FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) DRAFT RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF) FOR ETHIOPIA SCALING SOLAR AND WIND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Environmental, Health, Safety and Quality (EHS&Q) Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) www.eep.gov.et March 2019 Addis Ababa ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................................................... i ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ vi GLOSSARY OF RESETTLEMENT RELATED TERMS ...........................................................................vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. x 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Rationale for the Preparation of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) ................................... 1 1.2. Objective and Principles of the RPF ................................................................................................. 1 1.2.1. Objectives of the RPF .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.2. Principles of the RPF ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Program Components ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.4. Program Location .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.5. Method .............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.5.1. Literature Review....................................................................................................................... 3 1.5.2. Field visits .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.5.3. Stakeholder Consultations and Focus Group Discussions ......................................................... 4 2. LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINSTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS ........................................... 4 2.1. Ethiopian Legislations Related to Land Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement ................... 4 2.1.1. The Constitution of FDRE ......................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2. Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation No. 455/2005 ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.3. FDRE Council of Ministers Regulation No. 135/2007 .............................................................. 8 2.1.4. FDRE Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation No. 456/2005 ........................ 9 2.1.5. Formal and Customary Practices in Land Use, Ownership and Administration in REGREP proposed Areas......................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.6. World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policy ....................................................... 11 2.1.6.1. Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement ......................... 11 2.2. Summary of Comparison of the Key Elements in the Ethiopian Legislation and WB PS 5, and Recommendations to Address Gaps ............................................................................................................ 0 2.3. Gender ............................................................................................................................................... 0 2.3.1. GBV Risk Mitigation and Response Measures ................................................................................. 0 2.3.2. Grievance Redressing Mechanism (GRM) for GBV Complaints ..................................................... 1 2.4. Citizen Engagement and Grievance Redress .................................................................................... 2 2.5. Institutional and Administrative Frameworks ...................................................................................... 2 2.5.1. Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) ................................................................ 2 2.5.2. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)............................................... 2 2.5.3. Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP)..................................................................................................... 3 2.5.4. Environmental Health, Safety and Quality (EHS&Q), Environmental and Social Office of EEP 3 3. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................... 5 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) i ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 3.1. Program Framework ...................................................................................................................... 5 3.2. Program Components .................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.1. Scaling Solar Projects ................................................................................................................ 5 3.2.2. Scaling Wind Project ................................................................................................................. 7 4. DESCRIPTION OF BROADER SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BASELINE CONDITIONS .............. 10 4.1. Social and Economic Context ......................................................................................................... 10 4.2. Socio -cultural Background ............................................................................................................. 10 4.3. Land Use ......................................................................................................................................... 11 4.4. Economic Activities ........................................................................................................................ 11 4.5. Housing Condition .......................................................................................................................... 12 4.6. Physical Infrastructure and Social Services .................................................................................... 12 4.7. Description of Social Baseline Conditions...................................................................................... 13 4.7.1. Afar National Regional State ........................................................................................................... 13 4.7.2. Tigray National Regional State ........................................................................................................ 14 4.7.3. Amhara National Regional State ..................................................................................................... 15 4.7.4. The Oromia National Regional State ............................................................................................... 16 4.7.5. Benishangul Gumuz National Regional State.................................................................................. 17 4.7.6. Gambela National Regional State .................................................................................................... 17 4.7.7. Ethiopian Somali National Regional State ...................................................................................... 18 4.7.8. The Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State ................................................... 19 4.7.9. The Harari National Regional State ................................................................................................. 20 4.7.10. Dire Dawa Administrative Council ............................................................................................... 20 4.7.11. Addis Ababa City Administration ................................................................................................. 22 5. PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS FOR RPF PREPARATION .......................... 23 5.1. Objectives of the Public Consultations ........................................................................................... 23 5.2. Principles of Consultation ............................................................................................................... 23 5.3. Public Consultation Plan ................................................................................................................. 24 5.4. Objectives of the Public Consultation Plan ..................................................................................... 24 5.5. Guiding Checklist for Consultation and Participation during REGREP Implementation .............. 25 5.6. Stakeholders Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 25 5.7. Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) ....................................................................................... 26 5.8. Summary of Views Derived from Public Consultations during the RPF Preparation .................... 28 6. SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC DISPLACEMENT IMPACTS ....... 33 6.1. Positive Environmental and Socio Economic Impacts ................................................................... 33 6.2. Displacement and other Socioeconomic Potential Adverse Impacts and Possible Mitigation Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) ii ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Measures .................................................................................................................................................... 33 7. CATEGORIES OF PROJECT AFFECTED PEOPLE (PAPs) ............................................................. 35 8. RESETTLEMENT PLANNING PROCEDURE AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ....... 39 8.1. REGREP Resettlement Screening ............................................................................................... 39 8.2. Processes for RAP Preparation .................................................................................................... 40 8.2.1. Identification of Project Impacts and Affected Populations .................................................... 40 8.2.2. Review and Approval of RAP ................................................................................................. 46 8.3. RAP Implementation Procedures and Schedule .......................................................................... 47 8.3.1. RAP Procedures ....................................................................................................................... 47 8.3.2. RAP Implementation Schedule ................................................................................................ 48 8.4. Relocation Assistance .................................................................................................................. 49 8.5. Livelihood Restoration ................................................................................................................ 49 8.6. Special Restoration Measures for Vulnerable Groups/PAPs ...................................................... 50 9. ASSET VALUATION ........................................................................................................................... 51 9.1. General Principles........................................................................................................................ 51 9.2. Method of Asset Valuation .......................................................................................................... 51 9.2.1. Replacement Cost .................................................................................................................... 51 9.2.2. Basis of Valuation .................................................................................................................... 52 9.2.3. Establishment of Property Valuation Committees and Compensation Procedures ................. 53 10. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA.................................................................................................................. 54 10.1. Eligibility Criteria for Various Categories of PAPs ................................................................ 54 10.1.1. Eligibility for Land ............................................................................................................... 56 10.1.2. Eligibility for Community Compensation ............................................................................ 56 10.1.3. Eligibility for Loss of Property/Assets ................................................................................. 57 10.2. Displaced persons without legal title ....................................................................................... 58 10.3. Compensation for temporary losses ......................................................................................... 58 10.4. Entitlement Matrix for Various Categories of PAPs ............................................................... 59 10.5. Method to Determine Cut-Off Dates ....................................................................................... 64 10.6. Land Tenure ............................................................................................................................. 64 10.7. Relocation ................................................................................................................................ 65 11. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) ............................................................................. 66 12. IMPLEMENTATION AND REPORTING ........................................................................................ 70 12.1. Roles and Responsibilities of Major Actors ............................................................................ 70 12.2. Institutional arrangements ........................................................................................................ 70 12.2.1. Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) ....................................................... 70 12.2.2. Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) ........................................................................................... 71 12.2.3. Environmental Health, Safety and Quality/EHS & Quality/, Environmental and Social Office of EEP ......................................................................................................................................... 71 12.2.4. Independent Power Producer (IPP) ...................................................................................... 72 12.2.5. The Contractor/ Power Producer .......................................................................................... 72 12.2.6. The Supervision Engineer (SE)/ Power Producer ................................................................ 72 12.2.7. The Regional and Woreda Land Administration and Use (LAU) Institutions .................... 72 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) iii ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 12.2.8. Property Valuation Committees ........................................................................................... 73 12.2.9. Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC).................................................................. 73 12.2.10. Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) ................................................................................. 74 12.2.11. Regional Governments and City Administration Water, Mine and Energy Bureaus .......... 74 12.2.12. Zonal Water, Mines and Energy Offices .............................................................................. 74 12.2.13. Woreda Administration ........................................................................................................ 74 12.2.14. The Community.................................................................................................................... 75 12.2.15. Local NGOs working around the program implementation location ................................... 75 13. BUDGET AND FUNDING ARRANGEMENT ................................................................................ 75 14. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................ 76 14.1. Purpose of Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 77 14.2. Monitoring Framework (Internal and External) ...................................................................... 77 14.2.1. Internal Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 77 14.2.2. External Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................................................... 78 14.3. Indicators to Monitor ............................................................................................................... 79 14.4. Monitoring Principles .............................................................................................................. 81 14.5. Completion Audit..................................................................................................................... 83 15. CLEARANCE AND DISCLOSURE OF RPF ................................................................................... 84 ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................................................... 37 Annex 1-A: Proclamation on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation ...................................................................................................................... 37 Annex 2: List of Contacted Persons/Stakeholders ......................................................................................... 45 annex 3: Photos of consultation participants during this RPF preparation .................................................... 50 Annex 4: Sample Minutes of Meeting ........................................................................................................... 54 Annex 5: REGREP Resettlement Screening Form ........................................................................................ 56 Annex 6: Census Survey and Land Asset Inventory ..................................................................................... 58 Annex 7: Outline of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) .................................................................................. 60 Annex 8: REGREP Grievance Mechanism Forms ........................................................................................ 62 Table of Figures Table 1-1: Major potential areas for program components ............................................................................. 3 Table 5-1: Issues Raised and Response provided by EEP ............................................................................. 31 Table 6-1: Potential Adverse Social Impacts and Possible Mitigation Measures .................................. 33 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 59 Table 10-2: Entitlement Matrix ..................................................................................................................... 60 Table 11-2: Procedure to be followed by REGREP GRM ............................................................................ 68 Table 13-1: Indicative Outline of a RAP Budget........................................................................................... 75 Table 14-1: Monitoring Indicators ................................................................................................................. 80 Table 14-2: Auditable Criteria for Performance Standard 5 .................................................................. 84 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) iv ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Figure 2.2-2: Simple Photovoltaic System ...................................................................................................... 5 Figure 2.2-3: Typical Wind Turbine Components ........................................................................................... 8 Figure 8-1: Structure of RAP Development .................................................................................................. 46 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) v ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) ABBREVIATIONS ADLI Agricultural Development Led Industrialization ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage CBO Community Based Organization CSA Central Statistical Agency ECCD Environment & Climate Change Directorate EEP Ethiopian Electric Power EPA Environmental Protection Authority EPLAU Environmental Protection, Land Administration, and Use Authority ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia GoE Government of Ethiopia GPS Global Positioning System GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism GTP Growth Transformation Plan GW Giga watt Ha Hectare HV High Voltage HIV/AIDS Human Immune deficiency Virus /Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IPP Independent Power Producers Km Kilo Meter Kg kilogram KV Kilo Volt KW Kilo watt LAU Land Administration and Use MW Mega Watt MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity MPA Multiphase Programmatic Approach PAD Project Appraisal Document PAPs Project Affected Persons PAHHs Project Affected households WB PS World Bank Performance Standard REGREP Renewable Energy Guarantee Program RIC Resettlement Implementation Committee RoW Right of Way TL Transmission Line UNESCO United Nations Education, Science and Culture Organization Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) vi ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) GLOSSARY OF RESETTLEMENT RELATED TERMS Census A field survey carried out to identify and determine the number of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) or Displaced Persons (DPs) as a result of land acquisition and related impacts. The census provides the basic information necessary for determining eligibility for compensation, resettlement, and other measures emanating from consultations with affected communities and the local government institutions. Compensation The payment in kind, cash or other assets given in exchange for the acquisition of land including fixed assets, is called compensation. These include other impacts resulting from activities to rehabilitate or cushion the impacts from displacement. Cut-off Date The cut-off date is the date of completion of the census of PAPs or DPs within the REGREP area boundaries. This is the date on and beyond which any person whose land is occupied for REGREPproject, will not be eligible for compensation. Grievance Redress The RPF contains a grievance redress mechanism based on policies and procedures Mechanism that are designed to ensure that the complaints or disputes about any aspect of the land acquisition, compensation, resettlement, and rehabilitation process, etc. are being addressed. This mechanism includes a procedure for filing of complaints and a process for dispute resolution within an acceptable time period. Implementation Schedule The RPF contains an implementation schedule that outlines the timeframe for planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the RAPs for projects, if applicable. Informal Settlers/Non- Person or group of persons recognized by custom, unwritten rules or other socially titled/ Squatters accepted processes as holding certain ownership or usufruct rights over a land or resource, although these usufruct rights are neither formalized in a legal document such as a title nor officially registered. Land Land refers to all types of agricultural and/or non-agricultural land and any structures thereon whether temporary or permanent and which may be acquired by the REGREP activities. Land Acquisition Land acquisition means the possession of or alienation of land, buildings, or other assets thereon for purposes of the REGREP implementation. Project Affected Persons Project affected persons (PAPs) or Displaced Persons (DPs) are persons affected by (PAPs) or Displaced land and other assets loss as a result of REGREP activities. These person(s) are Persons (DPs) affected because they may lose, be denied, or be restricted access to economic assets; lose shelter, income sources, or means of livelihood. These persons are affected whether or not they will move to another location. Most often, the term DPs applies to those who are physically relocated. These people may have their: standard of living adversely affected, whether or not the Displaced Person will move to another location; lose right, title, interest in any houses, land (including premises, agricultural and grazing land) or any other fixed or movable assets acquired or possessed, lose access to productive assets or any means of livelihood. Project Impacts Impacts on the people living and working in the affected areas of the project, including the surrounding and host communities are assessed as part of the overall evaluation of Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) vii ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) the project. Project Implementing Unit Some projects make use of project implementing units (PIUs), which are generally (PIU) separate units within the project recipient’s agency. The PIU is often composed of full time staff devoted to implementing the project, and have been encouraged to have separate teams with environment and social specialists who can carry out the activities, for example, as outlined in the RPF or RAP. Rehabilitation Assistance Rehabilitation assistance is the provision of development assistance in addition to compensation such as livelihood support, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities, needed to assist PAPs or DPs restore their livelihoods. Replacement Cost Replacement cost refers to the amount sufficient to cover full recovery of lost assets and related transaction costs. The cost should be based on Market rate (commercial rate) according to Ethiopian laws for sale of property. It is normally calculated based on a willing buyer-willing seller basis, but also applies in Ethiopia to acceptable market valuation or from an assessment from the Land Commission and government value. Resettlement Action Plan The RAP is a resettlement instrument (document) to be prepared when project (RAP) locations are identified. In such cases, land acquisition leads to physical displacement of persons, and/or loss of shelter, and /or loss of livelihoods and/or loss, denial or restriction of access to economic resources. RAPs are prepared by the implementing agency (in this case, Independent Power Producers- IPPs) and contain specific and legal binding requirements to resettle and compensate the affected people before the start of project implementation. Resettlement Assistance Resettlement assistance refers to activities that are usually provided during, and immediately after, relocation, such as moving allowances, residential housing, or rentals or other assistance to make the transition smoother for affected households. Resettlement Policy The RPF is an instrument to be used throughout the project’s implementation. The Framework (RPF) RPF sets out the objectives and principles, organizational arrangements, and funding mechanisms for any resettlement, that may be necessary during implementation. The RPF guides the preparation of Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), as needed, for projects. Rights and Entitlements Rights and entitlements are defined for PAPs and DPs (with the cut-off date) and cover those losing businesses, jobs, and income. These include options for land-for-land or cash compensation. Options regarding community and individual resettlement, and provisions and entitlements to be provided for each affected community or household will be determined and explained, usually in an entitlement matrix. Stakeholders Any and all individuals, groups, organizations, and institutions interested in and potentially affected by a project or having the ability to influence a project. Vulnerable Groups People who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) viii ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) resettlement assistance and related development benefits. Scaling Solar Program Ethiopia, with support from the World Bank, launched its National Electrification Program (NEP) to strategically shift from infrastructure development to the delivery of adequate, reliable, and affordable electricity services. With an objective of scaling up annual connections to about 1,000,000 new consumers in the near term, the NEP is projected to significantly boost domestic electricity sales and revenues. The Government aims to meet the rapidly growing demand for electricity by complementing further hydropower investments with solar, wind, and geothermal power to diversify sources of supply and improve resilience to climate change. Ethiopia’s case for a diverse and secure energy mix stems from an overwhelming dependence on hydropower. The REGREP Multi Phased Approach (MPA) will benefit from and contribute to the learning agenda under the World Bank Group’s Scaling Solar Initiative. Several of the proposed transactions will be developed under the Scaling Solar Initiative. Scaling Solar brings together a suite of IDA, IFC, and MIGA services and instruments under a single engagement aimed at creating viable markets for grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants. It is an open, competitive, and transparent approach that facilitates the rapid development of privately owned, utility-scale solar PV projects in Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the world. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) ix ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) endeavors to promote private-sector development of power generation to increase the energy production and enhance capacity to deliver the additional power to the national grid and to regional customers. The main reason, that makes the public sector turn to renewable energy projects through Independent Power Producers (IPP), is that the Government chooses to take advantage of the innovation, the know-how, the flexibility of private sector funding. The promotion of projects based on renewable energy will contribute not only to sustainable development, but also to economic growth, job creation; increased competitiveness of industry, rural development, reduction of imports and enhancement of gender equality. Therefore, the development and construction of National Scaling Solar and Wind Energy Development Project is through a coordinated, packaged, and largely standardized based on a template Public Private Partnership (PPP) transaction. At the core of the initiative is a set of standard documents (including a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and Government Support Agreement) that represent a balanced risk allocation which should be acceptable to all major stakeholders (i.e. government, the power purchaser, / grid operator, project sponsors, and lenders). The rationale for preparing this RPF The construction and operation of projects as part of the proposed National Scaling Solar and Scaling Wind program are expected to bring positive environmental and socio-economic benefits to the project areas, including local communities, as well as to the nation at large. This RPF is prepared to serve as a safeguard instrument that spells out corporate resettlement policy framework, institutional arrangements, and capacity available to identify and mitigate potential safeguard concerns and impacts of each project. This ensures that REGREP meet the national and local resettlement requirements and consistent with International Best Practices, with reference to the World Bank Performance Standard 5 and other applicable safeguard provisions. The RPF will provide the ‘Private Entity’/ Independent Power Producers (IPPs), a framework that will facilitate compliance with relevant standards on Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement and other requirements for the implementation of project activities in a coherent manner. The framework gives a platform of standard principles and processes for project activities, mainly construction works, agreeable to all parties – MoWIE, EEP, IPPs, and others, as appropriate. Objective of the RPF The overall objective of this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is to provide policies, principles and procedures for the preparation of Resettlement Action Plans that will govern the mitigation of adverse displacement impacts induced by both scaling solar and wind energy development projects implementation. The specific objectives of the RPF are to: 1) Describe the legal and institutional framework and underlying approaches for resettlement, compensation and rehabilitation operations; 2) Establish the solar and wind energy development program resettlement and compensation principles and implementation arrangements; 3) Define the eligibility criteria for identification of PAPs and entitlements; 4) Describe the consultation procedures and participatory approaches involving PAPs and other key Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) x ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) stakeholders; and 5) Outline the procedures for managing grievances and dispute settling. Program Location and Scope of RPF The proposed national program covers regions of Ethiopia which are studied to have power potential. The specific locations will be decided in consultation with the Regions/City Administrations and Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity. For this RPF study, 9 major potential areas in five National Regional States of Ethiopia have been assessed; namely: Somali, Tigray, Oromia, Afar and Amhara as well as the Federal City of Dire Dawa. Forscaling solar project, areas included:Metehara,Welenchiti,Gad,Dicheto,Hurso,Mekele,Humera,Weranso and Metema. For scaling Wind project, areas included:Hadigala,Tulu-guled,Gode,Dideya,Diredawa,Ayisha I,Iteya,Ayisha II,and Debrebirhan Methodology The RPF is prepared in accordance with applicable Ethiopian Legislations and international best practices1. Preparation of this RPF has utilizedboth primary and secondary sources of data collection. The distinct methodologies adopted for the preparation of this RPF include literature review, consultations and focal group discussions with key institutions, stakeholders, and beneficiaries; and site visits at selected proposed project locations in the potential regions, zones, and Woredas. Existing Policy, Legal and Administrative Frameworks The RPF deliberates the Ethiopian legal framework and World Bank (WB) standards and guidelines. The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) has provisions on environmental, social, land acquisition and involuntary resettlement and compensation aspects, with further details outlined in Proclamation 455/2005 on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes andPayment of Compensation Proclamation respective proclamations. As international best practice, this document refers to World Bank Performance Standards 1 (Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts and Performance), 5 (Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement), and 7 (Indigenous People2), as EEP embraces international best standards. As part of the discussion on the legal requirements provided by the Ethiopian Government and WB PS 5, a comparison has been done. A summary of comparison of the key elements in the Ethiopian legislation and WB PS 5, and recommendations to address gaps is dealt in this RPF. In case of differences between the Ethiopian Legislation and WB PS 5, the World Bank Performance Standards will prevail. Federal System Ethiopia encompasses nine Regional Administrations and two Metropolitan City Administrations under the Federal Government. The Regions show a diverse biophysical environment, with differences in topography and altitude, climate, vegetation, wildlife, geology, human settlements, and occupations.Equally, target areas have different socio-economic conditions. An account of the existing social environment was gathered and discussed under the baseline information section of this RPF and 1 Core reference is being made to the World Bank Performance Standards. 2 In the Ethiopian context, all inhabitants are regarded indigenous. The concept of PS7 applies to the emerging regions as well as pastoralist and agro-pastoralist areas as noted by the Ethiopian constitution. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) xi ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) used to assess the potential environmental and social impacts that could be generated from the proposed program activities. Description of Program Components Scaling Solar Projects The scope of projects in terms of capacity and land use is not pre-defined. Bidders can offer crystalline (mono or poly) or thin film PV modules (amorphous silicon, CdTe or CIS/CIGS), centralized or decentralized inverter solutions, and fixed tilt or tracking systems (single-axis or dual-axis). It has to be noted that the power production technology is definedasconventionalphotovoltaicsand willthennotimplyanysortof solarconcentrationtechnology such as CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) or CPV (Concentrator Photovoltaics). A photovoltaic system is designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It entails arrangement of several components including solar panels which absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter which changes the electric current from DC to AC and other electric accessories like cable to set up a working system. Wind Energy Development Project Wind power is a relatively mature technology. It competes with other energy sources in terms of price, environmental effects and usability. With the exception of hydro power, wind power is closer to commercial profitability than any of the other renewable sources, though improved project economy is a vital challenge for wind power. The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses, schools, and the like. Transmission Line and substation While most of the potential sites will be closer to the medium and high voltage transmission lines, there will be construction of connection transmission lines in a range of 1-3 kilometers and sub stations. While the land required for the substations will be part of the solar and wind energy development, the transmission lines land requirement will be smaller given their linear nature. Anticipated Environmental and Social Impacts The proposed national program (scaling solar and wind energy development) is envisaged to contribute for sustainable provision of renewable energy in the country. The actual implementation sites of various projects under this program are not yet known. In this regard, the potential impacts described in this RPF document are those anticipated and indicative to serve as a guideline for a thorough assessment of resettlement related impacts, and to develop broader relevant safeguards instruments, such as Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The implementation of works under the REGREP program activities in targeted locations of Ethiopia implies a need for land and hence land acquisition that is expected to lead to physical and economic displacement of people and loss of access to the land that provides for social and economic resources. Therefore, this Resettlement Policy Framework and corresponding Resettlement Action Plans have to be developed to guide the projects activities and ensure compliance with national requirements and WB PS 5 (in case of differences between the national laws and WB PS, the later will prevail) for land acquisition and resettlement and international best practice. Overall, limited negative social impacts are anticipated to affect nearby communities. Besides, impacts Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) xii ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) that are expected to be generated from the construction and operation phases will be mitigated or avoided through implementation of appropriate means and best practices. Public Consultation and Disclosure During the preparation of this RPF, a representative sample of different stakeholders were consulted, including beneficiaries, officials, and experts from different bureaus. The process was pertinent to gather their views on the implementation of the proposed program components and the associated benefits and impacts.Consultations were conducted as round table and one-on-one discussions. Consultations were held in several regions as noted above.The various meetings that were held with stakeholders and project beneficiaries provided information on potential program implementation challenges, capacity needs, and potential impacts of the proposed projects; and expressed confidence in the positive development outcome of the program. As REGREP is going to be implemented in selected places across Ethiopia, including areas identified as underserved regions and communities of the country. Thus this RPF is designed to cover Indigenous people/underserved communities, the consultations in such locations therefore need to consider Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) for the loss of land and PS 7 requirements need to be met in the preparation of site specific RAPs. Resettlement Planning Procedure International best practice requires a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for any project that results in either physical or economic displacement of people. People who are displaced from land or productive resources and the displacement results in relocation, the loss of shelter, the loss of assets or access to assets important to production.Further, the loss of income sources or means of livelihood; or the loss of access to locations that provide higher income or lower expenditure to business or persons. The scope and level of detail of resettlement planning depends on the project’s complexity and the magnitude of its effects. As a minimum requirement, a RAP must ensure that the livelihoods of people affected by the project are restored to levels equal or better to before inception of the project. Thus, resettlement activities should result in measurable improvements in the economic conditions and social well-being of affected people and communities. Core components of best practice are thereby that people affected by a project must be: ✓ consulted regarding resettlement activities; ✓ provided with timely compensation for lost assets at full replacement cost; ✓ provided with alternative sites for relocation; ✓ provided with resettlement assistance, if required; and ✓ restored to livelihoods whose standards compare with, and preferablyexceed, those that prevailedbefore resettlement. Affected populations and impacts should be identified through a series of key steps: Step 1: Census: The census of people affected by the project is a key initial stage in the preparation of the RAP following the disclosure of a Cut-Off-Date. The census serves five important and interrelated functions: a) enumerating and collectingbasic information on the affected population; b) registering the affected population by residence or locality; c) establishing a list of legitimate beneficiaries before the project’s onset that counters spuriousclaims from those moving into the project area solely in anticipation of benefits; Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) xiii ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) d) laying a framework for subsequent socioeconomic research neededto establish fair compensation rates and to design, monitor,andevaluatesustainableincomerestorationor development interventions; and e) providing a baseline for monitoringand evaluation. Step 2:Inventory of Affected Asset: the IPP must undertake a detailed survey of all losses that will result for each household, enterprise, or community affected by the project.The survey should account for land acquisitionand loss of physical assets as well as loss of income, either temporary or permanentresulting from displacement of household members from employment or income-generating resources. Assets held collectively, such as water sources, livestock grazing areas, irrigation systems, and community structures should be recorded separately.It is essential for resettlement planners to consult with affected people during this step, to develop a reasonable consensus on the methods and formulas for assigning value to lost assets and income forgone during resettlement. The process must be transparently disclosed to all community members prior to commencement. Step 3: Collecting socio economicdata on livelihood strategies of PAPs: A substantial amount ofhousehold level socioeconomic data is collected during the census and inventories of assets.However, low incomehouseholds,particularly in rural areas, typically have diversified livelihood strategies that combine agriculture with wage labor and small-scale enterprise.Therefore, it is important to survey all income sources in order to calculate income loss from project landacquisition as a proportion of total income.Analysis of these data will help identifythose householdsmost at risk from physical or economic displacement. This information provides resettlement planners with an understanding of household income streams and of how these streams can be restored after resettlement is complete. It also provides a baseline forevaluating thesuccess oflivelihood restoration and sustainable development measures. In gathering the socioeconomic data on livelihood strategies of PAPs, it is important to disaggregate production and incomestreamdataby genderin orderto differentiatetherolesthatmenandwomenplayin maintaining a household’s livelihoodand to design appropriate strategies to restore income. Collecting gender-disaggregated data is the most crucial step for ensuring that the needs and concerns of women are addressed in the resettlement plan. Similarly, it is necessary to collect data on female-headed households, on elderly, and on households encompassing people with disabilities. Step 4: Analysis of Surveys and Studies: Analysis of the data collected in the census, assets inventory, and socioeconomic studies serves three ends: 1) it provides information needed to establishanentitlement matrixfor household andcommunitylevel compensation; 2) it yields basiceconomic andsocialinformationneeded to designappropriate livelihoodrestorationand development interventions; and 3) it providesquantifiabledemographic, economic,educational,occupational,andhealthindicators for future monitoringand evaluation of RAP implementation. Step 5: Consultation with Affected People Concerning Assistance Benefits and Development Opportunities: Withthe informationprovidedby the surveys andstudies, IPPs canengagein informedandconstructive consultations with the affected community regarding the RAP strategy for livelihoodrestoration.A committee of community representatives serves as a focal point for consultations Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) xiv ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) on the types of assistance proposed by the project office as well as for subsequent participation of the community in RAP implementation. Where host communities are affected by resettlement decisions, representatives of these communities shall be included in these consultations. Step 6: Development of RAP, Review and Approval Processes: Following the socio-economic survey and identification of affected parties, a RAP will be developed by the project Implementing Agency/ IPP’s relevant experts, with the potential support of a consultant, and in consultation with concerned stakeholders and PAPs. The crucial aspect of a RAP process is that a specific, auditable process shall be established; that is appropriate to the impacts and that allows for consultation throughout the process. It must also ensure that those affected by displacement, whether economic or physical, shall be no worse off, and preferably better off, than before. Following completion of the RAP for the proposed program components, the IPP project office will submit the RAP to EEP/MoWIE for approval and ensure compliance with this RPF and respective standards referenced within. After approval by MoWIE, the RAP will be disclosed in a form and language accessible to the project’s different stakeholders. Entitlements provided shall be the same or higher than outlined in this RPF. Grievance Redress Mechanism A local Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be established, consisting of representatives from PAPs, MoWIErepresentative, representative of the IPP, representative from City Municipality/ Woreda/ Kebele Administration, Woreda Justice Office, elders or influential personalities other than the aggrieved persons, and the Church/Mosque Administration. The Committee will be headed by City/Woreda Administrator. Grievances should be settled amicably whenever possible. That is, positive discussions will be made to identify the cause of the grievance and solutions to solve it. If the resolution of a case requires additional payments or any form of relocation of resources, the report shall be sent to the appropriate administrative executive for consideration. If the administrator agrees to the recommendation, he/she shall instruct the resettlement Unit/ Department in the IPP office to implement the amended provision. Further, the aggrieved party may pursue the case in a formal court system. Any of the parties to a grievance case can access the Ethiopian court system at any time. The GRC with support by the IPP will establish a log system, including information on the grievance, on investigations, and attempted solutions. The duration of addressing grievances is regulated by the Ethiopian law. If a grievance cannot be solved in time, formal notice shall be given to the PAP that additional time is required equal or less than the legally set period. GBV Risk Mitigation and Response Measures The IPPs and the contractors shall interact with local communities and their representatives in a manner that maintains and promotes a good relationship. A Code of Conduct shall be prepared covering the main rules of interaction with local communities and the rules of conduct in case of conflict situations. The Code of Conduct shall include prevention and strong sanctions on gender based violence (GBV), sexual abuse and exploitation of child labor in the workplace, especially related to project affected communities. All contractors shall participate in the project’s grievance mechanism, which will allow the affected communities to express concerns about the conduct of personnel and other issues. The grievance mechanism will include a mechanism for assessing the credibility of allegations, investigation of credible allegations of unlawful behavior, corrective actions and documentation and (where appropriate) reporting of such incidents. The grievance mechanism shall ensure safe, confidential, non-judgmental and ethical reporting systems on GBV, sexual abuse and child labor as well as service referral to survivors to alert cases of prevalence and assure them to access adequate response. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) xv ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Budget and Funding Arrangement As stated in the Constitution of FDRE, people affected by development projects have the right to be compensated and resettled wherever the situation compels. This forms the bottom line for the commitment of the Government towards compensation and resettlement. Any required physical resettlement will be financed through counterpart funds from the Government of Ethiopia. However, there will be instances where the private sector may finance land acquisition, livelihoods restorations and related environmental and social safeguards management costs. In such cases, this will be made clear at the outset. At this stage where the locations of program components have not yet been determined, and the number of PAPs cannot be identified, it is not possible to provide an estimated budget for the total costs of resettlement that may be associated with the implementation of this program. When these locations are known and respective RAPs prepared as outlined above, preparation of a detailed and accurate budget for each RAP shall be developed and included in the respective document and thus cleared together with the RAP document overall. Monitoring and Evaluation REGREP will establish a monitoring and evaluation system in line with WB PS 5 requirements comprising: ➢ Internal monitoring by the IPP team with active participation of affected communities as much as possible and other stakeholders. ➢ External monitoring by a third-party specialist, including a RAP completion audit in relation to Ethiopian legislation and WB PS5 requirements. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) xvi ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 1. INTRODUCTION The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) endeavors to promote private-sector development of power generation to increase the energy production and enhance capacity to deliver the additional power to the national grid and to regional customers. The main reason, that makes the public sector turn to renewable energy projects through Independent Power Producers (IPP), is that the Government chooses to take advantage of the innovation, the know-how, the flexibility of private sector funding. The promotion of projects based on renewable energy will contribute not only to sustainable development, but also to economic growth, job creation; increased competitiveness of industry, rural development, reduction of imports and enhancement of gender equality. Therefore, the development and construction of National Scaling Solar and Wind Energy Development Project is through a coordinated, packaged, and largely standardized based on a template Public Private Partnership (PPP) transaction. At the core of the initiative is a set of standard documents (including a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and Government Support Agreement) that represent a balanced risk allocation which should be acceptable to all major stakeholders (i.e. government, the power purchaser, / grid operator, project sponsors, and lenders). 1.1. Rationale for the Preparation of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) The construction and operation of projects as part of the proposed National Scaling Solar and Scaling Wind program are expected to bring positive environmental and socio-economic benefits to the project areas, including local communities, as well as to the nation at large. This RPF is prepared to serve as a safeguard instrument that spells out corporate resettlement policy framework, institutional arrangements, and capacity available to identify and mitigate potential safeguard concerns and impacts of each project. This ensures that REGREP meet the national and local resettlement requirements and consistent with International Best Practices, with reference to the World Bank Performance Standard 5 and other applicable safeguard provisions. The RPF will provide the ‘Private Entity’/ Independent Power Producers (IPPs), a framework that will facilitate compliance with relevant standards on Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement and other requirements for the implementation of project activities in a coherent manner. The framework gives a platform of standard principles and processes for project activities, mainly construction works, agreeable to all parties – MoWIE, EEP, IPPs, and others, as appropriate. 1.2. Objective and Principles of the RPF 1.2.1. Objectives of the RPF The overall objective of this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is to provide policies, principles and procedures in the preparation of Resettlement Action Plan that will govern the mitigation of adverse displacement impacts induced by bothscaling solar and wind energy development projects implementation. The specific objectives of the RPF are to: 1) Describe the legal and institutional framework and underlying approaches for resettlement, compensation and rehabilitation operations; 2) Establish the solar and wind energy development program resettlement and compensation principles and implementation arrangements; Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 1 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 3) Define the eligibility criteria for identification of PAPs and entitlements; 4) Describe the consultation procedures and participatory approaches involving PAPs and other key stakeholders; and 5) Outline the procedures for managing grievances and dispute settling. 1.2.2. Principles of the RPF This RPF adheres to international best practice as outlined in the WBPerformance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement. Hence, it is framed by the following policy principles: ▪ Involuntary resettlement and land acquisition will be avoided where feasible, or minimized, by exploring all viable alternatives. ▪ In case where involuntary resettlement and land acquisition is inevitable, the RPF seeks to ensure that affected communities are meaningfully consulted, have participated in the planning process, are adequately compensated to the extent that their pre-displacement incomes have been restored, and the process is fair and transparent. It aims to make certain that any possible adverse impacts of proposed REGREP activities are properly addressed through appropriate mitigation measures, particularly against potential impoverishment risks. Displaced and compensated persons will be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them. Required measures for the RPF shall ensure displaced persons are informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement, consulted on, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives; and provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets. If the impacts include physical relocation, measure shall be provided to assist (such as moving allowances) during relocation; and affected persons will be provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or, as required, agricultural sites for which a combination of productive potential, location advantages, and other factors is at least equivalent to the advantages of the old site. The RPF will ensure that, Project Affected Persons (PAPs) will be meaningfully consulted and will have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs; will be compensated for loss of assets at replacement cost; will be assisted in case of resettlement/relocation; will also be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the resettlement or relocation, whichever is higher. The policy applies to all PAPs regardless of the total number affected, the severity of the impact and whether or not they have legal title to the land. Informal or traditional tenure is to be treated. This RPF covers direct economic and social impacts that will result from REGREP and thereby cause involuntary taking of land resulting in: 1) Relocation or loss of shelter; 2) Loss of assets or access to assets; or 3) Loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 2 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 1.3.Program Components The umbrella program incorporates two major components. These are ▪ Scaling Solar program and ▪ Wind energy development program. Scaling Solar program aims to enable rapid roll out of competitively priced, utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) power as a national country program. In addition, the “Growth and Transformation Plan II” of Ethiopia incorporates the development of renewable energy inclusive of wind energy into national energy strategy. Wind energy development is essential for guaranteeing energy security and realizing energydiversification; and help effectively optimizing grid structure and power source distribution. 1.4. Program Location This national program covers regions of Ethiopia which are studied to have immense power potential areas. The specific locations will be decided later, in consultation with the Regions/City Administrations and Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity. For the RPF, 9 major potential areas in five National Regional States of Ethiopia have been assessed representatively; namely: Somali, Tigray, Oromia, Afar and Amhara as well as Dire Dawacity for solar and wind program as mentioned below in Table 1-1. Table 1-1: Major potential areas for program components No Scaling solar projectareas Wind energy development project areas 1 Metehara Hadigala 2 Welenchiti Tulu-guled 3 Gad Gode 4 Dichatu Dideya 5 Hurso Diredawa 6 Mekele Ayisha I 7 Humera Iteya 8 Weranso Ayisha II 9 Metema DebreBirhan 1.5. Method The RPF preparation has been conducted using both primary and secondary sources such as:literature review,field visit, stakeholder consultations and focus group discussions. Each method is described in the proceeding sections. 1.5.1. Literature Review Review on the existing baseline information and relevant materials were undertaken to get the required information. Among the documents that were reviewed, include Project Appraisal Document (PAD), World Bank Safeguards policies and procedures, Government of Ethiopia (GoE) policies and legal frameworks, and other relevant published and unpublished literatures. 1.5.2. Field visits Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 3 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Six teams which comprises of two experts in each from environment and social office of EEP undertook site visits in selected regions, zone and Woredas and city administrationbetween3rd of April to 15th of May, 2018. The following are the specific places visited by the team. 1) Somali Regional State, Sity Zone, Hadigala, Ayisha, Hurso, and Gad Woredas 2) Afar Regional State, Didaya, Dichatu, and Idar (Weranso) Woredas 3) Oromia Regional State, Arsi zone, Hetosa Woreda (Iteya town) 4) Tigray Regional State, KaftaHumora Woreda, 5) Dire Dawa City Administration, 6) Amhara Regional State, Semen Shewa Zone, DebreBirhantown. The field surveys enabled the team to identify the social settings of the proposed program area and identify some of the existing conditions and gaps during the implementation of the both Scaling Solar and Wind Energy Development projects. 1.5.3. Stakeholder Consultations and Focus Group Discussions A series of stakeholder consultations and focus group discussionshave been carried out with decision making bodies, key stakeholders at the federal, regional, zonal and Woreda levels between 3 rd of April to 15th of May, 2018. A list of consulted stakeholders (Annex 2) and concerns raised are discussed in this RPF.Some of the consultations were round table discussions and/or focus group discussions. During consultations and focus group discussions, the major objectives of the program have been raised from the study team and various information including the likely positive and negative impacts and the respective mitigation measures have been pinpointed by the stakeholders. 2. LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINSTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS 2.1.Ethiopian Legislations Related to Land Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement 2.1.1. The Constitution of FDRE The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) is the highest policy and legal document that presents the basis for all laws and policies in the country. The constitution of FDRE, Proclamation No. 1/1995, contains a number of articles, which are relevant to this RPF document. Article 25- Right to Equality All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection without discrimination on grounds of race, nation, nationality, or other social origin, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, property, birth or other status. Article 35- Rights of Women 1) Women shall; in the enjoyment of rights and protections provided for by the Ethiopian Constitution, have equal right with men. 2) Women have equal rights with men in marriage as prescribed by this Constitution. 3) The historical legacy of inequality and discrimination suffered by women in Ethiopia taken into Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 4 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) account, women, in order to remedy this legacy, are entitled to affirmative measures. The purpose of such measures shall be to provide special attention to women so as to enable them compete and participate on the basis of equality with men in political, social and economic life as well as in public and private institutions. 4) The State shall enforce the right of women to eliminate the influences of harmful customs. Laws, customs and practices that oppress or cause bodily or mental harm to women are prohibited. 5) Women have the right to full consultation in the formulation of national development policies, the designing and execution of projects, and particularly in the case of projects affecting the interests of women. 6) Women have the right to acquire, administer, control, use and transfer property. In particular, they have equal rights with men with respect to use, transfer, administration andcontrol of land. They shall also enjoy equal treatment inthe inheritance of property. Article 37- Right of Access to Justice 1) Everyone has the right to bring a justifiable matter to, and to obtain a decision or judgment by, a court of law or anyother competent body with judicial power. Article 39- Rights of Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples 3) Every Nation, Nationality and People in Ethiopia has the right to a full measure of self-government which includes the right to establish institutions of government in the territory that it inhabits and to equitable representation in State and Federal Governments. Article 40- The Right to Property 1) Every Ethiopian citizen has the right to the ownership ofprivate property. Unless prescribed otherwise by law onaccount of public interest, this right shall include the right toacquire,to use and, in a manner compatible with the rights ofother citizens, to dispose of such property by sale or bequestor to transfer it otherwise. 2) "Private property", for the purpose of this Article, shallmean any tangible or intangible product which has value andis produced by the labor, creativity, enterprise or capital ofan individual citizen, associations which enjoy juridical personality under the law, or in appropriate circumstances by communities specifically empowered by law to own property in common. 3) The right to ownership of rural and urban land, as well as of all natural resources, is exclusively vested in the State and in the peoples of Ethiopia. Land is a common property of the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to other means of exchange. 4) Ethiopian peasants have right to obtain land without payment and the protection against eviction from their possession.The implementation of this provision shall be specified bylaw. 5) Ethiopian pastoralists have the right to free land for grazingand cultivation as well as the right not to be displaced fromtheir own lands. The implementation shall be specified bylaw. 6) Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by his labor or capital. This right shall include the right to alienate, to bequeath, and, where the right of use expires, to remove his property, transfer his title, or claim compensation for it. Particulars shall be determined by law. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 5 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 7) Without prejudice to the right to private property, the government may expropriate private property for public purposes subject to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of the property Article 44- Environmental Rights 1) All persons have the right to a clean and healthy environment. 2) All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of State programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequate State assistance. Article 89- Economic Objectives 4. Government shall provide special assistance to Nations,Nationalities, and Peoples least advantaged in economicand social development. 5. Government has the duty to hold, on behalf of the People,land and other natural resources and to deploy them fortheir common benefit and development. 6. Government shall at all times promote the participation ofthe People in the formulation of national developmentpolicies and programs; it shall also have the duty tosupport the initiatives of the People in their development endeavors. 7. Government shall ensure the participation of women inequality with men in all economic and social development endeavors. 8. Government shall endeavor to protect and promote thehealth, welfare and living standards of the workingpopulation of the country. Article 90- Social Objectives 1. To the extent the country's resources permit, policies shall aim to provide all Ethiopians access to public health and education, clean water, housing, food and social security. Article 91- Cultural Objectives 1. Government shall have the duty to support, on the basis of equality, the growth and enrichment of cultures and traditions that are compatible with fundamental rights, human dignity, democratic norms and ideals, and the provisions of the Constitution. 2. Government and all Ethiopian citizens shall have the duty to protect the country's natural endowment, historical sites and objects. 2.1.2. Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation No. 455/2005 In order to facilitate expropriation of landholding and payment of compensation, the government enacted a proclamation in July 2005 on the “Expropriation of landholding for public purposes and payment of Compensation” Proclamation No. 455/2005. The objective of the proclamation was to define the basic principles that have to be taken into consideration in determining compensation to a person whose landholding has been expropriated. The proclamation indicated certain procedures to be followed during the expropriation of landholdings: Power to Expropriate Landholding: Woreda or an urban administration shall up on payment in advance Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 6 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) of compensation, have the power to expropriate rural or urban holdings for public purposes where it should be used for a better development projects to be carried out by public entities, private investors, cooperative societies or other organs, or where such expropriation has been decided by the appropriate higher regional or federal government organ for the same purpose and investors. Notification of Expropriation Order: In this context the landholders will be notified in writing, when they should vacate and the amount of compensation to be paid. The period of notification to be given shall be determined by directives, it may not, in any way, be less than ninety days (90). The landholder shall handover the land to the Woreda or urban administration within in ninety (90) days from the date of payment of compensation. The Responsibility of Implementing Agency: as defined in the proclamation, include preparing detail data pertaining to the land needed for its works and send same, at least one (01) year before the commencement of the works and to the organs empowered to expropriate land, pay compensation in accordance with this proclamation to landholders whose holdings have been expropriated. Amount of Compensation: As per Article 7 of the Proclamation, the amount is based on certain conditions, which include; ➢ The landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be entitled to payment of compensation for his property situated on the land and permanent improvements she/he made to such land; ➢ The amount of compensation for the property shall be determined on the basis of replacement cost of the property, and if it is in urban area, it may not, in any way be, less than the current cost of constructing a single room low cost house. ➢ Compensation for permanent improvement to land shall be equal to the value of capital and labor expended on the land, and costs of removal, transportation and erection shall be paid as compensation for property that could be relocated and continue its services as before. Displacement Compensation: is also indicated in the Proclamation, Article 8 indicates that such compensation shall be paid within the following conditions: ➢ A rural landholder, whose landholding has been permanently expropriated, in addition to Article 7, be paid displacement compensation which is equivalent to ten times the average annual income he/she secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. ➢ A rural landholder or holders of communal land whose landholding has been provisionally expropriated shall, in addition to Article 7, be paid until repossession of the land, and also for lost income based on the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land, however, such payment shall not exceed the amount of compensation payable under the above Article. ➢ If Woreda administration confirms that a substitute land which can easily be ploughed and generate comparable income is available for the holder, the compensation to be paid as mentioned above shall only be equivalent to the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. ➢ For urban landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be provided with a plot of urban land, and be paid displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual rent of the demolished dwelling house. For the business houses to be demolished, mutatis mutandis shall apply. ➢ Certified private or public institution or individual consultants on the basis of valuation formula adopted at the national level shall carry out the valuation of property situated on land to be expropriated. Property Valuation: the proclamation has also indicated who should be the committee members during Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 7 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) valuation of properties to be affected. It states that the Woreda administration where the land to be expropriated is located in rural areas, shall assign a committee of not more than five experts having relevant qualification and if the land is located in urban area, the urban administration shall do the same for valuing property. If the land to be expropriated requires specialized knowledge and experience, a separate committee of experts, to be designated by the Woreda or urban administration, shall value it. Complaints and Appeals in Relation to Compensation Payments: as per the proclamation, are to be dealt in the following manner: ➢If the holder is dissatisfied with the amount of compensation, complaints might be lodged to administrative organ established to hear grievances related to urban landholdings. ➢If administration organ to hear grievances related to urban holdings is not yet established, compliant shall be submitted to regular court having jurisdiction; ➢The above organ shall examine the complaint and give its decision within short period of time as specified by directives issued by the region. ➢The party dissatisfied with the decision rendered above may appeal to the regular appellate court or municipal appellate court within 30 days. ➢The execution of an expropriation order may not be delayed due to a complaint regarding the amount of compensation. On the other hand, the Civil Code of Ethiopia includes provisions as to the procedures for dispute settlements. According to the Civil Code of Ethiopia, in the case of dispute on the amount of compensation between the competent authorities and the owner of the expropriated immovable, an arbitration appraisement committee shall fix the amount. Article 1473 does not mention about the composition of the members of the committee, except stating “committee shall comprise such members”. If the interested party or the competent authorities do not agree on the decision of the arbitration appraisement committee according to Article 1477, appeal could be made within three months from the decision of the committee. In line with the Civil Code, grievances are first preferred to be settled amicably whenever possible in the presence of elders, local administration representatives or any influential persons in the locality. If the PAPs are not satisfied with what has been proposed by the amicable means, then the litigation is referred to the formal courts. In the course of implementing the proclamation, “Expropriation of landholding for public purposes and payment of Compensation” Proclamation No. 455/2005, the Ministry of Federal Affairs has the duties and responsibilities to: ✓ follow up and ensuring that the provisions of the proclamation are complied with in a region, ✓ give technical and capacity building support to regions, and ✓ prepare, in collaboration with other federal governments, national valuation formula for the determination of compensation payable under this proclamation, and submit the same to the Council of Ministers for approval. On the other hand, the Woreda and urban administrations have the following responsibilities and duties; i.e. pay or cause the payment of compensation to holders of expropriated land and provide them with rehabilitation support to the extent possible and maintain data of properties removed, town expropriated landholdings particulars and conditions of maintaining such data shall be prescribed by directives. Proclamation No 455/2005 Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation establishes the legal principles and framework for expropriation and compensation. 2.1.3. FDRE Council of Ministers Regulation No. 135/2007 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 8 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) The Council of Ministers Regulation No. 135/2007 is issued on the payment of compensation for property situated on land holdings expropriated for public purposes, for the proper implementation of the proclamation No. 455/2005. This regulation was issued for the purpose of not only paying compensation but also to assist displaced persons to restore their livelihoods. This regulation set forth details to determine the amount of compensation for different assets found on land holdings expropriated for public purpose and stipulated the formula to calculate the amount of compensation payable for different assets. The regulation recognizes that land replacement should be made for urban and rural lands. In rural areas if land replacement is not possible for permanently affected land, PAPs will be compensated for the affected perennial crops ten times of the annual production.For temporary impact, the amount of compensation will be calculated by the number of years the land is occupied by the intended project. In both permanent and temporary loses of land, the Council of Ministers’ Regulation fails to assess and provide compensation for income restoration. It also does not recognize squatters or those persons who cannot provide evidence of possession for the land they have been cultivating or have built houses. 2.1.4. FDRE Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation No. 456/2005 The Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation (Proclamation No. 456/2005) defines the state ownership of rural land and the tenure rights of the land occupant, including rights to "property produced on his land", rights of inter-generational tenure transfer, and rights of exchange land and limited leasing rights. Provisions are made for the registration and certification of tenure rights. Part 3 of the Proclamation presents regulations relating to the use of rural land, particularly as it relates to soil and water conservation and watershed management. The rural land administration and land use laws are to be implemented by the regional states. Land holding right gives the right to use the land for agricultural purposes as well as to lease it and, while the right remains in effect, bequeath it to family members, as well as the right to acquire property thereon, by labor or capital, and to sell, exchange and bequeath the same. The Proclamation also addresses environmental concerns, including non-compliance with directives on environmental protection. Article 7(3) of the Proclamation reinforces the rights of land users to compensation for the development they have made on the land. It also states that when the land holder is evicted by federal government, the rate of compensation would be determined based on the federal land administration law. When the rural land holder is evicted by regional governments, the rate of compensation would be determined based on the rural land administration laws of regions. It is envisaged that the Proclamation will create a sense of ownership among the vast majority of the rural population and enable them to take initiatives and collectively engage in environmental management activities. 2.1.5. Formal and Customary Practices in Land Use, Ownership and Administration in REGREP proposed Areas There are typically two types of land tenure systems that have crystallized over the course of time. The first is the formal system which is based on policies, laws and proclamations put in place by the federal and regional governments. The second relates to informal tenure, in which land boundaries and rules of resource use and administration are traditionally defined on the basis of clan-based social organization. The latter operates in accordance with existing customary norms and value systems. The basic legal frameworks that operate the land issue in Ethiopia are generated from the1995 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 9 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Constitution.Based on the Council of Ministers Proclamation of 455/2005, the regional states have crafted their own regulation and compensation for land and other properties; have formulated their land policies and land laws. Amongst, Oromia Region proclamation 130/2007, and SNNP Region 110/2007, Afar Region 49/2009, BenishangulGumuz 85/2010, Gambela Region 185/2011, and Ethiopia Somali Regional State 128/2013 are the latest and effect legal framework for the land associated issues at the regional level. Customary Practices in Afar Community: In the context of Afar, the customary and government tenure systems are in frequent interaction with one another and have been subject to the influence of various socio-economic, cultural and political factors.It is indicated that, most of the land in the Afar community is communally administered and is predominantly used for communal livestock grazing. Moreover, in the Afar community, grazing land, and forests have been administered by the ‘ Sulatanet’ or clan-based institution. Each clan and sub clan has its own territory and access by others is subject to prior mutual consent. The customary institutions are mainly based on a clan system in which clan territories provide the framework for land resource utilization, management and administration. In the customary arrangement, only members of a clan have the right to claim land found within the clan territory. The clan is the lowest and de facto unit of traditional administration in Afar, although there are also smaller social unit. Each clan has a well–established gerontocracy, whereby decisionmaking power regarding land and other natural resources resides within the clan council, consisting of the clan leader, elders, and local wise men. Each clan manages its resources collectively, based on customary principles. Along with the customary practices, the Afar Regional Government prepared a policy document regarding rural land use and administration which revised in 2011. The key principle emphasized on this policy instrument that has to be followed with regard to land use and management encompasses (Afar Regional State, 2011): a) Ensuring the participation of the community in land use plan and implementation; b) Every land user has the obligation to properly use and conserve the land. The holder is also guaranteed the right not to be displaced from the land; c) Rural land remains to be the property of the State and the people and is not subjected to sale; d) Women have equal rights with men in relation to the decision regarding land use; e) Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists are guaranteed the right to have access to rural land; and f) The event of eviction for public purpose, the holder has the right to get compensation for the property invested on the land. Customary Practices in Ethiopian Somali Community: land is traditionally owned communally in this community. It is collectively owned and managed by the sub-clan lineages occupying the territory with ‘Guurti-elders’ exercising day-to-day control over land. Communal ownership is the most rational arrangement in a pastoral society given the nomadic nature of the people. Proclamation 128/2013 of Rural Land Use Administration of Ethiopia Somali Regional State claims, as indicated in Article (5/1), to guarantee the rural land-use rights of pastoralists by ensuring that all men and women pastoralists have a right to access grazing land and use it for unlimited time. Moreover, Article (5/3) of the state promotion underscores that communal grazing land that has been used, should be delineated. As it is it seems to limit free mobility of the pastoralists. Furthermore, the article reveals the power of the government to transfer communal land into private use as deemed necessary (Article 5/9). It goes to explain that individuals can lose use rights if the land is to be used for higher public purposes (Article 18/1). Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 10 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 2.1.6. World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policy The World Bank’s safeguard policies are designed to ensure that programs/ projects proposed for Bank financing are environmentally and socially sustainable. The WB has OP 4.03 (WB Performance Standards) for Private Sector Activities that requires borrowers relating to the identification and assessment of environmental and social risks and impacts associated with projects supported by the Bank through Investment Project Financing. The full list of WB Performance Standards presented below: ➢ Performance Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts; ➢ Performance Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions; ➢ Performance Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention; ➢ Performance Standard 4: Community Health Safety and Security; ➢ Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement; ➢ Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources; ➢ Performance Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples; and ➢ Performance Standard 8: Cultural Heritage. The Bank believes that the application of these standards, by focusing on the identification and management of environmental and social risks, will support borrowers in their goal to reduce poverty and increase prosperity in a sustainable manner for the benefit of the environment and their citizens. These standards will: a) Support borrowers in achieving good international practice relating to environmental and social sustainability; b) Assist Borrowers in fulfilling their national and international environmental and social obligations; c) Enhance non-discrimination, transparency, participation, accountability and governance; and d) Enhance the sustainable development outcomes of projects through ongoing stakeholder engagement. For this RPF and succeeding resettlement plans and operations of the proposed REGREP, Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement is particularly relevant, as well as stakeholder engagement aspects of Performance Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts and Performance Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples will entail significance. The main aspect of WB Performance Standard 5 that is applicable to the proposed project financing and directly linked to this RPF is discussed below. 2.1.6.1. Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement This standard recognizes that project-related land acquisition and restrictions on land use can have adverse impacts on communities and persons. Project-related land acquisition or restrictions on land use may cause physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land or loss of shelter), economic displacement (loss of land, assets or access to assets, leading to loss of income sources or other means of Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 11 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) livelihood), or both. The term “involuntary resettlement” refers to these impacts. Resettlement is considered involuntary when affected persons or communities do not have the right to refuse land acquisition or restrictions on land use that result in displacement. The main objectives of this standard are: • To avoid involuntary resettlement or, when unavoidable, minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project design alternatives. • To avoid forced eviction. • To mitigate unavoidable adverse social and economic impacts from land acquisition or restrictions on land use by: (a) providing timely compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost and (b) ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with appropriate disclosure of information, consultation, and the informed participation of those affected. • To assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve, or at least restore, their livelihoods and living standards. • To improve living conditions of poor or vulnerable persons who are physically displaced, through provision of adequate housing, access to services and facilities, and security of tenure. WB PS 5 classified displaced persons as those: (i) who have formal legal rights to the land orassets they occupy or use; (ii) who do not have formal legal rights to land or assets, but have a claimto land that is recognized or recognizable under national law; or (iii) who have no recognizable legalright or claim to the land or assets they occupy or use. The census will establish the status of thedisplaced persons. Land acquisition for REGREP projects may result in negative impacts to different categories of PAPs. This RPF considers PAPs as those who stand to lose as a consequence of the projects activities, all or part of their physical and non-physical assets, including homes, productive lands, resources such as perennial and non-perennial crops, forests, commercial properties, and income- earning opportunities. Such impacts may be permanent or temporary. This might occur through land expropriation and restricted or reduced access to important livelihood resources. National Scaling Solar and Wind Energy Development projects related land acquisition and/or restrictions on land use may result in the physicaldisplacement of people as well as their economic displacement. Consequently, requirements of WB PS 5 in respect of physical displacement and economic displacement may applysimultaneously. This Resettlement Policy Framework applies to all, as stated above, economically and/or physically displaced persons regardless of the total number of affected; the severity of impact and whether or not they have legal title to the land (e.g. the RPF guidelines apply also to those with ill-defined or no title to the land- who may not be protected through Ethiopian’s legislation related to land exploration). WB PS 5 applies to projects when physical and/or economic displacement results from land related transactions such as: land rights or land use rights being acquired through compulsory acquisition in accordance with the legal system of Ethiopia; land rights or land use acquired through negotiated settlements if failure to reach settlement would result in compulsory procedures; and transactions which restrict access to land or use of other resources, including communal property and natural resources. The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 12 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) standard encourages projects to use negotiated settlements even if legal means exist for compulsory acquisition. Further to PS5, requirements are shown in Box 2-1 below. Box 2-1: Requirements of WB PS5 Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement ▪ Feasible alternative Project designs should be considered to avoid or minimize physical or economic displacement, while balancing environmental, social, and financial costs and benefits, paying particular attention to impacts on the poor and vulnerable. ▪ When displacement cannot be avoided, the IPP will offer displaced communities and persons compensation for loss of assets at full replacement cost and other assistance to help them improve or restore their standards of living or livelihoods. ▪ The project should engage with Affected Communities, including host communities, through the process of stakeholder engagement described in WB PS1. ▪ The project implementer/ the IPP should establish a grievance mechanism consistent with WB PS1 as early as possible in the project development phase. ▪ A census should be carried out to collect appropriate socio-economic baseline data to identify the persons who will be displaced by the project, determine who will be eligible for compensation and assistance. ▪ The project implementer/ the IPP should identify those persons who will be displaced and establish a cut-off date to establish eligibility for compensation. ▪ The project implementer/ the IPP have to offer land-based compensation, where feasible, where livelihoods of displaced persons are land- based, or where land is collectively owned. ▪ Encourages negotiated settlements to avoid forcible eviction of people. ▪ Project implementer/ the IPP has to “bridge the gap” between legal requirements of Ethiopian government and the requirements of the Performance Standard where necessary. ▪ Preparation of a RAP clearly demonstrating how displacement will be managed in accordance with the Performance Standard. ▪ Standards for compensation to be transparent and consistent within a project, and established with the participation of the Project Affected Persons. ▪ Project implementer/ the IPP must offer displaced persons and communities’ compensation for loss of assets at full replacement cost, and other assistance to help them improve or at least restore their standards of living or livelihoods. ▪ In the case of physically displaced persons, the project implementer/ the IPP should offer the choice of replacement property of equal or higher value, equivalent or better characteristics, and advantages of location and security of tenure, or cash compensation at full replacement value where appropriate. ▪ If land acquisition for the project causes loss of income or livelihood, regardless of whether or not the affected people are physically displaced, project implementer/ the IPP is required to: promptly compensate economically displaced persons for loss of assets or access to assets at full replacement cost. ▪ In cases where land acquisition affects commercial structures, compensate the affected business owner for the cost of re- establishing commercial activities elsewhere; for lost net income during the period of transition, and for the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 13 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) costs of the transfer and reinstallation of the plant, machinery or other equipment; provide replacement property (e.g. agricultural or commercial sites) of equal or greater value, or cash compensation at full replacement cost where appropriate, to persons with legal rights or claims to land which are recognized or recognizable under the national laws. ▪ Compensate economically displaced persons who are without legally recognizable claims to land for lost assets (such as crops, irrigation infrastructure and other improvements made to the land) other than land, at full replacement cost. ▪ Provide additional targeted assistance (e.g. credit facilities, training, or job opportunities), and opportunities to improve or at least restore their income-earning capacity, production levels, and standards of living to economically displaced persons whose livelihoods or income levels are adversely affected. ▪ Provide transitional support to economically displaced persons, as necessary, based on a reasonable estimate of the time required to restore their income-earning capacity, production levels, and standards of living. ▪ Identify, review, and abide by all laws of Ethiopia and in compliance with WB PS 5 that are applicable to land acquisition and involuntary resettlement. In cases of differences between the two sets of laws and standards, the WB Performance standard will prevail. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 14 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 2.2.Summary of Comparison of the Key Elements in the Ethiopian Legislation and WB PS 5, and Recommendations to Address Gaps Measures Theme WBG PS 5 National Legislation Comment/ Comparison to Address Gap Policy WB PS 5 requires that involuntary The Constitution of Ethiopia and Avoidance or minimization of WB PS 5 overall objectives shall Objectives resettlement should be avoided Proclamation No 455/2005 give power involuntary resettlement is not be applied to avoid or minimize wherever possible or minimized by to Woreda or urban administrations to specified in the Ethiopian legislation. involuntary resettlement and to exploring alternatives. expropriate rural or urban Proclamation No 455/2005 allows for a ensure consultation throughout Resettlement program should be landholdings for public purpose where complaints and grievance process. the process. sustainable, include meaningful it believes that it should be used for a Proclamation No 455/2005 allows for consultation with affected parties and better development some form of support to the displaced provide benefits to affected parties Article 7(5) states that the cost of persons, but does not explicitly specify Displaced persons should be assisted removal, transportation and erection consultation with affected persons in improving livelihoods etc. or at shall be paid as compensation for a through the process. least restoring them to previous levels property targeted for the project. Impacts WB Guidance Note 5, GN1 identifies The Constitution of the Federal The social risks recognized by the REGREP aims to avoid, minimize the main social risks as: Republic of Ethiopia 2005, national law are limited to landlessness, and mitigate all the impacts Landlessness, joblessness, Proclamation No. 455/2005, loss of assets and loss of means of identified in PS5, including those homelessness, marginalization, food Proclamation No. 456/2005, and livelihood. The law is silent on the not covered in national insecurity, loss of access to common Council of Ministers Regulations No. measures to control other risks legislation. Potential social risks property and social services, social 135/2007 consider compensation for associated with displacement. recognized by WB PS 5 shall be disarticulation, loss of income sources only immovable/improvements on In the context of REGREP, the social considered in this case. or other means of livelihood and loss land. The legislation also recognizes risks are related to disruption of of assets the loss of land use rights and livelihoods in a rather vulnerable advocates for allocation of setting. replacement land wherever possible. Impacts on livelihoods can easily In addition, the Constitution (Article trigger other risks like food insecurity, 44(2)) requires that all persons disrupted access to common property displaced or whose livelihoods are (grazing land and watering points), and displaced are provided with monetary joblessness for poorer households who or alternative compensation including sell labor. Such risks are not covered by relocation with state assistance. the law and need to be mitigated. Displaced Displaced persons may be classified According to Article 22 of the The National legislation is silent on REGREP RPF document acknowledges persons as persons (i) who have formal legal "Payment of Compensation for land users without recognizable legal in an event where there is a conflict rights to the land or assets they occupy Property Situated on Landholdings right to the land they occupy. between the national law and WB PS 5 or use; Expropriated for Public Purposes Whereas, WB PS-5 states that, for guidelines, the WB PS prevails as ) who do not have formal legal rights Council of Ministers Regulations No. people who do not have use rights over resettlement framework and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 0 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Measures Theme WBG PS 5 National Legislation Comment/ Comparison to Address Gap to land or assets, but have a claim to 135/2007", all persons claiming the land they occupy, WB PS-5 compensation for assets will be provided land that is recognized or recognizable compensation must produce proof of requires that non-land assets be to all PAPs (including those without legal under national law; legitimate possession of the retained, replaced, or compensated for; title). ) who have no recognizable legal right expropriated landholding and relocation take place with security of or claim to the land or assets they ownership of the property entitling tenure; and lost livelihoods be occupy or use. compensation. restored. Eligibility Those with formal rights, informal According to Article 22 of the The national legislation does not WBG PS 5 entitles compensation Criteria for rights and users without any form of "Payment of Compensation for provide clear guidance on how for assets to all affected Compensation right but with a claim on land are Property Situated on Landholdings claimants without possession of proof individuals regardless of eligible Expropriated for Public Purposes of ownership will claim for landholding rights to land titles Council of Ministers Regulations No. compensation. Whereas, WB PS-5 (including squatter settlements). 135/2007", all persons claiming states that, for people who do not have compensation must produce proof of use rights over the land they occupy, legitimate possession of the WB PS-5 requires that non-land assets expropriated landholding and be retained, replaced, or compensated ownership of the property entitling for; relocation take place with security compensation. of tenure; and lost livelihoods be restored. Cut-off date WBG Guidance Note 5, GN 32 The Civil Code Proclamation No. According to the national legislation, In line with PS5 guidance, defines the cut-off date as the date of 165/1960 indicates that buildings or the expropriation order/notification is REGREP projects will use the completion of the census and assets improvements on land made after the expected to be issued at least 1 year date of the completion of the inventory. issuance of the expropriation order prior to the expropriation. Notification census and assets inventory. This will be not be considered for of the communities in the project area will be publicized and compensation. This implies that the started as early as 2016 during the communicated to the community issuance of the expropriation order assessment of the alternative project and PAPs. marks the cut-off date. sites. Notification of the directly impacted was undertaken in mid-2018, and the asset inventory is done in March 2019. Compensation WB PS 5Guidance Note, GN 22: The Proclamation No. 455/2005, Article Despite all the provisions, there are The WB requirements for rate of compensation for lost assets 7(4&5) requires that the amount of noticeable inconsistences between compensation must be followed shall be calculated at full replacement compensation shall be based on Proclamation No. 455/2005 and the as per WB PS 5, thus REGREP cost, (i.e., the market value of the replacement cost of the property. It valuation formula set out in the Council projects will follow the assets plus transaction costs). further specifies that the value shall be of Ministers Regulations No. 135/2007. compensation of lost assets at equal to the value of capital and Transaction costs like the rural land use full replacement cost in line with labour expended on the land. The payment and income tax imposed on the objectives of the stated PS, Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 1 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Measures Theme WBG PS 5 National Legislation Comment/ Comparison to Address Gap articles further require that for users of rural land (cultivated or not) and in so doing meet replacement relocatable property, the cost of are not put into consideration. The cost standard or exceed the removal transport and reinstallation valuation formula proposed for this market value (which would be shall be factored into the REGREP projects has been updated to lower if the asset has been subject compensation. include such sums. to depreciation). In addition, the rural land holders shall The project proponent shall ensure that also be paid displacement allowance the compensation awards include such on top of compensation estimated as sums. ten times the average annual income for the past 5 years prior to expropriation. Valuation formula are provided in Regulation No. 135/2007 Timing of GN23: Compensation for lost land and The Constitution (Article 40(8) There is a gap in Proclamation No Payment of compensation and compensation assets shall be paid prior to the client requires that expropriation of private 455/2005 to allow land to be support for displaced person payments taking possession of this land or assets property for public purposes shall be expropriated before necessary measures should always be effected before and where possible people shall have subject to advance compensation for resettlement take place, particularly the land is handed over, as per the been resettled at their new sites and payment commensurate to the value of before the displaced person has been requirements of WB PS 5. moving allowances paid to them. the property paid. This can have serious Proclamation No. 455/2005, Article consequences for those affected, as To ensure that all compensations 3(1) requires that compensation shall they may be displaced without shelter are paid prior to possession of the be paid in advance of taking into or livelihood. expropriated property, REGREP possession of the expropriated projects shall institute accessible, immovable and permanent objective, systematic and improvements on land. empowered grievance However, in certain conditions management mechanisms that (objection to compensation payments will allow for swift handling and and other related grievances), the conclusion of all grievances. authorized authority is empowered to In addition, to avoid objections to take over property prior to conclusions compensation payments, on the appeal by the PAP (Civil Code involvement of the affected Proclamation No. 165/1960, Article entities early in the process with 1478). clear transparency about the compensation rates will be essential. This could be done by adopting at least 2 people to represent the affected community Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 2 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Measures Theme WBG PS 5 National Legislation Comment/ Comparison to Address Gap on the compensation committee. Resettlement Requires a resettlement instrument in The Proclamation No. 455/2005 only This document together with the Based on WB 5 GN43, a instruments form of a resettlement action plan, requires a database on properties and database detailing the persons and Resettlement Action Plan should resettlement policy framework or persons affected. property affected and any additional be prepared for any project that livelihood restoration plan (in case of plans for livelihood restoration results in physical displacement. economic displacement). prepared by the developer shall IPPs undertaking projects that together form the equivalent of a entail land acquisition but require resettlement plan/livelihood restoration no physical displacement of plan for REGREP projects. people will prepare a Livelihood Restoration Plan. The scope and level of detail of the RAP will vary with the magnitude of displacement and the complexity of the measures required to mitigate adverse impacts. In all cases, the RAP and LRP will describe the manner in which the objectives of Performance Standard 5 will be achieved. N.B. In case of differences between the Ethiopian Legislation and WB PS 5, the World Bank Performance Standards will prevail. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 3 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 2.3. Gender Actions taken at each stage of the project cycle, from planning to operations, should be based on a gender and social analysis. A gender analysis provides an understanding of how the relationships between men and women—their access to resources, their activities, and the constraints they face relative to each other—affect their ability to participate in and benefit from, the opportunities that the projects provides. Approaches can be grouped into three broad categories that are aligned with the broader framework for addressing gender gaps in World Bank operations overall. 1.Do No Harm: Actions in this category attempt to mitigate unanticipated risks or consequences that a project might create, such as gender‐based violence, displacement from assets, like land or housing, and women’s unpaid work. 2. Ensure Equitable Participation: These actions attempt to address gaps between males and females in participation, opportunities, and access to resources. These include any employment or entrepreneurship prospects that may be created as a result of the project. 3. Actively Close Gender Gaps: Interventions in this group explicitly seek to use operations to create transformational change in the lives of males and females. Close attention will be paid to both ensure gender equality objectives are delivered on in terms of employment opportunities, community consultation, livelihoods and land compensation and GBV across the spectrum of do no harm to actively trying to close gender gaps. Best-practice recommendations and potential actions will be shared with bidders for their consideration at the award stage and during construction and operation. Employment: IPPs will be encouraged to explore employment opportunities for women and attention will be paid to WB PS2 for Labor and Working Conditions, which requires the promotion of fair treatment, non-discrimination, and equal opportunity. Community Consultation: Both women and men will be consulted in community engagement processes during and after construction to ensure their views and concerns are captured through the project duration. Livelihoods Compensation: Important will be recognizing women’s livelihoods and how they may be impacted if land is utilized under the project activities, especially if they fall into the realm of subsistence use or informal economic activities and may not be noted in larger discussions or assessments. Resettlement and Land: Ensure gender equality in access to compensation under the resettlement plan by ensuring that not only the only the name and signature of the “head of household” is required but both that of husband and wife as relevant. If Land Use Certificates are issued it should indicate the names of both husband and wife. Best practices from other regions indicates that land-use rights held jointly by couples result in beneficial effects such as increased household expenditures and women’s self - employment, and lower household vulnerability to poverty. GBV: Mechanisms need to be put in place to prevent and minimize GBV and Violence Against Children (VAC). Such mechanism should include working with the contractors to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace and GBV and VAC in the project affected communities (for example through code of conducts), strengthening grievance redress and other monitoring mechanisms to ensure safe and ethical reporting systems to alert cases of GBV and VAC and assure them to access adequate response. 2.3.1. GBV Risk Mitigation and Response Measures The IPPs and the contractors shall interact with local communities and their representatives in a manner that maintains and promotes a good relationship. A Code of Conduct shall be prepared covering the main Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 0 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) rules of interaction with local communities and the rules of conduct in case of conflict situations. The Code of Conduct shall include prevention and strong sanctions on gender based violence (GBV), sexual abuse and exploitation of child labor in the workplace, especially related to project affected communities. All contractors shall participate in the project’s grievance mechanism, which will allow the affected communities to express concerns about the conduct of personnel and other issues. The grievance mechanism will include a mechanism for assessing the credibility of allegations, investigation of credible allegations of unlawful behavior, corrective actions and documentation and (where appropriate) reporting of such incidents. The grievance mechanism shall ensure safe, confidential, non-judgmental and ethical reporting systems on GBV, sexual abuse and child labor as well as service referral to survivors to alert cases of prevalence and assure them to access adequate response. The project ESMP is usually the foundation for the C-ESMP therefore, is a fundamental instrument for ensuring oversight and management of GBV risks. 2.3.2. Grievance Redressing Mechanism (GRM) for GBV Complaints To properly address GBV risks, the GRM needs to be in place prior to contractors mobilizing. As a requirement to WB standard, a “grievance mechanism, that will be proportionate to the risks and impacts of the project”. This is meant to apply to all aspects of the project. Any parallel GRMs operated by contractors and consultants should include processes to refer complaints to the project GRM so as to ensure that an accurate understanding of the project’s complaints is always available. For GBV complaints, there are risks of stigmatization, rejection and reprisals against survivors. This creates and reinforces a culture of silence so survivors may be reticent to approach the project directly. The GRM therefore needs to have multiple channels through which complaints can be registered in a safe and confidential manner. Specific GRM considerations for addressing GBV under the REGREP projects are: ▪ The GRM is usually operated by the IPPs, or the EEP on the IPP’s behalf. When there is potential GBV risk; consideration should be given to a separate GBV GRM system, potentially run by a GBV Services Provider—with feedback to the project GRM similar to that for parallel GRMs by contractors and consultants. ▪ The GRM operators are to be trained on how to collect GBV cases confidentially and empathetically (with no judgment). ▪ Complaint channels must be trusted by those who need to use them. Community consultations may be one mechanism to identify effective channels (e.g. local community organizations, health providers, etc.). ▪ Whenever possible, trusted community members, who potential GBV victims will have the confidence to approach, should be a part of the GRM process. Their role with respect to referral of GBV cases and explanation of the GRM benefits are essential. ▪ No identifiable information on the survivor should be stored in the GRM. ▪ The GRM should not ask for, or record, information on more than three aspects related to the GBV incident: a. The nature of the complaint (what the complainant says in her/his own words without direct questioning); b. If, to the best of their knowledge, the perpetrator was associated with the project; and, Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 1 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) c. If possible, the age and sex of the survivor. ▪ The GRM should assist GBV survivors by referring them to GBV Services Provider(s) for support immediately after receiving a complaint directly from a survivor. This will be possible because a list of service providers will already be available before REGREP project work commences as part of the mapping exercise. ▪ The information in the GRM must be confidential—especially when related to the identity of the complainant. For GBV, the GRM should primarily serve to: (i) refer complainants to the GBV Services Provider; and (ii) record resolution of the complaint. ▪ These mechanisms should protect confidentiality of individuals without compromising access to justice, while also enabling links to referral pathways and local organizations for support services. 2.4. Citizen Engagement and Grievance Redress Each IPP’s safeguard management process will include meaningful engagement with communities that may be impacted, as specified under PS 5, with a specific focus on creating forums for consulting local population and identifying project impacts and opportunities. Particular attention will be paid to aspects of labor influx, principles of equity and harmony with the community, as well as grievance redress mechanisms. Communities and individuals who could be adversely affected by a WB supported project would be able to submit complaints to existing project-level grievance redress mechanism (REGREP GRM) or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). Project affected communities and individuals would also be able submit their complaint to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel. These actions will form part of the broader support by the WB to the energy sector institutions for building their capacity related to citizen engagement and grievance redress. 2.5. Institutional and Administrative Frameworks 2.5.1. Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity is the regulatory body for the energy sector. Based on the delegation from EPA, the RPF document will be submitted to the Ministry for reviewing purpose, and then they will give their comments and recommendations and finally provide approval /certify the implementation of the project and monitoring the performance of the program will also be undertaken by the Ministry. 2.5.2. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) The rights and obligations of the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) reestablished under the existing Proclamation No. 295/2002 will be transferred to the newly Ministry of Environment and Forest in 29th July 2013 by Proclamation No 803/2013. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change has the following powers and duties: • Coordinate measures to ensure that the environment objectives provided under the constitution and the basic principles set out in the environmental policy of Ethiopia are realized • Establish a system for environmental impact assessment of public and private projects, as well as social and economic development policies, strategies, laws and programs; Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 2 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) • Prepare a mechanism that promotes social, economic and environmental justice and channel the major part of any benefit derived thereof to the affected communities to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases that would otherwise have resulted from deforestation and forest degradation; • coordinate actions on soliciting the resources required for building a climate resilient green economy in all sectors and at all governance levels as well as provide capacity building support and advisory services; • Establish a system for the evaluation of the environmental impact assessment of investment projects submitted by their respective proponents by the concerned sectoral licensing organ or the concerned regional organ prior to granting a permission for their implementation in accordance with the Environmental impact Assessment Proclamation • Take part in the negotiations of international environmental agreements and, as appropriate, initiate a process of their ratification; • Establish an environmental information system that promotes efficiency in environmental data collection, management and use; • Promote and provide non-formal environmental education program and cooperate with competent organs with a view to integrating environmental concerns in the regular educational curricula. 2.5.3. Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) The Council of Ministers Regulation No302/2013: EEP has defined its long term strategies so as to support the endeavors of the Federal Government of Ethiopia in promoting social and economic progress in all parts of the country. These purposes are generally focused on: • To undertake feasibility studies, design and survey of electricity generation, transmission and substation; to contract out such activities to consultant as required. • To undertake electricity generation, transmission and substation construction and upgrading; to contract out such works to contractors as required. • To handle electricity generation and transmission operational and maintenance activities. • To lease electricity transmission lines as required • To sell bulk electric power • To undertake universal electricity access works • In line with directives and policy guide lines issued by the ministry of finance and economic development, to sell and pledge bonds and to negotiate and sign loan agreements with loan local andinternationalfinancial source. • To undertake any other related activities necessary for attainment of its purpose. 2.5.4. Environmental Health, Safety and Quality (EHS&Q), Environmental and Social Office of EEP Environment and Social is one of the functional areas of EEP to address the major environmental and social issues in the power sector development. The team works to make the power generation and transmission construction environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. It works in line with the environmental proclamations, policies and international conventions enforcing EEP to comply. The major task of the Environment and Social Office is to conduct periodic monitoring in power projects and operational activities of EEP, Environmental and Social impact Assessment (ESIA), Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The team ensures whether or not the EEP power projects are complying with the approved environmental and social management plan and undertaking the appropriate mitigation measures accordingly. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 3 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 4 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 3. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 3.1.Program Framework 3.2.Program Components 3.2.1. Scaling Solar Projects Although, the scope of such projects in terms of capacity and land use is not defined yet in this RPF, the bidders are allowed to offer crystalline (mono or poly) or thin film PV modules (amorphous silicon, CdTe or CIS/CIGS), centralized or decentralized inverter solutions and fixed tilt or tracking systems (single- axis or dual-axis). However, it has to be noted that the power production technology isdefinedasconventionalphotovoltaicsand willthennotimplyanysortof solarconcentrationtechnology such as CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) or CPV (Concentrator Photovoltaics). A photovoltaic system is designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It entails arrangement of several components including solar panels which absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter which changes the electric current from DC to AC and other electric accessories like cable to set up a working system. Figure 3-1: Simple Photovoltaic System Mounting system PV modules are mounted on structures made of aluminum or hot-dip galvanized steel. All PV mounting structure will be of the same type. Conceptual fastening to the ground will be one of the three following propositions: • Founding on a small footing (depth approximately 1.0 m) with a cable anchor system. • Founding on the larger footings. • Founding by pre-drilled grouted piles (depth approximately 2.0 m) with cement grout. PV modules PV modules absorb the sun’s rays as a source of energy to generate electricity. Each PV module is rated Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 5 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) by its DC output under STC (Standard Test Conditions). The test conditions are defined as follows - irradiation: 1000 W/m², temperature: 25°C, AM: 1,5 (AM stands for Air Mass, the thickness of the atmosphere). The DC output under STC (rated in Watt Peak - Wp) typically ranges from approximately 100 Wp (thin film technology) to 350 Wp (monocrystalline technology) for utility-scale PV power plants. PV modules are connected in series (called “strings” of modules) in order to obtain the right input voltage of the inverter. Input and output DC cables (+/-) of the modules are pre-mounted with connectors so that the installation is made on a “plug-and-play” principle. Strings voltage can reach up to 1,500 VDC. Inverters Inverters convert the DC current produced by PV modules to grid-exploitable AC current (three-phase 400 V at utility frequency). They typically range from approximately 20 kVA (decentralized) up to 2,500 kVA (centralized inverters). Inverters are central components in the communication with the SCADA system, since they monitor the strings operation. PVinvertersalsohavespecialfunctionslikemaximumpowerpointtrackingoranti-islanding protection. Transformers Transformers will convert LV (400 V) from the inverters to MV (33 kV) for connection to the substation. Grid connection The connection and feed-in point to the utility national electrical grid will be located along the existing 400/230/132 kV single-circuit transmission line, approx. Substation Anewsubstationwillbe designed,constructed, testedandcommissionedbytheIPPinsidethe allocated land for the project. The substation will thereafter be owned and operated by EEP. The delivery point (ownership and operational boundary) will be the EEP isolator located between the facility’s MV/HV power transformer and the HV bus bar. The substation will be most probably located along the northern border of the site, as close as possible to the interconnection point. Transmission Line EEP will be responsible to construct a new double-circuit 230 kV transmission line to connect the PV power plant to the interconnection point. Interconnection to the existing line will be made by a loop- in/loop-out (LILO) arrangement. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system The SCADA system (or monitoring system) acquires data from the PV power plant and store it in a database. The system includes data logger acquiring parameters from several components of the plant like inverters, meters and meteorological sensors measuring temperature (ambient and on the back side of the PV modules), irradiation and wind speed. The SCADA system is a key tool for the Operation and Maintenance of the plant. It intends to maximize production of energy, improve the plant’s availability and consequently allows for early detection of equipment malfunction and failure. The following data will be monitored: • Voltage and current values at the input of the inverters. • Phase voltage, current, frequency and power factor at the output of the inverters. • Phase voltage, current, frequency and power factor at the different meters. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 6 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) • Energy produced. • Inverter status. • PV module and ambient temperature. • Irradiance. • Wind speed. • Other parameters. Given the size of the project and the land covered, and in order to obtain accurate data, several meteorological stations will be installed in different areas of the PV power plant. Infrastructure The project will include internal access roads to the different parts of the plant, fencing of the site as well as a CCTV system. Different light buildings will also be built like an operation and administration center, security posts, storage place for spare parts and different commodities for the O&M teams (toilets, break room, etc.). 3.2.2. Scaling Wind Project Wind power is a relatively mature technology. It competes with other energy sources in terms of price, environmental effects and usability. With the exception of hydro power, wind power is closer to commercial profitability than any of the other renewable sources, though improved project economy is a vital challenge for wind power (Reiche and Bechnerger, 2004). The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses, schools, and the like. Wind Turbine Types Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like the traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. Most large modern wind turbines are horizontal-axis turbines. Turbine Components Horizontal turbine components include: • blade or rotor, which converts the energy in the wind to rotational shaft energy; • a drive train, usually including a gearbox and a generator; • a tower that supports the rotor and drive train; and • Other equipment, including controls, electrical cables, ground support equipment, and interconnection equipment. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 7 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Figure 3-2: Typical Wind Turbine Components (Source: NREL) Wind turbines are often grouped together into a single wind power plant, also known as a wind farm, and generate bulk electrical power. Electricity from these turbines is fed into a utility grid and distributed to customers, just as with conventional power plants. Wind Turbine Size and Power Ratings Wind turbines are available in a variety of sizes, and therefore power ratings. The largest machine has blades that span more than the length of a football field, stands 20 building stories high, and produces enough electricity to power 1,400 homes. A small home-sized wind machine has rotors between 8 and 25 feet in diameter and stands upwards of 30 feet and can supply the power needs of an all-electric home or small business. Utility-scale turbines range in size from 50 to 750 kilowatts. Single small turbines, below 50 kilowatts, are used for homes, telecommunications dishes, or water pumping. Construction Sequence Various infrastructures/facilities will be carried out during construction phase. Some of theseinclude,access roads; foundations (Tower Pier Foundation with Spread footer); Electrical Collector System; Wind Turbine Generator – Tower – Setting the generator – Rotor assembly (about 80-meter turbine tower is composed of four cylindrical steel sections); The four tower sections are typically unloaded adjacent to each wind turbine foundation to minimize handling of these heavy steel components. Each tower section weighs between 35 and 50 tons. The lower tower section is set first. A flange on the bottom of this 15’ diameter section allows it to be bolted to the top of the foundation pedestal. These activities will entail the acquisition of land to their development. The following pictures are depicted the typical activities of installation of wind power. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 8 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Typical Tower erection Typical Collector Substation Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 9 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 4. DESCRIPTION OF BROADER SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BASELINE CONDITIONS The Socio-economic baseline conditions are described hereunder on the basis of the fact that th e locations of REGREP projects will be distributed all over Ethiopia. The country is composed of nine Regional States and two City Administrations under the Federal Administration. With an estimated population of over 99 million (World Bank, 2016), Ethiopia is the second populated Sub Sahara African country next to Nigeria. The majority of the population in the country resides in rural areas. The belowsectionswill deal with country’s overview on social and economic issues at national level; and in later sections on the regional and city administrations levels. 4.1. Social and Economic Context Ethiopia’s remarkable growth history in the past decade has resulted in substantial progress in economic, social, and human development. Growth averaged nearly 11 percent per year since 2004, making Ethiopia one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and the fastest growing in the region. The Government of Ethiopia (GoE) has set a long-term goal for Ethiopia to become a middle-income country by 2025. The last 15 years of robust growth was driven by large-scale public investment in infrastructure and energy, which was made possible by favorable commodity prices and international debt-relief efforts in the mid- 2000s. In addition, public investments in basic service provision, such as education and health, have contributed to poverty reduction, as did the introduction of rural safety nets. Extreme poverty3 fell from 55.5 percent in 2000 to 26.7 percent in 2016, which is one of the most impressive poverty reduction results recorded internationally (within Sub-Saharan Africa, only Uganda reduced poverty faster). Low levels of inequality have largely been maintained. With a few exceptions, Ethiopia attained the Millennium Development Goals in 2015: the primary enrollment rate quadrupled, the child mortality rate halved, and the number of people with access to clean water more than doubled. Average life expectancy has increased by about one year annually since 2000 and is now higher than the averages for both Sub- Saharan Africa and low-income countries worldwide. Even then, Ethiopia remains the 15th poorest country in the world. The agricultural sector plays a central role in the economic and social life of the nation and is a cornerstone of the economy. The majority of the Country’s population is principally engaged in agricultural activities (farming and livestock rearing) in rural areas. Most of the population in urban areas generates their income in small-scale trade and businesses, in informal sectors, such as selling of food and local drinks, marketing of agricultural produces, employed in public and private enterprises,etc. 4.2. Socio -cultural Background Different cultural practices are exercised in the country and could influence the socio-economic development of the society in either a positive or negative way.Religion is an important social activity that plays a crucial role in the life of a given community /society. Religion in Ethiopia consists of a number of faiths. Among these mainly Abrahamic religions, the most numerous is Christianity (Ethiopian 3 Extreme poverty in measured as consuming less than US$1.90 (2011 Purchasing Power Parity) a day. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 10 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Orthodoxy, Protestant, Catholic) totaling at 62.8%, followed by Islam at 33.9% . Additionally, there are a few followers of traditional faiths, who mainly reside in the southwestern part of the country. According to the national census conducted in 2007, over 32 million people or 43.5% were reported to be Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, over 25 million or 33.9% were reported to be Muslim, 13,7 million, or 18.6%, were Protestants, and just under two million or 2.6% adhered to traditional beliefs. Ethnically, the country has different ethnic groups that are estimated to number over 80. The ethnic groups include: the Oromo, Amhara, Sidama, Wolayita, Somali, Gurage, Kembata, Hadiya, Tigraway and Afar. The Oromo and Amhara are estimated to comprise more than 50% of the country’s total population. Language-wise, Amharic is the most widely spoken language, followed by Oromiffa. Amharic, which has its own script, is the working language of the Federal Government. Similar to the number of ethnic groups, the number of languages is estimated to number over 80. 4.3. Land Use In Ethiopia, most of the people reside in rural and about 85% of the population is dependent on land- based economic activities, predominantly on agriculture. The different land use patterns of the country include land for agriculture use, mainly for farming (cereal and cash crops). Cereal crops are the major form of crop farming and occupy the largest proportion of agricultural land. Agriculture takes the largest share and this is a manifestation of the fact that the sector is dominant in the country’s economic sphere. Agricultural land is highly fragmented and the landholding size for farm households on an average is less than 2.5 hectares. Grazing land also occupies a large proportion, mostly in pastoral areas. Forest areas occupy less than 4 % of the country’s land area. Industrial areas and settlements (urban and suburban areas) occupy a very small proportion of the country’s land area. In urban areas, land is mainly used for the construction of different types of buildings for private and public services. The proposed REGREPthrough scaling solar and wind energy development envisaged to create improved accessibility of electricity for various land use practices and enhances development activities. Furthermore, reliable electric supply also enhances the performance of the existing land use pattern. Due to expansion of electricity, new and improved technologies, such as improved irrigation pumping, improved poultry farming, modern means of animal husbandry, preservation of products, etc. can be introduced, which will improve or promote agricultural production and productivity. 4.4. Economic Activities Economic activity involves the production of goods and/or services for sale or exchange and production of certain products for consumption and sale. The economic activities undertaken in rural areas of Ethiopia are mainly farming and livestock rearing. As agriculture is the main livelihood for the majority of the country’s population, people in the rural areas are involved in this sector. Agricultural activities mainly include farming and cattle rearing which is termed as mixed-farming. This activity is widely practiced in the middle and highland areas of the country. In the lowland areas, on the other hand, rearing of cattle is the major form of livelihood for the pastoralists. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 11 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) In agriculture, the farming of cereal crops, such as Teff, maize, sorghum, millet, wheat and barley, accounts for the major share of output. The second largest agricultural outputs are cash crops, such as coffee, Chat, and different types of fruits. Urban inhabitants are mainly engaged in various types of small trade and business and employed in public and private enterprises. In some cases, especially, people living in the periphery of towns/cities supplement their income by animal rearing, dairy farm, vegetable farming and growing of trees. 4.5. Housing Condition Housing condition (standard and quality) is one of the manifestations that shows the economic growth of a country, since it has a direct relationship to the economic development and wealth of a nation. Ethiopia’s growing population and rapid rate of urbanization has been exerting substantial pressure on housing. The challenges for lower income households to acquire their own home are twofold: lack of affordable, good quality housing stock and the difficulty of obtaining housing finance. During the past decades, there have been efforts by the government to provide housing for the people in urban areas. The Government had launched an Integrated Housing Programs, which are highly subsidized to enhance private ownership of houses and to create job opportunities that contributed for the improvement of the aesthetic beauty of urban areas. The condition of houses in rural Ethiopia is at a very low or poor standard. The type and quality of construction materials that has been used for the construction of houses vary from place to place depending on the availability of construction materials, on the climatic condition of the area, plot size, approved design, etc. In rural areas, most houses are constructed from wood and mud and covered with thatched /grass roof. 4.6. Physical Infrastructure and Social Services Electricity:Ethiopia has vast and largely unharnessed clean energy resources. Today, Ethiopia is one of the few countries in the world which generates almost all its electricity from renewable resources. The available generation capacity, mostly based on hydropower, has reached about 4,250 MW (currently, the second highest available generation capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa). Furthermore, Ethiopia is endowed with significant unharnessed potential for further expansion of renewable energy supply— including solar power (5.5 kW/m2/day), 30,000 MW of hydropower, 10,000 MW of geothermal power, and 5,000 MW of wind power. Investments to exploit these resources and transition to a more diversified mix of renewable energy resources are in line with Ethiopia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement, one of the few NDCs worldwide that is considered compatible with less than 2°C warming. Based on these planned additions to generation capacity, including that provided by solar, wind, and geothermal sources, Ethiopia is expected to have over 9,000 MW of installed capacity by 2020, which would provide sufficient energy (over 25,000 GWh) to supply the expected demand. Road infrastructure:in Ethiopia, road infrastructure was improved during the past years. In 2009/2010 Ethiopia had a total length of 48,800 kms of road which was raised to 110, 414 kmsat the end of 2015 (the completion of Ethiopia Growth and Transformation Plan-GTP I). In this respect, the overall road length of the country become intensifiedduring this period with improvements on the accessibility to all weather roads (National Planning Commission, 2016). With such an achievement, among others, nearly 76% of rural Kebeles of the country have got all weather roads. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 12 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Telecommunications: various efforts have been made by the government of Ethiopia to improve the telecommunication infrastructure and services of the country with increased quality and coverage. The number of customers rose from nearly 7.7 million in 2009/2010 to 38.8 million in 2014/2015; while the clients for mobile telephone grew from 6.7 million to 38.8 million in the same period. Similarly, during the specified period, beneficiaries of telecommunication services in rural Kebeles within 5 kms radius reached 97% in 2014/2015 as compared to 62.1% in 2009/2010(National Planning Commission, 2016). Water supply:in 2014/2015, the coverage of potable water supply in rural areas was 82%, while 91%in urban areaswith average country coverage of potable water supply of 84%. According to the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016, sources of potable water supply in urban areas of the country and rural areas reached 97.3% and 56.5% respectively from improved sources of water; the largest being piped into dwelling/yard/plot yard (CSA, Oct. 2016). Education: in 2014/2015, the participation rate of education before regular education, primary school and secondary levels reached 39%, 96.9%, 40.5% respectively. Various efforts had also been conducted to improve the quality of education of the country. In this regard, trained teachers for primary education (1-8 grades) and secondary education (9-12) reached 71.37% and 87.3% respectively. Besides, the Government had made extensive efforts to improve and expand Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) and higher education systems. Health services: within GTP I (2010/11–2014/15), a number of health posts and health centers had been established as per the standard set. The health coverage in 2014/15 in Ethiopia reached 98% and the family planning service users reached 42% as compared to 15% in 2009/2010 (National Planning Commission, 2016). This has implications for the improvement of children and mothers health and overall reduction in the levels of mortality. 4.7. Description of Social Baseline Conditions 4.7.1. Afar National Regional State a) Population, Religion and Ethnic Groups The population of Afar region was estimated at 1,559,001 in year 2011, with 873,041 males and 685,960 females. The majority of the population (86.6%) resided in rural areas and the remaining 13.4% in urban areas. The regional population growth rate in the same year was estimated at 4.11% in urban areas, and 2.23% in rural areas. The population density is 21.6 persons/square kilometre on an average. The major ethnic groups of the regional state include Afar, Amhara, Tigray and others. The dominant occupation in the Region is pastoralism. Over 90% of the population is pastoralist community. Afar Region is one of the pastoral areas in Ethiopia, where extensive herding is practiced. On the other hand, as per the estimations made by the CSA, for the year 2016 (July), the total population was estimated to be 1,769,002 with a male population of 969,001 and female population of 800,001. In the same period, the rural population the urban population was estimated to be comprised 81.5% and 18.5% respectively. b) Cultural Heritage and Tourism Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 13 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Afar region is rich in cultural assets. The archaeological findings from the Region have revealed that it is one of the cradles of mankind. The hominid relic of the world renown, “Lucy”, was found in Hadar area of the Region. This site is considered as an attraction area for scientific research to decipher or figure out man’s origin. The research sites such as Hadar and the middle Awash, that consist fossil and handicraft remains of human ancestors, are attractive destinations for tourists all over the world. There are potential for tourist attraction in the area, including paleo anthropologic and wildlife resources as well as the Afar traditional way of life. Ertele and the Afar depression are sites of scientific research both of natural science as well as human civilization. The YangudiRassa National park, the Awash National Park hosts number of wildlife species for tourism and biodiversity conservation. The economic benefits from such tourism also termed as ‘paleotourism” has not yet developed. But it could be known that eleven new sites have been identified to be considered for research and eventually for “paleotourism’. c) Land use / Land cover As of 1999, the major portion of the land in the region is bare land (70.09% of the Region’s area) followed by shrub land (13.68% of the Region’s area). d) Water Resources There are number of rivers in the region including: Awash, Mille, Kessem, Kebena, Awura, Gulina, Dawie, Borkena, Telalk, Woama, Alaa and other streams. The other major water sources of the region are Lakes. There are twelve relatively large lakes and five ponds in the region. Two of the largest lakes are Afdera Lake and Abe Lake which are found in zone 1 and 2 of the Region. The smaller ones include Lake Asahle, Lake Dalol, and Lake Gemeri. Groundwater is also the major source for potable water supply in the region. 4.7.2. Tigray National Regional State a) Population, Ethnicity and Religious Groups According to the Statistical Abstract of CSA, 2011, the total population of Tigray Administrative Region was 4,862,998, out of which 2,363,000 are male and 2,439,998 are female, with an annual growth rate of 3% in urban areas. The density in Tigray Region in this time was 116 persons /square kilometre. There are a number of ethnic groups that inhabit the Region. Tigray being the major ethnic group, there are also Kunama, Saho, Agew, Argoba and others in smaller proportions. According to the population estimates of the CSA, for July 2016, the total population of Tigray was 5,151,998 out of which 2,539,997 were estimated to be male while the remaining 2,612,001 were female. In terms of this estimate, 74.2% were rural inhabitants while the balance, i.e. 25.8% was urban inhabitants. b) Cultural and Historical Heritage Tigray has rich cultural and historical resources and high potential for the tourism industry. In Tigray Region, the colossal obelisks, rock-hewn churches, ruined temples, palaces, mosques, church paintings, Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 14 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) stone inscription and manuscripts are some of the ancient Ethiopian properties that have tourist attraction values. The Axum Obelisks, the rock-hewn churches are the major tourist attractions of the Region. c) Water Resources There are three major river basins and a valley in the Tigray Region: Tekeze basin, Mereb basin, Afar basin and Angereb valley. Some of the surface water sources comprise Tekeze River, Sure River, Mai Tell River and Mai Hitsatsa River. Groundwater source is abundant and is the major water supply source in the area. 4.7.3. Amhara National Regional State a) Population, Ethnic and Religious Group According to the Statistical Abstract of CSA, 2011, the total population of the Amhara Region was 18,528,997, in that 9,292,994 were male and 9,236,003were female. Out of this, only 10.98% were urban residents while the remaining constituted rural population. The population density of the region during this period was 119.8 persons/ square kilometre. As per the population estimates of the CSA, in July 2016 the Region’s total population was estimated to be 20,769,985, which constituted 10,401,995 males and 10,367,990 females. In the same estimation, the rural population was estimated to be 83.2% whereas the urban population constituted 16.8%. b) Socio-Cultural and Historical Heritage The Amhara Region is rich in cultural and historical heritages. Very old Monasteries, rock-hewn churches, palaces and castles are found in the region. The Lalibella Rock-hewn Churches, the Gondar Castle that are registered as International Cultural Heritage sites are found in this Region. There are several monasteries in Lake Tana Islands, which is also the origin of Blue Nile (Abay) River. The Blue Nile Falls is found just few kilometres downstream of the Regional Capital, Bahir Dar, which is a tourist attraction site. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 15 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) c) Land Use/ Land Cover As of 2002, the Region is largely covered by grazing land, which is followed by cultivable land having 30% and 28.2% respectively of all the area coverage of the region during the time. d) Water Resources There is an abundant water resource in the Region. The major water resource basins in the region are the Abay River /Blue Nile/, Tekeze River and Awash River basins. There are also several lakes like Lake Tana, Lake Zengena and Haik. Ground water resource is abundant and it is the major water supply source in the region. 4.7.4. The Oromia National Regional State a) Population, Ethnic and Religious Group According to the Statistical Abstract of CSA, 2011, the total population of Oromia Region was estimated to be 30,397,990 (15,309,996 were male and 15,087,994 were female).Ethnic group residing in the region is also varied, the majority being Oromo, followed by Amhara, and several other ethnic groups. The density of the population is 106.8 persons / square kilometre. For the year July 2016, the CSA estimated the total population of Oromia Region as 34,575,008 that comprised of 17,345,004 male and 17,230,004 female. In this estimation, the urban population and the rural population constituted 85.2% and 14.8% respectively. b) Archaeological and Cultural Heritages The SofOumar Cave, the Aba Jiffar palace, etc are found in the Oromia National Regional State as sites of cultural heritage. The Sof-Omar caves in central Bale, with their galleries of polished white cone and chamber of columns are the incredible natural phenomena of great interest and beauty. The palace of Aba Jifar in Jimma is another historical attraction. In general, Oromia National Regional State is rich in tourist attraction resources that could be categorized in to the following major categories- ▪ Natural forests with wide range of wild plant species; ▪ Wild animals and birds of various species including endemics; ▪ Several rivers with their multiple spectacular waterfalls; ▪ Rift valley lakes and highland crater lakes; ▪ Magnificent landscape scenery (mountain chains, river gorges; ▪ Diversified local cultures with their distinct ethnography, art, traditional practices; ▪ Historical heritages; and, ▪ Natural wonders of unique forms. e) Water Resource of the Region There is an abundant water resource including surface and ground sources. Oromia possess three major drainage systems or river basins: Rivers that drain to the Blue Nile (Abay) and the Mediterranean Sea, Rivers that drain to the Indian Ocean and the Rift Valley Closed drainage system. Major rivers in the country like Blue Nile (Abay), Jemma, Muger, Guder and Anger Didessa, Awash, Gibe, WabeShebele, Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 16 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Dawa, Genale, Weyb, Dabuss, traverse the Oromia Region. Most of the rift valley lakes in Ethiopia, like Lake Langano, Zeway, Abiyata, and Shalla are found in Oromia. The wetland ecosystem of these water bodies has significant environmental and socioeconomic values. 4.7.5. BenishangulGumuz National Regional State a) Population, Ethnic and Religious Group According to the Statistical Abstract of CSA, 2011, the total population of BenishangulGumuz was 938,996 (476,999 male and 461,997 female). The annual population growth was about 3.1%. In the same year, the urban population was only 8.5% while the remaining was rural. The density of the population in the Region is 18.5 persons/square kilometre. There are a number of ethnic groups that inhabit the BenishangulGumuz Region. The major ethnic groups are Berta (26.7%), Gumuz (23.4%), Shinasha (6.9%), Amhara (22.2%), Mao (0.8%) and Oromo (12.8%). The major religious groups are Orthodox Christianity (34.8%), Traditional Religion (13.1%), Protestants (5.9%) and Islam (44%). On the other hand, the number of population estimated for July 2016 by the CSA was 1,033,999 i.e. 524,000 male and 509,999 female. As per this estimation, the rural population constituted 79.2% while the remaining 20.8% was estimated to be urban population. b) Land use/Land cover of the Region As of 2002, Woodland and scrublands have the two largest shares of land use with 49% and 28% respectively. c) Water Resources The region has high water resource potential. Abay/Blue Nile, Didessa and Beles Rivers are among the major water sources in the region. There are over 32 perennial rivers in the Metekel Zone, most of which have potential for irrigation. 4.7.6. Gambela National Regional State a) Population and Ethnic Group According to the Statistical Abstract of CSA, 2011, the population of the Region was 368,999 (191,996 male and 177,003 female). Of the total population, 17% lived in urban areas while the remaining 83% are rural residents during this time. Linguistically the population comprises mainly of Omotic, Cushitic and Nilo-Saharan, although Semetic origin also exists. The major ethnic groups are Agnuaq, Nuere, Megengir, Coma and Oppo. The population density of the region in 2011 was about 12.4 per square kilometre. According to the population estimates made by the CSA, as of July 2016, the Region’s total population was estimated to be 422,002 having 220,000 males and 202,002 females. The rural population as per this estimated constituted 66.8% and the urban population constituted 33.2%. b) Land Use and Land Cover The major settlement area is the riverbanks for both urban and rural communities. Due to this situation, the population is frequently affected by flood calamities. As of 2000, the two major land uses were open Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 17 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) wood land and disturbed forest with a percentage share of 41% and 20.87% respectively. c) Wetlands and Water Resources Gambela Region is the wettest and best watered area in the country. There are five major rivers, namely, Baro, Akobo, Itang, Gillo and Alwero Rivers that are also trans-boundary. There are also several lakes and ponds in the Region such as, lakes Tata, Wagan and Nitang which are cut-off lakes, so called because they have been formed when bends, branches and arms of the main river have been cut-off by sediments or changes in the direction of the main river channels. These water sources feed the Gambela flood plain, which is the largest low laying wetland in the Baro - Akobo River Basin. Both migratory and residential birds inhabit the wetland and are one of the tourist attraction sites in the area. The flood plain of the two rivers, Gillo and Akobo form important wetland ecosystems. Wetlands support a wide range of biotical, hydrological, and physical processes which result in ecosystem function and the provision of valuable goods and services. 4.7.7. Ethiopian Somali National Regional State a) Population and Ethnic Group According to the Statistical Abstract of CSA, July 2011, the total population of Somali National Regional State is 4,986,004, out of which, 2,773,001 are male and 2,213,003 are female. The Somali Regional State is divided into nine administrative zones, 53 Woredas and 67 urban centres. Majority of the population are pastoralists and the social organization of the Somalis is based on clanship. Over 86% of the population is rural. The region is sparsely populated with an average density of 12 persons per km2. The total population estimates of the Region conducted by the CSA for the year July 2016 was 5,598,002 i.e. 3,023,000 males and 2,575,002 females respectively. The rural population of the Region in the same year constituted about 85.5% while the urban population comprised about 14.5%. Somali and Issa are the majority ethnic group, while Oromo, Amhara and Gurage are also found in the urban areas. The settlement pattern of the Somalis is characterized as group and temporary. In areas suitable for agriculture, Somalis settle permanently. The seasonal availability of water and pasture as well as the rapid exhaustion of the pasture owing to overgrazing often causes mobility of the pastoralist population. b) Societal Aspects The social organization of the Somali society has a pyramidal structure formed by lineage segmentation levels. The segment levels are known as: Reer, Jilib, Qabil and clan families or group. Each lineage segment constitutes a separate social and political unit having definite members with a territory under it (SNRS, conservation strategy, 1999, cited in EEPCo, 2011). The Somali are predominantly pastoralists and their settlement pattern and their life style is influenced by the same mode of occupation. They are mobile in settlement, which is mainly guided by the need of their cattle herds. As a result, a densely populated area at one season can be easily deserted at other times. The Somali have divided themselves into two major lineages of Sab and Somali. The former constitutes Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 18 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) hunters, gatherers, and agriculturists. Among the pastoralists, mostly wealth is not held by individuals but by families. Water and pasture is commonly owned. Agriculture plots are held by families. Craft heritages produced by the low cast Sab are generally made for own use, few are sold to tourists. Since the Somali nomadic pastoralists have been isolated from the central highlands, there has been much lesser degree of acculturation. Moreover, there is lower degree of economic integration, transportation and communication. Division of labour among the Somali is based on gender differentiation. Women are exclusively responsible for job like building nomadic huts, preparing food, collecting firewood, fetching water, milking cows and small ruminants etc. While males are culturally assigned to perform out – door tasks like herding, watering, farming and mediating. The economic base of the region is dominated by pastoralist society. Livestock is the major economic earning for the Somali population. The rural population earns 40% of their income from livestock, 26% from crop production, 14.4% from trade and 7.4% from gifts availed from others (IPS, July 2000, cited in EEPCO, 2011). c) Land use / Land cover In 1999, Grassland and scrubland are the two types of land use with land coverage of 56.8% and 22.2% of the Region’s total area. d) Water Resources The region is divided into four basins: the eastern Ogaden basin, the WabeShebele basin, the GenaleDawa basin and part of the Awash River basin. The area receives a bi-modal rain fall: March - May and September - November. Most of the streams in the region are ephemeral and are characterized by short duration and high intensity of flood. However, perennial rivers like WabeShebele, Weyb, Genale and Dawa are also available in the region. 4.7.8. The Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State a) Population and Ethnic Groups According to the Statistical Abstract of CSA, 2011, the population of the regional state is 16,848,011 (male accounts for 8,385,003 and female 8,463,008), accounting for 18.5% of the total population of Ethiopia. The majority of the population (Over 87%) lives in rural areas while the remaining 13% are urban residents. As per the population estimates of the CSA made for the Region for July 2016, the total population was estimated to be 18,719,008 with 9,278,004 male and 9,441,004 female. The percentage of population lived in rural areas in the same year was 83.9% whereas the remaining 16.1% lived in urban areas. The population density in the Region is 159.1 persons per square kilometre. The region is known for its diverse ethnic composition. There are about 45 ethnic groups residing in the Region, constituting over 50% of the total ethnic groups of Ethiopia. Most of the populations living in the rural areas of the Region are mainly dependent on agriculture and pastoralist economy, while trade and other businesses are the principal practices in the urban areas. b) Water Resources Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 19 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) There are abundant water resources both from surface and sub surface sources. Surface water resource of the Region include rivers like Omo River, Dincha, Gojeb, Segen Gibe River, Bilate River, Awash River, While Rift valley lakes like Hawassa Lake, Chamo Lake and Abaya Lake are also found in the region. 4.7.9. The Harari National Regional State a) Population and Population Characteristics According to the projection done in medium variant, the total population of Harari Regional State in 2011 was 203,438, out of which, 102,369 are male and the rest 101,069 are female. The size of urban dwellers is 107,592 and the rest 95,846 are rural population. The growth rate according to the CSA report was 2.06 percent. With an estimated area of 311.25 square kilometres, the region had an estimated density of 589.05 people per square kilometre during the same period. The ethnic groups in the region include the Oromo, Amhara, Harari, Gurage, Somali, Tigray and Argoba that constituted 56.41%, 22.77%, 8.65%, 4.34%, 3.87%, 1.53%, and 1.26% respectively. The religion with the most believers in the region during the same period were Muslim with 69.99%, Ethiopian Orthodox 27.1%, Protestants 3.4 %, Catholic 0.3% and others 0.2 %. The Harari language is the official language of the Region. According to the population estimates made by the CSA, in July 2016, the Region had an estimated total population of about 240,000 in that males and females constituted 121,000 and 119,000 respectively. The rural population in the same period constituted about 44.5% while the urban population comprised of 53.5%. b) Tourist Attraction Sites The tourist attraction sites in the region are: ▪ The Jugal Wall, ▪ The narrow streets inside Jugal, ▪ The Hyena feeding, ▪ Harla Village, ▪ Abadir Cave, and ▪ Traditional worshipping places. Some of the museums in the region are: ▪ Arthur Rimbaud, ▪ Harari Cultural Centre, ▪ Sheriff Harar City museum, and, ▪ Harar National Museum. 4.7.10. Dire Dawa Administrative Council Dire Dawa Administrative Council is located between 9o 27’ N and 9o49’ N latitude and 41o38’E and 42o 19’E longitude. East Hararge Administrative Zone of Oromia National Regional State borders it in the south and southeast and Shinele Zone of Somali National Regional State in the north, east and west. The total area of the city adminisatration is about 128,802 ha; out of this urban accounts for 2684 ha (2%) and the balance 98% is for rural (Dire Dawa Administration, July 2006). Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 20 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) a) Population, Ethnicity and Religion According to population projection of the CSA, Dire Dawa Administrative Council was estimated to be 453,000 populations for the year 2016 having 227,000 male and 226,000 female (CSA, August 2013). In the same period, the urban population of the Administrative Council has been estimated to constitute 62.91% while the remaining 37.1% constituted rural population. According to the 2007 census result, the major ethnic groups of the residents of Dire Dawa administrative council were found to be 45.9% Oromo, 20.2% Amhara, 24.3% Somali, 4.5%, 1.2% Tigray and 3.9% others. Amharic is the official language of the administrative council. From the same census, the religious composition of the population of Dire Dawa administrative council indicates that 70.8% were Muslims, 25.7% Orthodox Christians, 2.8% Protestants, 0.4% Catholics, and 0.3% followers of other religious groups (CSA, 2007). b) Tourist attraction sites The city of Dire Dawa has been considered as one of the tourist attraction sites of the country. Besides, to its natural and urban character, the city and its surroundings have several tourist attraction sites as discussed in the following paragraphs (Ministry of Federal Affairs, February 2004). i). Natural Sites • Dangago landscape scenery, and the fauna and flora of the woodlands located in Geldessa, GerbaAneneo and ChirmiteeKebele Peasant Associations are the potentials of eco-tourism. • Hot Springs: the existence of a hot spring at GerbaAneno Peasant Association in a stream locally known as Hartu is another potential that serves as healing and resorting (WWDSE, 2003, cited in Ministry of Federal Affairs, February 2004). ii) Archaeological Sites According to the study made by the Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise (2003, cited in Ministry of Federal Affairs, February 2004), the Administrative Council of Dire Dawa has the following two caves with stalactite and stalagmite formations and prehistoric paintings that are situated in the south of the city: • Laga-Odaancient caves are located some 38km away from the center of Dire Dawa in the Gunin Feta Peasant Association to the southwest. It consists of prehistoric paintings of human beings and animals. There are also written records on the walls of these caves and, • HinkuftuCave is located in the proximity of the city at an area called Addis Ketema. iii). Historical Sites • Africans Graveyard- constructed in memory of members of the British Air Force and African soldiers, who sacrificed their lives against the Italian invasion is located close to the center of the city in Keftegna 1, Kebele 05. • Italian Mosque, built by the Italians during the Italian invasion, located at the foothill of GandaGara (Legehare) is also considered as a historical and religious heritage. • Ancient Catholic Church- that was built 125 years ago is located at BiyoAwaleKebele Peasant Association some 20km from the city of Dire Dawa to the southeast. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 21 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) • Ancient Railway Station offering significant economic advantage for the city and the country at large has been viewed as an important tourist site. • KefiraOpen Market- located in the south of the city is viewed as a traditional market place that accommodates a wide variety of goods. • Camel Market- located at Keftegna 3, Kebele 13 is fascinating and colorful as Kefira Open Market. • Italian Fort- located on top of GendaGara Hill, is considered as one of the historical sites of the city. Besides to its importance as historical site, it has been serving as an ideal site for viewing the panoramic view of Dire Dawa. • Abeyaziz Mosque- located in Hulul Mojo Peasant Association, some 25km away from the city, is believed to have over 500 years. iv). Ethno-Tourism Dire Dawa city is inhabited by people of diverse ethnic groups such as, Oromo,Amhara, Somali, Harari, Tigray, Gurage, etc. who are living in harmony with each other. This has brought the co-existence of different cultures of these nations and nationalities, which is also one of the centers of attraction for tourists. c) Land Use The land use systems of the Administrative Council can be classified on the basis of agro-ecological conditions- crop, livestock and tree production components and socio-cultural and economic characteristics. The cereal farming system occurs in the valley areas whereas the agro-pastoral systems occur in the foothills of the mountains particularly in the southeastern part Water Works Design and Supervision enterprise, 2003, cited in Ministry of Federal Affairs, February 2004). According to the information obtained from the Agricultural Bureau of the Administrative Council, cultivated land, grazing/pasture land, forest and marginal land covers about 11500, 47000, 29000 and 58000 hectares respectively (Water Works Design and Supervision enterprise, 2003, cited in Ministry of Federal Affairs, February 2004). 4.7.11. Addis Ababa City Administration a) Population, Ethnicity and Religion As per the CSA, 2007, Addis Ababa city had a male population of 1,434,164 and female population of 1,305,387 with a total of 2,739,581 populations. As capital of the country, Addis Ababa is a city where, despite differences in number, almost all-ethnic groups live in. Regarding religion, according to the 2007 census, 74.7% of the populations are Orthodox Christians, 16.2% Muslims, 7.8% Protestants, 0.5% Catholics, and 0.8% followers of other religions (CSA, 2007). b) Heritage and related issues Addis Ababa City Administration has various tourist attraction sites. These include 270 historical places, 246 heritage sites, 22 museums, 35 galleries and 90 libraries (Addis Ababa City Administration, no date). Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 22 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 5. PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS FOR RPF PREPARATION Public and stakeholder consultations with relevant institutions, beneficiaries, and affected people are important and critical in the planning process and preparation of an effective proposal for the implementation of the proposed program components, including resettlement operations. The most important step is to hold stakeholder consultations with relevant institutions, local communities and all other interested and affected parties for planning and screening processes as well as further social impact assessments. This would help to identify key issues and determine how the concerns of all parties will be addressed. The consultation process conducted for the purpose of preparing this RPF hasattained the involvement of all the stakeholders for each stage of projects planning and implementation (Annex 3- photos of consultation participants during this RPF preparation). The Independent Power Producers (IPPs) will be responsible for ensuring participation of the community at projects implementation level. 5.1. Objectives of the Public Consultations The consultation process provides a framework for achieving effective stakeholder involvement and promoting greater awareness and understanding of issues so that the projectsare carried out effectively within budget and on-time to the satisfaction of all concerned parties. The main objectives of the consultations are to: ▪ Gather the views of stakeholders on the program components and record targeted stakeholders’ awareness, attitudes and opinions towards REGREP; ▪ Provide information to all stakeholders of the proposed projects and associated activities; probable impacts, and possible mitigation and enhancement measures; ▪ Accommodate the stakeholders' concerns during the project implementation processes; ▪ Establish the social implications of the project on the different stakeholders; ▪ Maintain the rights of stakeholders in respect topolicies and practices that affecttheir livelihoods, as per requirements of the national legal frameworks and the World Bank Performance Standardsand; ▪ To acquire knowledge and information to further shape the program/ projects. 5.2. Principles of Consultation In order to ensure effective implementation, consultation shall be committed to the following principles: ▪ Ensure meaningful informed consultations; ▪ Provide for inclusive consultation ( to include all PAPs, stakeholders, gender, vulnerable groups, ethnic minorities/underserved groups, youth, etc.) and ensure effective stakeholder involvement; ▪ Promoting openness and communication; ▪ Consultations need to be a two way dialogue with providing information and eliciting feedback and responding to issues raised; ▪ All information needs to be documented in the instruments. ▪ Evaluate the effectiveness of the engagement plan in accordance with the expected outcomes. ▪ During the preparation of this RPF, different stakeholders were consulted, including beneficiaries, PAPs, government officials and experts from different bureaus in Somali, Afar, Oromiya, Tigray, and Amhara Regional States and respective Zones and Woredas and Dire Dawa City Administration. The consultation process was pertinent to gather their views on the implementation of the proposed REGREP and associated benefits and impacts. The consultations were having a round table and one-to-one discussion arrangements. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 23 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) The various meetings that were held with stakeholders and project beneficiaries have provided information on the prevailing program implementation challenges, capacity needs, and potential impacts and respective mitigation measures to be attributed with the proposed Solar and Wind Energy Development Program components. Public consultation in each visited site was conducted with the objective of orienting REGREP to the communities and understanding their views and opinions towards the proposed program and its components. Besides, during the consultation, communities were discussed about the potential positive and adverse environmental and social impacts and proposed mitigation measures; thus, to work accordingly as to the defined procedures at the time of projects implementation. All consultation participants were encouraged and allowed to reflect on and give their views regarding the program and its activities and encouraged to give their opinions whether or not the REGREP activities would address their pressing needs. All IPPs who will be engaged in the implementation of projects under this program are required to consult project affected groups about the project’s environmental and social aspects and take their views into account. The consultation should be initiated as early as possible and throughout project implementation. 5.3. Public Consultation Plan For the successful identification and assessment of project specific environmental and social impacts, implementation and monitoring of the respective mitigation or enhancement measures and a continuous consultative process is required. EEP has the responsibility to ensure sound stakeholders consultation shall be conducted by IPPs with all relevant parties to achieve the program objectives that benefit the beneficiaries and other stakeholders. Through consultations, all parties, IPPs, EEP will create a bridge of communication between the Public, Private sector and the Government, which will improve the efficiency and transparency for the execution of the projects. This public consultation plan (PCP) forms part of the ESMP that will be prepared by IPPs and is the same for projects under the program. 5.4. Objectives of the Public Consultation Plan This plan provides a framework for achieving effective stakeholder involvement and promoting greater awareness and understanding of issues so that the project is carried out effectively within budget and on- time to the satisfaction of all concerned parties. The objectives of the public consultations are to provide EEP, MoWIE, and IPPs with: • Status of implementation of the identified measures; • A sense of the concerns, priorities and aspirations of the stakeholders and implementing parties as they implement the measures; • Information to shape the project as it progresses; • Whenever possible, to recommend and implement specific recommendations and proposals; and, • Provide the participating regions including Woredas with a forum to interact constructively and make progress towards solutions and actions; and feedback from EEP and MoWIE on information received and steps to follow. IPPs that will be involved in projects implementation shall establish a platform for coordination among stakeholders to strengthen and improve the efficiency and transparency of the execution of the planned projects activities, which is supported by the Constitution and other proclamation of the country. It is also a plan within NSSWED implementation, to improve consultation for the most vulnerable groups and their communities so that they could benefit even more from the projects activities. More effective use can be made of women’s groups, youth groups and community conversations targeting women, traditional leaders, and other vulnerable groups. Involving these groups, with meaningful representation Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 24 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) and participation in public forums will be endorsed as part of projects implementation. Generally, public and stakeholders’ consultation anticipates attaining the following: • Develop and maintain avenues of communication between the program and stakeholders to ensure that their views and concerns are incorporated into program design and implementation with the objectives of reducing or offsetting negative impacts and enhancing benefits from the program; • Inform and discuss about the nature and scale of adverse impacts and to identify and priorities of the remedial measures for the impacts in a more transparent and direct manner; • Include the attitudes of the community and officials who will be affected by the program so that their views and proposals are mainstreamed to formulate mitigation and benefit enhancement measures; • Create a sense of the concerns, priorities and aspirations of the stakeholders and implementing parties as they implement the proposed measures and actions; • Increase public awareness and understanding of the program, and ensure its acceptance; and • Inform relevant authorities of the impacts, solicit their views on the program and discuss their share of the responsibility for the smooth functioning of the overall projects activities. 5.5. Guiding Checklist for Consultation and Participation during REGREP Implementation • Identify and involve all stakeholders, especially people affected; in the consultative and participative process. • Develop a participatory strategy for projects activities planning, implementation, and M&E. • List detail requirements for information campaigns and dissemination and develop procedures for PAPs to negotiate their entitlements. • Involve stakeholders in decision-making at all stages of projects implementation. • Establish a time line to complete activities such as an information campaign, compensation types and levels, entitlements, and relocation sites and schedules. • Establish procedures for grievance redress. 5.6. Stakeholders Analysis According to WB PS 1, sections 25 through 36 describe the requirements for the project developer (IPP) in order to establish and maintain constructive relationships with all relevant stakeholders, both affected and interested parties. Stakeholder engagement includes activities aiming at: ▪ identifying all project stakeholders and analyse their various interests for and influence on the project; ▪ properly and timely informing stakeholders in an adapted format and language; ▪ establishing a two-way dialogue to exchange views and information; ▪ establishing a clear and accessible mechanism for receiving feedback and responding to questions, grievances, concerns and suggestions, documenting how stakeholders’ concerns and suggestions have been addressed; and ▪ regularly reporting to stakeholders on Project progress and implementation of mitigation measures. These activities are to be free of coercion and intimidation, respect local traditions and decision-making process, reflect gender specificities, and include the views of minority and vulnerable groups. Therefore, in response to the requirements of the national guideline and the WB’s performance standards, public Consultation meetings were conducted with Regional and Local government officials, Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 25 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) communities, women groups and NGOs operating in the areas covered by this RPF study. Stakeholder Identification The key objectives of the stakeholder identification were the following. • to identify all the directly impacted stakeholders by the project and its associated facilities; • to identify the stakeholder groups that are likely to be indirectly impacted by the project activities; • to identify stakeholder groups whose interests might be impacted by the project and the other way round; and • to identify any other stakeholder group that might have an influence on the project. The below table presents the types of stakeholders contacted at various consultation events during this RPF preparation.. Stakeholder Category Stakeholders Project proponent Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) Regulators Key stakeholders at the Federal, Regional, Zonal, Woreda and Kebele levels ▪ Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) ▪ Somali Regional State, Sity Zone, Hadigala, Ayisha, Hurso, and Gad Woredas ▪ Afar Regional State, Didaya, Dichatu, and Idar (Weranso) Woredas ▪ Oromia Regional State, Arsi zone, Hetosa Woreda (Iteya town) ▪ Tigray Regional State, KaftaHumora Woreda, ▪ Dire Dawa City Administration, ▪ Amhara Regional State, Semen Shewa Zone, DebreBirhan town. Potentially impacted Groups Community members consulted during the preparation of this RPF. Vulnerable groups Agro/pastoralist households contacted during the preparation of this RPF. Women, Female Headed Households, elderly, chronically ill, children including orphans, families affected and/or infected by HIV/AIDS, people with disability, unemployed youths. Interest parties NGOs and CSOs 5.7. Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) REGREP will be implemented in selected places across Ethiopia, including areas identified as underserved regions and communities of the country. Thus this RPF is designed to cover Indigenous people/underserved communities, the consultations in such locations therefore need to consider Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) for the loss of land and PS 7 requirements need to be met in the preparation of site specific RAPs. Ethiopian Government has agreed with the World Bank joint screening in 2013 that there is a general understanding to certain groups of people who are historically disadvantaged and underserved as meeting Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 26 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) the criteria of PS-7, Indigenous Peoples. Thus, required special attention to anticipate and avoid adverse impacts on such communities. These groups of people include, the four emerging regions of the country namely Afar, Somali, Benishangul-Gumuz and Gambella Regional States as well as some parts from Oromiya and SNNPR (mainly pastoralists and agro pastoralists). DefinitionofFree,PriorandInformedConsent [FPIC] It is recognized that there is no universally accepted definition of FPIC and that the definition and practices related to FPIC are evolving. For the purposes of this RPF, it is defined as: FPIC comprises a process and an outcome. The process builds upon the requirements for Informed Consultation and Participation-ICP (which include requirements for free, prior and informed consultation and participation) and additionally requires Good Faith Negotiation (GFN) between the client and Affected Communities of Indigenous Peoples. Good Faith Negotiation involves on the part of all parties: ➢ willingness to engage in a process and availability to meet at reasonable times and frequency; ➢ provision of information necessary for informed negotiation; ➢ exploration of key issues of importance; ➢ use of mutually acceptable procedures for negotiation; ➢ willingness to change initial position and modify offers where possible; and ➢ provision of sufficient time for decision making. The outcome, where the process is successful, is an agreement and evidence thereof. FPIC will be established prior to the start of construction in any given locality through coercion- free and informed negotiations between IPP and affected communities. The FPIC process (which will result in a documented agreement reflecting the outcome of the negotiation), will be carried out concurrently with the development of a formalized Community Development Plan and/or other mitigation or compensation package. To demonstrate FPIC, IPP’s Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) will include specific details of the FPIC process that will be followed in the proposed REGREP project site and circumstances for applicability. As part of the FPIC process, (i) the negotiation process that took place between IPP and affected communities, and (ii) evidence of agreement between the parties as the outcome of the negotiation process. FPIC does not necessarily require unanimity and may be achieved even if some individuals or groups within the community disagree. NB. See Section 7 (5) of this RPF, for additional details on the application of PS 7 for REGREP and the requirements for FPIC. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 27 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) In the preparation of this RPF a number of consultations have been carried out at different locations of Ethiopia, where REGREP is potentially to be implemented. The below table summarizes the consultations done at Regional, Zonal, Woreda and Kebele levels undertaken at the time of this RPF study. Consultations undertaken in the preparation of REGREP RPF Regional State Place of consultation Male Female Total Somali Regional Regional Administration 3 0 3 State Hadigala Woreda 14 2 16 Ayisha Woreda 6 2 8 Erer Woreda 14 3 17 Afar Regional Afar Region 14 1 8 State Elidar Woreda 16 0 16 Weranso Kebele 9 0 9 Oromia Regional Arusi Zone 7 0 7 State Hitosa Woreda 10 1 11 Amhara Regional Semen Shewa Zone 13 4 17 State Debre-birhan City 8 0 8 Administration Tigray Regional KaftaHumorakebele 7 5 12 State HintaloWjirat Kebele 22 2 24 Dire-Dawa City Dire-Dawa City Administration 5 2 7 N.B. Most Administration of these consultations have been taken place at the Regional and Woreda Administration levels; while the consultations at the Kebele levels involved the community. 5.8. Summary of Views Derived from Public Consultations during the RPF Preparation Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 28 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) The government officials attending in the public consultation at various levels have discussed on various set of issues related to REGREP. The participants expressed their hope that the projects activities will solve the electricity problem. The respective stakeholders/ officials attending the meetings have come up with the following suggestions: 1) All participants have prior awareness about the program and positive attitude towards the implementation at all targeted sites. 2) The discussion gave a clear indication of local acceptance of the projects and they have also expressed their serious concerns about the proper and transparent implementation approach of the project. 3) They unanimously agreed on the implementation of the projects activities and made confirmation that they will provide the expected cooperation and support required for the success of the proposed Scaling Solar and Wind Energy Development Project. 4) The project affected households shall be entitled to all reasonable compensation packages, including the acquisition of replacement lands, the implementation of which must be initiated and implemented by IPP/ Contractor in consultation and collaboration with stakeholders/officials. For the project affected private and public properties, census and payment of compensation should be done in accordance to Proclamation No 455/2005 and Regulation No 135/2007of the FDRE Government. 5) If in case of complaint by PAPs, the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) and the Court shall follow up and take the right and fair decision on time. 6) The projects are highly expected to benefit temporary job opportunities to the local communities;the IPP/ Contractor shall give due attention to ensure that the local communities are receiving priority to the recruitment opportunities. 7) The influx of labor to the construction areas and their interactions with the local communities may create access for the spread of communicable diseases. Hence, the IPP/ Contractor should provide health awareness program in collaboration with Woreda and Kebele health sector offices prior to and during the implementation of the projects. 8) It is advised that the projects would create employment opportunities for educated youths in the implementation sites. 9) During implementation, the projects should consider the felt needs of local community as part of Corporate Social Responsibility schemes. Discussion with Women Groups ➢ Power shortage is apparent in our Woreda. Therefore, the proposed program would minimize the problem and contribute to improve living standards of local communities. ➢ The program is essential to minimize women’s burden. We shall support the realization of the program activities. Moreover, we will inform and seek the support of other women to stand in favor of the projects implementation. ➢ During the implementation of the projects activities, women should be included in the job opportunities. Discussion with Issa Clan Leaders and Elders (Ethiopia Somali Region) ➢ We will work jointly at all stages of the proposed projects implementation in the future, as it entails significant relevance to our needs. Participants believed that the proposed projects will minimize electric power outage. ➢ There are graveyards in different places which seem to be bare land. Therefore, responsible bodies should give prior information during site selection. Proper/ joint planning with active public participation shall have a significant role in site selection process. ➢ Finally, it was assured that participants will contribute all what is possible for the successful implementation of the proposed project. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 29 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 30 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Table 5-1: Issues Raised and Response provided by EEP Location of Issues raised Response provided Consultation KaftaHumera • The area selected for Humera solar power project is • Considering the agricultural potential of the area, very fertile ground used us farming of cash crops like during project appraisal and ESIA preparation, the Sesame and other agricultural crop products. study team would consider bare land and/or less productive area. • Considering the production capacity and type of crops Compensation will be made based on the principles cultivated, how much will be compensated for outlined in this RPF and the entitlement matrix, as expropriation of land for the project. well as in accordance to the WB PS-5 and the GoE proclamation no. 455/2005 and regulation no. 135/2007. • Land for land or compensation at full replacement cost will be taken place as per WB PS-5 and the GoE proclamation no. 455/2005 Somali Regional • Since the area is pastoralist area, the project will • The area which will be selected for the proposed State city Zone affect grazing land project most probably will minimize negative Administration • What are the major benefits that the project will bring impacts on grazing lands. Compensation will be to the local community? paid for all assets affected by the project based on • What will be the actual energy project proposed to the WB PS-5 and the GoE proclamation no. 455/2005 area/Solar or Wind/ according to the potential of the and in accordance to this RPF. area. • The project will benefit the local community in • How the government will solve the electric shortage creating a job opportunity and local employment, problem of rural areas of Somali Regional State. different socioeconomic benefits, such as basic services to the local community and surroundings. • As per the potential of the area both solar and wind projects are preferable to the area. • The proposed energy projects will add their own energy supply for the increasing energy demand of the area and in general in the nation. Hadigala Woreda • The Woreda is suitable for solar projects than wind • Although the recent study indicated that the area is and it is better to focus on solar projects. potential for wind power, following further • Compensation for the assets and the land must be additional studies will consider to include the solar done very carefully power potential. • Compensation for land and any affected assets will follow and implement as per the proclamation and regulation of the country as well as WB PS 5. Ayisha Woreda • The Woreda is potential for both solar and wind • Further plan for different types of energy projects energy project. So, it is better to plan more capacity in will be proposed to utilize from the area’s wind and the Woreda. solar production capacity. Aysha is one of the areas • Considering the area how much will be compensated for wind energy production center and in the future for expropriation of land this will be considered for an additional power • The Woreda and the project area should be benefited production. from the project • The compensation payment for affected assets made accordingly with the compensation proclamation of the country and WB PS 5 (in cases of differences in the two laws, the later will prevail), which refer the production capacity and crop type produced in the expropriated land • Because of the intervention of the project within the local community, employment opportunity and other benefits will be created. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 31 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) DebreBirhan • Environmental and social impact assessment should • Environmental and social impact assessment will be be done before starting of the project. prepared and approved before the commencement of • Reasonable, sufficient, and timely compensation project’s physical construction works. payments for the affected assets. • Project affected households will definitely get • Adequate compensation for land and property has to appropriate compensation at full replacement cost as be planned and executed. Compensation has to be per the Ethiopian Expropriation of Land Holdings paid prior to the start of project implementation for Public Purposes and Compensation Payment as • Participants expressed frustration and doubt on well as WB PS 5 requirements. appropriate and fair compensation for their lost assets • Compensation payment will be finalized timely, and and properties. completed before the start of the project. The local • In addition to compensation payment, livelihood Government Authorities guaranteed PAP’s for restoration payment should be included. securing a suitable place for resettlement having all • Employment opportunity set to local community is the required social amenities, as equal or better than mandatory their original location. Humera • Confident implementation of compensation shall be • Compensation payment will be made as per the enacted and implemented by IPPs in applicable form, proclamation and regulation of land expropriation i.e., land to land or in cash. for government and WB PS 7 (in cases of differences in the two laws, the later will prevail). Dire Dawa • Environmental and social impact assessment should • IPPs is required and mandatory to prepare and get be studied before the commencement of the project clearance of ESIA and RAP from the respective • The project must support the city administration in institutions before the commencement of the project creating job opportunity to newly graduated students to manage and address any anticipated impacts on and the local community? biodiversity and socio economic situations of the • The city administration, impact on bio diversity, soil city administration. and other socio economic issues must be addressed • The project will create job opportunities and related before the start of the project, as applicable positive impacts to the city administration youths and women. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 32 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 6. SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC DISPLACEMENT IMPACTS This section presents an outline of the potential physical and displacement impacts that could be emanated from the implementation of the proposed REGREP activities. Theseanticipated impacts were identified through reviewing relevant documents, comprehensive stakeholder consultation with prospective projects affected people and field investigations in selected Regions and respective Zones, Woredas and Kebeles. 6.1. Positive Environmental and Socio Economic Impacts The positive social impacts include the creation of short-term job opportunities and skill transfer to the local people. In the long term, the availability of a regular and reliable supply of electricity will contribute to the development and growth of small scale businesses, which in turn will create employment opportunities and increase income. Social service delivery institutions would provide improved services; new skills and knowledge could also be transferred to the area; and local market opportunities will be developed. In addition, the proposed project improves the living standard of the community; reduce the burden of women and poverty in the country. Understanding the nature of the projects, the proposed projects are expected to be environmental friendly and socially acceptable, which is reflected by their characteristics to provide benefits to the whole nation and, in particular, to the community members who are parties of these two Programs. Therefore, the anticipated positive Environmental and Social impacts resulting from the scaling solar and wind development projects are discussed in the below section. 6.2. Displacement and other Socioeconomic Potential Adverse Impacts and Possible Mitigation Measures The implementation of works under the National Scaling Solar and Wind Energy Development projects in targeted locations of Ethiopia implies a need for land and hence land acquisition that is expected to lead to physical and economic displacement of people and loss of access to the land that provides for social and economic resources. Therefore, the Resettlement Policy Framework and Resettlement Action Plans have to be developed to guide the REGREP projects activities and ensure that the WB’s Performance Standard 5: for Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement as well as National requirements for land acquisition and resettlement are adequately addressed. Even though, the exact location of the infrastructure and implementation of REGREP activities are not known at this stage; however, due to different construction and operational phasesassociated to the program activities, limited negative social impacts are anticipated to affect the nearby communities. Besides, considering the nature and limited scale of the intended activities under the program, it is estimated that those impacts that are expected to be generated from the construction and operation phases will be mitigated or avoided through implementation of appropriate means and best practices. The potential negative socio-economic impacts and mitigation /prevention measures are described below. Table 6-1: Potential Adverse Social Impacts and Possible Mitigation Measures Social Impact Mitigation Measure Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 33 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Displacement: Scaling Solar and Wind The project developer shall prepare RAP and Development would take land for program compensate, either in cash or in kind as per activities; households will lose land and immovable preference and agreement of PAPs. Moreover, assets that will require the resettlement and resettlement assistance and livelihood restoration relocation activities. activities will be designed. Land based livelihood: existing farmlands would Compensation will be made based on the principles be acquired for the purpose of project construction. outlined in this RPF and the entitlement matrix, as well This will lead to loss of livelihood for some as in accordance to the WB PS-5 and the GoE families. proclamation no. 455/2005 and regulation no. 135/2007. . Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher, thus Livelihood Restoration Plan (LRP) will be considered by the developer. Influx of labor: sudden and unplanned in-flow of a The IPP/Contractor shall adopt the Labor Influx large migrant workforce might put pressure on local Management Plan (LIMP) and implement it resources – water, health care services, daily accordingly, as required.Moreover, ensuring proper consumables, etc as well as price increase on health-check-ups of all laborers employed at the market goods. Besides, excessiveinflux of labor project site; and facilitating healthcare services and force to the construction areas and their interactions medical care in case of sickness. Adopt with the local communities may create access for mechanisms that need to be put in place to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. and minimize Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Violence Against Children(VAC) (for example through Code of Conduct as a prevention strategy). Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): the arrival Impacts will be mitigated through awareness of workers to the construction areas of the project creation on sexually transmitted infections, health and their relations with the local communities education programs, control of illegal/illicit drugs might create possibility for the transmission of and prostitution and other socially condemned sexually transmitted infections like HIV/AIDS. activities near the project site and through distribution of condoms to workers. Indigenous/ Underserved Peoples:the presence of Where alternatives have been explored and adverse workers for project works in their territories can impacts are unavoidable, the client will minimize, affect their customs and lifestyle, with a subsequent restore, and/or compensate for these impacts in a loss of identity. culturally appropriate manner commensurate with the nature and scale of such impacts and the vulnerability of the affected communities of Indigenous/underserved Peoples. Employment Opportunities: the possible social Encourage and consider the employment of local impacts that might be resulted from the proposed labor for semi-skilled and unskilled labor demand program activities are caused by lack of fairness in including women, ensure that criteria is set for prioritizing households for services, equity of prioritization of likely beneficiary households decision-making process, and non-use of local including poor and female headed ones where there people work force during the construction and is more request. Employing strong strategy to related project works, which could bring conflict at mobilize local labor. Establish affordable and the local level. transparent Grievance Redress Mechanism. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 34 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 7. CATEGORIES OF PROJECT AFFECTED PEOPLE (PAPS) Land acquisition for National Scaling Solar and Wind Energy Development projects may result in negative impacts to different categories of PAPs. This RPF considers PAPs as those who stand to lose as a consequence of the REGREP activities, all or part of their physical and non-physical assets, including homes, productive lands, resources such as perennial and non-perennial crops, forests, commercial properties, and income-earning opportunities. Such impacts may be permanent or temporary. This might occur through land expropriation and restricted or reduced access to important livelihood resources. The policy framework applies to all economically and/or physically displaced persons regardless of the total number of affected; the severity of impact and whether or not they have legal title to the land (e.g. this RPF guideline apply also to those with ill-defined or no title to the land- who may not be protected through Ethiopian’s legislation related to land exploration). Particular attention will be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups among those economically and/or physically displaced especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, chronically ill, women and children or other economically and/or physically displaced persons. Until the exact implementation locations are determined, it is not possible to estimate the likely number of people who may be affected as a result of projects activities. However, the likely displaced (economically or physically) persons can be categorized into three groups namely: 1. Project affected individuals These are individuals who risks losing assets, investments, land, property and/or access to natural and/or economic resources as a result of project activities. 2. Project affected households Theseare groups of PAPs in one household and where one or more of its members are directly affected by the project. These include members like the head of household, male, and female members, dependent relatives, tenants, etc. 3. Project affected communal land users Given the proposed and potential solar power development plant locations are in developing national regional states, the land use right holdings in these areas are communal. Thus, the projects under this program may potentially acquire communal lands which will be addressed based on the regional communal tenure systems for setting out entitlements and compensation payment. 4. Vulnerable groups From these households the project will separately identify the vulnerable members, such as those who are too old or too ill; children including orphans; families affected and/or infected by HIV/AIDS; vulnerable women; unemployed youth; people with disability; etc. Households headed by women that depend on sons, brothers, and others for support is especially vulnerable. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 35 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 5. Communal land use impacts and Underserved / Indigenous Peoples4 Given the proposed and potential solar and wind power development plant locations are in developing national regional states where underserved and vulnerable groups live, the land use right holdings in these areas are communal. Thus, the projects under this program may potentially acquire communal lands which will be addressed based on the regional communal tenure systems for setting out entitlements and compensation payment. In such instances, the land acquisition process will follow the free, prior, informed, consent process and the outcome should be documented. Further, when the PAPs impacted by any land take are underserved peoples, the risks highlighted in this RPF differentially affect various categories of people. Therefore, avoidance is the first response to risks that should be considered. Recognizing risks upfront and their financial implications is often a powerful stimulus to search for an alternative that eliminate the need for displacement or cuts down its size. This is technically possible in this program. Acomplementary Social Impact Assessmentwill be carried out to identify the areas or sites where resettlement, due to land acquisition or restriction of access to resources, is likely to have impacts. If land take is unavoidable, WB PS 5 calls for the preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAPs) consistent with the guidelines provided in this RPF. The following procedural guidelines will apply when it is determined that a RAP would be developed. (i) All potential PAPs should be identified (through a scoping exercise) and informed about their options and rights pertaining to compensation for land and assets to be acquired by the sub- project(s); (ii) PAPs must be consulted about land acquisition and compensation and offered technical and financial options, including the most economically feasible alternatives; and (iii) PAPs should receive reasonable compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets and access attributable to the sub-project. If REGREP project’s activities result in adverse impacts on lands and natural resources that are owned and used by people who meet the criteria of WB PS7. FPIC will also applied as project activities resulted in the relocation of these groups from lands as well as if project activities would bring significant impacts to cultural heritage essential to the identity and/or cultural, ceremonial or spiritual aspects of the groups in question. The WB PS 7 states that if project activities of Independent Power Producer (IPP) proposes to locate a project on lands owned or used by Indigenous/ underserved Peoples, should employ a process of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC), and will be established through good faith negotiation between the client and the Affected Communities of Indigenous Peoples. Objectives of WB PS 7: ➢ To ensure that the development process fosters full respect for the human rights, dignity, aspirations, culture, and natural resource-based livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples. 4 Ethiopian Government has agreed with the World Bank joint screening in 2013 that there is a general understanding to groups of people who are historically disadvantaged and underserved as meeting the criteria of PS-7, Indigenous Peoples. Thus, need special attention to anticipate and avoid adverse impacts on such communities- include, the four emerging regions of the country namely Afar, Somali, Benishangul-Gumuz and Gambella Regional States as well as some parts from Oromiya and SNNPR. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 36 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) ➢ To anticipate and avoid adverse impacts of projects on communities of Indigenous Peoples, or when avoidance is not possible, to minimize and/or compensate for such impacts. ➢ To promote sustainable development benefits and opportunities for Indigenous ➢ Peoples in a culturally appropriate manner. ➢ To establish and maintain an ongoing relationship based on informed consultation and participation with the Indigenous Peoples affected by a project throughout the project’s life-cycle. ➢ To ensure the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) of the Affected Communities of Indigenous Peoples when the circumstances described in this Performance Standard are present. ➢ To respect and preserve the culture, knowledge, and practices of Indigenous Peoples. The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) to be developed for each REGREP project (as required) is therefore necessitating the documentation on the process and outcome of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC). This plan will ensure that the activities and the implementing IPP will respect the dignity, rights, and culture of groups meeting the PS 7 requirements and ensure that these people participate and benefit from the project in a sustainable manner. To demonstrate FPIC, IPP’s Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) will include specific details of the FPIC process that will be followed in the proposed REGREP project site and circumstances for applicability. As part of the FPIC process, (iii) the negotiation process that took place between IPP and affected communities, and (iv) evidence of agreement between the parties as the outcome of the negotiation process. FPIC does not necessarily require unanimity and may be achieved even if some individuals or groups within the community disagree. The IPP will document mutually accepted process between the client and Affected Communities of Indigenous Peoples as well as evidence of agreement between the parties as the outcome of the negotiations. FPIC does not necessarily require unanimity and may be achieved even when individuals or groups within the community explicitly disagree. The IPP shall document: ➢ Provide evidence on the process used to foster free, prior, informed consent with the communities and the proposed culturally appropriate benefits; ➢ Document efforts exerted to avoid and minimize the area of land proposed for the project; ➢ Document efforts to avoid and minimize impacts on natural resources and natural areas of importance to Indigenous People; ➢ Identify and review all property interests and traditional resource uses and institutions; ➢ Assess and document the Affected Communities of Indigenous Peoples’ resource use without prejudicing any Indigenous Peoples’ land claim. Community Development Plan Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 37 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) The FPIC process will be carried out concurrently with the development of a formalized Community Development Plan and/or other mitigation orcompensation packagefortheaffected communities whereFPICissought. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 38 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 8. RESETTLEMENT PLANNING PROCEDURE AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS To ensure the anticipated adverse impacts are small in scale and managed with best practice methods, every potential project that will be funded under the program will require environmental and social screening process.Based on the investment demand of the GoE on the type of project, Independent Power Producers (IPPs)will submit applications or proposals for any interested projects based on the call from EEP at national level. Depending on the type of projects and to ensure that all pertinent environmental and social issues are identified, desk appraisal will be conducted by the EEP. Prior to going to the sites, a desk appraisal of the proposed project activities plan will be carried out to confirm that all proposed applications for the solar and wind project with competitive bidding contain the required information pertinent to risk guaranty and for identification of environmental and social safeguards issues. During planning and preparation of all projects under the REGREP, the IPPs are required to ensure that environmental and social impacts of the project could be mitigated and minimized through implementations of best practice methods. Anticipated E&S impacts and the respective mitigation measures will be used by the IPPs to obtain an overview of potential environmental and social impacts that could be generated due to the implementations of each project. In regard to land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, the below sections of this RPF describe the steps and procedures to be followed for the proposed program activities requiring land for their implementation. The steps are designed to adequately address issues to the required resettlement operations during projects implementation period. This RPF highlights the proposed program activities planning, implementation, M&E and learning shall focus to ensure sound, sustainable and acceptable standards to involuntary land acquisition and resettlement activities. 8.1.REGREP Resettlement Screening The first step in the process of preparing individual resettlement and compensation plan is the screening process, to identify the land or areas that may result socioeconomic impacts, including resettlement. RE’ screening is used to identify the types and nature of potential impacts related to the activities proposed under the program, and provides adequate measures to address the anticipated impacts. It also ensures that the IPPs, in consultation with the local community, select a site with the least environmental and social impacts, and lowest chance of resettlement. The screening process will ensure that program activities need to comply with the requirements of Ethiopian Law according to Proclamation No 455/2005 and Council of Ministers Regulations No. 135/2007. EEP/IPP with the support from the National and Regional Environmental and Energy Offices or Woreda level Administrations, as required, will undertake screening of proposed project activities for initial screening as to its land requirement. This screening will be done by using the standard Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement Screening Form, as shown in (Annex 5) of this RPF. The screening report will be submitted to MoWIE for review, clearance, and approval. The reviewing process at this stage will take into account whether or not that the proposed project activities require additional safeguards instruments, such as RAP. If the screening result indicates that no resettlement operation is required, the development of a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 39 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Resettlement Action Plan is not necessary. Otherwise, for any subproject that entails involuntary resettlement, the succeeding steps shall be followed for the preparation of RAP as necessary. 8.2.Processes for RAP Preparation WB Performance Standard 5 requires a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for any project that results in physical displacement of people; such that people are displaced from land or productive resources and the displacement results in relocation, the loss of shelter, the loss of assets or access to assets. In the case of physical displacement, the IPP will develop a Resettlement Action Plan that covers, at a minimum, the applicable requirements of WB PS 5, regardless of the number of people affected. This will include compensation at full replacement cost for land and other assets lost. The plan will be designed to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement; identify development opportunities; develop a resettlement budget and schedule; and establish the entitlements of all categories of affected persons (including host communities). Particular attention will be paid to the needs of the poor and the vulnerable. The client will document all transactions to acquire land rights, as well as compensation measures and relocation activities. Regardless of the existence of relevant formal or customary laws, WB PS 5requires theprivate entity/IPP to ensure that the outcome of any land acquisition and involuntary resettlement associated with its project is consistent withWB policy on Land Acquisition andInvoluntary Resettlement.The development of theRAP legalframeworkrequiresIPPsto compare prevailinglaws andregulationsof Ethiopiawith the policyon WBland acquisition and involuntary resettlement. In particular, the policy stipulates that people affected by a project must be: ✓ consulted regarding resettlement activities; ✓ providedwith timely compensation for lost assets at full replacement cost; ✓ providedwith alternativesites for relocation; ✓ providedwith resettlement assistance,if required;and ✓ restored to livelihoodswhosestandardscompare with,andpreferablyexceed, those that prevailedbefore resettlement. This section describes a recommended approach to effective RAP preparation. The essential components of a RAP are the following: 8.2.1. Identification of Project Impacts andAffected Populations The first task in planning resettlement is to identify a project’s adverse impacts and the populations that will be affected.This important step usually requires the participation of qualified experts who have appropriate training and experience. Resettlement planning involves more than simple surveys or inventories of affected assets. The ultimate goalof a RAP is to enablethosedisplaced by a projectto improvetheirstandardof living; a goal that requires an examination of social, environmental, and economicconditions beyond simple physical inventories. The RAP must identify all people affected by the project and all adverse impacts on their livelihoods associated with the project’s land acquisition. Typical effects includebreakup of communities and social support networks; loss of dwellings, farm buildings, and other structures(wells, boreholes, irrigation works, and fencing), agriculturalland,trees, and standingcrops; impeded or lost accessto community resourcessuch as water sources, pasture,forest and woodland, medicinal plants, or fisheries; loss of Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 40 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) business; loss of accessto publicinfrastructureor services;andreduced incomeresulting from these losses. Consultation with representatives of the affected population,relevantgovernment officials/ stakeholders, community leaders,is essentialtogainingacomprehensive understandingof the types anddegreesof adverseprojecteffects. For Scaling Solar and Wind Energy Development Project, IPP/Contractor must discuss plans for a census and registrationprogramwith localleadersandrepresentatives of community- based organizations. Census and asset inventory enumerators (project-related personnel) must be thoroughly briefed on the objectives and timetable of the project and what is being planned in terms of physical relocation, compensation for lost assets, and restoration of livelihood. Affected populations and impacts should be identified through a series of key steps: 8.2.1.1. Step 1: Census The census of people affected by the project is a key initial stage in the preparation of the RAP. The census serves five important and interrelated functions: 1) enumerating andcollecting basic information on the affected population; 2) registering the affected population by residence or locality; 3) total number of persons affected by types of impacts (gender disaggregated data); 4) an income/ livelihood and asset survey (of losses); 5) establishing a list oflegitimate beneficiariesbeforetheproject’s onset that countersspuriousclaims from those moving into the project area solely in anticipation of benefits; 6) laying a framework for subsequent socioeconomic researchneededto establishfair compensation ratesandto design,monitor,andevaluatesustainableincomerestorationor development interventions; and 7) providing a baselinefor monitoringand evaluation. EnumerationandRegistration-censusandregistrationprovideinformation onthe scaleandcomplexity of the requiredresettlement planning(for example,the size, distribution,and socioeconomic diversity of the population). The censusmust encompass all peopleadversely affected by the project,regardlessof their legal status—landowner, holderof land rights, tenant,illegal squatter orwhetherthey are actuallyliving on an affectedsite at the time of the census.In other words, lack of legal land title does not disqualify people from resettlement assistance. Private landowners and holders of rights to land as well as any person currently occupying public or private land for shelter, business purposes, or othersourcesof livelihood(caretakers,squatters,scavengers)should be included in the census.Whilelandlesspeopleor squattersmay not be eligiblefor land compensation, they may be eligible for resettlement assistance,compensation for assets (such as shelters and standing crops, woodlots, etc.),and, where practicable, the benefits of development interventions, whichmay includeprovisionof land. The resettlement planning shall give particular attention to vulnerable groups living in the project area. These groups may include households headed by womenor children,people with disabilities,the extremelypoor,the elderly,andgroupsthat suffer socialand economic discrimination, includingindigenous peoplesand minorities. Members of vulnerablegroupsmay requirespecialor supplementary resettlement assistancebecause theyareless ableto copewiththephysicaland/oreconomic displacement thanthe affected population in general. An indigenous population, for example,may have more difficulty thanotheraffectedpeoplewith physicaldisplacement because of a stronger attachment to the land,the naturalresources,or the physicalfeatures of a site required by a project.Under the proposed REGREP, the IPPs who will be engaged in the resettlement operation should consult WBPerformance Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 41 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Similarly, IPP resettlement planners must account for people who may not occupy a site required by a project at the time of enumeration. In such instances, systems for checking and validating land claims are essential to comprehensive resettlement planning. Setting cut-off date - the completion of the census represents aprovisional cut-off date for eligibility for resettlement assistance. This makes it essential that resettlement planners ensure sufficient public awareness of the cut-off date. Census takers shouldprovide affected people documentation that confirms their enumeration (identity cards or a witnessed copy of the survey endorsedby the householdhead).Proof of enumeration precludes an influx of people into the project area after the cut-off date. Although concessions should be made for enumerator errors and omissions, as a rule people moving into the project area after the cut-off date should not be entitled to assistance. Planners must nevertheless accommodate individuals or groups who are not present at the time of registration but who have alegitimate claim to membership in the affected community. Such groups might include absent family members engaged in migrant wage labor or nomadic pastoralists who use local resources on a seasonal basis. If there is a significant time lag between the completion of the census andimplementation of theRAP, resettlement plannersshould make provision for population movements as well as natural population increaseand expansion of households, whichmay includea repeatcensus. Framework for Socioeconomic Studies -the project area census can be combined with the gatheringof pertinentdemographic (age, sex, family size)and relatedsocialandeconomicinformation (ethnicity,health, education,occupation, incomesources) from amongthe affected people.This information canprovide the IPPs with a general understanding of the communities affected by the project, including host communities, and the scope of compensation and resettlement assistance necessary to mitigate adverse effects. A template format for Census Survey and Land Asset Inventoryis presented at the end of this RPF (Annex 6). Baseline Data for Monitoring and Evaluation -the censusshouldprovideresettlement plannerswith the quantitative data that enablesthem to budgetresourcesand services, to track the deliveryof thoseresourcesandservicesto the affectedpopulation, andto correct problemsin the delivery of resourcesand services throughout implementation of the RAP. In addition, information gathered during the census can yield important baseline data at the household and community levels, which can be used to establish indicators not only for resettlement implementation, but also for monitoring and evaluation of income restoration and sustainable development initiatives associated with the resettlement operations. 8.2.1.2. Step 2:Inventory of Affected Asset For the proposed REGREP, the IPP must undertake a detailed survey of all losses that will result for each household, enterprise, or community affected by the project.The survey should account for land acquisitionand loss of physical assets as well as loss of income, either temporary or permanentresulting from displacement of household members from employment or income-generating resources. Assets held collectively, such as water sources, livestock grazing areas, irrigation systems, and community structures should be recorded separately.It is essential for resettlement planners to consult with affected people during this step, to develop a reasonable consensus on the methods and formulas for assigning value to lost assets and income forgone during resettlement. It may also be necessary for local authorities to validate claims to assets. However, inventories of assets are compiled;heads of households should berequired to countersign them to minimize the possibility of subsequent claims or disputes regarding claims. The following are important inventory categories: Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 42 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Land use/land capability -all land acquired by the project, both on a permanent or a temporary basis, must be surveyed, classified by type(for instance, irrigated agriculture, non-irrigated agriculture, pasture, forest, housing, and commercial), and recorded. The appropriate localauthorities and or/ sector offices (e.g. Woreda Land Administration or Office of Agriculture/ Natural Resources) typically classify and assess the value of land by use. Houses and associated structures -dwellings, separate kitchens, toilets, store-rooms, barns, stables,livestockpens,granaries, andworkshops forcottage industry shouldbe classified by construction materials(timber, wattle, bamboo, reed, brick and mortar, concrete, earth). All structures should be included in the inventory regardless ofwhether they are permanently inhabited or occupiedintermittently bytransient populations. Other private physical assets -including non-moveable assets such as standing crops, fruit and fodder trees, firewood and timber woodlots,plantations (rubber, oil palm) fencing,wells, irrigation structures,and graves or tombs. Private enterprises -shops, workshops, stalls, factories, and other business establishments should be surveyed and recorded. These should be classified according to ownership (private business, public enterprise, joint venture, etc.). Individuals losing their enterprises, employees losing jobs, or vendors losing customers should be enumerated, and the value of these losses incurred during the resettlement period should be estimated. Commonpropertyresources -includingforestand woodlands(sources of buildingand craft materials,biomassfor domesticenergy) and pasture/ grazing land. Public structures -including schools,clinics,meetinghalls, placesof worship, wells/communal waterpoints,livestockwateringpoints,bathingandwashing platforms, bus shelters,and monuments. Cultural property- includes archeological sites, burial grounds, monuments, shrines, places of worship, artifacts, and sites of religious or historical significance. Project sponsors should refer to the WBPerformance Standard 8:for guidance on the management of Cultural Heritage. Infrastructure -all infrastructurethat will be destroyedor disrupted by the construction of the project should be enumerated, including roads and bridges; irrigation and drainage channels; water and sewage lines; power lines; and communication lines. 8.2.1.3. Step 3:Collecting socioeconomicdata on livelihood strategies of PAPs A substantial amount ofhousehold level socioeconomic data is collected during the census and inventories of assets.However, low incomehouseholds (those commonlyaffected by resettlement), particularly in rural areas, typically have diversified livelihood strategies that combine agriculture with wage labor and small- scale enterprise.Therefore, it is important to survey all income sources in order to calculate income loss from project landacquisition as a proportion of total income.Analysis of these data will help identifythose householdsmost at risk from physical or economic displacement. This information provides resettlement planners with an understanding of household income streams and of how these streams can be restored after resettlement is complete. It also provides a baseline forevaluating thesuccess oflivelihood restoration and sustainable development measures. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 43 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Addressing gender issues in data collection In gathering the socioeconomic data on livelihood strategies of PAPs, it is important to disaggregate production andincomestreamdataby genderin orderto differentiatetherolesthatmenandwomenplayin maintaining a household’s livelihoodand to design appropriate strategies to restore income. Collecting gender-disaggregated data is the most crucial step for ensuring that the needs and concerns of women are addressed in the resettlement plan. Similarly, it is necessary to collect data on female-headed households, and on elderly and single women. 8.2.1.4. Step 4: Analysis of Surveys and Studies Analysis of the data collected in the census, assets inventory, and socioeconomic studies serves three ends: 1) it provides information needed to establish an entitlement matrixfor household andcommunitylevel compensation; 2) it yields basic economic and socialinformationneeded to designappropriate livelihoodrestorationand development interventions; and 3) it provides quantifiabledemographic, economic,educational,occupational,andhealthindicators for future monitoringand evaluation of RAP implementation. 8.2.1.5. Step 5: Consultation with Affected People Concerning Assistance Benefits and Development Opportunities Withthe informationprovidedby the surveys andstudies, IPPcanengagein informedandconstructive consultations with the affected community regarding the RAP strategy for livelihoodrestoration.Whle all affected PAPs will take part in all the necessary engagements, cmmunity representatives can serve as a focal point for consultations on the types of assistance proposed by the project office as well as for subsequent participation of the community in RAP implementation. Where host communities are affected by resettlement decisions, representatives of these communities should be included in these consultations. A project’s impact may extend beyond a discrete number of affected households to the wider commu nity. In otherwords,a projectmay result in disruptionsto the economic and social relations of a community that cannotsimply be offset by measuresthat compensateandrestoreincometoaffectedhouseholds. An exampleof suchdisruption would be the reduced viability of a farmer’s cooperative after some of its memberswere physicallyrelocated by a project,or small-scaleenterprises’losingcustomersfor the samereason.Undercircumstances wherea projecthas suchcumulative impacts,the WB may requireprojectsponsorsto supportdevelopment interventionsamongthe broader project-affected populationtomitigatethoseeffects.Suchinterventionsshouldbe appropriate and sustainable, that is, they should be based on existing local capacity, local resources, and local initiative, and they should enable the participants to move beyond dependence on external resources (such as capital and expertise) within the life of the RAP implementation. The best approach to designing such development interventions is direct consultation with the affected population. Analyzing survey data that could yield a substantial amount of information on the economy and social organization of the affected community, the project office would identify appropriate and sustainable interventions. These interventions may relate to productivity or production enhancements of existing Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 44 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) income streams through various viable development intervention packages. Having identified such development opportunities, the IPP project office should design appropriate interventionsin close collaboration with beneficiaries, local authorities, and, where appropriate, local community–based organizations. Proposed development interventionswill requiredocumentation similar to resettlement plans: an implementation schedule; clear and effective organizational responsibilities; a programfor consultationandparticipation; a mechanism for disputeresolution;a detailedbudget;a schedule for monitoringandindependent evaluation; andmechanisms for taking correctiveactionsidentifiedin the evaluation. 8.2.1.6. Step 6: Development of RAPReview and Approval Processes A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) should be prepared for any project that results in physical displacement, regardless of the number of people affected, i.e., projects that involve the relocation of people from their homes. IPPs undertaking projects that entail land acquisition but require no physical displacement of people will prepare a Livelihood Restoration Plan, as outlined in WB PS 5. The scope and level of detail of the Resettlement Action Plan will vary with the magnitude of displacement and the complexity of the measures required to mitigate adverse impacts. In all cases, the Resettlement Action Plan will describe the manner in which the objectives of WB PS 5 will be achieved. Following the socio-economic survey and identification of affected parties, a RAP will be developed by the project Implementing Agency/ IPP’srelevant experts, with the potential support of a consultant, and in consultation with concerned stakeholders and PAPs. The crucial aspect of a RAP process is that a specific, auditable process shall be established; that is appropriate to the impacts and that allows for consultation throughout the process. It must also ensure that those affected by resettlement, whether economic or physical, shall no worse off, and preferably better off, than before. The crucial aspect of a RAP process is that a specific, auditable process has been followed, that is appropriate to the impacts and that allows for consultation throughout the process. The basic elements of a RAP are provided in summary in the below Box8-1 andin full detail in Annex 7. Box 9-1: Basic Elements of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) At a minimum, the Resettlement Action Plan should: ➢ project description; ➢ scope of the RAP; ➢ quantify all impacts and impacted persons by categories of impact; ➢ demonstrate that displacement is unavoidable; ➢ describe efforts to minimize resettlement; ➢ describe the legal and regulatory framework; ➢ describe the process of informed consultation and participation with affected people regarding acceptable resettlement alternatives, and the level of their participation in the decision-making process; ➢ describe the entitlements for all categories of displaced people and assess risks to vulnerable groups of the various entitlements; ➢ enumerate the rates of compensation for lost assets, describe how they were derived and demonstrate that these rates are adequate, i.e., at least equal to the replacement cost of lost Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 45 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) assets; ➢ provide details on replacement housing; ➢ outline plans for livelihood restoration if applicable; ➢ describe relocation assistance to be provided; ➢ outline the institutional responsibility for the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan; ➢ description of procedures for grievance redress; ➢ provide details of the arrangements for monitoring, evaluation and reporting and Affected Communities’ involvement in this phase; and ➢ provide a timetable and budget for the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan. Following completion of the RAP preparation for REGREP, the IPP will submit the RAP document to EEP/ MoWIEto ensure compliance with this RPF, Ethiopian law and WB Performance Standards. Compensation payments will be made to displaced persons before physical works commence and the displaced persons property is affected; i.e., during the early stages of implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan. Figure 8-1: Structure of RAP Development Resettlement Screening Land Acquisition/ Asset Loss Impact No Land Acquisition/ Asset Loss Identified Impact Identified ✓ Census of affected people and assets Standard RPF Process ✓ Development of a Resettlement Action Plan ( RAP) ✓ Review & approval of RAP byMoWIEand the WB ✓ Disclosure of the RAP through MoWIE, the WB External website and at the community level ✓ Delivery of compensation& other entitlements as per this RPF and the specific RAP 8.2.2. Review and Approval of RAP Following completion of the RAP for the proposed program components, the IPP project office will submit the RAP to EEP/MoWIE for approval and ensuring compliance with this RPF, WB PSs and the Ethiopian law. The RAP is also to be submitted to World Bank through EEP for review. After approval Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 46 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) by MoWIE and World Bank, the RAP will be translated and disclosed in- country to stakeholders and PAPs in a language they understand. It will also be disclosed in the World Bank external website. 8.3.RAP Implementation Procedures and Schedule Compensation payments will be made to displaced persons before physical works commence and the displaced persons property is affected; i.e., during the early stages of implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan or Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan. 8.3.1. RAP Procedures Following approval of the program RAP, the process of implementation must take place, involving the following: a. Consultation (a continuation of the process entered into during the site selection, screening and RAP development process); b. Notification to affected parties; c. Documentation of assets; d. Agreement on compensation; e. Preparation of contracts, and f. Compensation payments and provision of assistance in resettlement. The detail of these steps will depend on the nature and extent of resettlement required. Consultation: An essential element in the RAP implementation process is consultation and public participation. This will be a continuation of the process entered into during the site selection, screening, census and RAP development process, and will depend on the extent of the resettlement impact. The community and landholder would be informed of the approval of the RAP and implications for all PAPs, as well as the likely implications in terms of resettlement, expropriation and compensation. Importantly, this would need to be part of an ongoing process, to ensure that no affected individual/household is simply “notified” one day that they are affected in this way. Instead, this process seeks their involvement and wishes to inform communities in a participatory approach with the project, from the beginning. Notification: At the earliest possible opportunity, EEP/IPP will provide notification regarding land acquisition to land holders and users. The users will be informed through both a formal notification in writing; while as many people are illiterate, verbal notification will also be delivered in the presence of the Kebele representative. Documentation: The relevant Implementing Agency/ IPP will arrange meetings with affected individuals and/or households to discuss the compensation process. For each individual or household affected, the IPP project official will complete a compensation dossier containing necessary personal information on the affected party and those that he/ she claims as household members, total landholdings, inventory of assets affected, and information for monitoring their future situation. Dossiers will be kept current and will include documentation of lands surrendered. Each individual will be provided with a copy of the dossier at the time ofnegotiations. This is necessary so that the resettlement process for each individual PAP can be monitored over time. All claims and assets will be documented in writing. Agreement on compensation and preparation of contracts: All compensation options and types must be Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 47 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) clearly explained to the affected individual or household. The IPP project office will draw up a contract, listing all property and land being surrendered, and the types of compensation (cash and/or in-kind) selected. A person selecting in-kind compensation will have an order form, which is signed and witnessed. The compensation contract is read aloud in the presence of the affected party and other relevant community leaders prior to signing. Compensation payments:All handing over of property such as land and buildings and compensation payments will be made in the presence of the affected party and Kebele representative. 8.3.2. RAP Implementation Schedule It is essential that the timeframes and action plans associated with the RAP are linked to the program implementation schedule. Provisions must be made for compensation and assistance prior to displacement. The assistance includes provision and preparation of resettlement sites with adequate facilities. In particular, land and related assets may be taken away only after compensation has been paid and resettlement sites and moving allowances have been provided to affected people. For project activities requiring relocation or resulting in loss of shelter, this RPF further requires that measures to assist the project affected persons are implemented in accordance with the individual RAP provision. In the Implementation Schedule of each RAP, details on resettlement and compensation must be provided. The schedule for the implementation of activities, as agreed between the REGREP implementation office and PAPs must include: ▪ List the chronological steps in implementation of the RAP, including identification of agencies responsible for each activity and with a brief explanation of each activity; ▪ Target dates for start and completion of civil works; ▪ Timetables for transfers of completed civil works to PAPs; ▪ Dates of possession of land that PAPs are using (this date must be after transfer date for completed civil works to PAPs and for payments of all compensation); ▪ Describe the linkage between resettlement implementation and initiation of civil works for each of the project components. ▪ Prepare a month-by-month implementation schedule (using a Gantt chart, for example) of activities to be undertaken as part of resettlement implementation; When approving recommendations for resettlement during screening, PAPs must confirm that the resettlement plans contain acceptable measures that link resettlement activity to civil works, in compliance with WB Performance Standard 5. Proper timing and coordination of the civil works shall ensure that no affected persons will be displaced (economically orphysically) due to civil works activity, before compensation is paid and before any project activity can begin. The organizational procedures for delivery of entitlements show the procedures to be adopted in the delivery of entitlements for PAPs. EEP will facilitate organizational procedures for delivery of entitlements according the FDRE Proclamation No. 455/2005 and WB Performance Standard 5 on Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement. The principle of replacement cost will apply for the compensation of project affected asset and property. Woreda Administrations, municipalities and rural Keble Administrations; will provide all administrative and organizational procedures for the delivery of entitlements for PAPS in consultation with IPP project office. Compensation payments will be made either in cash or transferred to their account following Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 48 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) agreement to be made with individual PAPs. Disbursements will be ensured by the IPP project office and will take place in the presence of the compensation committee. 8.4.Relocation Assistance Relocation assistance should be provided to people who are physically displaced by a project. Assistance may include transportation, food, shelter, and social services that are provided to affected people during the relocation to their new site. Additional measures, such as the provision of emergency health care, should be designed for vulnerable groups during physical relocation, particularly pregnant women, children, the elderly, and the handicapped. Assistance may also include cash allowances that compensate affected people for the inconvenience associated with resettlement and defray the expenses of relocating to a new location, such as moving and lost workdays. 8.5.Livelihood Restoration The WB Performance Standard 5 requires that displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre- displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. ‘Livelihood’ refers to the capacity to gain a sustainable living – a flow of income and wealth accumulation – from a wide range of natural and social resources. Livelihood improvement, therefore, is not accomplished by compensation for lost assets. The Standard states that the displaced should become net beneficiaries of the project that is displacing them, over and above any general benefits accruing to the nation or overall community from the project.The project will implement the following strategies to assist PAPs, in addition to compensation for their asset losses, to improve/restore their livelihood because of implementation of subprojects: ✓ Capacity building training on businesses which they want to engage; ✓ Technical support in Business Plan Preparation, and implementation of the businesses; and ✓ Follow up, supervision and monitoring of the implementation of business. Compensation alone does not guarantee the restoration or improvement of the livelihoods and social welfare of displaced households and communities. Restoration and improvement of livelihoods often may include many interconnected assets such as access to land (productive, fallow, and pasture), marine and aquatic resources (fish stocks), access to social networks, access to natural resources such as timber and non-timber forest products, medicinal plants, hunting and gathering grounds, grazing and cropping areas, fresh water, as well as employment, and capital. Major challenges associated with rural resettlement include restoring livelihoods based on land or natural resource use and the need to avoid compromising the social or cultural continuity of Affected Communities, including the host communities to which the displaced population may be resettled. Resettlement in urban or peri-urban areas typically affects housing, employment, and enterprises. A major challenge associated with urban resettlement is the restoration of wage-based or enterprise-based livelihoods that are often tied to location (such as proximity to jobs, customers and markets). The following are summary recommendations for the design of measures to improve and or restore livelihoods that are land-based, wage-based and enterprise-based: ▪ Land-based livelihoods: Depending on the type of economic displacement and/or the site to which affected women and men are relocated, they may benefit from: (i) assistance in acquiring or accessing replacement land, including access to grazing land, fallow land, forest, fuel and water resources; (ii) physical preparation of farm land (e.g., clearing, leveling, access routes and soil stabilization); (iii) Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 49 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) fencing for pasture or cropland; (iv) agricultural inputs (e.g., seeds, seedlings, fertilizer, irrigation); (v) veterinary care; (vi) small-scale credit, including rice banks, cattle banks and cash loans; and (vii) access to markets (e.g., through transportation means and improved access to information about market opportunities). ▪ Wage-based livelihoods: Wage earners in the affected households and communities may benefit from skills training and job placement, provisions made in contracts with project sub-contractors for temporary or longer term employment of local workers, and small-scale credit to finance start-up enterprises. Wage earners whose income is interrupted during physical displacement should receive a resettlement allowance that covers these and other hidden costs. Affected women and men should be given equal opportunities to benefit from such provisions. The location of resettlement housing, in the case of physically displaced persons, can be a significant contributing factor toward socio-economic stability. Careful consideration must be given to the ability of wage earners to continue to access their place(s) of work during and after resettlement; if this ability is impaired then mitigation measures need to be implemented to ensure continuity and avoid a net loss in welfare for affected households and communities. ▪ Enterprise-based livelihoods: Established and start-up entrepreneurs and artisans may benefit from credit or training (e.g., business planning, marketing, inventory and quality control) to expand their business and generate local employment. The IPP can promote local enterprise by procuring goods and services for their projects from local suppliers. 8.6.Special Restoration Measures for Vulnerable Groups/PAPs The income restoration measures will also target the vulnerable groups to ensure that they are reasonably assisted to overcome potential economic shock from the project, and maintain the quality of life not less than their pre-project state; because they are at higher risk than others based on their vulnerability status. The type of livelihood restoration suitable to each PAP will be identified by the resettlement committee in consultation with PAPs. As minimum indicator to be considered, PAPs level of education, age and present means of livelihood should be assessed. Special Assistance for Vulnerable Groups Vulnerable or “at-risk” groups include people who, by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage or social status may be more diversely affected by displacement than others and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related development benefits. Vulnerable groups in the context of displacement also include people living below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children-headed households, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation or land titling legislation. These groups should be identified either through the process of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (Performance Standard 1) or through the social baseline studies component of resettlement planning. Special measures may include focus groups with vulnerable and at-risk groups; ensuring that resettlement committees include members of vulnerable, at-risk and disadvantaged groups. In some cases special efforts must be made to ensure that vulnerable members have access to consultation events or discussion forums. Persons identified as vulnerable should be assisted to fully understand their options for resettlement and compensation, and encouraged to choose the option with the lowest risk. Special Assistance for Women Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 50 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Women comprise a disproportionatelylarge number of the poor in most countries. Gender discrimination limitswomen’s access to resources, opportunities, and public services necessary to improvethe standard of living for themselves and their families. As a result, women are often thefirst to suffer when resettlement is planned or executed badly. Women tend to rely moreheavily than men do on informal support networks, such as the help of friends, neighbors,or relatives for child care. Women with children also have less physical mobility totravel to find ways of earning a livelihood. For these reasons, the project implementing agency/ IPP’s efforts tomaintain the social continuity of communities affected by a project—whether throughthe physical design of new sites, measures to prevent the disintegration of the communityor the provision of specialized social services at those sites are important. Someof the immediate and practical initiatives that can be considered to improve women’sadaptation to the resettlement site include: ▪ ensuring that land titles and compensation entitlements are issued in the nameof both spouses; ▪ reducing women’s workloads by providing, for example, standpipes, handpumps, grinding mills, woodlots, fuel efficient stoves, ox carts, and plows; ▪ improving health services by providing training for village midwives, primaryhealth care centers, child spacing/family planning counseling, clean water supply,and sanitation training; ▪ improving family services by providing immunizations, child care for wage earning women, primary schools, inputs for food-crop production, and housing; and ▪ increasing incomes by setting up credit groups, skills training, and access to markets. 9. ASSET VALUATION 9.1.General Principles The following are general principles to be followed by REGREP: i. all compensation will be at full replacement cost/value; ii. depreciation and salvage value will not be deducted from the compensation; iii. PAPs will be allowed to salvage the materials; iv) market price used will be current market price; and iv. for large time gaps between preparation of compensations and payment of compensations, inflation will be indexed in the valuation method followed. 9.2.Method of Asset Valuation The Implementing Agency/IPP will employ two methods, which can be used to conduct valuation of properties for PAPs. These are replacement cost and compensation cost. 9.2.1. Replacement Cost The replacement cost approach is based on the premise that the costs of replacing productive assets that have been damaged because of project activities or improper on-site management can be measured. These costs are taken as a minimum estimate of the value of measures that will reduce the damage or improve on-site management practices and thereby prevent damage. The approach involves direct replacement of expropriated assets at market value and covers an amount that is sufficient for asset replacement, net depreciation, moving expenses and other transaction costs. This minimum value is then compared to the cost of the new measures. Within the project, this is arrived at by analyzing current construction costs relative to design, materials employed, workmanship and final finish of the subject properties. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 51 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Replacement cost is defined as the market value of the assets plus transaction costs. In applying this method of valuation, depreciation of structures and assets should not be taken into account. Market value is defined as the value required allowing Affected Communities and persons to replace lost assets with assets of similar value. The valuation method for determining replacement cost should be documented and included in applicable Resettlement and/or Livelihood Restoration plans. With regard to land and structures, "replacement cost" is referred as follows: For Agricultural Land: Where land used for growing crops or a protected grass or pastoral land is expropriated for public purpose,the possessor of such land shall, as much as possible be provided with a plot of land capable of serving similar purpose. Where a replacement land has been provided in accordance with article 15 of 135/2007 regulationwith respect to expropriated land use for crops or perennial crop, displacement compensation equivalent to the following amount, shall be paid. The amount of displacement compensation payable with respect to land used for growing crops or perennial crop shall, were it is impossible to provide replacement land in accordance with article 15 of this regulation, be ten times the price of the average yield of crops or perennial crops obtained from the land. For Urban Land: ▪ Compensation of assets in urban will be based on the principle of at full replacement cost.. Replacement land will be provided on areas with similar or improved public infrastructure facilities and services andin the vicinity of the affected land, and ▪ The cost of any registration and transfer taxes. For Houses and Other Structures: ▪ It is the market cost of the materials to build a replacement structure with an area and quality similar to or better than the affected structure, ▪ The cost of transporting building materials to the construction site, ▪ The cost of any labor and contractors' fees, and ▪ The cost of any registration and transfer taxes. In case of temporary loss of assets, services and livelihood the compensation cost will be determined through a consultative process with the PAPs. Where domestic law does not meet the standard of compensation at full replacement cost, compensation under domestic law is supplemented by additional measures so as to meet the replacement cost standard. 9.2.2. Basis of Valuation The basis of valuation is Gross Current Replacement Cost (GCRC). Gross Current Replacement Cost is defined as the estimated cost, based on market value of erecting a building as new having the same gross external area as that of the existing with the site works and services on a similar piece of land and also lost income. The valuation process will also consider the use of “compensation value” for affected properties. “Compensation value” is defined as “the amount to be paid to the leaseholder, based on current market Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 52 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) price at replacement cost, including the costs for the inconvenience caused to the PAPs and to enable the same leaseholders to build slightly better houses than what they currently occupy”. Principle of Compensation The compensation of lost assets and properties is based on the willingness of owners of a resource to give up their rights to that resource. In general, the issue of compensation will address four questions: what to compensate for (e.g. land, structures, business, fixed improvements or temporary impacts, lost income); how to compensate; when to compensate; and how much to compensate. Following EEP’s practice, compensation is only paid to the PAPs aftera written consent is given by the PAPs. Compensation for land structures, business, fixed improvements and other temporary impacts are based on, among other things, market valuation, productivity valuation, negotiated settlements, material and labor valuation, disposition of salvage materials and other fees paid. It should be noted that of legal title will not be a bar to compensation and all PAPs regardless of having legal title will get compensation. If there is a need to relocate business, or deny access to customers the lost income need to be compensated. In addition, workers losing employment in the process of relocating should get transitional income support. Compensation for temporary impacts should include but not be limited to the following: ▪ Compensation equivalent to lost income required for the duration of impact; ▪ Compensation equivalent to lost income required for loss of access; and, ▪ Physical restoration of assets (or access) required prior to return. In addition, PAPs will be entitled to transitional assistance which includes moving expenses, temporary residence (if necessary), employment training and income support. 9.2.3. Establishment of Property Valuation Committees andCompensation Procedures EEP, in consultation with Woreda Administration offices and Municipalities shall establish a Property Valuation Committee. The establishment of a property valuation committee will be in line with Proclamation No. 455/2005, Article 10. The following are proposed valuation committee members either in rural or urban areas. In rural areas the valuation and compensation committee members may include: 1) Woreda Administrator 2) Agriculture and Rural development office head 3) Kebele Administrator 4) Representative of PAPs 5) Kebele development agent In urban areas: 1) Head of the Municipality or Urban Administration 2) Town planner/surveyor 3) Representative of PAPs Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 53 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 4) Representative of the project implementation office The amount of compensation will be determined according to Proclamation No. 455/2005, Part 3, Article 7. The amount of compensation will be paid at a replacement cost and also taking into account World Bank requirements. All compensations will be effected ahead the start of the civil works. The environmental and social unit of the project office will carry out household census of project affected persons and identify the impact and affected property. The following methodology and procedures are suggested for the valuation of compensation rates for crops and trees. Cash compensation will be paid for loss of crops and trees that are found on the land that has been acquired. The relevant agricultural office of the locality under consideration establishes the compensation rates. In accordance with the EEP procedures and in consultations with Woreda Administrations, the project office and EEP execute the expropriation and the compensation for the loss of crops and trees. The decisions taken will be, as is the practice, documented with meeting protocols and receipts upon payment. The documents will, as usual, be available at municipalities and Woreda government offices and at EEP. ▪ The amount of compensation for crops shall be calculated by multiplying the amount of yield that would have been collected from the land at maturity by the current market price of the crops and multiplied by ten ▪ The owner of ripe crops may lieu of compensation harvest and collect the crops within the period fixed pursuant to article 4 of the proclamation. ▪ Compensation for trees will be based on level of growth of the trees and the current local price per square meter or per unit. ▪ The owner of trees may in lieu of compensation cut and collect the trees within the period fixed pursuant to article 4 of the proclamation. ▪ The amount of compensation for a building shall be determined on the basis of the current cost per square meter or unit for constructing a comparable building. ▪ Compensation procedures and rates for loss of houses and other structures are established in consultations between EEP, municipalities, Woreda Administrations, Kebele Administrations and PAPs. The process and the necessary actions to be taken will be concluded after consultations with Woreda Administrations and EEP. 10. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 10.1. Eligibility Criteria for Various Categories of PAPs The involuntary taking of land results in relocation or loss of shelter; and loss of assets or access to assets or loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the PAPs must move to another location or not. Meaningful consultations with the affected persons, local authorities and community leaders will Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 54 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) therefore allow for establishment of criteria by which displaced persons will be deemed eligible for compensation and other resettlement assistance. Article 44(2) of the 1995 Constitution and Proclamation No 455/2005 of FDRE give entitlement only to those who have formal legal rights over their holdings (properties).They will only qualify for the compensation if they occupy the project area prior to a cut-off date established by the Compensation and Resettlement Committees. To ensure the interest of project affected persons and mitigating the negative impacts of the REGREP projects, this RPF will be based on the existing national laws on expropriation and compensation payments and WBPerformance Standard 5, for land acquisition and involuntary resettlement. Displacement Displaced persons may be classified as persons: (i) who have formal legal rights to the land orassets they occupy or use; (ii) who do not have formal legal rights to land or assets, but have a claimto land that is recognized or recognizable under national law; or (iii) who have no recognizable legalright or claim to the land or assets they occupy or use. The census will establish the status of thedisplaced persons. Project-related land acquisition and/or restrictions on land use may result in the physical displacement of people as well as their economic displacement. Consequently, requirements of WB PS 5 in respect of physical and economic displacement may applysimultaneously. Physical Displacement In the case of physical displacement, IPP will develop a Resettlement Action Plan thatcovers, at a minimum, the applicable requirements WB PS 5 regardless of thenumber of people affected. This will include compensation at full replacement cost for land and otherassets lost. The Plan will be designed to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement; identifydevelopment opportunities; develop a resettlement budget and schedule; and establish theentitlements of all categories of affected persons (including host communities). Particular attentionwill be paid to the needs of the poor and the vulnerable. IPP will document all transactions toacquire land rights, as well as compensation measures and relocation activities. If people living in the project area are required to move to another location, IPP will (i) offerdisplaced persons choices among feasible resettlement options, including adequate replacementhousing or cash compensation where appropriate; and (ii) provide relocation assistance suited to theneeds of each group of displaced persons. New resettlement sites built for displaced persons mustoffer improved living conditions. The displaced persons’ preferences with respect to relocating inpreexisting communities and groups will be taken into consideration. Existing social and culturalinstitutions of the displaced persons and any host communities will be respected. Economic Displacement In the case of subprojects involving economic displacement only, IPP will develop a LivelihoodRestoration Plan to compensate affected persons and/or communities and offer other assistance thatmeet the objectives of WB PS 5. The Livelihood Restoration Plan will establish theentitlements of affected persons and/or communities and will ensure that these are provided in atransparent, consistent, Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 55 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) and equitable manner. The mitigation of economic displacement will beconsidered complete when affected persons or communities have received compensation and otherassistance according to the requirements of the Livelihood Restoration Plan and WB PS 5, and are deemed to have been provided with adequate opportunity to reestablish their livelihoods. If land acquisition or restrictions on land use result in economic displacement defined as loss ofassets and/or means of livelihood, regardless of whether or not the affected people are physicallydisplaced, the IPP will meet the requirements of WB PS 5, as applicable (in considering section 8.5. of this RPF- Livelihood Restoration). Economically displaced persons who face loss of assets or access to assets will becompensated for such loss at full replacement cost.In addition, as required by WB PS 5, economicallydisplaced persons whose livelihoods or income levels are adversely affected will also be providedopportunities to improve, or at least restore, their means of income-earning capacity, productionlevels, and standards of living. On the other hand, transitional support should be provided as necessary to all economically displaced persons,based on a reasonable estimate of the time required to restore their livelihood. 10.1.1. Eligibility for Land According to WB PS 5 and national Proclamation No. 455/2005, article 8 sub-articles 3 and 4, land for land compensation will be applied to PAPs who might lose their land and those whose livelihoods are based on agriculture/land based livelihoods. This is done only for those who have formal legal rights over the land. Persons who encroach on the area after the cut-off date are not entitled to compensation or any other form of resettlement assistance. PAPs who are entitled for compensation under the Ethiopian legislation and as per WB PS 5 (in case of differences between the Ethiopian laws and WB PS, the later will prevail) will be compensated for the improvements and assets on the land they lose, and other assistance ensuring that they are (i) informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement, (ii) consulted and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement and (iii) provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets attributable directly to the project. 10.1.2. Eligibility for Community Compensation It is important to note that the eligibility may also be claimed collectively, e.g. as a community or religious group, when the assets lost are of communal property or use (discussed in detail in section 2.1.5. of this RPF). Individuals or families can claim individual eligibility for loss of assets of a private nature to that individual or household. Communities on communal land that permanently lose land and/or access to assets and or resources under statutory or customary rights will be eligible for compensation. Example of community compensation could be for public toilets, market places, schools buildings and health centers, religious institutions, or access to alternative source of natural resources to restore their livelihoods. The rationale for this is to ensure that the pre-project socio-economic status of communities where adversely impacted, is also restored. According to studies5, in Ethiopia, apart from the formal rules and regulations, there are some costmary 5 Resettlement Policy Framework, Ministry of Peace, Lowland Livelihoods Resilience Project (LLRP), 2018; A Social Assessment Report on the Alalobad-Tendaho Geothermal Power Development Project, EEP, 2014; and Formal and Informal Land Tenure Systems in Afar Region, Ethiopia-Perceptions, attitudes and implications for land use disputes, KelemeworkTafereReda, 2014 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 56 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) practices over land use, ownership and administration for some regional states like Afar and Ethiopian Somali Regional States. There are common pool resources such as pasture for grazing, water resources (rivers, streams and lakes) and forests. Traditionally, these resources are managed through customary tenure systems. Within boundaries of the commons, the rights to common resources are vested in groups or communities that claim legitimacy to customary laws. Boundaries are closely defined. Rules are set that govern access, modality of utilization, distribution of benefits, and transfer of use rights. Non- members are excluded except where there is a negotiated reciprocal arrangement. Clan land often comprises strategic resources such as grazing areas including dry season retreats, browsing resources, and water points. In addition, each clan has also communal graveyards, settlement areas and ritual sites. Based on these customary institutions, every member of the clan, by default, has the right to use the fruits of his clan’s land once he has the livestock to utilize the resources. For losses that cannot be easily valued or compensated in monetary terms (e.g. access to public services, grazing areas, water points, fishing ponds, etc.), an attempt will be made to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and earning opportunities (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 7(2) and provisions of WB PS 5, in case of differences between the Ethiopian laws and WB PS, the later will prevail). Thus, IPPs who will be involved in proposed REGREP activities should closely work with EEP, Woreda Administration and the Regional Land Use and Administration Bureau. The mandate of a Woreda administration in this regard provided for in article 3 (1) of Proclamation No.P455/2005 as follows: A Woreda or an urban administration shall have, up on payment in advance of compensation in accordance with this proclamation, the power to expropriate rural or urban land holdings for public purpose where it believes that it should be used for a better development project to be carried out by public entities, private investors, cooperative societies or other organs, or where such expropriation has been decided by the appropriate higher regional or federal government organ for the same purpose. 10.1.3. Eligibility for Loss of Property/Assets This includes loss of houses, crops and trees, structures, fixed improvements, businesses which should be compensated at full replacement cost, i.e. the market value of the assets plus transaction costs. PAPs that lose their property or assets will be compensated as per the following national legislations and WB PS 5: 1. Proclamation No 455/2005 Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation which establishes the legal principles and framework for expropriation and compensation. 2. Council of Ministers Regulations No. 135/2007, on the Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings Expropriated for Public Purposes which provide the procedures for application of Proclamation No 455/2005 and, 3. Requirements made on WB Performance Standard 5, for Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement. 4. In case of differences between the Ethiopian laws and WB PS, the later will prevail. 5. According to Proclamation No 455/2005 and WB PS 5, for PAPs who lose their property, will be compensated for the property they lost including for permanent improvements he/she made to such land. The amount of compensation for property situated on the expropriated land shall be determined on the basis of replacement cost of the property. The cost of removal, transportation and erection shall be paid as compensation for a property that could be relocated and continue its service as before. Displacement cost Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 57 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) will also be compensated for the property situated on the expropriated land. 10.2. Displaced persons without legal title In accordance to WB PS 5, persons with no recognizable legal right or claim are not entitled to compensation for land, but they should be compensated for the structures that they own and occupy (such as dwellings, crops, irrigation infrastructure, etc.), and for any other improvements to land at full replacement cost. In addition, they should be offered resettlement assistance sufficient to restore their standards of living at a suitable alternative site. Options for resettlement assistance should be generated through consultation with such displaced persons and reflect their priorities and preferences. In this basis, the IPP will provide relocation assistance sufficient for them to restore their standard of living at an adequate alternative site. These provisions apply to persons who are occupying the project area prior to the cut-off date. The IPP is not required to compensate or assist opportunistic settlers who encroach on the project area after the cut-off date for eligibility. In cases where project-related land acquisition results in loss of livelihoods or income of those without any legal title or legally recognized or recognizable claim to land, they are normally entitled to a range of assistance, including compensation for lost assets and any structures on land, as well as targeted assistance and transitional support. The nature and extent of such assistance will in part depend on whether the livelihood of those affected is land-based, wage-based, or enterprise-based (see section 8.5. of this RPF). Land-based compensation in these circumstances does not necessarily mean title to land, but may include continued access to land under similar tenure arrangements to enable the affected people to maintain their land-based livelihoods. It will be necessary to tailor compensation and entitlement options to the needs of the displaced. In order to ensure that displaced persons who do not have legal title are not adversely affected by REGREP activities, they will be enabled to maintain their livelihood and can be assisted in such a way as: ✓ Capacity building training on different technologies, and technical support to participate/engage on different livelihood activities; ✓ Participate on different income generating/livelihood activities that the project will create; ✓ Create access to finance/credit to participate/engage on different livelihood activities. 10.3. Compensation for temporary losses According to Proclamation 455/2005, Article 8 (2) and WB PS 5, a rural landholder or holders of common land whose landholding has been provisionally expropriated, shall be paid until repossession of the land, compensation for lost income based on the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 58 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 10.4. Entitlement Matrix for Various Categories of PAPs Based on the comparison between Ethiopian Land Law and WB PS 5, an entitlement matrix is designed (Table 10-1). This bridges the gaps between the requirements under Ethiopian Law and the WB PS and ensures that in cases of differences in the provisions of the two sets of laws and standards, the WB Performance Standard will prevail. The missing values in the entitlement matrix will be determined at the time the resettlement plans for RAPs are being negotiated and prepared. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 59 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Table 10-2: Entitlement Matrix Land and Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Assets Agricultural • Less than 20% of land holding affected • Title holder • Cash compensation for affected land equivalent to replacement value land • Land remains economically viable. • Tenant/ lease holder • Cash compensation for the harvest or product from the affected land or asset, equivalent to ten times the average annual income s/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. • Greaterthan 20% of land holding lost • Farmer/ Title holder • Land for land replacement where feasible, or compensation in cash for the entire • Land does not remain economically viable. landholding according to PAP’s choice. • Land for land replacement will be in terms of a new parcel of land of equivalent size and productivity with a secure tenure status at an available location which is acceptable to PAPs. Transfer of the land to PAPs shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature) • Tenant/Lease holder • Cash compensation equivalent to ten times the average annual income s/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature ) • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance). Commercial • Land used for business partially affected • Title holder/ business owner • Cash compensation for affected land land • Limited loss • Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 5% of net annual income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist). • Business owner is lease holder • Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 10% of net annual income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist) • Assetsused for business severely affected • Title holder/ business owner • Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to PAP’s choice. Land for land replacement will be provided in terms of a new parcel of land of • If partially affected, the remaining assets become equivalent size and market potential with a secured tenure status at an available insufficient for business purposes location which is acceptable to the PAP. • Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) • Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates) Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 60 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Land and Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Assets • Business person is lease holder • Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher. • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting) • Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property (for a maximum of 6 months) to reestablish the business. Residential • Land used for residence partially affected, • Title holder • Cash compensation for affected land land limited loss • Remaining land viable for present use. • Rental/lease holder • Cash compensation equivalent to 10% of lease/ rental fee for the remaining period of rental/ lease agreement (written or verbal) • Title holder • Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to PAP’s choice. • Land for land replacement shall be of minimum plot of acceptable size under the zoning law/ s or a plot of equivalent size, whichever is larger, in either the community or a nearby resettlement area with adequate physical and social infrastructure systems as well as secured tenure status. • When the affected holding is larger than the relocation plot, cash compensation to cover the difference in value. • Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) • Land and assets used for residence severely • Rental/lease holder • Refund of any lease/ rental fees paid for time/ use after date of removal affected • Cash compensation equivalent to 3 months of lease/ rental fee • Remaining area insufficient for continued use or • Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property becomes smaller than minimally accepted under • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) zoning laws Buildings and • Structures are partially affected • Owner • Cash compensation for affected building and other fixed assets structures • Cash assistance to cover costs of restoration of the remaining structure • Remaining structures viable for continued use • Rental/lease holder • Cash compensation for affected assets (verifiable improvements to the property by the tenant). • Disturbance compensation equivalent to two months rental costs • Entire structures are affected or partially affected • Owner • Cash compensation for entire structure and other fixed assets without depreciation, or • Remaining structures not suitable for continued alternative structure of equal or better size and quality in an available location which use is acceptable to the PAP. • Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 61 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Land and Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Assets • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) • Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training) • Rental/lease holder • Cash compensation for affected assets (verifiable improvements to the property by the tenant) • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance equivalent to four months rental costs) • Assistance to help find alternative rental arrangements • Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training) • Squatter/informal dweller • Cash compensation for affected structure without depreciation • Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance to find alternative secure accommodation preferably in the community of residence through involvement of the project • Alternatively, assistance to find accommodation in rental housing or in a squatter settlement scheme, if available) • Rehabilitation assistance if required assistance with job placement, skills training) • Street vendor (informal without • Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax title or lease to the stall or shop) records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher. • Relocation assistance (costs of shifting) • Assistance to obtain alternative site to re- establish the business. Standing • Crops affected by land acquisition or temporary • PAP (whether owner, tenant, or • Cash compensation equivalent to ten times the average annual income s/he secured crops acquisition or easement squatter) during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. Trees • Trees lost • Title holder • Cash compensation based on type, age and productive value of affected trees plus 10% premium Temporary • Temporary acquisition • PAP (whether owner, tenant, or • Cash compensation for any assets affected (e. g. boundary wall demolished, trees acquisition squatter) removed) Impacts on • Loss of graves located in the REGREP projects • Head of household of affected The family (probably via the head of the household) to which a grave relates, will Cultural implementation site. grave receive compensation for the loss of the grave, using compensation rates established by Heritage the Woreda Valuation Committee (based on the replacement value of the grave, and taken into account the design of the grave, as well as costs of relocation and reburial including an allowance for a reburial ceremony and religious services). IPP will also provide for transport of relocated graves to the reburial site and assistance in undertaking the reburial. IPP will provide compensation to cover the cost of a ceremony, if required, to mark the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 62 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Land and Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Assets creation of the new graveyard. • Impacts • Vulnerable groups, associated with land • Identified vulnerable groups in • Special measures for effective participation, compensation, assistance and livelihood on acquisition for the Project, identified during the line with WB definitions. restoration will be defined in the RAP. This is to ensure food security during this Vulnerable development of the RAP. transitional period. Additional assistance will also be offered to particularly Persons, vulnerable individuals and households during and after relocation. Households and Groups Impacts on • • • Loss of sources of income and livelihoods Owners or users of land affected Depending on the severity of impact on the livelihoods of the affected households, Livelihoods from loss of land and/ or loss or disruption of by the Project whose income or livelihood restoration interventions will be designed to ensure that affected persons business income. livelihood is impacted by Project are not worse off in the long run, and if possible have improved livelihoods and • land access. standards of living. Measures will be designed in close consultation with PAPs and • stakeholders at different levels (Woreda to Federal). The RAP document will provide further details on the planned livelihood restoration measures once the impacts on household’s livelihoods are assessed and appropriate support measures identified. IPP will assist in the provision of materials, training for alternative livelihood options, provision of crop seeds and seedlings for economic trees, etc as per the requirment WB PS 5, and this RPF framework. Impact on Loss of grazing land • Owners or users of grazing land • For permanent loss of grazing land. cash compensation for protected grasses on grazing land affected by the Project affected land for ten years. The amount of compensation for protected grass shall be determined based on the productivity of the land and the current market price of the grass per square meter as outlined in the Council of Ministers Regulation No. 135/2007. • Provide replacement grazing land of same productive value of grazing land lost at location acceptable to PAPs where feasible. • Transfer of the grazing land to the PAPs shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 63 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 10.5. Method to Determine Cut-Off Dates The cut-off date is the time when the affected persons and their properties are assessed. No person will be eligible for houses built and crops sown in the project area after the census and inventory of assets.The establishment of a cut-off date is required to prevent opportunistic invasions/rush migration into the chosen land areas thereby posing a risk. Therefore, establishment of a cut-off date is of critical importance. This RPF has applied a cut-off- date procedure in line with international standards, which is defined as the date of completion of census and asset inventory of PAPs who will be affected by REGREP projects activities. Once the project has been legally approved and a permit provided, a RAP will be prepared (if required) that may result in involuntary resettlement. As part of the RAP, a census will be undertaken to identify cut-off-date for eligibility for resettlement and compensation. The site specific RAP to be developed for the projects under REGEREP is required to document the cut-off- date used. It is key, therefore, that this date is fully communicated to all potential PAPs in the affected project area with sufficient time for these people to ensure their availability for the Census. The potential PAPs will be informed through both formal notification in writing and by verbal notification delivered in the presence of the community leaders or their representatives. The PAPs will be informed that no payment of compensation with respect to any construction or improvement to building, any crops sown, perennial crops planted or any improvement on land where such activity is done after PAP’s census and inventory of their assets. This shall be discussed during consultation meetings and minutes of meetings shall be prepared and signed. As indicated in WB Performance Standard 5 that the IPP is not required to compensate or assist opportunistic settlers who encroach on the project area after the cut-off date for eligibility. The IPP should nevertheless accommodate individuals or groups who are not present at the time of registration but who have a legitimate claim to membership of the Affected Community. Such groups might include absent family members engaged in migrant wage labor or nomadic pastoralists who use local resources on a seasonal basis. 10.6. Land Tenure According to Proclamation No. 455/2005, part one, article 3, " Land holder means an individual, government or private organization or any other organ which has legal personality and has lawful possession over the land to be expropriated and owns property situated thereon". In the same Proclamation, part two, article 3(1), clearly states"A Woreda or an Urban Administration shall, upon payment in advance of compensation in accordance with this proclamation, have the power to expropriate rural or urban land holdings for public purpose where it believes that it should be used for a better development project to be carried out by public entities, private investors, cooperative societies or other organs or where such expropriation has been decided by the appropriate higher Regional or Federal government organ for the same purpose". Non-owners like renters and business are eligible for resettlement and other assistance in finding a new location, compensation at replacement value for any immovable assets, compensation for loss of income during transition, assistance for physical transfer and follow-up services. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 64 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 10.7. Relocation PAPs will be relocated preferably in their own land holdings or in a place close to the area where they were residing. The RAP will address the requirement for residential plots and will be implemented with full participation of PAPs and the community. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 65 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 11. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) Grievance redressing mechanism is designed in view of the fact that REGREP activities may upset the existing balance in society. The resettlement operation will touch upon property issues, means of livelihood, and organization of social and spatial aspects that influence proximity to a set of environmental, economic, social, and spiritual assets. Therefore, the grievance redressing system is designed in such a way that it functions in a flexible manner and the implementing agency/IPPhas to incline to a pro-poor approach in all its decisions. The GRM will have a working place and adequate budget for implementation. Grievances will be actively managed and tracked to ensure that appropriate resolution and actions are taken. A clear timeframeshall be defined for resolving grievances, ensuring that they are addressed in an appropriate and timely manner, with corrective actions being implemented, if appropriate, and the complainant being informed of the outcome. The purpose of a Grievance redressing mechanism is to establish a way for individuals, groups, or communities affected by the REGREP activities to contact responsible body if having an enquiry, a concern, or a formal complaint. Grievance handling mechanism should address affected persons’ concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all segments of the affected population. Grievances may arise from members of communities who are dissatisfied with (i) the eligibility criteria, (ii) community planning and resettlement measures, (iii) actual implementation, or (iv)issues related to environmental and social concerns. This section sets out the procedures to be used to manage grievances. The grievance procedure does not replace existing legal processes. Based on consensus, the procedures will seek to resolve issues quickly in order to expedite the receipt of entitlements, without resorting to expensive and time-consuming legal actions. If the grievance procedure fails to provide a result, complainants can still seek legal redress procedure. According to Proclamation No.455/2005, Article11, subarticle1: “In rural areas and in urban centers where an administrative organ to hear grievances related to urban land holding is not yet established, a complaint relating to the amount of compensation shall be submitted to the regular court having jurisdiction.” In urban areas, a PAP who is dissatisfied with the amount of compensation may complain to an administrative organ and if the PAP is still not satisfied, may appeal to the regular appellate court or municipal appellate court within thirty days from the date of the decision. The grievance redressing procedure is developed to meet Ethiopian government legal requirements relating to grievance resolution and international requirements for grievance management and is in line with WB’s Performance Standards. A local Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be established, consisting of representatives from PAPs, EEP representative, representative of the IPP, representative from City Municipality/ Woreda/ Kebele Administration, Woreda Justice Office, elders or influential personalities other than the aggrieved persons, and the Church/Mosque Administration. The Committee will be headed by City/Woreda Administrator. Grievances should be settled amicably whenever possible.. However, if the resolution of a case requires additional payment or any form of relocation of resources, the report shall be sent to the appropriate administrative executive for consideration. If the administrator agrees to the recommendation, Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 66 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) he/she shall instruct the resettlement Unit/ Department in the IPP office to implement the amended provision. On the other hand, if complainant is not satisfied by the recommendation of the GRC, the aggrieved party may be advised to pursue the case in a formal court system. Under the proposed REGREP, a set of forms are developed to be used for recording grievances and to the actions taken are prepared, as listed below (will be translated in local languages). The specific forms to manage grievances are attached in Annex 8. a) Grievance Statement Form b) Grievance Receipt Acknowledgement Form c) Grievance Investigation Form d) Grievance Investigation Outcome Form The grievance mechanism applies to all complaints related to NSSWEDP activities; and comprised of the following steps: Outline of REGREP Grievance Redress Mechanism Steps ➢ Step 1 – Receive and Record Compliant(using the Grievance Receipt Standard Form). The grievance shall also be registeredin a ledger/ log book at the project site. ➢ Step 2 – Review Complaint and Allocate Actions(Complaints are screened and actions then be allocated to investigate and resolve grievance or refer matter to next level) ➢ Step 3 – Notify Complainant of Proposed Resolution (notify the complainant that the complaint has been received, how it is being dealt with, by whom and an approximate estimate of how long the process might take(this must happen within 7 days). ➢ Step 4 – Take Action and Update Complainant (undertake the proposed actions for resolution and update complainant when it is complete). ➢ Step 5 – Close out & Lessons Learnt(occurs when both parties are happy with proposed solution). ➢ Step 6 – Update Project Grievance Records (ongoing) (using standard forms, grievances will be maintained and stored including for information for any outstanding actions) ➢ Step 7 – Reporting (to concerned/ defined parties). A detailed feedback and grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be prepared by the IPPs. It will ensure that the grievance mechanism will include the necessary procedures for disclosure and resolution of environmental and social related grievances of each Project. The grievance mechanism will detail procedures on how grievances related to proposed program activities are dealt with, including how, when and where project information is disclosed, who will receive and respond to grievances, when grievances are referred to higher levels, and how grievances are ideally resolved. It is anticipated that the grievance mechanism will contain procedures for addressing grievances at different levels, including at Kebele, Woreda, zone, region, and national level with multiple lines of reporting and special attention to grievance channels for vulnerable groups. In case of any request, it is anticipated that grievances can be put forward both in writing and orally. Based on the Bank’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS), project-affected communities and individuals Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 67 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) may submit complaints regarding a Bank-financed project to the project grievance redress mechanism, appropriate local grievance mechanism, or the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS). Table 11-1:Procedure to be followed by REGREP GRM Step Description of the Step ▪ IPP-E&SUnit/Department will be the focal point for receipt of complaints; however, EEP and/or other stakeholders (who have been provided with forms and a log book by the project) can also register grievances Step 1: Receive and Record Complaint at the project site. ▪ All project staff at the IPP office will also be made aware of how to either receive a grievance directly or forward to the responsible body in the office. ▪ Complaints will be recorded as soon as possible, using the Grievance Statement Form (Annex 8- A) which is a carbon copy form, allowing records to be retained by the complainant also. Where grievance forms are not immediately available, efforts will be made to record the grievance as soon as practicable thereafter. ▪ For each complaint registered, a written receipt of complaint acknowledgement will be made within a maximum of seven (7) calendar days. This will be done using the Grievance Receipt Acknowledgement Form (Annex 8- B). If information is already available at this point as to how it is being dealt with, by whom and an approximate estimate of how long the process might take; this will also be included in the acknowledgement, otherwise this information will be provided within a maximum of 15 calendar days based on the proposals for resolution generated in Step 2 onward. ▪ Each grievance will be registered as an entry into the grievance log book with a unique reference number, supported by the full information on the Grievance Receipt Acknowledgement Form. ▪ If a complainant wishes to raise a grievance anonymously, this would be achieved via an appropriate mechanism (e.g. using only reference number). ▪ Grievances will be reviewed and appropriate actions identified. If there is an obvious and immediate action not requiring higher level decisions or approval, the IPP project office will have the authority to propose and enact the grievance resolution. REGREP will establish local level GRC (described above) who will meet regularly to resolve all grievances which require higher level Management approval/decisions. Step2:ReviewandAllocate Actions ▪ Following the first internal examination by the implementing agency/ IPP, a resolution and actions proposed to the complainant (or the complaint is refused or considered to be inadmissible with reasons for this provided).There are possibly four main categories of actions. • Complaints which are not directly within IPP’s responsibility and / or their a uthority to resolve, in which case they would be screened as such and referred directly to the GRC. • Complaints/queries that have already been held in action, or for which no further action is needed other than to respond back to complainant. • Complaints for which the action required is clear. • Complaints which need further investigation by the implementingagency internally, and potentially other IPP staff and external parties, in order to ascertain cause and appropriate action. ▪ Action to resolve grievances will be allocated to the GRC, unless the action can be immediately (not more than 4 calendar days) taken by the IPP project officewithout further approval. ▪ The Grievance Investigation Form(Annex 8-C) will be the main document for recording the decision- making process within the IPP office. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 68 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) ▪ If it has not already occurred at this point, the GRCwill then notify the complainant that the complaint has Complainant of Proposed Resolution been received (this must happen within 7 days), how it is being dealt with, by whom and an approximate Step 3 – Notify estimate of how long the process might take. ▪ This provision of a proposed resolution shall happen within a maximum of 15 calendar days of receipt of the grievance. Notification will generally occur through a face to face meeting. Step 4 – Take Complainant Action and Update ▪ Then will undertake proposed actions for resolution,and update the complainant once actions are completed. ▪ This occurs only when both are happy with the solution (agree on a compromise), it has been implemented out & Lessons Step 5 – Close and both parties have signed off.Grievance Investigation Outcome Form (Annex 8-D) will be used to document this process. Learnt ▪ The IPPproject management will periodically perform an internal review to document lessons learned with respect to specific grievances, and to identify any general trends in issues being raised, to take actions as necessary to try to prevent similar grievances being raised in the future. ▪ As described in Step 1, the details of grievances will be held in the 4 forms included in Annex 8, and will be Update Project maintained / stored by the IPP E&S Safeguards Unit/ Team, on regular basis. This will include information Grievance Records Step 6 – on any outstanding actions.The forms will therefore be updated over time. Reporting ▪ Information on grievances will be reported on a quarterly basis to EEP- PIU as part of the Environmental and Step 7 – Social Safeguards Performance Report, including the total number of complaints, the major areas/causes of complaints, how many have been closed out etc. The report will be prepared by IPP- E&S Team. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 69 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 12. IMPLEMENTATION AND REPORTING Environmental and Social experts of the IPP will be responsible to ensure that RAPs are prepared in compliance with the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). EEP-ESH&Q Unit will be responsible for periodic monitoring of the resettlement operation to ensure compliance by the IPP with the proposed mitigation measures. The project operation will establish Compensation Implementation Team responsible for implementing the compensation and where needed resettlement of PAPs. The Unit will be consisting of professionals with appropriate disciplines.The implementation of RPF will be exercised in different stages of the projects, preconstruction, construction and operation phases. 12.1. Roles and Responsibilities of Major Actors The implementation responsibility of the RAP rests on IPP. To a considerable degree, construction contractors will be responsible for implementing identified E&S mitigation measures of the ESMP; but the ultimate responsibilities to ensure the proposed mitigation measures are implemented and monitored by the relevant IPP Project Office under REGREP. The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) will oversee all the environmental and social activities related to the project. The offices of the Woreda Administration, Health Departments and other relevant stakeholders will be involved with their specific responsibilities in the environmental and socio-economic activities.Their responsibilities are exercised in the different stages, preconstruction, construction and operation and maintenance. 12.2. Institutional arrangements The following sections will discuss about the institutional and administrative frameworks at the federal regional, Zonal, Woredaand Community levels and organizations responsible for the preparation and implementation of E&S safeguards in general and resettlement operation in particular: 12.2.1. Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) MoWIE is responsible to ensure the compliance of the proposed REGREP activities to the required environmental and social management policies and legal framework and other relevant international policies and standards, including WB policies applicable to the program (for this case, BP 4.03, Performance Standards for Private Sector Activities). For REGREP, draft resettlement instruments such as RAP document prepared will be submitted to the Ministry for reviewing and final approval of the implementation of the resettlement instruments. Monitoring the performance of the resettlement plan will also be undertaken by the Ministry. ▪ Support, follow up and coordinate the implementation of programs/ projects financed by foreign assistance and loans; ▪ MoWIE6 is responsible for ensuring that an E&S safeguard instruments are undertaken on water and electricity programs/ projects and to review the prepared instruments; 6 Since December 2011, MoEFCC delegated MoWIE, for review and clearance of environmental and social safeguards Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 70 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) ▪ Enforce the national proclamations and regulation related to environmental and social safeguards at all phases of program/project implementation; ▪ ECCD in managing issues related to environment and social has the following roles and responsibilities, among others: (i) coordinate compensation, resettlement & public participation works of MoWIE sub-sectors development plans jointly with other stakeholders; (ii) plan the tasks in the Directorate, monitor the implementation, report timely to the concerned stakeholders; (iii) prepare awareness creation programs for the concerned stakeholders; (iv) monitor the implementation of E&S safeguard plans of MoWIE; and (v) give support and work jointly with regional and other stakeholders. ▪ MOWIE Women Affairs Directorate within its organizational hierarchies shall engage in encouraging participation of women in all aspects of planning, management and implementation of the Resettlement operations. 12.2.2. Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) ▪ According to Council of Ministers regulationNo,302/2013EEP has defined its long term strategies so as to support the endeavors of the Federal Government of Ethiopia in promoting social and economic progress in all parts of the country. ▪ As per the Council of Ministers regulation, EEP has got key and competent organs to undertake its overall duties and responsibility. Accordingly, EEP has organs such as Environmental, Social safeguards and Health and Safety units which are responsible for the implementation of environment and socio-economic issues raised in this proposed program. ▪ Establishes/Strengthens integration/coordination with MoWIE and IPPs including E&S safeguards activities. ▪ Appraise project proposals of the IPPs on the basis of approved/set guidelines to adhere to project standards. ▪ Conducts monitoring and evaluation on the safeguards’ performance of the IPPs, including on land acquisition and involuntary resettlement. ▪ Collects monthly reports from IPPs regarding the implementation of safeguards over the program period and communicate the compiled reports from each IPP to the World Bank and other partners as needed. ▪ Carry out other related activities necessary for attainment of its purpose. 12.2.3. Environmental Health, Safety and Quality/EHS & Quality/, Environmental and Social Office of EEP Environment and Social office is one of the functional areas of EEP to address the major environmental and social issues in the power sector development. The office works to make the power generation and transmission construction environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. It works in line with the environmental proclamations, policies, and international conventions enforcing EEP to comply. The major task of the Environment and Social Office is to conduct periodic monitoring in power projects and operational activities of EEP, Environmental, and Social impact Assessment (ESIA), ESMP, and instruments prepared for the energy and water sector development programs/projects. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 71 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) A/Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The team ensures whether or not the EEP power projects are complying with the approved environmental and social management plan and undertaking the appropriate mitigation measures accordingly. Adverse environmental and social impacts caused by the EEP’s project operations will be monitored by the EEP’s Environment and Social Office and the project office and the project implementation unit in collaboration. The Environment and Social Office and the project office are responsible for the monitoring of adverse environmental and social impacts and coordinate the preparation and implementation of the ESIA, ESMP, and the RAP as deemed necessary. 12.2.4. Independent Power Producer (IPP) The IPPs are responsible for developing an Environmental and Social Management System(ESMS) and for identifying, assessing and managing environmental and social risks and impactsassociated with the REGREP activities, all in accordance with the WB Performance Standards. The IPP takes the direct responsibility for the preparation and implementation of the RAP for REGREP activities that demands land acquisition. IPP will also be involved in the preparation of other E&S safeguard instruments and will be responsible to ensure that the defined/ identified mitigation measures takes place in planned order. 12.2.5. The Contractor/ Power Producer The Contractor for the program components (scaling solar and scaling wind projects) are responsible to undertake the construction works as per the design and the ESMP. The pertinent information from the ESMP will be included in the project contract under the environmental and social clauses and the ESMP document will be annexed and part of the bidding documents and contracts. The contractor will also need to prepare the contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP). The Contractor is responsible for the implementation of these ESMP and also required to establish an EHS unit staffed with qualified environmental and/ or social specialists. After preparing the ESMP, it needs to be approved by the Supervision Engineers and submitted to World Bank thus could provide advice on the content as meeting the requirements before staring physical activities. The Contractor shall also provide training and undertakes awareness raising sessions on safeguards management for crew members and staffs. 12.2.6. The Supervision Engineer (SE)/ Power Producer The SE under the power producing company is responsible for the day-to-day monitoring of the Program implementation. By contractual arrangement, the Supervision Engineer will be responsible for adequate implementation of the environmental and social clauses of the ESMP. The SE approves or rejects, as the case may be, the proposals and undertakings of the contractor in relation to the requirements of the contract documents. 12.2.7. The Regional and Woreda Land Administration and Use (LAU) Institutions ▪ In accordance with the principles of decentralization set out in the Ethiopian Constitution, Regional States shall establish their own independent Regional Socio-environmental agencies or designate Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 72 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) existing agencies that shall be responsible for socio-environmental monitoring, protection and regulation within their respective jurisdictions. ▪ Following establishment of the Federal Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), regional governments established the Environmental Protection, Land Administration, and Use Authority (EPLAU) then vested with responsibility of the administering rural land. Currently, there are certain variations among regions in the arrangement of Environment and Land Administration and Use offices, for instance, Amhara Land Administration and Use (LAU) is independent bureau accountable to Regional Council; while others are embedded in the Bureau of Agriculture and are responsible for providing technical and administrative support as well as carrying out a review and monitoring function for the implementation of regulations related to land acquisition. ▪ The Land Administration and Use department of EPLAU or the LAU Bureaus will be responsible for facilitating disbursement of compensation for PAPs, assisting relocation of displaced households through provision of technical assistance and provide land for construction of dwellings and ensuring all compensated physical assets and vegetation are removed and cleared on time to give way for implementation of the project activities. ▪ Woreda and Urban Administrations are the most important local government units and are given by law the mandate for the expropriation and acquisition of land for public benefit purposes. Responsibilities of these Administrations include: ▪ Pay and cause the payment of compensation to holders of expropriated land in accordance with proclamation No.455/2005 as well as as per the requirements of WB PS 5 (for this RPF, in case of differences in the two sets of laws WB PS will prevail) and provide them with rehabilitation support to the extent possible; ▪ Decides to expropriate a landholding, it shall notify the landholder in writing, indicating the time when the land has to be paid; ▪ Maintain data of properties removed from expropriated landholdings particulars and conditions of maintaining; ▪ Designate Property Valuation Committees; ▪ Establish Grievance Redress Committees. 12.2.8. Property Valuation Committees In accordance to Proclamation No. 455/2005, Property Valuation Committee will be formed to undertake the census and inventory of PAPs and their assets as basis to estimate the unit price and the total amount of compensation payments due to the PAP’s valuation of affected assets, based on regulation No 135/2007. 12.2.9. Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC) The IPPs, in collaboration with Woreda and urban administrations will establish Resettlement Implementation Committees (RIC) in project affected Woredas and City Administrations. Woreda/City Resettlement Committees will ensure easy and quick communication with PAPs and responsible bodies. The composition of the Committee will be: representative of Woreda/City Administration (Chairperson), Woreda/city office of Finance and Economic Development (Vice-Chair), IPP project officer (as Secretary), EEP Officer (member) and members from Woreda/City Environmental Protection Expert, Woreda/city Agriculture Expert,Woreda/city Women’s Affair Representative, Affected Kebele Chair person, Affected Kebele PAPs representatives, and community elder and/ or Religious leaders. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 73 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 12.2.10. Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) In order to address any unresolved grievances at the project management level, a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be constituted. The Committee will be headed by the Woreda Administrator, with Woreda justice office; EEP representative, representative of PAPs, representatives from elders/ religious leaders and other members. A non-project person acceptable to all parties can also be member of this Committee. The procedure will provide PAPs for an opportunity to settle their complaints and grievances amicably during the implementation of compensation and, to get appropriate compensation payment and not to lose time and resources from going through lengthy administrative and legal procedures. 12.2.11. Regional Governments and City Administration Water, Mine and Energy Bureaus ▪ Establish a steering committee (or strengthen existing ones, if any) for the overall strategic guidance; ▪ Provide training on implementation of RAP, ESMF, and other E&S safeguards instruments, as requested by IPPs ▪ Support, follow-up, monitor and evaluate the overall implementation of safeguards instruments in their respective regions; ▪ Organize a coordinated field visit with the relevant institutions such as Environment office, IPPs, EEP for joint supervision and support on the application of E&S instruments; and, ▪ E&S safeguards performance Report to the MoWIE on a monthly, quarterly, biannually and annually basis, as applicable. 12.2.12. Zonal Water, Mines and Energy Offices ▪ Create awareness to Woreda officials/experts on the overall aspects associated with the alternative sources of energy including the proposed project; ▪ Undertake follow-up, monitoring and evaluation of the project activities in their respective zones together with Woreda officials/experts; ▪ Establish necessary integration with Zonal sector offices including Agricultural and Natural Resources Departments, Labor and Social offices, Women’s Affairs Offices, Police Offices, etc.; ▪ Report to Regional Water, Mines and Energy Bureaus/Agencies on the overall progresses and problems encountered on the programs on a monthly basis; ▪ Facilitate overall implementation of the project and safeguards within their boundary. 12.2.13. Woreda Administration ▪ Follow-up and assist the IPPs on the implementation of the resettlement operations; ▪ Establish a task force/steering committee at Woreda level; ▪ Organize the Woreda taskforce/steering committee and chair the meeting related to the implementation of the programs, including E&S safeguard activities; and, ▪ In cases of land expropriation, facilitate the process of valuation and compensation committee meetings and payment of compensation. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 74 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) 12.2.14. The Community The Community has the right to be consulted to ensure the overall project acceptability and sustainable implementation of the project. In general, the community should be involved at different stages of the project implementation. According to WBPS-1 and 5, the IPPs will provide periodic reports to the Affected Communities that describe progress with implementation of the project Action Plans on issues that involve ongoing risk to or impacts on Affected Communities and on issues that the consultation process or grievance mechanism have identified as a concern to those Communities. The frequency of these reports will be proportionate to the concerns of Affected Communities but not less than annually. 12.2.15. Local NGOs working around the program implementation location In project areas where there exists NGOs involved in energy-related interventions, EEP may approach them for possible contributions especially for the sustainability of the Project. NGOs are important specifically during the operation phase of the Project. 13. BUDGET AND FUNDING ARRANGEMENT As stated in the Constitution of FDRE, people affected by development projects have the right to be compensated and resettled wherever the situation compels. This forms the bottom line for the commitment of the Government towards compensation and resettlement. Any required physical resettlement will be financed through counterpart funds from the Government of Ethiopia. At this stage where the locations of program activities have not yet been determined, and the number of PAPs cannot be identified, it is not possible to provide an estimated budget for the total costs of resettlement that may be associated with the implementation of these program. When these locations are known, and after the conclusion of the site specific socio-economic study, information on specific impacts, individual and household incomes and numbers of affected people and other demographic data will be available, followed by detailed and accurate budget for each RAP. Once the budget is finalized based on the site and sub project specific information for the RAP implementation, it will be approved by WB. Once the budget is approved, the implementation will be under taken. An indicative RAP budget outline can be found in Table below. Table 13-1: Indicative Outline of a RAP Budget Asset acquisition Amount Total estimated cost Responsible Agency or number Land Acquisition and Preparation Land Structures Crops areas and others Community infrastructure, (including communal grazing area, pastoral based assets like water wells/ponds, etc.) Burial Grounds and Tombstones (Grave yards) Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 75 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Relocations Transfer of possessions Installation costs Economic Rehabilitation Capacity building/Training Special Livelihood restoration for Vulnerable Groups Capital Investments Monitoring Contingency # Item Costs Assumptions 1 Compensation for loss of Land For land acquisition purposes, based on /hectare Ethiopian average market cost, or from similar projects 2 Compensation for loss of Crops Includes costs of labor invested and average /hectare of farm of highest price of staple food crops and lost Ethiopian market prices 3 Compensation for loss of access to Those affected would be provided with shared pastoralists If applicable access, or alternate routes (decision agreed through consultation and participation of all) 4 Compensation for loss of access to Data provided from the revised socio- fishing resources. If applicable economic study will determine market values of catch, fish products etc. 5 Compensation for Buildings and This compensation may be in-kind or cash. Structures Costs for basic housing needs should include If applicable ventilated pit latrines, outside kitchen, and storage. 6 Compensation for Trees Includes costs of labor invested and average /year/tree of highest price of trees (and tree products) and Ethiopian market prices 7 Compensation for Burial Grounds Include costs for relocation of the cemetery and Tombstones (Grave yards) If applicable and religious and cultural services to be carried out. 7 Cost of Relocation This cost reflects the moving and /household Assistance/Expenses transportation allowance 8 Cost of Restoration of Individual Assumed to be higher than the GDP/capita in Income Ethiopia 9 Cost of Restoration of Household These costs reflect the livelihood restoration Income program of the RAP 10 Cost of capacity building activities/ This is a mitigation measure involving training for Farmers, pastoralists, capacity building and involves PAPs and resettlement operation committees, affected communities and other PAPs 14. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ARRANGEMENTS WB Performance Standard 5 requires the Private Entity/IPP to monitor and report on the effectiveness of RAP implementation, including the physical progress of resettlement and rehabilitation activities, the disbursement of compensation, the effectiveness of public consultation and participation activities, and thesustainability of income restoration and development efforts among affected communities. The objective of monitoring is to provide project implementer with feedback on RAP implementation and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 76 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) toidentify problems and successesas early as possible to allow timely adjustment of implementation arrangements. For these reasons, RAP monitoring and evaluation activities should be adequately budgeted, implemented by qualified specialists, and integrated in to the overall project management process. Monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to the plan. It provides the feedback necessary for the project management to keep the performance on schedule. By contrast, evaluation is essentially a summing up, the end of the project assessment of whether those activities actually achieved their intended goals. 14.1. Purpose of Monitoring The purpose of monitoring is to provide project management, and project affected persons with timely, concise, indicative information on whether compensation, resettlement and other impact mitigation measures are on track to achieve sustainable restoration and improvement in the welfare of the affected people, or that adjustments are needed. Monitoring will check the following: Are project compensation, resettlement and other impact mitigation measures on time and having the intended effects? Monitoring verifies that: ✓ Actions and commitment for compensation, resettlement, land access, and development in the RAP are implemented fully and on time; ✓ Eligible project affected people receive their full compensation on time, prior to the start of the main project activities ; ✓ RAP actions and compensation measures have helped the people who preferred cash compensation in restoring their lost incomes and in sustaining/improving pre-project living standards; ✓ Compensation and livelihood investments are achieving sustainable restoration and improvement in the welfare of the PAPs and communities; ✓ Compliant and grievances are followed up with appropriate corrective actions and, where necessary, appropriate corrective actions are taken; if necessary, changes in RAP procedure are made to improve delivery of entitlements to project affected people; ✓ Vulnerable persons are tracked and assisted as necessary. 14.2. Monitoring Framework (Internal and External) Monitoring will consists of a) Internal monitoring by IPP project office as an integral part ofits management, working with the impacted communities; and b) External monitoring by IPP project office with assisting hired consultants, working with the impacted communities. 14.2.1. Internal Monitoring Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 77 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) The internal monitoring will be carried out by relevant experts of the IPP. The concerned local administration (either Woreda or Municipality) will also conduct its own monitoring in collaboration with the EEP. The internal monitoring must be carried out simultaneously with the implementation of the RAP. The objectives of internal monitoring are: (i) daily operations planning; (ii) management and implementation; (iii) operational trouble shooting and feedback. The periodicity of internal monitoring could be daily or weekly depending on the issues and level of resettlement. All aspects of internal M&E shall be supervised by the project relevant experts of the IPP. Regular process report will be prepared and submitted as described below.The internal monitoring will look at inputs, processes, and outcome of compensation/resettlement/other impact mitigation measures. Input monitoring will establish if staff, organization, finance, equipment, supplies and other inputs are on schedule, in the requisite quantity and quality. Process monitoring will: ✓Assess resettlement program implementation strategies and methodologies and the capacity and capability of program management personnel to effectively implement and manage the planned tasks; and ✓Document lesson learned and best practices and provide recommendations to strengthen the design and implementation of RAP. Outcome monitoring will establish if agreed outputs are realized on time for: • Communication with the affected communities; • Agreed resettlement and compensation policies, procedures and rates; • Compensation for crops, buildings, and lost business; • Construction and occupation of infrastructure and housing; • Livelihood program delivery and uptake; • Grievance resolution; • Attention to vulnerable people. Outcome (or effectiveness monitoring) will determine the degree to which the overall resettlement objectives and performance targets have been achieved. 14.2.2. External Monitoring and Evaluation This should be seen in the eyes of compliance and impact monitoring. For compliance monitoring, the IPP will appoint a consultant to work closely with the PAPs to track the progress of RAP implementation. The consultant (s) will be a person (s) with deep experience in the conduct of resettlement, hands on experience in monitoring and evaluation, no previous involvement in the supposed project, and proven ability to identify actions that improve implementation and mitigate negative impact of resettlement. The consultant (s)will provide support in the proper implementation of resettlement program. It should also bring the difficulties faced by the PAPs to the notice of the IPP project office so as to help in Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 78 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) formulating corrective measures. As a feedback to the IPP and others concerned, the external consultant should submit quarterly report on progress made relating to different aspects of resettlement and livelihood restoration activities. Compliance monitoring will: • Determine compliance of RAP implementation with the stated resettlement objectives and procedures; • Determine compliance of RAP implementation with the laws, regulations and applicable policies; • Determine RAP impacts on standard of living, with a focus on the “no worse-off if not better-off” objective; • Determine international best practices; • Verify results of internal monitoring; • Assess whether the resettlement objectives have been meet: specifically, whether livelihood programs have restored the livelihood of PAPs and their living conditions have improved; • Assess the resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing lessons for future resettlement activities and recommending corrections in the implementation process; • Ascertain whether the resettlement entitlements are appropriate to meet the objectives, and whether the objectives are suitable to PAPs conditions; • Assess grievance records, to identify implementation problems and status of grievance resolution; • Ensure RAP implementation is in compliance with applicable WBPerformance Standards and the national legal requirement. Impact Monitoring/concurrent evaluation will be carried out simultaneously with the monitoring. For Concurrent Impact Evaluation, the M&E department who should have resettlement and social development experience shall: ➢ Verify whether the objective of resettlement have been realized, particularly in the changes in the living standards; ➢ Impact assessment is to be compared with the baseline values for key socioeconomics as given in the RAP; ➢ To assess whether the compensation is adequate to replace the lost assets; ➢ Assess the level of satisfaction of the various assets provided as part of the RAP implementation; ➢ Based on the impact assessment, suitable remedial measures are to be proposed for any shortcomings; and ➢ Remedial measures, if PAPs are not able to improve their living standards. Impact monitoring will cover issues such as: ✓ Economic status of PAPs: livelihood restoration and enterprise, employment, land holdings, non- agricultural enterprise; ✓ Cost of market basket of essentials including rental accommodation; ✓ Employment: on the project and in the impact area. 14.3. Indicators to Monitor Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 79 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Indicators, which will be monitored during the project, may be divided into two categories. ▪ Process input and output indicators for internal monitoring; and ▪ Outcome or impact indicators for external monitoring. These are highlighted briefly below: Input indicators include the resources in terms of people, equipment and materials that go into the RAP. Examples of input indicators in the RAP are the sources and amounts of funding for various RAP activities. Output indicators include the activities and services, which are produced with the inputs. Examples of output indicators in the RAPare (a) a database for tracking individual compensation; and (b) the payment of compensation for losses of assets. Process indicators represent the change in the quality and quantity of access and coverage of the activities and services. Examples of process indicators in the RAPinclude: ✓ The creation of grievance mechanisms; ✓ The establishment of stakeholder channels so that they can participate in the RAP implementation; ✓ Information dissemination activities. Outcome indicators include the delivery of compensation and other mitigation to avoid economic and physical displacement caused by the project. They measure whether compensation is paid and received, whether the affected populations who preferred cash compensation to in-kind resettlement assistance offered to them was able to use compensation payment for sustained income. Indicators that will be monitored broadly centered around delivery of compensation, resolution of grievance, land access, increase or decrease in PAPs assets, social stability, health, level of satisfaction of PAPs and number of PAPs that benefits from the livelihood restoration programs. Specifically some monitoring indicators for RAP are outlined in table 14-1 below. Table 14-1: Monitoring Indicators Indicators Variable Consultation Number of people reached or accessing information, information request, issues raised, etc. Consultation and reach out Number of local CBOs participating Compensation and re- Physical Progress of Compensation and Assistance establishment of PAPs Number of PAPs affected (building, land, trees, crops, etc) Number of PAPs compensated by the type of loss Amount compensated by type and owners Number of replacement asset recovered Compensation disbursement to the correct parties Socioeconomic changes Level of income and standard of living of the PAPs Number of income restored, improved or declined from the pre-displacement levels Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 80 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Indicators Variable Training Number ofIAs, and local administrations trained Grievance redress Number of cases referred to GRC mechanism Number of cases settled by GRC Number of cases pending with GRC Average time taken for resettlement of cases Number of GRC meetings Number of PAPs moved to court Number of pending cases with the court Number of cases settled by the court Overall Management Effectiveness of compensation delivery system Timely disbursement of compensation Census and asset verification/quantification procedures in place Coordination between local community structures, PAPs, and the IPP The Actors in the monitoring and evaluation process include: ➢ The Environmental and Social Experts of the IPP (for planning, coordination and monitoring) ➢ Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) ➢ Municipality and Woreda administration (for monitoring and evaluation) ➢ PAPs and NGO’s or private consultants as required (for evaluation) ➢ Ministry of Water, Mines, Irrigation and Energy (MoWMIE) /at different levels/- in reviewing M&E Reports The IPP in close co-ordination with other stakeholders such as EEP, Municipalities and Woreda administrations will be the principal actor of the resettlement /rehabilitation operations. However, in the case of large-scale resettlement projects, the IPP may conduct the monitoring through a consultant or an NGO who might have experience in the preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The frequency of monitoring may vary, depending on the magnitude and complexity of the operations. EEP, Municipalities and Woreda administrations will conduct their own monitoring, but when possible, this will be done together with the IPP. MoWIE will be the responsible body to review the results of the monitoring and evaluation. 14.4. Monitoring Principles REGREP will establish a monitoring and evaluation system in line with WB PS 5 requirements comprising: The monitoring will assess performance of the RAP against the schedule of activities and budget and periodically assess progress and effectiveness of RAP implementation in delivering compensation and restoring and improving livelihoods of PAPs. Monitoring will include special attention on assistance and outcomes for vulnerable households and individuals, and periodic review of grievances and resolution. The need for any changes or corrective action will be identified to improve delivery on a continuous basis. Local communities, PAPs and stakeholders will be given opportunities to provide feedback on Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 81 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) RAP implementation through community outreach meetings. Once the RAP is developed and adopted, the IPP will monitor implementation until the displacement impacts have been mitigated. The IPP’s internal monitoring will address a range of KPIs pertaining to the following aspects: ➢ Progress monitoring (compensation, land access, construction, livelihood restoration activities). ➢ Technical monitoring of resettlement sites: supervision of infrastructure and housing construction where relevant, commissioning and testing of the technical components of the resettlement housing, monitoring of the effectiveness of water supply, waste management, power supply, erosion, and condition of houses and infrastructure. ➢ Social and economic monitoring: ▪ Cost of housing in the displacement area, potential land speculation, etc. ▪ Percentage of resettlement compensation spent on productive assets, status of livelihood restoration plan implementation, etc. 
 ➢ Monitoring of Vulnerable People. ➢ Grievance Monitoring: Monitoring of the effectiveness of the grievance management system as well as using an ongoing analysis of grievances as a form of feedback on IPP’s social and environmental performance, in an effort to detect and prevent the development of grievances into broader or more acute problems or conflicts. An indicative list of indicators which will be used for monitoring is provided in the below table. A final list of indicators, which draws on the results of the socio- economic surveys, will be included in the RAP. MonitoringAspect KeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs) ProgressMonitoring ▪ Total number of eligible PAPs. ▪ Number of households that have consented to their compensation packages. ▪ Number of householdsthathavereceivedtheir compensationpackages. ▪ Number of householdsallocatedreplacement land. ▪ Number of householdsallocatedreplacement houses. ▪ Number of householdsphysicallyresettled. ▪ Number of replacement houseshandedover to PAPs. TechnicalMonitoring ▪ Number of new plots of land legally transferred and registered. ▪ Number of residual titles processed and handed over to owners. ▪ Expenses towards compensation, income restoration, relocation/transition allowance. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 82 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) Social&Economic ▪ Number of households enrolled for the livelihood restoration program. ▪ Number of households enrolled for the training on livelihood restoration program. ▪ Status on ongoing income restoration activities (Timing of implemented activities in comparison to the RAP implementation schedule). VulnerablePeople ▪ Number of vulnerable households supported during the transition period. ▪ Type of support given to vulnerable households. Grievance ▪ Number of grievances received. Monitoring ▪ Number of grievances resolved. ▪ Number of grievances pending resolution. ▪ Number of grievances forwarded to upper levels. ▪ Number of GBV grievances received, resolved or pended for other action (If only applicable). An externalmonitoringfocuses on processes and outcomes. It uses the findings of internal monitoring and is also based on separate, external investigations. External monitoring consists of periodic monitoring, and completion audits for each successive phase of resettlement / compensation. IPP will hire an external social auditor with relevant experience in resettlement to carry out an annual review assessing compliance with commitments contained in the RAP, in line with Ethiopia legislative framework, WB Performance Standards and this RPF. Objectives of these reviews are as follows: ➢ To assess overall compliance with the RAP and other commitments related to mitigation of physical and economic displacement. 
 ➢ To assess the extent to which the quality of life and livelihoods of affected communities are restored and enhanced. 
 ➢ To provide recommendations to improve RAP implementation and address any gaps. 
 ➢ To determine when the Completion Audit will take place. 
 14.5. Completion Audit Depending on the scale of displacement, WB Performance Standard may require the IPP to undertake an evaluation by an independent third party to assess whether the outcome of the RAP complies with the PS 5-Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement. The key objective of this external evaluation, or completion audit, is to determine whether the IPP’s efforts to restore the living standards of the affected population have been properly conceived and executed. The audit should verify that all physical inputs committed in the RAP have been delivered and all services provided. In addition, the audit should evaluate whether the mitigation actions prescribed in the RAP have had the desired effect. The socioeconomic status of the affected population, including the host population, should be measured against the baseline conditions of the population before displacement, as established through the census and socioeconomic studies. The completion audit should be undertaken after all RAP inputs, including development initiatives, have been completed, but well before WB’s financial commitments to the client have been met. The timing of the audit thus enables the sponsor to undertake corrective action, if any, as recommended by the auditors Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 83 ETHIOPIA RENEWABLE ENERGY GUARANTEE PROGRAM (REGREP), 2019 ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) before the project is complete. In the majority of cases, the completion audit should bring to closure the IPP’s liability for resettlement, compensation, livelihood restoration, and development support. The following table describes auditable criteria against the WBPerformance Standard 5-Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement. Table 14-2: Auditable Criteria for Performance Standard 5 Performance Standard 5 Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement Theme Auditable Criteria Compensation and Benefits for Displaced 1. Has the IPP provided opportunities to displaced persons and communities Persons to derive appropriate development benefits from the project? Consultation and Grievance Mechanism 1. Has the IPP disclosed all relevant information, consulted with affected persons and communities and facilitated their informed participation in the decision making process relating to resettlement? 2. Has IPP established an effective grievance mechanism? Resettlement Planning and Implementation 1. Has IPP considered alternative designs to avoid or minimize economic and physical displacement? 2. Has IPP identified persons to be displaced by the Private Sector Activity and those eligible for compensation and assistance through a baseline census with appropriate socio-economic baseline data? 3. Has the census established the status of displaced persons according to their legal rights or claim to land? 4. Has cut off date for eligibility been established or disseminated? a) Has IPP prepared RAP or resettlement framework ( if physical displacement) that mitigates negative impacts of displacement, identifies development opportunities and establish entitlement for all affected persons? b) Has the IPP (if economic but not physical displacement) developed procedures to offer compensation or other assistance that will establish entitlement for affected persons or communities? c) Has IPP established Monitoring & Evaluation mechanism? Physical Displacement 1. Has the IPP offered displaced persons choices amongst resettlement options, relocation assistance, and/or compensation according to their status and entitlements as described by the WB Performance Standard? Economic Displacement 1. Has the IPP provided replacement property, compensation, targeted assistance and/or transitional support in accordance with PS5 requirements? Private Sector Responsibilities under 1. Has IPP supplemented government actions and bridged the gaps (if Government-Managed Resettlement applicable) between the government-assigned entitlements and procedures and the requirements of this WB Performance Standard? 15. CLEARANCE AND DISCLOSURE OF RPF The RPF document will be submitted to the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (MoWIE) and the World Bank for their review and approval. After approval by MoWIE and World Bank, the RPF will be translated and disclosed in- country to stakeholders in a language they understand. It will also be disclosed in the World Bank external website. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 84 ANNEXES Annex 1-A: Proclamation on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation Proclamation No. 455/2005 Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation A PROCLAMATION TO PROVIDE FOR THEE EXPRORIATION OF LANDHOLDINGS FOR PUBLIC PURPOSE AND PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION WHEREAS, the government needs to use land for development works it carries out for public services; WHEREAS, urban centers of the country have, from time to time, been growing and the number of urban dwellers has been increasing and thereby land development for the construction of dwelling houses, infrastructure, investment and other services has become necessary in accordance with their respective plans as well as preparation and provision of land for development works in rural areas has become necessary; WHEREAS, it .has become necessary to define the basic principles that have to be taken into consideration in determining compensation to a person whose landholding has been expropriated; WHEREAS, it has become necessary to define organs that shall have the power to determine and the responsibility to pay the compensation; WHEREAS, Article 51(5) of the Constitution empowers the Federal Government to enact laws n:garding the utilization of land and it is deemed necessary to regulate in detail, based on the requirement of advance payment of compensation for private property expropriated for public purpose as provided for under Article 40(8) of the Constitution. NOW, THEREFORE, in accordance with Article 55 (1) of the Constitution, it is hereby proclaimed as follows; PART ONE GENERAL 1. Short Title This Proclamation may be cited as the "Expropriation of landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation No. 455/2005." 2, Definitions In this Proclamation, unless the context requires otherwise: 1) “compensation" means, payment to be made in cash or in kind or in both to a person for his property situated on his expropriated landholding; 2) "region" means any region referred to in Article 47 of the Constitution and includes the Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa city administrations; 3) "landholder" means an individual, government or private organization or any other organ which has legal personal.ity and has lawful possession over the land to be expropriated and owns property situated thereon; 4) "urban administration" means an organ to which urban administrative powers and duties have been given by law or delegated by the concerned government body to exercise such powers and duties; 5) "public purpose" means the use of land defined as such by the decision of the appropriate body inconformity with urban structure plan or development plan in order to ensure the interest of the peoples to acquire direct or indirect benefits from the use of the land and to consolidate sustainable socio economic development; 6) "utility line" means water, sewerage, electric or telephone line existing on or under a land to be expropriated for public purpose; 7) "implementing agency" means a government agency or, public enterprise undertaking or causing to be undertaken development works with its own force or through contractors. PART TWO EXPROPRIATION OF LANDHOLDINGS 3. Power to Expropriate Landholdings 1) A woreda or an urban administration shall, upon payment in advance of compensation in accordance with this Proclamation, have the power to expropriate rural or urban landholdings for public purpose where it believes that it should be used for a better development project to be carried out by public entities, private investors, cooperative societies or other organs, or where such expropriation has been decided by the appropriate higher regional or federal government organ for the same purpose. 2) Notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-Article (1) of this Article, no land lease holding may be expropriated unless the lessee has failed to honor the obligations he assumed under the Lease Proclamation and Regulations or the land is required for development works to be undertaken by government. 4. Notification of Expropriation Order 1) Where a woreda or an urban administration decides to expropriate a landholding in accordance with Article 3 of this Proclamation, it shall notify the landholder" in writing, indicating the time when the land has to be vacated and the amount of compensation to be paid. 2) The period of notification to be' given in accordance with Sub-Article (1) of this Article shall be determined by directives; provided however, that it may not, in any way, be less than ninety days. 3) Any landholder who has been served with an expropriation order in accordance with Sub-Article (1) of this Article, shall hand over the land to the woreda or urban administration within 90 days from the date of payment of compensation or, if he refuses to receive the payment, from the date of deposit of the compensation in a blocked bank account in the name of the woreda or urban administration as may be appropriate. 4) Notwithstanding Sub-Article (3) of this Article, where there is no crop, perennial crop or other property on the expropriated land, the holder shall hand over the land to the woreda or urban administration within 30 days from the date of receipt of the expropriation order. 5) Where a landholder who has been served with an expropriation order refuses to handover the land within the period specified in Sub Article (3) of (4) of this Article, the woreda or urban administration may use police force to take over the land. 5. Responsibilities of the Implementing Agency The IA shall have responsibilities to: 1) prepare detail data pertaining to the land needed for its works and send same, at least one year before the commencement of the works, to the organs empowered to expropriate land in accordance with this Proclamation and obtain permission from them; and 2) pay compensation in accordance with this Proclamation to landholders whose holding: have been expropriated. 6. Procedures for removal of Utility Lines 1) Where land over or under which utility lines, owned by federal or regional government office or public enterprise, pass is to be expropriated, the body requiring the land shall submit, in writing, its request to the owner by indicating the exact location of the lines to be removed. 2) The body which has received a request under Sub Artic1e (1) of this Article shall, within 30 days from receipt of such request, determine a fair compensation required to replace the lines to be removed and send details of its valuation to the requesting body. 3) The body which requested the removal of utility lines shall pay compensation to the owner within 30 days from the date of receipt of the valuation under Sub-Article (2) of this Article. The owner shall also remove the utility lines and vacate the land within 60 days from the date of receipt of compensation. PART THREE DETERMINATION OF COMPENSATION 7. Basis and Amount of Compensation 1) A landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be entitled to payment of compensation for his property situated on the land and for permanent improvements he made to such land. 2) The amount of compensation for property situated on the expropriated land shall be determined on the basis of replacement cost of the property. 3) Where the compensation referred to under Sub- Article (2) of this Article is payable to an urban dweller, it may not, in any way, be less than the current cost of constructing a single room low cost house in accordance with the standard set by the concerned region. 4) Compensation for permanent improvement to land shall be equal to the value of capital and labour expended on the land. 5) The cost of removal, transportation and erection shall be paid as compensation for a property that could be relocated and continue its service as before. 6) Valuation formula for determining compensation for various properties and detail prescription applicable thereto shall be provided for by regulations. 8. Displacement Compensation 1) A rural landholder whose landholding has been permanently expropriate shall, in addition to the compensation payable under Article 7 of this Proclamation, be paid displacement compensation which shall be equivalent to ten times the average annual income he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. 2) A rural landholder or holders of common land whose landholding has been provisionally expropriated shall, in addition to the compensation payable under Article 7 of this Proclamation, be paid until repossession of the land, compensation for lost income based on the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land; provided, however, that such payment shall not exceed the amount of compensation payable under Sub-Article (1) of this Article. 3) Where the woreda administration confirms that a substitute land which can be easily ploughed and generate comparable income is available for the land holder, the compensation to be paid under Sub-Articles (1) and (2) of this Article shall only be equivalent to the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. 4) An urban landholder whose landholding has been expropriated under this Proclamation shall: a) be provided with a plot of urban land, the size of which shall be determined by the urban administration, to be used for the construction of a dwelling house; and b) be paid a displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual rent of the demolished dwelling house or be allowed to reside, force or charge, for one year in a comparable dwelling house owned by the urban administration. 5) Where the house demolished is a business house, the provisions of Sub-Article (4) of this Article shall, mutatis mutandis apply, 6) When an urban land lease holding is expropriated prior to its expiry date, the lease holder shall, in addition to the compensation referred to under Article 7 of this proclamation and this Article, be provided with a similar plot of land to use it for the remaining lease period. The lease holder shall also be allowed to use the new plot of land for a longer period if its rent is less than the former land or the holding did not want take the land he can take the remain rant payment. 7) The detail prescriptions applicable to compensation payable under the Article shall be provided for by regulations. 9. Valuation of Property 1) The valuation of property situated on land to be expropriated shall be carried out by certified private or public institutions or individual consultants on the basis of valuation formula adopted at the national level. 2) Until such time that the Ministry of Federal Affairs, in consultation with the appropriate federal and regional government organs, ascertains the creation of the required capacity to take valuation of property as specified under Sub-Article (1) of this Article, such valuation shall be carried out by committees to be established in accordance with Article (10) of this Proclamation and owners of utility lines in accordance with Article (6) of this Proclamation. 10. Property Valuation Committees 1) Where the land to be expropriated is located in a rural area, the property situated thereon shall be valued by a committee of not more than five experts having the relevant qualification and to be designated by the woreda administration. 2) Where the land to be expropriated is located in an urban center, the property situated thereon shall be valued by a committee of experts having the relevant qualification and to be designated by the urban administration. 3) Where the property situated on a land to be expropriated requires specialized knowledge and experience, it shall be valued by a separate committee of experts to be designated by the woreda or the urban administration. 4) The working procedures for the committees established in accordance with this Article shall be determined by directives. 11. Complaints and Appeals in Relation to Compensation 1) In rural areas and in an urban center where an administrative organ to hear grievances related to urban landholding is not yet established, a complaint relating to the amount of compensation shall be submitted to the regular court having jurisdiction. 2) Where the holder of an expropriated urban landholding is dissatisfied with the amount of compensation, he may lodge his complaint to the administrative organ established by the urban administration to hear grievances related to urban landholdings. 3) 3/ The organ referred to in Sub-Article (2) of this Article shall examine the compliant and give its decision within such short period as specified by directives issued by the region and communicate its decision to the parties in writing, 4) A party dissatisfied with a decision, rendered in accordance with Sub-Article (I) and (3) of this Article may appeal, as may be appropriate, to the regular appellate court or municipal appellate court within 30 days from the date of the decision. The decision of the court shall be final. 5) The period specified in Sub-Article (4) of this Article for submitting an appeal shall not include the time taken to provide the appellant with a copy of the decision. 6) An appeal submitted, pursuant to Sub-Article (4) of this Article, by any landholder served with an expropriation order may be admitted only if it is accompanied with a document that proofs the handover of the land to the urban or woreda administration. 7) The execution of an expropriation order may not be delayed due to a complaint regarding the amount of compensation. PART FOUR MISCELLANEOUR PROVISIONS 12. Powers and Duties of the Ministry of Federal Affairs With respect to the implementation of this Proclamation, the Ministry of Federal Affairs shall have the powers and duties to: 1) Follow up and ensure that the provisions of this Proclamation are complied with in regions; 2) Give technical and capacity building support to regions so that they will be able to implement this Proclamation; 3) Prepare, in collaboration with other relevant organs of the Federal Government, national valuation formula for the determination of compensation payable under this Proclamation and submit same to the Council of Ministers for approval. 13. Responsibilities of Woreda Administrations and Urban Administration With respect to the, implementation of this Proclamation Woreda and urban administration" shall have the responsibilities and duties to: 1) Pay or cause the payment of compensation to holders or expropriated land in accordance with this Proclamation, and provide them with rehabilitation support to the extent possible. 2) Maintain data of properties removed from expropriated landholdings Particulars and conditions of maintaining such data shall be prescribed by directives. 14. Power to Issue Regulations and Directives 1) The Council of Ministers may issue regulations necessary for the proper implementation of this Proclamation. 2) Regions may issue directives necessary for the proper implementation of this Proclamation and regulations issued hereunder. 15. Repelled and Inapplicable Laws 1) The Appropriation of Land for Government Works and Payment of Compensation for Property Proclamation No. 401/2004 is hereby repealed. 2) No law, regulation, directive or practice shall, in so far as it is inconsistent with this Proclamation, be applicable with respect to matters provided for by this Proclamation. 16. Effective Date The Proclamation shall enter into force on the 151h day of July, 2005. Done at Addis Ababa, the 15thday of July, 2005 GIRMA WOLDEGIORGIS PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA Annex 1-B.COMPENSATIONANDEXPROPRIATIONREGULATIONS RegulationsNo.135/2007onthePaymentofCompensationforPropertySituatedon LandholdingsExpropriatedforPublicPurposes CouncilofMinistersRegulationsNo.135/2007 COUNCILOFMINISTERSREGULATIONSONTHEPAYMENTOFCOMPENSATION FORPROPERTYSITUATEDONLANDHOLDINGS EXPROPRIATEDFORPUBLIC PURPOSES TheseRegulationsareissuedbytheCouncilofMinisterspursuanttoArticle5oftheDefinitio nof PowersandDutiesoftheExecutiveOrgansoftheFederalDemocraticRepublicofEthiopia ProclamationNo.471/2005andArticle14(1)oftheExpropriationofLandholdingsforPubl ic PurposesandPaymentofCompensationProclamationNo.455/2005withapurposeofnoto nly payingcompensationbutalsotoassistdisplacedpersonstorestoretheirlivelihood. PART ONE GENERAL 1. ShortTitle TheseRegulationsmaybecitedasthe“PaymentofCompensationforPropertySituatedon LandholdingsExpropriatedforPublicPurposesCouncilofMinistersRegulationsNo.135/20 07” 2. Definitions IntheseRegulationsunlessthecontextrequiresotherwise: “Proclamation”meanstheExpropriationofLandholdingsforPublicPurposesandPaymento f CompensationProclamationNo.455/2005; 1. “Committee”meansapropertyvaluationcommitteeestablishedpursuanttothe Proclamation; 2. “Crops”meansanyplantsownorplantedandharvestedinoneseason; 3. “Ripecrops”meansplantsownorplantedonalandholdingtobeexpropriatedf orpublic purposeandthatcouldbeharvestedwithinthenoticeperiodgivenunderArticle4oft he Proclamation; 4. “Perennialcrops”meansspeciesofcropsharvestedregularlyforyears; 5. “Building”meansanystructureconstructedorunderconstructioninanurban centreora ruralareaforresidential,manufacturing,commercial,socialoranyotherservice; 6. “Formula”meansthemethodologyusedforvaluatingcompensationinaccorda ncewith theseRegulationsforPropertiesSituatedonLandholdingsExpropriatedinAccordan cewith theProclamation; 7. Theterms“region”,“compensation”,“publicpurpose”,“utilitylines”and“i mplementing agency”shallhavethemeaningsgiventothemundertheProclamation; 8. “Person”meansanynaturalorjuridicalperson. PARTTWO ASSESSMENT OF COMPENSATION 3. CompensationforBuildings 1. Theamountofcompensationforabuildingshallbedeterminedonthebasisof thecurrentcostpersquaremeterorunitforconstructingacomparablebuilding 2. thecompensationforabuildingshallinclude: a) Thecurrentcostforconstructingfloortilesofthecompound,septictank andotherstructuresattachedtothebuilding;and b) Theestimatedcostfordemolishing,lifting,reconstructing,installingand connectingutilitylinesofthebuilding. 3. Theownerofabuildingshallhavetherighttoclaimcompensationforthe entirebuildingbysurroundingthetotallandinhispossessionwherepartofthe buildingisorderedtoberemoved. 4. Compensationshallbepaidonlyforthedemolishedpartofabuildingwhere theownerpreferstousetheunwantedpartoftheland;provided,however,that suchpreferenceshallbeacceptableonlywheretheconditionofthepartly demolishedbuildingconformstotherequirementsoftheappropriatecityplan. 4. CompensationforFences Theamountofcompensationfora fenceshallbedeterminedbycalculatingthe currentcostpersquaremeterortheunitcostrequiredforconstructinga similar fence. 5. CompensationforCrops 1. Theamountofcompensationforcropsshallbecalculatedbymultiplyingthe amountofyieldthatwouldhavebeencollectedfromthelandatmaturitybythe currentmarketpriceofthecrops. 2. Theownerofripecropsmay,inlieuofcompensation,harvestandcollectthe cropswithintheperiodfixedpursuanttoArticle4oftheProclamation. 6. CompensationforPerennialCrops 1. Theamountofcompensationforunripeperennialcropsshallbedeterminedby calculatingtheestimatedcostforgrowingtheplant. 2. Theamountofcompensationforripeperennialcropsshallbedeterminedonthe basisoftheaverageannualyield,thecurrentlocalmarketpriceof thecropsand thecostofpermanentimprovementonland. 7. CompensationforTrees 1. Theamountofcompensationfortreesshallbedeterminedonthebasisofthe levelof growthof thetreesandthecurrentlocalpricepersquaremeterorper unit. 2. Theowneroftreesmay,inlieuofcompensation,cutandcollectthetrees withintheperiodfixedpursuanttoArticle4oftheProclamation. 8. CompensationforProtectedGrass 1. Theamountofcompensationforprotectedgrassshallbedeterminedonthe basisoftheproductivityofthelandandthecurrentmarketpriceofthegrass persquaremeter. 2. Theownerofprotectedgrassmay,inlieuofcompensation,cutandgatherthe grasswithintheperiodfixedpursuanttoArticle4oftheProclamation. 9. CompensationforPermanentImprovementonRuralLand Theamountofcompensationforpermanentimprovementmadeonarurallandshall bedeterminedbycomputingthemachinery,materialandlabourcostsincurredfor clearing,levellingandterracingtheland,includingthecostsofwaterreservoirand otheragriculturalinfrastructureworks. 10. CompensationforRelocatedProperty Theamountofcompensationforarelocatedpropertyshallbedeterminedby computingtheestimatedcostsoflabour,materialandtransporttobeincurredat marketvalueforremoving,transferringandinstallingtheproperty. 11. CompensationPayabletoaMiningLicensee WhereaminingsiteisexpropriatedpursuanttotheprovisionsoftheProclamation, thecompensationduetothelicenseeshallbedeterminedbytherelevantmininglaw. 12. CompensationforBurial-ground 1. Theamountofcompensationforaburial-groundshallbedeterminedonthe basisoftheestimatedcoststobeincurredforremovingthegravestones, preparingotherburial-ground,transferringandrelocatingthecorpseandfor conductingreligiousandculturalceremoniesinrelationthereto. 2. TheamountofcostsstipulatedunderSub-Article(1)ofthisArticleshallbe determinedonthebasisofthecurrentlocalmarketpricesofmaterials, transportservicesandlabour. 13. Formula Theformulaforcalculatingtheamountofcompensationpayableinaccordancewith theProclamationandtheseRegulationsshallbeasfollows: 1. Compensationforbuilding=costofconstruction(currentvalue). +costofpermanentimprovementonland +theamountofrefundablemoneyfortheremainingtermofleasecontract 2. Compensationforcrops=thetotalareaoftheland(insquaremeters) xvalueofthecropsperkilogram xtheamountofcropstobeobtainedpersquaremeter +costofpermanentimprovementonland 3. CompensationforunripePerennialCrops=numberofplants(legs) xcostincurredtogrowanindividualplant +costofpermanentimprovementonland 4. CompensationforripePerennialcrops=theannualyieldofthePerennial Crops(inKilograms) xthecurrentpriceoftheproduceoftheperennialcrops +costofpermanentimprovementonland 5. CompensationforrelocatedProperty=costofremoval +costoftransferring +costofreinstallation 6. Compensationforprotectedgrass =areacoveredbythegrasspersquaremeter xthecurrentmarketpriceofthegrasspersquaremeter PARTTHREE PROVISIONOFREPLACEMENTLANDANDPAYMENTOFDISPLACEMENT COMPENSATION 14. ProvisionofReplacementUrbanLand Theprovisionofreplacementlandtoanurbandwellerwhoselandholdinghasbeen expropriatedforpublicpurposeshallbegovernedbydirectivesissuedbyRegionalStates inaccordancewithArticle14(2)oftheProclamation. 15. ProvisionofReplacementRuralLand Wherelandusedforgrowingcropsoraprotectedgrassorpastorallandisexpropriatedfor publicpurpose,thepossessorofsuchlandshall,asmuchaspossible,beprovidedwitha plotoflandcapableofservingasimilarpurpose. 16. DisplacementCompensationforLandUsedforCropsandPerennialCrops 1. WhereareplacementlandhasbeenprovidedinaccordancewithArticle15of theseRegulationswithrespecttoexpropriatedlandusedforcropsorperennial crops,displacementcompensationequivalenttothefollowingamounts,shall bepaid: a) Thepriceoftheannualaverageyieldofcropsobtainedfromtheland;or b) Thepriceoftheannualaverageyieldofperennialcropsmultipliedbythe numberofyearsrequiredtoattainthelevelofgrowthoftheperennial crops. 2. Theamountofdisplacementcompensationpayablewithrespecttolandused forgrowingcropsorperennialcropsshall,whereitisimpossibletoprovide replacementlandinaccordancewithArticle15oftheseRegulations,beten timesthepriceoftheaverageyieldofcropsorperennialcropsobtainedfrom theland. 3. Theaverageannualyieldofcropsorperennialcropsshallbecalculatedonthe basisof: a) Theyieldobtainedfromthelandforthelastfiveyears;or b) Wherethelandwasusedforlesthanfiveyears,theyieldobtainedforthe actualearsthelandwasused;or c) Wherethecropsorperennialcropshavenotyetstartedgivingannualyield,the yieldofsimilarcropsorperennialcropsobtainedfromasimilarareaoflandin thelocalityforthelastfiveyears. 17. DisplacementCompensationforProtectedGrassorGrazingLand 1. WhereareplacementlandisprovidedinaccordancewithArticle15ofthese regulationswithrespecttoexpropriatedprotectedgrassorgrazingland, displacementcompensationequivalenttotheannualaverageincomeobtained fromthelandshallbepaid. 2. Theamountofdisplacementcompensationpayablewithrespecttothe protectedgrassorgrazinglandshall,whereitisimpossibletoprovide replacementlandinaccordancewithArticle15oftheseRegulations,beten timestheannualaverageincomeobtainedfromtheland. 3. TheprovisionsofSub-Article(3)ofArticle16oftheseRegulationsshall, mutatismutandis,beapplicablewithrespecttocalculatingtheaverageannual incomederivedfromaprotectedgrassorgrazingland. 18. DisplacementCompensationforProvisionalExpropriationofRuralLand Wherearurallandisexpropriatedonlyforalimitedperiodoftime,the multiplicationfactorforcalculatingthedisplacementcompensationshallbethe numberofyearsforwhichthelandiscleared;provided,however,thatthe compensationobtainedbysuchcalculationshallnotexceedtheamountpayable underArticle16or17oftheseregulations PARTFOUR MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 19. PropertiesForwhichCompensationisnotPayable Thereshallbenopaymentofcompensationwithrespecttoanyconstructionor improvementofabuilding,anycropssown,perennialcropsplantedorany permanentimprovementonland,wheresuchactivityisdoneafterthepossessorof thelandisservedwiththeexpropriationorder. 20. FurnishingofData 1. Thecommitteeshallrequesttherelevantfederal,regionalorotherbodiestofurnish anydatanecessaryfordeterminingthevalueofapropertyinaccordancewiththe ProclamationandtheseRegulations. 2. AnybodyrequestedunderSub-Article(1)ofthisArticleshallhandoverthedata immediatelytotheCommittee. 3. Wherethedataisnotavailablewiththerequestedbodies,thecommitteeshallconduct itsownsurveyonthelocalmarketpriceoftheproperty. 21. RecordsofProperty AWoredaoracityadministrationshall,forthepurposeoftheimplementationofthe ProclamationandtheseRegulations,recordpropertiessituatedonalandholdingsubjectedto anexpropriationorder. 22. Evidence of Possession and Ownership AnypersonwhoclaimsforpaymentofcompensationinaccordancewiththeProclamation andtheseRegulationsshallproduceproofoflegitimatepossessionoftheexpropriated landholdingandownershipofthepropertyentitlingcompensation. 23. ValuationCosts 1. Woredaandcityadministrationsshallcoverthecostsofvaluationofproperties inaccordancewiththeseregulations,includingpaymentofperdiemto membersoftheCommitteeinaccordancewiththerelevantlaws. 2. ThecostsreferredtoSub-Article(1)ofthisArticleshallbecoveredbythe concernedimplementingagencywheretheexpropriationis madeuponits request. 24. EffectiveDate TheseRegulationsshallenterintoforceonthedateoftheirpublicationintheFederal NegaritGazeta. DoneatAddisAbabathis4thdayofJuly2007 MELESZENAWI PRIMEMINISTEROFTHEFEDERALDEMOCRATICREPUBLICOF ETHIOPIA ANNEX 2:LIST OF CONTACTED PERSONS/STAKEHOLDERS 1. Somali Regional State A. Hadigala Woreda No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 AtokedirAbedi Hadigala Woreda administrator 0912811884 2 AtoKedirMohamod Agriculture and LLivstock office head 0910962601 3 Mohamed Abdi Education office head 0915769383 4 Mohamed Abdu Agriculture and Natural resource head 0919088818 5 KedirUmer Environmental Protection office 0949409027 6 W/roKedriabdulafi Women affair office 0915147976 7 Ademyenus Woreda vice spokes person 0962150040 8 Abdinurmohamed Livestock development head 0928159846 9 AbdurahemanResas Woreda Revenue head 0915727574 10 Abdersaaselam Capacity Building head 0915059707 11 HassenYishak Youth and sport office head 0926431874 12 W/Ro NestihoHirsi Finance administration office head 0915073944 No Name of participant Position Phone number 13 YasinMeten Health office head 0915003294 14 ArboMucha Woreda Milisha office Head 0904511802 B. Somali Regional State city Administration No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 AbdiShikur Aden City zone V/administrator 0939114431 2 AbdiUmer ESODEPA zonal head 0915369703 3 AtoAbdiAwale Zone Trade and Industry head 0915018666 C. D. City Zone, Erer Woreda No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 Mohamed Abiker Erer Woreda Head administrator 0967538818 2 Abdi Mohamed Education office head 0930101808 3 AtoBisherAreb Youth and Sport office head 0915725239 4 Ato Mohamed Haji Justice office head 0915237301 5 HashemAbdulahi Woreda militia team office head 0915188470 6 AhemedMussa Woreda Capacity building office head 0922815522 7 AtoFami Mohamed Woreda health office head 0920904926 8 AbtirhaynYesuf Food security office head 0915464615 9 MostofaAbdi Woreda Cooperatives office head 0932302183 10 W/Ro FatumaEsmael Woreda women affairs head 0915065758 11 W/Ro MestihoHabib Woreda Finance office head 0915051330 12 W/Ro DuniyaEbrahim Woreda Revenue office head 0913995819 13 Ato Mohammed Meles Milishia office head 0937555603 14 EsmaelShafi Water office head 0911729116 E. Ayisha Woreda No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 AtoYesuf Haji Aysha Woreda Administrator 0915120886 2 W/Ro Sherifmohamed Finance office head 0930522399 3 Ato Biker Abdulahi Agriculture office head 0915076458 4 AtoArenAbesh Education Office Head 0915214527 5 W/t Firha Mohamed Health Office Head 0915119479 6 Daniel Melaku Woreda youth 0902889970 2. Dire Dawa City Administration No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 W/roAynalemMengesha Women participationprocess owner 0915764533 2 MuradBedewi Culture and tourism office head 0913272772 3 Ahimed Mohamed Mining and Energy office 0913012727 4 YohannesAmare Mayor advisor 0918735840 5 YirsawDereje Environment and forest expert 0928104074 6 AsfawGetahun Social affairs mayor expert 0915760413 Ayan Mohamed Health office head 0912305202 3. Amhara regional state A. Semen Shewa Zone No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 Shimelestibebu North Showa zone finance development head 0924141345 2 BirhanuTaye Zone rural road department head 0911017983 3 Bekelegetaneh Urban development and housing head 0913236860 4 FirehiwotMekonen Women affair office head 0920887162 5 Kebedewoldu Agriculture unit head 0910997363 6 TigistMekuanente Culture and tourism head 0920616322 7 Tilaye Belay Zone grievance office head 0913145876 8 Engidashetbegashaw Technique and vocational head 0911803424 9 TibebuAbera Health department head 0961029699 10 Sisay W/amanuel Civil Service office head 0923770622 11 AynekuluAbebe Education department head 0911776644 12 EfraimMinisher Water department head 0913004144 13 BanchamlakTeferi Social affairs unit head 0911668520 14 BirhaneChekol Finance and Economic Development head 0910065498 15 Kenfuseyfu Zon administration office head 0911777145 16 Demisbeyene Zon administration office expert 0911704162 17 BeletewAbebe Finance and Economy 0921045516 B. DebreBirhan City Administration No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 AtoAklilGetachew City Mayor office head 0911948777 2 GetanehTesfaye Mayor office planning and 0911777854 monitoring team leader 3 TilahunMulugeta Health protection head 0923769851 4 Getachewbelayneh Social affairs 0912030555 5 GetahunMamo Cultural and tourism 0911777070 6 Gebreyezenebe Trade and economic affairs office 0911570126 7 AwurarisArega Environmental protection office head 092038445 8 TemtmeManaye Justice office head 0913221690 4. Afar Regional State A. Afar Regional state Administration ,Semera No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 AwolArba Vice Administrator 0929116895 2 AbahinaKoba Agriculture office head 0911080198 3 ZeharaUmed Women affair 0336660190 4 Abdi Mohamed Water resource 0913287271 5 Mohamed Afke`e Finance and Economy 0933806060 6 UsmanAyinsa Security office 0936639226 7 Ali Mohamed Gerebas Justice office 0911835998 8 Ali Siyelele Livestock office 0966747301 B. Woranso Woreda/Kebele/ No Name of participant Position / Address/ Phone number 1 Hassenali Woranso Kebele Resident 0912740362 2 Hussain Ali Woraso Kebele Resident 0913195049 3 NurihamedAlui Woraso Kebele Resident 0935238366 4 Suko Ali Woraso Kebele Resident 0910912158 5 AwolBedru Woraso Kebele Resident 0983694195 6 Humed Hindi Woraso Kebele Resident 0900762705 7 SibehuHabbib Woraso Kebele Resident 0909935712 8 NuriHureto Woraso Kebele Resident 0989407441 9 Sedik Mohamed Woraso Kebele Resident 0913336826 C. Elidar Woreda No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 AbdelaSulemomin Woreda Administrator 0911420609 2 Ahmed Abdela Education office head 0929461606 3 Abedelaalihmudu Water Resource 0910071186 4 Ebrahim Mohamed Communication Affairs 0913671241 5 AsenakebirAwul Woreda Expert 0910838183 6 HussainSule Pastoralist office 0911081811 7 Mohamed ali Government spokes man 0983182423 8 UmerAmfro Elidar Woreda 0910645646 9 Ahmed Abdi Elidar Woreda 0911991722 10 Mohamed Saniali Elidar Woreda 0960762709 11 Faysel Elidar Woreda 0911745143 12 Mohamed Hasen Elidar Woreda 0919951281 13 ArebHasenAgeye Elidar Woreda 0925013237 14 Mohamed Kaloyta Elidar Woreda 0921557065 15 Mohamed Amednur Elidar Woreda 0911394919 16 KedirNuruhussain Elidar Woreda 0911958417 5. Oromia Regional State A. Arsi zone No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 KassoAbureshid Zonal Adiministrator 0911841130 2 KasimKabetoberisso Structural Engineer 0910953558 3 Amanketebo Civil Enginer 0913365571 4 TesfayeSiyum Planning Monitoring 0910779327 5 TadeseWorke Electrical Engineer 0912233552 6 Jemal Mohamed Education office 0913195585 7 KassahunGeda Environment and forest office 0913522926 B. Hitosaworeda No Name of participant Position Phone number 1 Gena Mohamed Main administrator 0912075003 2 FanosieWakie Agriculture v/head 0912129420 3 Lema Tulu Cooperative office 0920167950 4 Rehuma Abu Women affairs 0913301808 5 Abdulhakim Mohamed City mayor 0910781353 6 DemsieNegash Work unit team 0936214796 7 AdemKasso Livestock office 0911922545 8 Husain Denda Water Resource 0964048105 9 Abu esleman Security chief 0913415792 10 Husain Amina Education office 0913960860 11 MuslimiKasim Mining office 0912810494 6. Tigray Regional State A. KaftaHumora Woreda No Name of participant Position 1 T/Giorgis Haile 2 TeklayAbay 3 BerhaneKassahun 4 GezaDAgnew 5 NishaShushay 6 Letemikael K/Maryam 7 AlemuAderajew 8 GaitaGuesh 9 Fisha G/ liul 10 MelakuAdrgna 11 NegasiBirree 12 TadesseWolegebrel B. HintaloWjirat Woreda No Name of participant Position 1 TeferaKebede Land Administration office 2 Hagos G/ Michael 3 AkofaHadish 4 GebreBerhe 5 Mohamed Alu 6 Haftuhader 7 Haile Fitsum 8 GoytomWoldu 9 MehariTadele 10 Mewii W/ kidan 11 KirosBaraki 12 AbrhaAkwol 13 Gebrewoldemariam 14 YemaneTadele 15 GebreMedhin 16 BerehEquar 17 NigusieAbrha 18 Knife Hagos 19 H/Melesyemane 20 BerheHadera 21 Hintsasalen 22 MollaHeregu ANNEX 3: PHOTOS OF CONSULTATION PARTICIPANTS DURING THIS RPF PREPARATION Discussion with Dire Dawa City Administration Discussion with Afar regional Administration Mayor Office Head Oromia Reginal state, Arisi zone Arisi zone, Iteya Woreda Discussion with administrative officials at Humera Site observations and discussion with local peopleat Woreda, Tigray Regional Zone Humera Discussion with Regional Administration Officials Discussion with Gode Woreda Administration Ethiopian SomaliJigjiga Officials, Somali Regional state Discussion with Eastern Shewa zone Administration Discussion with DebreBirhan Administration Officials DebreBirhan Town, Officials Discussion with Women at Erer Woreda Somali Women inclusive Discussion at Afar. Region. With Issa Clan Leaders and Elders at Adigala Woreda, Somali Region ANNEX 4: SAMPLE MINUTES OF MEETING ANNEX 5: REGREP RESETTLEMENT SCREENING FORM REGREP componentname: Location (include map/sketch): (E.g. region, district, etc.) Type of activity : (e.g. new construction, rehabilitation, periodic maintenance) Estimated Cost: (Birr) Proposed Date of Works Commencement Technical Drawing and Specifications (circle answer): Yes No Reviewed : This report is to be kept short and concise. 1. Site Selection: Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred except Physical data: where descriptive detail is essential. Site area in ha Extension of or changes to existing alignment Any existing property to transfer to project Any plans for new construction Refer to project application for this information. 2. Impact Identification and Classification When considering the location of REGREPproject, rate the sensitivity of the proposed site in the following table according to the given criteria. Higher ratings do not necessarily mean that a site is unsuitable – it indicates a real risk of causing adverse impacts involving resettlement and compensation. The following table should be used as a reference. 3. Impact Identification and Classification Site Sensitivity Issues Low Medium High Involuntary resettlement Low population Medium population High population density; major density; dispersed density; mixed towns and villages; low- population; legal ownership and land income families and/or illegal tenure is well-defined; tenure; well-defined ownership of land; communal well-defined water water rights properties; unclear water rights rights 4. Checklist of Impacts Potential for Adverse Impacts REGREP component None Low Med High Unknown Economic or physical resettlement required New settlement pressures created Other (specify): 5. Detailed Questions Public participation/information requirements: Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred except where descriptive detail is essential Does the proposal require, under national or local laws, the public to be informed, consulted or involved? Has consultation been completed? Indicate the timeframe of any outstanding consultation process. Refer to relevant legislative acts in Ethiopia. Land and resettlement: Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred except where descriptive detail is essential. Will people’s livelihoods be affected in any way, therefore requiring some form of compensation? Will people need to be displaced, and therefore require compensation and resettlement assistance? Are the relevant authorities aware of the need for a Resettlement Process, involving a census, valuation, consultation, compensation, evaluation and monitoring? What level or type of compensation is planned? Who will monitor actual payments? 6. Social system guidelines Screening Information Social system screening information Yes No 1 Will the project reduce other people’s access to their economic resources, like land, pasture, water, public services or other resources that they depend on? 2 Will the project result in resettlement of individuals or families or require the acquisition of land (public or private, temporarily or permanently) for its development? 3 Will the project result in the temporary or permanent loss of crops, fruit trees and Household infra-structure (such as granaries, outside toilets and kitchens, etc)? 4 Will the project require excavation near any historical, archaeological or cultural heritage site? 5 Might the project adversely affect vulnerable people (e.g. elderly poor pensioners, physically challenged, women, particularly head of Households or widows etc) living in the area? For all issues indicated by “Yes”, the applicant is expected to explain how he/she intends to mitigate them. Implementation of the mitigation measures will require using the Resettlement Action Plan Actions: List outstanding actions to be cleared before REGREP component appraisal. Approval/rejection . Recommendations: *Place tick in applicable box Requires a RAP, to be submitted on date Requires a Census & Land Inventory to be submitted on date Does not require further environmental or social studies Reviewer: Name: Signature: Date: ANNEX 6: CENSUS SURVEY AND LAND ASSET INVENTORY 1. Household Socio-economic Condition of PAPs for National Scaling Solar and Wind Power Development Project Names of Interviewer: Signature Date Name of Supervisor Name of Head of Extended Family : Number of Nuclear Families in Extended Residential Group (including household of head of extended family) Region:__________; Zone:_____________; Woreda:__________; Kebele:_________; Sub-Kebele:_________; Site/Village:_________ 2. Land asset inventory of PAPs for Solar and Wind Power Development Program Survey No. HH head Name No. of family members in the HH Total landholding of the HH (M2) Land to be acquired (M2) Land use type Land loss in percent (%) Loss of assets Residential land Agricultural land Permanent structures Loss of crops Lost type of crop and amount Other (specify) Loss of other yards, wells, etc. Assets Residence (rented) Other losses Business loss Income loss 3. Entitlements of program (REGREP) Affected People Woreda: ________________; Kebele:______________; Sub-Kebele/village:__________________ Survey Name of head of the Compensation for Land Compensation for structures Compensation for crops and trees Compensation for other assets and Total no. HH losses(e.g., graveyards, wells, (Birr) businesses, etc) Quantity Unit Entitlement Quantity Unit Entitlement Quantity Unit Entitlement Quantit Unit price Entitlement (m2) price (Birr) (m2) price (Birr) (m2) price (Birr) y (Birr) per (Birr) (Birr) per (Birr) per (Birr) per (m2) m2 m2 m2 m2 ANNEX 7: OUTLINE OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) 1. Description of the project: General description of the project and identification of the project area. 2. Potential impacts: Identification of a. The project component or activities that give rise to resettlement; b. The zone of impact of such component or activities; c. The alternatives considered to avoid or minimize resettlement; and d. The mechanisms established to minimize resettlement, to the extent possible, during project implementation. 3. Objectives and studies undertaken: The main objectives of the resettlement program and a summary of studies undertaken in support of resettlement planning / implementation, e.g., census surveys, socio-economic studies, meetings, site selection studies…etc. 4. Regulatory framework: Relevant laws of Ethiopia, EEP/MoWIE relevant policies and procedures, WB Performance Standards. 5. Institutional framework: Political structure, NGOs. 6. Stakeholder engagement: Summary of public consultation and disclosure associated with resettlement planning, including engagement with affected households, local and/or national authorities, relevant CBOs and NGOs and other identified stakeholders, including host communities. This should include, at a minimum, a list of key stakeholders identified, the process followed (meetings, focus groups, etc.), issues raised, responses provided, significant grievances (if any) and plan for ongoing engagement throughout the resettlement implementation process. 7. Socioeconomic characteristics: The findings of socioeconomic studies to be conducted in the early stages of project preparation and with the involvement of potentially displaced people, including results of household and census survey, information on vulnerable groups, information on livelihoods and standards of living, land tenure and transfer systems, use of natural resources, patterns of social interaction, social services and public infrastructure. 8. Eligibility: Definition of displaced persons and criteria for determining their eligibility for compensation and other resettlement assistance, including relevant cut-off dates. 9. Valuation of and compensation for losses: The methodology used in valuing losses to determine their replacement cost; and a description of the proposed types and levels of compensation under local law and such supplementary measures as are necessary to achieve replacement cost for lost assets. 10. Magnitude of displacement: Summary of the numbers of persons, households, structures, public buildings, businesses, croplands, churches, etc., to be affected. 11. Entitlement framework: Showing all categories of affected persons and what options they were/are being offered, preferably summarized in tabular form. 12. Livelihood restoration measures: The various measures to be used to improve or restore livelihoods of displaced people. 13. Resettlement sites: Including site selection, site preparation, and relocation, alternative relocation sites considered and explanation of those selected and impacts on host communities. 14. Housing, infrastructure and social services: Plans to provide (or to finance resettlers' provision of) housing, infrastructure (e.g., water supply, feeder roads), and social services (e.g., schools, health services); plans to ensure comparable services to host populations; any necessary site development, engineering, and architectural designs for these facilities. 15. Grievance procedures: Affordable and accessible procedures for third-party settlement of disputes arising from resettlement; such grievance mechanisms should take into account the availability of judicial recourse and community and traditional dispute settlement mechanisms. 16. Organizational responsibilities: The organizational framework for implementing resettlement, including identification of agencies responsible for delivery of resettlement measures and provision of services; arrangements to ensure appropriate coordination between agencies and jurisdictions involved in implementation; and any measures (including technical assistance) needed to strengthen the implementing agencies' capacity to design and carry out resettlement activities; provisions for the transfer to local authorities or resettlers themselves of responsibility for managing facilities and services provided under the project and for transferring other such responsibilities from the resettlement implementing agencies, when appropriate. 17. Implementation schedule: An implementation schedule covering all resettlement activities from preparation through implementation, including target dates for the achievement of expected benefits to resettlers and hosts, and implementing the various forms of assistance. The schedule should indicate how the resettlement activities are linked to the implementation of the overall project. 18. Costs and budget: Tables showing itemized cost estimates for all resettlement activities, including allowances for inflation, population growth, and other contingencies; timetables for expenditures; sources of funds; and arrangements for timely flow of funds, and funding for resettlement, if any, in areas outside the jurisdiction of the implementing agencies. 19. Monitoring, evaluation and reporting: Arrangements for monitoring of resettlement activities by the implementing agency, supplemented by independent monitors to ensure complete and objective information; performance monitoring indicators to measure inputs, outputs, and outcomes for resettlement activities; involvement of the displaced persons in the monitoring process; evaluation of the impact of resettlement for a reasonable period after all resettlement and related development activities have been completed; using the results of resettlement monitoring to guide subsequent implementation. ANNEX 8: REGREP GRIEVANCE MECHANISM FORMS Annex 8-A: REGREP - GRIEVANCE STATEMENT FORM Nameof the Complainant: Address (Woreda/Town/Keble/Village): Phone Number (if available): Gender: Age: Grievance Subject: Grievance Reference number: Grievance Statement: Complainant Signature: Name/Signature of the IPP Project Officer: Date: Annex 8-B: REGREP - GRIEVANCE RECEIPT AKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM This form is for acknowledging of receipt of your Grievance; REGREP Implementing Agency/IPP Officer commits that will inform you the investigation of your Grievance within thirty days (30) from the receipt of your Grievance Name of the Complainant: Full Address(Woreda/Town/Kebele/Village): Phone number of the Complainant (if available): Grievance Reference number: Place where the Grievance received: Brief Description/ Subject of the Grievance Name of the Officer who received the Grievance: Name and Signature of IPP/ Project Implementing Agency Officer, receiving the Grievance: Date: Annex 8-C: REGREP - GRIEVANCE INVESTIGATION FORM Name of the Complainant: Address (Woreda/Town/Kebele/Village): Phone Number (if available): Gender: Age: Grievance Subject: Grievance Reference number: Grievance Investigation details/Facts: Investigator Name and Signature at the GRC: Date: Annex 8-D: REGREP - GRIEVANCE INVESTIGATION OUTOME FORM Grievance Reference Number: Complainant Name: Address: Town/Village: Phone number: Grievance Subject: Investigation Completion Date: Investigation details: I agree that I have received the outcome of the Investigation Signature:Name of the Complainant:Date: I agree that I have been informed with respect on the Investigation outcome of my Grievance. I accept the outcome and that I have no objection.