75576 2007 THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON AFRICA Copyright ©2008 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing October 2007 ISBN: 978–0–8213–6971–5 e–ISBN: 978–0–8213–6972–2 DOI: 10.1596/978–0–8213–6971–5 SKU: 16971 The Little Data Book on Africa 2007 is a product of the Office of the Chief Economist for the Africa Region and the Operational Quality and Knowledge Services Group of the World Bank. Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, UK. Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Burkina Faso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Cameroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Cape Verde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Central African Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Comoros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Congo, Dem. Rep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Congo, Rep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Côte d’Ivoire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Djibouti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Egypt, Arab Rep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Equatorial Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Eritrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Gambia, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Guinea-Bissau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Mauritania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Mauritius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 São Tomé and Principe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Seychelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Sierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Swaziland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Zambia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 iii Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Africa 2007 is a product of the Office of the Chief Economist for the Africa Region and the Operational Quality and Knowl- edge Services Group. It was prepared by a team led by Jorge Arbache and Rose Mungai and comprising Mehdi Akhlaghi, Mpho Chinyolo, Francoise Genouille, Jane Njuguna, and Christophe Rockmore. John Page, chief economist for the Africa Region, provided overall guidance and supervision. Meta de Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communi- cations Development Incorporated provided design, editing, and layout. iv 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Introduction The Little Data Book on Africa 2007 is a pocket edition of Africa Develop- ment Indicators 2007. It contains some 100 key indicators on economics, human development, governance, and partnership and is intended as a quick reference for users of the Africa Development Indicators 2007 book and African Development Indicators Online. The country tables present the latest available data for World Bank member countries in Africa. For more information about the Africa Development Indicators suite of products, please visit our web site at www.worldbank.org/afr or email adi@worldbank.org. To order The Little Data Book on Africa 2007, Africa Development Indicators 2007, African Development Indicators 2007 CD-ROM, or Africa Development Indicators Online, please visit the publications web site at www.worldbank. org/publications, email books@worldbank.org, or call 1-800-645-7247 or 703-661-1580. Discounts apply for residents of Africa. The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 v Data notes Dollars are current U.S. dollars unless otherwise specified. Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year. Data are for 2005 or 2006, except where otherwise noted. Figures in ital- ics indicate that data are for 2000–04. .. indicates that data are not available. — is not applicable. vi 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country tables The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 1 Algeria Country North data Africa Population (millions) 32.9 152.9 Population growth (%) 1.5 .. GNI per capita ($) 2,730 2,024     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 43 55 GDP ($ millions) 101,786 313,443 GDP growth (%) 5.3 4.5 GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,121 1,928 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.7 2.8 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 146 106 Current account balance (% of GDP) 21.3 9.4 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 1.2 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 41.3 29.4 Total external debt (% of GDP) 16.6 27.3     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 54.4 34.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.1 22.6 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.1 13.9 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 111.8 105.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 83.1 77.1 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 20.3 24.9 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 24 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 22 .. Time to register a property (days) 51 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 397 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 504 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 76 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 9 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 45 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 94 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 12 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 174 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 45 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 12 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 39 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 34 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 27 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 45 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 62 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 11 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 12.7 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 25 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 7 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 130 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 129 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,466 1,450 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 40 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23 32 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 133 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 83 85 Export diversification index (%) 2.1 .. 2 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country North data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 1,020 7,393 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 10,290     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 71 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34 30 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 39 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 96 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 10 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 83 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 0.09 0.22 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 500 37,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 1 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 96 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 25 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 102 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 58 51 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 80 75 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 35 26 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 88 96 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 80 86 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 82 62 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 99 91 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 494 414 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 58 85 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capable states     CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles .. — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.10 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.39 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.83 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.89 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.35 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.61 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.63 — Partnership     Net aid ($ millions) 371 2,349 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.4 0.7 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 11 15 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 290 1,524 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 9 99 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 71 727 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 3.0 5.9 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. .. Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 3 Angola Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 15.9 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.9 .. GNI per capita ($) 1,410 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 26 27 GDP ($ millions) 32,811 629,793 GDP growth (%) 20.6 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 937 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 17.2 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 220 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) 12.9 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 37.7 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 35.8 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 32.8 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 7.5 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 2.8 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 16.5 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 0.8 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 124 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 487 .. Time to register a property (days) 334 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 1,011 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 272 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 64 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 16 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 64 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 52 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 87 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 42 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 41 .. Real interest rate (%) 17 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 5 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 13 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 51 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 6 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 3 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 12 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 34 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) .. .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 31 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 597 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.1 .. 4 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 1,639 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 41 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 154 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 260 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 45 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 31 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 45 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 3.68 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 30,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 72 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 81 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 90 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 73 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 75 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 40 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 16 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 56 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 75 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 11 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.70 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.20 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.14 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.25 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.51 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.20 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.20 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.29 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 442 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 1.3 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 28 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 258 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 183 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 5 Benin Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 8.4 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.1 .. GNI per capita ($) 460 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 39 27 GDP ($ millions) 4,287 629,793 GDP growth (%) 2.9 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 323 572 GDP per capita growth (%) –0.3 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 157 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –6.5 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –10.3 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 17.4 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 43.3 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 6.9 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.6 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 96.2 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 32.5 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.0 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 82 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 31 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 173 .. Time to register a property (days) 50 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 720 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 69 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 6 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 46 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 56 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 77 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 160 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 22 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 172 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 17 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 61 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 82 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 49 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 65 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 47 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 87 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 83 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 69 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 35.0 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 25 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 188 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 1 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,147 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 92 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 2.9 .. 6 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 14 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 101 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 55 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 36 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 89 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 150 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 75 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 30 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 85 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 1.79 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 9,600 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 65 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 47 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 45 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 73 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 70 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 86 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 53 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 78 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 57 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 11 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 59 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 51 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 6 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 98 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 10 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 50 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 32 ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.60 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.50 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.81 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.33 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.38 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.50 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.37 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.54 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 349 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 8.1 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 41 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 207 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 142 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 54.3 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 460 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 7 Botswana Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 1.8 743.7 Population growth (%) –0.2 .. GNI per capita ($) 5,590 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 18 27 GDP ($ millions) 10,445 629,793 GDP growth (%) 4.0 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,559 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.2 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 130 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) 14.4 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 40.1 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 4.5 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 51.8 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.7 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 104.5 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 75.1 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 4.5 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 78 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 108 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 11 .. Time to register a property (days) 30 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 501 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 8 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 53 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 1 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 20 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 13 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 21 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 23 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 43 .. Real interest rate (%) 6 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 19 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 8 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 31 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 11 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 7 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 24 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 1.5 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 9 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 122 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 159 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 241 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 99 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.3 .. 8 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 60 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 35 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 87 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 120 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 90 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 24.10 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 18,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 92 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 26 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 94 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 102 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 56 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 65 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 47 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 100 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 90 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 25 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 57 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 541 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 34 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 5.60 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.81 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.57 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 1.23 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.74 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.48 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.63 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 71 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.7 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 40 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 52 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 19 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 3.2 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 9 Burkina Faso Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 13.2 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.1 .. GNI per capita ($) 400 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 21 27 GDP ($ millions) 5,698 629,793 GDP growth (%) 7.1 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 260 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.8 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 166 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –10.4 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –3.7 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 14.1 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 35.9 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 3.9 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.2 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 57.7 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 14.0 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.4 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 96 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 34 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 121 .. Time to register a property (days) 107 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 446 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 51 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 3 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 64 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 30 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 10 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 61 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 10 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 56 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 17 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 5 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 30 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 19 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 37 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 20 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 4 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 4 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 941 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 122 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.4 .. 10 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 23 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 49 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 46 .. Gini index 40 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 96 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 191 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 38 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 38 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 84 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 2.01 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 12,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 31 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 47 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 33 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 77 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 83 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 89 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 77 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 94 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 54 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 6 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 42 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 54 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 1 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 51 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 20 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 5 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 25 ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.70 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.20 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.44 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.32 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.19 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.79 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.40 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.49 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 660 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 11.6 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 50 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 339 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 319 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 95.1 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 930 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 11 Burundi Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 7.5 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.6 .. GNI per capita ($) 100 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 31 27 GDP ($ millions) 800 629,793 GDP growth (%) 0.9 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 105 572 GDP per capita growth (%) –2.7 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 101 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –5.2 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 19.6 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 165.2 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –23.1 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.8 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 84.9 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 13.5 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.3 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 98 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 43 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 222 .. Time to register a property (days) 94 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 403 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 287 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 4 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 59 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 137 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 37 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 480 .. Real interest rate (%) 2 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 21 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 14 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 0 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 37 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 3 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 4 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 16 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 41 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 0 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 26 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 2 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,329 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 71 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.3 .. 12 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 2 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 45 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 114 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 190 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 75 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 3.26 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 13,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 36 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 49 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 83 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 91 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 91 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 91 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 92 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 77 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 35 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 47 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 18 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 5 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.00 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.40 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.08 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.04 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.35 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.29 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.18 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.96 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 365 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 45.6 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 48 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 181 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 184 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 172.2 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,472 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) D — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 13 Cameroon Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 16.3 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.8 .. GNI per capita ($) 1,010 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 36 27 GDP ($ millions) 16,875 629,793 GDP growth (%) 2.0 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 739 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.3 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 140 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –3.6 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 17.3 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 42.4 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 16.2 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 116.7 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 44.3 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 6.1 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 85 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 37 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 152 .. Time to register a property (days) 93 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 800 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 8 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 1,300 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 46 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 4 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 56 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 58 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 13 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 108 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 46 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 107 .. Real interest rate (%) 12 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 9 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 5 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 37 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 3 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 33 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 13 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 15 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 1.2 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 59 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 1 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,727 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 110 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 110 110 Export diversification index (%) 3.6 .. 14 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 303 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 46 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 40 .. Gini index 45 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 87 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 149 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 62 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 18 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 68 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 5.43 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 46,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 62 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 48 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 83 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 66 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 81 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 51 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 86 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 44 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 43 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 58 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 77 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 16 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 102 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 5 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 15 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 20 ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.20 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.30 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.94 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.02 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.22 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.89 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.69 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.02 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 414 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 2.5 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 25 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 336 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 77 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 23.6 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 4,917 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 15 Cape Verde Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 0.5 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.3 .. GNI per capita ($) .. 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 248 27 GDP ($ millions) 999 629,793 GDP growth (%) 11.9 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,343 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 9.3 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 147 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –4.4 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 23.7 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 54.6 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –15.8 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 108.0 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 67.7 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 6.9 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 85 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 52 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 46 .. Time to register a property (days) 83 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 465 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 1 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 100 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 54 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 10 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 44 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 0 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 13 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 9 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) 12 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 39 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 35 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 13 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 16 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 36 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 1.0 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 4 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 48 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 3 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 156 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 2.6 .. 16 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 41 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 121 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 35 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 65 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) .. 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS .. 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 81 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 26 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 96 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 100 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 54 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 78 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 32 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 86 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 73 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 19 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 61 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 302 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 49 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 4.10 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) .. — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.66 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.85 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.89 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.17 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.21 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.61 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 161 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 16.1 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 317 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 104 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 56 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 121.9 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place Yes — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 17 Central African Republic Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 4.0 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.3 .. GNI per capita ($) 350 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 2 27 GDP ($ millions) 1,369 629,793 GDP growth (%) 2.2 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 227 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.9 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 149 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –2.8 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –0.5 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 8.3 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 74.2 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 10.3 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.8 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 7.2 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 55.6 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 11.6 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.6 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 14 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 209 .. Time to register a property (days) 69 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 660 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 504 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 210 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 73 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) 15 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 7 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 3 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 0 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,042 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 122 110 Export diversification index (%) 3.5 .. 18 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 6 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 39 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 115 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 193 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 35 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 10.73 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 24,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 23 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 65 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 80 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 89 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 70 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 93 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 61 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 12 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 47 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 27 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 3 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.40 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.40 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.06 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.06 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.69 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.41 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.23 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.55 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 95 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 7.0 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 24 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 62 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 33 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 48.5 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 19 Chad Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 9.7 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.1 .. GNI per capita ($) 400 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 5 27 GDP ($ millions) 5,896 629,793 GDP growth (%) 8.6 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 286 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 5.2 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 211 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) 3.0 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 12.4 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 27.7 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 35.6 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.0 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 77.0 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 15.5 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.2 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 50 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 75 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 226 .. Time to register a property (days) 44 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 743 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 3 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 122 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 68 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 60 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 4 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) –2 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 3 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 49 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 0 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 671 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.1 .. 20 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 124 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 44 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 124 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 208 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 14 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 37 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 23 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 3.52 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 11,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 32 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 63 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 60 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 67 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 71 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 64 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 41 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 43 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 4 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 24 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 20 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 0 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 14 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 4 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 4 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 5 ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.80 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.00 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.18 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.39 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.81 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.37 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.15 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.36 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 380 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 6.4 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 39 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 167 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 213 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 143.1 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 260 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 21 Comoros Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 0.6 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.1 .. GNI per capita ($) 650 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 174 27 GDP ($ millions) 387 629,793 GDP growth (%) 4.2 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 386 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.1 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 167 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –3.4 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 15.7 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 74.6 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –12.9 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.3 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 4.8 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 85.5 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 35.2 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.3 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 23 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 192 .. Time to register a property (days) 24 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 721 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 100 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 48 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 46 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) 9 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 8 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 38 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 1 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,338 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 2.6 .. 22 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 2 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 68 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 63 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 53 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 71 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 80 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 0.10 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 100 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 51 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 35 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 84 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 72 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 87 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 57 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 92 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 82 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 29 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 41 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 55 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 33 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.40 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) .. — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.59 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.25 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.15 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.70 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.52 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.93 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 25 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 6.5 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 42 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 17 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 8 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 48.4 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 23 Congo, Dem. Rep. Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 57.5 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.0 .. GNI per capita ($) 120 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 3 27 GDP ($ millions) 7,104 629,793 GDP growth (%) 6.5 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 91 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.3 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 136 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –7.6 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –0.1 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 20.0 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 149.2 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 5.9 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.2 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 61.7 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 22.1 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 155 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 481 .. Time to register a property (days) 57 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 685 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 3 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 312 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 235 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 4 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 78 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 178 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 29 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 68 .. Real interest rate (%) 26 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 2 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 5 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 0 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 56 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 10 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 14 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 46 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 16 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 4 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 767 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 166 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 28 110 Export diversification index (%) 4.1 .. 24 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 551 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 44 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 129 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 205 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 61 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 31 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 70 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 3.23 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 90,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 39 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 34 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 70 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 73 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 76 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 91 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 61 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 82 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 29 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 25 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 42 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 48 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 2 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 26 ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.80 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.00 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.43 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.62 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –2.31 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.61 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.51 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.68 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,828 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 25.7 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 32 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,034 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 793 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 310.3 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 10,389 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) D — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 25 Congo, Rep. Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 4.0 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.9 .. GNI per capita ($) 950 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 17 27 GDP ($ millions) 5,971 629,793 GDP growth (%) 7.7 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 994 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.6 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 150 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) 10.9 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 6.4 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 39.4 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 99.4 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 58.7 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 87.7 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 38.6 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.6 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 91 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 71 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 215 .. Time to register a property (days) 137 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 560 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 576 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 57 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 69 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 35 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 51 .. Real interest rate (%) 10 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 3 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 5 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 14 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 806 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 86 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.3 .. 26 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 732 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 81 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 108 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 86 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 56 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 6 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 5.27 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 11,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 57 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 83 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 97 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 89 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 77 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 93 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 62 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 84 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 27 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 25 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 28 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 51 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 16 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 102 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 2 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 13 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.80 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.20 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.06 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.10 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.97 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.31 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.19 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.25 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,449 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 24.3 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 362 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,360 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 89 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 183.2 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 2,881 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 27 Côte d’Ivoire Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 18.2 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.6 .. GNI per capita ($) 870 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 50 27 GDP ($ millions) 16,055 629,793 GDP growth (%) –0.3 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 564 572 GDP per capita growth (%) –1.9 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 157 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) 2.6 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –1.5 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 17.8 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 66.9 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 20.4 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.3 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 8.4 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 71.8 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 24.9 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 45 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 134 .. Time to register a property (days) 32 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 525 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 46 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 45 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 252 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 14 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 330 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 12 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,262 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 123 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 116 110 Export diversification index (%) 5.6 .. 28 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 283 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 46 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 45 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 118 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 195 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 68 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 17 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 51 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 7.06 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 65,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 43 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 42 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 67 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 64 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 89 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 38 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 97 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 74 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 29 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 46 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 108 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 11 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.50 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.10 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.16 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.44 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –2.09 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.42 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.09 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.51 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 119 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.7 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 7 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 151 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) –32 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 9.0 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 29 Djibouti Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 0.8 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.8 .. GNI per capita ($) .. 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 31 27 GDP ($ millions) 709 629,793 GDP growth (%) 3.2 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 798 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.4 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 112 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –4.1 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 30.9 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 59.8 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 7.3 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.3 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 40.1 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 23.9 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.3 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 93 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 37 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 222 .. Time to register a property (days) 49 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 1,225 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 114 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 42 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 46 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 20 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) .. .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 60 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,500 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 14.8 .. 30 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 60 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 88 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 133 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 61 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 27 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 65 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 3.11 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 1,200 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 32 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 35 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 75 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) .. 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) .. 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) .. 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 76 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 59 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 50 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 88 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 69 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 13 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.10 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles .. — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.60 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.67 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.99 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.20 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.01 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.93 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.80 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 79 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 11.1 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 99 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 54 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 23 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 40.2 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 31 Egypt, Arab Rep. Country North data Africa Population (millions) 74.0 152.9 Population growth (%) 1.9 .. GNI per capita ($) 1,390 2,024     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 90 55 GDP ($ millions) 89,686 313,443 GDP growth (%) 4.5 4.5 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,617 1,928 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.5 2.8 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 75 106 Current account balance (% of GDP) 3.2 9.4 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –5.7 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 24.5 29.4 Total external debt (% of GDP) 38.0 27.3     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 15.7 34.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 22.6 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 9.1 13.9 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 100.7 105.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 87.1 77.1 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 32.6 24.9 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 19 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 69 .. Time to register a property (days) 193 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 1,010 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 536 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 50 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 5 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 53 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 80 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 14 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 137 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 93 .. Real interest rate (%) 8 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 52 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 64 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 50 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 25 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 9 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 80 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 37 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 26 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 28.1 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 30 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 100 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 4,322 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 309 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 7,516 1,450 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 40 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33 32 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 108 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 85 Export diversification index (%) 22.6 .. 32 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country North data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 3,863 7,393 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 4,330 10,290     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 71 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 30 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 33 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 74 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 9 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 98 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 0.10 0.22 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 500 37,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 1 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 95 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 22 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 47 51 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 73 75 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 22 26 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 99 96 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 97 86 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 58 62 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 86 91 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 325 414 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 68 85 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles .. — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.30 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.41 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.08 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.87 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.41 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.44 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.00 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 926 2,349 Net aid (% of GDP) 1.0 0.7 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 13 15 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 659 1,524 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 29 99 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 238 727 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 8.1 5.9 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. — Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place Yes — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 33 Equatorial Guinea Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 0.5 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.3 .. GNI per capita ($) .. 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 268 27 GDP ($ millions) 7,520 629,793 GDP growth (%) 6.9 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 7,533 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.5 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 198 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –4.3 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 15.3 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 3.5 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 86.9 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 37.7 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 27.6 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 114.1 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 29.7 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 90 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 136 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 101 .. Time to register a property (days) 23 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 553 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 212 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 62 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 66 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) 29 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 5 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) .. .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 13 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 97 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 144 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 148 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.2 .. 34 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 1,869 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 42 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 123 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 205 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 51 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 3.20 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 1,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 54 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 32 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 82 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 70 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 91 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 50 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 45 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 42 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 46 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 60 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 212 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 14 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.10 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.53 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.80 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.15 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.32 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.38 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.21 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 39 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.5 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 77 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 30 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 9 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 17.3 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 35 Eritrea Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 4.4 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.9 .. GNI per capita ($) 180 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 10 27 GDP ($ millions) 970 629,793 GDP growth (%) 0.5 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 172 572 GDP per capita growth (%) –3.4 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 128 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –14.9 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 54.0 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 75.8 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –26.8 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 4.7 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 64.1 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 31.4 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.1 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 73 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 76 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 116 .. Time to register a property (days) 101 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 305 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 216 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 86 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 3 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 20 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 65 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 94 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 256 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 31 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 29 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 3 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 12 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 29 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 29 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 57 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 37 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 5.1 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 41 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 65 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 8 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 405 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 85 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 15.4 .. 36 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 10 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 223 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 55 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 50 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 78 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 28 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 40 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 84 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 37 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 2.36 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 5,600 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 51 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 48 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 70 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 74 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 90 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 58 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 74 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 57 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 3 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 32 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 18 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 16 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.50 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.90 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.17 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.81 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.87 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.24 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.87 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.99 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 355 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 36.6 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 81 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 226 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) –3 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 132 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 82.1 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 37 Ethiopia Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 71.3 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.8 .. GNI per capita ($) 160 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 11 27 GDP ($ millions) 11,373 629,793 GDP growth (%) 10.2 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 145 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 8.2 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 110 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –8.6 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –7.9 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 15.8 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 55.0 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –1.6 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 93.4 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 31.3 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.7 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 64 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 16 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 46 .. Time to register a property (days) 43 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 690 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 212 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 33 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 4 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 34 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 106 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 0 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 155 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 12 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 36 .. Real interest rate (%) 1 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 25 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 38 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 38 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 5 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 18 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 9 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 72 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 50 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 42 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 4.5 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 18 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 151 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 3 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,244 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 75 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 3.6 .. 38 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 150 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 174 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 43 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 80 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 127 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 6 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 38 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 59 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) .. 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS .. 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 55 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 72 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 50 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 76 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 80 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 89 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 70 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 81 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 11 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 7 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 44 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 86 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 14 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 35 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 2 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 17 ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.40 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.40 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.55 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.08 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.82 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.61 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.82 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.64 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,937 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 17.0 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 27 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,202 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 30 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 706 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 123.7 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,275 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place Yes — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 39 Gabon Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 1.4 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.6 .. GNI per capita ($) 5,010 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 34 27 GDP ($ millions) 8,666 629,793 GDP growth (%) 3.0 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 3,991 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.4 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 157 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) 23.7 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 11.5 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 45.0 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 67.2 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 129.5 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 50.1 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 60 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 163 .. Time to register a property (days) 60 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 880 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 272 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 48 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 59 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 36 .. Real interest rate (%) 8 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 9 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 9 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 46 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,641 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 134 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 103 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.7 .. 40 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) –276 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 5 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 54 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 60 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 91 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 12 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 55 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 7.88 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 4,700 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 66 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 36 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 96 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 71 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 83 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 60 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 95 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 47 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 30 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 37 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 498 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 48 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.00 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.84 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.96 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.11 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.63 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.45 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.59 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 54 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.6 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 39 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 30 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 24 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 8.1 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 41 Gambia, The Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 1.5 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.6 .. GNI per capita ($) 460 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 46 27 GDP ($ millions) 461 629,793 GDP growth (%) 5.0 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 335 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.3 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 91 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –14.5 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 19.8 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 145.6 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 4.4 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.0 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 81.4 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 46.8 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.2 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 86 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 27 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 292 .. Time to register a property (days) 371 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 247 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 2 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 376 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 291 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 5 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 27 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 25 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 374 .. Real interest rate (%) 29 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 13 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 28 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 7 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 12 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 54 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 25 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 1 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,123 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 74 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 53 110 Export diversification index (%) 4.6 .. 42 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 46 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 57 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 97 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 137 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 84 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 2.44 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 1,300 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 35 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 97 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 72 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 86 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 58 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 95 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 77 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 46 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 72 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 192 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 33 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.10 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.50 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.64 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.90 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.18 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.73 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.38 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.28 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 58 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 12.6 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 38 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 15 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 43 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 147.7 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 90 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 43 Ghana Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 22.1 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.0 .. GNI per capita ($) 310 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 47 27 GDP ($ millions) 10,720 629,793 GDP growth (%) 5.9 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 287 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.8 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 169 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –7.0 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –2.9 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 24.0 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 62.9 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 3.4 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.0 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 88.4 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 43.6 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 5.2 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 86 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 81 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 50 .. Time to register a property (days) 382 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 552 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 7 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 304 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 32 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 34 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 44 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 210 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 16 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 74 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 9 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,458 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 85 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 110 110 Export diversification index (%) 4.3 .. 44 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 145 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 26 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 57 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 68 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 112 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 47 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 22 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 83 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 5 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 2.27 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 29,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 72 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 33 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 91 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 72 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 75 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 70 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 88 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 64 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 11 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 27 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 77 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 21 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 143 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 17 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 18 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.90 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.30 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.12 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.37 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.23 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.05 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.09 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.13 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,120 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 10.4 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 51 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 603 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 14 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 503 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 68.2 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,500 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place Yes — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 45 Guinea Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 9.4 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.9 .. GNI per capita ($) 380 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 14 27 GDP ($ millions) 3,327 629,793 GDP growth (%) 3.3 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 385 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.1 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 92 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –4.6 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 12.8 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 97.6 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 11.1 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 10.4 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 81.4 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 30.5 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.0 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 49 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 187 .. Time to register a property (days) 104 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 276 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 416 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 49 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 4 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 41 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 59 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 21 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 180 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 5 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 3 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 0 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 59 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 3 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 8 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 61 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 30 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 5 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,468 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 89 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 3.3 .. 46 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 64 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 1 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 54 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 39 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 97 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 160 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 56 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 59 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 0 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 1.52 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 7,100 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 55 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 45 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 47 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 74 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 84 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 89 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 79 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 78 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 35 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 11 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 31 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 63 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 20 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 24 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 5 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.90 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 1.90 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.96 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.15 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.72 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.44 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.05 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.40 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 182 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 5.5 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 19 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 128 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 54 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 97.4 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 800 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 47 Guinea-Bissau Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 1.6 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.0 .. GNI per capita ($) 180 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 11 27 GDP ($ millions) 301 629,793 GDP growth (%) 3.5 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 135 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.5 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 141 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –3.4 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 17.6 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 230.0 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 1.5 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 4.2 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 69.7 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 17.8 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 0.4 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 233 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 261 .. Time to register a property (days) 211 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 1,140 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 0 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 208 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 48 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 6 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 77 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 21 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 110 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 28 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 123 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 2 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 5 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 6 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 70 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 5 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 20 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 41 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 80 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 1 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,220 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 87 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.1 .. 48 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 17 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 45 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 124 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 200 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 80 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 3.79 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 2,700 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 27 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 44 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 65 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 77 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 93 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 62 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 79 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 49 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 23 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 57 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 8 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 20 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.60 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 4.40 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.99 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.41 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.59 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.16 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.06 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.22 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 79 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 26.3 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 50 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 39 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 40 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 144.4 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 790 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 49 Kenya Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 34.3 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.3 .. GNI per capita ($) 530 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 34 27 GDP ($ millions) 19,193 629,793 GDP growth (%) 5.8 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 442 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.4 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 127 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –4.6 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –1.5 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 18.6 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 32.1 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 9.0 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.6 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 114.1 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 48.9 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.9 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 92 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 54 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 46 .. Time to register a property (days) 73 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 360 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 432 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 74 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 4 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 28 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 84 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 99 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 13 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 111 .. Real interest rate (%) 8 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 26 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 50 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 72 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 51 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 70 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 68 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 72 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 47 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 22.5 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 28 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 310 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 28 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,322 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 103 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 15.2 .. 50 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 134 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 49 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 79 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 120 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 42 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 20 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 69 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 5 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 6.09 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 140,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 95 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 40 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 94 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 79 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 89 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 68 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 83 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 46 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 41 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 46 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 51 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 4 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 143 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 37 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 6 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 32 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.70 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.20 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.97 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.18 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.09 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.69 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.21 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.98 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 768 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 4.0 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 22 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 495 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 14 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 260 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 23.9 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) D — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 51 Lesotho Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 1.8 743.7 Population growth (%) –0.2 .. GNI per capita ($) 940 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 48 27 GDP ($ millions) 1,457 629,793 GDP growth (%) 2.9 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 547 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.1 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 148 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) 1.7 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 5.2 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 47.6 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 47.3 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –4.8 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.1 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 27.1 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 131.6 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 38.7 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.4 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 85 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 73 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 40 .. Time to register a property (days) 101 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 695 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 2 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 352 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 26 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 2 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 35 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 43 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 19 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 74 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 6 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) 8 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 8 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 31 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 35 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 24 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 38 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 46 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 42 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 54 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 35 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 17.6 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 30 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 342 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 61 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 936 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 88 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 124 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 133 110 Export diversification index (%) 5.6 .. 52 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 69 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 9 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 35 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 102 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 132 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 55 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 85 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 23.24 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 23,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 67 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 42 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 103 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 58 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 73 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 46 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 92 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 76 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 32 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 61 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 28 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 1 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 163 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 46 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 11 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 24 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.50 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.20 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.05 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.25 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.16 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.27 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.62 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.25 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 69 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 4.7 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 38 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 39 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 30 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 27.8 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 53 Liberia Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 3.3 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.3 .. GNI per capita ($) 130 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 5 27 GDP ($ millions) 529 629,793 GDP growth (%) 5.3 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 135 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.9 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 119 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –1.7 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 5.4 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 487.9 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 2.4 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 4.3 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. .. Time to register a property (days) .. .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. Total tax payable (% of profit) .. .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) 7 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 7 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) .. .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 9 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 917 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.8 .. 54 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 0 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 42 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 157 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 235 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 94 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) .. 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS .. 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 67 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 69 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 84 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 55 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 72 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 52 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 7 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 49 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 3 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 0 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.20 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.85 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.55 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.22 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.37 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.64 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.16 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 236 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 44.6 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 72 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 149 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 87 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 399.7 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 55 Libya Country North data Africa Population (millions) 5.9 152.9 Population growth (%) 2.0 .. GNI per capita ($) .. 2,024     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 24 55 GDP ($ millions) 41,667 313,443 GDP growth (%) 6.3 4.5 GDP per capita (2000 $) 6,904 1,928 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.2 2.8 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 103 106 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 9.4 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. 29.4 Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 27.3     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 34.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 22.6 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 13.9 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 107.3 105.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 103.9 77.1 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 56.2 24.9 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. .. Time to register a property (days) .. .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. Total tax payable (% of profit) .. .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 9 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 22 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 341 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 219 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 627 1,450 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 40 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 32 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 85 Export diversification index (%) 1.1 .. 56 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country North data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 7,393 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 10,290     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 71 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 30 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 19 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 97 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) .. 0.22 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS .. 37,000 Physicians per 1,000 people .. .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 106 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 56 51 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 81 75 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 30 26 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) .. 96 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) .. 86 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 96 62 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 97 91 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 156 414 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 36 85 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles .. — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.70 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.89 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.90 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.24 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.86 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.40 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.74 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 24 2,349 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.1 0.7 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 4 15 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 17 1,524 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 4 99 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 4 727 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 5.9 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. — Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 57 Madagascar Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 18.6 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.7 .. GNI per capita ($) 320 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 9 27 GDP ($ millions) 5,040 629,793 GDP growth (%) 4.6 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 233 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.8 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 116 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –10.9 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –22.5 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 10.9 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 68.8 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 8.4 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.5 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 138.5 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.6 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 84 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 21 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 35 .. Time to register a property (days) 134 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 591 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 304 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 43 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 3 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 57 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 49 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 78 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 64 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 19 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) 7 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 10 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 41 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 46 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 33 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 45 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 37 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 45 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 68 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 41 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 14.7 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 30 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 31 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 31 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 12 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 2,380 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 139 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 12.2 .. 58 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 86 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 56 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 47 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 74 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 119 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 51 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 42 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 59 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 0.51 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 2,900 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 58 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 54 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 96 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 82 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 86 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 78 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 77 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 35 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 26 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 48 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 52 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 10 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 31 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 12 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 3 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 5 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.60 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.10 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.25 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.05 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.10 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.18 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.28 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.30 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 929 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 18.4 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 50 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 500 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 429 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 219.2 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,900 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 59 Malawi Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 12.9 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.2 .. GNI per capita ($) 160 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 22 27 GDP ($ millions) 2,076 629,793 GDP growth (%) 2.8 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 154 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.6 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 104 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –23.8 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 25.5 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 152.0 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –9.5 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 3.4 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 122.3 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 28.3 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 0.4 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 82 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 37 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 135 .. Time to register a property (days) 118 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 337 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 878 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 33 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 3 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 21 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 84 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 63 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 108 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 7 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 164 .. Real interest rate (%) 15 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 11 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 6 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 3 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 29 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 5 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 10 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 28 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 19 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 0.6 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 6 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 839 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 6 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,097 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 74 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 75 110 Export diversification index (%) 2.8 .. 60 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 26 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 162 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 41 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 39 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 79 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 125 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 56 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 22 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 82 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 15 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 14.09 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 78,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 61 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 64 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 98 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 88 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 90 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 85 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 98 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 68 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 61 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 62 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 34 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 41 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 27 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 2 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 4 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.40 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.70 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.74 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.31 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.02 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.85 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.64 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.46 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 575 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 27.7 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 45 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 322 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 251 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 166.2 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,000 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place Yes — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 61 Mali Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 13.5 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.0 .. GNI per capita ($) 270 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 4 27 GDP ($ millions) 5,305 629,793 GDP growth (%) 6.1 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 244 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.0 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 161 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –8.6 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 16.5 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 56.0 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 9.8 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 66.4 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 23.9 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.6 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 81 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 42 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 202 .. Time to register a property (days) 33 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 860 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 50 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 6 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 51 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 32 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 10 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 71 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 13 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 15 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 18 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 21 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 49 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 17 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 33 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 22 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 36 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 64 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 24 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 3.9 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 21 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 89 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 5 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 839 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 85 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.5 .. 62 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 61 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 49 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 40 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 120 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 218 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 41 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 33 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 86 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 8 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 1.73 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 11,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 38 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 54 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 75 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 79 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 87 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 72 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 78 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 36 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 39 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 59 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 41 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 70 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 13 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 4 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.70 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.80 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.56 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.34 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.01 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.41 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.41 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.32 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 691 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 13.0 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 51 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 378 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 313 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 131.1 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 895 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 63 Mauritania Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 3.1 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.9 .. GNI per capita ($) 340 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 2 27 GDP ($ millions) 1,837 629,793 GDP growth (%) 5.4 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 429 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.4 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 139 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –50.9 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 24.5 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 124.2 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –15.0 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 44.8 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 93.3 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 20.5 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.2 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 99 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 82 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 122 .. Time to register a property (days) 49 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 400 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 0 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 696 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 104 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 4 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 59 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 42 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 14 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 23 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) 4 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 27 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 36 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 13 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 22 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 13 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 0.4 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 4 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 10 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 59 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 8 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,448 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 95 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 131 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 2.9 .. 64 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 864 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 50 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 54 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 125 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 57 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 32 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 61 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 0.68 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 1,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 45 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 40 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 96 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 69 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 84 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 54 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 59 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 44 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 8 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 49 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 51 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 256 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 8 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 7 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.30 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.10 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.60 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.95 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.29 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.64 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.24 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.43 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 190 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 10.4 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 62 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 125 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 66 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 45.8 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,100 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) B — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 65 Mauritius Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 1.2 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.1 .. GNI per capita ($) .. 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 3,098 27 GDP ($ millions) 6,290 629,793 GDP growth (%) 4.6 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,403 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.7 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 115 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –3.4 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –2.1 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 19.6 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 34.3 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 18.9 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.3 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.8 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 102.2 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 88.6 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 16.9 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 84 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 46 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 8 .. Time to register a property (days) 210 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 630 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 158 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 25 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 3 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 30 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 6 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 23 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 993 .. Real interest rate (%) 16 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 77 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 24 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 36 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 23 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 29 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 25 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 28 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 53 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 13 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 27.8 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 43 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 21 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 2,500 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 37 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 3,455 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 90 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 9.9 .. 66 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) –32 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 154 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 15 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 98 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 0.55 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 100 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 1 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 97 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 22 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 98 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 59 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 79 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 40 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 100 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 100 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 94 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 95 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 862 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 146 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 5.10 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.37 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.86 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.91 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.63 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.58 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.81 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 32 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.5 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 26 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 22 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) –2 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 10 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 3.5 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 67 Morocco Country North data Africa Population (millions) 30.2 152.9 Population growth (%) 1.0 .. GNI per capita ($) 1,900 2,024     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 116 55 GDP ($ millions) 51,621 313,443 GDP growth (%) 1.7 4.5 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,356 1,928 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.6 2.8 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 126 106 Current account balance (% of GDP) 2.4 9.4 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –5.6 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 29.3 29.4 Total external debt (% of GDP) 32.6 27.3     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 18.0 34.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.9 22.6 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 13.9 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 105.1 105.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 49.9 77.1 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 11.3 24.9 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 95 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 12 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 13 .. Time to register a property (days) 46 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 615 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 468 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 53 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 2 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 63 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 6 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 4 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 129 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 62 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 39 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 17 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 29 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 24 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 8 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 63 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 84 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 9 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 16.2 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 21 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 15 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 475 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 58 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 814 1,450 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 40 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43 32 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 98 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 92 85 Export diversification index (%) 34.7 .. 68 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country North data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 1,698 7,393 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 4,567 10,290     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 71 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 30 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 40 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 63 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 10 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 97 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 0.10 0.22 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 1,300 37,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 1 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 80 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 27 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 88 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 54 51 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 81 75 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 27 26 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 99 96 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 56 86 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 52 62 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 88 91 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 455 414 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 152 85 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles .. — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.20 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.06 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.63 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.31 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.02 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.15 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.03 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 652 2,349 Net aid (% of GDP) 1.3 0.7 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 22 15 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 289 1,524 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 54 99 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 309 727 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 5.7 5.9 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. .. Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 69 Mozambique Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 19.8 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.9 .. GNI per capita ($) 280 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 9 27 GDP ($ millions) 6,823 629,793 GDP growth (%) 6.2 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 288 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.3 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 120 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –15.8 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 13.6 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 75.1 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 11.9 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.7 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 13.6 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 104.8 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 13.5 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.2 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 94 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 113 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 86 .. Time to register a property (days) 42 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 1,010 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 7 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 230 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 39 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 54 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 11 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) 12 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 11 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 3 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 59 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 13 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 959 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 80 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.8 .. 70 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 105 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 42 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 47 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 100 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 145 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 48 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 24 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 77 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 10 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 16.11 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 140,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 42 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 66 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 82 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 84 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 82 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 85 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 72 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 26 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 19 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 53 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 30 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 1 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 40 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 6 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 7 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.50 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.80 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.57 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.06 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.52 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.30 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.49 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.59 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,286 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 18.8 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 65 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 771 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 513 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 188.8 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 4,300 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place Yes — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 71 Namibia Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 2.0 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.1 .. GNI per capita ($) 2,370 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 8 27 GDP ($ millions) 6,185 629,793 GDP growth (%) 4.2 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,096 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.0 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 145 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) 5.6 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –6.8 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 30.3 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 29.5 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.3 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 99.0 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 60.6 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 6.1 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 93 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 95 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 18 .. Time to register a property (days) 23 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 270 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 26 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 1 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 27 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 19 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 7 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 51 .. Real interest rate (%) 3 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 61 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 9 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 25 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 21 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 17 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 12 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 3 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 4.4 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 9 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 4 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 39 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 447 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 98 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 5.2 .. 72 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 252 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 32 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 47 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 46 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 62 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 73 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 19.56 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 17,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 75 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 33 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 92 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 101 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 54 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 63 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 46 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 98 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 81 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 13 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 50 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 206 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 37 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 4.10 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.16 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.39 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.83 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.13 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.16 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.17 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 123 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 2.0 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 61 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 99 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 23 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 8.5 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 73 Niger Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 14.0 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.3 .. GNI per capita ($) 240 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 3 27 GDP ($ millions) 3,398 629,793 GDP growth (%) 6.8 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 158 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.3 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 155 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –11.0 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 10.4 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 58.0 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 9.3 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 8.8 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 46.7 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 8.7 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 0.9 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 24 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 417 .. Time to register a property (days) 49 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 360 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 46 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 4 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 77 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 17 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 11 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 60 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 11 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 7 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 11 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 50 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 33 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 12 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 0.8 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 3 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 0 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 394 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.6 .. 74 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 41 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 43 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 45 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 150 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 256 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 83 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 1.10 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 7,600 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 28 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 44 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 37 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 72 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 83 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 95 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 71 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 80 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 36 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 4 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 43 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 23 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 2 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 37 ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.30 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.30 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.97 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.24 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.35 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.79 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.56 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.87 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 515 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 15.2 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 37 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 256 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 259 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 131.9 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,190 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 75 Nigeria Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 131.5 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.4 .. GNI per capita ($) 560 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 107 27 GDP ($ millions) 97,018 629,793 GDP growth (%) 6.1 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 456 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.8 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 162 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) 12.8 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 44.1 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 22.9 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 39.5 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.0 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 102.9 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 34.2 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 10.2 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 43 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 54 .. Time to register a property (days) 80 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 457 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 1,120 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 31 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 21 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 51 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 212 .. Real interest rate (%) –7 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 15 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 55 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 10 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,057 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 141 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 124 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.2 .. 76 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 6,409 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 44 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 44 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 100 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 194 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 35 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 29 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 35 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 3.86 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 220,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 82 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 37 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 84 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 82 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 64 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 83 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 45 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 67 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 31 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 36 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 53 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 84 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 35 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 151 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 12 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 2 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 38 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 47 ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.20 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.20 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.29 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.78 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.99 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.96 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.89 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.27 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 6,437 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 6.6 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 49 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 5,966 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 471 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 30.8 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 77 Rwanda Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 9.0 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.7 .. GNI per capita ($) 200 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 87 27 GDP ($ millions) 2,153 629,793 GDP growth (%) 6.0 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 260 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.2 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 92 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –3.1 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 15.1 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 70.5 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 2.0 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 120.1 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 14.2 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.7 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 92 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 16 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 188 .. Time to register a property (days) 371 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 310 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 2 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 168 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 41 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 7 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 49 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 62 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 5 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 568 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 13 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 35 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 27 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 14 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 32 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 3 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 137 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 0 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,016 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 66 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 3.1 .. 78 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 11 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 44 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 118 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 203 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 39 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 23 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 89 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 13 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 3.07 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 21,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 39 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 62 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 99 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 82 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 84 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 80 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 92 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 69 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 38 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 56 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 27 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 1 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 18 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 6 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 6 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.60 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.50 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.12 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.14 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.53 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.40 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.64 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.59 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 576 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 26.7 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 64 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 292 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 284 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 200.6 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,316 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) B — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 79 São Tomé and Principe Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 0.2 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.3 .. GNI per capita ($) 420 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 117 27 GDP ($ millions) 113 629,793 GDP growth (%) .. 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 572 GDP per capita growth (%) .. 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) .. 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –41.5 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 17.4 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 298.8 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 133.8 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 44.5 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 144 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 147 .. Time to register a property (days) 62 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 405 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 424 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 55 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 67 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) 18 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 45 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 18 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) .. .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 156 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 2,455 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 99 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 3.0 .. 80 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 31 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 63 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 75 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 118 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 76 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 88 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) .. 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS .. 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 77 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 31 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 95 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 99 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) .. 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) .. 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) .. 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 89 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 73 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 20 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 32 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 97 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 131 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.00 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles Yes — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) .. — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.53 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.25 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.51 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.87 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.77 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.47 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 32 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 28.3 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 204 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 18 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 13 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 200 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 81 Senegal Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 11.7 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.4 .. GNI per capita ($) 700 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 45 27 GDP ($ millions) 8,599 629,793 GDP growth (%) 5.5 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 503 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.0 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 147 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –9.5 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –2.2 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 19.7 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 44.1 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 9.9 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.6 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 87.6 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 26.4 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 5.4 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 83 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 58 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 113 .. Time to register a property (days) 114 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 780 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 696 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 48 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 6 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 61 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 26 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 12 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 46 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 71 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 24 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 31 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 39 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 13 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 41 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 15 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 50 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 71 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 31 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 16.0 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 18 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 136 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 3 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 975 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 97 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 5.7 .. 82 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 101 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 617 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 56 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 41 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 61 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 119 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 58 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 74 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 0.91 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 5,200 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 52 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 47 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 49 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 90 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 69 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 83 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 55 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 92 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 60 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 34 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 79 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 82 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 19 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 171 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 36 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 7 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 46 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.70 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.30 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.42 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.05 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.26 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.23 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.29 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.33 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 689 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 8.0 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 59 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 440 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 249 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 63.3 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 850 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 83 Seychelles Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 0.1 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.0 .. GNI per capita ($) 8,180 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 1,571 27 GDP ($ millions) 723 629,793 GDP growth (%) 1.2 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 6,666 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.2 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 128 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –30.4 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 4.9 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 51.5 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 93.4 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –14.7 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 7.1 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 109.7 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 101.9 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 93 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 38 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 9 .. Time to register a property (days) 33 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 720 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 76 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 49 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 34 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 996 .. Real interest rate (%) 9 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 41 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 170 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 400 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 99 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 121 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 87 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 3.5 .. 84 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 78 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 13 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 99 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) .. 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS .. 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 2 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 106 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 14 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 99 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 104 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) .. 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) .. 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) .. 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 100 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 75 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 100 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) .. 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 928 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 249 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.60 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.14 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.11 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 1.09 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.09 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.63 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.03 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 19 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 2.6 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 223 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 8 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 11 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 10.8 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 85 Sierra Leone Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 5.5 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.5 .. GNI per capita ($) 220 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 17 27 GDP ($ millions) 1,193 629,793 GDP growth (%) 7.3 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 217 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.6 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 99 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –8.5 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –2.5 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 12.4 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 141.0 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –2.3 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.6 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 155.1 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 30.1 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.1 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 99 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 26 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 1,195 .. Time to register a property (days) 235 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 515 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 3 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 399 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 277 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 63 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 158 .. Real interest rate (%) 10 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 5 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 6 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 1 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,223 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 71 110 Export diversification index (%) 2.5 .. 86 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 27 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 41 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 70 .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 165 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 282 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 67 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 1.56 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 4,600 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 67 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 48 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 71 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 74 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 93 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 56 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 75 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 46 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 30 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 53 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 19 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 2 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.10 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.20 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.22 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.43 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.46 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.10 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.12 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.21 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 343 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 28.8 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 62 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 130 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 213 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 233.2 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 950 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 87 Somalia Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 8.2 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.3 .. GNI per capita ($) .. 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) .. 27 GDP ($ millions) .. 629,793 GDP growth (%) .. 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 572 GDP per capita growth (%) .. 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) .. 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 16.9 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. .. Time to register a property (days) .. .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. Total tax payable (% of profit) .. .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) .. .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 19 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 5 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 16 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 5.6 .. 88 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 133 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 225 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 25 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 35 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 0.86 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 4,100 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people .. .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 76 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 94 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 59 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 32 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 27 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 14 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 48 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 73 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 11 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.10 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.77 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –2.07 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –2.75 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –2.19 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –2.70 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –2.53 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 236 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) .. 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 29 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 146 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 90 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 89 South Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 46.9 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.1 .. GNI per capita ($) 4,990 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 199 27 GDP ($ millions) 242,059 629,793 GDP growth (%) 5.1 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 3,429 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.9 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 151 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –4.1 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 0.2 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 24.3 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 12.7 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 16.6 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 104.1 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 93.4 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 15.6 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 97 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 35 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 7 .. Time to register a property (days) 23 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 600 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 8 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 350 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 38 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 4 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 41 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 5 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 8 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 300 .. Real interest rate (%) 6 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 144 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 18 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 16 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 9 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 21 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 29 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 19 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 23 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 9 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 32.8 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 35 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 10 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 654 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 44 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 3,330 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 109 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 108 110 Export diversification index (%) 23.1 .. 90 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 2,305 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 55 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 68 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 92 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 82 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 18.79 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 320,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 1 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 99 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 36 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 101 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 62 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 79 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 46 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 99 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 73 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 46 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 79 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 825 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 109 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 4.60 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.56 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.60 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.07 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.78 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.68 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.24 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 700 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.3 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 15 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 486 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 213 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 1.4 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place Yes — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 91 Sudan Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 36.2 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.0 .. GNI per capita ($) 650 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 12 27 GDP ($ millions) 27,895 629,793 GDP growth (%) 8.0 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 462 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 5.9 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 167 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –6.0 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 21.7 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 66.2 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 13.8 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.6 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 60.4 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 34.2 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 39 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 59 .. Time to register a property (days) 9 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 770 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 0 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 180 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 37 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 55 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 10 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 11 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 43 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 7 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 398 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 90 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 1.3 .. 92 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 2,355 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 57 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 62 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 90 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 60 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 1.59 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 34,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 50 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 28 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 89 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 46 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 69 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 23 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 78 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 64 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 24 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 50 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 69 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 77 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.50 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.00 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.12 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.76 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –2.18 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.14 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.15 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.33 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,829 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 6.6 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 50 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,472 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 41 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 315 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 39.1 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 93 Swaziland Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 1.1 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.0 .. GNI per capita ($) 1,650 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 152 27 GDP ($ millions) 2,613 629,793 GDP growth (%) 2.3 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,381 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.3 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 167 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –10.4 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –2.6 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 31.1 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 20.4 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 13.3 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 107.2 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 45.0 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 4.5 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 100 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 61 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 41 .. Time to register a property (days) 46 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 972 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 1 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 104 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 40 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 2 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 17 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 17 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 29 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 37 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 209 .. Real interest rate (%) 5 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 20 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 5 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 57 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 19 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 15 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 10 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 7 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 0.4 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 26 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 393 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 222 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,160 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 95 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 107 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 18.9 .. 94 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 34 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 41 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 50 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 110 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 160 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 74 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 60 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 33.39 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 16,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 64 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 32 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 94 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 49 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 72 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 30 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 87 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 54 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 44 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 59 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 208 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 32 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.50 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.47 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.10 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.14 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.70 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.52 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.69 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 46 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 1.8 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 41 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 20 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 26 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 6.6 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point .. — Reached HIPC completion point .. — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 95 Tanzania Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 38.3 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.6 .. GNI per capita ($) 340 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 14 27 GDP ($ millions) 12,586 629,793 GDP growth (%) 6.8 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 325 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.9 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 101 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –9.7 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 12.5 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 61.7 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 10.9 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 10.8 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 106.0 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.4 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 30 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 92 .. Time to register a property (days) 123 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 393 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 3 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 248 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 45 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 5 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 67 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 61 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 23 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 11 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 89 .. Real interest rate (%) 11 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 10 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 0 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 35 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 4 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 9 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 73 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 1 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 18 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 19 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,472 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 73 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 18.7 .. 96 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 495 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 10 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 46 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 36 .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 76 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 122 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 43 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 22 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 91 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 16 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 6.46 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 140,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 54 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 56 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 78 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 95 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 87 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 90 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 85 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 85 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 49 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 43 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 53 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 39 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 56 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 31 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 3 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 9 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.90 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.90 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.37 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.26 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.17 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.31 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.40 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.47 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,505 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 12.0 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 39 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 871 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 12 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 622 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 70.2 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,000 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) B — Independent assessment framework in place Yes — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 97 Togo Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 6.1 743.7 Population growth (%) 2.6 .. GNI per capita ($) 350 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 39 27 GDP ($ millions) 2,109 629,793 GDP growth (%) 1.2 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 241 572 GDP per capita growth (%) –1.3 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 143 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –12.7 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –5.8 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 14.5 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 81.0 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 4.9 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 100.2 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 40.4 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.6 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 95 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 53 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 253 .. Time to register a property (days) 242 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 535 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 48 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 58 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) .. .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 17 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 68 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 0 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,058 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 114 110 Export diversification index (%) 7.6 .. 98 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 115 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 151 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 55 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 139 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 61 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 70 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 3.24 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 9,100 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 65 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 34 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 72 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 70 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 90 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 50 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 80 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 36 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 15 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 71 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 82 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 49 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.50 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.40 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.00 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.24 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.86 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.60 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.89 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.03 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 87 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 4.1 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 14 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 59 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 27 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 40.9 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 99 Tunisia Country North data Africa Population (millions) 10.0 152.9 Population growth (%) 1.0 .. GNI per capita ($) 2,880 2,024     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 185 55 GDP ($ millions) 28,683 313,443 GDP growth (%) 4.2 4.5 GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,412 1,928 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.2 2.8 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 119 106 Current account balance (% of GDP) –1.1 9.4 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –3.0 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 24.0 29.4 Total external debt (% of GDP) 62.0 27.3     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 20.7 34.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 22.6 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 13.9 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 109.9 105.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 81.3 77.1 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 28.6 24.9 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 87 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 11 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 9 .. Time to register a property (days) 57 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 481 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 0 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 268 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 59 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 46 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 124 .. Real interest rate (%) .. .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 66 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 8 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 368 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 126 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,450 1,450 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 40 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51 32 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 98 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 85 85 Export diversification index (%) 30.6 .. 100 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country North data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 812 7,393 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 1,393 10,290     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 71 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 30 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 24 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 96 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 0.13 0.22 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 100 37,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 1 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 97 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 21 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 105 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 52 51 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 76 75 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 28 26 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 99 96 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 82 86 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 65 62 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 96 91 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 692 414 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 95 85 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. .. Country has endorsed the EITI principles .. — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 4.60 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.20 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.15 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.21 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.55 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.23 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.38 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 376 2,349 Net aid (% of GDP) 1.3 0.7 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 38 15 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 269 1,524 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 99 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 105 727 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 8.5 5.9 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. .. Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 101 Uganda Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 28.8 743.7 Population growth (%) 3.5 .. GNI per capita ($) 280 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 44 27 GDP ($ millions) 8,724 629,793 GDP growth (%) 6.6 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 270 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.9 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 112 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –10.2 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –3.8 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 12.3 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 51.1 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 7.1 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 117.5 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 16.0 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.4 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 75 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 30 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 114 .. Time to register a property (days) 227 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 484 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 7 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 237 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 32 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 3 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 7 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 26 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 71 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 13 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 8 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 359 .. Real interest rate (%) 11 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 7 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 0 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 2 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 0 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 36 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 0 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 11 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 7 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 63 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 0 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 18 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 9 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,695 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 107 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 89 110 Export diversification index (%) 5.8 .. 102 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 245 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 414 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 38 .. Gini index 46 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 79 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 136 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 39 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 23 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 86 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 6.66 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 91,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 57 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 50 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 77 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 96 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 83 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 87 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 80 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 87 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 56 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 41 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 54 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 47 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 56 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 18 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 17 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.90 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.70 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.71 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.54 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.18 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.50 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.18 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.50 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,198 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 13.7 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 42 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 704 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 492 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 95.4 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,950 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point Yes — Operational development strategies (A–E) B — Independent assessment framework in place No — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 103 Zambia Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 11.7 743.7 Population growth (%) 1.6 .. GNI per capita ($) 380 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 10 27 GDP ($ millions) 7,270 629,793 GDP growth (%) 5.2 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 350 572 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.5 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 178 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –9.6 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 17.4 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 78.0 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 17.0 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 111.1 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 28.3 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) 99 .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 35 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 30 .. Time to register a property (days) 70 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 404 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 3 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 131 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 22 .. Average time to clear customs (days) 2 .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 23 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 142 .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) 30 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) 89 .. Access to electricity (% of total population) 20 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 123 .. Real interest rate (%) 8 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 8 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) 57 .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 46 .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) 39 .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) 36 .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) 49 .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 57 .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 85 .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 40 .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) 16.9 .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) 36 .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 3 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 124 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 11 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,595 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 84 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 135 110 Export diversification index (%) 3.1 .. 104 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 380 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 38 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 68 .. Gini index 51 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 102 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 182 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 43 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) 23 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 84 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 16.96 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 98,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 78 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 51 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 92 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 78 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 90 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 65 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 90 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 40 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 52 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 59 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 50 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 89 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 11 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 20 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.40 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.60 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.78 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.34 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.29 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.74 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.56 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.61 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 945 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 13.0 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 81 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 836 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 109 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 96.8 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,900 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point Yes — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) C — Independent assessment framework in place Yes — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 105 Zimbabwe Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Population (millions) 13.0 743.7 Population growth (%) 0.6 .. GNI per capita ($) 350 751     Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 9 27 GDP ($ millions) 3,418 629,793 GDP growth (%) –5.3 5.7 GDP per capita (2000 $) 432 572 GDP per capita growth (%) –5.8 3.3 GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth, $ series) 61 148 Current account balance (% of GDP) –17.2 –0.7 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 45.0 24.8 Total external debt (% of GDP) 124.5 34.2     Drivers of growth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 0.6 21.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 19.4 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 13.3 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 96.0 97.6 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 36.4 31.0 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.7 5.5 Public curr. edu. expenditure, primary (% of tot. curr. edu. expenditure) .. .. Number of startup procedures to register a new business .. .. Time to start a business (days) 96 .. Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 36 .. Time to register a property (days) 30 .. Time required to enforce a contract (days) 410 .. Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 8 .. Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 216 .. Total tax payable (% of profit) 37 .. Average time to clear customs (days) .. .. Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 34 .. Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Electrical outages for firms (average days per year) .. .. Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection (days) .. .. Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. .. Road density (road km per 1,000 sq km of land area) 251 .. Real interest rate (%) –1 .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 27 .. Policy uncertainty as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Courts and property rights as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Crime as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor regulation as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Labor skills as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 342 .. Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land 75 .. Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 717 1,123 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57 37 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53 34 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 92 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 110 Export diversification index (%) 13.9 .. 106 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Country Sub-Saharan data Africa Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 13 20,038 Workers remittances, received ($ millions) 0 2,426     Participating in growth     Life expectancy at birth (years) 37 47 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 81 96 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 132 163 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12–23 months) 85 .. Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 3 .. Prevalence of HIV (% of ages 15–49) 20.12 6.06 Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS 180,000 2,000,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 .. Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 80 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 39 .. Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15–24) 98 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 95 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and older) 73 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and older) 84 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and older) 62 62 Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 98 80 Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 72 43 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 47 28 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 63 53 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 inhabitants) 79 150 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 1,000 people) 77 29 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..     Capable states CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 1.80 — Country has endorsed the EITI principles No — Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2.40 — Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.36 — Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.58 — Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.18 — Government effectiveness (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.53 — Regulatory law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –2.21 — Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.71 —     Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 368 30,686 Net aid (% of GDP) 10.8 4.9 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 28 41 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 179 21,377 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 126 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 189 9,183 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 39.6 28.1 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Reached HIPC decision point No — Reached HIPC completion point No — Operational development strategies (A–E) .. — Independent assessment framework in place .. — The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 107 Glossary Access to electricity is the percentage of the total, urban, or rural popula- tion living in households with access to electricity as a proportion of the total population or total urban or rural population. (Household survey data, supplemented by World Bank Project Appraisal Documents) Average delay for firm in obtaining a telephone connection is the aver- age delay, in days, that firms experience when obtaining a telephone connection, measured from the day the establishment applied to the day it received the service or approval. (World Bank Investment Climate Assessments) Average delay for firm in obtaining an electrical connection is the average delay, in days, that firms experience when obtaining an electrical connec- tion, measured from the day the establishment applied to the day it received the service or approval. (World Bank Investment Climate Assessments) Average time to clear customs is the number of days to clear an imported good through customs. Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Central government revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contri- butions, and other revenue such as fines, fees, rent, and other income from property sales as a proportion of total gross domestic product (GDP). Grants, although also considered revenue, are excluded here. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Cereal crop yield includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Child immunization, measles, is the  percentage of children ages 12–23 months at the time of survey who received a dose of measles vac- cine by 12 months or at any time before the interview date. A child is con- sidered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Child malnutrition, underweight, is the percentage of children under age 5 whose weight for age is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0–59 months. The reference population, adopted by the World Health Organization in 1983, is based on children from the United States, who are assumed to be well nourished. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) 108 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Children sleeping under treated bednets are the percentage of children under age 5 who slept under an insecticide-treated bednet to prevent malaria. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Control of corruption measures the extent of corruption, conventionally defined as the exercise of public power for private gain. It is based on T hese scores are scores of variables from surveys and polls of experts. divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better out- comes. (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Mat- ters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004) Corruption as major constraint is the percentage of firms that ranked cor- ruption as a major or very severe investment climate constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Corruption Perceptions Index score is a country’s score on Transparency International ’s annual Corruption Perceptions Index, which ranks more than 150 countries on perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys of businesspeople and country analysts. (www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi) Cost to start a business is the cost to register a business as a percentage of gross national income (GNI) per capita. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/) Country has publicly endorsed the Extractive Industries Transparency Ini- tiative (EITI) principles shows whether a country has publicly endorsed the EITI, a multistakeholder approach that includes civil society, companies, and government and that requires a work plan with time line and budget to ensure sustainability, independent audit of payments, disclosure of rev- enues, and publication of results in a publicly accessible manner for all companies and government agencies. (www.eitransparency.org/) Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) overall rating assesses the quality of a country’s current policy and institutional frame- work. “Quality� means how conducive that framework is to fostering sus- tainable, poverty-reducing growth and the effective use of development assistance. The CPIA is conducted annually for all International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International Development Associa- tion borrowers (except Liberia and Somalia), but results are reported only for International Development Association members. Ratings are based on 16 criteria, grouped in four clusters: economic management, structural poli- cies, policies for social inclusion and equity, and public sector management and institutions. The criteria reflect a balance between ensuring that all key factors that foster pro-poor growth and poverty alleviation are captured without overly burdening the evaluation process. Country scores reflect a variety of indicators and judgments that are based on country knowledge, analytic work, policy dialogue, or work done by partners as well as relevant The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 109 Glossary publicly available indicators. The rating scale for each criterion varies from 1 (low) to 6 (high). Countries may also receive intermediate scores of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5. The ratings are the main determinant of prospects for current aid effectiveness. Improvements in policies and institutions during the course of the year are reflected in the subsequent year’s performance ratings. (World Bank Country Policy and Institutional Assessments) Courts as major constraint are the percentage of firms that ranked courts and dispute resolution systems as a major or very severe investment cli- mate constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank. org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Courts and property rights as major constraint are the percentage of firms that do not agree with the statement: “I am confident that the judicial system will enforce my contractual and property rights in business disputes.� (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Crime as major constraint is the percentage of firms that ranked crime, theft, and disorder as a major or very severe investment climate constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. (International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files; World Bank and Organi- sation for Economic Co-operation and Development estimates of gross domestic product) Deaths of adults and children to HIV/AIDS are the estimated number of adults and children that have died in a specific year based on the modeling of HIV surveillance data using standard and appropriate tools. (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS’ 2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic) Debt relief committed under Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Ini- tiative is the amount of debt service relief, calculated at the decision point, that will allow the country to achieve debt sustainability at the completion point. (World Bank) Domestic credit to private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (Interna- tional Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics and data files; World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development gross domestic product estimates; World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Economic density is gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices in cur- rent U.S. dollars divided by the total land area in square kilometers. “Land area� refers to the land surface area of a country, excluding inland waters. GDP at market prices in current U.S. dollars is based on the GDP at market 110 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa prices in local currency units, which is converted to dollars at the official exchange rate. If the official exchange rate is significantly different from the prevailing market rate or shows extreme volatility, the local currency is converted into U.S. dollars using an alternative conversion factor. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Electrical outages for firms are the average number of days per year that firms experienced power outages or surges from the public grid. (World Bank Investment Climate Assessments) Electricity as major constraint is the percentage of firms that ranked elec- tricity as a major or severe investment climate constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Export diversification index measures the extent to which exports are diversified. It is constructed as the inverse of a Herfindahl index, using disaggregated exports at four digits (following the Standard International Trade Classification Revision 3). A higher index indicates more export diver- sification. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Exports of goods and services are merchandise exports divided by gross domestic product (GDP) in current U.S. dollars. (World Bank’s World Devel- opment Indicators) Fertilizer consumption is the aggregate of nitrogenous, phosphate, and potash fertilizers. (Food and Agriculture Organization’s Fertilizer Yearbook) Finance as major constraint is the average of the  percentage of firms that ranked access to finance or cost of finance as a major or very severe investment climate constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru. worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Fiscal balance is revenue (including grants) minus expense, minus net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. In the International Monetary Fund’s Government Finance Statistics Manual 1986 nonfinancial assets were included under revenue and expenditure in gross terms. This cash surplus or deficit is closest to the earlier overall budget balance (still missing is lending minus repayments, which is now a financing item under net acquisi- tion of financial assets). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Foreign direct investment, net inflows, is the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capi- tal, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Gini index is the most commonly used measure of inequality. The index ranges from 0, which reflects complete equality, to 100, which indicates The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 111 Glossary complete inequality (one person has all the income or consumption, all oth- ers have none). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Government effectiveness measures the quality of public service provi- sion, the quality of the bureaucracy, the competence of civil servants, the independence of the civil service from political pressures, and the cred- ibility of the government’s commitment to policies. The scores are divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes. (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004) Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total output of goods and services for final use produced by residents and nonresidents, regardless of the allocation to domestic and foreign claims. It is calculated without deduct- ing for depreciation of “manmade� assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. GDP data are at market prices (also known as purchaser values) and have been converted to U.S. dollars using constant (2000) exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not effectively reflect the rate applied to actual foreign exchange trans- actions, an alternative currency conversion factor has been used. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Gross domestic product (GDP) growth is the average annual growth rate calculated from GDP at constant 2000 prices. (World Bank’s World Devel- opment Indicators) Gross domestic product (GDP) implicit price deflator is the one-year rate of price change in the economy as a whole (World Bank’s World Develop- ment Indicators) Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is calculated by dividing GDP by the corresponding midyear population. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth is calculated using GDP per capita. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Gross domestic savings is calculated by deducting total consumption from gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices. (World Bank’s World Devel- opment Indicators) Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acqui- sitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) 112 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Gross national income (GNI) per capita is GNI divided by midyear popula- tion. GNI is the total domestic and foreign value added claimed by resi- dents, which comprises gross domestic product plus net factor income from abroad (the income residents receive from abroad for factor services including labor and capital) less similar payments made to nonresidents who contribute to the domestic economy. It is calculated using the World Bank Atlas method with constant 2000 exchange rates. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Gross primary school enrollment, total, is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corre- sponds to the primary level of education. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Gross secondary school enrollment, total, is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially cor- responds to the secondary level of education. Secondary education com- pletes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human devel- opment, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Gross tertiary school enrollment, total, is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corre- sponds to the tertiary level of education. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the sec- ondary level. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Households with own telephone are the  percentage of urban or rural households possessing a telephone as a proportion of the total number of urban or rural households. (Demographic and Health Surveys) Imports of goods and services are merchandise imports divided by gross domestic product (GDP) in current U.S. dollars. (World Bank’s World Devel- opment Indicators) Improved sanitation is the percentage of the urban or rural population as a proportion of the total urban or rural population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connec- tion. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Improved water source is the  percentage of the urban or rural popula- tion as a proportion of the total urban or rural population with reasonable The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 113 Glossary access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, or rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within 1 kilometer of the dwelling. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Independent assessment framework in place indicates whether the coun- try has a mechanism for mutual review of progress on aid effectiveness commitments in the context of the mutual accountability indicator of the Paris Declaration. Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. (World Bank’s World Devel- opment Indicators) Internet users are the number of people with access to the worldwide net- work, per 1,000 people. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Irrigated land is areas equipped to provide water to crops. These include areas equipped for full and partial control irrigation, spate irrigation, and equipped wetland or inland valley bottoms. (Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion’s Production Yearbook and data files) Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the total, male, or female population ages 15 and older that is economically active as a proportion of the total population or the total male or female population who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Labor regulation as major constraint is the percentage of firms that ranked labor regulations as a major or severe investment climate constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Labor skills as major constraint are the percentage of firms that ranked skills of available workers as a major or severe investment climate con- straint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/ EnterpriseSurveys/) Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to remain the same throughout its life. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate, is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes during pregnancy and childbirth per 100,000 live births. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Net aid ($ millions) is net aid from members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Development Assistance 114 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Committee (DAC), non-DAC bilateral donors, and multilateral donors. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Net aid (% of central government expenditure) is nominal total net aid divided by central government expenditure. (World Bank’s World Develop- ment Indicators) Net aid (% of GDP) is calculated by dividing nominal total net aid from all donors by gross domestic product (GDP), which reflects current prices and exchange rates. For a given level of aid flows, devaluation of a recipient’s currency may inflate the ratios shown in the table. Thus, trends for a given country and comparisons across countries that have implemented differ- ent exchange rate policies should be interpreted carefully. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Net aid from Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors is net aid from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s DAC donors and comprises grants and loans. Ireland and New Zealand’s con- tributions are excluded from this compilation because their aid to Africa is negligible. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Net aid from multilateral donors is net aid from multilateral sources, such as the African Development Fund, the European Development Fund for the Commission of the European Communities, the International Development Association, the International Fund for ­ A gricultural Development, Arab and Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)–financed multilateral agencies, and UN programs and agencies. Aid flows from the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) Trust Fund and Structural Adjustment Facility are also included. UN programs and agencies include the United Nations Technical Assistance Programme, the United Nations Develop- ment Programme, the UN Refugee Agency, the United Nations Children’s Fund, and the World Food Programme. Arab and OPEC‑financed multilateral agencies include the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, the Islamic Development Bank, the OPEC Fund for International Development, the Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development, the Arab Fund for Technical Assistance to African and Arab Countries, and the Islamic Solidarity Fund. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors is net aid from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance countries, and China (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development data). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Net aid per capita from all donors is calculated by dividing nominal total net aid by midyear population. These ratios offer some indication of the importance of aid flows in sustaining per capita income and consumption levels, although exchange rates, aid flows, and other factors vary across countries and over time. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 115 Glossary Number of startup procedures to register a new business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifica- tions, and notifications to start operations. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/) Operational development strategies measure the extent to which a coun- try has an operational development strategy to guide the aid coordination effort and the country’s overall development in the context of the Paris Declaration. The score is based on the World Bank’s 2005 Comprehensive Development Framework Progress Report. An operation strategy calls for a coherent long-term vision and a medium-term strategy derived from it; specific targets serving a holistic, balanced, and well sequenced develop- ment strategy; and capacity and resources for its implementation. Ratings range from A to E, where A means the development strategy substantially achieves good practices, B means it is largely developed toward achieving good practices, C means it reflects action taken toward achieving good practices, D means it incorporates some elements of good practice, and E means it reflects little action toward achieving good practice. (World Bank’s 2005 Comprehensive Development Framework Progress Report) Physicians per 1,000 people are the number of physicians, including gen- eralists and specialists, per 1,000 people. (World Bank’s World Develop- ment Indicators) Policy uncertainty as major constraint is the  percentage of firms that ranked economic and regulatory policy uncertainty as a major or very severe investment climate constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Political stability measures perceptions of the likelihood that the gov- ernment in power will be destabilized or overthrown by possibly uncon- stitutional or violent means, including domestic violence and terrorism. These scores are divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores correspond- ing to better outcomes. (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004) Population is World Bank estimates, usually projected from the most recent population censuses or surveys (mostly from 1980–2004). Refu- gees not permanently settled in the country of asylum are generally consid- ered to be part of the population of their country of origin. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Population growth is the one-year rate of growth in total population. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line. National estimates are 116 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household sur- veys. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Prevalence of HIV is the percentage of people ages 15–49 infected by HIV. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Primary school completion rate, total, is the percentage of students com- pleting the last year of primary school. It is calculated as the total num- ber of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official graduation age. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Private sector capital formation is gross fixed capital formation for the private sector. Gross fixed capital formation consists of gross domestic fixed capital formation plus net changes in the level of inventories, divided by gross domestic product (GDP), which is obtained by converting national currency GDP series in current prices to U.S. dollars at official annual exchange rates. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Protecting investors disclosure index measures the degree to which investors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial infor- mation. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/ DoingBusiness/) Public current education expenditure, primary is the share of public cur- rent expenditure on education that is devoted to primary education. (United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization Institute for Statistics) Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school is the ratio of female to male gross enrollment rates in primary and secondary school. (United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization Institute for Statistics) Ratio of paved to total roads is the length of paved roads, which are sur- faced with crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents, with concrete, or with cobblestones, as a percentage of the length of all the country’s roads. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Reached Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) completion point shows whether a HIPC has successfully completed the key structural reforms agreed on at the decision point, including developing and implementing its poverty reduction strategy, and has thus received the bulk of debt relief under the HIPC Debt Initiative without further policy conditions. Reached Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) decision point shows whether a HIPC with an established track record of good performance under adjustment programs supported by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank’ HIPC Debit Initiative has committed to undertaking The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 117 Glossary additional reforms and to developing and implement a poverty reduction strategy. (World Bank) Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs. (Interna- tional Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics). Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as mea- sured by the gross domestic product (GDP) deflator. (International Mon- etary Fund’s International Financial Statistics and data files, using World Bank data on the GDP deflator) Regulatory law measures the incidence of market-unfriendly policies such as price controls and inadequate bank supervision, as well as perceptions of the burdens imposed by excessive regulation in areas such as foreign trade and business development. The scores are dividend into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes. (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indica- tors for 1996–2004) Rigidity of employment index measures the regulation of employment, specifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This index is the average of three subindexes: a difficulty of hiring index, a rigidity of hours index, and a difficulty of firing index. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/) Road density is the total length of national road network per 1,000 square kilometers of total land area. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Rule of law measures the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society. These include perceptions of the incidence of crime, the effectiveness and predictability of the judiciary, and the enforceability of contracts. The scores are divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes. (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004) Rural residents within 2 kilometers (km) of an all-season road are the per- centage of rural people who live within 2 kilometers of an all-season pass- able road as a proportion of the total rural population. (Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program; World Bank) Student-teacher ratio, primary school, is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regard- less of their teaching assignment). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) 118 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa Tax rates as major constraint is the percentage of firms that ranked tax rates as a major or very severe investment climate constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Telephone subscribers are the number of total mainlines per 1,000 inhab- itants plus cellular subscribers per 1,000 inhabitants. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Terms of trade index measures the relative movement of export and import prices. It is calculated as the ratio of a country’s export unit values or prices to its import unit values or prices relative to a base year (2000). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Time required to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the filing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appro- priate cases, payment. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru. worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/) Time to register a property is the number of calendar days needed for businesses to secure rights to property. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/) Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to com- plete the procedures to legally operate a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen . (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/ DoingBusiness/) Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes is the number of hours per year it takes to prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, includ- ing payroll taxes and social security contributions. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/) Total external debt is the ratio of total debt (sum of long-term debts in the form of official concessional, official nonconcessional, and private debt plus International Monetary Fund credit and estimates of total short-term debt and interest in arrears on public and publicly guaranteed long-term loans) to gross domestic product (GDP). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Total tax payable is the total amount of taxes payable by a business (except for labor taxes) after accounting for deductions and exemptions as a percentage of gross profit. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http:// rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/) Tractors per 100 sq km of arable land are the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year. The Little Data Book on Africa  2007 119 Glossary Arable land includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Voice and accountability measure various aspects of the political pro- cess, civil liberties, political and human rights, and the extent to which citi- zens of a country are able to participate in the selection of governments. The scores are divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores correspond- ing to better outcomes. (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004) Workers remittances, received, comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries by nonresident workers. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) Youth literacy rate, total, is the percentage of people ages 15–24 who can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators) 120 2007  The Little Data Book on Africa