                      1992-97'
                                                                                                                                                          %
                                                                                                                                                        1996
                                                                                                                                                                        %01
                                                                                                                                                                        to,,"
                                                                                                                                                                       1997        Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Jloou..ros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1997
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I        "
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             per rear
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1990-97
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              annual
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             " IfCMUl
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1990-97
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                with
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1995
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ,.....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1997
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                per 1.000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                live births
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1997
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              I   "under·
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   weight
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1992-97 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    %
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1996
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   "of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   '''''''
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1997

  Ate.hanist.a~.                         24,965               2.9                              ~() . . . .. 45                  151           40           15            35        ~ctJad~r..l~,937                                     ...... .2...2          0.2               55
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ..... . .... .........            70                  ~ .....·.·. ~               . ~ .......... ~
  AI.b~n.ia                   ...            3,324 ..... 0 ..2              .6.C)           J6                    72        ...........
                                                                                                                                  26               "' 1.0)' ......~1               ~pt!ArabR.ep .... f3(),3~ ...... 2.0                                        2.1      84                       88                  M             ~               88           3
  AI.e"ri.a.. ...... . ....... .. .. .29,31.8.                2.3         -1.3                                    70              32          13           91            26        ~I..S.alv!1d.or .  !i,928 ...... .2...1                                     4.-.2. . !i3..                    69                  .32 ......... 11            ,7.8. .. .. 35
  !\1Yl.erican .S~IYl~a.. . ... ...........62..               3.9                                                                                                                  Equatorial Guinea                               420          2.5            3.4}3. .                             50              108                                      .3.5
  Andorra.                           .. .. ....6.4.           3.1                                                      ............ ~                                              ~riire~                 '                 ): 773             2.6                                 ..7... .. 51          ......... 62             44              29           47
  Angola                                  11.659              3.3         -9.9                 32                 46            125       .. 3.5...               . .... 46        "stonla                                 . ~,458.           -1.1              -1.7                                70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ................   .. ....... 10                            sf '         49
  Ariiiii~a · an~ . s.ilrii~a........ 6 . 6 . i > . 5 9 5 .... .. 75'                                                             17    ... ~O .......... :: ..                    "ttliop.i~ . . . . . . . .. 59,750.                          2.2                3.2          .. ~6...            43              107            48            .1 .8 .    41
  Ar~.enti.na..                           3!i,Ei 77 .. .... .1...3                             65                 73              22            2                                  ~a"roe. lslands                           ... .. 44
  Armenia                                 .. :3,7,8 7 .... ..O.!l.        -9.4                                    74              15                                               F~i           ...            _ . . ......!l1.5 ....... I ...5                                  .9.0. .           73               18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 . . . . _. .. . . . .. . . . 8    ..:: .......... 29.
  Aruba                                           89 --_._ ..... - .............. .
                                                              4.4                ..               ..               77               8                                              Finland                         ..... !i,1.4() .......()..4..                ...{J.8             9./1       .... !7                   4                        ..9i}........4:8
  Australia                        ....1EI,5.3.2 .... . 1..2.                2.-4 .......... ~9 .. ...... .18 ............ !i                              95            43        ~ra~C<! . .                              58,Ej07()·5 ... ..... .0. 7                         ~CI() ........ .18 ..                    5                        100               45
  Austria .                                  8,()72 ... ....0..6 ...... ...1..4...... ,'.                          !7               5                 .. 1Q() ..         40        French Guiana     .....                         157
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             . . ....... ..                                            ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    .....             "
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 . ..... .                                            . ..
  Azerbaijan ..               ...          7,EiO().().9                                                 ........ .1~ .. ...... ..20           10                         44        f.re~c~ . I'0f¥nesia.                . ..... .2.2.4 .. .... .1...9 ... .. .. .. ... :. ........                  72 ..... .. .. . 11 ..                        103      0

  .B~h.alYl.a~ .. !~~..                         289           1.7                      ..... .~4 ...... .74..                     17                                     47        Gabon              .......... 1,1.5.3 .. .. .. 2.6                           -3.3 ....... 137. ......... 52...... ....87
   Bahrain                       ...... ..... Ei2() ....... 3..()..                 . .... ~()() ..                73               9                      99
                                                                                                                                              . 7 ......... .            20        (iamt>i.a!.!he~,l.8.1                                        3.6 ....... ::<>...2 .......... ?o. ..              53 ...........78 ........ .26                  .5.7.. ... . 45
  B~nIP.a~e.sh.             .. . 123,Ej33 ...... 1 ...6 ........ 2:. ...         3          ..El4 ...... 58                       75       .. 56.......... ::..          42        (ie0rl1ia..                     . .. 5,427 ..... ::<> ..1                                ..... ,'........... !3. .......... 17.                                   87             47
  B~rbado~                       . .......... 2.6.5 ...... .0. . 4. . 1 , C ) ( ) .. . ... .16 ...........14                                    6                        46        (;er~ny                             .. 8:2,()71 ...... 0 ...5 .........0 ..9. . ..... .'......                   77                   5                       lQ()               42
  B"lar~s. .                     .        10,2.670.0 ....... :-:5.2. .                      . .. ,'....           68              12                       84            49        Ghana                                  ..l!,985..2·7 ........ 0 .. 9 ..                     ... 135. ......... f3() ...........66                        27     .................51
  B"I.~i.ulTl ....            . .         1(),~9() .... 0 ..3.               0. 7                                  77 ............ 6                    .. ~             40        Greece ........ ...... ......... 1~,522 .. 0 ..5 ..... 1:.0                              .... .. ,',' ...... 78 ..                                                90             37
  1l"lize .                   . ..... ...... 230 ....... 2 ..8 ..... ... 2 ..    5...       . .~3.... .            75             32            6 ...... ~ ....... ~               Greenland                            .. . ..... 56 . ....    0.1                                    ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ............... .    68                24
   Benin .......... .......... !i,7.9.6 ...... .2.9 .                     ...{J: 1 ........ .12......... .53                      88          ~            ~             g         Grenada                                           9f3 ...... 0 ...3 .........2.1 .......... ~5. ....             72                24
  Il"rmuda                       ........ ......6.3 .. .0 ..5 .. . . . . ': . . . . .                              75                                                              (;UaclelouPl! .                           . . 427            1.3                                                 77                   9                                          45
  Il~utan ..                     .      .. 73.7 .            .2.9                     ........ El4 ... .... 1)~6:3 . . . . 38                                ..      .. 40         Guam
                                                                                                                                                                                   .. . . ......                        . ... . .. 146
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   .. .. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1.2                                                 77                   8
   Bolivia                                   7.767            2.4            1.0               70                 61              66            8            ..          38        Guatemala                         . . 1(),5.19....... 2...6                     I.f3        .. 67                64               43                     27                      27
  ~OSniaan<lHe.rze.e()Vina : j:~~6.: ::g.i .............. :: ..... :::.:                                           . '.:: 'j~ ...... . .. ..         .::;::"' )8                   (;~in"a.                                    6,!j2() .......2...6                1..~ ... .. 5.5. ... ~Ei                       120                       24                      47
   Botswana                                   1.533           2.6          -5.3                 70                 47             58          27           83            46        (;uinea,-aissau                   .         ~,137 .          2.2                4.7              53              4.4           130                       23                      40
   Brazi.I.... ··                    i~~:6.S~1.4j .6j9~7 .. .... ....3~ .......... 6 . ··········                                                                        :35       (;uy~nll ..                                     sa           0.9                              .. /33. ....... 64.......... 58                            18       9().           }3
   Brunei                                       308           2.6..                                                76               9                       91           35        fjai.t.i. .                                7,4.9 .2 ..... .2.1                                 }9 ........ 54                      71                    28
   1l~I~ari~ ...: : : ~.:312~.7~i.()                                                               ..              7i       ......1~.           ..   : . 9i : :48                  fj~n.d~ras. .                               5,~              2.9 ...... .. 0 ...5 ....... .. .!7 ..              69                36 ......... 18 ..........9.1 ..              3.1 .
   Burkina Faso                           10,4 7 4            2.4            0.4                   ..              44             99          33            24           47        Hu~ary                       . . . . l0,1.55 ..... ::<>.3.                   -1:5 ........ ......... 1I .......... .10 ......... ,' .. ... ...... .9.6 ..                        45
   Il~runtii ·····                        .~.~352.4~·.i                                 :: ~ :· ..... 42 ......1.19.                     .38 . . ········         .. :·49          Icela.n~ ..                                     271 .......0.9:-:().5                     .. ~~() .              79                   6                        ..9.8 ..          .~5...
  Cambodia                                 10,480             2.7                ..             13                 54           103           38             ..          52        India                  ..... 9f3~,3.78 ......1.. 8                              4.1      ...... 135.       . . 1)3 ...........71                         53
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ....    ............ .. 32
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       .
   Carneroo~ ..                         i~,~362.S::O.~                                        . ~L' 57~~ ::::. ::..                                  ..    ::38                    In.done~i.a .......... 2()(),390 ....... I ..7 .........6.. 4 .. ....... 135. .. ... .. 1)5. .                                     47                    34    ..9.5 .           40
   Canada                                 30.287              1.2            0.5               99                  79               6                       94           45        Iran,lslamicR"p.                        .f3(),(j29 .......1...6.                0.6~()1)(j ...........32                                                 16      .813 ......... 25
   ~~;";\ie;(jejoi.2.32.2~!                                                                                     .. 685~ ......... '.' ·············                      39        Iraq                                   . 2~,847              2.7                              7.7. ..... .. . 58 .             112                       12   .7.1            .. J9...
   Cayman Islands                                 36                             ..                ..                                                        ..            ..      Ireland                              . . 3,E)61.. . .0...6 ....... 3.6.. .......... 7Ei ........... 5                                                                            34
   ~~ntr~iA~ic~riR~publiC:3,411l                              2.1       : 0.0'                 ;1:(45. ..........98 ......... 2.3                      ..........    . ..... . .   ISI".ot..M.a.n                      ........ .16.                                           . " .... ....... .
  C;~ad .... .         7,153 ....... 3...1 . . . ::<>'13.             24      49 ........ 100..      39    .....3:3 .......... 45                                                  Israel               ............ 5,!l3.6                    } ..2 .. .. .. ...3,.?      . . \l9.                77                                                              40
  Channel Islands         19        0.6                                ..     78              6        ..         ..                                                               It"lx                        ..          57,523().2 .... ... ..0.2..                        . ......... 7.8.                          5                       lQ()               3.8
  Chile               '14:622 "
             ···········             1.6            7.6 9 1 7 5 ·······i1 ....                         1 · · s7                  33                                                Jamaica                   ........... ~,s.5:4 .......().9..... 2.4                          ... ~3...            75 ..... ......1:2                      10                      46
  Chi~~            1,227:i7'71.1 · · 8 .8· ·
                         ·                                            83       70            32      16102"45                                                                      J.,!'"~ .... . 126,()!Jl .. ().3 ..... ... .1.'? .......... 9.13 ...                                           . 80                   4                      ..10:3.~ ..
    : 1i()~Ko~;~~ina~:~fi·!l ........ .3·!l. : : : : : :                       79        .3       ....                             7          · . 9.i : 3.                         Jor<lan . .                              . ~,4.37 .......4.8                    0 .5        . ~ ........ .11............29                               10
   Colombia. . .      4(),()42       1.9 ....... .. 2...2 . ........ .15..... 7() ........ . 24 .     .8 .           . ......... 3.8                                               ~"khstan .                ....           1!i,ao1 ..... ::<>.. 5 .... . :-:1.0...5. . . ....,'.. .                65                24                      8
   Comoros                518        2.6         -5.2                 48      60             65      26         47               42                                                 K"n>"'. .....                            2~,Ej12.. ... 2.8 ...... ...0.3..                 . .. ~5. ......... 52. .... ..... 7 4                        23
   conii~.~~R.ep .    4~:7093.2 .... .. ::9 ..2 ...... : ·5~j234                                              · 4i ·             «                                                  Kiribati
                                                                                                                                                                                   ..... . ..                                        83          2.0                  ..         100                60
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . ... . . ......................... ... . ............................. . . ........ .        60
   ~n~o!R."p:...     ....  2,708 ....... 2...8 ....... 1.7. ................ g ...........90 ......... 2.4.. .  . c: ... ... 43                                                     K~rea,[)e.m:flep. . ....... ...          2~,!l9.3 .......1...6..                       . .. ~()() ......... 1)3. ...........56 ..                                                43
   Costa Rica              3,464         1.8           1.5         100       77           12             5                   30                                                    ~~rea,flep. .             . . . . . 4!i,\l91 .......1..0 ......... 5.. ~ .. .. ~3.                               72                   9                           9:3 ......... .~1.. .
   COied;l~oirei4:2i:i.                  2.9::2.5                 ' 72       4787 '24                           4733                                                                K~wait..                 . .. ...... ... ~,8O!l ..... -2.3                                .. ~()() ..... 7Ei ...........12                              11       53              31
   croaiiii: ::
   Cuba
                 . .       4:76S0.0::::3.S: : .. 1)3 ... .... 12...
                          11,059        0.6              ..          91      76
                                                                                          .9
                                                                                           7            8      100
                                                                                                                       '   .44
                                                                                                                             39
                                                                                                                                · i :.::8.2                                        ~yr~R"pu~li~..4,635 .......0..8 ....... -:-,9.·.6 ..... ..... 131. ......... 67. .......... 28
                                                                                                                                                                                    Lao PDR                          .... .. ~,!l4.9 ....... 2.. 6                             ... 5.~ ......... 5.3.. ... . ...98..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            40
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     93
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     69
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     47

   C;.P;~S             .     7 4 7 1 j ' 1 1 j ( i i j .. ... .18 ........ 13. ............. .: ~39                                                                                ~al\li.a                             . 2,465-:-,1.1 ... .... 1 .. 0. .                            .,' ........ 6(j..               15                             87
   c;zl!ChR.ep~bIlC10,:104 ..... ::<>...1 ...... ...3.2. . . .             74 ............ 6 .. ..... .. . .1 ........... f!.1 .... .... .. ~7                                      Lebanon                          .... ~,1.46. ......1...9..                    5.8         . ~~ ...... 7() .. .. ...... 28 ...........3.
   Denmark                                 5,284            0.4            2.8
                                                                           75              6                             99                 46                                     ~e~t.h~2,014                                                  2.2-:-,5.11)2. . !iEi ....... .. 93 ........ .16.                                                   76              3.7 ..
   ~jib~~ti3~6:3:0. .                                                         ::           . ~. · · ·······   !;Q · i06
                                                                                                         2.3. "          27            .. .
                                                                                                                                        · .. .                                     ~i.beria2,886. ..... 2...4 .. ......... ::                                               ..... }o. ..            47 . . ....111) ... .... :10.                                    39
   Dominica..                                74             0.3   0.4  92  76            16                                                                                        jjby., ... . .............. . !i,201 .... 2.3                                               ... 9.5. ..          7.() . . . ....2~. .                      5                     P
   Domini<:a~ . ~e.PlJblic.               8.107             1 . 9 1.8 7 3 7 i           40                 6             83                 30                                      Uechtenstein                                      31


24119 ·· World Bank Atlas
                                    .....-1...-.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      -- -- .- 1- -
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               - -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Not




-,
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                                    thousancls
                                      1997
                                                  1



                               ..... j;i06····· '.:{)j.
                                                       "'"
                                                          "  yoor
                                                       199<>-97
                                                                  .... on.....
                                                                     "II""'"
                                                                     199(>-97
                                                                                       popu/8don



                                                                                         1995
                                                                                                          years
                                                                                                          1997
                                                                                                          71
                                                                                                                          per 1,000
                                                                                                                          INoblr1lls
                                                                                                                            1997
                                                                                                                                 10
                                                                                                                                              " . . -.
                                                                                                                                               .....
                                                                                                                                             1992-97'
                                                                                                                                                    ..
                                                                                                                                                                  "
                                                                                                                                                                1996
                                                                                                                                                                                 ....
                                                                                                                                                                                 "'"
                                                                                                                                                                                1997
                                                                                                                                                                                  48
                                                                                                                                                                                               -,                                  _I 1997
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    po,,...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1~7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      "
                                                                                                                                                                                               !)in.l!aJ)(lre. . . . :3,1.04 .... 2..~.. . ...5...1~()()
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    IMUII
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  " I/OWIh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1990-97
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    "'"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1>OIlUI~



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1995

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          76
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  yon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1997
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          .....""'1.000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               hot,;r1/IS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1997
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 " under·
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  WOWIt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1992-97'         "
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1996


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            .. · .... 39
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ...."
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1997



~U~;;;b~~r'
Macao
                                     ·:::422 : : )':.(
                                         448             2.6
                                                                        O.6)~ ::: ~
                                                                       3.0                                78                       5
                                                                                                                                             .. : .:............ ::.
                                                                                                                                                    ..
                                                                                                                                                                                  ~(
                                                                                                                                                                                  42
                                                                                                                                                                                               !)IOIIII.k .Rep'u.bliC.
                                                                                                                                                                                               Slovenia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   .. ? ,3.8.3 ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1,986
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   0 .3 .... ::2:.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  -(l.1        3.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ........ :... .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            98
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          73
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          75
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4 ......... 1,4..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5                          94
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       48
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ..................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       46
MacedOnia:·FYR.. ·.. "                1;9'9io.7                         :;.0                                7 2 i 6 .............                                95               41           SOiOmooisiands · .. ······4 0 3 i2                            .......     . ......... .................... ... .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            64            70                                                       .. .:47. ...
M.j,(j.s.:a': .. ·.. ··: j:~;1.~                       ·::2.·~·::·::~ff .                y;        :''':::: ~!    94 ....... 3.4.                                62 .       . 45.....          somiilla · ·                           8: hs ' i.7      "                    37            47          122             39                ..             43
Malawi
               ..                   10,276               2.7
                                                               ..
                                                                       4.7
~:=: : .··· ·· ·········::: 21 ;~~ .::::~:! ·······{f ·::::.:~ .:·····: ~~ ::::: !r : : :~~
                                                                                             60            43               133                   30             71 ................
                                                                                                                                                              ..10?'
                                                                                                                                                                               49
                                                                                                                                                                               37
                                                                                                                                                                            .. :43....
                                                                                                                                                                                               SOUiiiiii",;a ················· 40;604 .... ·· 2.0
                                                                                                                                                                                               spaiii         ··
                                                                                                                                                                                               S~ .Ll!n.k<I ..... .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   39;3230:2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ..: 3~ ;~5:2           :::::: i)'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             -(l.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ···4.2 .. ·· 70 '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            59            65 ...........413
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          78
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          73
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9 ·············
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ..'        i(i4;j6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       38
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      .. .. ............... ........... .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      38         .      .. ...        }6..
~aiii~:~o : :? :s ....... ~1..~::··· 4s. .                                                               >:O:           : jl~ :::::::40:                         22            46              ~t : ..(ltt.s a.nclfjevls          .......41 ..... ~.,4..                 100              70
Malta        375 .....0:.8 ........... :: ..... ... ;i()() ........ .!7............ .!.....  .....                                                             100             27              St. Lucia                 .............. 1.5!j      0 .9                  100              70       .....111
Marshall Islands
              60                                                                                                                                                                               St. Vincent & the Grenadines 112                     0.7       -3.4                        73            18
Martinique   393······ '1:3·· .. ·· .... ·                           79              7
                                                                                   92 . " .....                                                                   .. .......... :47.           ~iid~~                ..:          2! ; :;3.7'j.( .. ... ..                  (;0 .      .. ?5. ........ ii.}4                            .,::: j9
Mau,itanii.2;46i· 2.8                 ·i s            64         "'53                       23                                                                   53             44             Suriname                                  412       0 .3                     89            70            29              ..              ..             33
M.au~I~s: :...............
~.ayo!l~
                                    Ji.:~        ::i.2
                                 .... .... 1.013. ...... :'..
                                                                    :. ).~ ...... 100 ..... ::!i.:
                                                                                ..................... :.... .. . .
                                                                                                                  20                    ... .... .1.5.
                                                                                                                                            .............. .
                                                                                                                                                                 98             32             S~8iilaiid
                                                                                                                                                                                               S~Sdeii         ···· · -·
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ·          95S ··
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      S:849
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  · 3.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ··0. 5        · ::O. i
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    60  · 6065 · 10·" .. 9 i 3 8 ·
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ..· 794         ·· io2; .............. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     4.8...
Mexico                              94,349 1.8                        -(l.6                  95           72                                      14                              32           Swiuerland                   ····· i:088 ······0.8                  :..0.5 ··       100   ·79· 5   ..                 40
Mlcronesiii:·Fed:·sis·. ···         ···iii2.i                       ''''''.:.                22 ··      ··67                                                                                   ~YiI~n~ra:ti: ~ep~blici~:ii9.s . j·f                               :: ~:.S:jj8. .               : ~~)1· ·                    .:.::i.:3:            87      ···· 26··
M.oi~~a :···                          {3.1.2: ::~}                  j2./:i                   56        '''' 67                                                         .......... 49..         !ajlklstl!n                           f3,()17.         .1...8...             . ......... /i9. ......... f38 .......... ~              .                            44
Monaco                                      32                                          100                 ..                                                                                 Tanzania                             31,316             3 .0        -(l.8                49              48      ...... 132         31             48 .. .. . .....49. ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  .. .
M.orifPiia .. ······· .. ·     :::: ) ;~42 ::.: 2..~ ::::::::.,                         .. !i~ ·.:::::.: ~~ .····· 52· :                    ..... i.:2.   · 83::··         47                  !h1!1I.an.d                 .:::: ~;@            ::::: :1..2...... :::s.¥           .   1111 ..          69        .... :3:3 ..                                    46
Morocco                     27,310  1.8    0 .7           57    67                                                            51                  10               65      35                  !"&o. . .                                :4,3.4.5 ...... .3..~.. .. ~2.,3 ......... 5.5. ..              49             86           19            72         ::::~o: ::
h.4o~a;;;bl~u~" " · · " · 3~;~ :··: }~.·;:i:.5 ···· 24 · .. ·· j 5                                                        ...1.J !;..             26 ·         ....~ ... ::~s.                 !o~SII ............ .        .      ......9t3             0 .3               ..... ;i()() ........ !()                  22
Myanmar                     43,893  1.1    3.6            60    60                                                             79                 43                       43                  !ri~i.dlld..a"d!o~~ .. .                 1, ,~0.1         0 .8     ...O.. ~ .......... 9.6. .... .... .!3.              12                     ....8.9 ......... .3.3.. .
Namiiila                  ··· 1;623 2.6  ..i .B ........ ·6056                                      ·' 65 ........ 26                                              . . · · 4i ·                Tunisia                                  9,215            1.7         2.0                90              70             30            9            96              31
Ne P ·· .. ·· ·· ··· ·······22j2i ··· 2.5··
    8i
NeU,e'lands            ···     ···15;6iii · 0.6
                                                                       ·2'.1'         59 ····57 ·········8.347·
                                                                    ·· ·i.is·· ... ·· 9978                5 ...... ....... '
                                                                                                                                                                  ·······40
                                                                                                                                                                  9940
                                                                                                                                                                                               !uri<eL                    ··::.: ~~;:;45          ·· XS: ... .2)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ·:                            : : .:             '6 9 4 0 · 1.0.                            94
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .... · 37 46'
                                                                                                                                                                                               Turkmenistan                             4,658            3.4             ..             60
~~ih~,iiMi(js : ~ilie~       ......... ·· 2.i:o .···. ) .5.:·: ::: ::: :                           ::: :i.~       ::   ......   ·'1 4               ... :·· . . : :               43           ~p.;;(ia::····: ~;~i:+:: :: ~·i·:::.::· )·~ ... ~?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        (;6......... :4() ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        42             99      .... ~6..                  . ... ..:48...
New Caledonia
....................                    202              2.6                            ............. .1.'3. ...                 11, ....................... .                                 Ukraine                               50,698           -{l.3      -12.1                  55              67             14                                         49
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ................
New Zealand                           3,761              1.6            1.4               90            77                        7
                                                                                                                                  ....                     100
                                                                                                                                            .. .. ..............             44.
                                                                                                                                                                              ...
                                                                                                                                                                                               UiiltedAlab Ernlraies                 ·· 2;580.... · 4,S' ............                   98              75               S'          7            82              14
~ic;;'iii~i.::··                     :{6ti              ··2.9· .. :: :~. i :               62 ····68                             43           12               79 ........ 3.5..               ~~it~~ :Ki~~O:rTi ······· .···· ~~;O:~ ·.... ().4 .........1:~ ::: .· j~                                 77            (; .....: ).00 :: ....                      ~4.
N.1~.er . . . . . . . . . . . 51,79!j ... ....3:.4 .~~ .2 ..                                 48            47                   118           43.             151 .......... :44.              Un~ed States                        267,636               1.0         1.6                73              76                7          1                            46
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  95 ............ ....
N.i.. ~a            .. ..l1!,1197 ..... 2.9         ... ~3. ?                                50 ......... ?4.... .               77           39             .. ::           36                ~,~8~a:~j:~6iif ·:: 5·. 5j~                                                                              74              16           4            93 ............ 41
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       '69              24 ·· ···· 19
N.~r~r~ . ~.aria~a. I~I~~d.~ .....54                    .... :: ..... .                                                                                                                        U?'I'ekistan                   ...... ~~,(;6? .           2:0         .. :: ......... !i7.                                                              .......... ~I? ....
Norway                                4,404              0.5            2.4              100               78                                                     99              46           vanuatu                                       177         2.6 .        .':            .. li7.. .         65              37
··· .. ·····
Oman                                  2:2~;6
                                                         4:i·::.:: ·                         88          ..!~ ...                18            14                 68 ......... 1.5... .        \ie"e.zuela ........ .....2~, !7? ...... 2:2                        -1.4                 79              73              21           5            85              34
Pakistan                 ...... :   i2~:~5f              2.5 .........?.!l....     .         f.!<! .     ..(;2.                  95            38                                 27           Vietnam                               76,711              2.1                            47              68              29 :        ~5 ·.:.::::::::: ... : ~9
p'a.ll!u...                                17
                                 ............ . .. .     1.8                             100               71                    25                                                            \!irsi~ :I~iarids i~': s..) ::        .317 .: .: i06                                                     77             10
Panama                                2 ,719             i.s·· ····· i'.O···· ·····84···                 "74"                    21              6                    ....... -.-34 .
                                                                                                                                                                                  .....        \\'e~t .B.a"k. l!n.d. <>~a. .             :!, 5.7()       5.1.                                           !1...........22 ..................... ..... .
PapuiiNew Gulnea                    · ;J:5iii ·          2.3        ' '.:{)j ' '             31           '58                    61            30
                                                                                                                                            ...................                   42           xe"'e~ , Rep.:.....                    lf3 ,()7~ .......4...3.      -2.5                 39              54             96           29            38              28
~a:r8B.u~:·: ~ ;ii8.s ::
Peru                                 24,371
                                                         2.':+ ::2..(, ·'39 : ) 0. ...........
                                                         1.7            2.9                  66            69
                                                                                                                                 2:3
                                                                                                                                 40              8
                                                                                                                                                                  91
                                                                                                                                                                  90
                                                                                                                                                                                  29
                                                                                                                                                                                  30
                                                                                                                                                                                               XUfP.slavi~,. f'l'q!lerb.(M.orIt·) 10,(;14 ....... 0...
                                                                                                                                                                                               ~a.mb.il! ..      . .............. 51,:44:3 ..... 2:8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   -1.9                 53
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        72 ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        43
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ··::i< .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     11.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2....... .:.:: :·:·:~L
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    24            74              45
~hlii~p.in~s . .               : 7~;~2i :: j·f .)·L                                     · 83             .: ~                    35            30                     ·          37            ~i.lTlIla~~.. .. 11,,468 ....... 2...3..                            -3.4                  77 .. ... ... :~2. .       69           ··16·'·                          44
Poland                               38,650              0 .2           4 .9                               73                    10                               94
                                                                                                                                                    ................              46
~riU.a(: . .9:!i4~ . :O:'i .:::::::2..4:                                           ...... ll2 .. : ) L                             6                                              44
F'~~~ . RI.co. .. .                   :3,827 .. . .. .1:.1                                517 ........ .!5.. .                   11                                               36
                                                                                                                                                                      ....... __ ...... .
Q~r                                 ... ..1.2.1 ....... 5:11..           .::             100 ...... !4.                          12             .6.               79              14
R6union                                   678            1.7                                  ........ .!5. ..                     9                                              43
Romania                              22,554          -(l.4              1.8               62            69                       22              6 ..........92 ..                44
Russii.n ·FSde,iiiiOiii.iijoi ··::O:l                              · :;.0 ················ 67                                    17 ....... .3 ..                 93              49

Samoa
                                     S
~~ncja ...................... :· fii9:
                                          174
                                                 .::: X·s
                                                        :
                                                      1.2
                                                                ······~i:. ~ .. ·· ............ ::::::40
                                                                                             68            69
                                                                                                                                124            29
                                                                                                                                .................. .... ... .. ......             49
                                                                                                                                 22 .           ::               .9 2 ........... .. ... . .
SAo Tom" and PMnclpe          13S· 2. 7      ~·.9 ...... 60     64·                                                              50            16
siiuiii·Ariiiila·· ····· " 20:066 ··· 3:4·· ........... 93 . . 7i '                                                              21                               60              14           .. Not   available.
~n;;e.aC ·· ·· ··
Seychelles
                            8:790:: :2..:( :
                               78     1.5    10.1        83     71
                                                                    ::02
                                                         ~i.i :j2. ..                    .                                       70
                                                                                                                                 15
                                                                                                                                               22
                                                                                                                                                 6
                                                                                                                                                                 .5.2 .......... :43... .
                                                                                                                                                                                               Note: Figures in Italics are for years other than those specified; 0 or 0.0 means .zero or less then half the unit shown and not known
                                                                                                                                                                                               more precisely.
                                                                                                                                                                                               a. Data are for the most recent year available. b. Net enrollment in excess of 100 indicates discrepancies between the estimates of
Sierra·Leone4:i482.S ·· .. :.:2·.6.. · 34 . ' 37'                                                                               170                                               36           school-ege    populaUon and reported enrollment data.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1911 World Bank Atlas 1 ZI
                                 Environment

                                 The natural environment presents familiar opportunities: rich soils, abun-
                                 dant water, natural beauty, minerals, energy, forests, and fish, all sources of
                                 income and human welfare. But as populations and economies grow, many
                                 nations crash into the constraints. Air and water do not provide infinite
                                 sinks for the waste products of human activity. Mismanagement of the
                                 resource base can lead to the collapse of biological resources and the
                                 degradation of both natural and agricultural areas.
                                    Deforestation puts a vital resource at risk. Latin America is the most
                                 forested region, with 45 percent of its land covered by trees-and the
                                 Middle East and North Africa the least, with a mere 1 percent in trees. But
                                 Latin America is also cutting down trees at the fastest rate, losing almost
                                 60,000 square kilometers a year. And with forests shrinking, so is the
                                 earth's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide emissions, which have more than
                                 tripled since 1950-to 23 billion metric tons a year.
                                     The relationship between development and the environment is com-
                                 plex. To grow, countries must exploit the dwindling natural resources avail-
                                 able to them, and as they grow richer they both consume more and can
                                 better afford to protect the environmenl. For poor countries the challenge
                                 is to adopt a susta,inable path of development-for rich countries, to begin
                                 to Jive within their share of the global commons.




28   i   1911 World Bank At!as
~


    Environnement                                                                   Medio Ambiente

    La nature offre a l'humanite des opportunites bien connues : sols fertiles,     EI medio ambiente natural ofrece oportunidades que todos conocemos:
    ressources en eau abondantes, attrait des sites et paysages, mineraux,          suelos fertiles, agua en abundancia, bellezas naturales, minerales, energia,
    energie, forets, et poissons, qui sont toutes generatrices de revenu et         bosques y recursos pesqueros, que son fuentes de ingreso y bienestar
    sources de bien etre. Mais l'accroissement de la population et la croissance    humano . Sin embargo, a medida que aumenta la poblacion y crecen las
    economique precipitent de nombreuses nations contre des obstacles.              economias, much as naciones se ven obligadas a restringir el uso de estos
    L'atmosphere et I'eau ne peuvent absorber indHiniment taus les dechets          recursos. EI aire y el agua no son una cloaca sin fondo para depositar los
    de l'activite humaine. La mauvaise gestion de la base de ressources peut        productos residuales de la actividad humana. Una mala gestion de la base
    conduire it l'effondrement des ressources biologiques et a la degradation       de recursos puede provocar la destruccion de los recursos biologicos y la
    des aires naturelles aussi bien qu 'agricoles.                                  degradacion de las zonas naturales y agricolas.
       Le deboisement compromet une ressource vitale. L'Amerique latine est            La deforestacion hace peligrar la existencia de un recurso vital. America
    la region la plus boisee, avec 45 % de superficie arboree - tan dis que Ie      Latina, donde el 45% de la tierra esta cubierta de arboles, es la region que
    Moyen-Orient et I'Afrique du Nord arrivent en derniere position avec une        tiene mas bosques, mientras que Oriente Medio y Norte de Africa, con solo
    supcrficie boisee se limitant a 1 %. Mais l'Amerique latine est aussi la        un 1 % de tierras forestales, es la region mas desprovista de bosques. No
    region ou Ie deboisement est Ie plus rapide, puisque la foret y recule de       obstante, en America Latina se esti'm cortando arboles con mas rapidez
    pres de 60000 km' par an. Et: la reduction des superficies boisees va de pair   que en cualquier otra parte, perdiendose casi 60.000 kilometros cuadrados
    avec la diminution de la capacite d'absorption par la terre des emissions       de superficie forestal al ano. A medida que desaparecen los bosques se
    de dioxyde de carbone, qui ont plus que triple de puis 1950 - atteignant        reduce tambien la capacidad del planeta para absorber las emisiones de
    ainsi 23 milliards de tonnes par an .                                           dioxido de carbono, que desde 1950 se han triplicado con creces, hasta
       La relation qui existe entre deveioppement et cnvironnement est              a1canzar un volumen de 23.000 millones de toneladas metricas al ano.
    complexe. Pour assurer leur croissance, les pays doivent exploiter les             La relacion entre el desarrollo y el medio ambiente es compleja. Para
    ressources naturelles en diminution dont ils disposent, et a mesure qu'ils      crecer, los paises deben explotar sus recursos naturales cada vez mas
    s'enrichissent, ils consomment davantage mais peuvent aussi se permettre        escasos, pero a medida que se enriquecen , aumentan el consumo y, al
    de proteger l'environnement. Pour les pays pauvres, Ie defi consiste it         mismo tiempo, disponen de mas medios para proteger el medio ambiente.
    adopter une trajectoire de croissance durable, tandis que pour les pays         Para los paises pobres, el desafio consiste en adoptar programas de
    riches, il s'agit de commencer a vivre en se contentant de leur part du         desarrollo sostenibles; los paises ricos, por su parte, deben comenzar a
    patrimoine mondial.                                                             utilizar solamente la parte del patrimonio comlill de la humanidad que les
                                                                                    correspon de.




                                                                                                                                           1999 World Bank Atlas 127
ENVIRONMENT                                           Fore.t area


                                                      Forest coverage, 1995                                                                                                                     Couvert forestler, 1995                                                                       Cublerta. forestal, 1995
                                                      The percentage of total land area that is covered by                                                                                      Superficie bOis6e en pourcentage de la superficie totale                                      Porcentaje de la superficie continental del planeta que
                                                      forest.                                                                                                                                   des terres.                                                                                   estti cubierta de bosques.




                                            -


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4,\
                            "'!>                          .. l   \. J7   -.,~   ....



                        o
                                   Less than 1O'K.
                                                                                                                                                                                         ";.:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \(                                      I.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  . ,- .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ,· '..'u -.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \J
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               . '.~t
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <'.'~ "
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ,· -l
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          -,-'

                        o
                                   10-14%                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            t
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ,                                          -f.                            .
          ;.'1                     1!>-29'K.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ·
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  - ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ~.~ '! ".". .
             ~          o          30-59'K.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         '.                                        ,
             ...·.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ~ 'I~' -
        .~ - ~
                      . ·

                        ·
                                   6O'J(,

                                   Nodata
                                            or more
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ~.    ."
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ,,'"          " .




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ·



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              r-..-.                           GNP        I'opuIMIon          aMP . .



                                                                                                                                                                                                 ".:==
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   s          ...........
                                                                                                                                                                                                        East Asia" pacmc                      201                                                                                         IIIIIIoM                :lIIt7               ·

                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1.: : : : : ~: : ~: : : ~·4,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1IIt7                                :lIIt7
                                                                                        ·             Lessthan10%
                                                                                       ·0 ..·1:0::1:4"·....·......·..·..·......·..·..                                                                                                                                                          Less than 10'lI0           38         1,606,107                        719        2,230
                                                                                       ·o.. is::2'9;i;·_...............·..........·                                                              MidCIle East " North Africa   1. ----..·                                                     ..iO::i4i........·....·......'ia......·..·3:4&i:238..........·....i ;sii....·....·2;'iiO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ..1s::29i....·..·........·....39......                 ......·. ·....·2;:i:95·....·....s;330
                                                                                       ·0·..30::59i6·_..............·....·. ......                                                                               South Asia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ·ia;890~06i

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ..........·........·..45·........         ....................i09 . ·.. ·..5;-iio
                                                                                       .....              . . ...................
                                                                                                      eo;;;.~; . ;;;;e
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ·~                                     ·4~092:552

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ·6(jii·;;r·iiOfii......·........·s·. ·. . ..s;;j39;490. ·..·
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        i                                                 ..............548'·..·....11;750
                                                                                       ·. ....N;;·dMa·..·......·................·....                                                                   Sul>Saharan AfrIca     F=.::.......................................................
                                                                                       . . . . . M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . _ · ·· · ··· · ·· ········ ·· ···· · ··· ·
                                                                                                                                                                                                              High Inoome
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              :~:i§.i:::::::~::~:::::::~:~!.~~:~::~::::~~~;:~!.::~::::::::::::~!:::::=:~;~~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               o         20         40          60          80 100



    28/1999 World Bank Atlas
Deforestacl6n anual, 1990-95                                                                  D6bolsement annuel, 1990-95                                                              Annual deforestation, 1990-95
Variaci6n porcentual anual media en la superficie                                             Variation annuelle moyenne de la superficie boisee, en                                   The average annual percentage change in forest area.
cubierta de bosques. Las cifras con signo negativo indio                                      pourcentage. Un chiffre negatif indique une augmenta-                                    Negative numbers indicate an increase in forest area.
can un aumento de dicha superficie.                                                           tion de la superficie boisee.




                            --      -                                                                        ..
                                                                                                                   .~
                                                                                                                                                 ..',

                         "b                                            .. l


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Y
                                                                                  \.j7        ·. ----... .
                                                                                                                                                    -:~                                                                                               )
                              Less than -<l.4'l1.
                  o                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ~....
        ./l       o
                              -<l.4-<l.0'lI.
                              O.l-<l.3'l6
                                                                                         ..                                                                                                                                                I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ,                    .. i ....

   ..       -' ..
                  o           O.4-1.0'J6                                                                                                                                                                                                  I'.                            "1 \
        -
                  · ·         More than 1.0'J6
  '.\ ' ~
    ; '(
                     ·        Nodata
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .r


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1;1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                .

               ~                            ....· ........
                                                       PapulatIon         8NPper

                                         .......
                                            1887
                                                               1917
                                                                              CIIPIta
                                                                              1187  ·                    East Asia & Paclllc
                                                                                                      Europe & Central Asia
  Less than -0.4% 14                 3.264,236                   217       15,060
                                                                                                                                                 ................
                                                                                                                                                .1 .........................5.8                    Lessthan-O.4% ·
                                                                                                                                                                                        ·........................·::O:4:::0:Oi- Ii
 ·:::O:4=O:0i................5O......"16:426:"514·............·"2:1)87·........·7:s70           latin AmerIca & caribbean                                                  7
                                                                                                                                                                                        ...._ _ _ _ _.._ _.
                                                                                                                                                                                               ..·... ..·....... ...·... .......... ...
 ·o:i:::O:3i............·....·i2..·-·....
                                     7:044~168·    ......·........i:573"......·..4:480          Middle East & North Africa                                                                                          0.1-0.3% 0
 ·o:4=iOi..·................32..........
                                     iii79~654    ..............
                                                             ·i~o74     ..........i}5O                              South Alia
                                                                                                                                                                                        ....·..·......·............·0:4=1::0i.....
 ·MQi8·itiBii·iOi....·..3S...._·..·..·ii93:S7S..........·....·..·73"i........·"1:220                     SubSaharan Africa                                       29..                   ·....··....·····MOretii8niOi.....
 :~:~~:::::::::::::::::::::::~!:::=:~:: :::~~~~1.::::::::~.::::::~:~!:::::::::::~:~~                              HI&h Income ................................                          :::::~::~::::::::::::::: :::::~~:~:~::::~
                                                                                                                                    -20         0         20      40    60        80



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1911 World Bank Atlas 121
ENVIRONMENT                                                 Freshwater


                                                            Freshwater resources per capita, 1997                                                  Ressources d'eau douce par habitant, 1997                                                     Recursos de agua dulce per capita, 1997
                                                            A country's renewable water resources , including river                                Total des ressources renouvelables des pays, qui inclut                                       EI total de recursos hidricos renovables de un pais , con
                                                            flows, divided by the population .                                                     Ie debit des cours d'eau, divise par la population .                                          inclusion de los rios. dividido par la poblaci6n.




                                            -
                                                                                                                                         ' .~

             '"
                                 .....
                                                                     ~                  - ~ -').                                              ~J

                          .. .           Less than 1.700
                             <:)         1.700-2,999
          ;,
           '                 o
        ....
        ~
         ,
             '~




             ~
               .
              .....   ~
                             ·
                             ·
                             o
                                         3,000-4.999
                                         5,000-9,999
                                         10,000 or more
                                         Nodata
                                                                                  ~
                                                                                                                                                                   _
                                                                                                                                                                                                      ~          ..   r'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            "
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ...,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             , ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               '7'       I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ·'   ~ "T

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ·



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    _~t ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          .'"   00-.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         "\


                                                       '.




                                                                                                                                     ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                .

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                EconGmIee                         aNP      PopIHtIon            GNP per
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       c-;
                                                                                                                                                                                  . ..
                                                                                                                                                                                  E=... ..... .                                                                                                                mnHone
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     $
                                                                                                                                                           East Asia Be Paclftc                                                                                                              mllllcIne              1117
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1997                                    1997
                                                                                                                                                                                                     -
                                                                                                                                                                                                --~::-




                                                                 .,
                                                                                  :'"              ·     Less than 1.700                                 Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                        I.         ·0..·'1:700::2:999. ··......····· . ·. ·         latin Amertca & Caribbean                                              27.4                   Less than 1.700           30         3.192.143                     564               5.660
                                                                                             ~i·   ·0 ···3':000::4:999. ·. ·......· . ···.                                        ..................... _._- ···........·...·..........           1:'700:::2:999' · 2S.... · 6;166;-755                         2.851           2:160
                                                                                                                                                    Middle East & North AfI1ca     1.0
                                                                                                                                                           .                      ..............-...... _.·...·...·...........·.......           ·3;·000:::4;999..·······21' ··..··-7';054;·695 ··...... ······....739....·..·..9;540


                                                               ~
                                                                                                   ·     5,000-9,999                                               South Asia                                                                    ·s;i:i(j()J3;99'9··········20···..·· ·iI;sifs98·········..·········463.. ·_-19;27o
                                                                                                   ·.··'1o;ooo·;;;~re·················                     Sub-Saharan Africa                                                                     lo;ooo·ormore··....ss······..··:.t;14s;o26··..·········..·i;i34'· ......3;660
                                                                                                   ·6 NOd8ia.. _················..·.                             High Income
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 .~...,..~~...-~: ... ~:::: ... ::~:::::.. :::::::~;~:~:::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::~::~;~
                                                                                                                                                                                  01020                                  30               4050



    3011999 World Bank Atla s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    -- -   - ···· - - - -   1:1--




Emisiones de di6xido de carbono per capita,                                                    Emissions de dioxyde de carbone par habitant,                                                   Carbon dioxide emissions per capita, 1996
1996                                                                                           1996                                                                                            Emissions of CO 2 from the burning of fossil fuels and the
Emisiones de CO 2 producidas par los combustibles                                              Emissions de CO 2 produites par les combustibles                                                manufacture             of        cement.               divided   by    population,
f6siles y la fabricacion de cementa, divididas par la                                          utilises dans les procedes industriels et la fabrication de                                     expressed In metric tons.
poblaci6n, expresadas en toneladas metricas,                                                   ciment, divisees par la population , exprimees en tonnes.




                                      -
                                                                                                                                  '   .
                          .....
                                                                                                                                      ':.1
                      ·           Less than 1.0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ~\\          ~                                  ..
                      o                                                                   ..                                                                                                                                                          t
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ,
    ..
                                  1.0-2.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           l
        )             o           3.~.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            It
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ':
                      o                                                                                                                                                                                                                               "                                                        "\
 ........
  1, · ,
                  . ·
                                  7.0-14.9
                                  15.0 or more
    · 'I
                      o           Nodata
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               tT




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       .,




                Economl..                     GNP         Population          GNP per
                                                   S        mill......         capita
                                           mill......             1997              S                   East Asia & Pacific
                                             1997                               1997                                                                     ...................... -......... .
                                                                                                     Europe & Central Asia                             7.4                                                Less than 1,0 ·
                                                                                                                                       .......................................
  Less than 1.0              63           767,012                1,148              670          latin America & Caribbean                                                                                 ········ 1:0::'2:;;; ·0
 ·ljj.':2:9                              393:034:496' ' '2:8701::060                                                                                                                                    ...............................·.........
  3:0.:6.9···················41···· "' 4:502;'048 ···········.. ·· ..·621 ·· '7:240              Middle East & North Africa           3.9                                                                             3.0-6.9 0
  7.0-14:9' "33 .. 13;213:146 ..· · ..·836·· ·15:810                                                            South Asia                                                                                     7.0-14.9
  15:'0'0,;;;0,';" 14 " i3;525:'2':24'" ·········300 ····28:400                                         Sul>$aharan Africa                                                                                  15.0o;:;;;-or;;""·i
  No data                                2082:'8'19
 ........... '............................   . .................................. 44 '1:890                   High income                                                     12.1                                     Nodata              0
                                                                                                                              o   3            6            9            12          15



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1999   World Bank Atlas 131
.~.'.I          '
         .....' . ·. T. ..... -.....
                                                                      Energy efficiency


                                                                      Energy efficiency, 1996                                                                                            Rendement energetlque, 1996                                                                                                      Eflclencla del uso de la energi"a, 1996
                                                                      Gross domestic product divided by total energy con-                                                                Produit interieur brut divisll par la consommation totale                                                                        Producto interno bruto dividido por el consumo total de
                                                                      sumption in oil equivalents , expressed in constant 1995                                                           d'llnergie en llquivalent plltrole, exprimll en dollars                                                                          energia en el equivalente en petr6leo, expresado en
                                                                      U.S. doliars .                                                                                                     constants des Etats-Unis aux prix de 1995.                                                                                       d61ares constantes de EE.UU. de 1995.




                                                . - ,..,

                                                                                                                                                                           -.,
                                           ... ",
                                                                                                                                                                                   ':J
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                . _.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ....
                                       o
                                                    Less than $1.00
                                                    $1.()(~2.49
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           -,        -....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                i
                    ..:'               o            $2.50-3.99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ~

                                       o            $4.()()...5.99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   -\
                \ .·~...          · ·               $6.00 or more
                .     )     .                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ~
                 , 1                   ·            Nodata




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          .



                                                                                                    ·          Less than $1.00
                                                                                                   ·C}"""Si:oO::i4il··············· ········
                                                                                                                                                                                                 East Asia & Paciftc

                                                                                                                                                                                               Europe & Central Asia   ~...........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1.0

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         o . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Less than $1.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ----              29
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               GNP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        mlillona


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2,119,342
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1"7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      $
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PopuI8lIan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     mIIIIona
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1987


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2,958
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            8NP per
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               CIIPItIi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1"7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    720
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          $



                                                                                                   ·0 ··"$2:50::3:"99·· ···········...·.. ··
                                                                                                                                                                                         Llllln AmerIca & Caribbean
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .__ ....... _
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    .         -..........--            .~. -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             3.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ................                        ·$1:00:::2:49..···········42····..····2;0'59;955·..·..··..·..··'1:192'..0 0 .... 1.730
                                                                                                                                                                                          Middle East & North Afrtca                          Le                                                                          ·$2:·50:::3:99..........·..1s······....s;888;901'..·........·....···529·······18;690
                                                                                                   .$..."$4":00::5:"99..................... .                                                            South Asi.                                                                                                       ..i4:00:::s:99..........·..1:;..····....'4)4ii:s57....................44s··· "10;680
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ·s:6:00·ormore........·10..·. ..10:·892:963..........·....·....j59......·30;350
                                                                                                   · ·· · · · _ _ ··············· H · · · · · ·~~ ······· · · ·· · ·· _ . · ····


                                                                                                                                                                                                 Sub-Saharan AfrIca
                                                                                                   ................................._
                                                                                                    · $6.00 or more                  .................... .                                                                                                    ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1. ··.... ···..·...._ . ·. ..·. . .... _ ·__·..·..·                                                                                                                                              2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ·N(j·dii!8......·..............·s3....·......·.. 414;·7'2!i..·................·337..........1,· 30
                                                                                                                                                                                                       High Income                                                                      5.0
                                                                                                    ·          Nodata                                                                                                  ......................................................................                             .................................................................................................................................. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       o          1              2                3                        4                    5


          3211988 World Bank Atlas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ....... 57 .....



Consumo de energia per capita, 1996                                                                                         Consommatlon d'energie par habitant, 1996                    Energy use per capita, 1996
Consumo anual de energla comercial dlvidido por la                                                                          Consommation annuelle d'lmergie commercia Ie du pays         Annual consumption of commercial energy divided by
poblacl6n , expresado en kilogramos de equivalente en                                                                       divislle par Ie nombre d'habitants, exprimlle en kilo-       population, expressed in kilograms of oil equivalent.
petr6leo.                                                                                                                   grammes d'llquivalent plltrole.




                                                  -
                                                                                                                                                                 .   ~




      ; ~
                       ,.
                       -

                             0
                             0
                               ..   ~



                                        Less than 500
                                        500-999
                                        1,000-2,499
                                                                                                                                                                 ~J
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         --'. 4-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          --~.;

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ":
                                        2,500-4,999                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      -""'."",   "\
  .j
           ':
       "
           '-~


                            ·           5,000 or more
                                        No data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     (



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ," ~.:.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ~        !f'




  Energy usc per cap,ta. 1996. kilograms                                                                                      Energy use per capita, 1996. kilograms                       Distribution of worid population "mong economies
  of 011 equivalent                                                                                                           of 011 equivalent                                            grouped by energy use per capita

                                                                                                        .NP ....



  Less than 500                      26                654.361
 ·soo::egg. ....·....········2S······..··i;s19;633..·····..·....·i :ii90·....·····"'960
                                                                                       1.721
                                                                                                           ---
                                                                                                           ""7
                                                                                                                380
                                                                                                                     S               East Asia 8& Pac:tftc
                                                                                                                                  Europe 8& Central Asia
                                                                                                                              latin AmerIca 8& Caribbean
                                                                                                                                                                         ,732


 ·1.000:::2";499·....·....33....·..·..3;000."044....................'791:..·......-:3;830                                     Middle East 8& North Africa
 ·2:s00:::4;m..........2s......                     ....·. ..·-......850......·17;·240                                                        South Asia                                                      2.~,999
                                                ·14~658;871

 ·s;ooo·;-mor. ........17..........g;786;848....·..··......·....356....·..27;460                                                                                                           . . . ·.. ·.·.. 5;oooor·_·_·.
 ·NiiCiii!ii............·....·....·si.. _ ·174;ii91"..................21i............·83O
    -            -- -- - -
                                        ........
 .... ............ ... .......... ... ....... ........ ..._ ....................._
                                                          ._                      ................. _....................
                                                                                                                                     Sul>Saharan Africa
                                                                                                                                            HI&h Income      1--------s.:1! 9
                                                                                                                                                             o   2,000     4,000 6,000
                                                                                                                                                                                           ....·......·............·..·....Nii·diiti!.....
                                                                                                                                                                                           ..........................................................



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1911 World Bank Atlas          33
ENVIRONMENT




                                                     ....
                                                     Land                  F.........'
                                                                            _OUreM
                                                                                                                     Forest   cover.,.
                                                                                                                                             -.                                                                                                              ....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Land                 Freahweter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  reaaurc..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Foreat coverace                           EnoIllY_
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ..ox....




                                                                                                                                             -                                  .......                                                                                                                         ..                          -
                                                                                                                                                                               GOP per                                                                                                                                                       Average                        GOP per         ........
                                                                                                           Total                              annual                                                                                                                                                          Totsl                          annual                          klloeJam       ..........
                                                                                                                                                                  Per                                                                                                                                         .,
                                                  thousand
                                                                    Available
                                                                   per capite
                                                                                        Annual
                                                                                          use
                                                                                                           orea
                                                                                                        thousand
                                                                                                                             % of
                                                                                                                             t....
                                                                                                                          I.... area
                                                                                                                                              totIon            capta
                                                                                                                                                                             0;1 equivalent
                                                                                                                                                                                constant           metric                                                  thousand
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Available
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           percaplta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 meters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Annual
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           % of total
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            thou.....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              % of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              total
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            land area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              tation           "'"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              capita
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          oil eQUivalent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             constant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1995 $
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              metric
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Ions
                                                   SQ. km
                                                    1996
                                                                  ctbic meters
                                                                       1997
                                                                                      " of total
                                                                                      1980-971
                                                                                                          SQ. kin
                                                                                                           1995              1995
                                                                                                                                                 %
                                                                                                                                            1990-95
                                                                                                                                                                  "
                                                                                                                                                                1996
                                                                                                                                                                                 1995 $
                                                                                                                                                                                  1996
                                                                                                                                                                                                   tons
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1996           Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SQ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1996
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  kin    oobk;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1997          1980-97"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SQ.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1995
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   kin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1995              "
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1990-95
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                kg
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1996             1996            1996

                      a
      "f(lh.a.nis.t. n.... ,                          652.1 " ..2,Ei()4... 3 9 . 8 "                                                       , ......                 .. .. ... ...... .. .               .0 ..0     Ecuador                                 276.8          26.3.05              1.8            111              4.0            1.6     731   2.1                                2.1
      "I. b~n.i~ ........ .................. 2T.416,!8.5. 'O:4·'·~·                                         1.0              38                .0 ..0             362              2.2                  .0.6       .~pi. .~a.b . Re~. " ············ 995.5,···· ··· 966 ' ··· ~~,5' . ·                         .0              .00:06381:6'                                                   1.7
      "I. ~~ri.a .. ,                          ..2,381:.1,                463 ' "' 33,2'"                   19                 1 .. ' ..1,:2 .....!?:4~ ..                         1.8                  3.3        ~1..S.alv!ld. r,. , ,.". "., .. ,." ... 2.0,.73,3,97 .. , ... ? .3.~ .. ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   o                                                                            1                             3.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 5 ............. .... 7.0.0 2.4                                .0.7
      "",eric~n S~moa(l.2                                                  ....................          .... ..........                       . ... .                                                  4.7        .EC\u~to.ri~l..Guin"a ..                         28.1 7 1 ,364 ... (l·a                                                                                                     .0.3
      "nd"rra                                             .0.5 . . .... ....... .                                                                   . .............. ... .. ........ .. .. .                        Eritrea                                       1.01 ..0      2.332 '                           3            3               .0 ..0
      fIn.gC)l.a . .           ...... ,1,246.7 ,, 1 ,5 ,78.2                             .0 .3            222                18                1 ..0             532               .0.9                 .0.5       .Est.on.i.a .... ...                            42.3 1'2:07i '           18.8'                            48             -1..0 .... .3...8. 4 .. 3            .0.9        11.2
      "n.tljlu~andBarbud~                                 .0.4 ................. .. .. ..                                                           . .............. ... ... ..... . .                  4.9         Eth.i"p.ia . .                           1!()()().Q1,~41. , ..... 2. . .0..             136              14                .0.5           ...2 8 4 ( ).4                   .0.1
      "re.el'ltina." ... ", , 2,73Ei.727 ,~1. ' .                                        2 .8'"           339                12                .0.3 .....1...6. 3 ..
                                                                                                                                                                   7               5 ..0                3.7        FaerOEl.IS.I<!n. s." .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       d                             1.4                                          ..           ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         . .. ............ ....... .......... .
      Armenia                                           28.2        . :2 , ~3.6.. '. ' 47.'0 "                3              12              - 2,7               474               1.7                  1 ..0      F.'ji,                                          18.3        35 ..046       .0.1                                                                                             .0.9
      "rtJb~ ..                                           .0,2                                                                    .. ' . . .                            . .. ....... . ,....... .. . .1.1.-.7 ..   i'l.nla.nd... .                                304.6  2i:98         5 , 1.9' 200                          66                .0.1 .....6...14:3..              4 .1        11.5
      Australia .. , ............. , .. .?,EiIl;Z.,3                18.508               4 .3 '           409                  5 ...... .... .0:.0 ....5.. :4~ ...                 3.7                16.7          France              ......... .. , .. , .. ,. ??()..l ,', :3,();Z9 .~ · 21j·'·          15.0             27             -1.1              ":.3??             6.1           6.2
      "~.~tria...                                       82. 7ii:~~7. ': 2:6·                                39               47                .0 ..0 .... .3...373 ....           8 .7                 7.4                                                        88.2                                           ..           ,-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. .. . . .................
      i\zerbaij~n                                       86.6 .. 4 ,:339. ' . ' 47:9 "                       1.0              l l Q:() ...1.. 5!(l                               . ()3 .                 4 ..0       Frel'lch.I'0IYl'lesia ........... ..... } ..7 ............... .                                                                                                             2.5
      Il~h~",.as..:rh.e                   ... .. .... 1.0...0 .               ...                 ..... .......... . .... ... ... .. ... . ... ..... .                                                  6 ..0       (l~b()~ . .                                   257.7142,2!8                .0 ..0        179              69                 .0.5 .... .1...4.03 ..                         3.3
      Bahrain ............ .. ..                          .0.7                                                                                   . :. JQ, ~:3                      .0.9               17.7          G~",~i.a . .!hE! ..                             1.0 ..0     6.775 '   "'oj'"                  1            9                .0.9                                           .0.2
      ll~n~l.a~e.sh.. .                                                                   1..0 '            1.0                8               .0.8               1~! ....         1.7                  .0.2        (l~orgia . .... ...... .... .                   69.7        8;291 ' . ~.9' .               3.0           4 3 Q:() . .....2!;)~ ..                            2.1           .0.5
      Il~rb~.o~ .                    ................ .   .0.4                                                                                                                                          3.2         G~r",.anL                      ., ....... ,.3<l9 ..3        2.084 '      27.1 '         1.07             31                 .0 ..0        ":·.2El! ....... .7:.0 ..      1.0.5
      .B~I.a~~s                                        2.07.5          1 .841 '        ~?9.' ..             74               36 " . -:-.1 ,()                2.386                 .0.8                 6 ..0       (lh.an~                                       227.52;958 , ' 0.'6 "                        90            4.0                1.3               38.0 ........ ....... .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1..0          .0.2
      .B~I~i.ull1 .                  ............ :3:>..0.' .···       #7
                                                                      i: ' ..          P ,·2' ..              7              21                Q.Q 3.:5~~ .                        4.9                1.0.4         Greece                             ........ 128 ..9         5,289 ~      j:i'              65            51             -2.3 .. 2...3.2~ ..                  4.8           7.7
      .B~nzE! ..                                        22.8        69.717               .0 .1                                                                                                          1.6         (lr~nland.                     .. ....... 341.7                                                                                                                            9.1
       Benin                              . ...... 1~Q.6.              4.~~i .' . 0 .6 '                    46               42 " , 1::2 ........~1 ...... ,., 1,1 .                                    .0.1        Grenada                                          .0.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ...... .. . ........ . . ..                                                                                                                  1.7
      llE!r",~d.a                                         .0.1                ....                                                                                                                      7.4                                                           1.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ............. ... ..                                                                                                                        3.6
      .Btlut<!n...... ...... .............. .'~7...Q. . .1.2!3 ,~Ej6.. ..                .0 ..0                                                                                                         .0.4        Guam                                             .0.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       .... ................ . . . .. . ....                                                                                                                 28.1
      llollv.ia                       .            l !()84.4 3 8,Ei;z5                   .0 .4            483                45                 1.2 ....... 479 .. , ..             1.9                 1.3         (lllatet1lala          ..... . ... .... . 1,()B...4. . .1.1,();Z8(l.6 ~                    38            35                  2 ..0                           2.9           .0.7
      ll"sl'lia~ndHerze~ovin<!                          51..0                ... ....        ..             27               53                .0,.0              777                                   1.4         Guinea           .. ..... ............ , :2~?X ,, 32,f36.1 .              .0.3             64            26                 1 .1                                           .0.2
      Il"ts",an.a ..                                   566.7 " ' 9 :589 ',               .0.7'            139                25 ..             ():?                                                     1.4         G"i.nE!a:£Iissau                " , . 28.1 ...2:3,745'. " 0:1'"                            23            82                 .0.4                                           .0.2
       Brazil ..                                  !3!<l~.542,4~9 ' ·· 0:5' 5!511                                             65                Q.5 .. 1·a~2                         4.4                 1.7         G~~n~ ..                                      1,!jEi·92!?:4,299 ..... .(l .6 ..                                                                                             1.1
       Brunei                                              5.3                                                                          .. , ... .. ... 1,1 . 1~                    1.5               16.8          H~iti.                         ............ 27 . 6 . ... 1 ,<l6.8         .0.4                .0           1"          ,,3:<l               ..2f3!3 .         1.4          .0.1
       Il~~ari~ .                      ,. , . , . , . ,llQ.,6 . 2~:~~3 .' . 6:8'                            3229                                .0 ..0 .... 2...71)5 ....          .0.5                 6.6         Honduras                               m.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ......... ..          99,259 '            j7 '              41            37                  2.3 ....5():3 ...... ~,4 .,                   .0.7
       .B~rI<in.a . Fa~o ".,., ... ,.", ... . 273.,6 1,Ej71                               2 .2              43               16                .0.7                                                     .0.1       tI~n.ga!~                                        92.3 ...lI,81.1.~         5.7 '            17             19 .... .. ... -:-<J:? ... 2.4!;)!l .               1.8           5.8
       .B~ru.nd.i..                                     25.7               559            2.8                  3             12                 .0.4                                                    .0 ..0       Iceland                        ,.., ,l,()().3 .. 6,19,.01,3........ (l ..1..                                                      . ... 8 ...4()B. ..       3.2           8.1
       C;~"'~O<lia176.547,?3.Q ' . (i.i'                                                                    98               56                 1.6                                                      .0 ..0      India                    .. . ... . 2.!;j!3.2 ... 2,lEi7.~, 18.2'"                     650               22                .0 ..0 .....4!Ei ...             .0.8           1.1
       C;~"'E!ro.on,                                   465.4        19.231               .0.1             196                42                 .0.6 ........3f3'J ..               1.7                 .0.3       ,Indonesia               , .. ..,1!!3l,L6, ..12,62.5.... ... (l.X ..... ~ ,Q98.                           61                 1..0              672             1.6           1.2
       C;~nada9!221.Q95:?~(' ·                                                            1.6'2,44~                          27               -0.1 ... J ..      8!!O ...           2.5               13.7           Iran, . ls.I~",ic. Rep. " .... 1!~2.2..'O .....l,33.9.. ~ . 85.8'"                        15              1                1 . 7 1...4!;)~ ....... J1.. .                 4.4
       C;~~\lerde                                          4 ..0                                                                                                                                        .0.3         Irag .              . .......... ....... <l:37..43,4?l' 56:8 "                                1           .0               .0 ..0 .....1..1!<l ..                         4.3
       C;~~",.a~ .I.sla,n ds,.                            .0.3                                                                                                                                                       Ireland           ............... ...... f3!3 ..913,El?7 ~ · i:6 '~                          6            8             -2. 7 . }.2!;)~                     5,9           9.6
       C;E!ntral.AfricanRepubli~                       623 ..0 ,.41,:2?Q.                .0 ..0           299                48                 .0.4 .................                                  .0.1         IS.I~ .o.f..M.a.n...
       C; tlacl ..                                1!259.2 6,Q11. '                     · 0 .4'            11.0                  9               .0.8                                                    .0 ..0       Israel                                         2.0.6           377' 84.1 '                    1           5                .0 ..0 .. .. .2 ·.!?:4~ ..       5.6           9.2
       ............ Islands..
       Channel ...... ...                                                                                                                                                                                           .lt~IY. ..                . .. .... ... .... :2!j~ ..l     J~3' . #7'.                     65            22              -O.12.8 ( ) ! I 6:ii                               7 ..0
       C;tlilE! ...                                    748,832,()()7                      3 .6 '            79               11                 .0.4 .....1..419 .,.                3.1                  3.4        J<lrn.a ic<!                                    1.0.8       ,3 ,:250 ... .3-.9.~ ..            2         16                 7.2 ., ...1.<lf3? ...            1 .1           4 ..0
       China                              ....9,:3:.?f3 ..4 .. ,. 2::28.2              16.4 , },3.3,3                        14 .... , .. ,.0,3, .......902. ..                    .0.7                  2.8        Japal'l .                                     376.5 .. .. ,<l,338..      16.6           251              67                 .0.1 ., ...4.'.o~ ..           10.5            9 .3
        . ti"n~ .Kon(l, Ctli,na ,                          1..0         ................... ,.,.' ... ' ..                                              .... 1 ...931 .... 12 ..0                        3.7        Jord.al'l. . " iiii.9                                           198 ' 5i:1" <                 .0           1                 2.5 .....1.·0<l() ......... ~ : ? .
        Colombia ..... ...., . . l ,():38:X . ... 26, 7;Z2                                .0 .5           53.0               51                 .0.5 ........799 ..                                      1.7         Kaza.ktlst~n.... ........ ......2,~!Q . 7 .... . 8,696 ' " 27.6 '                      1.05               4             -1.9 .. ... 2...7:2<l ..            .0.5        1.0.9
        C;"",,,ros .. ,                                    2.2                                                                                                                                                       ~E!nya..                                     569.11,.056'6.8',                            13               2 ...............0.3              476             .0.7          .0.2
        c;"njlo'Dem . RE!P,. 2 ! 2 6 7.1 j i,iii(' ' 0 .6"                                                                                           :.. . . . 3~? ..               .0.5                .0.1         Kiribati                                         .0.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .............. . . ............ ..............                                                                                                         .0.3
        C;Clnilo ...R~p .. ,.". , .. . , ... , .. ,,341.,53Q7 ,2B.3..~                    .0 ..0'         195                57                 .0.2              457               1.9                  1.9         ~Clre!l ,. [)e.m :. Rep :                    12.0.4" ,2 ,927..          21.1              62             51                .0 ..0 ... 1...0,,:3                         11.3
        c;"st~R.lca                                      51.1 . 27 ,~25 ........ ~ ..4.~ ..                 12                24"          ,, :3:() ...... .6~! ....... <l,O.                            1.4          K"rea,R.ep: .                    .....!;j8.71,<l3.8                    41.7              76             77                .0.2         } ..57Ei ... :3:.0                 9 ..0
        c;~te. ~ : I.voire . ,                         318 ..0 .,.,. , 5 ,~Ei8 ....... (l.9                 55               17                 .0.6 ........3~:2 ....              2 ..0               .0.9         .K~Ylait..                                     17.8              11 ?,i(i(i:ii               .0           .0               Q.Q          .8 ..1El ! .         1.7
        Croatia                                          55.9 .. ...12 ,~7.9..                              18               33 .. , ,, (),() .... 1 ..4~ .. .                      2.8                   3.7         Kyr~ .R~pu~lic                              1,!j1.8        2,5()9. . . Sl4 .9. .             7           4                .0 ..0            645             1.2           1.3
        C;~ba . ".,.,.". , ... , ." ... ,1.09..8 3,12..0 ...... :23. ..5.~ ..                               18               17                 1.2 .....1...4:48 ....                                   2.8        .L8().I'I:>R....                              23.0.8       55.679         .0.4                                                                                              .0.1
        C;y ~rus                                           9.2                ... .                                                                      ....2.·.8f513 .. ,.                             7.3 . .
                                                                                                                                                                                             . . ............        Latvia                                         62.113:79.3'2.1"                           29            46              -.0.9 .....1...67~ ..                1.5           3.7
        C;zec.hllepubIiC                                 77.3 ", 5 ,~9..                  4 .7              26               34                 .0 ..0 .. ,3.917 .                  1.3               12.3          .Le.ba.n()n                                     1.0.2           941 'j~.: i:'~                 1           5                 7.8 .... .1...1~ ..                            3.5
        Denmark " . "                  .... .. 42.4 . .. 2,~60. ~ ·· ii.2·"                                    4             1.0                .0 ..0 .... 4 .·.3:46 ....          8:2 ,." . .1..0·7.,              ~e5()tho ... ................ .... :3().42,5!j71,.Q                                          .0           .0               .0 ..0 ........... ..
        Oji""uti                                         23.2                                                                                                                                            .0.6        Liberia             .................... !jEi ..3.....80,:38.5           .0.1                                                                                   ..         .0.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               . ............ .... .
        ()()",i"i~a, ..                                    .0,8                                                                                                                                          1 .1       ~i.by<! . .. .                            1:7?9.5 .... ..... 115.. Jf36.. .   ?               4            .0               Q.Q2..9:3?                                      8 ..0
        Dominican Republic                               48.4          2.467            14.9                16               33                  1.6              652               2.5                  1.6         Liechtenstein                                    .0.2



    3411911 Wor l d Bank Atlas
                                         Land
                                         area                 reaourcM


                                                       Available        Annual
                                                                                          Total
                                                                                          are.
                                                                                                  Forest cove,.,.



                                                                                                          "of
                                                                                                                        ....,..e
                                                                                                                         onnuol
                                                                                                                        delor..          c_Per
                                                                                                                                                Enercy LIM

                                                                                                                                                        GOP per
                                                                                                                                                        ktlo@ram

                                                                                                                                                      011 equivalent
                                                                                                                                                                        COIban

                                                                                                                                                                       por_
                                                                                                                                                                        dioxide
                                                                                                                                                                       ......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              LIonel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                --
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                .........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Avalable         Annual
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           _I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           a'eo           %01
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Awrage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         annu al
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        defores-          Pe,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      GOP per
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      kilognwn
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    oUequivaH!nt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      C.rbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      dioxide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     emIuIonI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     per capfta

                                       thousand        per capita        use           thousand           total,         lOtion                          constant         metric                                           1Il0usond      per captta        use                           total          tation         COIiita       constant         metric
                                        sq. km                         % of total       ",. km         land area                                          1995 $                                                                                                                km                                                                     tons
Economy                                  1996
                                                     cubic metefs
                                                         1997         1980-97-           1995            1995          1~95 "              kg
                                                                                                                                          1996             1996
                                                                                                                                                                          tons
                                                                                                                                                                          1996        Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ",. km
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1996
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         aJbic meters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1997
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         " of total
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1980-97-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          SQ.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1995
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        IMdtw"ea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1995             "
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1990-95
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          kg
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1996
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1995 $
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1996           1996

Li.th~8Ilia..                            64 .8                                              20 ..........30...         . ..:-9:1; ..... 2.41" ..            0.8           3.7         Sin~a~re .............. .... .            0 .6            193     31.7 '            o             7            0.0 } .835                          3.8            21.6
Lu~e.mb.o~rs                                                                                 ..           ..                      .....8 ..29~ ...          5.2          19.9         ~Iova.k . ~e.J)U.blic ..                 48.1     . 5,J:!()        5.8            20            41           -O . 1}. 2~1;                         1.1             7.4
~aca.o ..                                 0.0
                      .... ................. . .. .                                                                                                                       3.2         Slovenia                                 20.1                                     U             54             0.0 .... 3..~ ..                    3.1             6.5
.r.1afOeCj0nia.· FYR..                   25.4                             10     39                                         0.0                                           6.4         .SclI.olTl"~ .I.s la.nels. .             28.0 . 1,~().91!j .            . ......... .                                                                              0 .4
.r.1ada.~a.scar . .                     581.5 .... :23...81~ . 4.8 ..... 151     26                                         0.8                                           0.1         Somalia                               627.3 .. . .1..5:39 .        6 .0               .............. .                                                             0 .0
.r.1al~w.i ................. .. ...      94.1 ...... .1.·.814.'4 . i3'    33 .. .3.5 .. .                                   1 :6                                          0.1         .Scluth . ~frica ................ I . 2:21.01.2:31, '             26.6'           85              7            0.2 ... ..2...482 ..                  1 .4          7.3
.r.1al~~s.I~ . . .  . .............. .. 328 ..6     21.041;    2.1 '     155     47                                         2.4 ..... 1...9!;() ...         2.3           5.6          Spai~ .                              499.4 ...... 2 ...398 .' .. 32.6 ' ....... .8.4..         17 ... ....... 0..0. ... 2.·. ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   5!l:3                   5.6           5.9
 Maldives                                 0.3                                                                                                                             1.2          Sri Lanka                   ........ .. 64:.6...... ,2 ..329     14.6 '          18            28             1.1           371                     2.0           0.4
   .ali
.M ........ .                       1.220.29.718'1.4'1169                                                                   1.0                                           0.0         i;t,. ~i.n.s . ancl .~evis ..             0.4                                                                                                                      2.5
Ma~                                         ~3
                           ... ...................                                                                                 .... 2 ..398 ..          3.8           4.7         . I,. L.uc.i~ ..
                                                                                                                                                                                       S                                        0.6                                                                                                                      1.2
~.ar~h.all .l.sl.ands ..                                                                                                                                                              St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.4                                                                                                                                 1.1
~.ar.tl~i.g~e.... '                     1.1                                                                                                                                5.2        ~~d~;'                             2,376.0           3.19l:'20.i'4i6 ....... ' is                              0.8           397                     0.7           0.1
Mauritania                         ..YJ2?'.2 ...··.. 4 ..6~2 ' " '14.3" ········ 6 ··········· 1 ·                          0.0                                            1.2        i;~rlna.rn~                               156.0 4 11 5.968               0.2 .. ..... .... .                                                                       5.1
~.a~ri.t.i.us..                             2.0 ...... .1.,925 ..        16.3 '       ....0..             . ..6.. . . . (J:()                                              1.5        i;v.:"'zuand .. ... .                       17.2         4.738           6.4. .                                                                                    0.4
Mayon~ ..                                                                                       . ............. .                                                                     i;v.:ed~n411.620.340'1.6'                                                            244                59             0.0 ..... 5..944 ..           4.5           6.1
 Mexico ........ ............... 1 .908 ..7 ...... .3...       788 .... 21.7 ' .... 554                    29               0.9 .... .1...  525 ..           2.1           3.8         Switze~and                                 39.6         7.054' " 2.4'                  11              29             0.0 .... .3. ·.622 ..       .12.0           6.3
 M.lcro.n~sia... Fed: .Sts.. .                                                                                                                                                        ~yii ~n;;,;iib~epublic                    183.8 8 5 9 ' 112.6'                            2               1            2.2 . 1.00:2                  1,2           3.1
Moldova                                      33.0 ······ 397 ' ·216.4 ' ····                 4             11                               0
                                                                                                                            0.0 .... 1.·. 64 ..              0.6           2.8        Tajikistan                    ........ .140 ..6                                           4               3            0.0            594            0.5           1.0
~on8C() ..                                                                 . .... .. ....... .                                                                                        Tanzania                                  883.6          2.842 "         1.3' . } 2.5 .. ....... .3.7 ........ ...1,0                 453            0.3           0.1
~on~oUa.... .                           l,!;I;~.5 ....... 9. ·. ..
                                                               6.17        2.2             94                 6             0 .0                                           3.6        !h~U~nd                                   510.92:954 ' 17.8 '                        116                23             2.6 .... .1...333 ..          2.2           3.4
~orOC<:O .                                  <I"~.3      .. ~ ..O!j!j .... 36.5             38                 9             0 .3            329              4.2           1.0        To~o ...................... ......... ~4...4..... j)~2 '                 O.8'           12              23             1.4                                         0.2
~oz.alTlbi<lue ..                           784 .1 .... . ~:2.!j!j~ '      0.3 '         169               22               0 .7            481 .. ... . . ..0.3 ..
                                                                                                                                                             ....          0 .1       Ton~a ..                                     0 .7                                            ............... .                                         .. . ..... J ..2 ...
.M~"nlTlar                                  657 .6        24.651           0.4           272               41                1.4            294                            0 .2       Trinidad..and. !oba~o.......... ~..1. .. }.9.()~                         2.9'             2.           3.1 .           1.56'081                      0.7          17.1
N.anliilia                    "·            823.3 . 28,042 "               0.5 ' ..... .1.2. ......... 1 .5 .. .. . (J}
                                                                                             4                                                                                        Tunisia                                   155.4              447' 74 .5'                  6                            0. .5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4 .................         735            2.9           1.8
 Ne~.al ..                       .. .......1,,3.0.... ... 7...616          1.6             48 ......... .34..                1.1            320              0.7           0 .1       !~r~y .. ......            . ...          769.6 ....... :2..2:41; .' .. 22.1'           89              12             0 .0 . 1 ..!J,,!; ..          2.8           2 .8
N.~th.erland.s .................... . 33 ..9 ....... 5.,.167 .' .. 8.7'                      3 ......... 1(J....            0.0 .... 4 ...  885 ..           5.4         10.0         Turkmenistan                              469.9       .. 3 ..9!;()' 123.9 '             38               8             0 .0 .... 2..1;:41; ......... ()::l ..      7.4
N.~th.erla.nd.s. ~ntill.es .......... . 0 ..8..                                                 ..... ......... .                      12.!jl"                           31.0         .U lland.a ..                             199.7          3.248'          0.3'           61              31             0.9               :: .....................0.-.1 .. .
 New Caledonia                               18.3                                                                                                                          8.9         Ukraine               ............. 579,44.556 ' 15.0 '                                92 ..........16..            -0.1 3.01:2                     0.5           7.8
N.~v.: .Z.e~l.and ..                        268.0              532 100.0                   79              29 . . :-9:6 .... 4 ...388 ..                     3.8           8.0        ~ nil.e<j .A.'.ab.. ElTli'.ales..           83.658.1.4()1;·7                              1               1            0 .0 ... 13..1 5 5 . .                    } 3 .:3
 l'Iic.ara. ~u.a..                          121.4 .... }7...420..          0.5"         ' 56 '            '4'6 '            2.5             525              1.0           0.6        ~~il.e<j .Kinsdo.m ............ .. 241,.6.               1.203          16.6            24              10           -O.5 ..... 3...  9!j2 ..        4.8           9 .5
 N.i~.er ..... ........... ......... 1,.266...7             3.317 '        1.5' ....... .2.6                  2             0.0                                            0.1         ~~ilE!cI .Sl.ates. . ...... .....9 . ~~9...1.9.259' 18.9' 2,125                                        23 .... . :-9.3          .8.051              3.4          20.0
 N.i~.erla.. .. ..       . ... ....... 910.8              2,375'           1.3'          138               15               0.9 ................
                                                                                                                                            722              0.4           0.7         ~r~~.u"'L                                174.8 '37.966'                 0.5 " <          8               5            0.0            912            6.4           1.7
  Northern Mariana Islands
 ................                                                                                                                                                                      ~z.be.ki~.t.an. ..                       414.25.<176'63,4 '                            91              22           - 2.7 .... I ..826 ..           0.5           4.1
 N.~rv.:"'~ ..                              306.889.668'0.5' .... ~1 ......                               2;6              -0.2 ... .. 5.. 284               6.7         15.3         vanuatu                                     12.2                                                                                                                   0.4
 Oman                                       212.5              439 123.2                     0 ...............                     .... 2 ..231 ..           2.6           7.0        Ii~ne.zu.ela..                            882.157.821'                   0.3"'440                       50             1.1.2.46:3                    1,4           6.5
 Pakistan .............. . .. ..            770.9j.25ti' 37.2'"                            17                 2              2.9            446              1.1           0.8        Vietnam .............. ... . 325.5 ... 4 ..902..                         7.7            91              28             1.4            448            0.7           0.5
 Pal~u ..                                                                                                                                                                14.5         Iiirgin .1."I.and.".(U :S.) .                0.3
 Panama                                      74.4       .52.961 .          0.9             28 . . . 38..                     2.1            853              3.6           2.5        West Bank and Gaza
 Pal'uaNewGuinea                            452.9 177.963                  0 .0          369               82               0.4                                            0.5         Xeriie~:Rep':                            5211.0             255        71,5              06                           0.0            187            1,3
"a.'al\u~..           . . .. ..             :39r.3 . jQ~O '                (). l' . . .. 1:1.5......... 29.                  2.6            865              2.1           0.7         ~c.;lavia, FR(Seltl,(Mont)                                                             ~.              17             0.01'364
 Peru ... ...... ... ... ... ... ...l ,:2!1()..O ..... ~'.~~              15.3           676               53               0.3                              4.3
                                                                                                                                            582 .- ............. . 1.1                 ~a.mb.i .a ..                            743.412.284'1"5 '                           314               42             0.8            628            0.6           0.3
 Ph.iIi~p'i.nes                    ..... .. ~..2.. . ....4...3!j:3..       9 .1 '          68              23               3.5             528              2.1           0 .9       ~irnbat>v.:e.                     . ..... :3I3~ . 9..    1.7:44'6.i'                    87              23             0.6            929            0.7           1.6
 Poland                                     304.4           1.454 ' 2 1.9'                 87              29                                                1.2           9 .2
 Po.'tu~a.I ..                               91.5         . ~.~!ii3 ' 10.5 ' 2 ! j .... .31                                -0.9 ..... .1.9:!1I!;:~                         4 .8
 Puerto Rico                                   8.9                                           3             31               0.9                                            4.2
 qalar                  ... ... ....         11.0                                .............. .                 . .... ...... " .... 12..602 ..                        42.0
  Reunion                                      2.5                                                                                                                         2.3
  Roman ia ........ .............. 230 ..3. .9,222' 12.5 0 ... ' 62'                                       27               0.02.027                         0.7           5.3
  R~s~ia~Feder",ion                  .16.888.5            30.1~8'          2.6 ' . J~3.5                   45               0.0 .... 4 ...169 ..             0.5         10.7
 .Rv.:"n(ja..                                24.7              798        12.2 ....... .....3              10               0.2                                            0.1
                                               2.8                                                                                                                         0.8
 Sao Tome and Principe                         1.0                                                                                                                         0.6
 Saudi Arabia ··· ··. ·.· .2.149.7                             120 709.2 '                   2                0             0.8 .... 4 ...753 ..             1.4         13.8         .. Not available.
 i;~n~gal                                   192.5          4.482'          i5'             74          ....38..             0.7             302              1.8           0.4        Note: Figures in Italics are for years other than those specified: 0 or 0 .0 means zero or less than half the unit shown and not known
                                                                                                                                                                                      more precisely.
 Seychelles                                    0.5                                                                                                                ........ 2 ...2..
                                                                                                                                                                                      a. Data refer to any year from 1980 to 1997 unless otherwise noted. b. Total water resources include river flows from other coun-
 s ierr'; Leon~                              71.6         33.698           0 .2            13              18                3.0                                           0.1
                                                                                                                                                                                      tries . C. Data refer to estimates for years before 1980. d. Land area for Belgium includes Luxembourg.                    .



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1999 World Bank Atlas                           31
                              Economy

                              Economic growth expands the opportunities for people to improve their
                              living standards. It also provides the resources to lift people out of the
                              worst forms of poverty. Over the past two decades the coun tries of East Asia
                              and the Pacific have led the way-with their GNP per capita rising by 8 per-
                              cent a year. Lagging behind are Africa, the Middle East, and the transition
                              economies of Europe and Central Asia-where the GNP per capita is lower
                              today than in 1980.
                                 One difference for the leaders is their move from agriculture to indus-
                              try and services. Low-income economies still have 28 percent of their pro-
                              duction in agriculture, while middle-income countries are at 11 percent,
                              and high-income countries, at 2 percent. Another differe nce is the way the
                              leaders have been managing their economies-keeping inflation in check,
                              holding trade deficits down, using foreign borrowings wisely, and main-
                              taining a healthy rate of domestic investment.
                                 Economic growth alone is not enough, however, for the distribution of
                              income in a country matters, too-both for growing faster and for pro-
                              tecting the poor during setbacks.




S8 11911   World Bank Atlas
Economle                                                                         Economia

La croissance economique ouvre a ux etres humains de nouvelles perspec-          EI crecimiento econ6mico aumenta las oportunidades para que los
tives d'amelioration de leur niveau de vie. Elle fournit aussi les ressources    individuos mejoren su nivel de vida. Ademas, provee los recursos
permettant d'affranchir les etres humains des pires formes de la pauvrete.       necesarios para rescatar a quienes sobreviven en los peores niveles de
Au cours des 20 dernieres annees, - avec un PNB par habitant augmen-             pobreza. Durante las ultimas dos decadas los paises de Asia oriental y el
tant de 8 % I'an, les pays d'Asie de l'Est et du Pacifique ont ouvert la voie,   Pacifico, con un crecimiento del PNB per capita del 8% anual, han
distan{:ant I'Mrique, Ie Moyen-Orient, et les pays en transition d'Europe et     registrado los niveles mas altos de crecimiento econ6mico. Africa, Oriente
d 'Asie centrale - ou Ie PNB par habitant est plus faible aujourd'hui qu'en      Medio y las economias en transici6n de Europa y Asia central, donde
1980.                                                                            actualmente el PNB per capita es mas bajo que en 1980, son las regiones
   Ce qui differencie les pays de tete , c'est leur passage d'une economie       mas rezagadas.
agricole a une economie tiree par l'industrie et les services. La part de           Uno de los aspectos que diferencian a los paises de crecimiento mas
I'agriculture dans Ie total de la production des pays a faible revenu est        rapido es la reorientaci6n de sus economias desde la agricultura a la
encore de 28 %, tandis qu'elle n'est plus que de 11 % pour les pays a            industria y los servicios. En las economias de ingreso bajo el 28% de la
revenu intermediaire et de 2 % pour les pays a revenu eleve. Ce qui dis-         producci6n tiene lugar en el sector agricola, en comparaci6n con eI 11 %
tingue encore les pays de tete des autres, c'est la maniere dont ils gerent      en los paises de ingreso mediano y el 2% en los de ingreso alto. Otra
leur economie - maitrisant I'inflation, limitant les deficits commerciaux,       diferencia es la forma en que los primeros han administrado sus
faisant bon usage de leurs emprunts exterieurs et main tenant, a tout            economias, es decir, conteniendo la inflaci6n , manteniendo el deficit
moment, Ie taux d'investissement interieur a un niveau robuste.                  comercial en un nivel bajo, usando acertadamente los prestamos externos,
   Mais la croissance economique ne suffit pas: la distribution du revenu        y manteniendo tasas saludables de inversi6n interna.
dans la population du pays compte egalement - tant pour accelerer la                No obstante, el crecimiento econ6mico, por si s610, no basta; la
croissance que pour proteger les pauvres pendant les periodes de recu!.          distribuci6n del ingreso en un pais tambien es importante, tanto para
                                                                                 aumentar el ritmo de crecimiento como para proteger a los pobres en
                                                                                 tiempos de crisis.




                                                                                                                                       191. World Bank Atlas   37
ECONOMY                                                    Income per person


                                                           GNP per capita, 1997                                                                     PNB par habitant, 1997                                                                               PNB per capita, 1997
                                                           Gross national product-the sum of gross value added                                      Produit national brut -       somme de la valeur ajoutee                                             Producto nacional bruto -suma del valor bruto agrega-
                                                           by resident producers (plus taxes less subsidies) and net                                brute par les producteurs residents (majoree des taxes ,                                             do por todos los productores residentes (mas los
                                                           primary income from nonresident           sources~ ivided                      by        minoree des subventions) et des montants nets de                                                     impuestos menos las subvenciones) mas las entradas
                                                           midyear population.                                                                      revenu primaire verses par des non-residents -                                              divise   netas de ingreso primario de no residentes-                       dividido
                                                                                                                                                    par la population en milieu d·annee.                                                                 por la poblaci6n de mediados de ano .




                                    .-    -
            ~ ,

                        .
                                ..~

                                                                                                                                               '"
                                                                                                                                               ,~




                                .
                                0     Low ($785 or less)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             t....
         ~ ,~                   0     Lower middle ($786-3.125)
            '~                        Upper middle ($3.126-9.655)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               '\
       ..    ........       '         High ($9.656 or more)
       '(~                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    !If
        ·J                            No deta                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 "




                                                              Di"trlbution 01 world population i1mong economies                                      GNP per capita. 1997, 5                                                                              GNP per capita . 1997. S
                                                              grouper! by GNP per capita

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   8NP Popul8tlon 8NP per
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       $ mlnlonl ~
                                                                                                                                                            East Asia & paclnc        970                                                                                                       mlllloIw   1997        $
                                                                                            o ...-.. ..-,.. .....
                                                                                           .---LoW(S785orless)                            ..             Europe & Central Asia        2.310
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1997                      1997
                                                                                           o
                                                                                                        -,      ~~     ,.-~.~.".,.~.,-,


                                                                                                                                                                                               .. -.. -.- ...... --., .. ' ......       .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             .~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ~


                                                                                                   Lowermlddle                                       Latin America & Caribbean              ~                                                             i::a.t' (S?~.~~1 ..._....6;" ..........!.B.4.?~..       2~g~
                                                                                           .       ,......... _...............
                                                                                               _...($7&&.3,125) .                                                                                                                                         Lower middle
                                                                                                                                                     Middle East & North AfrIca        2.070                                                                ($786--3.125)            59 ......~~2~                2,~       ,1:,230
                                                                                               Upper midIIe
                                                                                           (i) (S3.126-9,655)                                                       South Asia    31!0                                                                    · U~ ·
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          (S3.l26-9,655)             ~ _ _2.~!~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ..                          574     _.~~540
                                                                                                                                                            Sub-Saharan Africa    ~

                                                                                                                                                                  High Income     1--------2&.1 90
                                                                                                                                                                                  o                 15.000                                 30.000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          .rf~;'~l.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ~.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ~~..2._~ ,~;,~.~.             927 25,890
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  _ ~O .. ~".l2~,!.~._ .. ____ ~r!!_2.Q   .. -;l,BO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          _5


   38 1911 World Bank Alias
                                                                                                                                                                      IIn.urnllll S .. u ......



Tasa de creclmlento del PNB per capita,                               Taux de croissance du PNB par habitant,                          GNP per capita growth, 1996-97
1996-97                                                               1996-97                                                          The average annual percentage change in a country's
Variaci6n porcentual anual media del PNB per capita real              Variation annuelle moyenne. en pourcentage. du PNB               real GNP per capita . To exclude the effects of inflation.
de un pais. A fin de excluir los efectos de la inflaci6n. se          r~el   par habitant. calculee <'I partir du PNB en prix cons·    constant price GNP is used in calculating the growth rate.
utiliza el PNB medido en precios constantes para calcu-               tants afin de faire abstraction des effets de !'inflation
lar la tasa de crecimiento.




  GNP pel cap,!a growth .ate. 1990-97.                                  Index of GNP per cilplta. 1980-97. .l980 = 100                   Distrlb~tlon   of world population among economies
  percent                                                                                                                                grouped by GNP Iler capita growth rate

                                      GNP      PopuI8tIon   GNP per
                                         S       mUlIona     capita
                                  mlllIone
                                    1997
                                                  1997           S
                                                              1997
                                                                        300
                                                                                                                 ·   East AsIa
                                                                                                                     &. PacIIk:           _M. . ___. ,·,. . . ,
                                                                                                                                                                  ·
  Less th .. 0'11.
 '0::0.9%
 -i:O:i:9i"""'--
                     57
                     25
                          1.501.314
                          3:854.311
                     3119.208:155
                                                        ...
                                               6:67 ...._ ~.2?0
                                               490          7.870
                                             1.015..·····18.930
                                                                        250

                                                                        200                                      ·
                                                                                                                 0
                                                                                                                     l8tln America
                                                                                                                     & CarIbbean
                                                                                                                     Middle East
                                                                                                                     &. North AIItca
                                                                                                                                                  less tllIIn 0!6
                                                                                                                                                         0-0.9% Ii)
                                                                                                                                                ._ ... 1.~i9'i.-O
                                                                        150                                                                          2.a-:i9'i.·· ·
                          1:301.052·········_· 494 ··..·2:&30
  2.0:2.9%           26
 'iiiiC;;;;O're-3!i -·4.003.oii-····2.989 ·· ..i·340                    100                                      ·   South Asia                   3:0I6(;moni -'i
  N0d8!8             ·36 ······ .. 25e:-SiiS       . 165 "1:550
                                                                                       1985     1990      1997   ·   Sub&lharan
                                                                                                                     Afrfca
                                                                                                                                                        Nodala
                                                                                                                                                                  ·
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1999 World Bank Atlas   39
ECONOM Y                        Agriculture


                                AgrIculture share in GDP, 1997                                     Part de I'agrlculture dans Ie PIS, 1997                                                                     ' Proporcl6n de la agrlcultura en el PIS, 1997
                                The value added in a country's agricultural sector as a            Valeur ajoutlle du secteur agricole en pourcentage du                                                         Valor agregado en el sector agricola de un pais como
                                percentage of gross domestic product.                              produit intllrieur brut.                                                                                      porcentaje del producto interno bruto.




                         -

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                --=..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 !fL~'-:'· . · · ~""t
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ......

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              c .... ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ... . '...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 !I.',      ,!"




                                 Distribution of world population all10ng economies                 Agriculture share in GOP, 1997. percent                                                                       Agricult ure share In GDP, 1997 . percent
                                 grouped by agriculture share ill GOP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              GNP    PopuIIIIIan         aNPper
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 S      mllllclM          capita
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           mlllIoM         1897               S
                                                              i-~ I/I8f16'i--"                                                                                                                                                               1897                          1897
                                                              '(f ~-'---'---"
                                                                                                       Low-income economies 1 - - - - - - - - - -28
                                                              'O "i ()',:19;i;'-'-'---'-'--'         Middle-Income ec:onomles   1-___ .11.
                                                              . ...20=29!i -._...__..                                           ........._ ....   ,.u.u_.~   .. _, .. , ..........   "._~   ...........   _~




                                                                                                         Low- &   mldd~ncome  ' - -_ _ 13
                                                                       ormore---'
                                                             ·. ...n ..--,...-.,- ........-··...
                                                             .......
                                                                 --   , .,~
                                                                                                                    economies r-
                                                                                                       High-income economies    ~2

                                                                                                                                061016202530



    40 19 ·· World Bank Atlas
                                                                                                                                                                                                ··· "v~ ..... v ....




Proporcl6n de la Inversi6n en el PIS, 1997                                Part de l'lnvestlssement dans Ie PIS, 1997                                    Investment share In GDP, 1997
Desembolsos en concepto de adiciones a los activos                        D~penses consacr~es         a I' accroissement du capital              fixe   Outlays on additions to the fixed assets of an economy
fijos de la economia, mas los cambios netos en el nivel                   de   I'~conomie,   plus variations nettes du niveau des                       plus net changes in the level of inventories, as a per-
de los inventarios, como porcentaje del producto interno                  stocks, en pourcentage du produit         int~rieur    brut.                  centage of gross domestic product.
bruto.




                                -
                     .   ~

                                                                                                                ~J



                   · 0
                             Less than 15%
                             1&-19%
                             20-24%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ·
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
                     0
  .. -.                      2&-29%


    ·J
       ,
                   · 0
                             3ow. or more
                             No data                                                                                                                                                                                                    "




 Investment shme in GOP. 1997. percellt                                    Investment share In GOP In selected developing                                Distribution of world ItOpulatlon nmong economies
                                                                           economics. 1991. percont                                                      grouped by Investm~nt share In GOP

               ~Iee                    GNP      PopuIIItIon   aNP,.,
                                            $     mllllona     c.......
                                   mlllIOna          1197            $                           BIIIZII                 21-
                                     1197                       1197

  Les, !her! 15... ~               131.451            194        6BO
                                                                                                 China
                                                                                                 Incla
                                                                                                                                                 .a      ... ... .   ~        -
                                                                                                                                                                         .......... _!han 15~
                                                                                                                                                                                 Less.
                                                                                                                                                                                    1S-~
  ts:.ifii-·-··· . 43 13,988:82.9-                  1.197     U.680                          IfIdOneala                                31                                           20-24"
  20-24"                 43      7,31:.4,773       ..1;971    ":1:"740                         MexiCQ
                                 i.192.8eo·                                                                                      :18
  25-29!!.               29                            651     2.140
  3()W, or   ni-;;;;-..·..34" 7:224.069             1:754      4,120               RUssian Fedendlon                        22                                                 ~ormClnl
  NOcIata-'              40        222;756            146      i530                           Thailand                                      35                                      Noclata
                                                                                                           0   10      20          30        40



                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1999 World Bank Atlas   41
ECONOMY



                                           GNP




                                        $ millions
                                                                  GNPporcoplla



                                                                       PPf"
                                                                       inter-
                                                                      national
                                                                         S
                                                                                    Awrage
                                                                                     CWlnual
                                                                                   real growth
                                                                                      %
                                                                                                    %01
                                                                                                    GDP
                                                                                                                  %01
                                                                                                                  GDP
                                                                                                                              1-rot,



                                                                                                                                %
                                                                                                                                            Cumont
                                                                                                                                            occount
                                                                                                                                            beIonc:e


                                                                                                                                              %of
                                                                                                                                              GDP         millions
                                                                                                                                                                                                            GNP




                                                                                                                                                                                                          Smillions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     GNPporcoplla



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PPf"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          inter-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        national
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            $
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     A_
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      annual
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    real~h
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        %
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    %01
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    GDP
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  %01
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  GDP            %
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             occount

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             -.,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              %01
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              GDP
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ._

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Total




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             millions
     Economy                              1997 1        1997'          1997        1990-97         1997          1997        1990-97         1997          1997                                            1997'                         1997        1990-97       1997          1997        1990-97          1997            1997

      Af\!~anistan        ......... .. .. ........ ...............            ....    . .. .                                                                            Ecu<KIor18,785 .... 1.,.570 ... 4,700                                          0.9           12            20            33.3      -3.814,918
      Albania.............. . . . .2,540.                   760. .2,170'             2.2          63            12              58.1     -11.1                706       Ewpt, Arab Rep,      ..12,164 .... 1.,.2003,080                                2.8           18            18.10:5.                 3.829'84 9
      AI.Il~ri.a..        ....            43,927 ...1.,.5()O ..4,250'. -1.6                       11                            23.8
                                                                                                                 26 ..............         ......}(),921                EI Salvador . . . . . . . . 10,7()4..... 1.,810 .. 2,860                       3.5           13            15             9.8       0.9},282
      American Samoa ...................................... .                                                                                                           Equatorial Guinea              444 .... 1.'060 ..                             12.1           23                         14.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   96 .................. -132.8            283
      Andorra                                                     '                                                                                                     Eritrea ............................. 852.    230 . .1,040'.                   2.9            9            41           12.7 ... ~3.2.               76
      An.ll~la.             ... ....3,()1,2                 260820' -10.0                            9           25 .. 1'091 :4            42.910,160                   Estonia                           4,899 . 3,,3(50 .5,090                      -2.8            7            30           92.2 ... ~12.. 0 ..........6.5l:l.
      Anti~uaandBarbuda .......... 489.7,3fjO                           8,650        1.8                         47
                                                                                                     4 ................          2.6       -0.1                         Ethiopia...                 .6,507            110      500                     2.2           55            19             8.9      -7.110,079
      Ar~e~ti.na................. .31~,:293 ....8.,~!5()              1(),~OO        4.2             7           20             12.2       -3.1123,221                  Faeroe Islands
                                                                                                                                                                        ....................................................
      Armenia                                2,112          560 .... .2,540        -10.7          41              9           482.8      -18.6 ...............666       F i j i 2 , ( ) 0 7 ..... .2.,460 . .3,860                                      0.4          18            12              3.5         0.5              213
      Aruba                                                        f
                                .............................................       -0.6                                         4.5                                    Finland           ...... ... ~2,7,~9.8 ..24.'.79019,660                         0.9           4            17              1.8         5.4
      Australia               .       .382,705          20,6!5() .19,510             2.4             3           20 ................
                                                                                                                                 1.7                                    France           . . . . . l,541,630. 26,300.2.2,210                            1.0           2            17              1.8         2.8
      Austria . . .                   ..225,~73 ... 2.T,~~()          22,()~0        1.1             1           24              2.6                                    French Guiana
                                                                                                                                                                        .........................................................
      Azerbaijan......                     .3,flfl6.        510 .. 1,520           -16.0           22                         447.8
                                                                                                                 28 .................                         504       French Polynesia                                 ' .............. .
      B~h.afTl.a~,. The...        ................        ........ .............    -2.0                                         2.9                                    Gabon. . .... .. ... . . . ... 4,!?24.'1~()6,560                     -0.1                     7            26            8.5           2.04,285
      Bahrain                                                                        2.6             1            5              1.2                                    Gambia, The.                      407        340 ..... 1:440'.. -O.6                      .. 3().          18 ................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4.7         -5.8              430
      B~n~l.a~e.sh....                     44,090                                    3.3           24            21              3.6       -2.2}5,125                   Geo.rllia..... ...4,13?6.                    880 .... 1,98.0        -14.9                    32             71,033:2                  --.6.5 ....... 1,.446.
      BarbOOos                                                                      - 0 . 9 $ ............L                      0.8         5.2              644          rr
                                                                                                                                                                        (3e nany ........2,320,985 ... 28,.28021,170                          0.7                     1            21             2.5         -0.1
      Belarus                              22,()fj22,1!5()              :4,fj~O     -5.6          14             26           561.4        -3.51,162                    Ghana....                   ....6,9.fj2.     390        1,610'        1.4                    36            24           29.2          -4.7..5,982
      Bel~iurn                           272,382 .. .2.6.,.130         23,()90       1.3             1           18              2,6.        5.6 .................      Greece ..........122,430 ... 11,.640.12,540                           1.0                    11            19           12.2          -3.7
      Belize                                   13~42'E57()              :4,()8.0     0.3           23            24              3.7       --.6.1             383       Greenland
      Benin ........... .... _               2,227          3801,260                 1.7          38             18 ..................
                                                                                                                                10.6          ........... ~,.6.2:4 ..   Grenada                           300 .... 3.,.140.4,760              1.3                    10            33                3.2     -19.6              105
      Bermuda                                                                                                                                                           GU<KIeiOupe       ........................ ..            ~   .................................. .
      Bhutan ....................................
                                               315          430                      2.0          38             43              9.7 -15.8 .................   89       Guam
      Bolivia ...................... .? ,?El4               970 ......2,fjl0..       2.0           16            19             10.4       --.6.85,248                  Guatemala. ..1~,~82 .....1.,:;fl()                     4,()60 ........ 1..5.......... 24                   14             12.2     -3.54,0fl6
      Bosnl.a. and Herzellovin.a ..                                                                                                                                     Guinea......... .3,830                       550. .1,700.              2.7            23                                   6.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   22 .................    -2.3 .. .. },.5.20.
      B~tsy;~na5,()70 .... .3.,.3~() . ..1 ,:4~0                                     1.3             3           26             10.2       12.3               562       Guinea-Bissau                         264    230                       1.0            54                   24            45.3     -10.2            921
      B r a z i l . . . . . . 7.84,044 .                  4,790        .6,350.       1.9             8                        475.7
                                                                                                                 21 .................      -4.1 ....1~~,.6.6~ ..        GLJ~an"                               677    800     2:806'         12.9               $                   32 . ............... .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 26.7     -21.8 . .1,611
      Brunei                         ............................................   -2.1          .3                 .......... 1: 6 ..                                 Haiti ................ .. ..      .2,864     380 ... 1,260.'. -4.4                    30                   10             25.3     -4.7 .. ..... 1,0.5.7.
      Bul.~aria                   ..         9,750 ..... 1.,1703,870                -2.0           23            12 .... .109:5              4.4 ...... ~,.8.5fj ..     Honduras             .............. 4,426.   740    .. 2,260           1.0            20                   32 ................... --.6.14,698
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  20.4
      B~rkina. Faso..                 .. ....2,?79.          250        1,000'       0.8          35             25              6.91,297                               Hunllary                                                                                                   27             22.8     -2.224,373
      Burundi                                  924          140 ...... 620'         -5.9          53               7            10.7         0.4 ....... ~,.0.6E5 ..    Iceland
                                                                                                                                                                                                          45,!ElO  4,510
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             .6,9.70 .... 0 ...2 ............ 6 .. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.4            11                   18 ................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   3.1     -1.8
      Cambodia                    ......3,~El2.             300 ..... 1,:29.0.~.. 2.7             51             16             37.8       --.6.9.2,129.                India ........................ .3.5?,~91.    370 ......l,13ElO..       4.3            25                   24              8.8     -1.594,404
      Cameroon . . . . . 8 , 6 1 0                          620 ..1,770             -3.3          41             16 ........ ... 6A.       -1.3 ....... 9.,.2.9~ ..     Indonesia. 22.1,533 .... I.,.110 .. 3,390                              5.9            16                   31 .................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   8.6     -2.31~6,174
      C~n.ad.a...                  ..?9:4,976 .... ~9.,.6:4(). 21,750                0.8 ........... L           18              1.4       -1.5                         Iran, ISlamicRep.10fl,614.1,7fl() ......5,~~0.                         1.9            25                   29             32.5      3.7 ..... 11,.816.
      C~peyerde..                              436       1,0902,950'                 1.0             9           34 ................... -7.0 . ............... .
                                                                                                                                 5.3                          220       .lra.9 ..
      Cayman .I.slands ..                                                                                                                                               Ireland.. ..... ... ... ..65,137 .. 17.,.7~..17 ,420                            5.6            6                      1.8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   18 ............             2.6
      Central African Republic              1,104           320:i.:;310'            -1.6          54              9              5.9                          885
                                                                                                                                                    ................    Isle of Man
                                                                                                                                                                        ................
      Chad                           . ..1,629.              230' 950"               1.0          39             19              7.3               ....... 1,0.27 ..    .Israel............... · .......... 94,402 .... 1.6.,.180 ... I.7,6fl()         2.6                                     11.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   22 ...............         -5.1
      Channel Islands
      .......................                                                                                                                                           It~lx                          1,160,4:44 ... 20,.17020,100                     1.0            3                          4.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   17 . ................ .     2.9
      Chile                                70,510 ....4.'8~() .. l2,~40                              7           27
                                                                                     6.4 .. .·.......·.....................·.. 10.2        -5.3 ..... 31,.440 ..        Jamaica                           ...3,~?6. ....1.,.5:;() ..... :3,~~0.         0.8            8           35           32.8          -9.13,913
      China              '),055:372                         8603,070                10.0           19                           11.2
                                                                                                                 38 .................        3.3146,697                 J.ap'a~.                       4,812,103 .. 38.,.16024,400                      1.4            2           30             0.5          2.3
      .. Hon~ .Konl!.'. Chin'" .         163,fj:34      ~5,.2()O      .24,~50        3.3             o           34              6.7       -1.5                         J o r d a n . . . . .....6,!?5...... 1.'.5~() ....3,~?0..                      2.8             3           29             3.3         -2.9 ....... 8,.234.
      Colombia                ..          87,125 .. .2,.180 .6,? 70.                 2.6           11            19 ................. -5.9}~,777
                                                                                                                                22.4                                    Kazakhstan  ..         21,317     .1.,3503,530                                -7.4           12            16          440.4          -4.1 .... 4,278
      COmoros..                                209          400         1,530'      -3.1           39            21              3.9       -B.8               197       Kenya .......................... ~,1354....        340 .....l,~ElO            -0.3           29            19           16.0          -3.76,486
      <:~n~0,Dem.Rep.5,201                                  110         !60'        -9.6          58               7 ...... 2,0.1~:8. .... . .. . g 3 3 0               Kiribati                             76            910                        -0.6 ..          $         ....L            7.0
      Con~o,Rep.... .1,fj~7                                 670 .... 1,~~0..        -2.9           10            26              8.9     -11.05,071                     Korea, Dem,Flep,.                               ..........................................................................................
      Costa R i c a . . . . . 9,275 .... .2.,.680 .6,510                             2.3           15                           18.0
                                                                                                                 27 ................       -2.7           },.5411.      ~orea,Rep,..485,209.                            10,5501'3,430                  6.0            6            35          5.3     -1.8.143,373
      COte d'ivoire              .........1(),~?2.          710 ......1,1300...      0.9           27            16              9.3         0.315,609                  Kuwait         ......................................                         17.5            0            13                  25.7
      Croatia.... .19,343. 4,060 . 4,930                                             2.7           12            15           218.1        -4.5 ....... 13,.8.42 ..     ~yrI!YZRepublic..2,211.          4802,180                                     -9.7           45            22 . I 9 9 : 1      -7.9          928
      Cuba ..................                                     t" ........... .                                                                                      Lao PDR            ......1,9.~4. 400 .... .1,30.0                              3.9           52            29        12.2    -12.8 ....... 2,3.20.
      <:Yf>rus                                                                       2.6 ..$..~ ......... ..:4:2..                         -2.5         ......... .     L a t v i a . . 5 , 9 9 5 .... .2.04303,970                                   -7.3            7            20        87.7      --.6.2        503
      Czec.h .Republic .                   53,9525.'240 .10,~0                      -0.3             $           34             17.1       --.6.3       21,456          Lebanon        .....13,900.3.'350         6,090                                4.9           12 ......... .2.1...    27.7    -23.3 .. 5,036
      Denmark                            184,~47 ... 34.,89023,450                   2.5             4           191:9.                      0.5                        Lesotho                 1,368    6802,~~o'                                     2.5           11            86         8.0 .. .... .          660
      D)ioo.u.ti.. .                                                                                 4            9              4.6       -4.7               284       ~i.~~j.~ ..                                                                                                                                    ....... ~,0.1.2.
      Dominica                                 2253,040                 4,020        0.7           20 ..........33..           ..}}       -16.9                9B       Libya ..
      Dominican Republic                   14,148         1,750         4,690        3.5           12            25             11.5       -0.8            4,239        Liechtenstein



   4211999 World             Bank All a 5
Economy
                                       GNP




                                     S millions
                                                                   GNP,.. .......




                                                                           PPf"
                                                                           inter-
                                                                        national
                                                                            $
                                                                                          """_
                                                                                          annual
                                                                                         real growth
                                                                                             %
                                                                                                       %of
                                                                                                       GIll'
                                                                                                                       %of
                                                                                                                       GOP
                                                                                                                                    - --- -
                                                                                                                                    - -%
                                                                                                                                                      % of
                                                                                                                                                      GOP
                                                                                                                                                                     T....




                                                                                                                                                                    millions
                                                                                                                                                                                  Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           GNP                      GNP,.. .......




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ._aI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PPP'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          inter-

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           $
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        """_
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        annual
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      real"""",
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            !Ii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          %of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          GOP
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          %of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         GOP              !Ii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          %of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         GOP            millions
                                      1997-                               1997           1990-97       1997            1997         1990-97           1997           1997                                                                 1997'           1997         1990-97           1997            1997          1990-97           1997            1997

Lit.hu.a~i.a..                        /l}I;C .... 2.'.260 ..... :4 , l,~C..                -7.1        13               2714ii:3~10.2 ..... ..1".541, ..                          !)I"Ilap()re. . . 1.01,,83432,81,.0                                  ~9 . 2. ()
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             3             6.7               .0           37                 2.9         15.4
~u~eI11~u.~~..               . ·......................·.··.·   ~   .. .. .. ... .... .      0.2         1          2.3  21                                                        !)lova~Republic .                    19,!!013,~!.8E;()              .. . .. .()L                           5            35i2 . S~i.0                            .. !!,!j8.9.
Macao                                                                                        .... ~                7.5                                                            !)lo~e~I.a. . ...     .. .. ......1!!,!;5CJ.          ..9,~C.        11,880  4.2                           5            24 .......... 3.2,} . .. ~ ..2.. .. 4,1.62
M.a~eij~rii~.: FiR.             2,187 ......1.1.0.0   3 :180'      -21               12          19              60.5 -12.5 .. ... 1".54~ ..                                      Solomo~ . I.sla~d.s..                  35.0               87C2;27~ '         1..0                                                       9 .9 ..... ::1. ..4..         135
~a~~l!Sc. ar.. .                3,575          250900            · ~1. 6             32          12              23.6 . :::3..[3 .. ..... 4,10!;.                                 Somalia                                                                                                                                    . . ... .... .. .. .... :2,!;61
~al!'w.i..       .              2,:1~9         21C · 7.0.000E!                       36          123~ :( '                                  2' 20i;                               !)()ut~ .i\frl<:a. ..                13C,1,513,21,Cfi9~' '-.:oj                                           5             16 .... ...... 10.1 .       -1.5         25,22.2
~al~.i!, ..            . ... 98,:195 .. .. 4 ..53.0 . 7,73.0        5.8              12          43                4.5 ..... ::4:(/ . ... :41.,.2.2/l ..                          !)P.8.in.... . ...!;6!!,1;3.7 .. 1.4,4!jC 15.69.0                                          1.3            3             21              4.6 · .. ·0. 5· ··
M a l d i v e s : 3 ( ) l .....1 ..lflO):~~O:'                      4 .3                                           9.1       -4 .6              160                               Sri lanka                              14,1.81              6Ocf46~ : ~§                                22              24 ............9.. /l ..... ::2...6 ..... !:1>3Il
M.ali .. .          .. . . ... .2,i;!;6 ..     260       72.0       .0.3             49          2 3 i i i:o ' ~7.o                         2,9:'\!;                              !)u~j~ . an~ .N.~~ ..                         256 .... ..6,?E;C. . . !,77(j                4 ..0           6             46                4.0 ............ .              62
Malta3,~!j8.. ....9..~~()i~:~0.                                     3 ..0 ... ... ..... ~ ..     25                3.6 ... ..~5:(j .. .... 1".0.3:4                               St. lucia                                     558 .... ..3,!;:iC...... !;,C.3j) ....... .2:!!.. ..      11              19 .. .. ........2,9. -13.4                       152
~:~~~ig~~':a~ds .. ...... ..... .. ...!j1.  1.61.0 i ... .......          . ......... . L           ... .... ......7....0
                                                                                                                        ....                                                      St. V""""'lancl .the. ~f!IladirwasP.2.                  ..?~:10.        4.060              1.8          13               32                3.0 " ~i2:ii "                 258
                                                                                                                                                                                  S u d a n !,!jl?                                             29c : j:)iV ... .F .                                                        81.6 -19.51i;,~26
~a~ri.tani.a . .                      1 ,.093   44.0                     i6S0'               1.5        25              18              6 ..0 ... .2-.12 ,45~                     Surin!,m~                                     544 ......l~?C...              ..         -<l.5 ... ......L .... .. ..J .                                    .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         138.0 .... :z~ 8 .. .
~a~ri.ti~~.                ...        4 ,<\.443,81..0                   9:~~0                3.7         9              28      ·     " 6:4      -2.62,47:2                       Swaziland                           . . l,~5/l ....1,!;~C ... .::I,.69()                -<l .6          19              34               12.7          -3.7               368
~~Y.'?~~ ..                                                    e                                                                                                                  Sweden                       . .231,!jC.5 .. .2.6,~l,C. . l,~ .C.l() ·" O.2                        ...... 1 .            15                2.6 ..... .:3 . 2 ... .. ........ .
 Mexico                     ... ..?4/l,~2.1......3 ..7.0.0 .. ):~~O '                     0..2            5             26           19.3             -1.8149.69CJ                SWitzer.llln.d .... . .. ......3()!;,?3.843,(jE;C?E;.58()                               -<l.5                            20 ..... . .. ....1:!! ....... 13.9.. .
.M.i.cro.n~~la....Fe<j: Sts.           213 ..1,9~                                         -1.8                                         3.4                                        !)yrianArab~ep~bllc.                    16,E;<\31,l?C .. .::I.CC()..                     . ~} ....... .. 1.              29                8.9           3.2 . ...2C,8E;5.
 Moldova                . . .1,974                   460 . . 1,:4?C..                    -10.8          31              24 ..... ...........
                                                                                                                                   222.5                                          !ajikist"n                   ..            :2,.01.0         33Cl,.lC()                -16.1 .... ... 1.                  17 ....... 3.9.4..,3          -4.2               9.01
.M.0~a.co.                                                                                                                                                                        Tanzania'                    ...... . 15,1;3.2..             21.0          62.0 .... .. ..C:!!          47               2.0             25 .2         -7.9 ... ... 1.,17.1
.M.0~~Ii.a ..    . ......... ....... .!!98             39.0  i490'. '                      -1.4         37              22              89.3             4.1          718         Thailand                         .. .165,75.9......2:!~C.              6.49.0 ......5:~ . .             11              35                 4.8 .. ··· :.:.2:0 ....9~,~1.6.
 Morocco           ..... .. 3.4}!!C                  1.260 ' 3;210 "                       "002         15              2 1 3 : 8 " -<l.319.32l,                                  !o!1,O' ...                       ... 1,,:485                34CJ46~' -1.2                              42               16 ... ......8.!! ... ......... .            P39
.M.0~am.bI9u~ ... . ...........2,:4.05.                14CjijO'                             2.6         31              3.0 ......... . 4~ : !! .. . ::1.5...6.. . !;.99l,        !o~~ ....                                     177.. .1,111.0.                              1.4          37 ... ... ..... !L                3 .8 .. ..........              61
~m.ar .                                                                                                 59              13 ..........2:4 : ~ ..             :.     5 .07<1        Trinidadand)ob~o                    .. . ~, ?5:3 .. ...4,~C ..... ~ .4.6C ··O:5 .. ·                       2             22                7.2 .. ,5.5. . . ~, 1,1;2
Namibi.a ...           ..           3,<1282.11,.0                         5:100'             1.1        11              2.0              9.4             5.9                      Tunisial!! ,4~3 .....2,11,.0. . 5,.05.0                                                    2 ..0        13               27                5 ..0       -3.4         .1 1,32.3
NeP.8I ..                           :4,!lE;3 .            2 2 C i,090                        2.2        41              21 ... ....... .. fp      ..... ~9:~ .... ... ~,~/l ..    TurkexI99,:3()?3,~C. .. .. i;,4.1(j .. ·i3 ·                                                            15               25 ... J9}                    -1 .4 .... ..9:1,?C.5.
Netherlands .. ~3,()?7. ~5,~c2~:~O:O                                                         1.9         3              20                2 ..0         5 .9                      !urkmenls.tan .. ... ........... :2,!!8.          7.. .      64C . :1.41(j            -14 .6              .~ ....... .. J ..... ;I,()!4:? .... JO' .                   1,771
Netherlands Antilles
... .... ............ ... .. .... .                            ,
                                             . . . . . .. ... . .. . .. .                                                                                                         lJ!\,,~d.a                   .             i;,E;()/l         33Cl,l6()~                    4 .4         44               15              17.5          -7 .9 ' 3 :i08
                                                                                                                                                                                  Ukraine                       .         52,62.5 ..        1.04.0 ... 2 ..1.1.0        -12.6             12               2C ... ..59.1;CJ ..... ::?-.1.. .. ..l(),!jC.l .
N"",Ze!,land59,5~9 ... .1.5.,~C                                15,78.0 .... .1...2 ........... L                        22               1.7          -8.6                        lJ~it~~ .Arllb..Ern.ir~t~.~ .. .                                              ..        -3.B .. ......L ..........L                              .............               ..
Nicllr~u. a ..      . ...            1,!!()7            41Ci820'             1.6            34                          28              67.7         -22.1 ....... ? .6.1! ..     Uni.t.e(l .K.i~~~O.", .. . 1.231,?692C,87C .. ~.,7.1()                                     1.9             2             16                3.2           .0.6
Nig.e r                ...... .      1,962              2.0.0 " 830"      -1.9              38                          11               7.2          -0.1 ....... 1 . 5.7!! ..   Uni.t.edS.t.ate.s ..            J?/l~,C.9.2 .. .2.9,CJ!!C ... :2!!.O.8C                    1 .7            2             18 . . . ... .2..1, .... ::~ ..C..
Nigeria.                            33,393              280!lE;C             .0.7           33                          15 1.4       . :28.45~
                                                                                                                                        42.6                                      .Ur~~~aL2C,C356,~C!!.11j)                                                                  3 .5            8             13              45.4          -1.6~:652
Northern Mariana Islands
.. .... ... ........ ...... .... .........                                                                                                                                         Uzbekistan                       .. 24,23.6.             1,.02.0                 .. '·'::5:6           31               19 ........ 442: ~ . ... ::? .~ ....... :2,76.1
N~r"'a.~ . ... ... .                  158,973 .. .3.6.,1.0.0 24,:21;.0        3.8        2           23           1.9      5 .3                                                   Vanuatu                                       238 ......1,~C~;:i3(j,                    -3.5            25                   ......... 4 .. /l         -7. 7                48
.oman                                                           ·            -<l.4 . . . ~ ........... l.       - 2.9     -0.6 ... J.6.C:2 ..                                     Venezuela                        ... .19,31.7.. .3,<I!!C.              8.66.0         ..~: :2 ..           4             18              5.0 ..0         5.4        .3 5,?42
Pa.kist!,n.. .                                             5CCi;~02.0                   25           15     ... 1l,: ~:-:6():29.66~                                               Vietnam ..                 .. .....2~,()C.8.                 31CJ5:9~ "                    6.1          26               29              19.7 ..... ::1. ..5.. ....2:1,1;29
Pa.lau.. .. .                                                                            7                                                                                        Xj!~in..I~I.a~~ . (LJ·.S.) . ........... .......... .... ......               . ..                                                               .. ...........         . ..... .
Panama             ...... .......... 8 ,37.3. . . 3 .. CflO ... 6,!!!!C.      3 ..0      8           29           2.8     -<l.9 .... 1;.3}/l .                                    West Bank and Gaza...
                                                                                                                                                                                              .............. ...                                    h

Pap~aNe", . Gui~ea.                  .. .. 4,:1!!5..       93.0               2.5       28           37           6.7      5.9          .. 2 ,2.7~ .                              Yem.en,Re~ : .                . .. . . ~,~C.5.               27.0          72.0         -1.5            18               21              26.7            2.4           3 ,856
Par.a~.. . ... .. ..... .....1(j,:1!!3... ...2.,CCC),~O:
Peru                  ......... .. 6.3 ,i;7.? ... ? ,6:1C4,?!!C.
                                                                              .0 ..0
                                                                              4.6
                                                                                        23
                                                                                         7
                                                                                                     23
                                                                                                     25
                                                                                                                16:1
                                                                                                                4.0.1
                                                                                                                          -4.72,C5~
                                                                                                                          -5.3 .. ~ ,4(/i; ..
                                                                                                                                                                                  'I'u!\O~I.avi!'.. .FA '<Serb:lM""q .
                                                                                                                                                                                  Zambia                      .. . .. .. . ~,5~..              37.0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             "
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ........:.. . . . . . ..... .........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             91.0 ... ::{):!! .... ... .1.6.. .. ... ... . :1? .           72.4 ...........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                : :::::i~~i9t
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .6 ,1.58
PhilillP.in~ ....... 8/l,~7.? .. 1 .. 2()C                         3,67.0     1.6       19           25           8 .6 .. ~5..:2 .. .. .:4!; ..4.3~ ..                            Zimbabwe                           .. .. . 8 ,2C/l           72.0 .. .. ? ,2~           -<l.7           19               19              22.4 . .......... . ~,!j61
Po.llln.d .....                      138,!!C93.!;!!CS:5i:O                    4 .2       6           2 2 2 9:5 " -4.2 3 9.89()
Port~a.I ..           ... ....      .1.09,:472 .. .11.,C1C .14,l!!O            2 ..0     4           24 ...... 6:3 ' -1.8
p'uen~ . ~i.c() .. .                               ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ~ ...... ..... l .
Qatar                                                           r            -5.3
iie~niOii ·                                                    i . :::::::::: :                                ............~.
 Romania .. .. ... .. .31,!87..... .1.. 41.0 . .4,:21..0.                    ::0:1..  20             21 ' 1 2 4:0               -0.7 '}()'.44~ .
.RuS~I.a~ . Fl!d<!r<rtlon}94,!!61.2,i;flO ..... <I,:2!!O..                   -7.9        8           22 ........ .2.9/l:!!        C.61:25.E;<\~
.Rw~ncla... .. . . . . . .... l,~!!O                    21.0           65.0  -5.7     37             11             19.3 ·· .. ·::5·.0 . . .1,1.11,.                              .. Not available.
Samoa             . ... ..... .... ....... 1,99. ..... 1,1:4~):~io· " ' 0.7 ..... ...... ~ ............~ .......... .:2:!! .. . 4.7 ....... ...1.51; ..                           § See map for range estimate.
~0. !0m.6. lIn.d . Princ.ipe.               4.0         29.0                 -1.7     23             5.0            56.9                       261                                Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified; 0 or 0.0 means zero or less than half the unit shown and not
                                                                                                                                                                                  known more precisely.
S"Udl..Arllb.ill .. ..              143,:4~C .. . J,.l~~l~:s~o' -2.5                     6           2.0              1 .8 0 . 2                                                  a, Atlas method. b. Purchasing power parity; see the technical notes. c. Estimated to be low income ($785 or less). d. Estimate is
Senee.al ..... ...... . .. . .         4,!77            54.0 .... . 1,f;!jC.   .0 ..0 18             19               6 .5      -1 .3 3,671,                                      based on reg,ession; others are extrapolated from the latest International Comparison Programme benchmark estimates.
Se~.h~lI~s. .                              537      . 6,9:1() .                1 .7      4           36               1.4 -11 .7 1.4!! .                                          e. Estimated to be upper middle income ($3.126-9,655). f. Estimated to be high income ($9.656 or more). g. Data for GNP refer to
Sierra leone                               762          16.0           41.0  -5.7     50             -5             34.5       -14.6        1.149                                 GOP. h. Estimated to be lower middle income ($786-3.125). I. Data refer to mainland Tanzania only.



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1911 Wo rl d Bank Atlas 43
                              State. and Market.

                              A big challenge for developing countries is to use the power of the state to
                              stimulate growth and to ensure that it is sustainable and equitable.
                              Another challenge is to rein in wasteful defense spending. Many develop-
                              ing countries are shifting their priorities from preserving jobs in a stagnant
                              public sector to creating jobs in a vibrant private sector.
                                 Good infrastructure is essential for the growth of the private sector. The
                              quality and adequacy of a country's infrastructure determine how success-
                              ful firms are in delivering high-quality products and services at low prices
                              in the shortest time possible. Low-income countries have been improving
                              their infrastructure, but most remain far behind the middle-income coun-
                              tries, leaving them at a competitive disadvantage in world markets. Tele-
                              communications coverage in Sub-Saharan Mrica is the lowest in the world,
                              averaging 16 lines per thousand people, compared with 50 in East Asia and
                              110 in Latin America. Many national transport systems also fail to deliver
                              the logistical support that firms need, and poorly maintained roads ad~ to
                              the already high transport costs. Private sector growth is also enhanced by
                              good access to technology-access that advances dramatically as countries
                              expand their use of computers and tap the possibilities of the Internet.




44\19 ..   World Bank Atlas