Environmental and Social Assessment for Internal Evacuation Infrastructure and Associated Transmission lines of Mandsaur Solar Project of (Neemuch) Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited Mandsaur Park Phase I: Madhya (RUMSL) Pradesh, India Revised Draft Final Report Project# I11523/0400920 May 2018 The business of sustainability ABBREVIATIONS AMSL Average Mean Sea Level AoI Area of Influence AP Angle Point BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited CGWA Central Ground Water Authority CGWB Central Ground Water Board CHA Critical Habitat Assessment CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPRs Common Property Resources CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CT Current Transformer DC Direct Current DCDS Double Circuit and Double Strung DG Diesel Generator DMU Discrete Management Unit E&S Environment and Social EMF Electro Magnetic Field EPC Engineering, Procurement, Construction ERM Environmental Resources Management ESA Environmental and Social Assessment ESDD Environmental and Social Due Diligence ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMS Environmental and Social Management System GPS Global Positioning System GRM Grievance Redressal Mechanism Ha Hectare HH Household IBA Important Bird Area ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection IFC International Finance Corporation IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IWPA The Indian Wildlife Protection Act JNNSM Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission KV Kilo Volt KVA Kilo Volt- Ampere LA Land Acquisition LC Least Concerned MBGL Metre Below Ground Level MC Multi Circuit MNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change MoP Ministry of Power MP Madhya Pradesh MPPCB Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board MPPTCL Madhya Pradesh Power Transmission Company Limited MPR Monthly Progress Report NT Near Threatened NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation O&M Operation and Maintenance OP Operational Policies PAF Project Affected Families PAPs Project Affected People PMC Project Management Contract PS Performance Standards PSS Pooling Substation PV Photo Voltaic RAP Resettlement Action Plan RFCT LARR The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation RoW Right of Way RUMSL Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited SC Scheduled Caste SECI Solar Energy Corporation of India Limited SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan SOPs Standard Operating Procedures SPD Solar Project Developer SPPD Solar Power Park Developer Sq.M Square Metre ST Scheduled Tribe TL Transmission Line VU Vulnerable WB World Bank WPR Worker Participation Ratio EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited (herein after referred as ‘RUMSL”) is developing a 250 MW Solar Park (Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park), in Mandsaur District, Madhya Pradesh. For the purpose of evacuation of the power generated, a transmission system, comprising of one pooling substation, one grid substation and a 55 km transmission line being developed by RUMSL which passes through 31 villages in the tehsil of Suwasara and Sitamau in District Mandsaur of Madhya Pradesh. The World Bank has agreed to provide financial support for the internal evacuation and associated transmission lines and two bays at Sitamau grid substations. The project will be developed under two phases: • Phase I: Transmission Line of about 8.831 km length from Gujarkhedi pooling substation to temporary tapping point on existing Bhanpura- Badod 220 KV DC Transmission Line and 220 KV Gujarkhedi Pooling substation; • Phase II: Transmission Line of about 46.169 km length from temporary tapping point to Sitamau MPPTCL Grid Substation and 440 KV Sitamau Grid Substation. ERM India Private Limited (ERM) has been commissioned by RUMSL to undertake ESIA for the transmission line and substations. This document provides the ESIA for the Phase I of the project. A full RAP has been separately prepared for the entire transmission line route as part of the ESIA for Phase II of the project. Status of project during ESIA study During the ESIA assessment, it was observed that Phase I activities were at advanced construction stage. Foundation for all 29 tower locations and erection of 17 towers was completed. At substation location, site levelling and foundation activities were completed and construction of bays and control room was in progress. PROJECT DESCRIPTION A brief description of Project is given in table below: Table 0.1 Brief Description of Project S. No. Particulars Description 1. Project Village location • Transmission line: Ghasoi, Runija, Bharai, & Gujarkhedi; • Gujarkhedi pooling substation: Gujarkhedi 2. Tehsil Suwasara ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-I S. No. Particulars Description 3. District Name/State Mandsaur Madhya Pradesh 4. Location Coordinates The project footprint lies between 24°3'17.25"N to 24° 5'3.34"N latitude and 75°43'12.18"E to 75°47'41.85"E longitude 5. Capacity • Transmission line: 220 KV Double Circuit and Double Strung (DCDS) line; • 29 nos. of transmission towers (B and MC series) • Gujarkhedi pooling substation: 33/220 KV pooling substation 9. Site Conditions • Mostly (24 out of 29 Towers) flat agricultural land in the foot print of transmission towers along the transmission line; • Gujarkhedi pooling substation had undulating topography; 10. Road Accessibility Site could be accessed through Mandsaur Suwasara road which connects to village roads of Ghasoi and Runija villages 11. Roads crossing RoW of National Highway: Nil Transmission Line State Highway: Nil Village Roads/ cart track: 14 14. Railway crossing RoW of Nil Transmission Line 15. River/canal/nallah/ Canal: 2; pond crossing RoW of Nallah: 12; Transmission Line Pond/ Water body: Nil 16. Number of Power line 220 KV TL: 1 location (66 KV and above) crossing RoW of Transmission Line 18. Land Availability • Transmission line: o Tower Base Area: 0.42 ha (29 Towers with 12mX12m Base area each, including both government and private land parcels) o Transmission Corridor (32.91 ha considering 24m RoW width of Transmission Corridor); o Access Road: the project has primarily used the existing roads in the area (as discussed in Section 2). In addition to this, temporary access routes of 0.65 Ha were used for the construction phase • Gujarkhedi pooling substation: Approximately 7 ha 19. Water Requirement Construction Phase • Transmission line: 1450 m3 (for foundation and curing); • Gujarkhedi pooling substation: 3 m3/day Operation Phase Gujarkhedi pooling substation: ~2 m3/day 20. Source of Water Construction Phase • Transmission line: from tankers • Gujarkhedi pooling substation: Borewell on site Operation Phase Borewell at substation ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-II Land Requirement and Status The following table provides a summary of the land/RoW requirement for the project. Table 0.2 Summary of Land Requirement for Project Project Sub Government Private Village Total Land Number of Component Component land (ha) Land/ (ha) Impacted Patta land Land (ha) owners Transmission Transmission Runija 2.68 12.54 15.22 54 line line Corridor Ghasoi 4.11 6.89 11 46 with 24m Gujarkhedi 5.57 1.12 6.69 1 wide RoW Total 12.36 20.55 32.91 101 Base Area for Runija 0.04 0.16 0.2 19 Towers Ghasoi 0.07 0.09 0.16 7 Gujarkhedi 0.04 0.01 0.05 1 Total 0.16 0.26 0.41 27 Total Base +RoW 12.52 20.81 33.32 128 Pooling Pooling Gujarkhedi 7 0 7 0 Substation substation Neemuch- Neemuch- Runija 134.19 2 136.19 3 Mandsaur Mandsaur Gujarkhedi 419.44 6 425.44 6 Solar park Solar park (presently residing in Suwasara) Total 553.634 8 561.63 9 There is no land purchase or acquisition associated with the transmission line. The entire transmission line required a RoW clearance. The RoW for the transmission line route is understood to be 24 m (12 m on each side of the transmission line route) for the entire length of 8.831 km. The RoW for the transmission line towers is understood to be 12X12 sqm. Of the 29 towers in the transmission line, 24 are located on private land, and the remaining 5 are located on government land. Of the 24 towers, 17 are located in Runija village, 1 is located in Gujarkhedi and 6 are located in Ghasoi village. These 24 towers on private land are located on land owned by 27 land owners. Of these 27 land owners, 19 land owners are residents of Runija, 1 is a resident of Gujarkhedi and 7 are residents of Ghasoi village. The land for the pooling substation at Gujarkhedi, is spread across 7 hectares. This 7 hectares is comprised completely of government land, the land has been procured as part of the larger land for the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park. The land procurement process for the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park was initiated in the 2014-2015, the land was allotted to RUMSL on 28th January 2016 via order number 32/ - 20(1)/2015-2016. The RoW for the transmission line has been procured in keeping with the requirements of the Electricity Act 2003 and the Indian Telegraph Act 1885. Compensation to the land owners for damage to crops by the construction activities in the RoW was provided at three stages, namely: ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-III • During the excavation work for laying the tower; • During the time of tower erection and • Power lines are strung out between towers No damage to trees due to cutting or trimming has occurred in Phase I. The compensation for crop loss in the RoW has been paid to all 27 land owners through cheques; for the excavation for tower foundation and tower erection activities, according to the electricity act, 2003. This cheque disbursement was done in phases, the first disbursement was done in Mar-Apr 2017, while the second was done in May-June 2017. APPLICABLE REFERENCE FRAMEWORK The applicable reference framework for the ESIA is comprised of the following: • Applicable national and state level environmental and social laws and regulations; • Indian labour laws; • World Bank Safeguard Requirements; • IFC Performance Standards; • Environmental and Social Management Framework by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Department Project Categorization In accordance to the OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment, World Bank, with reference to the World Bank screening criteria, the Project fall under ‘Category B’. The social or environmental impacts are assessed as limited, few in number, site-specific, largely reversible, and readily addressed through mitigation measures. CURRENT BASELINE STATUS The following table provides a summary of the baseline in the study area Table 0.3 Summary of Current Baseline Status S. Category Description of Baseline 1. Location The site is located at a distance of 70 km East of Mandsaur town and lies Characteristics between the parallels of 24° 3'17.25"N to 24° 5'3.34"N latitude and between the meridians of 75°43'12.18"E to 75°47'41.85"E longitude. 2. Stud y Area Environmental and Social baseline: 2 km distance on both sides of Transmission line and 2 km corridor of Gujarkhedi pooling substation; Flora and fauna: 4 km distance on both sides of Transmission line and 4 km corridor of Gujarkhedi pooling substation. The study area for the Project is considered as per the ToR for the Project. ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-IV S. Category Description of Baseline 3. Land Use and • In general, the landuse of the study area is agricultural land and scrub Land Cover land; • Landuse of transmission towers is mostly agricultural land; • Area for transmission tower is 144 sqm; • Landuse of RoW of transmission line is mostly agricultural land; • Pooling substation has barren landuse. 4. Topography Substation: undulated topography; Transmission line: mix of plain and undulating topography. 5. Drainage • Study area has dendritic drainage pattern; • Transmission line passing through nallahs and canals; 6. Soil Characteristics Mostly deep medium black cotton soil 7. Ground Water Study area falls under as ‘over-exploited’ category in terms of groundwater usage, as per CGWA. 8. Ambient Air The ambient air quality parameters were within the prescribed CPCB Quality limits. 9. Ambient Noise The noise levels during day and night time were reported higher at some Quality locations than CPCB prescribed limits. 10. Biological • Habitats in the study area include agricultural land, homestead Environment plantation, open scrub, water bodies and open forest areas. • Two species of amphibians, nine species of reptiles, 56 species of birds and 13 species of mammals were recorded/reported from the study area during site visit • One Schedule I reptile, 6 birds and one mammals recorded from the study area • One endangered species viz. Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), and one vulnerable species viz. Sarus Crane (Antigone antigone) (as per IUCN ver. 2017-1) were recorded from the study area during the ERM primary survey for the current project • Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary and IBA Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary and Reservoir is located 36 km north west of the transmission line 11. Demographic The study area is comprised of five villages, Runija, Gujarkhedi, Bharpur, Profile Ghasoi and Masudi. Of these Gujarkhedi is an abandoned village and has no population. The study area is characterised by a total population of 9805 individuals in 2230 households. The average household size in the study area is 4.4 individuals per household. The study area has an average sex ratio of 924 females per thousand males, which is lower than that of the Mandsau District and the Madhya Pradesh State. 12. Social Stratification The study area is characterised by Scheduled Caste (SC) representation of approximately 27.30% and a negligible Scheduled Tribe (ST) population (0.01% of the total population). The dominant religion in the study area is Hinduism, with 90-100% of the households being reported as Hindus during the consultations. The main sub castes in the study area are Rajputs, Sondhiya Thakur, Balai, Brahmins, Sutar, Chamar, Bagri, Nayi and Harijans. 13. Gender Profile Consultations with women suggest that early marriage and child marriage, minimal participation of women in household or economic decision making, preference for male child, lesser economic freedom, etc., are entrenched in the social system. The women are primarily responsible for household chores and additionally take up income generating activities such as agricultural or construction labourers. However, they are perceived to be less efficient than their male counterparts and consequentially are paid lesser wages. The women lack direct access to bank accounts and their wages are collected and managed by their husbands. ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-V S. Category Description of Baseline 14. Education and The villages in AoI is have a literacy rate of 56.97 %, which is significantly Literacy lower than the literacy rates of the State and District, 69.32% and 71.8% respectively. Of this, the male literacy rate (68.97%) is higher than the female literacy rate (43.99%). 15. Land Ownership In terms of agricultural land holdings, study area has small land holdings, with all the villages having less than 2 ha per household. While most households are reported to have small land holdings (less than 1 Ha), some households (Rajput and other higher castes) are reported to have larger land holdings (10 Ha and more). 16. Livelihood Profile The study area is characterised by a Worker Participation Ratio (WPR) of 46.36%. Of the population, the male WPR is higher at 55.29%, while the female WPR is 34.90%. Of the main working population, majority (81%) are reported to be engaged in farm based activities, including those working as cultivators and agricultural labourers. Apart from this, 18% are engaged in ‘Other’ activities which comprise of non-farm based activities including construction labourers, small businesses and service sector etc. The farm based activities in the villages within study area comprise of agriculture, agricultural labour and livestock rearing. The non-farm based livelihoods in the study area primarily comprise of casual labour involved in construction activities in nearby villages and in urban centres of Shamgarh and Suwasara. These livelihoods act as a supplementary source of income to the families in the area, with the households relying on this income to buffer against the fluctuations in income from agriculture and to provide sustenance during the non- cultivation periods (summer). 17. Water Supply and The villages in study area were noticed to have poor sanitation facilities Sanitation with open drains and varying water availability. According to census of India 2011 data & consultation with the community, the main sources of water were uncovered wells, hand pumps and tube wells or bore wells. However, majority of households have recently installed piped water. 18. Health facilities The population is primarily dependent upon the health facilities in the and Health Seeking urban centres of Shamgarh and Suwasara for any serious illness or Behaviour specialized medical advice POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS Table 0.4 Summary of Impacts Category Brief Description Impact Impact Significance Significance (without (post- mitigation mitigation) measures) Planning and Construction Phase Landuse and • Permanent change in land use at Tower locations and Negligible Not Landcover pooling substation; assessed. • The total land for the project (for substation, tower base Change in and RoW of transmission line) is 40.32 hectares of which Land use 7.42 hectares land (~18.4% of total project area) had already permanent change in landuse. happened. • Limited change in landuse of the RoW of Transmission line in form of restrictions on activities such as growing of large trees. Soil • Removal of top soil at tower foundations lead to loss of Minor negligible. environment good quality soil; ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-VI Category Brief Description Impact Impact Significance Significance (without (post- mitigation mitigation) measures) • The land area disturbed during foundation activities totals to about 9.5 ha (7 ha for pooling substation and ~2.5 ha for transmission towers, including 0.42 Ha for tower base and 2.08 Ha disturbed during construction). Besides this about 0.5 ha of agricultural land was also compacted due to vehicular movement. • Generation of construction debris; • Impact on soil and land environment due to improper management of domestic solid waste generated; • Improper storage and handling of hazardous materials (e.g., fuel and lubricant); • Waste generated from operation of construction equipment and machinery and their maintenance leading to soil contamination due to leaks/ spillage; • Generation of hazardous waste during operation of substation. Water • Stress on local water resources due to water requirement Moderate Minor resources and for the foundation activities, labour camp; quality • Abstraction of ground water at substation without NOC from CGWA • Surface water contamination due to improper disposal of sewage at labour camp; • Impact on surface water quality due to runoff from storage area for transmission line during monsoon. • Soil erosion and sediment transport to Nallah and seasonal drainages at tower locations. Drainage • The natural drainage pattern at substation had changed Negligible Not due to site levelling. assessed, change in drainage pattern already happened. Ambient air • Dust emissions due to movement of machinery and Negligible No change quality vehicles; in impact • Fugitive dust emissions due to site clearance activities, significance excavation and back filling activities etc.; rating for • Emissions from diesel generator (5KVA mobile DG set for remaining transmission line; 25 KVA and 250 KVA DG set for construction substation) activities. Ambient noise • Noise generation due to movement of vehicles and heavy Negligible No change quality earth moving machineries; in impact • Noise from rock drilling and breaking at select tower significance locations; rating for • Generation of noise during operation of DG Set. remaining construction activities Occupational • Occupational health hazards due to dust and noise Minor to Minor health and pollution; Moderate safety • Exposure to noise during drilling and breaking; • Slip and trip hazards during monsoon season; • The area experiences extreme winter and summer condition. Working during very high and low temperature could cause health hazards; ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-VII Category Brief Description Impact Impact Significance Significance (without (post- mitigation mitigation) measures) • Safety risk due to wrong handling of construction machinery, working at height, during stringing and tower erection; Flora and • Impact of vegetation clearance had already happened at Minor Minor fauna- the tower footing during foundation activities. During vegetation site visit, vegetation clearance was observed between Clearance 4/13 & 4/14 and 4/14 & 4/15. Apart from that vegetation clearance impact were also observed for transmission line stretches between 4/5 & 4/6, and 4/15 & 4/16. Flora and • Excavation for foundations for transmission towers and Minor Minor fauna- ancillary facilities had direct impact on burrowing fauna, Construction mammalian fauna and an indirect impact on flora/fauna activities through the changing of soil properties. • Anthropogenic movement, noise had resulted/will result in increased stress placed on fauna in the area Impact on The RoW for the tower base area has resulted in an impact on Minor Negligible Private Land 0.42 Ha. Of this, 0.35 Ha is on private land owned by 27 land owners in owners from the villages Runija and Ghasoi. This impact on Tower Base land has not resulted in the physical displacement (loss of Area and residential structure) for any private land owner. However, below the project activities did result in crop loss due to the conductors following activities: during Stringing • On the RoW identified for the tower and its immediate Exercise vicinity, due to foundation and erection activities including creation of access roads to tower location, soil excavation and movement of equipment and personnel; and • On the RoW identified for the transmission line route due to stringing activities. As can be seen from the following table, the construction activities of the tower base (including foundation, erection and access road) is understood to impact on an average 5.32% of the of the total land holding of the land owner. Amongst the 27, 23 land owners (information for one land owner was not available) have reported an impact on less than 10% of their land holding and have more than 1 hectare of land remaining untouched. The compensation payment to all 27 land owners for excavation and tower erection has been paid by May 2017. This compensation has been paid in keeping with the electricity act, 2003 & the compensation for the crop is paid according to MP & Chhattisgarh Land revenue code, 1959. Impact on The land in the 24 m RoW for the entire length of the Minor Negligible private land transmission line is comprised of 32.91 Ha of land. Of this, owners within 20.55 Ha is agricultural land. There was no tree RoW due to cutting/trimming or loss of structure along the RoW. imposition of However, the restrictions on land use along the transmission land use line route for maintaining a safe clearance distance of 7 m restrictions from the transmission wires is likely to cause diminution of land value. Impact on The land procurement for the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park Moderate Minor patta land has resulted in an impact on 8 ha of land which was allotted to ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-VIII Category Brief Description Impact Impact Significance Significance (without (post- mitigation mitigation) measures) owners due to 9 patta holders. The establishment of the Neemuch-Mandsaur land loss for Solar park will thus result in the loss of land for these 9 patta Neemuch- holders. As stated in the allotment letter, the Gram Panchayats Mandsaur of Runija and Gujarkhedi had requested the exclusion of these Solar park and patta lands from the land being allotted to the project. In Pooling keeping with this, the land allotment letter excluded these Substation parcels from the allotted land. However, it was reported by the Suwasra tehsil officer that the 6 patta holders of Gujarkhedi have not taken the possession of land since 2002 due to local community resistance. In keeping with this, the process for reversing the patta allocation was initiated and is presently under process. Of the 3 patta holders from Runija, two have reportedly given their consent for the transfer of the land to the project, in lieu of adequate compensation. No compensation has been paid thus far to these 9 patta holders The pooling substation at Gujarkhedi, is comprised of 7 ha of government land and has been acquired as part of the land for the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park. There were no claims or usage of the land. The land take has thus not resulted in any economic or physical displacement of the local community. Impact on The common property resources in the area comprise of Moderate Minor local government land (pasture land and uncultivable waste land) community used for grazing purposes. The pooling substation and due to loss of Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park, being developed on grazing land government land, will result in the loss of 27.36% (568.63 Ha for Sub-station of 2077.9 Ha) of the total grazing land available to the local and Neemuch- community in the villages in the AoI. While the pre-project Mandsaur scenario, the dependence of livestock of grazing land was Solar park approx. 31.21 livestock heads to one hectare, this will increase slightly to 31.64 livestock heads to one hectare in the post project scenario. The transmission line RoW will not result in impacts on common property resources. Impacts Due to The peak man power requirement for the construction phase Minor Negligible Labour Influx of the project is 150-200 workers, including unskilled, semi- skilled and skilled workers. At present there are 82 contractual workers engaged in the project. The unskilled labourers employed were recruited from the local villages itself, while the semi-skilled and skilled labourers are reported to be migrant workers (25 in number). This influx of labour in the study area may have the following impacts on the local community: • Risk of conflict and social unrest due to cultural differences between the labourers and local community; • Risk of spread of communicable diseases due to interaction of the labourers and local community; • Risk of increase in prostitution and violence against women; • Risk of increased pressure on local resources due to an increase, especially basic provisions, water, cooking fuel etc.; • Risk of increase in diseases due to improper waste management and sanitation facilities for labour camp; ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-IX Category Brief Description Impact Impact Significance Significance (without (post- mitigation mitigation) measures) • Increase in economic opportunity for local retailers and shop owners through the purchase of provisions by labourers While the number of labourers is very small in comparison to the local community (0.25%), these impacts could have been heightened due to the proximity of the labour camps to the villages. However, from the discussion with the local community it is understood that there have been no instances of conflict or unrest due to the presence of the labourers in the vicinity of the villages. This is primarily understood to be resultant from the labourers respecting the culture and traditions of the local community and serving as a source of economic opportunities for the small business owners in the villages. However, the labourers do resort to open defecation due to a lack of proper sanitation facilities. Impact on The risk to the health and safety of the local community from Minor Negligible Community the construction phase activities is expected to result from the Health and following: Safety • Waste generation from labour camp and construction activities • Dust and Noise emissions • Accidental spillage of hazardous waste and oils; • Accidents and injuries due to traffic and resource movement and movement of local community in vicinity of construction sites; • Health and Safety impacts from labour influx Impact on The construction phase of the project resulted in the creation Positive Positive Economy and of employment and economic opportunities for the local Employment community. These economic opportunities comprised of the in the Study following: Area • Contractual employment of the local community as labourers in the project; • Contracting opportunities for locals possessing tractors hired by the project; • Creation of indirect opportunities for the local shop keepers and retail sellers due to the presence of migrant workers in the area, around the substation area; Operations Phase Soil Generation of hazardous waste at substation; Negligible Negligible Environment Potential soil contamination due to leakages and spillages. Noise Quality • Maintenance and repair activities; Negligible Negligible • ‘Corona discharge’ from the overhead lines; Visual Impacts • Presence of substation and related structures in rural Negligible Negligible setup; • Presence of transmission towers in the agricultural fields; • The landscape of area is already changed due to establishment of Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park. Electro- • The power evacuation through the transmission line There are no specific magnetic fields during operation phase will result in development of standards or guidance on electromagnetic fields. There have been some concerns EMF in India however the about possible health risk from exposure to Indian Electricity Act and ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-X Category Brief Description Impact Impact Significance Significance (without (post- mitigation mitigation) measures) electromagnetic radiation from overhead transmission Rules clearly stipulate the line. People working in the vicinity of transmission line minimum clearances are potentially prone to exposure to EMF. required. As per ICNIRP standards, the EMF generated by 220KV line is lesser than the suggested value. Health and • There is a possibility of lines or towers/ tower falling to Minor Minor safety the ground, during the operational phase, contact with the transmission line can result in electrocution; • Ignorant people trying to tap electricity from high tension wire can lead to fatal accidents; • At substation location, risks associated with transformer blast, electrical hazards are predicted. Flora and • Collision of birds can happen with transmission line due Minor Minor fauna- to specific behaviours like courtship displays, aerial Collision and hunting and during flights between roosting and feeding Electrical areas in proximity to power lines hazards for • Collision and electrocution hazard may happen at the avifaunal entire stretch of the transmission line however, particular species vulnerable stretches are viz. Towers AP-1 - 4/7, 4/15-AP- 6, 4/6 -4/7 and 4/14- 4/15 Flora and Macaques and langurs may get electrocuted at the substation Negligible Negligible fauna- areas while jumping over high voltage equipment Electrical hazards for mammalian species Impacts of the regular maintenance activities during the operations Minor Negligible economic loss phase, may result in crop loss and tree loss due to the due to damage following: to standing crops during • Crop loss due to movement of personnel and machinery Maintenance for maintenance activities; work • Trimming of trees and vegetation within 7 m height in the RoW. The compensation for the impacts of crop loss will be paid in keeping with the electricity act, 2003 and the MP & Chhattisgarh Land revenue code, 1959. The assessment of loss will be done in the presence of the land owners. As there is a restriction on growing tall trees in the RoW, these losses are not compensated. Impact on The impacts on community health and safety during the Minor Negligible Community operations phase are likely to result from: Health and Safety • Movement of traffic and machinery for maintenance; • Tower falling; • Wire snapping; • Exposure to herbicide/pesticides used for maintenance of RoW; • EMF generation and electromagnetic interference; • Electrocution ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-XI ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Analysis of alternatives is carried out for complete route (Phase I and Phase II) due to the reason, the transmission line route is finalized for complete stretch (i.e. from Gujarkhedi pooling substation to Sitamau Grid substation), For selection of final route, following points were taken into consideration: • TL route does not involve any human settlement; • TL route does not affect/ minimum affect any archaeological/ cultural monument; • Avoid forest area; • TL route avoiding passing through any protected area such as National Park/ Wild life Sanctuary; • TL route avoid disturbance to public utility services such as school, playground, bus depots etc.; The selected route does not involve any settlements in RoW and also percentage of agricultural land is lowest as compared to other alternative routes. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE The following key stakeholder groups were identified and analysed according to their level of influence and impact Table 0.5 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis Stakeholder Group Level of Impact Level of Influence of of project Stakeholder Group Project Affected Land Owners of both the High High Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park and transmission line Local Community Medium low Vulnerable community Medium/High Low Opinion holders & Community Leaders Low Medium Local Gram Panchayats Medium Medium/High Regulatory Authority Low High State Administration Low High District Administration Low High Contractors and sub-contractors High High Contractual Workers High High As part of the ESIA for the project, the following consultations were undertaken. Table 0.6 Consultations undertaken for the Project Date Stakeholder Details 11th April Discussion with Land owner of Transmission Line 12th April Discussion with local community at Suwasara 12th April Discussion with local community at Ghasoi 13th April Discussion with Patwari of Suwasara Tehsil ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-XII Date Stakeholder Details 13th April Discussion with Tehsildar of Suwasra 13th April Discussion with women group at Runija As part of these consultations an attempt was made to develop an understanding of the stakeholder group’s key concerns and expectations from the project, the stakeholder group’s perception of the project and to triangulate the secondary information available on the area. Some of the key issues discussed as part of these discussions is as follow: • Preference to local community in development activities • Loss of grazing land • Conflict with migrant workers ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The ESMP identifies potential impacts from the planned activities and outlines mitigation measures required to reduce the likely negative effects on the physical, biological and social environment.This is in accordance to World Bank Safeguard policies (Op 4.01, Annex C- Environmental Management Plan) and draft Environmental and Social Management Framework, February, 2017. The mitigation measures and management plan are provided only for the pending construction activities and operation phase. The ESMP also provides institutional arrangements for implementation and monitoring of ESMP. A designated Environmental and social officer shall be appointed for the project and he shall be responsible for implementation of ESMP at site, its monitoring and reporting to World Bank. An indicative budget for O&M ESMP is also given. GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM As part of the ESMP for the project, a Stakeholder Engagement Plan and Grievance Redressal Mechanism has been formulated, and is presented in Annex E. RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) In keeping with the requirements of the applicable reference framework, a RAP has been prepared for the entire length of transmission line and is a part of the Phase II ESIA Report of the project. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION The project is assessed to generate environmental and social impacts owing to land access and the spread of transmission corridor. Issues pertaining to ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-XIII compensation for hindrances to use of land and crop, health concerns due to erection of transmission line are considered to be important. The ongoing construction activities had changed the baseline conditions to some extent. Mitigation measures for potential impacts on Air, Land, Noise, Traffic, Ecology, and Socio-economics have been specified through proper follow up of best practice of • Compensation, public disclosure, grievance management and compensation; • Application of standards for Health and Safety for tower erection and stringing activities; • Clearances and permits required for each sub activity ERM RUMSL:REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 ES-XIV 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited (herein after referred as ‘RUMSL”) is developing a 250 MW Solar Park (Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park), in Mandsaur District, Madhya Pradesh. For the purpose of evacuation of the power generated, a transmission system, comprising of one pooling substation, one grid substation and a 55 km transmission line being developed by RUMSL which passes through 31 villages in the tehsil of Suwasara and Sitamau in District Mandsaur of Madhya Pradesh. The project will be developed under two phases: • Phase I: Transmission Line of about 8.831 km length from Gujarkhedi pooling substation to temporary tapping point on existing Bhanpura- Badod 220 KV DC Transmission Line and 220 KV Gujarkhedi Pooling substation; • Phase II: Transmission Line of about 46.169 km length from temporary tapping point to Sitamau MPPTCL Grid Substation and 440 KV Sitamau Grid Substation. The World Bank has agreed to provide financial support for the internal evacuation and associated transmission lines of the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park and two bays at Sitamau Grid Substation. As part of its investment requirements, World Bank requires an environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) to be undertaken for the internal evacuation and associated transmission line for the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park. Box 1.1 Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park The Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park is being developed as part of the Phase –II of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM). The Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park has been developed as 5 sub projects of 50 MW each. For the purpose of developing the park, contracts have been awarded to four Developers. as given below: • LANCO: 100 MW (2 x 50 MW) • Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL): 50 MW • Tata Power Solar: 50 MW • Vikram Solar: 50 MW Each of these subprojects has an 11/33 KV substation. The power from these individual sub- stations is pooled at Gurjarkhedi. Source: RUMSL ERM India Private Limited (ERM) has been commissioned by RUMSL to undertake ESIA for the transmission line and substations. A RAP is prepared for the entire length of transmission line and is as part of the Phase II ESIA Report f the project. As part of the study, ERM conducted a scoping visit to the site in March, 2017 and an inception report including scoping for ESIA study was submitted to ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 1 RUMSL. Based on the scoping, the ESIA study was carried out for the Phase I. This report discusses the environment and social impacts of the Phase-I of the transmission line project. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT It is to be noted that the Transmission Line Projects in India do not require an Environmental Clearance under the EIA Notification, 2006. World Bank requires an environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) to be undertaken for the internal evacuation and associated transmission lines for the Neemuch- Mandsaur Solar park which are covered under its investment. During site visit, it was observed that planning of Phase I (Transmission line from Gujarkhedi pooling substation to temporary tapping point and pooling Sub-station) was completed and construction activities had started on site. Whereas Phase II of the project, (i.e. transmission line from temporary tapping point to Sitamau substation) was under planning stage and land acquisition was under progress. Hence, after discussion with RUMSL and World Bank, it was agreed to conduct ESIA study separately for Phase I and Phase II. The present report discusses the project description, applicable regulatory framework, environmental and social baseline, scoping, stakeholder mapping for the Phase-I of the project i.e. transmission line of about 8.831 km length from Gujarkhedi pooling substation to temporary tapping point on existing Bhanpura-Badod 220 KV DC Transmission Line (hereafter referred to as ‘the project’) and assesses the potential adverse and beneficial impacts that the project could have, along with suitable mitigation measures and an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the project. 1.3 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT This section provides an overview of the Transmission Line (Phase-I), status of its implementation at the time of ESIA. It also provides a brief description of the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park, which is an associated project component upstream to this transmission line. 1.3.1 Transmission Line Phase-I: Gurjarkhedi Pooling Substation to Tapping Point on existing Bhanpura-Badod 220 KV DC Transmission Line As mentioned in Section 1.1, the complete transmission line will be erected in two phases. The details of the project components to be developed as part of Phase I of the project are provided in Error! Reference source not found. below. Table 1.1 Project Components- Phase I S. No. Project Component Transmission Line 1. Phase 1: 220 KV Double Circuit and Double Strung (DCDS) line from Gujarkhedi Pooling substation to temporary tapping point of 8.831 km length ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 1 S. No. Project Component Pooling Substation 2. 33/220 KV Pooling Substation at Gujarkhedi, Suwasara Source: RUMSL RUMSL has signed a Project Management Contract (PMC) with Madhya Pradesh Power Transmission Company Limited (MPPTCL) to oversee the development of power evacuation infrastructure for the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park. A detailed description of the project is provided in Section-2 of this report. 1.3.2 Construction Status of Project during ESIA During the ESIA assessment, it was observed that Phase I activities were at advanced construction stage. The status of project during assessment is given below in Table 1.2. Table 1.2 Status of Phase-I Implementation at the time of ESIA S. Project Component No. Transmission Line (Phase 1): 220 KV Double Circuit and Double Strung (DCDS) line from Pooling substation at Gujarkhedi to temporary tapping point of 8.831 km length 1. Foundation for all 29 tower locations was completed 2. Erection of 17 towers was completed Substation: 33/220 KV Pooling Substation at Gujarkhedi, Suwasara 1. Site levelling was completed 2. Construction of bays under progress 3. Construction of control room under progress Source: RUMSL and Site Visit 1.4 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF ESIA The overall objective of this report is to assist RUMSL in carrying out environment and social impact assessment (ESIA) for the project, in keeping with the World Bank Safeguard Policies and Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) as disclosed on MNRE’s website. The general scope of the ESIA includes the following: • Identification and review of the applicable local, state, national and international environmental and social legislation and regulatory framework; • Collection of baseline information for physical, biological and human environment through primary and secondary information; • Stakeholder analysis (key expectations, impacts, issues as related to each stakeholder) and public consultations; • Socio-economic survey of 24 identified landowners of transmission line; • Assessment of positive and negative social and environmental impacts/risks likely to occur for different sub-groups or beneficiaries as a ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 1 result of project interventions, and suggest measures to avoid/ minimize/ mitigate negative impacts and derive the maximum from positive impacts; • Formulation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) in accordance to WB safeguard policies; • Institutional arrangements- document the existing institutional and implementation arrangements, covering all key entities- government departments, sector institutions, political bodies, etc. The institutional arrangement to cover role and responsibility of various players at project, district and state level. Grievance redress mechanism, monitoring and evaluation plan including indicators, capacity building requirements to manage E&S issues, implementation schedule and budget. It should be noted that Phase I of the project was under advance construction during ESIA study and was expected to be commissioned by May 2017. Hence, this ESIA for Phase-I analyses the design and construction stage impacts retrospectively and mitigation measures were proposed for the remaining project activities only. During the period of finalization of ESIA report, the transmission line was commissioned and charged (in end of May, 2017). 1.5 APPROACH AND KEY TASKS FOR THIS ESIA STUDY ERM adopted following approach for the ESIA study which is further elaborated in Section 5.2: ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 1 The following tasks were carried out by ERM for this study: Table 1.3 Key tasks under this ESIA study S. Task Details No. 1. Kick off meeting and Prior to the mobilization of the team for the scoping visit, document request ERM shared a request for information with RUMSL. A two member ERM team comprised of environmental and social expert had a kick off meeting with the project representatives from RUMSL, MPPTCL and NTPC on 28th March 2017. 2. Site Reconnaissance ERM team undertook a site reconnaissance visit on 29th and 30th March 2017. Based on the site reconnaissance, scoping exercise for the ESIA study was carried out. 3. Site Visit and ERM team comprised of environment, ecology and social Consultations expert conducted the site- survey for the project from 10th to 14th April, 2017. During site visit, household survey of PAFs of Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park and transmission line, survey of flora and fauna, discussion with forest department officials, patwari of Gujarkhedi, Suwasara & Tehsil officer of Suwasara was carried out. Details of stakeholder consultations are given in Section 7 of ESIA report. 4. Baseline data collection Collection of site related primary and secondary information 5. Impact Assessment Impact assessment has been carried out for the project and mitigation measures were proposed. 6. Analysis of Alternatives During the site assessment, phase I construction was at an advance stage (see Table 1.2). Hence, analysis of alternative is based by documenting the inputs from the design team on parameters adopted for route selection. (see Section-6 for details). 7. Preparation of The ESMP prepared has incorporated measures and Environmental and procedures for environmental and social mitigation measures Social Management Plan for all significant project impacts. As construction of some components of the project was complete and others were in advance stage, a range of impacts linked to construction activities had already manifested. Hence, the management plan prepared for construction stage covers the residual impacts which can be mitigated. The management plan for operation stage covers all potential impacts. 8. Institutional The existing institutional arrangements for the project; arrangements covering all key entities and the organization structure recommended in ESMF for the Solar Park (Feb 2017) was taken into consideration while determining the implementation mechanism and roles and responsibilities. (see Section-9 for details) ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 1 1.6 LIMITATIONS This ESIA report is based on scientific principles and professional judgment applied to facts with subjective interpretations. Professional judgments expressed herein are based on the facts currently available within the limits of the scope of work, information provided by the client or its representatives and available secondary data. The ESIA report was therefore prepared with some limitations that are highlighted in the following paragraph. • The observations are based on the field activities implemented during the field visit and stakeholder feedback; • Phase I of the project was under construction during ESIA study. Hence, the impacts are assessed retrospectively for completed construction works, and prospectively for pending construction activities (erection of a few towers, stringing, and erection of equipment’s at pooling substation) and operation phase activities.; • The environment and social mitigation measures implemented during the completed construction work is based on information provided by EPC contractor and RUMS site officers. Unless and otherwise ERM noticed some visible signs of non-compliance, it is assumed that EPC contractor has followed the E&S measures which are standard practices in construction industry; • The land procurement for transmission line footings were carried out prior to this ESIA study. Hence, assessment of the land procurement for the project is based on consultation with the RUMSL representative and private land holders impacted by transmission tower base only. The pre- project baseline information on these PAFs were not available. Hence, the baseline defined in this report will serve as a proxy and becomes reference point for all future evaluation; • The applicability of the Guidelines on Compensation for Transmission Line RoW by Ministry of Power, Government of India to non-Power Grid transmission projects was not clear, as a decision on the same was not made by the Government of Madhya Pradesh. Hence, impacts on all private land owners within the RoW of the transmission line was decided to be carried out along with Phase-II ESIA study; • To ensure E&S compliance of the on-going construction work by EPC contractor, a construction stage ESMP was prepared. This ESMP is based on a rapid assessment of the E&S practice of the EPC contractor on-site. 1.6.1 Uses of this Report ERM is not engaged in social and environmental, health & safety consulting and reporting for the purposes of advertising, sales promotion, or endorsement of any client's interests, including raising investment capital or recommending investment decisions, or other publicity purposes. Client acknowledges that the report prepared by ERM are for exclusive use of Client and agrees that ERM's reports or correspondence will not be used or reproduced in full or in part for such promotional purposes, and may not be used or relied upon in any prospectus or offering circular. Client also agrees ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 1 that none of its advertising, sales promotion, or other publicity matter containing any information obtained from these assessments or reports, either in parts or entirety, will make reference to ERM's trade name. Nothing contained in this report shall be construed as a warranty or affirmation by ERM that the site and property described in the report are suitable collateral for any loan or that acquisition of such property by any lender through foreclosure proceedings or otherwise will not expose the lender to potential environmental or social liability. 1.7 REPORT STRUCTURE The structure of this ESIA report is as given in Table 1.4. Table 1.4 Structure of the report Section Title Description Executive Summary Section 1 Introduction (this section) Introduction to the project and ESIA methodology Section 2 Project Description Technical description of the project & related infrastructure and activities Section 3 Policy, Legal and Discussion of the applicable environmental and Institutional Framework social regulatory framework and its relevance for the project. Section 4 Environmental and Social An outline of the Environmental, Social and flora Baseline Status & fauna baseline status in the area of the project. Section 5 Environmental and Social This section includes details of identified Impacts environmental impacts and associated risks due to project activities, assessment of significance of impacts and presents mitigation measures for minimizing and /or offsetting adverse impacts identified. Section 6 Analysis of Alternatives This section outline the analysis of alternatives carried out for the project. Section 7 Stakeholder Identification, Identification and engagement with the key Information disclosure, stakeholders, in order to assess the impact of the Consultation and project on them and their influence on the Participation project. Section 8 Environmental and Social Outline of the Environmental and Social Management Plan Management Plan (ESMP) taking into account identified impacts and planned mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. This section also includes details of institutional arrangements for the project, monitoring and reporting indicators for performance of ESMP and budgetary allocation. Section 9 Recommendation and This section provides conclusion of ESIA Conclusion Annexures Annex A Methodology followed for ESIA Annex B Map showing RoW of Transmission line Annex C Flora and Fauna of the Study Area Annex D Summary of cumulative ecological impacts of transmission line Annex E Stakeholder Engagement Plan and Grievance Redressal Mechanism Annex F ESMP Monitoring checklist for construction and Operation Phase ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 1 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION This section provides an overview of the Phase I project in terms of location, associated infrastructure, equipment required and activities performed during the construction, operation and decommissioning stages of the project. 2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT SITE The Transmission Line corridor is located in the Tehsil of Suwasara in the District Mandsaur of State of Madhya Pradesh. A brief description of the project is given in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 Brief Description of Project S. No. Particulars Description 1. Project Village • Transmission line: Ghasoi, Runija, Bharai, & Gujarkhedi; location • Gujarkhedi pooling substation: Gujarkhedi 2. Tehsil Suwasara 3. District Name/State Mandsaur Madhya Pradesh 4. Location Coordinates The project footprint lies between 24°3'17.25"N to 24° 5'3.34"N latitude and 75°43'12.18"E to 75°47'41.85"E longitude 5. Capacity • Transmission line: 220 KV Double Circuit and Double Strung (DCDS) line; • Gujarkhedi pooling substation: 33/220 KV pooling substation 6. Power Evacuation The transmission line will evacuate power from Neemuch- Mandsaur Solar park through Sitamau Grid Substation. As an interim arrangement, tapping point at existing Bhanpura- Badod 220 KV DC Transmission Line is provided for power evacuation in Phase I 7. Climatic zone Subtropical Humid 8. Average Elevation Between 374 asml to 500 asml 9. Site Conditions • Mostly (24 out of 29 Towers) flat agricultural land in the foot print of transmission towers along the transmission line; • Gujarkhedi pooling substation had undulating topography. As part of site development, site levelling had done at substation. 10. Road Accessibility Site could be accessed through Mandsaur Suwasara road which connects to village roads of Ghasoi and Runija villages 11. Roads crossing RoW National Highway: Nil of Transmission Line State Highway: Nil Village Roads/ cart track: 14 12. Nearest Airport Bhopal Airport: ~180 km aerial distance in ESE direction; Indore Airport: ~ 150 km aerial distance in South direction. 13. Nearest Railway Suwasara Railway Station: ~7.5 km aerial distance from station temporary tapping station in WNW direction. 14. Railway crossing Nil RoW of Transmission Line 15. River/canal/nallah/ Canal: 2; pond crossing RoW Nallah: 12; of Transmission Line Pond/ Water body: Nil ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 1 S. No. Particulars Description 16. Number of Power 220 KV TL: 1 location line (66 KV and above) crossing RoW of Transmission Line 17. Protected areas Nil (National Park/ Sanctuary)/ Forest land 18. Land Availability • Transmission line: o Tower Base Area: 0.42 ha (29 Towers with 144 sqm Base area each, including both government and private land parcels) o Transmission Corridor (32.91ha considering 24m RoW width Transmission Corridor); o Access Road: The project has primarily used the existing roads in the area (as discussed in Section 2). In addition to this, temporary access routes of 0.65 Ha were used for the construction phase. Gujarkhedi pooling substation: Approximately 7 ha 19. Water Requirement Construction Phase: • Transmission line: 1450 m3 (for foundation and curing); • Gujarkhedi pooling substation: 3 m3/day Operation Phase Gujarkhedi pooling substation: ~2 m3/day 20. Source of Water Construction Phase • Transmission line: from tankers • Gujarkhedi pooling substation: Borewell on site Operation Phase: Borewell at substation 21. DG sets Transmission line: mobile DG set (5 KVA); Gujarkhedi pooling substation: 25 KVA and 200 KVA 22. Soil Characteristics Deep medium black soil 23. Seismic Zone Seismic Zone II – Low Damage Risk Zone. This is indicative of a MSK VI or less. 24. Flood prone zone The Project area does not fall under a flood prone zone 25. Wind zone The Project area falls in a High Damage Risk Zone (Vb = 47 m/s) Source: RUMSL and site visit The Project location map on Survey of India map with environmental and social features is shown in ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 1 Figure 2.1. The observations made along the transmission line route during site visit are provided in Figure 2.2. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 1 Figure 2.1 Survey of India Toposheet showing transmission line- Phase 1 and Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park ERM RUMSL: FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 2 Figure 2.2 Selected Photos along the Transmission Line route observed during site visit ERM RUMSL: FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 3 2.2 PROFILE OF THE PROJECT ROUTE The details of the project components developed as Phase-I of the project are provided in Table 2.2 Error! Reference source not found. below. Table 2.2 Project Components for the Phase-1 of the project S. Particulars Details No. Transmission Line (Phase 1): 220 KV Double Circuit and Double Strung (DCDS) line from Pooling Station at Gujarkhedi to temporary tapping point 1. Length of TL route 8.831 km 2. No. of Transmission Towers 29 nos. 3. Circuit type Double Circuit and Double Strung (DCDS) 4. Type of conductor ACSR Zebra 5. Type of tower 220 KV B-Series Tower and Multi Circuit MC- Series Towers 6. Insulator used Polymer string Insulators 7. No. of Angle Points (AP) 6 8. Span Minimum: 44 m, Maximum: 370 m 9. Ground coverage area Average 144 sqm considered for tower 10. Height of tower B Series: B0 type tower: 34.110 m; B30 type tower: 35.380 m B 60 type tower: 36.220 m; (extension as required from 3m to 10 m) Multi Circuit (MC) Series: MC0 type tower: 50.4 m; MC30 type tower: 49.74 m; MC60 type tower: 49.755 m; (extension of 3m, 6 m and 10 m) 11. Design of tower B series and MC series towers 12. RoW of transmission line 24 m 13. Tower Accessories Danger plates, number plates, phase plates, circuit plates, anti-climbing plates etc. 14. Minimum ground clearance 7m 15. Access Road During the construction phase, the project has primarily been dependent upon the existing roads in the study area. In addition to this, access over 0.65 Ha was sought through agricultural lands for equipment and personnel movement. Similar requirements for access are envisaged in the operations phase as well. The map showing road network in area is provided as f Substation: 33/220 KV Pooling Substation at Gujarkhedi, Suwasara 1. Land Area Approximate 7 hectares 2. Transformer capacity 3 x 100 MVA Power Transformer 3. Type of conductor ACSR Zebra and IPS Tube and ACSR Moose 4. 220 KV Bays 7 Bays (2- Line Bay; 3 X-mer Bay; 1- Bus Coupler; 1- Bus Tie) 5. 33 KV Bays 17 Bays (10- Line Bay; 2 –Bus Sectionalizes; 3 X-mer Bay; 2- Bus Coupler) 6. Ancillary facilities Control room (type II) including store room, carrier room, battery room, filter room, AC/DC room, A.E.S room, pantry and two toilet blocks Source: RUMSL ERM RUMSL: FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 4 The profiling of transmission towers is provided in Table 2.3Error! Reference source not found.. ERM RUMSL: FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 5 Table 2.3 Profiling of Transmission Line Towers S. No. Tower No. Geographical Current Landuse and Land Current Landuse of Nearest Nearest Environmental Nearest Access road Coordinates Ownership of Tower Base Transmission Corridor Settlement/ Sensitivity within 100 m (Distance in m and (24m RoW Between Cultural Heritage (water body/ streams/ Type) Towers) within 100 m forest) 1. Gantry 24o05’03.09”N Government barren land Non agricultural land Nil Nil Adjacent; SP road (pooling 75o47’41.59”E substation) 2. AP1 24o05’03.34”N Government barren land Non agricultural land Nil Nil 250 m; SP road 75o47’41.85”E 3. AP2 24o04’53.92”N Government barren land Non agricultural land Nil Canal; ~ 80m; North 500 m; SP road 75o47’36.76”E direction 4. AP3 24o04’54.53”N Agricultural land Agricultural and Non Nil Canal; ~100m; SSE 390 m; SP road 75o47’25.05”E agricultural land direction 5. 3/1 24o04’56.28:N Agricultural land Agricultural and Non Nil Nil 118 m; village road 75o47’14.56”E agricultural land 6. 3/2 24o04’57.97”N Agricultural land Agricultural and Non Nil Nil 50 m; village road 75o47’04.45”E agricultural land 7. AP4 24o04’59.68”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nallah; ~60 m; WSW 170 m; village road 75o46’54.17”E direction 8. 4/1 24o04’54.60”N Agricultural land Agricultural and Non Nil Nil 280 m; village road 75o46’43.62”E agricultural land 9. 4/2 24o04’49.55”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nil 225 m; cart track 75o46’33.12”E 10. 4/3 24o04’44.42”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nallah; ~70 m; WNW 100 m; cart track 75o46’22.45”E direction 11. 4/4 24o04’39.29”N Agricultural land Agricultural and Non Nil Nil 250 m; cart track 75o46’11.78”E agricultural land 12. 4/5 24o04’34.23”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nallah; ~45 m; North 60 m; cart track 75o46’01.28”E direction 13. 4/6 24o04’29.48”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nallah; ~40 m; West 250 m; cart track 75o45’51.40”E direction 14. 4/7 24o04’23.89”N Agricultural land Agricultural and Non Nil Nil 500 m; cart track 75o45’39.79”E agricultural land 15. 4/8 24o04’18.81”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nallah; ~60 m; South 500 m; village road 75o45’18.62”E direction 16. 4/9 24o04’13.71”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nallah; ~72 m; North 450 m; village road 75o45’18.62”E direction ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 6 S. No. Tower No. Geographical Current Landuse and Land Current Landuse of Nearest Nearest Environmental Nearest Access road Coordinates Ownership of Tower Base Transmission Corridor Settlement/ Sensitivity within 100 m (Distance in m and (24m RoW Between Cultural Heritage (water body/ streams/ Type) Towers) within 100 m forest) 17. 4/10 24o04’08.58”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nil 140 m; village road 75o45’07.95”E 18. 4/11 24o04’03.67”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nil 180 m; village road 75o44’57.76”E 19. 4/12 24o03’58.69”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nil 50 m; cart track 75o44’47.41”E 20. 4/13 24o03’54.61”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nil 70 m; cart track 75o44’38.94”E 21. 4/14 24o03’49.48”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nil 160 m; cart track 75o44’28.28”E 22. 4/15 24o03’44.35”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nallah; ~95 m; WSW 130 m; village road 75o44’17.62”E direction 23. 4/16 24o03’39.14”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nallah; ~95 m; WSW 90 m; village road 75o44’06.80”E direction 24. 4/17 24o03’34.08”N Agricultural land Agricultural land Nil Nil 100 m; village road 75o43’56.29”E 25. AP5 24o03’28.80”N Agricultural land Agricultural and Non Nil Nil 30m; village road 75o43’45.32”E agricultural land 26. 5/1 24o03’24.76”N Agricultural Land Agricultural and Non Nil Nil 300 m; village road 75o43’34.06”E agricultural land 27. 5/2 24o03’21.80”N Agricultural Land Agricultural and Non Nil Nallah; ~50 m; WSW 400 m; village road 75o43’25.81”E agricultural land direction; Small water body; ~35 m; SSE direction 28. AP6 24o03’17.78”N Government barren land Non agricultural land Nil Nil 65 m; village road 75o43’14.60”E 29. AP7 24o03’16.39”N Government barren land Non agricultural land Nil Nil 130m; village road 75o43’08.02”E Source: RUMSL Tower Schedule report and compensation report; ERM site visit; Google earth imagery SP road: Solar Park road; village road: unpaved village road. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 7 It is evident from the above table that • The transmission line passes mostly from the agricultural land. • There are no settlements and cultural heritage within 100 m distance from pooling substation, tower base and RoW of transmission line; • Water streams (nallah and canal) are present within 100 m distance of few towers (as mentioned in above table) • Most of the transmission towers had access through village roads and cart tracks within range of 50 m to 500 m distance. The maps showing RoW of transmission line is provided as Annex B. Layout plan of Gujarkhedi pooling substation is provided in Figure 2.4 and site photographs are provided Figure 2.5. Box 2.1 Ground Clearance for different features • Crossing another power line: 132 KV and 220 KV- 4.58 m; 400 KV- 5.49 m; 765KV- 7.49 m; • Telecommunication line: 3.050 m; • Minimum ground clearance above rail level of the lowest portion of any conductor under condition of maximum sag: 17.9 m; • Major roads: 12.2 m; • Minimum ground clearance from power conductor: 7.05 m; • Minimum vertical midspan clearance between power conductor and earth wire in still air: 8.5 m; Source: APTRANSCO- Technical Reference book- 2011-vol. ii. 2.2.1 Temporary Tapping point As mentioned in Section 1.1, proposed transmission line will be developed in two phases. In order to evacuate the power from phase I, a temporary tapping point was identified near AP 6. At the temporary tapping point, the Phase I transmission line will be temporarily connected to existing Bhanpura-Badod 220 KV DC Transmission Line through Jumper. Later, when the Phase II of the Transmission line is completed and final Sitamau Grid Substation is commissioned for power evacuation, this temporary arrangement will be removed and power from Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park will be evacuated through Siatmau Grid Substation. A schematic of temporary power evacuation arrangement at tapping point is shown in Figure 2.6. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 8 Figure 2.3 Map showing road network in area ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 9 Figure 2.4 Layout map of Gujarkhedi pooling substation Source: RUMSL ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 10 Figure 2.5 Photographs of under construction Pooling substation Source: ERM site visit in March- April, 2017 ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 11 Figure 2.6 Schematic of temporary power evacuation arrangements at tapping point Source: RUMSL ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 12 2.3 OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE PROJECT This section describes activities involved during different phases of the project. 2.3.1 Construction Phase A brief on activities undertaken during construction phase are given in Table 2.4. During site assessment, foundation of all towers was completed and erection of towers was in progress for transmission line, whereas at substation location, site preparation was completed and foundation activities and assembling of equipment were in progress. Later, during finalization of ESIA, the construction activities were completed and transmission line was charged (end of May, 2017). Table 2.4 Brief on Construction Activities Activity Details Transmission Line Pre-construction • A walkover survey and detailed route survey was carried out to Activity identify the corridor and fixing the alignment; • Check survey was conducted for exact tower spotting before start of construction; and • Soil investigation of important tower locations was carried out to ascertain the type of foundation to be adopted. Marking of the Route • The right of way was taken as 24 m including both sides from the and Right of Way centre line of the transmission line as per IS: 5613. (RoW) • The transmission line route was marked by wooden pegs within the ground, paint marking on road in accordance with the line design. • Sag template was used for the correct spotting of the towers after the detailed survey work was completed. Clearing of Towering • At the tower sites, all vegetation within the footprint of the tower Sites base and for a distance of approximately 2 m beyond the base in all directions was cleared to ground level. Foundations for • Pit marking was done for the legs of the tower and excavation was Towers done. The excavated soil was stored at the site of each foundation and used for backfilling purposes. Excavated soil ranges from 22 m3 to 405 m3 at tower locations depending on the type of tower and soil strata; • Foundation for towers was laid depending upon the type of soils encountered. The formwork, reinforcing bars, the embedded parts of the towers and any earthing elements were placed in the pits. A concrete cement pad was laid at the base of the foundation. The depth of foundation below ground was generally 3.3- 3.5 m • Lag time of 15 days, as specified by the Indian Standards, was maintained for curing of concrete before erection of the towers. About 50 KL of water was required at each site for foundation and curing activities. • The foundation pits were backfilled following the removal of the formwork with soil excavated from the site itself. The top part of the stub of the tower leg remains above the ground level after the backfilling. • The excess soil was disposed in the surrounding agricultural fields. On an average, 80 m3 of excess earth was generated at each tower location. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 13 Activity Details Erection of Towers • The time duration for tower erection ranges between 3- 4 days for B- series tower and about 10 days for MC series tower. Erection of towers is done by assembling prefabricated components of the lattice structure followed by straightening and then concreting through hydra cranes. The manpower involved in one tower erection was 20 workers. Stringing • The stringing operations between two towers normally take 2-4 days. The operation involves ‘paying off’ conductors and earth wires on the ground and then hoisting them with the help of tractors for fixing with the towers at both ends along with insulators and hardware. Stringing of the section between two angle towers is done at a time. • The tensioning and sagging is done in accordance with the approved initial stringing charts before the conductors and ground wire are finally attached to the towers through the ground wire clamps for the ground wire and insulator strings for the conductor; • The stringing process requires 20-25 workers. Testing and • On completion of the stringing work, physical inspection and Inspection checking of all foundation work, tower erection and stringing is carried out to ensure strict adherence to the technical requirements/specifications. Insulation and continuity test of the transmission line, as well as earth resistance of each tower is carried out before final commissioning. Safety Measures for A warning sign (as per IS: 2551) was attached to each tower Operation approximately2m above ground advising on high voltage. Once stringing is complete, anticlimbing devices will be placed on all faces of the tower. Also before the activation of the transmission line, a public announcement regarding operations of the transmission line is made to the inhabitants in the vicinity. Gujarkhedi Pooling Substation Site preparation • Marking the boundary of the substation site and erecting safety fences; • The Gujarkhedi pooling substation was located on undulating topography and hence cutting and filling activities had been undertaken for levelling of site. Foundation work • A large excavator or boring machine was used to create foundations. • Trenches were also installed to house electric and communication lines between the control house and equipment in the substation “yard.” Assembling • During this stage, the electrical equipment’s are installed and the equipment ancillary buildings that house control equipment are erected. Several steel lattice towers are erected using cranes and elevated work platforms. These towers support the wires from the transmission lines that connect to the substation. Internal roads are sealed and a road base is laid on the remainder of the substation site. Testing and • On completion of the construction work, a series of thorough commissioning inspections and commissioning tests are carried out before the substation was put into service. Figure 2.7 provides photographs of undergoing construction activity at transmission tower locations. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 14 Figure 2.7 Photographs of undergoing construction activities at Transmission tower locations Tower Location: AP6 Tower Location: AP7 Source: ERM site visit, April 2017 ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 15 2.3.2 Operation and Maintenance Phase Transmission Line The 220 kV D/C Transmission Line will temporarily connect to existing Bhanpura-Badod 220 KV DC Transmission Line for power evacuation from Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park till the Sitamau Grid Substation comes up. The control room of the Gujarkhedi pooling sub-station will be managed by qualified & experienced engineers round the clock. A regular maintenance and monitoring programme for the transmission line will be undertaken which comprises of preventive measures and measure for breakdown. Activities generally undertaken during O&M are given below: Visual inspections of insulator, conductor, missing tower numbers etc.; • Measurement of earth footing resistance for all towers periodically & taking necessary action by improving earthing arrangements as per site conditions; • Checking of tower foundation, anti-climbing device, phase plate, number plate, circuit plate, danger plate; • Checking of corrosion on tower members, tower earthing etc. and taking necessary actions; • Checking of adequate conductor clearances at important crossings, conductor creep etc. • Rectification of identified faults. Pooling Substation During operation and maintenance phase, regular replacement and refurbishment works are carried out. This may involve replacing some ageing equipment or rebuilding certain sections of the substation. Besides this, transformer oil will also be replaced at regular period. The activities generally undertaken during operation and maintenance include: • External cleaning of insulators of transformer, circuit breakers, CT, isolators etc. to keep them free of dirt/dust deposition; • Rust Protection of all steel enclosures such as marshalling kiosks, boxes parts of the operating mechanism made of steel. These are surface treated against rust; • Lubrication of bearings of breakers and operating mechanism of isolators etc.; • Treatment of contact surfaces of breakers/ isolators/ground switch depending on type of surface such as copper surface, aluminium surface etc.; • Check for oil level in different equipments; • Check for all joints for sign of leakages and their repair; ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 16 2.4 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS AND ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE The project is owned by RUMSL, and is being implemented jointly by RUMSL and MPPTCL. MPPTCL has been appointed by RUMSL as the PMC for the project. RUMSL has appointed Bajaj Electricals as the EPC contractor for the transmission line and the Pooling Substation. The EPC contractor in turn has sub-contracted four contractors for the work execution. The Figure 2.8 provides an understanding of the organization structure of the project during construction phase. Figure 2.8 Organizational Structure for project management- Construction phase Source: Based on discussions with client EPC contractor is responsible for the overall engineering, procurement, supply, construction, erection, installation, commissioning of the project. The sub-contractors have been recruited for the fulfilment of the specific scope of works, as identified in the figure above. Construction Phase The peak manpower requirement for the construction phase of the transmission line and substation was estimated at 150-200 workers. This includes unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled workers required by the project. Present Labour Force Deployment At the time of the site visit, the following workforce was deployed for the project by the subcontractors. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 17 Table 2.5 Present Labour Force for the Project S.No. Activity Subcontractor Workforce Activity Period 1. Civil and erection work at Power Track Construction 44 Nov’16-May’17 Substation 2. Boundary fencing and 220 KV Airtone Infrastructure Ltd. 15 bay foundation 3. Foundation for transmission Maa Sharda Earth Movers; 12; 4 towers R.K. Kanojeya 11 Total 82 Source: RUMSL In addition to this, representatives of Bajaj Electricals are present at site for day to day monitoring of the work execution. MPPTCL representatives are understood to visit the site on a regular basis for monitoring of the project activities. The unskilled labourers employed were recruited from the local villages itself, while the semi-skilled and skilled labourers are reported to be migrant workers (25 in number). These migrant workers are primarily from the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. In addition to this, during the foundation activities, some local women were involved in the construction activities as unskilled labour. However, according to the discussion with the project, they were primarily on a day-to-day basis and were involved in helping their husbands or family members out. During the erection and stringing activities, no women were involved. While women were involved in the construction of the PSS, the exact number was not documented. Labour Accommodation During site visit, it was observed that labourers for the Pooling Substation (being constructed by Power Track Construction) were residing in the under construction control room and in temporary tents outside, along the boundary of the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park. On the other hand, workers engaged in the foundation and tower erection activities for the transmission line were accommodated in a temporary camp near tapping point location at the time of the site visit. This camp is understood to be mobile and is shifted according to the movement of construction activities along the transmission line. Figure 2.9 Labour Accommodation at Site ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 18 Source: ERM site visit, 2017 Following observations were made on labour accommodation area: • At Substation, in the labour accommodation, packaging material was used as matrasses on concrete flooring; • One tent of about 3.5 m height was provided outside control room for labour accommodation. The cooking activity was observed adjacent to this tent; • A portion of living room was utilized as kitchen for storing food material and cutting, chopping etc. Cooking activity was carried out outside room in an open area in which wood packaging material was being used as fuel; • The grocery for cooking was procured from local market at Suwasara; • Tanker water supply is provided for domestic water requirement at the pooling substation and temporary labour camp for transmission line; • There was no proper sanitation facilities provided at the labour camps. Labourers informed that they use nearby fields for defecation; • A small area was partitioned with packaging cardboard for being used as urinal for women workers at the PSS and no toilet facilities available. • The migrant workers are understood to procure cooking fuel, groceries and other provisions from the surrounding communities. Box 2.2 IFC/EBRD Guidelines for Worker’s accommodation • Living facilities shall be located to avoid flooding and other natural hazards. Where possible, living facilities are located within a reasonable distance from the worksite; • Transport from the living facilities to worksite is safe and free; • The living facilities shall be built with adequate materials, kept in good repair and kept clean and free from rubbish and other refuse; • The building site shall be adequately drained to avoid the accumulation of stagnant water; • Heating, air-conditioning and ventilation should be appropriate for the climatic conditions; • Access to an adequate and convenient supply of free potable water shall be always available. Drinking water shall meets national/local or WHO drinking water standards; • Wastewater, sewage, food and any other waste materials shall be adequately discharged, in compliance with local or World Bank standards; • Specific containers for rubbish collection shall be provided and emptied on a regular basis; • Rooms/dormitories shall be kept in good condition, aired and cleaned at regular intervals; • A separate bed for each worker shall be provided. The practice of “hot-bedding” should be avoided; • Sanitary facilities shall be provided separately for men and women. Sanitary and toilet facilities shall be constructed of materials that are easily cleanable; • An adequate number of toilets, facilities for washing and bathing shall be provided to workers; • Canteen, cooking and laundry facilities shall be kept in a clean and sanitary condition. If workers can cook their own meals, kitchen space is provided separate from sleeping areas; • An adequate number of staff/workers shall be trained to provide first aid; • Security at worker’s accommodation shall be ensured. Source: Workers’ accommodation: processes and standards, A guidance note by IFC and the EBRD. Operation Phase During the operation phase, the total work force expected to be deployed is 25- 30 individuals. These 30 workers shall include the 10-15 personnel from the testing division stationed at the Pooling substation, 10 people from the ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 19 maintenance division and security staff. The maintenance division is expected to engage their people in teams of two, for regular patrolling. This regular patrolling will be undertaken at least twice in a fortnight along the entire route. In case of any break down or emergency, a team of 25 personnel will be available. This team will primarily comprise of technicians, electricians and skilled and semi-skilled workmen. 2.5 LAND REQUIREMENT AND ALLOTMENT PROCESS This section provides an understanding of the land requirement for the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park (and PSS) and the Right of Way (RoW) for the Transmission line. The following table provides a summary of the land/RoW requirement for the project. Table 2.6 Summary of Land Requirement for Project Project Sub Government Private Village Total Land Number of Component Component land (ha) Land/ (ha) Impacted Patta land Land (ha) owners Transmission Transmission Runija 2.68 12.54 15.22 54 line line Corridor Ghasoi 4.11 6.89 11 46 with 24m Gujarkhedi 5.57 1.12 6.69 1 wide RoW1 Total 12.36 20.55 32.91 101 Base Area for Runija 0.04 0.16 0.2 19 Towers Ghasoi 0.07 0.09 0.16 7 Gujarkhedi 0.04 0.01 0.05 1 Total 0.16 0.26 0.41 27 Total Base +RoW 12.52 20.81 33.32 128 Pooling Pooling Gujarkhedi 7 0 7 0 Substation substation Neemuch- Neemuch- Runija 134.19 2 136.19 3 Mandsaur Mandsaur Gujarkhedi 419.44 6 425.44 6 Solar park Solar park (presently residing in Suwasara) Total 553.634 8 561.63 9 2.5.1 Land Requirement for the Project RoW for Transmission Line The land requirement for the transmission line is comprised primarily of the following: • Land required for the 29 transmission line towers (12mX12m); • Right of Way of 24m width along the 8.831 km of transmission line corridor 1This is based on a review of the satellite imagery along the transmission line corridor. These figures may thus be revised once the revenue maps are available for a detailed review. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 20 There is no process of land purchase or acquisition associated with the transmission line. The entire transmission line required a RoW clearance. The RoW for the transmission line route is understood to be 24 m (12 m on each side of the transmission line route) for the entire length of 8.831 km. The RoW corridor for the transmission line will cover approx. 33.32 hectare. The land for the transmission tower base is comprised of land from two villages, namely Runija and Ghasoi. The ground area for the transmission line towers is understood to be 144 sqm (12mX12m). Of the 29 towers in the transmission line, 24 are located on private land, and the remaining 5 are located on government land. These 24 towers on private land are located on land owned by 24 land owners. Of the 24 towers, 17 are located in Runija village, 1 is located in Gujarkhedi and 6 are located in Ghasoi village. These 24 towers on private land are located on land owned by 27 land owners. Of these 27 land owners, 19 land owners are residents of Runija, 1 is a resident of Gujarkhedi and 7 are residents of Ghasoi village. Pooling Substation According to the information provided by RUMSL, the land for the pooling substation at Gujarkhedi, is spread across 7 hectares and fully comprised of government land. 2.5.2 Land Procurement Process and Status Process and Status of Transmission Line RoW The RoW for the transmission line has been obtained in keeping with the requirements of the Electricity Act 2003 and the Indian Telegraph Act 1885. The Electricity Act, 2003, Part-VIII, Section 67 & 68 Section 67 (3 & 4): "(3) A licensee shall, in exercise of any of the powers conferred by or under this section and the rules made thereunder, cause as little damage, detriment and inconvenience as may be, and shall make full compensation for any damage, detriment or inconvenience caused by him or by anyone employed by him. (4) Where any difference or dispute [including amount of compensation under sub-section (3)] arises under this section, the matter shall be determined by the Appropriate Commission. Section 68 (5 & 6): (5) Where any tree standing or lying near an overhead line or where any structure or other object which has been placed or has fallen near an overhead line subsequent to the placing of such line, interrupts or interferes with, or is likely to interrupt or interfere with, the conveyance or transmission of electricity or to interrupt or interfere with, the conveyance or transmission of electricity or the accessibility of any works, an Executive Magistrate or authority specified by the Appropriate Government may, on the application of the licensee, cause the tree, structure or object to be removed or otherwise dealt with as he or it thinks fit. (6) When disposing of an application under sub-section (5), an Executive Magistrate or authority specified under that sub-section shall, in the case of any tree in existence before the placing of the overhead line, award to the person interested in the tree such compensation as he thinks reasonable, and such person may recover the same from the licensee. Explanation - For purposes of this section, the expression tree shall be deemed to include any shrub, hedge. jungle growth or other plant. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 21 The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, Part-III, Section 10 ("e"): "Section 110 - The telegraph authority may, from time to time, place and maintain a telegraph line under, over, along, or across, and posts in or upon any immovable property, Provided that a) The telegraph authority shall not exercise the powers conferred by this section except for the purposes of a telegraph established or maintained by the [Central Government], or to be so established or maintained; b) The [Central Government] shall not acquire any right other than that of user only in the property under, over, along, across in or upon which the telegraph authority places any telegraph line or post; and c) Except as hereinafter provided, the telegraph authority shall not exercise those powers in respect of any property vested in or under the control or management of any local authority, without the permission of that authority, and d) in the exercise of the powers conferred by this section, the telegraph authority shall do as little damage as possible, and, when it has exercised those powers in respect of any property other than that referred to in clause (c), shall pay full compensation to all persons interested for any damage sustained by them by reason of the exercise of those powers." MoP Guidelines for Payment of Compensation Towards Damages in regard to RoW, October 2015 Ministry of Power (MoP), Government of India (GoI) vide notification no. 3/7/2015-Trans dated 15.10.2015 has issued ‘Guidelines for payment of compensation towards damages in regard to Right of Way for transmission lines’. It is to be noted that the guidelines have proposed compensation to be paid for the base area in between the transmission tower (between four legs) and towards diminution of land value in the width of the RoW corridor due to laying of transmission line @ 85 % and 15 % respectively of the land value as determined by the District Magistrate or any authority based on circle rate/ guideline value/ stamp value/ stamp act. However, the same has not been accepted by Government of Madhya Pradesh. Recently however, this notification has been applied in a project by Power Grid Corporation in Madhya Pradesh via a government order number R/3283/2016/7/2A dated 11.5.2017, according to the discussion with RUMSL. Draft Environmental and Social Management Framework for Solar PV Park, February, 2017 This draft ESMF has been formulated by MNRE, in collaboration with World Bank. The purpose of this ESMF is to aid in the screening, assessment, management of environmental and social impacts for the projects. This is the document which has guided the formulation of the ESIA and ESMP for this project. The loss of trees and crops are to be compensated at the rate estimated by (i) Forest Department for timber trees, (ii) State Agriculture Extension Department for crops, and (iii) Horticulture Department for fruit/flower trees. Tenants (registered and un-registered), contract cultivators, lease holders/share cropper will be eligible for compensation of standing trees and crops as per agreement document/mutual understanding between owner and the beneficiaries. PAFs will be served notice to harvest fruits/crops and trees 3 months in advance. The land and assets temporarily impacted during construction are to be paid by the contractor as per prior agreement between the ‘Contractor; and the ‘Affected Party’. Annual lease rent to be paid to titleholder as per pre-agreed rate with the land owners giving consent for sparing their land for the project. The loss of structures/trees/crops are to be paid as per above provisions. The non-titleholders (share-croppers, agriculture labours) affected by land on lease will be eligible for temporary employment in the project and would get subsistence allowance of Rs. 36,000/- as one time grant and training allowance of Rs 10,000/- for income generation per family. In case of common property resources, preference shall be given for the reconstruction of community structures and common property resources in consultation with the community. The procurement of the RoW for the transmission line has been led by MPPTCL and included following steps. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 22 Figure 2.10 RoW Procurement Process Followed Based on the information shared by concerned officers of MPPTCL, the status of the RoW procurement is as follows: • Compensation to the land owners for damage to crops by the construction activities in the RoW was provided at three stages, namely: o During the excavation work for laying the tower; o During the time of tower erection and o Power lines are strung out between towers • No damage to trees due to cutting or trimming has occurred in Phase I; • The compensation for crop loss in the RoW has been paid to all 27 land owners; for the excavation for tower foundation and tower erection activities, according to the electricity act, 2003 & the compensation for the crop is paid according to MP & Chhattisgarh Land revenue code, 1959. • The assessment of the loss/impact was done by the Patwari of that area. • The department of horticulture and agriculture are involved in the provisioning of yield rates for the area. based on these rates, the compensation amount for each land owner is calculated; • The land owners were aware of the process involved in procurement of RoW and have received the copy of the documentation/form. The land owners were made aware of the process of procurement through a verbal conversation with the project team;; • The documentation/form specifies the following: a) Name of the farmer, b) Village name, c) Khasra number, d) Tower location number, e) reason for loss ( Foundation, erection, stringing or any other) and f) details of the crop loss ( this includes name of the crop, size, width). This documentation/form is understood to have been signed by every land owner, whose land is impacted in terms of crop loss due to tower foundation, erection or stringing activities; • It was reported by the land owner & the site representatives that the compensation for the crop loss in the RoW was being paid through cheques in the name of the land owner. This cheque disbursement was done in phases, the first disbursement was done in Mar-Apr 2017, while the second was done in May-June 2017. This cost is borne by RUMSL. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 23 • From the discussions with the 27 land owners and MPPTCL, it is understood that there were no share croppers, encroachers, squatters or people on rent in the land parcels impacted by the tower footings. Process and Status of Pooling Substation Land The Pooling substation being constructed by RUMSL is located on government land. 2.5.3 Project Related Land Procurement and Specific Issues Schedule V Area (Designated Tribal Inhabited Area) The Project footprint area does not fall under Schedule V areas1 as defined by the Indian Constitution. Thus, the land alienation and acquisition restrictions associated with Schedule V areas are not applicable to this project. Tribal (Schedule Tribe) Land As reported by the site-in-charge of MPPTCL, Bajaj electrical representative, documentation review and community consultation, there is no ST land impacted by the tower footings. According to the consultations with the local community, the land in the study area predominantly belongs to caste such as Vaghri (SC), Rajput (General), Gujjar (OBC) and Brahmin (General). Landlessness For the construction of transmission line, land under the Transmission Towers (144 sqm for each tower) is temporarily affected. The land under transmission corridor (with 24m width) is permanently affected as it is brought under land- use restrictions. The land use restrictions primarily pertain to the prohibition of any structure or vegetation within 7 m vertically of the sag line, and the avoidance of any structures in the RoW. There is no restriction on cultivation within the RoW. As there is no land acquisition involved, the project will not result in landlessness of the 27 land owners, the tower base is understood to impact on an average 5.32% of the total land holding of the land owner. Amongst the 27, 23 land owners have reported an impact on less than 10% of their land holding and have more than 1 hectare of land remaining unaffected. The land use restriction under the transmission tower base is considered severe and therefore the PAFs are considered to receive one time compensation of 85% of the land value as determined by the District Magistrate vide Guideline issued by MoP, Government of India. A detailed discussion of the impact of the project on the land holdings is provided in Section 5.6. 1The Schedule V areas comprise of the areas identified in the Paragraph 6 of the Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. These areas comprise of those tribal inhabited areas which are located in other parts of the country than North-East India, including areas in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Orissa and Rajasthan. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 24 Encroachment ERM visited the site when the construction works were in progress. According to discussions with project team, consultations with local, it was understood that there were no encroachers on the land used for PSS and transmission tower base prior to commencement of construction works. The government land was primarily used by the local community in Runija village for grazing purpose. Common Property Resources The towers/poles of the transmission lines do not render a significant part of land locked (lack of access) for approach of animals or human beings. Similarly, the RoW of transmission line does not pass through any community pond, graveyard/ cremation site, any other public utility or use any public land; hence there will not be any impact to the CPRs. Cultural Heritage Mandsaur District is characterised by a number of temples of cultural significance, some dating back 200-300 years. However, there were no legally protected cultural heritage structures observed to be falling within a 2 kms buffer of the transmission line. Land Use Change All the land parcels for which RoW is obtained are reported to be either under cultivation or are fallow land. Moreover, as the current transmission line project only requires RoW, there is no need for any land use change of the concerned land parcels from agriculture/ fallow to industrial category. The land use however will change for the 7 ha of government land, being used for the construction of the Pooling substation. The permission for land use change by MNRE is understood to have been obtained by the project, but was not available at the time of the assessment. 2.6 NEEMUCH-MANDSAUR SOLAR PARK The Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park is an associated facility for the project. As per RMUSL, the land acquisition process for the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park was complete except 6ha of Patta land allotted to 6 families. According to the land allotment letter dated 28th January 2016, the total land under the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park measuring about 553.634 Ha fall under the jurisdiction of two revenue villages, namely Runija (134.19 Ha out of total village area of 2290 Ha) and un-inhabited Village Gujarkhedi (419.44 Ha out of total village area of 626 Ha). Of the 553.64 Ha, 6 Ha is comprised of patta land while the remaining is government land. This patta land was allotted to 6 Scheduled Caste (SC) Families in 2002, under the MP Land Revenue Code, 1959 residing in Suwasara (originally from Gujarkhedi). ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 25 According to the discussion with RUMSL representative, Suwasra tehsil officer & patta (1) holders, the pattas were allotted to these 6 families in 2002. These pattas were allotted from within the ‘charnoi (2)’ land under MP Land Revenue Code, 1959. This Patta land has been purchased by RUMSL, and ERM was provided the registered deeds for verification. Reportedly, the compensation amount for the land was determined under the MP Consent Land Purchase Policy 2014. The payment of compensation amount has been completed for all 6 Patta holders through cheques in April-May 2018. The land value paid is INR 8,47,000. (1) Record of Rights. (2) Grazing ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 26 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK This section highlights the environmental and social regulations applicable to the Project. This administrative framework includes: Applicable environmental and social laws and regulation by Government of India and Government of Madhya Pradesh; Applicable environmental standards; World Bank environment and social safeguard policies; IFC Performance Standards; and Environmental and Social Management Framework for shared infrastructure of Solar PV Park, adopted by MNRE. 3.1 APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND STATE LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS A list of applicable environmental and social legislations, institutional agencies for their implementation and their relevance for the transmission line project are given in the following table. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 27 Table 3.1 Applicable National and Social Legislations Acts/Rule/Policy Year Objective Applicability to this Project Responsible Agency Environment Protection Environmental 1986 To protect and improve the overall environment. All environmental legislation is covered in this MoEFCC; CPCB; (Protection) Act umbrella Act MPPCB Water (Prevention 1974 To control water pollution by controlling discharge Transmission Line Project does not require MPPCB and Control of of pollutants as per the prescribed standards Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate. Pollution) Act Note: Stand-alone DG Sets having total capacity 1 Air (Prevention and 1981 To control air pollution by controlling emission of MVA or less and equipped with acoustic Control of Pollution) air pollutants as per the prescribed standards. enclosures along with adequate stack height may Act be exempted from the purview of Consent management1. Hazardous and other 2016 These rules are aimed prescribing procedures for Generation of used transformer oil, oil MPPCB wastes (Management management, handling, disposal and contaminated materials at substation site attracts and Trans boundary transboundary movement of hazardous wastes the provisions of Hazardous and other waste Movement) Rules Rules, 2016. The hazardous wastes have to be disposed through approved recyclers/reprocessors only. The Noise 2000 Aimed at establishing ambient air quality standards Per the rules, ambient noise levels are to be MPPCB (Regulation & in respect to noise for different areas/zones maintained as stipulated in the rules for different Control) Rules categories of areas such as residential, commercial, industrial and silence zones. Batteries 2001 The Act defines the requirements for disposal of The discarded lead acid batteries at control room MPPCB (Management and used batteries for bulk users. The developers in have to be disposed in accordance to the Rules. Handling) Rules sub-project would be likely bulk users. The Electricity Act 2003 Laws relating to generation, transmission, Permission for the national grid connectivity is Central Electrical distribution, trading and use of electricity, required to be obtained for the project Authority through promotion of efficient and environmentally benign C.E(P&D) Jabalpur policies. Guidelines/Criteria 2012 Applicable for construction and operations stage The project requires to obtain permission from CGWA for Evaluation of Central Ground Water Authority for abstraction Proposals/Requests of ground water at substation. for Groundwater Abstraction 1 http://cpcb.nic.in/upload/Latest/Latest_118_Final_Directions.pdf ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 28 Acts/Rule/Policy Year Objective Applicability to this Project Responsible Agency The Motor Vehicles 1988 Act and Rules aimed at regulating all aspects of • Compliance of stipulated standards under Ministry of Road Act road transport vehicles in the country rule Transport and The Central Motor 1989 • Display of emergency information panel by Highways Vehicles Rules vehicles carrying hazardous substances as State Transport per Rule 134 Authority • Other environmental and safety compliance under the rules Acts and Regulations governing LA & Social Issues The Madhya Pradesh 1959 Aimed at consolidating the law relating to land This Act provides guidance on the evaluation of District Collector and Chhattisgarh revenue, the powers of Revenue Officers, rights and land and assets impacted; (Mandsaur) and Land Revenue Code liabilities of holders of land from the State According to this Act, "market Value" means the Revenue Department Government, agricultural tenures and other matters value of land assessed according to guidelines relating to land and the liabilities incidental thereto issued by the Collector under the Madhya in Madhya Pradesh. Pradesh Bajar Mulya Margdarshak Siddhanton ka Banaya Jana Tatha. Unka Punrikshan Niyam, 2000 made under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 MP Consent Land 2014 The government agencies requiring land The policy will facilitate speedy acquisition of Revenue department Purchase Policy for various infrastructure projects can acquire land land and the PAPs will get the compensations with the mutual consent of the land owners as it as per the provisions of the policy in timely saves time, ensure timely payment of land value to manner. owners and the procedures are less cumbersome. The objective is to acquire land from owners with their consent and making them understand the social and economic benefits as a result of the project. The Electricity Act 2003 Laws relating to generation, transmission, • As per the Electricity Act, RUMSL requires Central Electrical &Rules distribution, trading and use of electricity, full compensation to be paid for any Authority through promotion of efficient and environmentally benign damage, detriment or inconvenience caused C.E(P&D) Jabalpur policies. by him or by anyone employed by him during the construction activities; • The Electricity Act requires reasonable compensation to be paid to the owner, in case of any existing trees/structures/ objects which have to be removed from the RoW. • The Electricity Act defines the compensation payable for damages to crops/ trees and structures. • The rules also provide a detailed understanding of vertical and horizontal ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 29 Acts/Rule/Policy Year Objective Applicability to this Project Responsible Agency clearances to maintained for different lines according to voltage The Indian Telegraph 1885 • The Electricity Act and Telegraph Act define Department of Act the compensation payable for damages to Telegraph – crops/ trees and structures. Communication, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh Seventy Third 1992 The Act enables participation of Panchayat level Yes, for any sub project located in panchayat area Department of Constitution institutions in decision-making. Panchayats at the Panchayati Raj, State Amendment Act, village level will be involved for preparation and Government implementation of the project. MoP Guidelines for 2015 Guidelines for payment of compensation towards the guidelines have proposed compensation to be Revenue Department Payment of damages in regard to Right of Way for transmission paid for the base area in between the Compensation lines transmission tower (between four legs) and Towards Damages in towards diminution of land value in the width of regard to RoW the RoW corridor due to laying of transmission line @ 85 % and 15 % respectively of the land value as determined by the District Magistrate or any authority based on circle rate/ guideline value/ stamp value/ stamp act. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 30 3.2 INDIAN LABOUR LAWS All the workers are governed by the relevant Indian labour laws as stated below. The Developer shall undertake the requisite license from Labour Commissioner prior to initiation of any works onsite. Table 3.2 Applicable Labour Acts Applicable Acts Coverage Provisions Minimum Wages Act 1948 The act ensures minimum wages for each category of workers Equal Remuneration Act 1976; Puts in place rules and regulations governing the The Payment of Wages Act, 1936, remuneration payable to workers and employees amended in 2005; Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. The E.P.F. and Miscellaneous Provisions act, 1952; Payment of Bonus Act, 1965; Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972; ESI Act , 1948 (Employees State Insurance Act, 1948) Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 Child Labour (Prohibition and Prohibits employment of children below 14 years of age Regulation) Act, 1986 and subsequent amendments Contract Labour (Regulation & Ensure health and safety of construction workers Abolition) Central Act 1970 and Rules, 1971 The Bonded Labour System Abolishes Forced labour in the country (Abolition) Act 1976; Contract Labour (Regulation and Ensure basic welfare measures to be made available to Abolition) Act, 1970 the contract workers by the employer Inter-state Migrant Workmen Act Regulate the condition of service of inter-state labourers 1979. in Indian labour law The Building and other Construction Ensure safety measures at construction work site and Workers Act, 1996 other welfare measures such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for Workers near the Workplace etc 3.3 RELEVANT WORLD BANK GROUP SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS The implementation of the World Bank Operational Policies seek to avoid, minimize or mitigate the adverse environmental and social impacts, including protecting the rights of those likely to be affected or marginalized by the project. Based on the information available, following OP’s are likely to be triggered and would require adequate measures to address the safeguard concerns. Table 3.3 Applicable World Bank Safeguards World Bank Objective Applicability Safeguard Safe Guard Requiremen Policies ts OP 4.01 The objective of this policy is to The environmental issues will EIA and/or Environment ensure that Bank financed be addressed adequately in EMP advance. An integrated required. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 31 World Bank Objective Applicability Safeguard Safe Guard Requiremen Policies ts al projects are environmentally Environmental Screening and Assessment sound and sustainable. Environmental Assessment (EA) with Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be developed to manage environmental risks and maximize environmental and social benefits wherever it is applicable. OP 4.04 The policy recognizes that the This policy may be triggered by EIA and Natural conservation of natural habitats the Project due to activity EMP Habitats is essential for long-term requiring forest/ wildlife lands, required sustainable development. The locating close to the natural Bank, therefore, supports the habitats with the potential to protection, maintenance and cause significant adverse impact rehabilitation of natural habitats or degradation of natural in its project financing, as well habitats whether directly as policy dialogue and (through construction) or analytical work. The Bank indirectly (through human supports and expects the activities induced by the Borrowers to apply a project). precautionary approach to natural resources management to ensure environmentally sustainable development OP/BP 4.12 The objective of this policy is to This policy applies to all Resettlement Involuntary avoid or minimize involuntary components of the project that Action Plan Resettlement resettlement where feasible, result in involuntary in exploring all viable alternative resettlement, regardless of the consultation project designs. Furthermore, it source of financing including with the intends to assist displaced projects that are carried out, or community person in improving their planned to be carried out, and project former living standards; contemporaneously with the authorities community participation in project. planning and implementing resettlement; and to provide assistance to affected people, regardless of the legality of title of land 3.3.1 Project Categorization- Environmental Screening In accordance to the OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment, World Bank classifies a project into one of the four categories. With reference to the World Bank screening criteria, the Project fall under ‘Category B’ for the following reasons: • The transmission line project is a linear project that runs for about 8.831 km requiring ‘right of way’ of 24 m width all along. • Potentially limited reversible: Project’s potential environmental and social impacts were mostly confined to construction phase and site- specific. These impacts include increase noise & vibration and air quality during the site preparation of substation and excavations for Transmission Line Towers and community health and safety during material ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 32 transportation. There was no forest land involved in the project.The project during operation phase will have low potential of pollution; • Limited social impacts on the baseline: In terms of social impacts, the land required for substation was government land whereas land for transmission line tower base and in RoW for Transmission line was comprised of government land and private land. The project does not involve any procurement of private land or physical displacement. 3.4 IFC PERFORMANCE STANDARDS The IFC performance standards apply to private sector projects and provide instruments to manage the operations of projects in an environmentally and socially acceptable manner. The performance standards are designed to help avoid, mitigate, and manage risks and impacts as a way of doing business in a sustainable way, including stakeholder engagement and disclosure obligations of the client in relation to project-level activities. The following performance standards are likely to be applicable: Table 3.4 Applicability of IFC Performance Standards Performance Standards Applicability Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks & Impacts / Yes No Performance Standard 1 Labour and Working Conditions / Performance Standard 2 Yes No Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention / Performance Standard 3 Yes No Community Health, Safety, and Security / Performance Standard 4 Yes No Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement / Performance Standard 5 Yes No Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Yes No Resources / Performance Standard 6 Indigenous Peoples / Performance Standard 7 Yes No Cultural Heritage / Performance standard 8 Yes No Performance Standard 1 establishes the importance of: • Integrated assessment to identify the environmental and social impacts, risks, and opportunities of projects; • effective community engagement through disclosure of project-related information and consultation with local communities on matters that directly affect them; and • Client’s management of environmental and social performance throughout the life of the project. Performance Standards 2 through 8 establish objectives and requirements to avoid, minimize, and where residual impacts remain, to compensate/offset for risks and impacts to workers, Affected Communities, and the environment. While all relevant environmental and social risks and potential impacts should be considered as part of the assessment, Performance Standards 2 through 8 describes potential environmental and social risks and impacts that require particular attention. Where environmental or social risks and impacts are identified, the client is required to manage them through its Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) consistent with Performance Standard 1. Performance ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 33 Standard 1 applies to all projects that have environmental and social risks and impacts. The following table provides a summary of the objectives of the PSs. Table 3.5 Key Objectives of the IFC Performance Standards IFC PS Objectives Assessment and The objectives of the performance standard 1 are: Management of • Identify and assess environmental and social impacts in the project’s Environmental area of influence. and Social Risks • Avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts. & Impacts • Ensure that affected communities are engaged on issues that may affect them. • Promote improved environmental and social performance through effective management systems Labour and The objectives of the performance standard 2 are: Working • Establish, maintain and improve the worker-management relationship. Conditions • Promote fair treatment and equal opportunity for workers, in compliance with national laws. • Protect workforce by addressing child labour and forced labour. • Promote safe working conditions and protect / promote the health of workers Resource This Performance Standard outlines a project-level approach to resource Efficiency and efficiency and pollution prevention and control in line with internationally Pollution disseminated technologies and practices. The objectives of the Performance Prevention Standard 3 are: • To avoid or minimize adverse impacts on human health and the environment by avoiding or minimizing pollution from project activities. • To promote more sustainable use of resources, including energy and water. • To reduce project-related Green House Gas emissions Community While acknowledging the public authorities’ role in promoting the health, Health, Safety safety, and security of the public, this Performance Standard – 4 addresses and Security the client’s responsibility to avoid or minimize the risks and impacts to community health, safety, and security that may arise from project related- activities, with particular attention to vulnerable groups. The objective of Performance Standard 4 is: • Avoid or minimize the risks to, and impacts on, the health and safety of the local community over the project life cycle, from both routine and non-routine circumstances. • Ensure that the safeguarding of personnel and property is carried out in a legitimate manner that avoids or minimizes risks to the community’s safety and security. Land Performance Standard 5 recognizes that project-related land acquisition and Acquisition and restrictions on land use can have adverse impacts on communities and Involuntary persons that use this land. The objective of Performance Standard 5 is: Resettlement • Avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement whenever feasible by exploring alternative project designs. • Mitigate adverse social and economic impacts by providing compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost and ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with appropriate disclosure of information, consultation and informed participation of those affected. • Improve or at least restore livelihoods and living standards of displaced persons. • Improve living conditions among displaced persons through provision of adequate housing with security of tenure at resettlement sites. Biodiversity Performance Standard 6 recognizes that protecting and conserving Conservation biodiversity, maintaining ecosystem services, and sustainably managing and Sustainable living natural resources are fundamental to sustainable development. The Management of objective of the Performance Standard 6 is: • To protect and conserve biodiversity. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 34 IFC PS Objectives Living Natural • To maintain the benefits from ecosystem services. Resources • To promote the sustainable management of living natural resources through the adoption of practices that integrate conservation needs and development priorities. 3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK OF MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY Ministry of New and Renewable Energy have framed a Draft Environmental and Social Management Framework for Solar PV Park, dated February, 2017. The framework also mentions RFCT LARR 2013 to be applied for Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation provisions ; specifically Section 26 for cash compensation for land and Section 29 for cash compensation of impacted structures. The framework had identified the following key environmental and social issues/ impacts to be kept in consideration for sub-projects: • Impacts on biological environment, especially forest land; • Impacts due to water requirements as most projects are located in water scarce regions; • Impacts on livelihoods of land owners; • Impacts on common property resources; • Impacts due to construction activities such as soil erosion and dust, noise, health and safety, waste generation; In keeping with the impacts identified, the ESMF requires the formulation of a project specific Environmental and Social Management Plan, which would include relevant management plans, such as the following: • Resettlement Action Plan/ Framework; • Gender Action Plan; • Indigenous Peoples Policy Framework; • Stakeholder Engagement Plan; • Grievance Redressal Mechanism. As part of the RAP/Framework guidelines, the ESMF identifies the entitlements which shall be made available, in keeping with the specific impacts. A summary of these entitlements against key impacts is given the table below. Table 3.6 Summary of Entitlements provided in ESMF S. Impact Entitlement 1. Land- Owner Compensation at Market value, Resettlement and Rehabilitation 2. Loss of Private Structures Compensation at Market value, Resettlement & (Residential/Commercial)- Owner Rehabilitation Assistance 3. Loss of Private Structures Resettlement & Rehabilitation Assistance (Residential/Commercial)- Tenant/Lease Holders 4. Loss of structures on Government land Resettlement & Rehabilitation Assistance ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 35 S. Impact Entitlement 5. Loss of Livelihood Resettlement & Rehabilitation Assistance 6. Loss of Trees and Crops Compensation at market value 7. Additional Support to Vulnerable Resettlement & Rehabilitation Assistance- Families additional financial assistance 8. Loss of Community Reconstruction of community structure and Infrastructure/Common Property common property resources Resources 9. Land & assets temporarily impacted Compensation for temporary impact during during construction construction 10. Land on lease Annual Lease rental for use of land ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 36 4 CURRENT (BASELINE) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STATUS This section provides an understanding of the physical, biological and social environment in the study area for the project. The socio-cultural baseline of the impacted land owners for the project will be developed as part of the detailed RAP for the entire length of the transmission line. During ESIA study, construction activities were already started, therefore, the baseline conditions of the area were already modified. Hence, the baseline conditions presented in subsequent sections are analysed retrospectively and provide information on current status, wherever applicable. 4.1 LOCATION CHARACTERISTICS The project site is located in Suwasara Tehsil of Mandsaur District, which is located on north west part of Madhya Pradesh State. The site is located at a distance of 70 km East of Mandsaur town and lies between the parallels of 24° 3'17.25"N to 24° 5'3.34"N latitude and between the meridians of 75°43'12.18"E to 75°47'41.85"E longitude. The district is mainly agriculture-based and its cropping pattern is diversified. Mandsaur district is well connected by roads and rail. The area surrounding the site comprises of rural setup with the primary land use being rain fed agriculture. The project footprint is spread across two (2) villages, viz. Ghasoi and Runija. The location of substation has undulating terrain whereas the tower locations and transmission line route is mostly plain agricultural fields. No Schedule V area, national park, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, notified historical and cultural sites etc. are located within 2 km distance from the centre line of Transmission Line route. The location of transmission line on toposheet with surrounding environmental and social features is given in Figure 2.1. 4.2 STUDY AREA For the purpose of the baseline establishment and impact assessment, a study area of 2 km distance on both sides of Transmission line and 2 km corridor of Gujarkhedi pooling substation has been considered for the environmental and social baseline and 4 km distance for assessing the flora and fauna of the area. The study area for the project is considered as per the ToR for the project (1). However, the direct impacts from the project may be limited to the project (1) The E&S consultant would determine the three co-ordinates (latitude, longitude, altitude) of all major features, like waterbodies, important forest patches, cultural and/or community properties, with latest details, up to 2 (two) km in case of normal routes and 4 (four) km in case of presence of sensitive environment features, on both sides of selected route’s alignment. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 37 foot-print area and indirect/induced impacts to Area of Influence (AoI) as described below. Figure 4.1 shows the study area map for baseline study. 4.2.1 Project footprint Area The Project Footprint includes all land used (permanent / temporary) for following activities: • The erection of 29 transmission towers each with 144 sqm base area; • Stringing of conductors across the transmission line of 8.831 km length from Gujarkhedi pooling substation to temporary tapping point (RoW of 24 m); • Gujarkhedi pooling substation (7 hectares); • Temporary access through government and private land for construction purposes (compensation paid for 27 towers) and the same is considered to be used for maintenance works in operation phase as well; • Temporary use of vacant government land for storage of materials and equipment. This temporary use is shifting in nature, depending upon the location of construction. At the time of site visit, the storage area was located near Ghasoi village; and • Labour accommodation, which is temporary and shifting in nature, depending upon location of construction. At the time of site visit, the labour camp was set up near Ghasoi village. 4.2.2 Project Area of Influence (AOI) The potential indirect and induced impacts of the Project and Project activities were considered in identification of the Project’s Area of Influence (AoI). The AoI considered for Project with respect to the environmental and social resources was based on the following reach of impacts: • Air Quality: Dust emissions, fugitive dust –typically up to 100 m from major construction areas during normal conditions and upto 500 m during windy summer conditions; • Noise: Noise impact area (defined as the area over which an increase in environmental noise levels due to the Project can be detected) –typically 100-200 m from construction site; • Land environment: The impacts on soil and land- typically upto 50 -70m from project foot print area; • Flora and Fauna (Terrestrial and Aquatic): This includes: (a) the direct footprint of the project; (b) The areas immediately adjacent to the project footprint within which a zone of ecological disturbance is created through increased dust, human presence and project related activities (e.g., trampling, transportation activities). This kind of disturbance has been estimated to occur within 1 km of the project footprint. The wild-life and fauna resides in a wider habitat and their range of movement differs. Hence a wider area of 1km and 2km on either side of the transmission corridor is profiled. Further, water bodies with migratory birds beyond the 2kms corridor are also profiled to understand the presence of avifauna in the area; ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 38 • Social and Cultural: The social impacts (apart from the direct impacts of acquiring rights of use/RoW for tower bases and land-use restrictions in transmission corridor) are screened for the habitats within a corridor of 2km either side. Thus, maximum area of influence for the project is expected to be within a corridor of 2kms either side of the transmission line and it is further sub- divided as 1kms corridor and 2kms corridor. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 39 Figure 4.1 Study area map Storage area and labour camp for TL ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 40 4.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE OF THE STUDY AREA 4.3.1 Landuse and Land cover The land is primarily used for agricultural practices in the Mandsaur District as well as in the study area contributing to 57.58% of geographical extent, followed by scrub land of 36.47% (based on toposheet). The study area along the Transmission line route is primarily agriculture whereas Gujarkhedi pooling substation had scrub land in surroundings. Small patches of open forest area are present towards south of the tower location AP2, 4/7, 4/8 and 4/9, at about 1 km distance The other land uses in the area are of built up area comprising of rural settlements, contributing 1.35 % followed by water bodies contributing 0.75% and road network contributing 0.49% of the total geographical extent. The land use map of the study area is presented in Figure 4.2. The details of the landuse of transmission tower base and RoW of transmission line is provided in Error! Reference source not found.. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 41 Figure 4.2 Landuse and land cover map of study area ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 42 4.3.2 Topography The study area of substation has undulated topography, whereas study area of transmission line has mix of plain and undulating topography. The DEM map of the study area is presented in Figure 4.4. As per the DEM map, the elevation in the RoW of transmission line varies from 415 amsl to 460 asml. The average slope along the transmission line was 0.8- 0.9%. During site visit, the undulating topography of the substation site was already changed to flat land. Figure 4.3 Site levelling at substation location and topography of surrounding area Pooling substation Topography of surrounding area of substation Site levelling at pooling substation Source: ERM site visit, April 2017 ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 43 Figure 4.4 DEM map of the Study area ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 44 4.3.3 Drainage Mandsaur district drained by three rivers, namely: Chambal, Sivna and Awan for drainage. The study area has natural streams in the vicinity of the Gujarkhedi substation in the south, which discharge water into a small natural pond formed due to the topographic undulations in the area in the south of the substation. The transmission line passes through two small rain fed natural streams near AP2 and AP3 tower locations and nallah near tower location AP4, 4/3, 4/5, 4/6, 4/9, 4/11, 4/13, 4/14, 4/15, 4/16, and 5/2 (1) . Besides this, two ponds are located in Ghasoi village in vicinity of storage area for transmission line. The drainage map of the study area is shown in Figure 4.5. (1) All locations of nallah could not be viewed due to site inaccessibility. The details are provided based on information provided by RUMSL and site observations. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 45 Figure 4.5 Drainage map of the study area ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 46 4.3.4 Soil Characteristics The soils in the Mandsaur district are generally of four types (1) : • Black cotton soil: Black cotton soil is derived from weathering and disintegration of basaltic lava flow. Major parts of the district are covered by black cotton soil; • Red loamy soil: Red loamy soils consist of sandy loam to clayey loam and brick in colour. This soil is derived from Vindhyan sandstone and shales and occurring in valley portion on the plateau and adjacent to hill composed of Vindhyan sandstone. This type of soil covers a northern part of the district. • Laterite soil: Dark brown to pink coloured lateritic soil is found as capping over hillocks of basaltic terrain; • Alluvial soil: Alluvial soil is greyish yellow to brownish yellow in colour and occupy along the major rivers. 4.3.5 Climate Characteristics The climate of the district is subtropical humid characterised by hot summer and temperatures during the coldest months may fall as low as 0 °C. The average annual rainfall in Mandsaur District is 786.6 mm. The region experience four seasons: • Summer: March- June; • Monsoon: July- September; • Post monsoon: October- November; • Winter: December- February May is generally the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 39.8 ºC and the mean daily minimum at 25.4 ºC; however day temperatures in the summer can go up above 45 ºC. January is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 35 ºC and mean daily minimum at 9.30 C. Winds are predominantly West and South West during summers and monsoon and North- East during post monsoon and winter seasons. Rainfall As per the district’s website the average annual rainfall in the Mandsaur is 786.6 mm. The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours recorded at any station in the district was 323.9 mm at Garoth in 1945 June 29. The rainfall records for the duration of 2012-2015 are given in Table 4.1. (1) Source: District Ground Water Information Booklet for Mandsaur district, 2013 prepared by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), 2013 ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 47 Table 4.1 Rainfall for Mandsaur district, in mm (2012- 2015) Year/ Months 2012 2013 2014 2015 Average Jan 0 0 35.1 15.3 12.6 Feb 0 18.2 16.2 4.8 9.8 Mar 0 7.3 0 34.8 10.5 Apr 0.2 0 0 2.3 0.6 May 4 0 4.5 0 2.1 Jun 5.3 140.3 1.3 147.2 73.5 Jul 338.7 556.9 215.7 525.4 409.2 Aug 412.2 278.8 324.4 163.6 294.8 Sep 144 74.8 198.7 7.3 106.2 Oct 0 34.3 0 0 8.6 Nov 0 0 0 0 0.0 Dec 0 0 6.4 0 12.6 Total Annual 904.4 1110.6 802.3 900.7 Source: India Metrological Department, http://hydro.imd.gov.in/hydrometweb/(S(t1lwfd55dguj4g55ac2lgv55))/landing.aspx The data presented in the table above shows that the annual rainfall in Mandsaur has been showing a high degree of variation in the last four years. Further, the months of July through September experience the highest rainfall. 4.3.6 Ground Water Characteristics Ground Water Availability The study area mostly relies on groundwater for their water requirements, both domestic and agricultural. Several wells were also observed amongst agricultural fields in the study area, which are the primary source of irrigation. At some places tube wells/bore wells are also utilised for irrigation as there are very few canals in the area. Village ponds/catchments are mostly rainfed and are used for domestic purposes as washing of clothes and for domestic animals. As per the District Ground Water Information Booklet for Mandsaur district, 2013 prepared by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), two blocks in the district namely Mandsaur, and Sitamau, are categorized as ‘over-exploited’ in terms of groundwater usage and are notified blocks; two blocks of Bhanpura and Malhagarh are categorized as ‘semi critical’ and only one block of Garoth is a ‘safe’ block. The project is located in Sitamau block. As per the District Ground Water Information Booklet for Mandsaur district, 2013 prepared by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), the depth of ground water level during pre- monsoon ranges between 10- 20 meter below ground level (mbgl) and during post monsoon, ground water level ranges between 5- 10 mbgl. Ground water quality ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 48 As per the District Ground Water Information Booklet for Mandsaur district, 2013 prepared by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), following key observations were made on ground water quality of the region: • The pH in the ground water in the district was observed in range of 7.16 to 8.25; • Electrical Conductivity values were found to be in the range of 609 and 2870 S/cm; • The concentration of NO3 – exceeding 45 mg/l was reported from most of the monitoring wells. The higher concentration of NO3 – is an indicative of man-made pollution. High nitrate in the village area is appears due to excessive use of fertilizers and agriculture waste. 4.3.7 Ambient Air Quality Based on the earlier environmental baseline studies conducted by ERM in the region, the average PM10 concentration was reported in range of 77 µg/m3 to 87 µg/m3; PM2.5 was reported in range of 36 µg/m3 to 46 µg/m3; SO2 concentration was reported in range of 15 µg/m3 to 18 µg/m3; NOx was reported in range of 31 µg/m3 to 36 µg/m3 and CO in range of 414 µg/m3 to 583 µg/m3. The ambient air quality parameters were within the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards. . 4.3.8 Ambient Noise Quality Based on the earlier environmental baseline studies conducted by ERM in the region, the day time noise levels (Leq-Day) was reported in range of 40- 52 dB and night time noise levels (Leq-Night) was reported in range of 37-54 dB. The noise levels during day and night time were reported higher at some locations than Noise standards specified by the MoEF vide gazette notification dated 14th February, 2000. 4.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT- FLORA AND FAUNA 4.4.1 Floral Assessment The habitats in the study area include agricultural land, homestead plantation, open scrub, water bodies and open forest areas. The vegetation associated with these habitats are described below in Error! Reference source not found. and represented in Figure 4.6. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 49 Table 4.2 Habitats in Study Area Habitat Description Agricultural Field Crops like wheat, ground nut were observed at the fields. Dominant tree species found in the agricultural lands are Azadirachta indica, Ficus benglalensis, Mangifera indica, Ficus religiosa, Eucalyptus tereticornis Madhuca latifolia etc. The dominant shrub species are Lantana camara, Calotropis procera, Hyptis suaveolens etc. Homestead Homestead plantations mostly comprise of Azadiracta indica, Aegle marmelos, Plantation Albizia lebbeck, Butea monosperma, Cassia fistula, Albizia procera, Tectona grandis, Ficus religiosa, Carica papaya, Ficus benglalensis, Mangifera indica, Tamarindus indica, Madhuca latifolia, Acacia nilotica etc. Open scrub The open scrub vegetation in the study area includes tree species of Butea monosperma, Acacia nilotica, Cassia fistula, Tectona grandis, Prosopis cineraria, Phoenix sylvestris, along with shrubs such as Calotropis procera, Ziziphus nummularia, Ziziphus mauritiana, Lantana camara, Hyptis suaveolens etc. Herbs and grass species recorded were Argemone mexicana, Cassia tora, Chromolaena odorata, Celosia argentea etc. Open Forest Open forest areas primarily includes tree species Acacia catechu planted by the forest department. Other tree species include Butea monosperma, Azadirachta indica and Prosopis cinerarea etc. Shrub species include Ziziphus nummularia, Lantana camara, Hyptis suaveolens etc. Water Bodies Major water bodies within the study area are Ghasoi pond, Chandkheri Pond, Pond near Lakhwa etc. The Ghasoi pond was found to be full, however the other water bodies viz. Chandkheri Pond and Lakhwa ponds were found to be half filled. Aquatic macrophytes associated with these water bodies are Ipomea carnea, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Ipomoea aquatica, Alternanthera phyloxeroides etc. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 50 Figure 4.6 Habitat surveyed in the Study Area Agricultural Field in study area Open scrubland in study area Ghasoi Pond Open Forest in study area Bindni Dam Chandkheri Pond Source: Site and surrounding areas survey by ERM during 11-14 April 2017 Trees within the transmission line corridor The average distance between the conductors of the transmission line would be 35 metres. Additionally, a buffer of 4.5 m is kept on both sides. Hence a transmission line corridor is considered to be approximately 45 m. Species found within the transmission line corridor are Prosopis cinerarea, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Ailanthus excelsa, Albizia procera, Madhuca latifolia, Eucalyptus tereticornis etc. It was revealed though discussion with MPPTCL that a buffer height of 4.5 m is to be maintained from the lowest cable and any object that is grounded (tree etc.). No IUCN threatened tree species was observed within the transmission line corridor. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 51 4.4.2 Faunal Assessment Amphibians A total of two (02) species Common Indian Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) and Indian Pond Frog (Euphlyctis hexadactylus) belonging to 2 families were observed during the current study from the study area. None of the species bear any conservational significance. The details of the species are given in Annex C. Reptiles A total of Nine (9) species belonging to 7 families were observed or reported (1) from the study area. Indian monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis) is listed in Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The reported snake species viz. Spectacled cobra (Naja naja), Checkered Keelback (Xenochropis piscator), Common Indian Krait (Bungarus fasciatus), Indian Rat snake (Ptyas mucosus), and Russell’s Viper (Daboia russelii) are listed as Schedule II species in Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. All the reptile species observed/reported from the study area are Least Concern as per IUCN list (IUCN (ver. 2017-1) The details of reptiles are given in Annex C. Avifauna A total of 56 species of birds belonging to 34 families were recorded during the current survey from the study area. One endangered species viz. Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), one vulnerable species viz. Sarus Crane (Antigone antigone) and two Near Threatened species namely Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala) and Black Tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) were recorded from the study area (as per IUCN ver. 2017-1) during the ERM primary survey for the current project. A total of 6 species namely Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Black Winged Kite (Elanus caeruleus), Shikra (Accipiter badius), Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), Short-toed Snake Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) were listed under Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, and are thus protected from killing and hunting. Six migratory species were recorded from the study area during the current survey. Sixteen species of aquatic bird species were observed in the large waterbodies viz. Ghasoi pond, Chandkheri pond, Bindni Dam and pond near Lakhwa. 1 species viz. Egyptian vulture is listed under Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)2 (1) Forest Working Plan, Mandsaur Division; Community Consultation 2 Appendix I – Endangered migratory species Appendix I comprises migratory species that have been assessed as being in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range. The Conference of the Parties has further interpreted the term “endangered” as meaning “facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future”. It is in general correspondence between the term ‘endangered’ as defined within CMS and the IUCN Red List Criteria (Version 3.1). Parties that are a Range State to a ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 52 and 7 species are listed under Appendix II Identified avifaunal species from the study area is shown in Figure 4.7 Error! Reference source not found. and the detailed list provided in Annex C. A total of 85 species of birds belonging to 41 families were recorded by ERM during this study and other studies conducted in the area as detailed in Annex C. The studies included recording of one endangered species viz. Egyptian Vulture, three vulnerable species viz. Woolly Necked Stork (Ciconia episcopus); Common Pochard (Aythya fuligula) and Sarus Crane and four Near Threatened species namely Painted Stork, Bar Tailed Godwit, Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) and River Tern (Sterna aurentia). Eight Schedule I species viz. Black Kite, Black Winged Kite, Shikra, Egyptian Vulture, Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Indian peafowl, Indian Grey Hornbill (Ocyceros birostris), Short- toed Snake Eagle were recorded.Twenty five migratory species was recorded from the study area. 34 species of aquatic bird species were observed in the large water areas. Egyptian vulture is listed under Appendix I and 23 species are listed under Appendix II of CMS. Figure 4.7 Avifaunal Species observed within the Study Area Long Tailed Shrike (spotted near tower 4/6) Black Winged Stilt (spotted in Ghasoi pond) migratory species listed in Appendix I shall endeavour to strictly protect them by: prohibiting the taking of such species, with very restricted scope for exceptions; conserving and where appropriate restoring their habitats; preventing, removing or mitigating obstacles to their migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them. Appendix II - Migratory species conserved through Agreements Appendix II covers migratory species that have an unfavourable conservation status and that require international agreements for their conservation and management, as well as those that have a conservation status which would significantly benefit from the international cooperation that could be achieved by an international agreement. The Convention encourages the Range States to species listed on Appendix II to conclude global or regional Agreements for the conservation and management of individual species or groups of related species. In this respect, CMS acts as a framework convention from which separate instruments evolve. The Agreements may vary from legally binding treaties (the Agreements in the proper sense) to less formal instruments, such as Memoranda of Understanding, Action Plans or Species Initiatives, covering to the extent possible the entire migratory range of the species concerned. The development of instruments tailored according to the conservation needs of species and adapted to the requirements of particular regions is a unique capacity of CMS. Appendices I and II may be amended at any meeting of the Conference of the Parties. Amendments consist of migratory species or their populations being added to or removed from the Appendices. Resolution 11.33 provides guidelines for assessing proposals for the amendment of the Appendices. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 53 Yellow Wattled Lapwing (spotted near Large Grey Babbler (spotted near tower tower 4/17) 4/13) Ashy Prinia (near tower 4/13) Rufous Tailed Lark (spotted near Ghasoi) Green Bee Eater (spotted near Ghasoi pond) Green Sandpiper (spotted near Ghasoi pond) Sarus Crane (spotted in Chandkheri pond) Asian Openbill (spotted near Runija village) ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 54 Pied Kingfisher (spotted near Runija village) Painted Stork (spotted near Ghasoi pond) Egyptian Vulture (spotted in Chandkheri Yellow Wagtail (spotted in Ghasoi pond) pond) Black Tailed Godwit (spotted in Chandkheri Black Winged Kite (spotted near Ghasoi pond) village) Black Stork, Asian Open Bill, Ruddy Shellduck (spotted in Bindni Dam) Source: Site and surrounding areas survey by ERM during 11-14 April 2017 ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 55 Mammals A total of 13 species belonging to 9 families were observed/ reported from the study area. No threatened mammalian species as per IUCN (ver. 2017-1) were observed/reported from the study area. One Schedule I species as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 viz. Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennettii) was reported from the area. Two species of bats viz. Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus) and Greater Mouse Tailed Bat (Rhinopoma microphyllum) were recorded from the study area. A list of species observed/reported from the study area is given in Annex C and few photographs of mammals observed in the study area is shown in Figure 4.8. Figure 4.8 Mammalian Species observed within the Study Area Nilgai (spotted near Tower 4/17) Jackal (near Chandkheri pond) Northern Plains Grey Langur (near Ghasoi pond) Source: Site and surrounding areas survey by ERM during 11-14 April 2017 4.4.3 Protected Areas As shown in Figure 4.9 the closest protected area near the project site is (1): • Gandhisagar Wildlife Sanctuary – approximately 36 km north west of transmission line. (1) Birds of India: Location of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India - http://www.kolkatabirds.com/sanctuaries3.htm ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 56 Figure 4.9 Protected Areas in Madhya Pradesh Source: http://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/Maps_PAs_1267.aspx with project study area marked by a red dot. IBA Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary and Reservoir (IBA Code-IN-MP-06, IBA Criteria (A4i- 1% biogeographic population), A4iii ( 20,000 water birds) is at a distance of 40 km North West of Project site. Gandhi Sagar reservoir attracts a large number of migratory and non-migratory birds throughout the year. This reservoir qualifies for A4iii criteria, i.e. congregation of 20,000 or more water birds. There are reports of Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus) (Vulnerable, IUCN 2017-1) and flamingoes Phoenicopterus spp (the greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) is LC, IUCN 2017-1 and the lesser flamingo (Phoenicopterus minor) is NT, IUCN 2017-1. As the water expanse of this reservoir is very large and difficult to assess, the number and species composition of other waterfowl is also not known, but many would easily cross the 1% population threshold. 4.4.4 Migratory Routes The Central Asian flyway covers the entire Indian mainland. The available migratory routes passing through India is provided in Figure 4.10. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 57 Figure 4.10 Map showing estimated migration routes for Anatidae species in the Central Asian Flyway Estimated migration routes of Anatidae in the Central Asian Flyway (CAF). Relative use for CAF is displayed in yellow-red. From darkest to lightest, colors represent 50%, 75% and 99% cumulative probability contours. CAF marking sites include Terkiin Tsagaan Lake, Mongolia (TT), Qinghai Lake, China (QL), Chitwan National Park, Nepal (CP), Pong Dam, India (PD), Keoladeo National Park, India (KP), Brahmaputra River, India (BR), Hakaluki Haor, Bangladesh (HH), West Bengal, India (WB), Chilika Lake, India (CL) and Koonthankulam, India (KT). Dotted yellow line represents the CAF flyway outline. Source: Palm, Eric C., Scott H. Newman, Diann J. Prosser, Xiangming Xiao, Luo Ze, Nyambayar Batbayar, Sivananinthaperumal Balachandran, and John Y. Takekawa. "Mapping migratory flyways in Asia using dynamic Brownian bridge movement models." Movement ecology 3, no. 1 (2015): 3. 4.4.5 Critical Habitat Assessment IFC Guidance Notes (GN57) for PS-6 defines that internationally and/or nationally recognized areas of high biodiversity value will likely qualify as Critical Habitat (CH), which includes Important Bird Areas (IBA). As the site is in proximity to the Gandhisagar Sanctuary and Reservoir which is an IBA, there is a need to asses if the biodiversity value of the area can possibly trigger any Critical Habitats criteria. Critical Habitat Triggers Critical habitat is defined under IFC PS6. Critical habitats are areas with: high biodiversity value, including; ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 58 (i) habitat of significant importance to Critically Endangered and/or Endangered species; (ii) habitat of significant importance to endemic and/or restricted range species; (iii) habitat supporting globally significant concentrations of migratory species and/or congregatory species; (iv) highly threatened and/or unique ecosystems; and/or (v) areas associated with key evolutionary processes “ Assessment for Critical Habitat is undertaken as a screening process against the criteria defined within the IFC PS 6 Guidance Note. Criterion relevant for triggering the CHA as per IFC PS-6 is presented in Annex A. As per the Criteria the candidate Critical Habitat species are; 1. Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), IUCN Endangered species (Criteria 1 Tier 2c and e) and 2. 23 migratory avifaunal species recorded from the area (Criteria 3 Tier 2b). The project area lies 36 km south east of the Gandhisagar IBA. As aquatic birds which characterize the IBA are very likely to visit water bodies and other habitats (such as agricultural lands) in the vicinity of the transmission line, the area of influence of the transmission line and the IBA are considered one integrated Discrete Management Unit (DMU). The CHA presented in Table 4.3 uses this delineation of the DMU. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 59 Table 4.3 Candidate Critical Habitat Species (Criteria 1-3) and Assessment Scientific Name Common Name Species Information CH Rationale Criterion 1 Criterion 2 Criterion 3 Listing IUCN Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture EN X Estimated Numbers Mature Individuals: 13000-41000 mature The species has a individuals wide distribution and fair abundance Distribution Map and thereby does not The species occupies a large range. The bulk of the resident trigger Criteria 1 Tier population occurs in Ethiopia and East Africa, Arabia and the 2 c or e. The DMU Indian Subcontinent defined above does not hold regionally or nationally important populations of the species. Citation: BirdLife International. 2016. Neophron percnopterus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22695180A90559652. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016- 3.RLTS.T22695180A90559652.en. Downloaded on 28 April 2017 Anser indicus, Aythya ferina, Anas Bar-headed Goose, VU/ X - The DMU is not crecca, Anser anser, Anas acuta, Common Pochard, NT/ likely to hold Anas clypeata, Netta rufina, Common Teal, LC between 1 and 95% Tadorna ferruginea, Aythya Greylag Goose, of the global fuligula, Charadrius alexandrines, Northern Pintail, populations of any of Ciconia nigra, Falco tinnunculus, Northern Shoveler, these 23 migratory Strena aurantia, Chroicocephalus Red-crested Pochard, avian species and ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 60 Scientific Name Common Name Species Information CH Rationale Criterion 1 Criterion 2 Criterion 3 Listing IUCN brunnicephalus, Motacilla flava, Ruddy Shelduck, therefore does not Motacilla alba, Saxicola torquatus, Tufted Duck, Kentish trigger Criteria 3 Tier Himantopus himantopus, Tringa Plover, Black Stork, 2b ochropus, Actitis hypoleucos, Common Kestrel, Numenius arquata, Calidris River Tern, Brown minuta, Limosa lapponica Headed Gull, Yellow Wagtail, White Wagtail, Common Stonechat, Black Winged Stilt, Green Sandpiper, Common Sandpiper, Eurasian Curlew, Little stint, Black tailed Godwit, ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 61 4.5 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE OF THE STUDY AREA This section provides an understanding of the socio-economic profile of the study area for the project. 4.5.1 State Profile: Madhya Pradesh The state of Madhya Pradesh administers 3,08,252 sq. km. of area which is 9.37% of the total geographical area of the country and its accounts for 6% population of India. The state is divided into 51 districts, 364 Tehsils, 313 development Blocks and 52,117 populated villages. The state comprises of a population of 72,626,809 individuals, which is pre- dominantly rural, forming 72.37% of the total population. The proportion of ST population in the state is 21.1%, and SC population is 15.6%. The decadal population growth has reduced from 24.34% during 1991-2001 to 20.35% during 2001 to 2011. The sex ratio in the state is 931, which is lower than the sex ratio of India, being 940 females per 1000 males. The population density of Madhya Pradesh is 236 persons/sq. km., which is considerably lower in comparison to that of the country (382 persons/ sq.km) especially for a state with second largest geographical area in the country. Table 4.4 Madhya Pradesh Demographic Profile Attribute Number % of India Area (sq. km) 3,08,252 9.37 Total population 7,26,26,809 6.0 Males 3,76,12,306 6.03 Females 3,50,14,503 5.97 Sex ratio 931 NA Percentage of rural Population 72.37 NA Percentage of urban population 25.63 NA Population density 236 NA Percentage of SC population 15.6 NA Percentage of ST population 21.1 NA Total literacy rate 69.32 NA Male Literacy rate 78.73 NA Female Literacy Rate 54.49 NA Rural Literacy 63.94 NA Source: Census of India, 2011 data The literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh is nearly 70% (of which the rural literacy stands at 63.94%) which is slightly lower than that of the country, at 74.04%. The male literacy rate is relatively higher, at 78.73% while the female literacy rate is 54.49% which is quite low when compared to the national female literacy rate of 65.46%. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 62 4.5.2 District Profile: Mandsaur The Mandsaur District and covers an area of 5535 sq. km, which forms 1.7% of the total area of Madhya Pradesh1. The district is divided into 4 Development Blocks, head-quartered at Mandsaur, Malhagarh, Sitamau and Garoth. In addition, there are 8 tehsils in the district, namely, Mandsaur, Malhagarh, Garoth, Shamgarh, Dalauda, Bhanpura, Suwasra and Sitamau.2 The population of Mandsaur is 13,40,411 individuals, which accounts for 1.84% population of Madhya Pradesh. The population growth over the decade has been 13.24%, which has significantly reduced from the population growth of last decade (23.70%). Rural population forms the majority in the district, with 79.29% living in the villages. Table 4.5 Mandsaur district Demographic Profile vis-à-vis Madhya Pradesh Attribute Mandsaur District Population 1,340,411 Population Density 242 % of SC population 18.6 % of ST population 2.5 Sex Ratio 963 % total literacy rate 71.8 % female literacy rate 57.9 % rural population 79.29 Source: Census of India 2011 data The population density has increased to 242 persons/sq. km from 214 persons /sq. km in the last decade. The Scheduled Caste people form 18.6% population of Mandsaur, while the proportion of Scheduled Tribe population is quite low at 2.5%, when compared to the state. The sex ratio of the district, at 963, is quite higher than the state figure of 931 and the country’s sex ratio of 940 females per thousand males. However, the child sex ratio in 2011 has reduced to 927 girls per 1000 boys from 946 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data. The status of literacy in the district also reflects a slightly better scenario than that of the state. The total literacy rate of the district is 71.8%, while the female literacy rate is 57.9%, against the state figures of 69.32% and 54.49% respectively. 4.5.3 Study Area Profile The study area, as defined in Section 4.1, is comprised of five villages, namely Runija, Ghasoi, Bharpur, Masudi and Gujarkhedi of the Suwasara tehsil. Of these villages, Gujarkhedi is an abandoned village, with no population. The following sub sections provide the socio-economic of the study area. 1 http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/300-mandsaur.html 2 http://www.mandsaur.nic.in/overview.htm ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 63 Demographic Profile As can be seen in the following table, the study area is characterised by a total population of 9805 individuals in 2230 households. Amongst the villages in the study area, the village Runuja (project footprint) has the highest population of 4943 individuals. Table 4.6 Demographic Profile of the Study Area Area Name Area No. of Total Average Pop Sex % of (Ha) HHs Pop HH size Density ( Ratio population person per below 6 sq kms) years of age Runija 2290.4 1063 4943 4.65 215.81 941 15 Gujarkhedi 626 0 0 NA NA NA NA Bharpur 535.4 244 1111 4.55 207.51 896 14 Ghasoi 1831 798 3225 4.04 176.13 900 14 Masudi 235.6 125 526 4.21 223.26 985 9 Total 5518.4 2230 9805 4.40 177.68 924 14 Source: Census 2011 data * Sex Ratio is in number of women per thousand men population. The average household size in the study area is 4.4 individuals per household. The study area has an average sex ratio of 924 females per thousand males, which is lower than that of the district and the state. This can also be seen in the sex ratio within the population below 6 years of age, with the study area having a sex ratio of 914 females per thousand males. The probable reason for the trend can be attributed to higher infant mortality rates among girls or cultural preference of a particular sex leading to sex selective abortions, which causes an imbalance in the gender composition in the region and the country, at large. Social Stratification As can be seen in the above table, the study area is characterised by Scheduled Caste (SC) representation of approximately 27.30% and a negligible Scheduled Tribe (ST) population. Table 4.7 Proportion of SC and ST Population Total SC Total ST Village Total Populatio % of SC Populatio % of ST Name Population n Population n Population Runija 4943 1275 25.79 1 0.02 Bharpur 1111 262 23.58 0 0 Ghasoi 3225 963 29.86 0 0 Masudi 526 177 33.65 0 0 Total 9805 2677 27.30 1 0.01 Source: Census 2011 data The dominant religion in the study area is Hinduism, with 90-100% of the households being reported as Hindus during the consultations. The other religion in the area is Islam, which has a negligible presence in the area. The main sub castes in the study area are Rajputs, Sondhiya Thakur, Balai, ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 64 Brahmins, Sutar, Chamar, Bagri, Nayi and Harijans. According to the discussions with the local community, the different groups do not differ drastically in terms of social practices or livelihood patterns. Gender Profile The differences in literacy rate between men and women at the Mandsaur District and State level are already discussed above. Consultations with women suggest that early marriage and child marriage, minimal participation of women in household or economic decision making, preference for male child, lesser economic freedom, etc., are entrenched in the social system. The women are primarily responsible for household chores and additionally take up income generating activities such as agricultural or construction labourers. However, they are perceived to be less efficient than their male counterparts and consequentially are paid lesser wages. The women lack direct access to bank accounts and their wages are collected and managed by their husbands. Furthermore, the women are also responsible for fetching fuelwood and water, where they need to travel a distance is up to 2 km from their residence. Education and Literacy The villages in AoI is have a literacy rate of 56.97 %, which is significantly lower than the literacy rates of the State and District, 69.32% and 71.8% respectively. Table 4.8 Literacy Rate in Study Area Literacy Rate in Female Literacy in Total % of Total Male Literacy in % % of Female Village Name Population Population of Male Population Population Runija 4943 59.05 71.14 46.20 Bharpur 1111 51.04 62.97 37.71 Ghasoi 3225 57.49 69.00 44.70 Masudi 526 46.77 61.13 32.18 Total 9805 56.97 68.97 43.99 Source: Census 2011 data Of this, the male literacy rate (68.97%) is higher than the female literacy rate (43.99%). Land Ownership The study area is characterised by an agrarian economy and a dominant land use of agriculture. In terms of agricultural land holdings, study area has small land holdings, with all the villages having less than 2 ha per household. While most households are reported to have small land holdings (less than 1 Ha), some households (Rajput and other higher castes) are reported to have larger land holdings (10 Ha and more). ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 65 Table 4.9 Land Holdings Sizes in the Study Area Area Name Agricultral Land (Ha) No. of HHs Average Land holding Sizes (Ha) Runija 1306.59 1063 1.23 Gujar Khedi 626 0 0 Bharpur 535.4 244 0.46 Ghasoi 1122.6 798 1.41 Total 3590.59 2105 0.774 Source: Census 2011 data Livelihood Profile The study area is characterised by a Worker Participation Ratio1 (WPR) of 46.36%. Of the population, the male WPR is higher at 55.29%, while the female WPR is 34.90%. The reason behind low female WPR is due to the overall status of females in the study area & the defined gendered division of labour. Due to this traditional division of labour, women are mostly engaged in unpaid economic/domestic work such as taking care of the livestock, family and other domestic work. Table 4.10 Proportion and Break up of Working Population in the Study Area Village Name Total Total Pop Male Female Main Marginal Populati WPR WPR WPR Worker % Worker % on Runija 4943 42.97 55.67 29.47 80.93 19.07 Bharpur 1111 46.45 53.57 33.27 88.01 11.99 Ghasoi 3225 49.67 56.63 41.95 40.39 59.61 Total 9279 46.36 55.29 34.90 69.78 30.22 Source: Census 2011 data Of the total working population, 69.78% is comprised of main working population (engaged in an economic activity for more than 180 days in a year). Of the main working population, majority (81%) are reported to be engaged in farm based activities, including those working as cultivators and agricultural labourers. Apart from this, 18% are engaged in ‘Other’ activities which comprise of non-farm based activities including construction labourers, small businesses and service sector etc. Farm Based livelihood The farm based activities in the villages within AoI comprise of agriculture, agricultural labour and livestock rearing. The primary crops in the region are Maize, Pulses (Urad, Moong,) and Soybean amongst Kharif crops (monsoon crops from July/August to September/October) and Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Coriander, Fenugreek, Onion, Tomatoes, Chillies, Fenugreek and Linseed being the Rabi crops (winter crops from November to April/May). In addition, the people also cultivate vegetables like eggplant, cauliflower, cabbage, turnip, carrot, cucumber and garlic. 1 Work Participation Ratio is defined as the percentage of total workers (main and marginal workers) to total population ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 66 Table 4.11 Productivity and related costing of major crops in Study Area Crop Agricultural Costing per Production Price per Proceeds Season Ha quintal from 1 Ha land Soybean June-October Rs. 20,000- 12-20 3000-4000 36,000-80,000 24,000 quintals Wheat November-April Rs. 16,000- 32-60 1100-1500 35,200-90,000 40,000 quintals Maize June-October 40 quintals Pulses June-October 12-16 quintals Tomatoes June-September 100,000 4,00,000 Oranges 3 years with mixed 200,000 1,00,000- cropping + 2 years 4,00,000 as the sole crop Source: Community Consultations undertaken by ERM India Note: 1 bigha= 0.25 ha Figure 4.11 Production and Productivity of Major Crops in Mandsaur district: 2004 - 2008 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Soybean Maize Wheat Mustard Gram Production ('000t) 189 48 135 34 32 Productivity (Kg/ha) 722 1374 2970 1000 800 Source: Agricultural Contingency Plan, 2012, Mandsaur District The farming household retain a part (varies according to seasons, economic situation of family and crop grown) of the crop produce for self-consumption while the excess is sold in Shamgarh and Garoth Mandis (local markets at the village or gram panchayat level), which are the nearest from most villages. The share-cropping system of agriculture, where pre-decided proportions of the produce are divided amongst the owner and the cultivator is also prevalent. In addition, the agricultural labourers working on the fields receive a part of the wheat produce in addition to their wages. The agriculture in villages under AoI area mostly relies primarily on monsoon. Several wells were also observed in agricultural fields in the area which are the source of irrigation. At some places tube wells/bore wells are also utilised for irrigation as there are very few canals in the area. Village ponds/catchments are used for domestic purposes and to meet the water requirement of their domestic animals. In addition to agriculture, livestock holdings play an important part in the livelihoods of the community, in terms of providing extra income in addition to meeting the nutritional demand of the household. The main livestock in the ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 67 area comprise of cattle, buffaloes, goats and sheep. . The estimated number of livestock heads in the Mandsaur District is as given in the table below. Table 4.12 Livestock Heads in Mandsaur District Type Number Poultry 33308 Bovine 521515 Exotic/Cross Breed Cattle 51231 Indigenous Cattle 297072 buffalo 224443 Sheep 10181 Goats 182244 Pigs 4267 Source: 19th Livestock Census 2012 Some of the households are reported to be engaged in the sale of surplus buffalo milk & Cow milk to the neighbouring villages. It is reported by the local community that each household engaging in sale of milk earns approximately 1500-2000 INR per month (INR 30 per litre). Non-Farm Based livelihood The non-farm based livelihoods in the study area primarily comprise of casual labour involved in construction activities in nearby villages and in urban centres of Shamgarh and Suwasara. These livelihoods act as a supplementary source of income to the families in the area, with the households relying on this income to buffer against the fluctuations in income from agriculture and to provide sustenance during the non-cultivation periods (summer). During the consultations, the respondents also reported migration of people, either alone or with family, to the cities of Jaipur, Jodhpur, etc., during the agriculture lean periods. Water Supply and Sanitation The villages in AoI were noticed to have poor sanitation facilities with open drains and varying water availability which becomes troublesome during the summer months of April to June. According to census of India 2011 data & consultation with the community, the main sources of water were uncovered wells, hand pumps and tube wells or bore wells. However, majority of households have recently installed piped water. Health Facilities and Health Seeking Behaviour The population is primarily dependent upon the health facilities in the urban centres of Shamgarh and Suwasara for any serious illness or specialized medical advice. The Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) guides the women of the villages regularly and there is a high adoption of institutional deliveries in the area, with the provision of Ambulance in the village to facilitate commutation of women to Government hospital at the time of delivery. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 68 5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS 5.1 INTRODUCTION This section assesses the manner in which the Project will interact with elements of the physical, biological or social environment to produce impacts to resources/ receptors. It has been organized as per the various phases of the project life cycle to understand the risks and impacts associated with each phase. 5.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY The ESMF for Solar Park (Feb 2017) states that sub-projects shall be appraised based on a step-by-step process beginning with screening stage. The overall process as depicted in the ESMF is reproduced here. Figure 5.1 Impact Assessment Process Site Selection for the Project (Transmission Line and Pooling Substation) Social and Environmental Screening and Scoping Key Environmental and Social Features Significance based on likely impacts Defining the scope of the Environmental and Social Assessment Study Identification of Environmental and Social Impacts Impact on Physical Impact on Biological Impact on Human/Social Environment Environment Environment Environmental and Social Management Plan Institutional Arrangements for Implementation Environmental Grievance Redressal Resettlement Action Plan Management Plan Mechanism Source: ESMF process as per ESMF for Solar Park, Feb 2017, page-27. However, as this ESIA study commenced while part of the project (defined as Phase-I in this report) was already constructed, it was not possible to follow the process mentioned above in the exact sense. Hence, taking a practical and feasible approach, this ESIA study has evaluated a range of planning and construction stage impacts in a retrospective effect and recommended mitigation measures to retrofit the project to the ESMF to the extent possible. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 69 This section describes the impact assessment steps and methodology followed in this report which complies to the impact identification process and methodology (Section-4) of the ESMF for Solar Park. Specific adaptations required to retrofit the impact assessment for the completed activities (planning and part of the construction activities) are also described in this section. 5.2.1 Screening and Scoping This step involved review of the available environmental and social information about the project and its surrounding areas. ERM referred the ESDD Report (Dec 2016) by KnightFrank for the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park. It helped in identifying issues for verification during reconnaissance site visit. The basic project details were collected from RUMSL such as the location of the sub-station, land requirement; land allocation process, alignment of the transmission line. The screening checklist provided in ESMF for Solar Park (page 28) was used to identify relevant components to be investigated in detail during evaluation stage. The results of this preliminary screening are provided in table below. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 70 Table 5.1 Screening for Impacts Environmental Status/Availability in and around site ( Potential Impacts/ Impacts Occured Remarks/ Description and Social study area) features Physical Environment Landuse and • In general, the landuse of the study area • Permanent change in land use at Tower • Retrospective Assessment as the landuse land cover is agricultural land and scrub land; locations and pooling substation; for substation and transmission tower • Landuse of transmission towers is mostly • Limited change in landuse of the RoW locations is already changed. agricultural land; of Transmission line in form of • Area for transmission tower is 144 sqm; restrictions on activities such as • Landuse of RoW of transmission line growing of large trees; includes agricultural and non agricultural land; • Pooling substation has barren landuse. Topography • Study area of substation earlier had • Impact on topography of pooling • Retrospective Assessment as the site undulated topography whereas study substation due to site levelling. levelling at substation and change in area of transmission line has mix of plain topography was already done. and undulating topography. Soil • Soil in the area is deep medium black • Removal of top soil at tower • Retrospective Assessment as the impact soil; foundations lead to loss of good on soil during foundation activities was • No major anthropogenic activities are quality soil; already happened; carried out in the area which may lead to • Erosion of loose soil especially during • The improper sewage disposal was soil contamination. windy periods; carried out at labour camps. • Generation of construction debris; • Prospective assessment for remaining • Impact on soil and land environment tower erection and stringing activities due to improper management of and operation phase domestic solid waste generated; • Improper storage and handling of hazardous materials (e.g., fuel and lubricant); • Waste generated from operation of construction equipment and machinery and their maintenance leading to soil contamination due to leaks/ spillage; • Generation of hazardous waste during operation of substation. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 71 Environmental Status/Availability in and around site ( Potential Impacts/ Impacts Occured Remarks/ Description and Social study area) features Water • The project site falls under Mandsaur • Stress on local water resources due to • Retrospective Assessment as the water Resources and Block which is categorized as “over water requirement for the foundation extensive activities (foundation work) Quality exploited” by CGWB; activities, labour camp; was already completed at substation and • Village ponds/catchments are mostly • Improper disposal of sewage at labour tower locations. rainfed and are used for domestic camp may lead to surface water purposes as washing of clothes and for contamination due to; domestic animals. • Impact on surface water quality due to runoff from storage area for transmission line during monsoon. • Soil erosion and sediment transport to Nallah and seasonal drainages at tower locations. Drainage • Study area has dendritic drainage • The natural drainage pattern at • Retrospective Assessment as drainage pattern; substation had changed due to site pattern at substation had already • Transmission line passing through levelling. changed. nallahs and canals; Ambient Air • Based on earlier studies conducted by • Dust emissions due to movement of • The substation area is already Quality ERM in the area, ambient air quality machinery and vehicles; experiencing change in ambient air parameters (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX) were • Fugitive dust emissions due to site quality due to development of Neemuch- within the prescribed CPCB limits. clearance activities, excavation and Mandsaur Solar park in surroundings. back filling activities etc.; • The impact due to increased dust • Air emissions due to operations of DG emissions associated with foundation sets. activities is already happened in the surroundings. • Prospective assessment for remaining tower erection and stringing activities . Ambient Noise • Based on earlier studies conducted by • Noise generation due to movement of • The substation area is already Quality ERM in the area, the noise levels during vehicles and heavy earth moving experiencing increased noise levels due to day and night time was reported higher machineries; development of Neemuch-Mandsaur at some locations than CPCB prescribed • Noise from rock drilling and breaking Solar park in surroundings. limits. at select tower locations; • The impact due to increased noise levels • Generation of noise during operation associated with foundation activities is of DG Set. already happened in the surroundings. • Prospective assessment for remaining tower erection and stringing activities and operation phase ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 72 Environmental Status/Availability in and around site ( Potential Impacts/ Impacts Occured Remarks/ Description and Social study area) features Biological Environment Ecology • Habitats in the study area include • Removal of vegetation causing impact • Retrospective Assessment for vegetation agricultural land, homestead plantation, on ecology of the area; clearance as it was completed at tower open scrub, water bodies and open forest • Habitat destruction during temporary locations and substation. areas. laying of wires adjacent to the RoW of • Prospective assessment for remaining • Two species of amphibians, nine species transmission lines; tower erection and stringing activities of reptiles, 56 species of birds and 13 • Collision and electrocution risks to and operation phase species of mammals were avifauna during operational phases. recorded/reported from the study area • Electrocution risks to mammals during during site visit operational phases. • One Schedule I reptile, 6 birds and one mammals recorded from the study area • One endangered species viz. Egyptian Vulture, and one vulnerable species viz. Sarus Crane were recorded during primary survey Occupational • -- • Occupational health hazards due to • Retrospective Assessment for foundation health and dust and noise pollution; activities as it was completed; safety • Exposure to noise during drilling and • Prospective assessment for remaining breaking; tower erection and stringing activities • Safety risk due to wrong handling of and operation phase construction machinery, working at height, during stringing and tower erection; • Exposure of workers to Electromagnetic field (EMF) while working in proximity to charged electric power lines during operation and maintenance. Social Environment Demographics • The study area is comprised of five • Influx of people for employment • Retrospective Assessment as the influx of villages and a total population of 9805 opportunity. labour for the project activities has individuals ; • Presence of migrant labour population already taken place • The number of migrant workers is 25, • Potential for social conflict and unrest which constitutes 0.25% of the due to conflict of local community with population in the area; labourers ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 73 Environmental Status/Availability in and around site ( Potential Impacts/ Impacts Occured Remarks/ Description and Social study area) features • Similarly, during the operations phase, 25-30 individuals are expected to be employed, most of which will be migrant workers. • The main sub castes in the study area are Rajputs, Sondhiya Thakur, Balai, Brahmins, Sutar, Chamar, Bagri, Nayi and Harijans. Economy and • The existing livelihood profile in the • Creation of job opportunities due to • Retrospective Assessment a significant Employment study area is characterized dominantly project; portion of construction activities for by a dependence on farm based • Indirect impact on local economy transmission line and Neemuch- livelihoods, namely, agriculture, with through development of secondary Mandsaur Solar park are near completion 81% of the main working population facilities. being employed in agriculture • In comparison 18% of the main working population is engaged in ‘other’ activities, which comprise of non-farm based activities including construction labourers, small businesses and service sector etc. Land based • • Impacts on livelihood due to the • Retrospective Assessment for Livelihood project are likely to result from the loss construction phase as tower foundation of access (temporary and permanent) and erection activities have been to parcels of land due to transmission completed for transmission line and tower erection activities. construction for Neemuch-Mandsaur • Erection of transmission tower and the Solar park and PSS is near completion RoW of the transmission line for Phase • Prospective assessment for operations I will result in an impact on 27 land phase owners. • While the RoW and construction of towers is not likely to result in landlessness or physical displacement, it will result in crop losses during foundation, erection and stringing activities and a portion of the land being unavailable for cultivation. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 74 Environmental Status/Availability in and around site ( Potential Impacts/ Impacts Occured Remarks/ Description and Social study area) features Loss of CPRs • The Gujarkhedi pooling station is located • The construction of the pooling station • Retrospective Assessment as construction and Access on government land. According to the and substation would result in the loss for Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park and Rights discussions undertaken with the local of access to these land parcels and PSS is near completion community and land owners, this land would result in a reduction of grazing was used by the local community for land available. grazing of livestock. Community • -The area has road network of village • Transportation of tower components, • Retrospective Assessment as tower health and roads and cart tracks; other construction materials and foundation and erection activities have safety • 13 tower locations are accessed through increased vehicular movement will been completed for transmission line and existing road network whereas remaining lead to traffic hazards for community construction for Neemuch-Mandsaur 16 tower locations were accessed through residing close to the access roads; Solar park and PSS is near completion agricultural field and compensation was • Damage to access roads; • Prospective assessment for operations paid for the crop damage; • Electromagnetic pulses during phase • operation phase may impact the surrounding community. Labour • According to the information available, • The key potential impacts in terms of • Retrospective Assessment for Welfare the peak labour utilization in the labour welfare include the following: construction phase as tower foundation construction phase of Phase is 150-200. o Occupational Health and Safety and erection activities have been • The present labour strength involved in o Access to resources such as water, completed for transmission line and the project is 82; sanitation, cooking fuel etc.; construction for Neemuch-Mandsaur • These labourers are comprised of both o Conflict with local community Solar park and PSS is near completion local and migrant workers. The migrant • Timely payment of wages and other • Prospective assessment for operations workers are presently residing in make labour compliances. phase shift camps in the pooling station and near the tower construction activities. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 75 5.2.2 Identification of Impacts In addition to the screening checklist, various project features and activities that could reasonably act as a source of impact were identified, and these have been listed down the vertical axis of a potential interactions matrix. The resources/receptors in the environment have been listed across the horizontal axis of the matrix. Entries in the matrix cells are coloured to indicate whether: • An interaction is not reasonably expected (white); • An interaction is reasonably possible and the resulting impacts are likely to lead to insignificant impacts(grey); or • The interaction is reasonably possible and at least one of the resulting impacts is likely to lead to significant impacts (black). Those cells that are coloured white and grey are ‘scoped out’ for further consideration in the impact assessment process. Those interactions that are shaded black are retained for detail evaluation in the impact assessment. The details of various interactions are given in Activity-Resource/Receptor interaction matrix provided in Error! Reference source not found.Error! Reference source not found.. The project activities which were completed or approaching completion when this ESIA study commenced, are mentioned in RED font. Due to this, one expects that impacts linked to them have already taken place. ERM noted these as ‘impacts’ to keep them distinct from the range of ‘potential impacts’ linked to the remaining planned activities under this project. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 76 Table 5.2 Interaction Matrix of Project Activities and Key Environment and Social Receptors for Identification of Potential Impacts Physical Environment Flora- Fauna Socioeconomic Environment Environmental and Occupational Health and Terrestrial fauna-reptiles Social Infrastructure and Community Health and Ambient Noise Quality Social Demography ( Influx ) Livelihoods/Economic Electromagnetic Field Water Resources and Ambient Air Quality Culture and heritage Resources/ Receptors Land use and Land Specific Impacts on Local Economy and Property Resources Visual / Aesthetics Avifaunal Species Natural /Common Soil Environment Terrestrial Flora Terestrial fauna- Labor Welfare Displacement Employment Land based mammals Services Women Quality Traffic Safety Safety Cover Project Phase and Activity Project Designing Phase Site Survey Project designing and planning Land compensation for RoW and tower locations Land Allotment for Substation Construction Phase Site Clearance Transportation of Machinery, construction material, tower components, stringing wire etc. Establishment of labour camp Excavation, foundation and construction works Erection of Tower Stringing Transformer Installation and other infrastructure at Substation Operation Phase Power Transmission Preventive maintenance of Transmission line Operation and maintenance of Substation = Represents “no” interactions is reasonably expected, = Represents interactions reasonably possible and the outcome will lead to low impact = Represents interactions reasonably possible with one of the outcomes may lead to medium or high impact ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 77 The list of impacts which were identified from this for detailed assessment for different stages of the project is as follows: Phase Impact/Potential Impact Title Planning and Landuse and Land cover Construction Phase Soil environment Water resources and quality Drainage Ambient air quality Ambient noise quality Occupational health and safety Flora and fauna- vegetation Clearance Flora and fauna- Construction activities Impact on Private Land owners in Tower Base Area and below conductors during Stringing Exercise Impact on private land owners within RoW due to imposition of land use restrictions Impacts on Patta Land: Due to Land Acquisition for Neemuch- Mandsaur Solar park and Pooling Substation Impact on local community due to loss of grazing land for Sub-station and Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park Impacts Due to Labour Influx Impact on Community Health and Safety Impact on Economy and Employment in the Study Area Operation Phase Soil Environment Noise Quality Visual Impacts Electro-magnetic fields Health and safety Flora and fauna- Collision and Electrical hazards for avifaunal species Flora and fauna- Electrical hazards for mammalian species Impacts of economic loss due to damage to standing crops during Maintenance work Impact on Community Health and Safety 5.2.3 Assessment of Impact Significance Each of these impacts/potential impacts was described in terms of its various relevant characteristics (e.g., type, scale, duration, frequency, extent). These impact characteristics are investigated and are described for each of these impacts/potential impacts. Characteristic Description Type A descriptor indicating the relationship of the impact to the Project (in terms of cause and effect). This is usually understood in terms of direct, indirect or induced impacts. Extent The “reach” of the impact (e.g., confined to a small area around the Project Footprint, projected for several kilometres, etc.). This is described with relation to the specific project footprint (such as tower base, specific tower locations, RoW of transmission corridor, and Area of Influence defined in this report) Duration The time period over which a resource/ receptor is affected. The significance of the duration of the impact is receptor/resource specific. Hence, the duration is described in terms of days, specific time of a day, season or month etc. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 78 Characteristic Description Scale The size of the impact (e.g., the size of the area damaged or impacted, the fraction of a resource that is lost or affected, etc.). Hence, this is described in terms of numerical measurements of the relevant resource/receptor. Frequency A measure of the constancy or periodicity of recurrence the impact. Along with the impact characteristics, ERM has considered the embedded measures as part of the project design or implementation plan/practice. If, the embedded measures are not already described in project description chapter, they are described during impact evaluation. While evaluating the impacts from the project activities which are already completed, the impact characteristics such as extent and scale were evaluated. Such evaluation was based on the documentation available, information collected through stakeholder consultations and field based observations. It is common occurrence that some of the potential impacts identified in planning stage do not actually take place or manifest in a different manner. Therefore, the evaluation of some of the planning and construction stage impacts in retrospective effect based on the available evidence showed characteristics which supported lower impact magnitude. Once an impact’s characteristics were defined and effectiveness of the embedded controls was evaluated, each impact was assigned a ‘magnitude’. The impact magnitudes are designated as: • Positive; • Negligible; • Small; • Medium; • Large. Further explanations on magnitude designations for a particular type of impact or receptor, if followed are described in their respective impact assessment sub-sections. In addition to characterising the magnitude of the impact, the significance of the sensitivity/vulnerability of the impacted resource/receptor was also taken into consideration. Where the resource was physical (for example, a water body) its quality, sensitivity to change and importance (on a local, national and international scale) were considered. Where the resource/receptor was biological or cultural (for example, a cultural heritage resource), its importance (for example, its local, regional, national or international importance) and its sensitivity to the specific type of impact were considered. Where the receptor was human, the vulnerability of the individual, community or wider societal group was considered. Absence of pre-project or baseline conditions for impacted resource/receptor is an inherent limitation for retrospective impact assessment. Hence, while assessing the sensitivity/vulnerability for impacts of planning and construction phase, the current conditions as recorded during field assessment ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 79 were used as proxy or best available alternative. The sensitivity/vulnerability of the impacted resource/receptor is given following designations: • Low; • Medium; and • High. Based on magnitude of impact (positive, negligible, small, medium, large) and sensitivity/ vulnerability of impacted resource/receptor (low, medium, high), significance of the particular impact/potential impact was designated using the matrix shown in Error! Reference source not found. . Figure 5.2 Impact Significance table Thus, the impact significance was determined and following ratings are assigned: • Negligible; • Minor; • Moderate; and • Major. Error! Reference source not found.Error! Reference source not found. provides a context of what various impact significance ratings imply. Where the impact significance assessment was minor and above, , what mitigation measures are warranted to reduce the impact magnitude or resource sensitivity/vulnerability was evaluated and appropriate mitigation measures are recommended. Another inherent limitation of a retrospective impact assessment is that it misses the impacts which are short lived. The impacts whose effects are short lived therefore cannot be observed when impact assessment is carried out. Even if they are identified, their mitigation does not hold any practical relevance. These factors were considered while recommending mitigation measures for such planning and construction stage impacts. The impact significance for the residual impact (after considering the additional mitigation measures recommended) were reassessed to arrive at ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 80 the final impact significance. A summary statement of the entire range of impacts showing impact significances before and after mitigation measures was prepared. Box 5.1 Ratings of Impact Significances An impact of negligible significance is one where a resource/ receptor (including people) will essentially not be affected in any way by a particular activity or the predicted effect is deemed to be ‘imperceptible’ or is indistinguishable from natural background variations. An impact of minor significance is one where a resource/ receptor will experience a noticeable effect, but the impact magnitude is sufficiently small and/or the resource/receptor is of low sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance. In either case, the magnitude should be well within applicable standards/ guidelines. An impact of moderate significance has an impact magnitude that is within applicable standards/guidelines, but falls somewhere in the range from a threshold below which the impact is minor, up to a level that might be just short of breaching a legal limit. Clearly, to design an activity so that its effects only just avoid breaking a law and/or cause a major impact is not best practice. The emphasis for moderate impacts is therefore on demonstrating that the impact has been reduced to a level that is as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). This does not necessarily mean that impacts of moderate significance have to be reduced to minor, but that moderate impacts are being managed effectively and efficiently. An impact of major significance is one where an accepted limit or standard may be exceeded, or large magnitude impacts occur to highly valued/sensitive resource/receptors. An aim of IA is to get to a position where the Project does not have any major residual impacts, certainly not ones that would endure into the long-term or extend over a large area. However, for some aspects there may be major residual impacts after all practicable mitigation options have been exhausted. An example might be the visual impact of a facility. It is then the function of regulators and stakeholders to weigh such negative factors against the positive ones, such as employment, in coming to a decision on the Project. 5.2.4 Preparation of Environment and Social Management Plan The mitigation measures were adopted keeping the universally accepted mitigation hierarchy as described below: • Avoid, if possible; • If avoidance is not possible reduce the magnitude of the impact by applying mitigation measures at source; • If mitigation measures at source of impact did not succeed to mitigate the impact, then abatement or compensatory measure or offsets are recommended. The mitigation measures recommended in individual impact assessments were compiled for project construction and operation phases. The ESMP prepared has also taken organization structure of RUMS and context of the project (sectoral, regional, and socio-cultural external environment) to determine practical and effective mitigation measures. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 81 Considering the continuous progress of project implementation, ESMP for the construction stage for the ongoing work was prepared as a priority. The ESMP was shared with the EPC contractor for its immediate implementation. 5.3 IMPACTS ON PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT The significant environmental impacts due to the project activities are given below and will be focus of the impact assessment. • Landuse and land cover; • Soil environment; • Ambient Air Quality; • Ambient Noise Quality; • Water resources, Quality and Drainage; and • Occupational health and safety. 5.3.1 Impacts during Planning and Construction Phase The following subsection provides details on the impacts due to the construction activities. The project activities during construction phase include: • Selective clearing of vegetation in areas designated for Transmission tower erection, substation and RoW; • Transportation of Machinery, construction material, tower components, stringing wire etc.; • Establishment of labour camp; • Storage of materials as well as transport of construction material; • Excavation, foundation and construction works; • Erection of Tower; • Stringing activities; and • Transformer Installation and other infrastructure at Substation. As mentioned earlier in Section 1.3.3, foundation activities at all tower locations were already completed at site and other construction activities were at advance stage during the ESIA study. Therefore, though the impacts are assessed retrospectively for complete construction phase, mitigation measures are provided only for remaining construction activities at site (erection of remaining towers, stringing and erection of equipment at pooling substation). Landuse and Land Cover Context and receptor • The project area consists primarily of agricultural land and Government barren land (Refer to Table 2.3 in section 2.2 for detailed landuse with respect to each tower). • The pooling substation site is located on undulating terrain with open dense scrub area and the transmission line route is mostly on flat plain agricultural land. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 82 Landuse and Land Cover • No major anthropogenic activities are observed in the area except agricultural activities. • The project had resulted in change of the land use within the land parcels where the pooling substation and transmission towers are located. The actual area of land use impact was limited to the footprint of the 29 transmission towers and substation area, which represent around 0.42 hectares and 7 hectares respectively. Besides this the land falling under the RoW of transmission line will also have limited change in landuse in terms of restriction of activities to be undertaken on this area. Mitigation measures The land requirement for the tower base was considered as per the IS implemented/observed standards. on site Impact Significance The total land area for the project is 40.32 hectares of which 7.42 hectares land (~18.4% of total project area) had already experienced permanent change in landuse. The RoW of transmission line does not have any trees requiring cutting. During operation phase, RoW will have limited restriction in terms of prohibiting plantation of any large tree, construction of any structure. The agricultural activities in this area could be continued as earlier. Considering this, the magnitude of the impact is assessed as small. Out of total land undergone permanent landuse change (i.e. 7.42 ha), 7 ha land for pooling substation and 0.16 ha land for 11 transmission towers was government barren land and only 0.26 ha land was agricultural in nature. Hence the resource sensitivity is assessed as low. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with low receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as negligible. Additional mitigation No additional mitigation measures suggested measures Residual impact Not assessed. Change in Landuse already happened. significance Soil Environment Context and receptor • At substation location, site clearance activities, excavation and levelling of ground had caused disturbance of the soil strata and impact on soil quality. The project undertakes the soil compaction activity to ensure soil stability during the site levelling at substation; • Digging of foundation pits for the towers and at substation had affected the soil quality. Foundations were dug up to a depth of 3-3.5 m depending upon the tower type and soil characteristics. At the tower sites, all vegetation within the footprint of the tower base and additional surrounding area of on average 756 sqm was cleared for ground vegetation. Foundation pits were backfilled by the excavated soils; • There was no separation of topsoil done during excavation activities; • Compaction of soil during excavation, transportation of construction material & tower components, foundation work, backfilling, tower erection and stringing lead to temporary effects on natural infiltration of rainwater, but these impacts were temporary, localised and marginal; • Soil contamination might have result from leaks and spills of oil, lubricants, or fuel from construction equipment. However, this could not be verified during site visit as foundation activities were completed on tower locations; • General construction waste generated onsite comprised of waste concrete, wooden pallets, steel cuttings/filings, packaging paper or plastic, wood, metals etc. Municipal domestic wastes consisting of food waste, plastic, glass, aluminium cans and waste paper were also generated by the ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 83 Soil Environment construction workforce and labour camp site. A small proportion of the waste generated during construction phase was hazardous and include used oil, grease and waste oil containing rags. • During foundation activities at tower locations, excess excavated material was generated (average 80 m3 per location, refer to Table 2.4). It was informed by site officials; the excess excavated material was disposed in the surrounding fields. During site visit, it was observed that there were no waste management provisions provided at labour camp. Mitigation measures • The excavated soil was stored on site for back filling; implemented/observed • The existing roads were used for approaching tower locations, wherever on site available so as to avoid soil compaction in agricultural fields. Impact Significance The impact on soil quality was limited to transmission tower locations and pooling substation. The land area already disturbed during foundation activities totals to about 9.5 ha (7 ha for pooling substation and ~2.5 ha for transmission towers). Besides this about 0.5 ha of agricultural land was also compacted due to vehicular movement during foundation activities. Same will continue to disturb during tower erection and stringing activities. However, the compacted soil in surroundings of tower locations will reinstate their original conditions through ploughing activities in fields. On basis of this, the magnitude of impact is assessed as small. The foundation activities at tower locations had already caused disturbance to fertile top soil in agricultural fields. Besides this, waste generated at labour camps were not properly managed and random disposal of domestic waste in surroundings of pooling substation was observed during site visit. This had further impacted the soil quality in the vicinity of labour camp. Further, instances of soil contamination due to leakages from construction machinery and vehicles could not be ruled out. Considering this, the resource sensitivity is assessed as medium. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with medium receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as minor. Additional mitigation • Provision of waste collection bin and disposal of domestic waste shall be measures provided at labour camp site; • Spill control measures such as secondary containment at temporary storage, regular maintenance of transport vehicles, shall be provided. Residual impact After implementation of additional mitigation measures, the impact significance significance of the residual impacts on soil environment for remaining construction activities is assessed as negligible. Ambient Air Quality Context and receptor Ambient air quality was largely impacted from the following sources during the construction phase: • Fugitive dust emissions from transportation of material, excavation, drilling, back filling, emission due to movements of vehicles, plying of heavy construction machinery etc.; • The storage area for transmission line located close to Ghasoi village caused limited vehicular pollution during transportation of materials as the whole village stretch had to be crossed to reach the storage area; • Emissions from diesel generator (5KVA mobile DG set for transmission line; 25 KVA and 250 KVA DG set for substation) utilized during for construction activities. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 84 Ambient Air Quality It is also to be noted that construction activities related to development of Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park in the surroundings of substation were also undergoing, thereby contributing to the incremental air emissions in the area. • The nearest receptor for dust emissions (i.e. Ghasoi and Runija villages) are located at about 0.7 km and 1.5 km distance respectively from transmission line route and 0.1 km (Ghasoi village) from storage yard of transmission line; • There are no settlements within 1 km distance of Gujarkhedi pooling substation • No ecological sensitivities located in the RoW of transmission line route. In case of pooling substation, nearest ecological sensitivity, i.e. forest area was located at about 1 km. Mitigation measures • No measures were observed on site for control of air emissions. implemented/observed on site Impact Significance The 250 KVA DG set used in the construction activities at substation was not having adequate stack height for dispersion of air emissions. The excavation activities at substation were carried out during winter and summer season. During site visit, it was observed that excavated materials at substation were stored in open area, thereby leading to fugitive dust emissions especially during windy conditions. In case of storage area for transmission line, it is to be noted that this storage area stores only tower components and casting moulds and there was no storage of construction materials such as concrete, cement etc. observed at this storage site during site visit. The increase in traffic volumes during the erection of the transmission tower and stringing is expected to be occasional and negligible. Considering above, magnitude of impact is assessed as small. As mentioned above, the nearest human receptors to transmission line was Ghasoi village which is about 0.1 km away from storage area. Whereas the construction sites along transmission line and pooling substation does not have any settlement in vicinity. There were no ecological sensitivities located in the RoW of transmission line route. In case of pooling substation, nearest ecological sensitivity, i.e. forest area was located at about 1 km. Hence, the receptor sensitivity is considered as low. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with low receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as negligible. Additional mitigation No additional mitigation measures suggested measures Residual impact No change in impact significance rating for remaining construction activities. significance Noise Quality Context and Construction activities at substation had impacted ambient noise quality due to receptor operation of equipment’s, machineries, DG sets and transportation used for the construction activities. The construction machinery used for the construction activities was the major sources of noise. It is also to be noted that construction activities related to development of Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park in the surroundings of substation were also undergoing, thereby contributing to the incremental ambient noise levels in the area. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 85 Noise Quality The foundation activities at transmission tower locations had also affected the noise quality due to operation of concrete mixer, DG set, vehicular movement for transportation of materials. During erection of tower and stringing there can be some disturbance from noise due to vehicular movement for transportation of tower components, strings, communications during erection and stringing. Also, during stringing there will be continuous operation of tractors carrying the strings from one tower to other. • The nearest receptor for noise (i.e. Ghasoi and Runija villages) are located at about 0.7 km and 1.5 km distance respectively from transmission line route and 0.1 km (Ghasoi village) from storage yard of transmission line; • There are no settlements within 1 km distance of Gujarkhedi pooling substation • No ecological sensitivities located in the RoW of transmission line route. In case of pooling substation, nearest ecological sensitivity, i.e. forest area was located at about 1 km Mitigation • No measures were observed on site for control of noise emissions. measures implemented/obse rved on site Impact Significance The operation of construction machinery, DG set at substation was work specific and limited to mainly excavation and foundation activities, erection of steel structures and installation of transformers and other equipments in switch yard. In case of transmission line, the noise causing construction activities (drilling, rock breaking, material transportation) at any tower location was limited to 2-3 days. The increase in traffic volumes during the erection of the transmission tower and stringing is expected to be occasional and negligible. Hence, the magnitude of impact on ambient noise levels is assessed as small. As mentioned above, the nearest human receptors to transmission line was Ghasoi village which is about 0.1 km away from storage area. Whereas the construction sites along transmission line and pooling substation does not have any settlement in vicinity. There were no ecological sensitivities located in the RoW of transmission line route. In case of pooling substation, nearest ecological sensitivity, i.e. forest area was located at about 1 km. Hence, the receptor sensitivity is considered as low. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with low receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as negligible. Additional No additional mitigation measures suggested mitigation measures Residual impact No change in impact significance rating for remaining construction activities. significance Water Resources and Quality Context and The transmission line generally requires about 50 m3 of water for casting of receptor foundations for each tower, which was sourced from local sources through tankers. Water requirement at substation is about 3m3/day which was supplied through onsite ground water abstraction well. The transmission line passes through nallahs at multiple locations. Refer Table 2.2 for details. Besides this, 3 small water bodies are located in vicinity of substation (at distance of 0.5 km in ESE direction, 0.6 km in South direction and 1 km in ESE direction) and a village pond is located in Ghasoi village adjacent to storage area for transmission line. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 86 Noise Quality Major source of wastewater generation during construction phase is labour camp. During site visit, it was observed that there was no proper sewage disposal arrangements provided at labour camp and open defecation is practiced on site. The water requirement during construction activities at substation is met by borewell. Abstraction of ground water will further cause stress on ground water resources as the Sitamau block is categorised as over exploited. Reportedly, permission from CGWB is not obtained for abstraction of ground water at substation. Mitigation • No measures were observed on site for water conservation. measures implemented/obse rved on site Impact Significance The sensitivity of water resource in the area is considered as high due to the fact that the project area falls under overexploited category for ground water abstraction. The magnitude of impact is assessed as small considering the amount of waste consumption at substation and foundation activities at tower locations. Tower erection and stringing activities does not have water requirement. Further, the direct negative impact on water resources due to construction activities is short term and limited mainly to construction phase of the project. The transmission lines will have insignificant impact on the surface water and ground water. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with high receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as moderate. Additional • Construction labour deputed onsite to be sensitized about water conservation mitigation and encouraged for optimal use of water; measures • Regular inspection for identification of water leakages and preventing wastage of water from water supply tankers; • Use of licensed contractors for management and disposal of waste and sludge; • Open defecation and random disposal of sewage will be strictly restricted; • Spill/ leakage clearance plan to be adopted for immediate cleaning of spills and leakages Residual impact After implementation of mitigation measures, the significance of residual impacts significance for remaining construction activities will be minor. Drainage Context and The study area has dendritic type of natural drainage pattern. There is no natural receptor stream passing through the substation site. The transmission line passes through two small rain fed natural streams near AP2 and AP3 tower locations and nallah near tower location AP4, 4/3, 4/5, 4/6, 4/9, 4/11, 4/13, 4/14, 4/15, 4/16, and 5/2 (1) . (Refer Table 2.3 for details). There were 3 small water bodies present in vicinity of substation (at distance of 0.5 km in ESE direction, 0.6 km in South direction and 1 km in ESE direction). The catchment area of these water bodies also include the substation location where the surface runoff from the site flow into these waterbodies due to natural gradient of regional topography. Reportedly, these water bodies are source of drinking water for cattles in the area. (1) All locations of nallah could not be viewed due to site inaccessibility. The details are provided based on information provided by RUMSL and site observations. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 87 Drainage The project is generally dry with less rainfall, the most of the surface water bodies present in the study area were observed dry during the site visit except the village pond located at Ghasoi village. Mitigation • Storm water drainage system was proposed at substation to channelize the measures storm water at site implemented/obse rved on site Impact Significance Construction activities at substation had altered the natural flow of storm water at the site to certain extent due to leveling activities. However, the substation area will have the storm water drainage system connected to natural drain to maintain the natural drainage in the area so that rain water can take its natural path of flow to the water bodies outside the site. . The alteration in surface drainage pattern of the area due to construction of transmission line will be insignificant as the natural flow of storm water will not be altered on contiguous larger area. Considering this, magnitude of impact is assessed as small and resource sensitivity as low. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with low receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as negligible. Additional No additional mitigation measures suggested mitigation measures Residual impact Not assessed, change in drainage pattern already happened. significance Occupational Health and Safety Context and • The erection of transmission towers, construction of substation, stringing of receptor line will require working at heights. The commissioning of the sub-station and transmission line will also involve live power lines. • The working at height has the risks of falling from the height and working on live wires carrying power has dangers of electric shock and electrocution. • Besides this, there could be slip and trip hazards especially during monsoon season. • The area experiences extreme winter and summer condition. Working during very high and low temperature could cause health hazards; During site visit, it was observed that workers were not wearing adequate PPEs at substation site. During tower erection and stringing activities, about 20-25 workers will be engaged. Mitigation • Trained workers will be involved in the specific work activities such as tower measures erection and stringing; implemented/obse • Prior to start of work, workers were informed about the related safety risks rved on site and precautions to be taken (though these discussions are not documented); • Stop work in monsoon season; • During summer season with high temperature, work had started early in morning with no work during peak temperature in afternoon. Impact Significance The foundation activities were already completed at substation and tower locations. The remaining activities, i.e. the erection of transmission towers and stringing will be done through experienced and trained workers. However, construction of other components at substation and foundations for transmission towers involved local workers who were not having earlier experience. Hence, there will be greater vulnerability for accidents and therefore receptor vulnerability is assessed as medium. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 88 Occupational Health and Safety Depending on the severity of incident/accident, the magnitude of impact could small to medium. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small to medium impact magnitude with medium receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as minor to moderate. Additional • Manual lifting by adult men to be less than 55kg and for women it should be mitigation less than 30kg; measures • Eye protection for welding, cutting or similar operations which may cause hazard to eyes; • All persons performing construction work to wear safety shoes and helmets confirming to national standard; • Every worker engaged in handling sharp objects which may cause injury to hand shall be provided suitable hand gloves; • Erection of steel structure is considered as a hazardous work (ref. Rule 225, Schedule-IX of BOCW Rules 1998). Workers engaged in erection of transmission tower to follow safety measures in S.183 of the BOCW Rules 1998. The work should be carried out by experienced workers and they should use safety harness, lifelines, catchment etc. • EPC contractor shall ensure a First-aid Box is available at construction site and the contents of the First-Aid Box are compliant to Schedule-III of the BOCW Rules 1998. • EPC contractor shall ensure that health and safety procedures are in place and training on same are provided to the workers prior to construction; • EPC contractor shall ensure that adequate PPEs and safety measures are used during stringing activity Once the stringing is complete, notices (danger sign boards) and anti-climbing devices to be put on all the faces of the tower; • Emergency contact numbers and route to nearest hospital shall be displayed at construction site. • The local/host community shall be kept at safe distance from construction site. • While working in hot conditions, measures such as work break at regular intervals, keeping hydrated by drinking water and liquids, covering face with damp cloth etc. shall be used; • Monitor health and safety performance and have an operating audit system; and • Provide H&S achievement information to employees. Residual impact The significance of the residual impact after implementation of the recommended significance mitigation measures will be minor for remaining construction activities. 5.3.2 Impacts during Operation Phase The following subsection provides details on the impacts during operation and maintenance phase. The project activities during operation phase include: • Power Transmission; • Preventive maintenance of Transmission line; and • Operation and maintenance of Substation. Soil Environment Context and Waste Generation: During operation phase about 30 employees/ workers will receptor be deployed at substation under 3 shifts. At substation domestic and hazardous waste will be generated in small quantity. The hazardous waste generated at substation include used/spent oil, oil soaked cotton and filter waste, waste containers/tins of paints, used lead acid batteries, nonferrous scrap, insulated aluminium and copper wires/cables, waste dry chemical residues etc. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 89 Soil Environment Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) will also used as a dielectric fluid to provide electrical insulation. Any spillage of Aluminium oxide paint during operation and maintenance of the transmission line towers may impact soil quality Planned/Implemen • Preventive maintenance plan will be prepared for transmission line; ted Mitigation • At substation, waste will be stored at designated area for disposal. Measures Impact Significance No impacts of any significance are predicted on vegetation and soil due to operation of the transmission line. During operation phase, the magnitude of quantity of municipal waste and hazardous waste generated at substation will be negligible. The waste generated would be routed through proper collection and treatment/containment. Hence the resource sensitivity is assessed as low. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of negligible impact magnitude with low receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as negligible. Additional Though the impact significance is assessed as negligible, as a good practice, mitigation following measures could be considered: measures • Ensure hazardous waste oil and rags are properly labelled and stored onsite provided with impervious surface, shed and secondary containment system; • Ensure routine disposal of hazardous waste through approved vendors in accordance to Hazardous Waste and other Waste Management Rules, 2016 and records are properly documented; • Other wastes such as e-waste, used discarded batteries shall be disposed off in accordance to E-waste Rules and batteries management Rules; • Use of spill control kits to contain and clean small spills and leaks during O&M activities; • The guidelines and procedures shall be prepared and followed for immediate clean-up actions following any spillages; and • Low frequency of painting as well as involving experienced personnel with mitigations like prior spread of sheets underneath the tower structure while painting could be considered. Residual impact No change in impact significance rating. significance Noise Quality Context and The likely noise impacts from operation of the transmission line and substation receptor will be due to: • Maintenance and repair activities; • ‘Corona discharge’ from the overhead lines; Once operational, noise from energised overhead lines along the transmission line route and at substation can be produced by a phenomenon known as ‘Corona Discharge’ (a limited electrical breakdown of the air). Conductors are designed and constructed to minimise corona effects, although, under certain conditions this can be audible as a ‘hissing’ sound, sometimes accompanied by a low frequency hum. Conductors designed and constructed to minimise corona effects will be chosen for transmission. It is highly unlikely that the corona discharge noise will exceed the normal background noise levels in the area and furthermore, such noises are mostly restricted to rainy weather conditions. • The nearest noise receptors (i.e. Ghasoi and Runija villages) are located at about 0.7 km and 1.5 km distance respectively from transmission line route; • There are no settlements within 1 km distance of Gujarkhedi pooling substation; ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 90 • Temporary receptors in form of farmers working in vicinity of transmission line. • No ecological sensitivities located in the RoW of transmission line route. In case of pooling substation, nearest ecological sensitivity, i.e. forest area was located at about 1 km Planned/Implemen • The project design specifications include the measures to reduce the noise ted Mitigation generated along transmission line. Measures Impact Significance The magnitude of noise generation from operational phase will be small but consistent for the entire life of transmission line. The receptors for operation noise are located beyond 0.7 km. Futher, agricultural activities along the transmission line will be carried out for certain period of the day. Hence, receptor vulnerability is assessed as low. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with low receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as negligible. Additional No additional mitigation measures suggested. mitigation measures Residual impact No change in impact significance rating. significance Visual Impacts Context and The footprint of the project comprise of about 7 hectare land for substation and receptor 8.831 km long transmission line with 29 towers. The substation is located on adjacent to the under construction Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park and is visible from considerable distance. Earlier the substation site and surrounding area were scrub land or natural vegetation, now with built environment with substation with switch yard, control room, there will be a significant change to visual quality of the area. The transmission line route passes through agricultural fields crossing the cart tracks at twelve locations and main road at three locations. The vertical forms of the transmission towers would be prominently visible from the cart tracks, road and nearby settlements. Besides this, the farmers in the field would have clear view of these towers. It is to be noted that the study area already had other existing transmission towers and the new transmission line will be easily absorb in the existing landscape. At substation location, the visual landscape of the area is already changed due to the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park and the substation will be easily absorbed in the surrounding landscape. The visual impacts will be perceived by two types of receptors, namely: • Receptors located at a fix point, i.e. habitations within the project foot print and area of influence; and • Receptors who will temporarily come into contact with the substation and transmission line such as passing motorists in the area. Planned/Implemen • The route alignment had avoided settlement areas, forest areas during project ted Mitigation planning. Measures Impact Significance It is important to note that whether the visual impact is seen as positive or negative is highly subjective, and people’s attitude towards and perception of the visual impacts associated with the transmission line may differ vastly. The study area already had other existing transmission line. Hence, the magnitude of impact is assessed as small. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 91 Also the local community does not perceive the transmission line as a new element in the existing visual landscape of the area as interpreted from consultations. Therefore, receptor vulnerability is considered as low. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with low receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as negligible. Additional No additional mitigation measures suggested. mitigation measures Residual impact No change in impact significance rating. significance Electro Magnetic Fields Context and The power evacuation through the transmission line during operation phase will receptor result in development of electromagnetic fields. There have been some concerns about possible health risk from exposure to electromagnetic radiation from overhead transmission line. People working in the vicinity of transmission line are potentially prone to exposure to EMF. • However, while the evidence of adverse health risks is low, it is still sufficient to warrant limited concern. Planned/Implemen • The minimum distance clearance had been provided in the project as per ted Mitigation Electricity Act, 2003. Measures Impact Significance There are no specific standards or guidance on EMF in India however the Indian Electricity Act and Rules clearly stipulate the minimum clearances required. As per ICNIRP standards, the EMF generated by 220KV line is lesser than the suggested value. Recommendations The recommendations applicable to the management of EMF exposures (as per IFC) as given below shall be followed: • Evaluation of potential exposure to the public against the reference levels developed by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). • Average and peak exposure levels shall remain below the ICNIRP recommendation for General Public Exposure (1) . • If EMF levels are confirmed or expected to be above the recommended exposure limits, application of engineering techniques will be considered to reduce the EMF produced by power lines, substations, or transformers. Examples of these techniques include: o Shielding with specific metal alloys o Increasing height of transmission towers o Modifications to size, spacing, and configuration of conductors Residual impact Not Applicable significance Occupational Health and Safety Context and The project will have transmission of 220 kV power through the transmission line receptor during operation phase. RUMSL/MPPTCL will be responsible for O&M of the Transmission line. • There is a possibility of lines or towers/ tower members falling to the ground, and safety risks during maintenance activities at towers, during the operational phase, contact with the transmission line can result in electrocution. (1) For the frequency of 50 Hz and 60 Hz, general public exposure should be limited to Electric field of 5000 V/m and 4150 V/m and magnetic field of 100 µT and 83 µT respectively. Source: IFC EHS Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 92 Occupational Health and Safety • Ignorant people trying to tap electricity from high tension wire can lead to fatal accidents. • At substation location, risks associated with transformer blast, electrical hazards are predicted. Planned/Implemen • Risks to general public during operation will be reduced by public awareness ted Mitigation and education and physical measures by attaching an appropriate warning Measures sign on all faces of the tower; • Once the stringing work is complete, notices and permanent anti climbing devices will be installed on the tower. The operational start date for electricity transmission and safety implications will be publicised locally in advance. • The SOP for preventive maintenance and repairing of fault will be defined and followed; • Fire fighting measures will be maintained at substation; Impact Significance Based on above, overall impact significance is assessed as minor. Additional • At Substation, SOPs will be prepared for all O&M activities. mitigation • The lock in-lock out system will be followed during maintenance/ repair measures activities at substation and transmission line; • Records of incident/ accidents shall be maintained; • Root cause analysis shall be carried out for any incident/ accident Residual Impact No change in impact significance rating. Significance 5.4 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ERM Impact Assessment Standards defines sensitivity of ecological receptors by determining the significance of effects on species and habitats separately. The significance tables for habitat and species are given in Annex A. Impacts during construction and operation phases are presented below. 5.4.1 Impacts during Planning and Construction Phase The source of impact to biological environment during the construction phase was associated with the clearing of vegetation and the construction activities. As the RoW of the transmission line primarily included agricultural and open scrubland and the pooling substation area included open scrubland areas, the impact from clearance of vegetation was considerably less. Impacts due to Vegetation Clearance Context and Vegetation clearance was the first step in the establishment of the substation; receptor storage yards, access/internal roads and excavation for the erection of transmission tower foundations and ancillary facilities. . Impact of vegetation clearance had already happened at the tower footing during foundation activities. During site visit, vegetation clearance was observed between 4/13 & 4/14 and 4/14 & 4/15. Apart from that vegetation clearance impact were also observed for transmission line stretches between 4/5 & 4/6, and 4/15 & 4/16. Vegetation clearance is envisaged to had led to habitat disturbance for reptiles birds and mammals etc. Most commonly found species within the transmission line corridor are Prosopis cinerarea, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Ailanthus excelsa, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Ficus religiosa etc. It was revealed though discussion with MPPTCL that a buffer height of 4.5 m is to be maintained from the lowest cable ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 93 Impacts due to Vegetation Clearance and any object that is grounded (tree etc.). No IUCN threatened tree species was observed during the site visit within the transmission line corridor • Clearing of vegetation from open scrubland, agricultural lands reduces options for nesting habitat for birds, shelter from predators, foraging resources, shade, perching habitat and breeding sites. The loss of vegetation can also have a negative effect on soil quality and hamper survival of neighbouring floral species, burrowing faunal species and foraging resources for herbivores in the area. Mitigation • MPPTCL has referred that for tower foundation and transmission line measures corridor no mature fruiting trees or any other trees that were important for implemented/obse community were felled. The tower locations were adjusted to avoid mature rved on site trees that are important for the community. In case it is absolutely necessary (when a tree comes within the line corridor and also grows to a height within 4.5 m buffer from the cable), chopping and trimming of the branches was undertaken. Impact Significance Construction of substation, towers of transmission had led to chopping/trimming or clearing of these tree species. In addition, vegetation clearance had also removed few shrub and herb species. Vegetation clearance is envisaged to have lead to habitat disturbance for reptiles such as Indian Rat snake (Ptyas mucosus), Spectacled cobra (Naja naja), Common Indian Krait (Bungarus fasciatus), Russell’s Viper (Daboia russelii) Oriental Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor), birds like Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), Large grey babbler (Turdoises malcolmi) etc. and mammals such as Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) and Indian Hare (Lepus nigricollis) etc. The clearance of vegetation in open scrubland and agricultural land habitat was expected to occur at a scale to have an impact on habitat for species (birds, mammals and some reptiles) that utilize those resources. Several of the open scrubland patches are small enough and construction activities could have had potentially disrupted connectivity of habitats for species utilizing the area. This could also happen near the tower 4/14 at the time of construction. However, there is substantial habitat for these species in the region and any impact that had happened or are likely to happen is unlikely to have caused or will cause loss of habitat viability and function in the region. The loss of habitat in the agricultural land pertains to any areas that provide connectivity to water bodies and open scrub patches. Once again agricultural land and open scrubland is widespread in the region and therefore impacts from vegetation clearance for construction of transmission line and substation that had happened and are expected to happen are not expected to cause any long term disruption of habitat viability and function. Impact magnitude is thereby considered small. The sensitivity of these habitats is considered low as per Annex A as they may have some significance for IUCN Least Concern Species alone, do not have any recognized conservation areas and are common and widespread. The species dependant on open scrub and agricultural habitats are included within the Least Concern category. However the site has several bird species protected under Schedule I of the IWPA and therefore the site is deemed to have medium sensitivity. The impacts described above had not caused or are not expected to cause a significant change in the population of these species and therefore the impact magnitude has been deemed small. The overall impact significance has been assessed as not significant for habitats and minor for species. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 94 Impacts due to Vegetation Clearance Additional The following mitigation measures will further reduce the impact significance on mitigation the habitat and species for the remaining construction works that require measures vegetation clearance: • Vegetation disturbance and clearance should be restricted to the project activity area; • Strict prohibition should be maintained on use of fuel wood and shrubs from nearby areas as kitchen fuel. Residual Impact Removal of vegetation during remaining construction activities can have a direct Significance and indirect impact on the local ecology. While the impact is limited to the relatively short construction phase of the project, the recovery time to return to pre-project conditions is long and therefore the significance of the residual impacts will remain minor for species. Impacts due to Construction Activities Context and Construction activities include excavation, movement of machineries, increased receptor anthropogenic movement (men and transport) in the project study area. These activities are assessed with respect to disturbance of habitats and species. Excavation for the construction of the foundations for transmission towers and ancillary facilities had a direct impact on burrowing fauna, mammalian fauna and an indirect impact on flora/fauna through the changing of soil properties. This type of impact could have occurred for each tower footing already constructed. Currently the construction of tower 4/14 could cause these types of impacts. Anthropogenic movement resulted/will result in increased stress placed on fauna in the area that remain alert for an extended period of time and may prevent proper breeding, nesting, mating, socializing and foraging. Noise from anthropogenic movement (men and transport) along with the construction activities had already caused disturbance to fauna in the nearby areas. This type of impact could happen during the remaining stringing activities for the entire stretch of the transmission line. Mitigation In-house training provided to the labour force and supervisory staff for situations measures dealing with wildlife encounters. implemented/obse rved on site Impact Significance The significance of impacts from construction activities is being assessed as per Annex A for open scrubland, agricultural land, and Annex A for burrowing species, ground roosting birds. Excavation activities had caused or have the potential to cause detrimental impact on the soil properties in the area and on burrowing species, neighbouring flora, herbivores and small carnivores. Burrowing animals including Indian Grey Mongoose, snakes (Spectacled Cobra, Common Indian Krait, Indian Rat snake, Russell’s Viper etc.), ground-roosting bird species and lizard burrowing holes were affected or can be directly affected by excavation. Mammalian species viz. Jackal (Canis aureus), Chinkara (Gazella bennettii), Nilgai etc. could fall in the ditch constructed for the tower footing (for tower 4/14) and get injured. Anthropogenic movement could create increased stress on mammals, birds and reptiles in the project study area, tower construction area of 4/14 and in proximity to the areas where stringing activities are proposed. Mammal species are also susceptible to higher noise levels from anthropogenic movement and construction due to their better auditory perception. Noise can affect mating and ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 95 Impacts due to Construction Activities breeding behaviour in all species that utilize sound to communicate with one another and find suitable mates. Impact magnitude is considered small as per Annex A. The sensitivity of these habitats is considered low as per Annex A as they may have some significance for IUCN Least Concern species alone, do not have any recognized conservation areas and are common and widespread. The species dependant on open scrub and agricultural habitats (reptiles, birds and mammals) are included within the Least Concern category. However the site has several bird species protected under Schedule I of the IWPA and therefore the site is deemed to have medium sensitivity (as per Annex A). The impacts described above had not caused or are not expected to cause a significant change in the population of these species and therefore the impact magnitude has been deemed small (as per Annex A). The overall impact significance has been assessed as not significant for habitat and minor for species. Additional The following mitigation measures will further reduce the impact significance on mitigation the species for the remaining construction works: measures • Construction and transportation activities should be avoided at night (6:00 pm to 6:00 am); • Good housekeeping should be followed for construction activities; • Anti-poaching, trapping and hunting policy among employees and contractors should be strictly enforced; and General awareness regarding fauna should be enhanced through trainings, posters, etc. among the staff and labourers. Residual Impact The implementation of suggested mitigation measures can significantly reduce Significance the impacts from remaining construction activities but there will still be some impacts due to noise and anthropogenic movement. The residual impacts for species will remain minor. However, as while impacts of construction activity will be reduced there will continue to be some disturbance to fauna and flora. 5.4.2 Impacts during Operation Phase The source of ecological impacts in the operation phase is associated with electrical and collision hazards from transmission infrastructure. The impacts in the operation phase are considerably larger due to the presence of other transmission lines in the area that multiply the hazards for flying bird species. Impacts from the operation phase of the project on the local ecology have been assessed with respect to the following activities: • Perching on transmission lines and towers and flying in proximity to the conductors for avifauna. • Electrocution hazards of mammalian species like macaques and langurs at substation Collision and Electrical hazards for avifaunal species Context and Several species of birds identified during the ecological study were found receptor roosting on wires and poles in the area. Some birds also utilize the transmission towers for nesting by placing the nests across wires or using holes in the tower itself. Collision of birds can happen with transmission line due to specific ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 96 Collision and Electrical hazards for avifaunal species behaviours like courtship displays and aerial hunting as they may distract the birds from the presence of the power lines. Collision may happen for birds that make regular and repeated flights between roosting and feeding areas in proximity to power lines1. Collision and electrocution hazard may happen along the entire stretch of the transmission line, however areas that are more vulnerable to avifauna are listed below • Tower AP-1 to tower 4/7 as they fall in the direct path of flight between Bindni Dam and Gandhisagar Reservoir. Bindni dam is the largest reservoir (among the satellite waterbodies of Gandhisagar Reservoir in the area) that is in proximity to the transmission line, where migratory birds were observed during the primary survey; • Towers 4/16-AP-6 as they are in proximity to the perennial waterbody Ghasoi pond; • Areas where the transmission line crosses ephemeral streams viz. in between towers 4/6 & 4/7 and 4/14 & 4/15. Planned Mitigation Preventive maintenance checklist includes Measures • Checking of the vacuums or holes in the towers to avoid nesting by any of the birds; • Recording of any incident of bird collision; Impact Significance Many avifaunal species observed during the ecological survey were perching on existing transmission lines. The species included Shikra (Accipter badius), Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis), Black Winged Kite (Elanus caeruleus), Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), Long tailed Shrike (Lanius schach), Laughing Dove (Spilopelia senegalensis), Spotted Dove (Spilopelia chinensis), Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) and House Crow (Corvus splendens). The number of birds that utilize electrical components for roosting can be considered a representative sample of the number of birds that show this behaviour. In addition, about 23 migratory birds are recorded from the study area, which could collide with transmission lines when moving across waterbodies in the study area. Some birds with large wing span viz. Egyptian Vulture, Short Toed Snake Eagle, Black Kite etc. which were observed to be perched at the transmission towers, may get electrocuted. Our observations of a few Schedule I species protected under the IWPA (1972) using the transmission poles for perching and also during inter-waterbody movement of the migratory birds (viz. between Bindni Dam and Gandhisagar Reservoir) that could cross the transmission lines indicate species sensitivity assessed as medium. However it is unlikely that mortality from collision /electrocution will cause any changes in the population regionally. The impact magnitude has been assessed as small. Furthermore impact significance to species is considered minor. Additional It is recommended that monitoring for the bird collision and electrocution mitigation incidents shall be carried out for initial 2-3 years. If significant incident numbers measures are recorded, then following mitigation measures shall be considered for implementation: Installing perch rejecter (Upright “whisk brooms” - Picture 4) on the cross arms (Figure 5.3Error! Reference source not found.; Picture 1).; 1Avian Power Line Interaction Committee (APLIC). 2012. Reducing Avian Collisions with Power Lines: The State of the Art in 2012. Edison Electric Institute and APLIC. Washington, D.C. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 97 Collision and Electrical hazards for avifaunal species • Power line markers (Figure 5.3Error! Reference source not found.; Picture 2) along the entire stretch of the transmission line, which reduce the risk by increasing the visibility of overhead lines to birds (Sporer et al. 20131). Residual Impact After implementation of mitigation measures, the significance of residual Significance impacts will be minor. We retain this significance, as while the mitigation measures are likely to reduce the impact, the probability of electrocution still cannot be ruled out. Figure 5.3 Electrical Pole Modification Picture 1: Power line markers* Picture 2: Perch Rejecter Cumulative Impact for Avifauna The presence of multiple transmission lines in the area can contribute to multiplying the impacts on the avifaunal species. Birds most susceptible to this are Black Winged Kite (Elanus caeruleus), Shikra (Accipter badius), Short- toed Snake Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Kingfishers, Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) and Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus). Furthermore impacts to species are considered moderate as there is a possibility of impact to globally endangered species. etc. Summary of cumulative impact on avifauna is presented in Annex D. Electrical hazards for mammalian species Context and • Mammalian species like rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and northern receptor plans langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) may get electrocuted at the substation areas while jumping over high voltage equipment in substations. Planned Mitigation Preventive maintenance checklist includes monitoring and recording of any Measures dead mammals. Impact Significance Rhesus macaques and northern plains langurs are IUCN least concern species and are in abundance in the area. The sensitivity is therefore assessed as low. Moreover, it is unlikely that mortality from electrocution will cause any changes in the population regionally. The impact magnitude has been assessed as small. Furthermore impact significance to species is considered negligible. Additional Following mitigation measures could be adopted for preventing mammalian mitigation species from entering the substation areas; measures 1 Sporer M.K., Dwyer J. F., Gerber B.D., Harness R.E. and Pandey A.K. 2013. Marking Power Lines to Reduce Avian Collisions Near the Audubon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota. Wildlife Society Bulletin; DOI: 10.1002/wsb.329 ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 98 • The substation area is to be fenced • Security guards should be alert all the time so that langurs and macaques do not enter the substation area Residual Impact No change in impact significance rating. Significance 5.5 IMPACTS ON SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 5.5.1 Impacts during Planning and Construction Phase Impact on Private Land owners in Tower Base Area and below conductors during Stringing Exercise Context and As has been discussed in Section 2.5, the RoW for the tower base area hass resulted in receptor an impact on 0.42 Ha. Of this, 0.26 Ha is on private land owned by 27 land owners from the villages Runija, Gujarkhedi and Ghasoi. This impact on land has not resulted in the physical displacement (loss of residential structure) for any private land owner. However, the project activities did result in crop loss due to the following activities: • On the RoW identified for the tower and its immediate vicinity, due to foundation and erection activities including creation of access roads to tower location, soil excavation and movement of equipment and personnel; and • On the RoW identified for the transmission line route due to stringing activities. As can be seen from the following table, the construction activities of the tower base (including foundation, erection and access road) is understood to impact on an average 5.32% of the of the total land holding of the land owner. Amongst the 27, 23 land owners have reported an impact on less than 10% of their land holding and have more than 1 hectare of land remaining untouched. Total Tower Name of Family Total land Land Total land Number Member holding (ha) Impacted % of Land remaining (ha) Impacted (ha) AP-3 Bhawar Lal 9 0.312 3.47 8.69 4/7 Vardi Bai NA 0.0625 NA NA 4/8 Gordan Lal NA 0.09 NA NA 3/2 Rukmani Bai NA 0.16 NA NA AP 4 Ganesh Ram 8 0.09 1.13 7.91 4/1 Bagdiram 12 0.09 0.75 11.91 4/2 Samrath 4 0.045 1.13 3.96 4/3 Mangilal 3.2 0.105 3.28 3.10 4/4 Ramnarayan 3.2 0.135 4.22 3.07 4/5 ( 3 legs) Babulal 0.5 0.105 21.00 0.40 4/5 ( 1 leg) Prakash NA 0.05 NA NA 4/6 Balashankar 4 0.03 0.75 3.97 4/9 Satyanarayan 1.6 0.1015 6.34 1.50 Balashankar (Son 4/10 of Ratanlal) 1.2 0.03 2.50 1.17 Satyanarayan (Son of 4/11 Radheshyam) 3.5 0.0985 2.81 3.40 ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 99 Impact on Private Land owners in Tower Base Area and below conductors during Stringing Exercise 4/12 Paramshwar 2.8 0.062 2.21 2.74 4/13 Balaram 1.9 0.111 5.84 1.79 4/14 Gopal 1.9 0.09 4.74 1.81 4/14 Kaluram NA 0.09 NA NA 4/15 Gopalkuvar 2 0.09 4.50 1.91 4/15 Lakhamsingh NA 0.039 NA NA 4/16 (3 legs) Surender singh 0.6 0.078 13.00 0.52 4/16 (1 leg) Babbu Singh NA 0.03 NA NA 4/17 Umrav Singh 1 0.111 11.10 0.89 Gopal (Son of AP5 Ratan lal) 1.9 0.12 6.32 1.78 7/8 Ramsingh 2 0.12 6 1.88 Total 64.3 2.44 3.8 61.85 From the discussions with the land owners along the transmission tower ROW, it is understood that the land owners were aware of the project, the extent of the RoW, the land use restrictions and their purpose and the compensation process. However, the land owners expressed apprehension about using the land in the immediate vicinity of the towers due to risks of injury or electrocution. Furthermore, according to the land owners, compensation was paid for only the crop loss during the construction activities, as discussed in the embedded measures. The land owners however, are unable to cultivate the land within the tower footprint and its immediate vicinity (2 meters along the perimeter of the tower) as they are unable to plough the land with tractors. This results in land owners usually not using the land in the tower footprint after the construction of the towers. This is especially important for those land owners who had less than 1 ha of land who are left with small land parcels which are unlikely to be economically viable. Embedded/ One of the critical measures taken by the project to reduce impact was the avoidance in built of structures, trees and water bodies during the identification of tower footing measures locations and RoW. Furthermore, as has been mentioned in Section 2.5, the compensation payment to all 27 land owners for excavation and tower erection has been paid by May 2017. This compensation has been paid in keeping with the electricity act, 2003 & the compensation for the crop is paid according to MP & Chhattisgarh Land revenue code, 1959. The crop compensation determined was based on the crop being grown on the land at the time of the activity, average yield of the crop, and the crop rate for the crop as determined by the agriculture & horticulture department. The assessment of loss was done in the presence of the land owners. The crop values of the key crops being grown on the land is listed as follows: S. No Crop Average Yield/Ha Value (INR/Kg) Gram 1090 80 Masoor 680 42 Garlic 6000 70 Corriander 890 61 Wheat 3880 16.5 Impact As the impact of construction activities along the tower base have only resulted in a Significance one-time crop loss of 0.42 ha and the overall impact on the land holding in the RoW is less than 10% of the total land holding (23 of the 27 land owners) in the area, the impact magnitude is assessed as small. The magnitude of the 3 land owners1, whose 1 One land owner could not be contacted during the ESIA process ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 100 Impact on Private Land owners in Tower Base Area and below conductors during Stringing Exercise more than 10% of the land holding is impacted, is higher. However, since the community is primarily dependent upon agriculture as a source of livelihood, the sensitivity is assessed as Medium. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with medium receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as minor. Additional In keeping with the Ministry of Power 2015 notification, RUMSL shall pay mitigation compensation for the base area in between the transmission tower (between four measures legs) @ 85 % of the land value as determined by the District Magistrate or any authority based on circle rate/ guideline value/ stamp value/ stamp act. In addition to this, a Resettlement Action Plan shall be prepared for the entire transmission line route in keeping with applicable reference framework requirements. The land owners impacted shall also have access to the grievance redressal mechanism formulated for the project. Residual The residual impact significance of the impact on private land owners in Tower Base impact Area and below conductors during Stringing Exercise significance is assessed as Negligible Impact on private land owners within RoW due to imposition of land use restrictions Context and The land in the 24 m RoW for the entire length of the transmission line is comprised receptor of 32.91 Ha of land. Of this, 20.55 Ha is agricultural land. There was no tree cutting/trimming or loss of structure along the RoW. However, the restrictions on land use along the transmission line route for maintaining a safe clearance distance of 7 m from the transmission wires is likely to cause diminution of land value. Furthermore, no land use changes in permitted along the RoW route. It is in keeping with these, that the MoP guidelines for payment of compensation for land within the RoW and the base area. These guidelines were formulated based on a report submitted by a committee headed by the special secretary of the union power ministry. This report noted the resistance being posed by land owners and farmers to the construction of transmission lines, demanding higher compensation owing to the diminution of land value below towers and under the corridor Embedded/ Presently no compensation has been provided to the land owners along the RoW in built measures Impact As the impact of construction activities along the RoW is limited to restrictions on Significance land use change and construction within the clearance distance, the impact magnitude is assessed as small. However, since the community is primarily dependent upon agriculture as a source of livelihood, the sensitivity is assessed as Medium. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with medium receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as minor. Additional In keeping with the Ministry of Power 2015 notification, RUMSL shall pay mitigation compensation towards diminution of land value in the width of the RoW corridor measures due to laying of transmission line @ 15 % of the land value as determined by the District Magistrate or any authority based on circle rate/ guideline value/ stamp value/ stamp act. In addition to this, a Resettlement Action Plan shall be prepared for the entire transmission line route in keeping with applicable reference framework requirements. The land owners impacted shall also have access to the grievance redressal mechanism formulated for the project. Residual The residual impact significance of the impact on private land owners within RoW impact due to imposition of land use restrictions is assessed as Negligible significance ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 101 Impact on local community due to loss of grazing land for Sub-station Context and The common property resources in the area comprise of government land (pasture receptor land and uncultivable waste land) used for grazing purposes. The pooling substation and Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park, being developed on government land, will result in the loss of 26.64% (553 Ha of 2077.9 Ha) of the total grazing land available to the local community in the villages in the AoI. While, the livestock and wildlife in the area are not restricted to any particular land parcel and are expected to shift to the remaining government land for grazing, this will result in the concentration of livestock and wildlife on the remaining land parcels. While the pre-project scenario, the dependence of livestock of grazing land was approx. 31.21 livestock heads to one hectare, this will increase slightly to 31.64 livestock heads to one hectare in the post project scenario. However, while the overall increase in density is minimal, there may be issues of grazing lands being demarcated amongst village and thus there being a risk of conflict amongst villages for access to grazing land. The transmission line RoW will not result in impacts on common property resources. Embedded/in built As part of the land allotment process, No-Objection from concerned Gram measures Panchayats was obtained for use. It is understood that the village Amba requested for 84.947 Ha of their grazing land to not be allocated. The same was taken into account, and is not part of the 553 ha allocated to the project. Furthermore, the RoW of the transmission line has been identified in a manner to reduce the impacts on the vegetation in the area. the RoW has also been identified in a manner to avoid any impact on the water bodies in the area Impact Significance As the land take for the substation and Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park will result in the loss of 27% of the grazing land for the local community in the AoI, the magnitude of impact is assessed as medium. Furthermore, as livestock holdings play a critical role in a household’s sustenance, as a source of nutrition and as a source of income, the sensitivity is assessed as medium. This is also in keeping with the cultural significance of maintaining livestock holdings. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of medium impact magnitude with medium receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as moderate. Additional No additional mitigation measures have been identified. The local community will mitigation measures however have access to the grievance redressal mechanism put in place for the project, and RMUSL will address their legitimate concerns. Residual impact The residual impact significance is expected to be minor significance Impacts Due to Labour Influx Context and receptor The peak man power requirement for the construction phase of the project is 150-200 workers, including unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled workers (Refer Section 2.2.1 above for details on the organization structure for construction works and man-power requirements). At present there are 82 contractual workers engaged in the project. The unskilled labourers employed were recruited from the local villages itself, while the semi-skilled and skilled labourers are reported to be migrant workers (25 in number). These migrant workers are primarily from the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and were involved in the construction activities during the months of March 2017-May 2017. While the number of labourers is very small in comparison to the local community (0.25%), the impacts could have been heightened due to the proximity of the labour camps to the villages. However, from the discussion with the local community it is understood that there have been no instances of ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 102 Impacts Due to Labour Influx conflict or unrest due to the presence of the labourers in the vicinity of the villages. This is primarily understood to be resultant from the labourers respecting the culture and traditions of the local community and serving as a source of economic opportunities for the small business owners in the villages. However, the labourers do resort to open defecation due to a lack of proper sanitation facilities. Mitigation measures The four contractors engaged for the project are responsible for ensuring implemented/observed adequate accommodation facilities for the labourers. The workers engaged in on site the foundation and erection activities for the transmission line were accommodated in a temporary camp near tapping point location. This camp is understood to be mobile and is shifted according to the movement of construction activities along the transmission line. As part of the contract agreement with the main EPC contractor (Bajaj Electricals) the following clauses have been included: • “Point 15: You shall include concrete safety measure in your execution programme from the point of view of securing the safety & social & environment measures during construction. Before commencement of work the details of safety plan & safety measures along with name of Officer appointed at the Project site for construction work must be submitted. • You shall comply with all applicable national provincial and local environmental laws and regulations. • Point 16.2: During continuance of the contract, the Contractor and his subcontractors shall abide at all times by all applicable existing labour enactments and rules made there under, regulations notifications and byelaws of the State or Central Government or local authority and any other labour law (including rules), regulations by-laws that may be passed or notification that may be issued under any labour law in future either by the State or the Central Government or the local authority.” The usual impacts linked to labour influx, their relevance in the project context and steps taken to mitigate them is provided in table below. Aspects of Impacts from Relevance to Project Mitigation Influx Measures Risk of conflict and social The workers are No specific unrest due to cultural primarily from the mitigation differences between the states of Uttar measures were put labourers and local Pradesh and Bihar. in place community Most of the workers were reported to be Hindu, and were understood to have similar cultural practices and beliefs Risk of spread of The lack of proper No specific communicable diseases due sanitation or waste mitigation to interaction of the management facilities measures were put labourers and local may result in vector in place community breeding and transmission diseases. However, the relevance of this impact is limited due to the low number of migrant workers ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 103 Impacts Due to Labour Influx involved in the project and the relatively short duration of the construction phase Risk of increase in As the workers are The workers were prostitution and violence mostly men, and are given regular against women not accompanied by breaks and vacation their families, there is time to visit their a risk of increase in families, especially prostitution in the during festival area and violence times such as holi against women Risk of increased pressure The relevance of this No specific on local resources due to an impact is limited due mitigation increase, especially basic to the low number of measures were put provisions, water, cooking migrant workers in place fuel etc involved in the project. Thus while, the labour camps were established near the villages, the overall increase in pressure on resources was negligible Risk of increase in diseases Due to the small No specific due to improper waste number of workers mitigation management and sanitation involved, the amount measures were put facilities for labour camp of waste generated in place was limited in nature Impact Significance As this impact is restricted to the construction phase and the proportion of migrant population is 0.25%, the impact magnitude is assessed as small. However, since the labour camps are usually established in close vicinity of the village settlements, the sensitivity is assessed as medium. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with medium receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as Minor Additional mitigation The following additional mitigation measures should be put in place to mitigate measures the negative impacts of the labour influx: • Adequate monitoring should be undertaken to ensure the contractor’s compliance to the applicable rules and regulations and provisions of the contractual agreement for the remaining duration of construction • health screening of migrant workers, • undertaking health awareness among the local community, • providing the local community of an understanding of the project activities and the possible health and safety risks associated with the same; • implementation of on-site vector control measures, • avoiding presence of unsanitary conditions and better facilities in the camp site, such as safe drinking water, proper waste collection and disposal system, etc. • Access to the local community and labourers to the grievance redressal mechanism for the project; Residual impact The residual impact significance will be negligible significance ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 104 Impact on Community Health and Safety Context and receptor The risk to the health and safety of the local community from the construction phase activities is expected to result from the following: • Waste generation from labour camp and construction activities • Dust and Noise emissions • Accidental spillage of hazardous waste and oils; • Accidents and injuries due to traffic and resource movement and movement of local community in vicinity of construction sites; • Health and Safety impacts from labour influx (discussed previously) While the closest settlement to the transmission line; Ghasoi village; is more than 500 m from the transmission line, the labour camps are established closer to the village settlements. Furthermore, the construction activities were undertaken in the months of March-May, which are not the peak agricultural seasons. While agricultural activities were being undertaken, these were understood to be limited. Thus, the main community health and safety impacts are likely to result from proximity of labour camps to the village settlements Mitigation measures The provisions for safety of the workers as part of the EPC contractor agreement implemented/observed have been discussed previously in the impacts from labour influx. The on site observations from the construction sites showed that on-site waste disposal practices in the labour camp is not proper to eliminate chances of vector breeding and transmission of diseases, as discussed in the embedded provisions for labour influx. Impact Significance As this impact is restricted to the construction phase and the community in the vicinity of the RoW, the magnitude is assessed as small. however, due to the sensitivities associated with the risk of accidents and injuries the receptor sensitivity is assessed as medium. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with medium receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as Minor Additional mitigation The mitigation measures have been discussed under the impact from labour measures influx Residual impact Post the implementation of the additional mitigation measures, the impact significance significance is expected to become negligible. Impact on Economy and Employment in the Study Area Context and receptor The construction phase of the project resulted in the creation of employment and economic opportunities for the local community. These economic opportunities comprised of the following: • Contractual employment of the local community as labourers in the project; • Contracting opportunities for locals possessing tractors hired by the project; • Creation of indirect opportunities for the local shop keepers and retail sellers due to the presence of migrant workers in the area, around the substation and Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park area; Mitigation measures Preference in the project for unskilled/semi-skilled workers and the hiring of implemented/observed tractors was given to the local community. Of the 82 workers employed in the on site construction activities, 57 are reported to be local community members. Furthermore, tractors were engaged by the project from the local community. Impact Significance The overall impact significance of the impact on economy and employment during the construction phase is assessed as positive ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 105 5.5.2 Impacts during Operations Phase Impacts of economic loss due to damage to standing crops during Maintenance work Context and receptor As discussed in Section 2.3.2, the regular maintenance activities during the operations phase, may result in crop loss and tree loss due to the following: • Crop loss due to movement of personnel and machinery for maintenance activities; • Trimming of trees and vegetation within 7 m height in the RoW. Planned/Implemented The compensation for the impacts of crop loss will be paid in keeping with the Mitigation Measures electricity act, 2003 and the MP & Chhattisgarh Land revenue code, 1959. The assessment of loss will be done in the presence of the land owners. As there is a restriction on growing tall trees in the RoW, these losses are not compensated Impact Significance As the impact of maintenance activities along the RoW are expected to be limited to crop loss during emergencies or major repair. The approximate overall impact on the land holding in the RoW is expected to be less than 10% of the total land holding in the area, the impact magnitude is assessed as small. However, since the community is primarily dependent upon agriculture as a source of livelihood, the sensitivity is assessed as Medium. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with medium receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as minor. Additional mitigation In addition to the embedded measures, a RAP is under preparation for the measures entire transmission line route, which will identify specific entitlements for crop loss. In addition to this, the local community members will have access the grievance redressal mechanism established by the project; Residual impact Post the implementation of the additional mitigation measure, the residual significance impact significance is expected to be reduced to negligible. Impact on Community Health and Safety Context and receptor The impacts on community health and safety during the operations phase are likely to result from: • Movement of traffic and machinery for maintenance; • Tower falling; • Wire snapping; • Exposure to herbicide/pesticides used for maintenance of RoW; • EMF generation and electromagnetic interference; • Electrocution However, since the closest settlement is located at a distance of more than 500 m from the transmission lines, these impacts are likely to be restricted to those using the land within the RoW. Planned • Risks to general public during operation will be reduced by public /Implemented awareness and education and physical measures by attaching an Mitigation Measures appropriate warning sign on all faces of the tower; • Once the stringing work is complete, notices and permanent anti climbing devices will be installed on the tower. The operational start date for electricity transmission and safety implications will be publicised locally in advance. Impact Significance • The nearest settlement (i.e. Ghasoi and Runija villages) are located at about 0.7 km and 1.5 km distance respectively from transmission line route; • There are no settlements within 1 km distance of Gujarkhedi pooling substation; ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 106 • As the closest settlement is more than 500 m away from the transmission line and substation, the magnitude and sensitivity is assessed as small and medium respectively. As per the impact significant assessment matrix (refer Figure 5.2) a combination of small impact magnitude with medium receptor sensitivity results in impact significance as minor. Additional mitigation The following additional mitigation measures have been identified for reducing measures the impacts on community health and safety: • undertaking health awareness among the local community focused on aspects such as electrical safety, risks of climbing the towers, do’s and don’ts in case of wire snapping or tower collapse etc. • access of the local community to the grievance redressal mechanism established by the project Residual impact Post the implementation of the additional mitigation measures, the impact significance significance is expected to be reduced to negligible. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 107 5.6 SUMMARY OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT Table 5.3 Summary of Impacts Category Impact Significance Impact Significance (post- (without mitigation mitigation) measures) Construction Phase Landuse and Land cover Negligible Not assessed. Change in Land use already happened. Soil environment Minor negligible. Water resources and quality Moderate Minor Drainage Negligible Not assessed, change in drainage pattern already happened. Ambient air quality Negligible No change in impact significance rating for remaining construction activities. Ambient noise quality Negligible No change in impact significance rating for remaining construction activities Occupational health and safety Minor to Moderate Minor Flora and fauna- vegetation Minor Minor Clearance Flora and fauna- Construction Minor Minor activities Impact on Private Land owners in Minor Negligible Tower Base Area and below conductors during Stringing Exercise Impact on private land owners Minor Negligible within RoW due to imposition of land use restrictions Impacts Due to Land Acquisition for Minor Minor Pooling Substation Impact on local community due to Moderate minor loss of grazing land for Sub-station Impacts Due to Labour Influx Minor negligible Impact on Community Health and Minor negligible. Safety Impact on Economy and Positive positive Employment in the Study Area Operation Phase Soil Environment Negligible Negligible Noise Quality Negligible Negligible Visual Impacts Negligible Negligible Electro-magnetic fields There are no specific standards or guidance on EMF in India however the Indian Electricity Act and Rules clearly stipulate the minimum clearances required. As per ICNIRP standards, the EMF generated by 220KV line is lesser than the suggested value. No change in impact significance rating. Health and safety Minor Minor Flora and fauna- Collision and Minor Minor Electrical hazards for avifaunal species ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 108 Category Impact Significance Impact Significance (post- (without mitigation mitigation) measures) Flora and fauna- Electrical hazards Negligible Negligible for mammalian species Impacts of economic loss due to Minor Negligible damage to standing crops during Maintenance work Impact on Community Health and Minor Negligible Safety ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 109 6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES This section provides an analysis of alternatives in relation to the Project, particularly in regard with the environmental and social criteria considered during project conception and planning phase. Since, the transmission line route is finalized for complete stretch (i.e. from Gujarkhedi pooling substation to Sitamau Grid substation), analysis of alternatives is carried out for complete route (Phase I and Phase II). It is to be noted that during ESIA study, the route for transmission line was already finalized and construction was at advance stage. Hence, a comparative analysis of alternative routes is done retrospectively and only to understand the environmental and social feasibility of other routes. While identifying the transmission system for evacuation of power from Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park, preliminary route selection was done by MPPTCL. Further optimization was done during detailed survey using GPS. During route alignment, all possible efforts were made to avoid the environmental and social sensitivities or to keep it to the minimum. 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CRITERIA FOR ROUTE SELECTION For selection of final route, following points were taken into consideration: • TL route does not involve any human settlement; • TL route does not affect/ minimum affect any archaeological/ cultural monument; • Avoid forest area; • TL route avoiding passing through any protected area such as National Park/ Wild life Sanctuary; • TL route avoid disturbance to public utility services such as school, playground, bus depots etc.; 6.2 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE ROUTE ALIGNMENT The comparative details of these alignments are given in Table 6.1. Table 6.1 Evaluation of Alternate Route Alignments S. No. Particulars Bee Line Route ALT-1 ALT-2(Finalized Alt-3 route) 1. Approximate Length 45 km 47 km 55 km 50 km of Route 2. Terrain Slightly Slightly Slightly Slightly undulating undulating undulating undulating 3. Landuse 76 % agricultural 77 % agricultural 53 % agricultural 73 % agricultural (approximate %) 24% non 23% non 47% non 27% non agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 110 S. No. Particulars Bee Line Route ALT-1 ALT-2(Finalized Alt-3 route) 4. Settlement/habitatio 5 5 Nil 2 n in RoW 5. Forest area Nil Nil Nil Nil 6. Historical/cultural Nil Nil Nil Nil monument 7. Major crossings: a. Railway 1 1 1 1 b. River 1 1 1 1 c. National Highway Nil Nil Nil Nil 8. Access Approachable by Approachable by Approachable by Approachable by village roads and village roads and village roads and village roads and cart tracks cart tracks cart tracks cart tracks 9. Overall Assessment • Shorter in • Shorter in • Longest in • Shorter in Linelength, Line length, Line length, Line length, • Easy • Easy • Easy • Easy approachabil approachabil approachabil approachabil ity; ity ity ity • Settlements • Settlements • No • Settlements present in present in settlements present in RoW; RoW; present in RoW; • Large • Large RoW; • Large agricultural agricultural • Lesser agricultural land land agricultural land involved in involved in land involved in RoW RoW involved in RoW RoW Reasons for Selection of Final Route From the above comparison of four different alternatives, it is evident that though the Alternative- 2 is longest in length than Alternative- Bee Line, I & III but does not involve any settlements in RoW and also percentage of agricultural land is lowest as compared to other alternative routes. Further, the route of Alternative-2 has better accessibility as it is very close to existing roads and therefore lesser degree of RoW issues as well as construction and O&M problems that are anticipated as compared to other alternatives. Based on above analysis, Alternative - 2 was considered as the most optimal route and is recommended for erection of transmission line. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 111 Figure 6.1 Map showing Alternate Routes for transmission line ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 112 7 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND PUBLIC DISCLOSURE This section provides an understanding of the key stakeholder groups identified for the project, their brief profiles and their key concerns from the project development. 7.1 STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION A stakeholder is “a person, group, or organization that has a direct or indirect stake in a project/organization because it can affect or be affected by the Project/organization's actions, objectives, and policies”. Stakeholders thus vary in terms of degree of interest, influence and control they have over the project. While those stakeholders who have a direct impact on or are directly impacted by the project are known as Primary Stakeholders, those who have an indirect impact or are indirectly impacted are known as Secondary Stakeholders. Keeping in mind the nature of the project and its setting, the key stakeholders groups have been identified and listed in the Table 7.1 given below. Table 7.1 Stakeholder Group Categorization Category Primary Stakeholder Secondary Stakeholder Community • Project Affected Land • Opinion holders & Owners of both the Community Leaders Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park and transmission line • Local Community • Vulnerable community Government Bodies/ • Local Gram Panchayats • State Administration Institutional Stakeholders • Regulatory Authority • District Administration Other Groups • Contractors and sub- contractors • Contractual Workers 7.2 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND ANALYSIS “Stakeholder Analysis” is understood as the process of identifying the individuals or groups that are likely to affect or be affected by a project, and sorting them according to their impact on the project and the impact the project will have on them. This information is then used to assess the manner in which the interests of the stakeholders should be addressed in the project plan, policy, program, or other action. The table below has been used to classify the identified stakeholders (directly or indirectly impacting the Project or being impacted by the project) in accordance to their levels of influence on the Project and the influence of the project on them. The influence and priority have both been primarily rated as: ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 113 • High Influence: This implies a high degree of influence of the stakeholder/project on the project/stakeholders in terms of participation and decision making or high priority to engage with the stakeholder; • Medium Influence: Which implies a moderate level of influence and participation of the stakeholder/project in the project/stakeholder as well as a priority level to engage the stakeholder which is neither highly critical nor are insignificant in terms of influence. • Low Influence: This implies a low degree of influence of the stakeholder/project on the project/stakeholder in terms of participation and decision making or low priority to engage that stakeholder. The intermediary categories of low to medium or medium to high primarily imply that their influence and important could vary in that particular range subject to context specific conditions or also based on the responses of the project towards the community. Keeping this wide scope of inclusion in stakeholder category and the long life of project, it is difficult to identify all potential stakeholders and gauge their level of influence over project at the outset of the project. Therefore project proponent is advised to consider this stakeholder mapping as a live document which should be revised in a timely manner so as to make it comprehensive for any given period of time. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 114 Table 7.2 Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis Stakeholder Profile Concern and Expectations Influence of Stakeholder on Influence of Project on Influence Category from the project Project Stakeholder Rating Primary Stakeholder Local The local community is an important The key concerns and • As informed, the project has • The project can prove Influence of Community stakeholder as the transmission line expectations of the stakeholder involved unskilled workers to be potential Stakeholder: is being erected on government land group from the project pertain from the surrounding employers of the local Low and private land in close proximity to: villages. community to agricultural fields • The stakeholder • The need-driven CSR Influence of The local community in the study Receiving benefits from the • consultations revealed that activities can play a Project: area is comprised of 5 villages. The project in terms of no formal village meetings critical role in the Medium community has an agrarian economy employment and or engagement has been development of the where cultivators and agricultural development of undertaken by the project community through labours form a major proportion of infrastructure and the team to apprise the economic opportunities the economically active population community community on the project. and CSR projects • Minimal disturbance to the • The stakeholder group may community with regards to have a significant role to access issues, pollution, play in the public opinion health and safety risks and formation towards the influx of migrant workers project Project This stakeholder group is comprised The main concerns and The influence of the stakeholder The main influence of Influence of Affected Land of the 27 private land owners whose expectations of the stakeholder group on the project will pertain project on the stakeholder Stakeholder: owners of both land is used for RoW of the project. groups towards the project to the efficacy with which the group will be in the form of High the Neemuch- In addition, there are 9 patta holders pertain to: land procurement for the project impact on use of land Mandsaur of the government land, whose land is completed. impacted by the project and Influence of Solar park & have been used for the Neemuch- • Adequate compensation creation of economic Project: High transmission Mandsaur Solar park for the crop loss due to The stakeholder group may also opportunities line. project activities; have a significant role to play in • Compensation for the land the public opinion formation under the tower footprint towards the project, especially as they are unable to since most of these land owners continue construction; will continue to use their land • Access to benefits from the for agricultural use project in terms of employment and development of infrastructure ; ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 115 Stakeholder Profile Concern and Expectations Influence of Stakeholder on Influence of Project on Influence Category from the project Project Stakeholder Rating • Minimal disturbance to the community with regards to access issues, pollution, health and safety risks and influx of migrant workers Vulnerable This stakeholder group is comprised The key expectations and This group’s influence on the Based on the understanding Influence of Groups of groups/households that are concerns of the stakeholder project stems from the group of the project and its Stakeholder: considered to be vulnerable due to group in regards to the project being part of a larger community. activities, the vulnerable Low their social, political or economic includes: However, the level of influence groups are not likely to be status in the society. exerted is expected to be lower severely impacted due to Influence of • Priority in economic due to their socio-economic the project activities. Project: For the project, the vulnerable benefits and development standing in the community however, any development Medium/High groups are identified as women & opportunities created by opportunities may have a women headed households, elderly, the project differential impact on the physically handicapped, landless • Minimal disturbance to the project and those with less than 1 ha of land community in regards to and families in the Below the access issues, pollution and Poverty Line Category. influx of migrant workers Local Gram This stakeholder group is comprised The expectations and concerns • The solar power projects are • The project can play an Influence of Panchayats of the lowest level of local of this group from the project: not legally required to important role in the Stakeholder: governance. The gram panchayats • Implementation of obtain a NoC from the Gram development of the Medium/High consist of one or more revenue community development Panchayats for setting up villages by villages and are the lowest level of programmes in the project, however, this undertaking CSR Influence of decision making bodies for consultation with the stakeholder group is crucial activities in Project: development activities in the villages Gram Panchayat and the in the smooth functioning of collaboration with the Medium local community the project. The involvement Gram Panchayat, • Preference to the local of Panchayat members has especially in areas community in contractor been kept limited by the where there is a and employment Project officials but since the paucity of government opportunities from the process of RoW funds project procurement is still in • Also, despite not being • Regular updates on the progress, Panchayat legally required to, the project activities and the members can influence the project has obtained opportunities from the decision making process of NoCs from the Gram same the land sellers and the Panchayats whose land • Minimal disturbance to the entire community, at large will be procured for community in regards to • This stakeholder may also the project play an important role in the ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 116 Stakeholder Profile Concern and Expectations Influence of Stakeholder on Influence of Project on Influence Category from the project Project Stakeholder Rating access issues, pollution implementation CSR and influx of migrant activities planned and the workers execution of other plans such as stakeholder engagement and grievance management Regulatory This stakeholder group is comprised The key expectations and • The failure of the project to • The influence of the Influence of Authorities of the central, state and district level concerns of the group from the comply with the various project on the Stakeholder: regulatory authorities. These project include: rules and regulations stakeholders pertains High authorities influence the project in • Project’s compliance to the applicable may play a role to the role the project terms of establishing policy, granting regulatory requirements in the timely will play in the Influence of permits and approvals for the • Timely disclosure of implementation of the development of power Project: Low project, monitoring and enforcing information and project evacuation networks in compliance with the applicable rules provisioning of updated • This stakeholder group is the area and regulations through the life of the also critical for various project permits/clearances required for the commissioning of the project District This stakeholder group is comprised The key expectations and • This stakeholder group is The influence of the project Influence of Administration of the government bodies at the concerns of the group from the critical for the obtaining of on the stakeholders pertains Stakeholder: district level. These bodies are vested project include: the various to the role the project will High with funds and decision making • Project’s compliance to the permits/clearances required play in the development of authority through the regulatory requirements for the commissioning of the power evacuation networks Influence of decentralization process. • Timely disclosure of project and its smooth in the area Project: Low Accordingly the bureaucracy, the information and functioning thereafter Block Development Officers, Block provisioning of updates • This group serves as Health Officers, Tehsildaar, Patwari, throughout the life of the important points of contact and Revenue Officer have become project between the state level extremely influential. authorities and the local community Contractors This stakeholder group is comprised The key expectations and • this stakeholder group is The influence of the project Influence of and Sub of the developer of the projects, concerns of the group from the critical for the smooth on the group pertains to the Stakeholder: contractors RUMSL and its sub-contractors. The project include: functioning and timely role of the project in High business opportunities and ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 117 Stakeholder Profile Concern and Expectations Influence of Stakeholder on Influence of Project on Influence Category from the project Project Stakeholder Rating project management contractor for • the role of the project in implementation of the the process of contract Influence of the project is MPPTCL continued economic project closure Project: High opportunity and work • this group may also play an generation important role in the • avoidance of any formation of public opinion reputational risks towards the project associated with the project due to any future community unrest or project activities • clarity in terms of scope of work, expectations, key performance indicators and timelines • timely and adequate disclosure of information to allow the project activities to be carried out • fair business opportunities and contract closure • business continuity Contractual This group is comprised of skilled The primary concerns and • this stakeholder group is The influence of the project Influence of Workers and semi-skilled workers, involved expectations of the stakeholder critical for the smooth on the group pertains to the Stakeholder: in the project on a contractual basis. group pertaining to the project functioning and timely roles of the project in the High This group is comprised of the semi- is as follows: implementation of the continuance of economic skilled workers involved in the • the role of the project in project opportunities, timely Influence of erection activities, and security. The continued economic • this group may also play an payment of wages and Project: High migrant population is comprised of opportunity, work important role in the ensuring the health and skilled worker and any number of generation and a source of formation of public opinion safety of the workers semi-skilled or unskilled workers income towards the project which are not available at the local • timely settlement of dues level and payments in keeping with the legal requirements • continued work opportunities • safety at work ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 118 Stakeholder Profile Concern and Expectations Influence of Stakeholder on Influence of Project on Influence Category from the project Project Stakeholder Rating Secondary Stakeholders Opinion This stakeholder group is comprised The expectations and concerns of this • This stakeholder These groups due to their Influence of Holders and of those individuals of the local group from the project: group may play an social status may already Stakeholder: Community community who hold traditional and • Receiving benefits from the project important role in have access to a number of Medium Leaders rational power. These stakeholder in terms of employment and the public opinion socio-economic group members include the elders, development of infrastructure and formation and opportunities and thus may Influence of community and political leaders in the community implementation of not be completely Project: Low the village and play a critical role in • Regular updates on the project the CSR activities dependent upon the project the decision making in the local activities and the opportunities planned for access to development community from the same opportunities • Minimal disturbance to the community in regards to access issues, health and safety and influx of migrant workers State The state administration is The main expectations and concerns of This stakeholder group The influence of the project Influence of Administration comprised of the state level agencies the stakeholder group from the project is also critical for the on the stakeholders pertains Stakeholder: of the various include: obtaining of the various to the role the project will High departments/authorities such as • Compliance to the regulatory permits/clearances play in the development of industries department, revenue requirements for the project required for the solar energy in the state Influence of department, labour department and • Project’s role in the development of commissioning of the Project: Low land department etc. the area project • Timely disclosure of information pertaining to the project activities ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 119 7.3 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF THE ESIA PROCESS As part of the ESIA for the project, the following consultations were undertaken. Table 7.3 Consultations undertaken for the Project Date Stakeholder Details 11th April ‘17 Discussion with Land owner of Transmission Line 12th April ‘17 Discussion with local community at Suwasara 12th April ‘17 Discussion with local community at Ghasoi 13th April ‘17 Discussion with Patwari of Suwasara Tehsil 13th April ‘17 Discussion with Tehsildar of Suwasra 13th April ‘17 Discussion with women group at Runija As part of these consultations an attempt was made to develop an understanding of the stakeholder group’s key concerns and expectations from the project, the stakeholder group’s perception of the project and to triangulate the secondary information available on the area. Figure 7.1 Consultations undertaken for the Project The key issues identified during these discussions were as follows: • Preference to local community in development: the local community representatives were of the opinion that as the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park and transmission line project are being set up on their village land, with some households losing agricultural land, the local communities should be given preference in terms of employment opportunities and small contracts. Within this, the impacted land owners should be given ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 120 preference. The community was of the opinion that the semi-skilled and unskilled should be given on a priority to the local community members. • Loss of grazing land: The Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park and pooling substation are located on government land which was earlier used by the community for grazing purposes. The diversion of this land will thus result in an increase on the pressure on the remaining grazing lands in the area. Also, as the pooling substation and Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park will create a boundary wall along the periphery there will also be a loss of access for the livestock and the community. The project should thus undertake development activities in the area in lieu of the lost grazing land; • Conflict with migrant labourers: the community was of the opinion that there have been no instances of conflict with the migrant workers for the project. According to the community, the migrant workers have been respectful to the community and mindful of the traditional practices in the area. However, the open defecation by the migrant workers, in resulting in the deterioration of the cleanliness and sanitary conditions of the outskirts of villages. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 121 8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN This Section presents the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for evacuation infrastructure of Mandsaur Solar Project of Neemuch- Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park and Gujarkheri Pooling substation phase I. The purpose of this ESMP is to specify the standards and controls required to manage and monitor environmental and social impacts during construction and operation phase. To achieve this, the ESMP identifies potential impacts from the planned activities and outlines mitigation measures required to reduce the likely negative effects on the physical, ecological and social environment.This is in accordance to World Bank Safeguard policies (Op 4.01, Annex C- Environmental Management Plan) and draft Environmental and Social Management Framework, February, 2017, which emphasizes the importance of managing social and environmental performance through the lifecycle of the Project. The purpose of ESMP is to: • List all suggested mitigation measures and control technologies, safeguards identified through the ESIA process; • Provide an institutional mechanism with well-defined roles and responsibilities for ensuring that measures identified in ESIA designed to mitigate potentially adverse impacts, are implemented; • Provide Project monitoring program for effective implementation of the mitigation measures and ascertain efficacy of the environmental management and risk control systems in place; and • Assist in ensuring compliance with all relevant legislations at local, state and national level for the Project. 8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN This section outlines the potential impacts, mitigation measures, monitoring and management responsibilities during construction and operation phases of the Project. In order to minimize adverse impacts during different phases of project lifecycle, mitigation measures, monitoring plan and responsibilities for its implementation are given in Table 8.1 Construction Phase ESMP Activity Potential Mitigation Measures Location Responsi Reporting Impacts or foot bility to RUMSL print applicab le Labour Health Provision of proper toilet facilities for Labour EPC Monthly Accommod hazards due labours (compliant to S.243 of the BOCW Camp Contract Report to ations/Shift to lack of Rules 1998) and as per provisions in IFC/ (which or RUMSL ing Labour health and EBRD () Guidance Note on Worker’s will be /Subcont Campsite sanitation Accommodation 2009. Some of the shifted ractor conditions important and relevant provisions to be and through complied are as follows: located ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 122 Activity Potential Mitigation Measures Location Responsi Reporting Impacts or foot bility to RUMSL print applicab le unavailability • Provision of potable water for near to of potable drinking from a source the water, poor recommended by Gram Panchayat transmis living or concerned Government sion line conditions, Department such as Public Health as disposal of and Engineering Department construct sewage on (PHED); ion open land etc. • Labours shall be guided to use the activities due to the sanitation facilities (toilets, urinal, progress temporary bathing and washing facilities) es) and shifting provided and under no nature of the circumstances open defecation shall labour camps be allowed. • The Sanitation facilities should be in accordance with the rural sanitation promoted through Govt’s Swachh Bharat Abhiyan; • At least one toilet/urinal/washing facility shall be available per 15 construction workers; • Men and women construction workers shall have separate sanitation facilities; • Arrangement for separate cooking area and supply of cooking fuel- LPG gas or kerosene oil; • Strict prohibition shall be maintained on use of fuel wood and shrubs from nearby areas as kitchen fuel by labours. • Provision of waste collection and segregation with two bins systems (bio-degradable and non-bio degradable) and encourage labours to use the same; • Waste disposal- identify existing locations for waste disposal in the area or create safe disposal pits for biodegradable waste. Non- biodegradable waste shall be stored and disposed to nearest Municipal waste disposal facility; • The sleeping or resting area (as in a temporary arrangement) should be adequate in size and appropriate to protect its occupiers from harsh weather conditions and keep their personal belongings safe.; • The EPC contractor to consult with the relevant Gram Panchayat before selecting the location of the labour camp; ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 123 Activity Potential Mitigation Measures Location Responsi Reporting Impacts or foot bility to RUMSL print applicab le • Temporary labour camps should not be located in proximity to water bodies. Storage of Contaminatio • Location of storage area shall be New EPC Monthly materials n of land, avoided on agricultural land and in storage Contract Report to water bodies, close proximity to water bodies area and or RUMSL agriculture wherever possible. However, in remainin /Subcont land circumstances if it is unavoidable, g tower ractor the land should be restored back to locations original condition so that it does not for tower affect productivity of the land; erection • Fire extinguishers should be made available in storage areas if inflammable substances like fuel, paints etc. are being stored; • Store all hazardous materials such as oils, paints, thinners, fuels etc. with secondary containment or hard surface; • Spill management kit shall be provided and immediately clean-up of any spillages. Constructio • Disturban • Tower components shall be placed Remaini EPC Monthly n Activities ce to properly at construction site, thereby ng tower Contract Report to at tower vegetatio reducing disturbance to surrounding locations or RUMSL locations- n and standing crop and vegetation.For the for tower /Subcont tower standing remaining construction works that erection ractor erection crop; require vegetation clearance, • Soil vegetation disturbance and clearance compacti should be restricted to the project on activity area; • Strict prohibition should be maintained on use of fuel wood and shrubs from nearby areas as kitchen fuel. Impact on • Proper arrangement for clean EPC Monthly water bathing/washing water would be Contract Report to resources and made at labour camps;; or RUMSL quality • Wastewater generated at labour /Subcont camp shall have proper disposal ractor arrangements such as septic tank and soak-pits. • Regular inspection for identification of water leakages and preventing wastage of water from water supply tankers; • Use of licensed contractors for management and disposal of waste and sludge. Disturbance to • Tower erection and transportation EPC Monthly fauna activities should be avoided at night Contract Report to (6:00 pm to 6:00 am); or RUMSL • Anti-poaching, trapping and /Subcont hunting policy among employees ractor ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 124 Activity Potential Mitigation Measures Location Responsi Reporting Impacts or foot bility to RUMSL print applicab le and contractors should be strictly enforced; and • General awareness regarding fauna should be enhanced through trainings, posters, etc. among the staff and labourers Stringing Clearance of • Prior approval should obtained from RoW of EPC Monthly Activities RoW Revenue Department for felling of Transmis Contract Report to trees within RoW; sion line or/Subco RUMSL • Minimum disturbance to ground ntractor vegetation and shrubs in the RoW during stringing. Health and Health and EPC contractor (and its sub-contractors) Remaini EPC Monthly safety safety risks should follow General Health and Safety ng tower Contract Report to measures covered in Chapter-VIII of the locations or/Subco RUMSL BOCW Act 1996, and Part-III of BOCW for tower ntractor Rules 1998. Some of the key provisions erection relevant for the EPC contractor are and mentioned below: RoW of • Adopt an H&S Policy if employing Transmis more than 50 construction workers; sion line • Manual lifting by adult men to be less than 55kg and for women it should be less than 30kg; • Eye protection for welding, cutting or similar operations which may cause hazard to eyes; • All persons performing construction work to wear safety shoes and helmets confirming to national standard; • Every worker engaged in handling sharp objects which may cause injury to hand shall be provided suitable hand gloves; • Erection of steel structure is considered as a hazardous work (ref. Rule 225, Schedule-IX of BOCW Rules 1998). Workers engaged in erection of transmission tower to follow safety measures in S.183 of the BOCW Rules 1998. The work should be carried out by experienced workers and they should use safety harness, lifelines, catchment etc. • EPC contractor shall ensure a First- aid Box is available at construction site and the contents of the First-Aid Box are compliant to Schedule-III of the BOCW Rules 1998. • EPC contractor shall ensure that health and safety procedures are in place and training on same are ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 125 Activity Potential Mitigation Measures Location Responsi Reporting Impacts or foot bility to RUMSL print applicab le provided to the workers prior to construction; • EPC contractor shall ensure that adequate PPEs and safety measures are used during stringing activity Once the stringing is complete, notices (danger sign boards) and anti-climbing devices to be put on all the faces of the tower; • Emergency contact numbers and route to nearest hospital shall be displayed at construction site. The local/host community shall be kept at safe distance from construction site. and Table 8.2 Operation Phase ESMP Activity Potential Mitigation Measures Location Responsi Reporting Impacts or foot bility to RUMSL print applicab le Soil Waste • Ensure hazardous waste oil and rags Substatio Testing Annual Environmen generation are properly labelled and stored n and Report to t onsite provided with impervious maintena RUMSL surface, shed and secondary nce containment system; division, • Ensure routine disposal of MPPTCL hazardous waste through approved vendors in accordance to Hazardous Waste and other Waste Management Rules, 2016 and records are properly documented; • Other wastes such as e-waste, used discarded batteries shall be disposed off in accordance to E-waste Rules and batteries management Rules; • Use of spill control kits to contain and clean small spills and leaks during O&M activities; • The guidelines and procedures shall be prepared and followed for immediate clean-up actions following any spillages. • Low frequency of painting as well as involving experienced personnel with mitigations like prior spread of sheets underneath the tower structure while painting could be considered. Electro- Passage of • Potential exposure to the public to be Transmis Testing Annual magnetic high voltage- maintained below the reference sion line and Report to Field Concern over levels developed by the International entire maintena RUMSL the potential Commission on Non-Ionizing route nce health effects Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) division, MPPTCL ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 126 Activity Potential Mitigation Measures Location Responsi Reporting Impacts or foot bility to RUMSL print applicab le Energising Flow of • Start date for electricity transmission All Testing Annual Power energy in and safety implication will be Tower and Report to Transmissio Transmission announced locally using public locations maintena RUMSL n Line line- Risk to announcement systems. nce public from • Fixing of permanent warning plates division, operation of (danger sign boards) MPPTCL high voltage • Fixing of anti-climbing devices on all transmiss faces of the towers ion line Occupation Health and • At Substation, SOPs will be prepared All Testing Annual al Health Safety Risks; for all O&M activities. Tower and Report to and Safety Electrical • The lock in-lock out system will be locations maintena RUMSL hazards followed during maintenance/ ; nce repair activities at substation and transmis division, transmission line; sion line MPPTCL • Records of incident/ accidents shall route; be maintained; Substatio • Root cause analysis shall be carried n out for any incident/ accident. Flora and Collision and Monitoring for any bird collision and All Testing Annual Fauna electrocution electrocution incident to be carried out Tower and Report to of birds for initial 2-3 years. If such incidents are locations maintena RUMSL significant, following measures shall be ; nce implemented: Substatio division, • Installing perch rejecter (Upright n MPPTCL “whisk brooms” on the cross arms; • In order to mitigate and minimize collision of birds, power line markers should be used which reduces the risk by increasing the visibility of overhead lines to birds. Electrocution • The substation area is to be fenced; Substatio Testing Annual of mammals • Security guards should be alert all n and Report to at substations the time so that langurs and maintena RUMSL macaques do not enter the substation nce area. division, MPPTCL Social Loss of any • Have provision to compensate All RUMSL Reporting crop or adequately any kind of damage to Tower in keeping agricultural the assets/crops/other properties of locations with SEP field during the local incurred due to project ; & GRM stringing or maintenance activities in keeping transmis requireme maintenance- with the RAP formulated sion line nt Economic • Ensure access of the local route; Regular impact due to community to the SEP & GRM reporting loss of crop/ formulated for the project at time of agricultural maintenan field ce activities Economic • Provide priority to the local All RUMSL Monthly Displacement- community for any contractual Tower progress Loss of opportunities during the operations locations reports income phase; ; sources due to ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 127 Activity Potential Mitigation Measures Location Responsi Reporting Impacts or foot bility to RUMSL print applicab le completion of transmis construction sion line phase route; Substatio n Risk to • Undertake health awareness All RUMSL Annual Community programmes among the local Tower reports health and community, locations Safety • Provide the local community of an ; understanding of the project transmis activities and the possible health and sion line safety risks associated with the same. route; This shall be done in keeping with Substatio the information disclosure process n put in place as part of the SEP for the project • Ensure access to the local community to the GRM for the project . As mentioned in Section 1.3.2 during period of ESIA study, construction activities, viz, foundation activities at transmission tower locations and substation were completed and tower erection was in progress. Hence, mitigation measures are provided only for the remaining construction activities and operation and maintenance activities. The mitigation measures, provided in this section shall be considered in conjunction with the EMP provided in tender document issued for the appointment of EPC contractor (Appendix 9 of Volume –I of tender specification). In addition to the ESMP put in place in the following tables, a Stakeholder Engagement Plan and Grievance Redressal Mechanism has been formulated for the project. This SEP & GRM (Annex E) shall be applicable through the project lifecycle. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 128 Table 8.1 Construction Phase ESMP Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location or Responsibility Reporting to foot print RUMSL applicable Labour Health hazards due to Provision of proper toilet facilities for labours (compliant to S.243 of Labour Camp EPC Contractor Monthly Report to Accommodations/Sh lack of health and the BOCW Rules 1998) and as per provisions in IFC/ EBRD (1) (which will be /Subcontractor RUMSL ifting Labour sanitation conditions Guidance Note on Worker’s Accommodation 2009. Some of the shifted and Campsite through unavailability important and relevant provisions to be complied are as follows: located near to of potable water, poor • Provision of potable water for drinking from a source the living conditions, recommended by Gram Panchayat or concerned Government transmission disposal of sewage on Department such as Public Health and Engineering Department line as open land etc. due to the (PHED); construction temporary and shifting • Labours shall be guided to use the sanitation facilities (toilets, activities nature of the labour urinal, bathing and washing facilities) provided and under no progresses) camps circumstances open defecation shall be allowed. • The Sanitation facilities should be in accordance with the rural sanitation promoted through Govt’s Swachh Bharat Abhiyan; • At least one toilet/urinal/washing facility shall be available per 15 construction workers; • Men and women construction workers shall have separate sanitation facilities; • Arrangement for separate cooking area and supply of cooking fuel- LPG gas or kerosene oil; • Strict prohibition shall be maintained on use of fuel wood and shrubs from nearby areas as kitchen fuel by labours. • Provision of waste collection and segregation with two bins systems (bio-degradable and non-bio degradable) and encourage labours to use the same; • Waste disposal- identify existing locations for waste disposal in the area or create safe disposal pits for biodegradable waste. Non-biodegradable waste shall be stored and disposed to nearest Municipal waste disposal facility; • The sleeping or resting area (as in a temporary arrangement) should be adequate in size and appropriate to protect its (1) IFC/EBRD: International Finance Corporation/ European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 129 Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location or Responsibility Reporting to foot print RUMSL applicable occupiers from harsh weather conditions and keep their personal belongings safe.; • The EPC contractor to consult with the relevant Gram Panchayat before selecting the location of the labour camp; • Temporary labour camps should not be located in proximity to water bodies. Storage of materials Contamination of land, • Location of storage area shall be avoided on agricultural land New storage EPC Contractor Monthly Report to water bodies, agriculture and in close proximity to water bodies wherever possible. area and /Subcontractor RUMSL land However, in circumstances if it is unavoidable, the land should remaining be restored back to original condition so that it does not affect tower locations productivity of the land; for tower • Fire extinguishers should be made available in storage areas if erection inflammable substances like fuel, paints etc. are being stored; • Store all hazardous materials such as oils, paints, thinners, fuels etc. with secondary containment or hard surface; • Spill management kit shall be provided and immediately clean- up of any spillages. Construction • Disturbance to • Tower components shall be placed properly at construction site, Remaining EPC Contractor Monthly Report to Activities at tower vegetation and thereby reducing disturbance to surrounding standing crop and tower locations /Subcontractor RUMSL locations- tower standing crop; vegetation.For the remaining construction works that require for tower erection • Soil compaction vegetation clearance, vegetation disturbance and clearance erection should be restricted to the project activity area; • Strict prohibition should be maintained on use of fuel wood and shrubs from nearby areas as kitchen fuel. Impact on water • Proper arrangement for clean bathing/washing water would be EPC Contractor Monthly Report to resources and quality made at labour camps;; /Subcontractor RUMSL • Wastewater generated at labour camp shall have proper disposal arrangements such as septic tank and soak-pits. • Regular inspection for identification of water leakages and preventing wastage of water from water supply tankers; • Use of licensed contractors for management and disposal of waste and sludge. Disturbance to fauna • Tower erection and transportation activities should be avoided EPC Contractor Monthly Report to at night (6:00 pm to 6:00 am); /Subcontractor RUMSL ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 130 Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location or Responsibility Reporting to foot print RUMSL applicable • Anti-poaching, trapping and hunting policy among employees and contractors should be strictly enforced; and • General awareness regarding fauna should be enhanced through trainings, posters, etc. among the staff and labourers Stringing Activities Clearance of RoW • Prior approval should obtained from Revenue Department for RoW of EPC Monthly Report to felling of trees within RoW; Transmission Contractor/Subc RUMSL • Minimum disturbance to ground vegetation and shrubs in the line ontractor RoW during stringing. Health and safety Health and safety risks EPC contractor (and its sub-contractors) should follow General Remaining EPC Monthly Report to Health and Safety measures covered in Chapter-VIII of the BOCW tower locations Contractor/Subc RUMSL Act 1996, and Part-III of BOCW Rules 1998. Some of the key for tower ontractor provisions relevant for the EPC contractor are mentioned below: erection and • Adopt an H&S Policy if employing more than 50 construction RoW of workers; Transmission • Manual lifting by adult men to be less than 55kg and for women line it should be less than 30kg; • Eye protection for welding, cutting or similar operations which may cause hazard to eyes; • All persons performing construction work to wear safety shoes and helmets confirming to national standard; • Every worker engaged in handling sharp objects which may cause injury to hand shall be provided suitable hand gloves; • Erection of steel structure is considered as a hazardous work (ref. Rule 225, Schedule-IX of BOCW Rules 1998). Workers engaged in erection of transmission tower to follow safety measures in S.183 of the BOCW Rules 1998. The work should be carried out by experienced workers and they should use safety harness, lifelines, catchment etc. • EPC contractor shall ensure a First-aid Box is available at construction site and the contents of the First-Aid Box are compliant to Schedule-III of the BOCW Rules 1998. • EPC contractor shall ensure that health and safety procedures are in place and training on same are provided to the workers prior to construction; ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 131 Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location or Responsibility Reporting to foot print RUMSL applicable • EPC contractor shall ensure that adequate PPEs and safety measures are used during stringing activity Once the stringing is complete, notices (danger sign boards) and anti-climbing devices to be put on all the faces of the tower; • Emergency contact numbers and route to nearest hospital shall be displayed at construction site. The local/host community shall be kept at safe distance from construction site. Table 8.2 Operation Phase ESMP Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location or Responsibility Reporting to foot print RUMSL applicable Soil Environment Waste generation • Ensure hazardous waste oil and rags are properly labelled and Substation Testing and Annual Report to stored onsite provided with impervious surface, shed and maintenance RUMSL secondary containment system; division, • Ensure routine disposal of hazardous waste through approved MPPTCL vendors in accordance to Hazardous Waste and other Waste Management Rules, 2016 and records are properly documented; • Other wastes such as e-waste, used discarded batteries shall be disposed off in accordance to E-waste Rules and batteries management Rules; • Use of spill control kits to contain and clean small spills and leaks during O&M activities; • The guidelines and procedures shall be prepared and followed for immediate clean-up actions following any spillages. • Low frequency of painting as well as involving experienced personnel with mitigations like prior spread of sheets underneath the tower structure while painting could be considered. Electro-magnetic Passage of high voltage- • Potential exposure to the public to be maintained below the Transmission Testing and Annual Report to Field Concern over the reference levels developed by the International Commission on line entire maintenance RUMSL potential health effects Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) route ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 132 Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location or Responsibility Reporting to foot print RUMSL applicable division, MPPTCL Energising Power Flow of energy in • Start date for electricity transmission and safety implication will All Tower Testing and Annual Report to Transmission Line Transmission line- Risk be announced locally using public announcement systems. locations maintenance RUMSL to public from • Fixing of permanent warning plates (danger sign boards) division, operation of high • Fixing of anti-climbing devices on all faces of the towers MPPTCL voltage transmission line Occupational Health Health and Safety Risks; • At Substation, SOPs will be prepared for all O&M activities. All Tower Testing and Annual Report to and Safety Electrical hazards • The lock in-lock out system will be followed during locations; maintenance RUMSL maintenance/ repair activities at substation and transmission transmission division, line; line route; MPPTCL • Records of incident/ accidents shall be maintained; Substation • Root cause analysis shall be carried out for any incident/ accident. Flora and Fauna Collision and Monitoring for any bird collision and electrocution incident to be All Tower Testing and Annual Report to electrocution of birds carried out for initial 2-3 years. If such incidents are significant, locations; maintenance RUMSL following measures shall be implemented: Substation division, • Installing perch rejecter (Upright “whisk brooms” on the cross MPPTCL arms; • In order to mitigate and minimize collision of birds, power line markers should be used which reduces the risk by increasing the visibility of overhead lines to birds. Electrocution of • The substation area is to be fenced; Substation Testing and Annual Report to mammals at substations • Security guards should be alert all the time so that langurs and maintenance RUMSL macaques do not enter the substation area. division, MPPTCL Social Loss of any crop or • Have provision to compensate adequately any kind of damage All Tower RUMSL Reporting in agricultural field during to the assets/crops/other properties of the local incurred due to locations; keeping with SEP stringing or project maintenance activities in keeping with the RAP transmission & GRM maintenance- Economic formulated line route; requirement impact due to loss of • Ensure access of the local community to the SEP & GRM Regular reporting crop/ agricultural field formulated for the project at time of maintenance activities ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 133 Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location or Responsibility Reporting to foot print RUMSL applicable Economic Displacement- • Provide priority to the local community for any contractual All Tower RUMSL Monthly progress Loss of income sources opportunities during the operations phase; locations; reports due to completion of transmission construction phase line route; Substation Risk to Community • Undertake health awareness programmes among the local All Tower RUMSL Annual reports health and Safety community, locations; • Provide the local community of an understanding of the project transmission activities and the possible health and safety risks associated with line route; the same. This shall be done in keeping with the information Substation disclosure process put in place as part of the SEP for the project • Ensure access to the local community to the GRM for the project ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 134 8.2 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTATION To ensure the efficacy of Environmental and social management plan, certain institutional mechanism with well-defined roles and responsibilities is essential for effective implementation of identified mitigation measures both during construction and operation phases. 8.2.1 Role of RUMSL RUMSL will have ultimate responsibility for implementing the provisions of the ESMP. This role will include the on-going management of environmental and social impacts, monitoring of contractor performance as well as development of mechanisms for dealing with environmental and social problems. RUMSL will also ensure that the activities of its contractors are conducted in accordance with good practice measures, implementation of which will be required through contractual documentation. 8.3 ROLE OF MPPTCL During construction phase, MPPTCL is being appointed by RUMSL as the PMC for the project to oversee the project development. During operation phase, the project will be handover to testing and maintenance division of MPPTCL and same will be responsible for operation and maintenance of the substation and transmission line. Following are the optional responsibilities of the MPPTCL • O&M or related functions; • Maintenance of internal power supply and water supply; • Security of substation and transmission line; • Operations & maintenance and waste disposal; and • Technical support services. 8.4 ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL OFFICER Currently, for the management of HSE at project level, Bajaj Electricals had appointed a HSE officer at site. At MPPTCL and RUMSL level, a personnel is nominated to oversee the development of project including HSE at project site. It is recommended to strengthen the organizational structure, an Environmental and Social Officer shall be appointed by RUMSL/MPPTCL. The key responsibilities include ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 135 • Overall responsibility for co-ordination of the actions required for environment and social management and mitigation and for monitoring the progress of the ESMP for the project; • Preparation of required documents on environmental and social management; • Ensuring availability of resources and appropriate institutional arrangements for implementation of ESMP; • Implementation of the health and safety measures; • Collection of the statistics of health of workers; • Providing support during routine medical checkups of workers; • Awareness and implementing safety programmes; • Providing job specific induction training; • Compliance of regulatory requirements; • Carrying out environmental audits; • Monitoring the progress of implementation of ESMP; • Facilitating consultations with stakeholders; • Assist PAPs to resolve their issues; and • Reviewing and updating the ESMP as and when required for its effective implementation. 8.5 MONITORING AND REPORTING RUMSL through the respective contractors will monitor the project to ensure conformity to the requirements of the ESMF. The monitoring will cover construction and operation phases. The list of impact performance indicators as provided in Table 8.3. will be used to monitor project objectives. The detailed monitoring checklist is provided as Annex F. The monitoring will be carried out through the environmental and social safeguard compliance reports that will form a part of Monthly Progress Reports (MPR) for the project during construction phase and monthly and annual reports during operation phase. Besides this, regular visits by the E&S officer shall also be carried out for monitoring of ESMP implementation on site. Delegated personnel shall require to fully complying with the reporting programme in terms of both timely submissions of reports as per acceptable level of detail. Table 8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring Indicators S.No. Activity/ Issue Monitoring Measures Frequency of Responsible Monitoring Agency Construction Phase A. Environmental Indicators 1. Labour Camp • Location of labour accommodation in Monthly basis RUMSL/ relation to local village settlement MPPTCL • Availability of adequate potable water in labour camp and at construction site ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 136 S.No. Activity/ Issue Monitoring Measures Frequency of Responsible Monitoring Agency • Adequate toilet and bathing facilities and their maintenance • Adequacy of process of waste water disposal • Source of cooking fuel • Use of wood as a cooking fuel • Adequate lighting and ventilation in labour camo • Is an emergency response plan in place for the site and are the emergency contact details displayed in the camp • Number of first aid kit available and required first aid medicine filled? • Key Health (Malaria/ dengue/fever/ any other) issues reported during the last month 2. Tower erection and • Use of PPEs at site; Monthly basis RUMSL/ stringing; • Toolbox talks prior to start of work; MPPTCL Development of • Availability of emergency contact substation numbers; • Disposal of waste materials; B Social Indicators 1. Impact due to crop • Monitoring of the implementation of Weekly RUMSL/ loss, allocation of the SEP and GRM for the Basis/ MPPTCL patta land and Loss project against the indicators Monthly Basis of livelihood or identified in it source of livelihood C. Regulatory Availability of required regulatory Monthly basis RUMSL/ Compliance permissions; MPPTCL Compliance to applicable environmental and labour laws. Operation Phase A. Environmental Indicators 1. Waste generation at Quantity of hazardous waste generated Annual basis RUMSL substation and its disposal at substation 2. Disposal of batteries Number of batteries disposed Annual basis RUMSL 3. Health and Safety • Availability of PPEs; Annual basis RUMSL • Availability of procedures for preventive maintenance along transmission line and substation; • Records of incident/ accidents and their root cause analysis; • Display of emergency contact numbers; • Availability of fire fighting equipments at substation. 4. Electromagnetic • EMF levels Annual basis RUMSL Field 5. Fauna • Records of bird hit or electrocution of Annual basis RUMSL langurs and macaques B Social ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 137 S.No. Activity/ Issue Monitoring Measures Frequency of Responsible Monitoring Agency 1. Impacts due to crop Payment of entitlements and Monthly basis RUMSL/ loss compensation in keeping with the RAP MPPTCL formulated for the project 2. Community health The implementation of the SEP and GRM Monthly basis RUMSL/ and safety formulated for the project and monitoring MPPTCL against the indicators identified in it C. Regulatory Availability of required regulatory Annual basis RUMSL/ Compliance permissions; MPPTCL Compliance to applicable environmental and labour laws. External Reporting and Communication E&S officer is responsible for ensuring that communication with government agencies and stakeholders are maintained as per the requirement. All complaints and enquiries are to be appropriately dealt with and records be maintained in a Complaint/Enquiry Register by the E&S officer. The reporting to World Bank on Environmental and social performance of the project shall be done as agreed in contract. 8.6 BUDGET The project will have its own budget for implementation of ESMP and RAP. As mentioned earlier, project is currently under advance stage of construction, hence budget heads for planning and construction stage are not provided. The budget heads for O&M stage will include cost towards • Wastewater treatment; • Personal protective equipment; • Health & Safety; and • Hazardous material transportation & disposal An indicative budgetary allocation for ESMP implementation during O& M stage is provided in Table 8.4. Table 8.4 Indicative Budgetary allocation for EMP Implementation- O&M phase S. N. Particular Capital Cost Recurring Cost (INR (INR in lakhs) in lakhs) per annum Environment 1. Wastewater treatment- septic tank and 0 1.5 soak pits 2. Waste Management 5.0 1.5 3. Environment, health and safety training 5.0 3.0 and EMP evaluation 4. Facility Management for Housekeeping 1.0 2.0 Total 11.0 8.0 Social ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 138 S. N. Particular Capital Cost Recurring Cost (INR (INR in lakhs) in lakhs) per annum Livelihood restoration and CSR As per RAP being prepared for the project Note: The above cost does not include cost of manpower needed for the EMP implementation 8.7 TRAINING PROGRAMME AND CAPACITY BUILDING Training is needed for effective implementation of ESMP. The training programme will ensure that all concerned members of the team understand the following aspects: A good understanding of the WB/IFC safeguard requirements Purpose of management plan for the project activities; Requirements of the management plan and specific Action Plans; Understanding of the sensitive environmental and social features within and surrounding the project areas; and Aware of the potential risks from the Project activities. RUMSL in coordination with the educational / research institutions in the country who have substantial experience in the environmental and social management sector including a good understanding of the WB/IFC safeguard requirements, shall conduct classroom training sessions for all staff likely to be involved in sub-project planning & implementation. The E&S officer can also be one of the resource persons for conducting such training programs. The training shall focus on the environmental, health and safety and social issues. The contents will basically focus on the ESMF concept, regulatory requirements, Environment and Social priority issues, project cycle, outline of Environmental Assessment / Social Assessment and report formats in respect of the Environmental aspects. In respect of social aspects the course content will focus on the R & R policies and procedures, Land Acquisition process, identification of PAPs, Social entitlement frameworks, social assessment, RP techniques, and Risk Assessment and management skills. The typical training modules for formal class room training could cover the following: • Module 1 - ESMF Profile (Concept, regulatory requirements, ESA, reports and formats) • Module 2 - Environmental Assessment Process (Environmental Laws & Regulations, EIA process, Identification of Environmental Impacts, Impact Identification Methods, Identification Mitigation Measures, Formulation of Environmental Management Plan, Implementation and Monitoring, Institutional Mechanism) • Module 3 - Social Assessment Process (Description of R&R, tribal and gender frameworks and procedures and National requirements, LA process, Necessity for RAP and its preparation process) ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 139 The program should be structured in such a way that it clearly brings out the value addition and enhancement benefits of proper management of environmental and social issues. Also general environmental awareness will be increased among the project’s team to encourage the implementation of environmentally sound practices and compliance requirements of the project activities. This will help in minimising adverse environmental impacts, compliance with the applicable regulations and standards, and achieving performance beyond compliance. The same level of awareness and commitment will be imparted to the contractors and sub-contractors prior to the commencement of the project. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 140 9 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION The ESIA has assessed the overall acceptability of environmental and social impacts likely to arise as a result of construction and operation of transmission line system for the internal evacuation and associated transmission lines of the Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar park project. The project is categorised as category B as the social or environmental impacts are assessed as limited, few in number, site-specific, largely reversible, and readily addressed through mitigation measures. The project is assessed to generate environmental and social impacts owing to land access and the spread of transmission corridor. Issues pertaining to compensation for hindrances to use of land and crop, health concerns due to erection of transmission line are considered to be important. The ongoing construction activities had changed the baseline conditions to some extent. Mitigation measures for potential impacts on Air, Land, Noise, Ecology, and Socio-economics have been specified through proper follow up of best practice of • compensation, public disclosure, grievance management • application of standards for Health and Safety for tower erection and stringing activities. • clearances and permits required for each sub activity Environmental and Social Management Plan describe implementation mechanism for recommended mitigation measures together with post project monitoring to verify overall project performance. This ESIA study together with mitigation measures and follow up of recommendations on management actions will help RUMSL in complying with the environmental standards. ERM RUMSL: REVISED FINAL ESIA REPORT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE OF MANDSAUR SOLAR PROJECT - PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 May 2018 141 CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I INTRODUCTION I PROJECT DESCRIPTION I APPLICABLE REFERENCE FRAMEWORK IV CURRENT BASELINE STATUS IV POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS VI ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES XII STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE XII ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN XIII GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM XIII RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) XIII RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION XIII 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 2 1.3 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 2 1.4 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF ESIA 3 1.5 APPROACH AND KEY TASKS FOR THIS ESIA STUDY 4 1.6 LIMITATIONS 6 1.7 REPORT STRUCTURE 7 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 8 2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT SITE 8 2.2 PROFILE OF THE PROJECT ROUTE 4 2.3 OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE PROJECT 13 2.4 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS AND ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE 17 2.5 LAND REQUIREMENT AND ALLOTMENT PROCESS 20 2.6 NEEMUCH-MANDSAUR SOLAR PARK ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 27 3.1 APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND STATE LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS 27 3.2 INDIAN LABOUR LAWS 31 3.3 RELEVANT WORLD BANK GROUP SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS 31 3.4 IFC PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 33 3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK OF MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY 35 4 CURRENT (BASELINE) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STATUS 37 4.1 LOCATION CHARACTERISTICS 37 4.2 STUDY AREA 37 4.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE OF THE STUDY AREA 41 4.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT- FLORA AND FAUNA 49 4.5 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE OF THE STUDY AREA 62 5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS 69 5.1 INTRODUCTION 69 5.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 69 5.3 IMPACTS ON PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 82 5.4 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 93 5.5 IMPACTS ON SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 99 5.6 SUMMARY OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT 108 6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 110 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CRITERIA FOR ROUTE SELECTION 110 6.2 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE ROUTE ALIGNMENT 110 7 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND PUBLIC DISCLOSURE 113 7.1 STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION 113 7.2 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND ANALYSIS 113 7.3 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF THE ESIA PROCESS 120 8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 122 8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 122 8.2 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTATION 135 8.3 ROLE OF MPPTCL 135 8.4 ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL OFFICER 135 8.5 MONITORING AND REPORTING 136 8.6 BUDGET 138 8.7 TRAINING PROGRAMME AND CAPACITY BUILDING 139 9 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 141 List of Table Table 0.1 Brief Description of Project I Table 0.2 Summary of Land Requirement for Project III Table 0.3 Summary of Current Baseline Status IV Table 0.4 Summary of Impacts VI Table 0.5 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis XII Table 0.6 Consultations undertaken for the Project XII Table 1.1 Project Components- Phase I 2 Table 1.2 Status of Phase-I Implementation at the time of ESIA 3 Table 1.3 Key tasks under this ESIA study 5 Table 1.4 Structure of the report 7 Table 2.1 Brief Description of Project 8 Table 2.2 Project Components for the Phase-1 of the project 4 Table 2.3 Profiling of Transmission Line Towers 6 Table 2.4 Brief on Construction Activities 13 Table 2.5 Present Labour Force for the Project 18 Table 2.6 Summary of Land Requirement for Project 20 Table 3.1 Applicable National and Social Legislations 28 Table 3.2 Applicable Labour Acts 31 Table 3.3 Applicable World Bank Safeguards 31 Table 3.4 Applicability of IFC Performance Standards 33 Table 3.5 Key Objectives of the IFC Performance Standards 34 Table 3.6 Summary of Entitlements provided in ESMF 35 Table 4.1 Rainfall for Mandsaur district, in mm (2012- 2015) 48 Table 4.2 Habitats in Study Area 50 Table 4.3 Candidate Critical Habitat Species (Criteria 1-3) and Assessment 60 Table 4.4 Madhya Pradesh Demographic Profile 62 Table 4.5 Mandsaur district Demographic Profile vis-à-vis Madhya Pradesh 63 Table 4.6 Demographic Profile of the Study Area 64 Table 4.7 Proportion of SC and ST Population 64 Table 4.8 Literacy Rate in Study Area 65 Table 4.9 Land Holdings Sizes in the Study Area 66 Table 4.10 Proportion and Break up of Working Population in the Study Area 66 Table 4.11 Productivity and related costing of major crops in Study Area 67 Table 4.12 Livestock Heads in Mandsaur District 68 Table 5.1 Screening for Impacts 71 Table 5.2 Interaction Matrix of Project Activities and Key Environment and Social Receptors for Identification of Potential Impacts 77 Table 5.3 Summary of Impacts 108 Table 6.1 Evaluation of Alternate Route Alignments 110 Table 7.1 Stakeholder Group Categorization 113 Table 7.2 Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis 115 Table 7.3 Consultations undertaken for the Project 120 Table 8.1 Construction Phase ESMP 129 Table 8.2 Operation Phase ESMP 132 Table 8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring Indicators 136 Table 8.4 Indicative Budgetary allocation for EMP Implementation- O&M phase 138 List of Figure Figure 2.1 Survey of India Toposheet showing transmission line- Phase 1 and Neemuch- Mandsaur Solar park 2 Figure 2.2 Selected Photos along the Transmission Line route observed during site visit 3 Figure 2.3 Map showing road network in area 9 Figure 2.4 Layout map of Gujarkhedi pooling substation 10 Figure 2.5 Photographs of under construction Pooling substation 11 Figure 2.6 Schematic of temporary power evacuation arrangements at tapping point 12 Figure 2.7 Photographs of undergoing construction activities at Transmission tower locations 15 Figure 2.8 Organizational Structure for project management- Construction phase 17 Figure 2.9 Labour Accommodation at Site 18 Figure 2.10 RoW Procurement Process Followed 23 Figure 4.1 Study area map 40 Figure 4.2 Landuse and land cover map of study area 42 Figure 4.3 Site levelling at substation location and topography of surrounding area 43 Figure 4.4 DEM map of the Study area 44 Figure 4.5 Drainage map of the study area 46 Figure 4.6 Habitat surveyed in the Study Area 51 Figure 4.7 Avifaunal Species observed within the Study Area 53 Figure 4.8 Mammalian Species observed within the Study Area 56 Figure 4.9 Protected Areas in Madhya Pradesh 57 Figure 4.10 Map showing estimated migration routes for Anatidae species in the Central Asian Flyway 58 Figure 4.11 Production and Productivity of Major Crops in Mandsaur district: 2004 - 2008 67 Figure 5.1 Impact Assessment Process 69 Figure 5.2 Impact Significance table 80 Figure 5.3 Electrical Pole Modification 98 Figure 6.1 Map showing Alternate Routes for transmission line 112 Figure 7.1 Consultations undertaken for the Project 120 Annex A Methodology followed for ESIA Study 1 METHODOLOGY FOR ESIA STUDY The following tasks were carried out by ERM for this study: 1.1 KICK OFF MEETING AND DOCUMENT REQUEST Prior to the mobilization of the team for the scoping visit, ERM shared a request for information with RUMSL. The purpose of this request for information was to provide the ERM team with an understanding of the project, its components and the potential influence area. As a response to the request for information, the following documents were made available by RUMSL: • Proposed transmission line route and coordinates; • Proposed connectivity of the transmission lines to the two substations; • Technical specifications of the transmission line and substation; and • Project schedule. A two member ERM team comprised of environmental and social expert had a kick off meeting with the project representatives from RUMSL, MPPTCL and NTPC on 28th March 2017. The key discussion points during kick off meeting include: • Two separate ESIA studies to be carried out for Phase I and Phase II of the project; • Status of land acquisition for Phase I and Phase II; • Inclusion of additional 9 PAFs of solar park in ESIA study for Phase I; and • Assessment of design and construction stage impacts of Phase I retrospectively. 1.2 SITE RECONNAISSANCE Based on the coordinates and layout made available, the ERM team undertook a desk based screening of the project corridor to identify environmental and social features within 2 kms of the project corridor (1 km on each side of transmission line). Afterwards, ERM team undertook a site reconnaissance visit on 29th and 30th March 2017. The site reconnaissance visit covered the following sites: • Gujarkhedi pooling station; • The transmission line route for both Phase 1 and 2; • Proposed Sitamau Substation location; • Under construction Neemuch-Mandsaur Solar Park; • Key crossings along the transmission line route, such as the Chambal River crossing, village road crossings and the Railway crossing • Labour Camp for Gujarkhedi substation and transmission line towers ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 A1 A few consultations with stakeholders were also carried out during this site visit. The key stakeholders included: • Site representatives of MPPTCL and NTPC; • Local land owners whose land is impacted by project; and • Contractors and contractual workers at Gujarkhedi pooling station and transmission line. Following observations were made during site reconnaissance: • The site levelling and preparation at substation location was completed and construction activities were undergoing; • The construction activities for solar park in vicinity of substation were also undergoing; • The labour accommodation was provided at under construction control room at substation and near tapping point for transmission line workers; • Foundation activities for all transmission towers was completed and 17 towers were erected; • The landuse of the transmission line route is mostly plain agricultural land; • Water supply for construction activities at substation was met through ground water abstraction and for transmission towers, tanker water supply was utilized; • Most of the water bodies present in the study area were observed dried; Based on the site reconnaissance, scoping exercise for the ESIA study was carried out. 1.2.1 Site Visit and Stakeholder Consultations ERM team comprised of environment, ecology and social expert conducted the site- survey for the project from 10th to 14th April, 2017. During site visit, following activities were undertaken: Table 1.1 Field Visit activities S. Activity Date No. 1. Kick off meeting with RUMSL representative 10th April 2. Meeting with Patwari of Gujarkhedi, Suwasra & Tehsil officer of Suwasra. 10th April 3. Commencement of household socio-economic survey of the PAFs (Survey 11th April of 9 PAFs of Solar park) 4. Kick off meeting with MPPTCL & Bajaj electrical representatives. 11thApril 5. Survey of 8 PAF of the transmission line was conducted. 12th April 6. Discussion with Local community of Runija village to understand their views of the project. 7. Survey of 16 PAF of the transmission line was conducted 13th April 8. Ecological Survey 12-14 April 9. Discussion with forest department officials 14th April ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 A2 Few stakeholder consultations were also undertaken as part of this study. This helped in understanding stakeholder views on the project and in identifying issues/impacts so far and potential/perceived impacts that should be taken into account in the prediction and evaluation of impacts. Consultations with the stakeholder were undertaken at different locations in the transmission line stretch wherever possible. Details of stakeholder consultations are given in Section 7 of ESIA report. 1.3 COLLECTION OF SITE RELATED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY INFORMATION The information available in published literature and reports were collected to describe the environmental and social baseline. Besides this, limited primary information on ecology and social baseline was also collected. This information was used for impact assessment and designing an appropriate environment and social mitigation & management program (discussed in Section 4 of the ESIA report). 1.4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT The impact assessment comprised of four steps (as illustrated in Figure 1.4 below): impact prediction, impact evaluation, mitigation and enhancement, and finally, residual impact evaluation. Figure 1.1 Impact Assessment Process The impacts’ intensity was assessed using a matrix showing major, medium, minor or insignificant impacts on the environment and communities in the study area (the methodology is further elaborated in Section 5 of this report). 1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) The results of ESIA study formed the basis of the ESMP. The ESMP incorporated measures and procedures for the short and long-term environmental and social management of the project during its various stages. ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 A3 As part of the ESMP specific management plans are also prepared for the project. Specific plans which were prepared include the following: • Stakeholder Engagement Plan; • Grievance Redressal Mechanism; and • Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan for PAPs of Solar Park. ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 A4 Annex B Maps showing RoW of Transmission Line Figure 1. Map of Transmission Line RoW- Segment 1 ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 B-1 Figure 2. Map of Transmission Line RoW- Segment 2 ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 B-2 Figure 3. Map of Transmission Line RoW- Segment 3 ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 B-3 Figure 4: Map of Transmission line RoW- Segment 4 ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 B-4 Annex C Flora and Fauna of Study Area Table 1 Vegetation Classification of the Region Area Type Classification Plant Diversity Centers of India1 Semi –arid zone Biogeographic Province of India1 Semi arid-Gujarat Rajputana Phyto-geographical regions of India2 Deccan Plateau Agro Ecological Sub Region (Indian Council of Subregion :13, AESR :5.2, Western Malawa Agricultural Research) 3 Plateau, Potential cropping system :3 Agro-Climatic Region (Planning Commission)3 Subzone :24,Agro climatic zone:9.3,Region : Central plateau, Potential cropping system :3 Agro Climatic Zone (National Agricultural Malawa plateau Agro climatic Zone Research Project)3 Source: 1Wildlife Institute of India, 2H.J. Chaudhary & S.K. Murty 2000 Plant Diversity and Conservation in India-an overview Bishen Singh Mahendrapal Singh Pubs. 3Agriculture Contingency Plan-Jaisalmer, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India Table 2 Amphibians observed/recorded from the Study Area S.No. Common Name Scientific Name Source WPA Family Schedule / IUCN Status 1 Common Indian Toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus Bufonidae CC+PS -/ LC 2 Indian Pond Frog Euphlyctis hexadactylus Dicroglossidae CC+PS -/LC Notes: LC-Least Concern; PS-Species spotted during April 2017 survey; CC-Community Consultation Table 3 Reptiles observed/reported from the Study Area S. No.. English / Popular Scientific Name Family Sources WPA Name Schedule / IUCN Status 1. Spectacled Cobra Naja naja Elapidae CC II/LC 2. Common Indian Krait Bungarus fasciatus Elapidae FD+CC II/LC 3. Indian Rat snake Ptyas mucosus Colubridae FD+CC+PS II/LC 4. Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis Colubridae CC II/ LC piscator 5. Russell’s Viper Daboia russelii Viperidae FD+CC II/ LC 6. Bengal Monitor Varanus Varanidae FD+CC I/ LC bengalensis 7. Keeled Grass Skink Eutropis carinata Scincidae FD+CC+PS -/ LC 8. Indian Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Agamidae FD+CC+PS -/- 9. Fan-throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana Gekkonidae FD+CC+PS -/LC Notes: LC-Least Concern, FD-Presence verified with Forest Department (Forest Management Plan); PS- Species spotted during April 2017 survey; CC-Community Consultation Table 4 Avifaunal Species observed in the Study Area S Common Name Scientific Name Family Migratory CMS A/ Conservatio No Status Appen T n Status dices IUC WPA, N 72 1. Black Kite** Milvus migrans Accipitrida Resident - T LC I e 2. Black Shouldered Elanus axillaris Accipitrida Resident - T LC I Kite** e ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 C1 S Common Name Scientific Name Family Migratory CMS A/ Conservatio No Status Appen T n Status dices IUC WPA, N 72 3. Shikra** Accipiter badius Accipitrida Resident - T LC I e 4. Short-toed Snake Circaetus gallicus Accipitrida Resident - T LC I Eagle** e 5. Egyptian Neophron Accipitrida Resident I T EN I Vulture** percnopterus e 6. Ashy crowned Eremopterix Alaudidae Resident - T LC IV Sparrow Lark** griseus 7. Rufous Tailed Ammomanes Alaudidae Resident - T LC IV Lark** phoenicura 8. Common Alcedo atthis Alcedinida Resident - T LC IV Kingfisher** e 9. Lesser Whistling Dendrocygna Anatidae Resident - A LC IV Teal** javanica 10. Bar-headed Anser indicus Anatidae Migratory II A VU IV Goose+ 11. Common Aythya farina Anatidae Migratory II A LC IV Pochard+ 12. Common Teal+ Anas crecca Anatidae Migratory II A LC IV 13. Cotton Pygmy- Nettapus Anatidae Resident - A LC IV Goose+ coromandelianus 14. Greylag Goose+ Anser anser Anatidae Migratory II A LC IV 15. Indian Spot Billed Anas Anatidae Resident II A LC IV Duck** poecilorhyncha 16. Northern Pintail+ Anas acuta Anatidae Migratory II A LC IV 17. Northern Anas clypeata Anatidae Migratory II A LC IV Shoveler** 18. Red-crested Netta rufina Anatidae Migratory II A LC IV Pochard+ 19. Ruddy Shelduck** Tadorna ferruginea Anatidae Migratory II A LC IV 20. Tufted Duck+ Aythya fuligula Anatidae Migratory II A LC IV 21. Asian Palm Swift** Cypsiurus Apodidae Resident - T LC IV balasiensis 22. House Swift** Apus nipalensis Apodidae Resident - T LC IV 23. Cattle Egret** Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae Resident - T LC IV 24. Indian Pond Ardeola grayii Ardeidae Resident - A LC IV Heron** 25. Intermediate Mesophoyx Ardeidae Resident - A LC IV Egret** intermedia 26. Little Egret** Egretta garzetta Ardeidae Resident - A LC IV 27. Grey Heron** Ardea cinerea Ardeidae Resident - A LC IV 28. Indian Grey Ocyceros birostris Bucerotida Resident - T LC I Hornbill+ e 29. Pied Kingfisher** Ceryle rudis Cerylidae Resident - A LC IV 30. Red Wattled Vanellus indicus Charadriid Resident - T LC IV Lapwing** ae 31. Yellow Wattled Vanellus Charadriid Resident - T LC IV Lapwing** malabaricus ae 32. Kentish Plover+ Charadrius Charadriid Migratory II T LC IV alexandrines ae 33. Little Ringed Charadrius dubius Charadriid Resident II T LC IV Plover** ae 34. Plain Prinia** Prinia inornata Cisticolida Resident - T LC IV e 35. Black Stork** Ciconia nigra Ciconiidae Migratory II A LC IV ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 C2 S Common Name Scientific Name Family Migratory CMS A/ Conservatio No Status Appen T n Status dices IUC WPA, N 72 36. Painted Stork** Mycteria Ciconiidae Resident - A NT IV leucocephala 37. Woolly-necked Ciconia episcopus Ciconiidae Resident - A VU IV Stork+ 38. Ashy prinia** Prinia socialis Cisticolida Resident - T LC IV e 39. Eurasian Collared Streptopelia Columbida Resident - T LC IV Dove** decaocto e 40. Laughing Dove** Spilopelia Columbida Resident - T LC IV senegalensis e 41. Spotted Dove** Spilopelia chinensis Columbida Resident - T LC IV e 42. Indian Roller** Coracias Coraciidae Resident - T LC IV benghalensis 43. House Crow** Corvus splendens Corvidae Resident - T LC IV 44. Indian Jungle Corvus Corvidae Resident - T LC IV Crow** macrorhynchos culminates 45. Asian Koel** Eudynamys Cuculidae Resident - T LC IV scolopaceus 46. Greater Coucal** Centropus sinensis Cuculidae Resident - T LC IV 47. Black Drongo** Dicrurus Dicruridae Resident - T LC IV macrocercus 48. Indian Silverbill** Lonchura Estrildidae Resident - T LC IV malabarica 49. Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Falconidae Migratory II T LC I 50. Sarus crane** Antigone Antigone Gruidae Resident II A VU IV 51. White Throated Halcyon Halcyonid Resident - A LC IV Kingfisher** smyrnensis ae 52. Wire Tailed Hirundo smithii Hirudinida Resident - T LC IV Swallow+ e 53. Long tailed Lanius schach Laniidae Resident - T LC IV Shrike+ 54. River Tern+ Strena aurantia Lariidae Migratory - A NT IV 55. Brown Headed Chroicocephalus Lariidae Migratory - A LC IV Gull+ brunnicephalus 56. Large Grey Turdoides malcolmi Leiothrichi Resident - T LC IV Babbler** dae 57. Green Bee-eater** Merops orientalis Meropidae Resident - T LC IV 58. Paddyfield Pipit** Anthus rufulus Motacillid Resident - T LC IV ae 59. Yellow Wagtail** Motacilla flava Motacillid Migratory - T LC IV ae 60. White browed Motacilla Motacillid Resident - T LC IV Wagtail+ maderaspatensis ae 61. White Wagtail+ Motacilla alba Motacillid Migratory - T LC IV ae 62. Indian Robin** Saxicoloides Muscicapi Resident - T LC IV fulicatus dae 63. Common Saxicola torquatus Muscicapi Migratory II T LC IV Stonechat+ dae 64. House Sparrow** Passer domesticus Passeridae Resident - T LC IV 65. Little Cormorant** Phalacrocorax niger Phalacroco Resident - A LC IV racidae 66. Grey Francolin** Francolinus Phasianida Resident - T LC IV pondicerianus e ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 C3 S Common Name Scientific Name Family Migratory CMS A/ Conservatio No Status Appen T n Status dices IUC WPA, N 72 67. Indian peafowl** Pavo cristatus Phasianida Resident - T LC I e 68. Baya Weaver** Ploceus philippinus Ploceidae Resident - T LC IV 69. Little Grebe** Tachybaptus Podicipedi Resident - A LC IV ruficollis dae 70. Plum headed Psittacula Psittaculid Resident - T LC IV Parakeet+ cyanocephala ae 71. Rose ringed Psittacula krameri Psittaculid Resident - T LC IV Parakeet** ae 72. Red vented Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonoti Resident - T LC IV Bulbul** dae 73. Common Coot+ Fulica atra Rallidae Resident II A LC IV 74. White Breasted Amaurornis Rallidae Resident - A LC IV Waterhen+ phoenicurus 75. Black Winged Himantopus Recurviros Migratory II A LC IV Stilt** himantopus tridae 76. Green Sandpiper+ Tringa ochropus Scolopacid Migratory II A LC IV ae 77. Common Actitis hypoleucos Scolopacid Migratory II A LC IV Sandpiper** ae 78. Eurasian Curlew+ Numenius arquata Scolopacid Migratory II A NT IV ae 79. Little stint+ Calidris minuta Scolopacid Migratory II A LC IV ae 80. Black tailed Limosa limosa Scolopacid Migratory II A NT IV Godwit** ae 81. Spotted Owlet+ Athene brama Strigidae Resident - T LC IV 82. Brahminy Sturnia pagodarum Sturnidae Resident - T LC IV Starling+ 83. Common Myna** Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae Resident - T LC IV 84. Glossy Ibis+ Plegadis falcinellus Threskiorn Resident - A LC IV idae 85. Common Upupa epops Upupidae Resident - T LC IV Hoopee** IUCN Classification: EN- Endangered; VU- Vulnerable; NT-Near Threatened, LC-Least Concern (IUCN Version 2016-3), Schedule – I, IV (Indian Wildlife Protection Act -1972); A: Aquatic, B: Terrestrial; Appendices I and II of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS); ** Species observed during April 2017 survey; +Species not observed in this survey; however, observed in the area during ERM’s earlier surveys Table 5 Details of Mammals observed/ reported from the Study area Sn. English Name Scientific Name Family Sources WPA Schedule / IUCN Status 1. Jackal Canis aureus Canidae PS+FD II/LC 2. Jungle cat Felis chaus Canidae FD II/LC 3. Common Fox Vulpes bengalensis Canidae CC+FD II/LC 4. Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta Cercopithecidae CC II/LC 5. Common Langur Semnopithecus entellus Cercopithecidae CC II/LC 6. Blue Bull/Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus Bovidae CC+PS III/LC 7. Indian Gazelle (Chinkara) Gazella bennettii Bovidae CC I/LC 8. Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii Herpestidae CC II/LC 9. Five Striped Squirrel Funambulus pennantii Sciuridae CC+PS IV/LC ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 C4 Sn. English Name Scientific Name Family Sources WPA Schedule / IUCN Status 10. Bandicoot rat Bandicota indica Muridae CC+PS V/LC 11. Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus Pteropodidae CC+PS V/LC 12. Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae CC+PS IV/LC Notes: IUCN-International Union for Conservation of Nature, WPA-Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, LC- Least Concern; PS-Primary Survey; CC-Community Consultation ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 C5 Annex D Criterion relevant for triggering the CHA as per IFC PS-6 Critical Habitat Criteria (IFC PS6 Guidance Note 2012) Criteria Tier 1 Tier 2 Criterion 1: a)Habitat required to sustain c) Habitat that supports the regular Critically 10 % of the global population of occurrence of a single individual of a CR Endangered (CR) a CR or EN species /sub species and/or habitat containing / /species and where there regionally- important concentrations of Endangered (EN) known regular occurrences of Red-listed EN species where that habitat species: the species and where habitat could be considered as a discrete could be considered a discrete management unit for the management unit for the species/subspecies. species. d) Habitat of significant importance to b) Habitat with known, regular CR/EN species that are wide-ranging occurrences of CR or EN species and/or whose population distribution is where that habitat is one of 10 not well understood and where the loss or fewer discrete management of such a habitat could potentially impact sites globally for that species. the long-term survivability of the species. e) As appropriate, habitat containing nationally/regionally important concentrations of an EN, CR or equivalent national/regional listing. Criterion 2: a) Habitat known to sustain 95 b) Habitat known to sustain 1 % but Habitat % of the global population of an < 95 % of the global population of an of significant endemic or restricted-range endemic or restricted-range species importance to species where that habitat could where that habitat could be considered a be considered a discrete discrete management unit for that endemic and/or management unit for that species, where data are available and/or restricted-range species. based on expert judgment. species; Criterion 3: a) Habitat known to sustain, on (b) Habitat known to sustain, on a cyclical Habitat a cyclical or otherwise regular or otherwise regular basis, 1 % but < 95 supporting basis, 95 % of the global % of the global population of a migratory globally population of a migratory or or congregatory species at any point of significant congregatory species at any the species’ lifecycle and where that concentrations of point of the species lifecycle habitat could be considered a discrete migratory species and/or where that habitat could be management unit for that species, where congregatory considered a discrete data are available and/or based on expert species; management unit for that judgment. species. (c) For birds, habitat that meets BirdLife International's Criterion A4 for congregations and/or Ramsar Criteria 5 or for Identifying Wetlands of International Importance. (d) For species with large but clumped distributions, a provisional threshold is set at 5 % of the global population for both terrestrial and marine species. (e) Source sites that contribute 1 % of the global population of recruits. ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 D1 Annex E Impact Assessment- Terminology Table 1 Impact Characteristic Terminology Characteristic Definition Designations Type A descriptor indicating the relationship of the Direct impact to the Project (in terms of cause and Indirect effect) Induced Extent The “reach” of the impact (e.g., confined to a Local small area around the Project Footprint, National projected for several kilometres, etc.) Global Duration The time period over which a resource/ Temporary receptor is affected. Short-term Long-term Permanent Scale The size of the impact (e.g., the size of the area [no fixed designations; damaged or impacted, the fraction of a intended to be a numerical resource that is lost or affected, etc.) value or a qualitative description of “intensity”] Frequency A measure of the constancy or periodicity of [no fixed designations; the impact. intended to be a numerical value or a qualitative description] Table 2 Impact Type Definitions Type Definition Direct Impacts that result from a direct interaction between the Project and a resource/ receptor Indirect Impacts that follow on from the direct interactions between the Project and its environment as a result of subsequent interactions within the environment Induced Impacts that result from other activities (which are not part of the Project) that happen as a consequence of the Project. The above characteristics and definitions apply to planned and unplanned events. An additional characteristic that pertains only to unplanned events is likelihood. The likelihood of an unplanned event occurring was designated using a qualitative scale, as described in table below. Table 3 Definitions for Likelihood Designations Likelihood Definition Unlikely The event is unlikely but may occur at some time during normal operating conditions (probability less than 20%) Possible The event is likely to occur at some time during normal operating conditions (probability greater than 20% and less than 50%) Likely The event will occur during normal operating conditions (probability greater than 50% Once an impact’s characteristics were defined, each impact was assigned a ‘magnitude’. Magnitude is typically a function of a combination (depending on the resource/receptor in question) of the following impact characteristics: • Extent • Duration • Scale ERM RUMSL: D RAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 E-1 • Frequency In case of unplanned events only, magnitude incorporates the ‘likelihood’ factor discussed above. Magnitude essentially describes the intensity of the change that was predicted to occur in the resource/receptor as a result of the impact. As discussed above, the magnitude designations themselves are universally consistent, but the descriptions for these designations vary on a resource/receptor-by-resource/receptor basis. The universal magnitude designations are: • Positive • Negligible • Small • Medium • Large In the case of a positive impact, no magnitude designation (aside from ‘positive’) was assigned. It was considered sufficient for the purpose of the IA to indicate that the Project was expected to result in a positive impact, without characterising the exact degree of positive change likely to occur. In the case of impacts resulting from unplanned events, the same resource/ receptor- specific approach to concluding a magnitude designation was followed, but the ‘likelihood’ factor was considered, together with the other impact characteristics, when assigning a magnitude designation. In addition to characterising the magnitude of impact, the other principal impact evaluation step was definition of the sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance of the impacted resource/receptor. There are a range of factors that was taken into account when defining the sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance of the resource/receptor, which may be physical, biological, cultural or human. Other factors were also considered when characterising sensitivity/ vulnerability/importance, such as legal protection, government policy, stakeholder views and economic value. The sensitivity/ vulnerability/importance designations used herein for all resources/receptors are: • Low • Medium • High Once magnitude of impact and sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance of resource/ receptor have been characterised, the significance was assigned for each impact. Impact significance is designated using the matrix shown in Figure 1. ERM RUMSL: D RAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 E-2 Figure 1 Impact Significance Sensitivity/Vulnerability/importance of Resource/Receptor Low Medium High Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Small Negligible Minor Moderate Magnitude of Impact Medium Minor Moderate Major Large Moderate Major Major The matrix applies universally to all resources/receptors, and all impacts to these resources/receptors, as the resource/receptor-specific considerations are factored into the assignment of magnitude and sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance designations that enter into the matrix. Box 1 provides a context of what the various impact significance ratings imply. Box 1 Context of Impact Significances An impact of negligible significance is one where a resource/ receptor (including people) will essentially not be affected in any way by a particular activity or the predicted effect is deemed to be ‘imperceptible’ or is indistinguishable from natural background variations. An impact of minor significance is one where a resource/ receptor will experience a noticeable effect, but the impact magnitude is sufficiently small and/or the resource/receptor is of low sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance. In either case, the magnitude should be well within applicable standards/ guidelines. An impact of moderate significance has an impact magnitude that is within applicable standards/guidelines, but falls somewhere in the range from a threshold below which the impact is minor, up to a level that might be just short of breaching a legal limit. Clearly, to design an activity so that its effects only just avoid breaking a law and/or cause a major impact is not best practice. The emphasis for moderate impacts is therefore on demonstrating that the impact has been reduced to a level that is as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). This does not necessarily mean that impacts of moderate significance have to be reduced to minor, but that moderate impacts are being managed effectively and efficiently. An impact of major significance is one where an accepted limit or standard may be exceeded, or large magnitude impacts occur to highly valued/sensitive resource/receptors. An aim of IA is to get to a position where the Project does not have any major residual impacts, certainly not ones that would endure into the long-term or extend over a large area. However, for some aspects there may be major residual impacts after all practicable mitigation options have been exhausted (i.e. ALARP has been applied). An example might be the visual impact of a facility. It is then the function of regulators and stakeholders to weigh such negative factors against the positive ones, such as employment, in coming to a decision on the Project. ERM RUMSL: D RAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 E-3 Annex F Ecology- Impact Assessment Criteria Table 1 Habitat-Impact Assessment Criteria Habitat Sensitivity/ Value Magnitude of Effect on Baseline Habitats Negligible Small Medium Large Effect is Affects only Affects part Affects the within the a small area of the habitat entire habitat, normal of habitat, but does not or a range of such that threaten the significant variation there is no long-term portion of it, loss of viability/ and the long- viability/ function of term function of the habitat viability/ the habitat function of the habitat is threatened. Negligible Habitats with negligible Not Not Not Not interest for biodiversity. significant significant significant significant Low Habitats with no, or only a local designation / recognition, habitats of significance for species listed as of Least Concern (LC) on IUCN Not Not Red List of Threatened Minor Moderate significant significant Species, habitats which are common and widespread within the region, or with low conservation interest based on expert opinion. Medium Habitats within nationally designated or recognised areas, habitats of significant importance to globally Vulnerable (VU) Near Threatened (NT), or Data Deficient (DD) species, habitats of significant importance for Not Minor Moderate Major nationally restricted significant range species, habitats supporting nationally significant concentrations of migratory species and / or congregatory species, and low value habitats used by species of medium value. ERM RUMSL: D RAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 F-2 Habitat Sensitivity/ Value Magnitude of Effect on Baseline Habitats Negligible Small Medium Large High Habitats within internationally designated or recognised areas; habitats of significant importance to globally Critically Endangered (CR) or Endangered (EN) species, habitats of significant importance to endemic and/or globally restricted-range species, Not habitats supporting Moderate Major Critical significant globally significant concentrations of migratory species and / or congregatory species, highly threatened and/or unique ecosystems, areas associated with key evolutionary species, and low or medium value habitats used by high value species. ERM RUMSL: D RAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 F-3 Table 2 Species-Impact Assessment Criteria Baseline Species Sensitivity/ Value Magnitude of Effect on Species Negligible Small Medium Large Effect is Effect does Effect Affects entire within the not cause causes a population, or normal range a substantial a significant of variation substantial change in part of it for the change in abundance causing a population of the and/or substantial the species population reduction in decline in of the distribution abundance species or of a and/or other population change in and species over one, or recovery of dependent more the on it generations, population but does (or another not dependent on threatened it) is not the long possible term either at all, or viability/ within several function of generations that due to natural population recruitment dependent (reproduction, on it. immigration from unaffected areas). Negligible Species with no specific Not Not Not Not value or importance significant significant significant significant attached to them. Low Species and sub-species of LC on the IUCN Red List, Not Not Minor Moderate or not meeting criteria for significant significant medium or high value. Medium Species on IUCN Red List as VU, NT, or DD, species protected under national legislation, nationally restricted range species, nationally important Not numbers of migratory, or Minor Moderate Major significant congregatory species, species not meeting criteria for high value, and species vital to the survival of a medium value species. ERM RUMSL: D RAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 F-4 Baseline Species Sensitivity/ Value Magnitude of Effect on Species Negligible Small Medium Large High Species on IUCN Red List as CR, or EN. Species having a globally restricted range (i.e. plants endemic to a site, or found globally at fewer than 10 sites, fauna having a distribution range (or globally breeding range Not Moderate Major Critical for bird species) less than significant 50,000 km2), internationally important numbers of migratory, or congregatory species, key evolutionary species, and species vital to the survival of a high value species. ERM RUMSL: D RAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 F-5 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT F1 Annex G Summary of cumulative ecological impacts of transmission line Summary of cumulative impacts of transmission line Cumulative Impact Relevance to Remarks Parameter Proposed transmission line Construction of Relevant Site is in proximity to the Gandhisagar Reservoir transmission line which is visited by many migratory avifaunal species. near an eco- There is a probability of movement of the migratory sensitive area birds from the Gandhisagar Reservoir to the water bodies in proximity to the transmission line corridor Threatened or Relevant One endangered species viz. Egyptian Vulture protected avifaunal (Neophron percnopterus), three vulnerable species viz. species found in the Woolly Necked Stork (Ciconia episcopus); Common project study area Pochard (Aythya fuligula) and Sarus Crane (Antigone antigone) recorded from the area. Increased Relevant Birds that are disturbed in this way have less suitable disturbance on habitat to move to. avifaunal species from anthropogenic movement, noise and visual hazards from multiple transmission lines Loss of habitat, Relevant Continued difficulty in accessing resources means nesting and that birds may change their overall range, territory foraging sites and and flight patterns. the resultant displacement of population Increased risk of Relevant Multiple transmission lines in the area having electrocutions different capacity (220 KV, 110 KV etc.) ; charged at different heights from the ground will increase the chances of collisions and electrocutions Excessive energy Relevant Birds that are disturbed or displaced will find expenditure from alternate routes to find foraging resources, nesting behavioural habitat or migration pathways and would therefore avoidance and utilize more energy in the process. The presence of behavioural multiple transmission line indicate that birds would displacement need even more energy to completely avoid transmission lines or travel by even longer routes for migration and daily flight patterns. ERM RUMSL: DRAFT ESIA REPORT FOR NEEMUCH TRANSMISSION LINE- PHASE I Project # I11523/0400920 August 2017 G1 Annex H Stakeholder Engagement Plan & Grievance Redressal Mechanism 1 INTRODUCTION This document presents the Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) and Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) Neemuch Solar Project and associated internal evacuation infrastructure and transmission lines, being developed by the Rewa Ultra Mega Solar limited (RUMSL) meeting the requirements of the applicable reference framework for the project. The aim of this document is guiding stakeholder consultation and grievance redressal process at different stages of the life cycle of the project. This is based on a detailed Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report and is part of the broader Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP). This plan, above all, aims at allowing the engagement to be undertaken in a systematic manner which will allow the various stakeholder groups, to express their individual views, opinions and concerns, while allowing for the project to appropriately respond to them. The plan is aimed at enabling active meaningful engagement with the stakeholder groups, one of the most important mechanisms of which is grievance redressal. 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited (herein after referred as ‘RUMSL”) is developing a 250 MW Solar Park (Neemuch- Mandsaur Solar Park), in Mandsaur District, Madhya Pradesh. For the purpose of evacuation of the power generated, a transmission system, comprising of one pooling substation, one grid substation and a 55 km transmission line being developed by RUMSL which passes through 35 villages in the tehsil of Suwasara and Sitamau in District Mandsaur of Madhya Pradesh. The proposed project will be developed under two phases: • Phase 1: Transmission Line of about 8.831 km length from Gujarkhedi pooling substation to temporary tapping point on existing Bhanpura- Badod 220 KV DC Transmission Line and 220 KV Gujarkhedi Pooling substation; • Phase 2: Transmission Line of about 46.169 km length from temporary tapping point to Sitamau MPPTCL Grid Substation and 440 KV Sitamau Grid Substation. The World Bank has agreed to provide financial support for the internal evacuation and associated transmission lines and substations of the Neemuch- Mandsaur Solar Park. As part of its investment requirements, World Bank requires an environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) to be undertaken for the internal evacuation and associated transmission lines for the park. This SEP and GRM has been prepared as part of the environmental ERM SEP &GRM: PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 1 and social management plans for the ESIA. . The present SEP and GRM is aimed at providing for a mechanism of engagement and grievance redressal for the duration of the project lifecycle. 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SEP & GRM The IFC Stakeholder Engagement Handbook defines ‘Stakeholder Engagement’ as “ a means of describing a broader, more inclusive, and continuous process between a company and those potentially impacted that encompasses a range of activities and approaches and spans the entire life of a project”. The specific objectives of the SEP are: • Identification of the stakeholder groups of the transmission line and analysis of their profiles, interests, issues/impacts and concerns relevant to the project ; • Identification of specific measures to allow meaningful engagement with different stakeholder groups identified in a manner that is transparent and accessible and using culturally appropriate communication methods with a specific focus on the stakeholders with high influence/impact ; • Facilitate adequate and timely dissemination of information to the stakeholder groups in a culturally appropriate manner; • Provide systems for prior disclosure/dissemination of information and consultation including seeking inputs from affected persons, incorporation of inputs, as applicable, providing feedback to affected persons/groups on whether and how the input has been incorporated; and • Providing a mechanism for documentation of the activities undertaken and the reporting and monitoring of the same. Grievance Redressal is one of the most critical components of effective stakeholder engagement. The IFC Good Practice Note on Addressing Grievances from Project Affected Communities (2009) defines a grievance as “a concern or complaint raised by an individual or a group within communities affected by company operations. Both concerns and complaints can result from either real or perceived impacts of a company’s operations, and may be filed in the same manner and handled with the same procedure.” The purpose of GRM is to provide a forum to the external stakeholders to voice their concerns, queries and issues with the project. Such a mechanism would provide the stakeholders with one project personnel or one channel through which their queries will be channelled as well as ensure timely responses to each query. The specific objectives of the GRM are as follows: • To allow stakeholders the opportunity to raise comments/concerns • To structure and manage the handling of comments, responses and grievances, and allow monitoring of effectiveness of the mechanism; and ERM SEP &GRM: PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 2 • To ensure that comments, responses and grievances are handled in a fair and transparent manner, in line with the applicable reference framework. 1.3 PRINCIPLES OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL The stakeholder engagement and grievance redressal process for the project will be based on Guiding Principles on which The World Bank Policy on Access to Information (2013) is based. They are: • Maximizing access to information; • Setting out clear list of exceptions; • Safeguarding the deliberative process; • Providing clear procedures for making information available; and • Recognizing requester’s right to an appeals process. 1.4 APPLICABILITY OF SEP & GRM The SEP& GRM applies to the entire project lifecycle of the internal evacuation infrastructure for the Neemuch Solar Park. The SEP&GRM is part of a larger ESMP and is to be considered as live document, to be updated regularly based on the emerging needs and patterns for engagement with the various stakeholders. 1.5 LAYOUT OF THE SEP & GRM The remaining sections of the SEP & GRM are structured as follows Section 2 Summary of Stakeholder Consultations undertaken as part of the ESIA process and Stakeholder Identification and Mapping Section 4 Mechanism for Information Disclosure and Consultation Section 5 Grievance Redressal Mechanism Section 6 Implementation Mechanism for the SEP & GRM ERM SEP &GRM: PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 3 2 SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF THE ESIA PROCESS AND STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS The details of the stakeholders identified and consultations held with them during ESIA is provided in ESIA Report. This section provides a summary of the stakeholder identification and analysis as the context within which these stakeholder engagement activities are recommended. The stakeholder analysis in ESIA has identified the individuals or groups that are likely to be impacted by the project activities and sorts them based on the significance of the impact/influence. This information was used to formulate the mechanisms for engagement and assess the manner in which the interests of the stakeholders should be addressed during the project lifecycle. 2.1 STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION A stakeholder is “a person, group, or organization that has a direct or indirect stake in a project/organization because it can affect or be affected by the Project/organization's actions, objectives, and policies”. Stakeholders thus vary in terms of degree of interest, influence and control they have over the project. While those stakeholders who have a direct impact on or are directly impacted by the project are known as Primary Stakeholders, those who have an indirect impact or are indirectly impacted are known as Secondary Stakeholders. Keeping in mind the nature of the project and its setting, a detailed analysis of the stakeholders and their profiles was undertaken as part of the ESIA for this project. The following table provides a summary of the stakeholder groups identified, their key interests and level of impact and influence. ERM SEP &GRM: PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 4 Table 2.1 Summary of Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholder Concerns and Expectations Level of Impact Level of Influence of Group of project Stakeholder Group Primary Stakeholder Project Affected Adequate compensation for the crop loss due to project activities; • High High Land Owners of Compensation for the land under the tower footprint as they are unable to • both the solar continue construction; park and • Access to benefits from the project in terms of employment and development of transmission line infrastructure ; Minimal disturbance to the community with regards to access issues, pollution, health and safety risks and influx of migrant workers Local Community • Receiving benefits from the project in terms of employment and development of Medium Low infrastructure and the community Minimal disturbance to the community with regards to access issues, pollution, health and safety risks and influx of migrant workers Vulnerable • Priority in economic benefits and development opportunities created by the Medium/High Low community project Minimal disturbance to the community in regards to access issues, pollution and influx of migrant workers Local Gram • Implementation of community development programmes in consultation with Medium Medium/High Panchayats the Gram Panchayat and the local community • Preference to the local community in contractor and employment opportunities from the project • Regular updates on the project activities and the opportunities from the same Minimal disturbance to the community in regards to access issues, pollution and influx of migrant workers Regulatory • Project’s compliance to the regulatory requirements Low High Authority Timely disclosure of information and provisioning of updated through the life of the project District • Project’s compliance to the regulatory requirements Low High Administration Timely disclosure of information and provisioning of updates throughout the life of the project Contractors and • the role of the project in continued economic opportunity and work generation Highz High sub-contractor ERM SEP &GRM: PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 5 Stakeholder Concerns and Expectations Level of Impact Level of Influence of Group of project Stakeholder Group • avoidance of any reputational risks associated with the project due to any future community unrest or project activities • clarity in terms of scope of work, expectations, key performance indicators and timelines • timely and adequate disclosure of information to allow the project activities to be carried out • fair business opportunities and contract closure business continuity Contractual • the role of the project in continued economic opportunity, work generation and a High High Workers source of income • timely settlement of dues and payments in keeping with the legal requirements • continued work opportunities safety at work Secondary Stakeholder Opinion holders • Receiving benefits from the project in terms of employment and development of Low Medium & Community infrastructure and the community Leaders • Regular updates on the project activities and the opportunities from the same Minimal disturbance to the community in regards to access issues, health and safety and influx of migrant workers State • Compliance to the regulatory requirements for the project Low High Administration • Project’s role in the development of the area Timely disclosure of information pertaining to the project activities ERM SEP &GRM: PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 6 2.2 OVERVIEW OF KEY ISSUES AND STAKEHOLDER CONCERNS The key issues identified during discussions with various stakeholders are as follows: Table 2.2 Key Issues Identified and how they are addressed Category Description Measures Planned Preference to The local community representatives • As part of the ARAP prepared for local community were of the opinion that as the solar the solar park and transmission in development park and transmission line project are lines, temporary employment of benefits being set up on their village land, with the impacted land owners in some households losing agricultural project activities has been land, the local communities should be identified as an entitlement; given preference in terms of • The project also gives priority to employment opportunities and small the local community as workers contracts. Within this, the impacted in the project, in keeping with the land owners should be given skill set requirement preference. The community was of the opinion that the semi-skilled and unskilled should be given on a priority to the local community members. Loss of grazing The solar park and pooling substation • As part of the ARAP prepared for land are located on government land which the solar park and transmission was earlier used by the community for lines, the following entitlements grazing purposes. The diversion of this have been identified: land will thus result in an increase on • identification of alternative the pressure on the remaining grazing grazing land in consultation with lands in the area. Also, as the pooling the Gram Panchayat; substation and solar park will create a • in case no alternative land is boundary wall along the periphery available, development initiatives there will also be a loss of access for the focusing on supporting the livestock and the community. The livestock holdings shall be project should thus undertake identified, as part of the CSR development activities in the area in programme of the project. these lieu of the lost grazing land; may include establishing Gaushalas, fodder camps, providing drinking water for livestock etc. these shall be finalized in consultation with the Gram Panchayat. Presence of The community was of the opinion that • The ESMP formulated for the migrant labourers there have been no instances of conflict project provides detailed with the migrant workers for the measures to be taken for the project. According to the community, management of labour for the the migrant workers have been project. One of the measures put respectful to the community and in place is the provisioning of mindful of the traditional practices in adequate sanitation facilities in the area. However, the open defecation labour camps and prohibition of by the migrant workers, in resulting in open defecation. the deterioration of the cleanliness and sanitary conditions of the outskirts of villages. ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 7 ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 8 3 MECHANISM FOR INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND CONSULTATION This section provides an understanding of the information disclosure and consultation plan put in place for the project. This plan shall guide the engagement with the external stakeholders through the life of the project. In cases of emergencies, the standard emergency response provisions of MPPTCL shall apply. 3.1 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE As has been mentioned earlier, information disclosure is a critical component of the engagement activities to be undertaken by the project. The information disclosure will be undertaken primarily through two means; preparation and dissemination of briefing material and organization of community consultations or group meetings. The primary purpose of the disclosure process will be to make information accessible and available to all in a simple and easy to understand manner. The briefing material shall be in the local language Hindi. Following communication tools shall be designed for effective dissemination of relevant information. • Executive Technical Summary of ESIA-ESMP Reports: This will be kept in the offices of local gram panchayats office and the project office; • Non-technical Summary/Brochures in Hindi: Sufficient number of the brochure is circulated during public meetings/individual consultations. • Posters on Grievance Mechanism along with contact details: To be made available at Gram Panchayat Office and other Public Buildings where it can be easily accessed. All documents shall be made available to the public in accordance with relevant provisions of the RTI Act, except when otherwise warranted by legal requirements. Information shall be provided in a timely and regular manner to all stakeholders, affected parties, and the general public. The following table provides an understanding of the specific information to be disclosed. Table 3.1 Information Disclosure Plan Topic Documents to Where When /Frequency be Disclosed Resettlement, Resettlement World Bank’s Infoshop Aug-Sep 2017: At Rehabilitation Action Plan On the website of project, the time of and Land (RAP). finalization of Acquisition The project will make the RAP RAP. available to affected persons and local But to remain on NGOs in the local language; Hindi in the website and the following offices: other disclosure • DM’s Office locations • District Libraries ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 9 Topic Documents to Where When /Frequency be Disclosed • Local Gram Panchayat office throughout the • Site Office of the EPC Contractor project period. Information • Through one-to-one meetings Aug-Sep 2017: At regarding with PAFs. the time of impacted • project office and website of finalization of RAP people and project/RUMSL, their entitlements in local language RAP Monthly • Local Gram Panchayat office First Week of progress report. • Site Office of the EPC Contractor Every Month during Sep 2017 to Dec 2017 Grievance SEP and GRM • Local Gram Panchayat office End of Aug 2017 Redressal. • Site Office of the EPC Contractor Environmental Construction On the web sites of SPPD End of Aug 2017 Management Schedule Hard copies in Hindi in the following Plan including offices: movement of • Local gram panchayat office heavy • Office of the contractor machinery Hazardous • On the web sites of SPPD End of Aug 2017 Waste Disposal • Office of the EPC contractor Regular Meetings with • Local village gram panchayat As per Demand or Disclosure the office Request from stakeholders to specific provide them stakeholders an update on the status of the project, the next steps (civil works for tower base, erection of steel structures, stringing and maintenance) and the possible impacts on the stakeholders As part of this information disclosure process, the stakeholders shall be provided with an opportunity to provide feedback and inputs into the project using the grievance mechanism as defined in Section 4. These feedbacks should be recorded and documented. This information disclosure process will thus facilitate the transparency, accountability, and legitimacy as well as operations overseen by it. A designated Information Officer shall be responsible for ensuring timely and complete dissemination in accordance with this policy. ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 10 3.2 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT Keeping in mind the above objectives of the engagement activities and the stakeholder profiles identified in previous sections, following activities have been identified which will allow for the engagement in an effective manner and in keeping with the socio-economic context of the stakeholders These activities envisage the involvement of all the stakeholders’ at each stage of project planning and implementation. This involvement of the community shall not limited to interactions with the community but also disclosing relevant information pertaining to the project tasks. The detailed engagement plan is as follows: ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 11 Table 3.2 Engagement Plan Purpose Stakeholder Group Details of Engagement Frequency of Proposed location Engagement of Engagement Planning Stage Information As discussed in Table 3.1 Disclosure Consultations as • Project Affected Land Owners of • Socio-economic survey of Project Affected Land During the Individual PAF part of RAP and both the solar park and owners for the development of the ESIA, RAP and preparation of level ESIA preparation transmission line the entitlements therein the ESIA and RAP • Local Community • Focus group discussions and consultations with During the Local village level • Vulnerable community stakeholders in respect to impact on common preparation of • Local Gram Panchayats resources and cultural aspects. the ESIA and • Opinion holders & Community RAP Leaders • Regulatory Authority (including • The one-on-one meetings and consultations with During the Offices of MoEFCC, CPCB, MPPCB, CGWA, the stakeholders shall be undertaken in respect to preparation of authorities Ministry of Road Transport and identifying the potential entitlements and the ESIA and Highways, State Transport mitigation measures for the impacts identified; RAP Authority, Department of Telegraph etc.) • District Administration (including District Collector, Revenue Department etc.) Construction Stage Civil works for tower base Implementation • Project Affected Land owners • Meetings with PAFs of each village or a cluster of At the time of Local gram of RAP • Local Gram Panchayat villages to provide them an update on the finalized RAP panchayat office RAP and ESIA and the schedule for the implementation implementation; • One to one meetings with PAFs for receiving their feedback. ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 12 Purpose Stakeholder Group Details of Engagement Frequency of Proposed location Engagement of Engagement During civil • Contractors and sub-contractors • Meetings and Tool Box talks to provide briefings on Daily during At the works • Contractual Workers the tasks to be completed and the standards to be construction construction site followed for quality control and health and safety protection Erection of Steel Structure Minimising loss • Project Affected Land owners • Meetings with individual PAFs to inform them At the time of Local gram of private assets • Local Gram Panchayat about the commencement of tower erection work, RAP panchayat office requirement of additional land area for storing implementati material, how tower components will be on transported and if any harm to farm structures or trees are envisaged. Workers health • Contractors and sub-contractors Meetings and Tool Box talks to provide briefings on the Daily during At the construction and safety • Contractual Workers tasks to be completed and the standards to be followed erection site for quality control and health and safety protection activities (such as using helmets, harnesses etc.) Stringing Activities Minimising loss • Project Affected Land owners • Meetings with PAFs in Groups to inform them At the time of Local gram of private assets • Local Gram Panchayat about the commencement of stringing work, RAP panchayat office equipment or machinery to be used, transport plan implementati of the required material, people and equipment and on likelihood of any loss to their personal assets. Workers Health • Contractors and sub-contractors Meetings and Tool Box talks to provide briefings on the Daily during At the construction and Safety • Contractual Workers tasks to be completed and the standards to be followed stringing site for quality control and health and safety protection (such as using harnesses etc.) Project Operation Phase Charging of Conductors Community • Local Gram Panchayats and • Gram Panchayat’s to be informed about the date on One week Villages through Health and Safety Community which the charging of the conductors being prior to the which the planned. Scheduled transmission line • Distribution of public awareness material on do’s charging passes through and don’ts within the RoW of the transmission line and Sub-stations. Preventive Maintenance ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 13 Purpose Stakeholder Group Details of Engagement Frequency of Proposed location Engagement of Engagement Information • Local Gram Panchayats • Gram Panchayat’s to be informed about the date on Pertaining to which maintenance activities being planned Maintenance Activities Emergency Maintenance Activities Information • Gram Panchayat Concerned • Verbal Communication to local gram panchayat At the time of Local village gram Pertaining to • The PAFs whose private assets are representatives on the issue of emergency emergency panchayat office Maintenance likely to be damaged. maintenance activities being undertaken and the actvities Activities risks to the local community ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 14 4 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL Another important component of stakeholder engagement is grievance redressal. The purpose of GRM is to provide a forum to the external stakeholders to voice their concerns, queries and issues with the project. This section provides an understanding of the process of grievance redressal to be followed for this project. 4.1 TYPES OF ANTICIPATED GRIEVANCES As stated earlier, a grievance is a concern or complaint raised by an individual or a group within communities affected by company operations. Both concerns and complaints can result from either real or perceived impacts of a company’s operations, and may be filed in the same manner and handled with the same procedure. Grievances may take the form of specific complaints for actual damages or injury, general concerns about project activities, incidents and impacts or perceived impacts. Based on the understanding of the project area and the stakeholders, an indicative list of the typical grievances have been identified for the project, as can be seen below: • Planning Stage o Entitlements identified as part of the RAP and ESMP; • Construction Stage (including civil works, tower erection and stringing activities) o Damage to crop, trees and property; o Issues in the payment of compensation for damage to crop, trees and property; o Injury or risk to safety of local community members due to project activities; o Disturbance to locals due to influx of migrant workers in the area; and o Issues arising out of sharing of employment and business opportunity; • Operations and Maintenance Stage o Damage to crop, trees and property during maintenance activities; o Issues in the payment of compensation for damage to crop, trees and property; and o Injury or risk to safety of local community members due to wire snapping, tower fall etc. 4.2 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL PROCESS Based on this understanding, the following grievance redressal mechanism has been formulated. As stated in the previous section, this grievance redressal mechanism will not cover the emergency procedures of electrical safety and the standard regulatory procedures will apply for the same. Also, ERM SEP &GRM: PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 15 this GRM shall in no way replace or hinder the functioning of the legal processes. ERM SEP &GRM: PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 16 Figure 4.1 Summary of Grievance Redressal Process ERM SEP &GRM: PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 17 4.2.1 Formation of Grievance Redressal Cell For the purpose of proper maintenance and functioning of the GRM, the project will formulate a Grievance Redressal Cell (GRC). This GRC will be headed by one person from the core team as “Environmental and Social Nodal Expert”. In addition to the E&S Expert, the staffing of GRC will include different members across the various stages of the project lifecycle. During the construction stage, the E&S expert shall be supported by one representative from the affected land owners and the EPC contractor each. During the operations phase, the E&S nodal officer will be support by one representative from the affected land owners and the testing and maintenance division each. 4.2.2 Publicizing and disclosure of the GRM The GRM will be disclosed to the stakeholders through written and verbal communication, as described in the information disclosure plan (see Section 3.1 above). The mediums to be used for this purpose are village level meetings, verbal communication to local gram panchayat members and community leaders, and provisioning of the GRM in the manner outlined in the previous section. The GRM disclosure will be done along with the disclosure of other management plans. 4.2.3 Receiving and Recording Grievances Grievances if any, will be submitted through various channels, including in person, in written form to a noted address, through a toll free phone line or through direct calls to concerned officials, and online. The following table gives the typical grievance communication channel for the key types of grievances across the project lifecycle. Table 4.1 Typical Grievance Communication Route for Anticipated Grievances Type of Grievance Typical Route Planning Stage Entitlements identified as part of the RAP and R&R Expert ESMP; Construction Stage Damage to crop, trees and property; E&S Nodal Officer/EPC Contractor / R&R Expert Issues in the payment of compensation for E&S Nodal Officer/EPC Contractor/R&R damage to crop, trees and property; Expert Injury or risk to safety of local community E&S Nodal Officer/EPC Contractor members due to project activities; Disturbance to locals due to influx of migrant E&S Nodal Officer workers in the area; Issues arising out of sharing of employment E&S Nodal Officer and business opportunity Operations and Maintenance Stage Damage to crop, trees and property during E&S Nodal Officer/ Maintenance Division maintenance activities; representative ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 18 Type of Grievance Typical Route Issues in the payment of compensation for E&S Nodal Officer damage to crop, trees and property; Injury or risk to safety of local community E&S Nodal Officer/ Maintenance Division members due to wire snapping, tower fall etc. representative Regardless who receives the grievances and the medium of communication, all grievances shall be forwarded to the E&S Nodal officer at the earliest. For assisting the communication of grievances, a register will be maintained at the project office and substation, at which any individual/group can come have their complaint registered. The security personnel shall be incharge of maintaining the grievance register and forwarding any grievances received on a weekly basis to the E&S nodal officer. Village leaders and government departments will also be advised to pass any complaints they receive to the E&S Nodal Expert. In case of any information regarding emergency situations, the same shall be immediately communicated to the emergency cell. Each grievance thus received, shall be recorded in a grievance register in the format given below. S. Date Grievance Name of Village Details of Concerned Name of Present Remarks No number Grievant Grievance Department Recording Status Person This grievance register shall be updated at each stage of the grievance redressal. A ticket or a unique number will be generated for all such call and messages. The complainant will follow up based on that unique number. 4.2.4 Acknowledgment of Grievance Upon the completion of the recording of the grievance, the agrieved will be provided with the unique identification grievance number (as recorded in Grievance Register). This may be used by the Complainant to follow up on the status of the grievance. 4.2.5 Resolution of Grievance The Social and Environmental Expert (see Section 6.1 on Man Power for details) shall be responsible for coordination and resolution of grievance/ complaints received. The Social and Environmental Expert will assess the nature of complaint and will accordingly forward the same to the concerned official. All grievances will be responded to within two weeks. If response is not available within 15 days, the complaint will be escalated to next higher level. ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 19 The resolutions could include provision of information to clarify the situation, undertaking measures to remedy actual problems or compensate for any damage that has been caused either by financial compensation or compensation in-kind, and introduction of mitigation measures to prevent recurrence of the problem in the future. This resolution shall be accordingly communicated to the grievant within 20 days. If however, despite escalation an adequate resolution cannot be identified, then an adequate response shall be given to the grievant along with a suggested alternative resolution to the grievance. A stakeholder however is free to approach judiciary system of the country if he or she is not satisfied with the verdict given by GRC. 4.2.6 Update of Records The records of the grievance register shall be updated every 15 days with the present status of the grievance. Once the grievance is resolved, and the same has been communicated to the grievant, the grievance shall be closed in the grievance register. The grievance register should also provide an understanding of the manner in which the grievance was resolved. These instances shall then serve as references for any future grievances of similar nature. 4.3 MONITORING OF GRM IMPLEMENTATION Similar to the monitoring of the SEP implementation, the E&S nodal expert shall undertake regular monitoring of the implementation of the GRM. The monitoring of the GRM implementation will be undertaken on a monthly basis during the construction phase and quarterly basis during the operations phase by the E&S Expert. This shall include (but not limited to) the following: • Number of Grievances received (as per source of grievance) • Number of open grievances • Number of closed grievances • Number of grievances which exceeded the defined timeline • Number of grievances in which an alternate route for resolution was suggested The E&S Expert will also undertake quarterly reporting to the project management team which would allow for the project management team to adequately monitor the implementation of the GRM, as is discussed in the following section. ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 AUGUST 2017 20 5 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND BUDGET For the purpose of ensuring the proper and effective implementation of the SEP and GRM, the project will ensure that this engagement process is given as much importance as the other project activities and ensure the availability of the required resources. The following sub sections discuss both these resource requirements, manpower and financial in detail. 5.1 MANPOWER The E&S nodal expert shall be responsible for the overall implementation of the SEP & GRM. The E&S Expert will be responsible for the implementation of the SEP and head the Grievance Redressal Cell (GRC) for the project. This E&S expert shall be a representative of RUMSL and shall be part of the larger ESMC, as depicted in the following figure. Figure 5.1 Broad Structure of ESMC 5.2 FINANCIAL RESOURCES The project will ensure that the budget formulated for the purpose of the stakeholder engagement process and grievance redressal is sufficient to meet the expenses of the same. The budget shall have adequate allocation for the following expense heads: ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 A UGUST 2017 21 • Remuneration of E&S Nodal Expert; • Expenses for preparation and printing of disclosure material; • Expenses for undertaking consultations and community meetings; • Offices and administrative expenses; • Communication expenses; • Transportation expenses; etc. 5.1 REPORTING OF THE SEP-GRM During the construction phase of the project, the performance of the SEP-GRM will be reviewed on a bi-annual basis. For the purpose of review, the E&S Expert will submit quarterly reports to the project management. During the operations phase, the frequency of reporting will be reduced to annual basis. On the basis of these reports, a Stakeholder Engagement and Grievance Redressal Report will be prepared and disclosed annually on the World Bank website, including a summary of issues raised by stakeholders, numbers and subjects of grievances, a summary of key actions taken to address the concerns, analysis of trends and plans for engagement in the next time period. 5.2 REVISION AND UPDATE OF SEP-GRM The SEP and GRM is a live document’ or in other words a document which needs to be revised in a timely manner so as to make it comprehensive for any given period of time. This is so because of the fact that due to the long life span of the project, it is difficult to properly identify and understand each stakeholder or grievance in the beginning of the project. The SEP&GRM thus requires reviews keeping changing risks and circumstances of the project in mind. ERM SEP &GRM PROJECT # I11523/0400920 A UGUST 2017 22 ERM has over 140 offices Across the following countries worldwide Argentina Netherlands Australia Peru Belgium Poland Brazil Portugal China Puerto Rico France Singapore Germany Spain Hong Kong Sweden Hungary Taiwan India Thailand Indonesia UK Ireland USA Italy Venezuela Japan Vietnam Korea Malaysia Mexico ERM India Private Limited Building 10, 4th Floor Tower A, DLF Cyber City Gurgaon NCR – 122 002 India Tel : 91-124-4170300 Fax: 91-124-4170301 Email: india@erm.com www.erm.com