Toolbox March 2019 A Practitioner's Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks Implementing the International EIP Framework Toolbox A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox ©2019 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved. This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The World Bank Group refers to the member institutions of the World Bank Group: The World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development); International Finance Corporation (IFC – the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets); and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), which are separate and distinct legal entities each organized under its respective Articles of Agreement. We encourage use for educational and non-commercial purposes. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Directors or Executive Directors of the respective institutions of the World Bank Group or the governments they represent. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank Group encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750- 8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. II A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox III A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Table of Contents  Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national 1. ‌ approach for eco-industrial parks Tool 1.1. Stakeholder mapping templates 2 Tool 1.2. A checklist of questionnaires for stakeholder analysis 8 Tool 1.3. A checklist for a national-level “snapshot” technical analysis 10  ist of EIP performance indicators and steps involved in establishing Tool 1.4. L target values (full list) 16 Tool 1.5. A sample template for regulatory mapping 30 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP  2. ‌ Framework in industrial parks Tool 2.1. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) template for initiating the eco-industrial park program 34  ample discussion points and survey questions for site visits Tool 2.2. S to industrial parks 38  xample of pre-feasibility assessments for specific resource Tool 2.3. E efficiency processes 41  ap analysis: Guidelines to assess gaps between the current Tool 2.4. G practices in industrial parks and the performance requirements set in the International EIP Framework 44 Tool 2.5. A data collection form for resource efficiency audit/assessment 60 Tool 2.6. Key steps to implement greenfield EIP projects 62  Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 3: EIPs and industrial 3. ‌ symbiosis Tool 3.1. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) 68  data gathering form to be used for identifying potentials Tool 3.2. A for industrial symbiosis 69 IV Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Tool 1.1. Stakeholder mapping templates · ··································· 2 Tool 1.2. A checklist of questionnaires for stakeholder analysis ··················· 8 Tool 1.3. A checklist for a national-level “snapshot” technical analysis · ············· 10 List of EIP performance indicators and steps involved in establishing Tool 1.4. ‌ target values (full list) ············································ 16 Tool 1.5. A sample template for regulatory mapping ··························· 30 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Tool 1.1. Stakeholder mapping templates Stakeholder Mapping Analysis (Stakeholder Mapping Sample 1) Institutions/ Stakeholder Roles Influence Interest organizations category (examples) (examples) (examples) (examples) ▶ Have ‌ authorities ▶ ‌ Set high-level policy to convene agenda or national stakeholders strategies on climate relevant to EIP change, sustainability, development President’s economic development. including the ‌ Align EIP with Office Advise president/ prime ‌ representatives of ▶ national policy ▶ Prime Minister’s minister on a new policy line ministries. priorities. Office initiative that enables EIP ▶ ‌ Manage relations development. with agencies ▶ ‌ Initiate or facilitate public- working on private dialogue to develop various EIP-related EIPs. programs and funds. ‌ Introduce relevant policies ‌ Frame EIP policies ▶ and regulations on fiscal ▶ in ways that can Ministry of incentives to promote EIPs Attract ‌ investment mobilize public and ▶ Finance Provide incentives to ‌ in EIPs. private investment. ▶ promote investment in developing EIPs. . Government/ policy makers ▶ Increase ‌ income generation and ‌ Frame guidelines employment ▶ Ministry of ‌ Develop industrial policies and directions creation by opening ▶ Trade, Industry in line with the national EIP for sustainable up untapped & Commerce framework. industrial domestic market development. opportunities for EIP. ▶ Help ‌ government bodies form a Incorporate ‌ and shared vision ▶ mainstream EIP and ensure the Oversee the design and ‌ into industrial coherency of ▶ implementation of the policies. various policies Ministry of national EIP framework ‌ Develop a national related to EIP. ▶ Planning and supporting policy level vision for ‌ Prioritize policy programs. green growth ▶ decisions on and sustainable potential incentive industrial mechanisms development. to facilitate EIP development. 2 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Institutions/ Stakeholder Roles Influence Interest organizations category (examples) (examples) (examples) (examples) Assist government in ‌ ‌ Influence national ▶ framing new policies for ‌ Help decrease ▶ Ministry energy policies ▶ EIP development and dependence on of Power/ that affect the implementation. non-renewable Energy/Non- development and Develop energy policies and ‌ energy sources and conventional operationalization ▶ oversee energy efficiency improve energy energy of the national EIP programs in line with the efficiency. framework. national EIP framework. Increase ‌ the Influence ‌ ▶ volume of exports. ▶ Investment government on Advocate policy suggestions ‌ ‌ Attract investment and Export national policy and ▶ ▶ to government in designing from foreign Promotion planning issues Government/ the national EIP framework. investors and Agency related to EIP policy makers financing development. institutions. ▶ ‌ Frame and develop new regulations to ▶ Promote ‌ ▶ ‌ Assist government in promote energy and facilitate Ministry of framing new policies for efficiency/RECP investment in Environment EIP development and practices. environmentally /Ministry of implementation. ▶ Introduce new ‌ sound/ resource- Water& Natural ▶ Support the national ‌ environmental efficient Resources taskforce on investment in policies that can technologies RECP and EIP. influence industrial and industrial production processes. processes. ▶ ‌ Promote EIPs as a differentiator to attract investment/FDI in industrial parks. ▶ Assist and conduct technical ‌ analyses, and support data collection and decision- making processes. ▶ Lead and participate in ‌ the development of new ‌ Attract investment EIP programs or update ‌ Influence ▶ in the zones ▶ Park developer the park’s existing policies government on and industrial Implementing or park operator and programs related national policy and parks from agency/staffs (sometimes also to EIP. Ensure their planning issues foreign investors zone authority) implementation. related to EIP and financing Facilitate the collaboration ‌ development. institutions. ▶ between national, local governments in EIP transition processes. ▶ ‌ Use EIP performance monitoring system to build market profile at the park level and identify opportunities to improve its competitiveness accordingly. 3 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Institutions/ Stakeholder Roles Influence Interest organizations category (examples) (examples) (examples) (examples) Identify ‌ sustainable ‌ Support investment ▶ investment ▶ decisions in upgrading Foreign and opportunities. existing industrial parks or Achieve ‌ attractive local investors ‌ Present the ▶ in developing new EIPs. returns on ▶ Investors (both equity perspectives of ‌ Develop and promote investment. and debt capital financial sector ▶ financial incentives to investors) entities regarding implement EIPs and other financing EIP relevant policies. development. ‌ Provide industry's ‌ Participate in EIP programs, ‌ Generate their ▶ perspectives ▶ ▶ activities and demonstration market values. and input for Resident SMEs, industrial projects. ‌ Increase reputation the design and ▶ firms suppliers Collect and provide data ‌ among their implementation ▶ for the park operator/ shareholders and of EIP policy and management entity. consumers. framework. Chamber of Commerce, ‌ Coordinate partnership Present ‌ the views Influence ‌ EIP ▶ Trade/Industry between resident firms ▶ ▶ Business of the private policies to make Associations, and local governments Associations sector entities sure that economic Manufacturers’ and provide support for /Chamber of along the policy- and financial associations, identifying potential EIP Commerce making processes interests of their SME opportunities. to promote EIPs. members are met. associations, etc. ▶ Share knowledge and ‌ necessary data to meet ‌ Provide collective Water/ increasing demand for ▶ services and Generate ‌ market Electricity improved energy efficiency ▶ Service technologies values and suppliers, other Ensure that new EIP ‌ providers essential to new business ▶ EIP technology infrastructures and services realizing EIP opportunities. suppliers are resilient to higher development. resource costs and various climate change risks. ▶ ‌ Facilitate linkages ▶ Promote ‌ ▶ Promote local jobs related ‌ between resident sustainable Employees’ to EIP businesses by raising firms, SMEs and working Employees Associations awareness on the benefits communities inside environment for of EIP initiatives. and outside the employees within park. the industrial park. ▶ ‌ Influence resident Industrial/ firms to go beyond Gain ‌ reputation Develop ‌ corporate ▶ Customers commercial their conventional as a sustainable ▶ sustainability standards or of resident buyers production company, thereby standards for eco-friendly firms including the practices toward increasing their products. global buyers developing eco- market values. friendly products. 4 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Institutions/ Stakeholder Roles Influence Interest organizations category (examples) (examples) (examples) (examples) ▶ Provide customized ‌ support to EIP policy processes, building upon the lessons learned Promote ‌ globally. ▶ sustainable Development World Bank, Help line ministries and ‌ ‌ Form national and socio-economic ▶ partners IFC, UNIDO, GIZ, key stakeholders translate ▶ local partnerships development and (external)/ DFID, and other the International EIP to increase private sector International development Framework into the investments in EIPs. development organizations partners national EIP framework of their client through technical and countries. regulatory assessment. ▶ Share international best ‌ practices and develop capacity building programs. ▶ Communicate ‌ to government Support EIP programs to ‌ about the need to ▶ improve resident firms’ modify the national environmental and social EIP framework ‌ Promote performance. ▶ including the sustainable Encourage resident firms to ‌ target values of the livelihoods and ▶ NGOs meet EIP commitments at EIP performance development the global, national and/or indicators. opportunities local levels. Influence resident ‌ within the country. Participate in dialogues ‌ ▶ firms to go beyond ▶ and EIP policy-making their conventional processes. production practices. ▶ ‌ Generate new knowledge and Civil society Support ‌ improved access to technologies useful ▶ technology, R&D and skills to implementing ‌ Increase related to EIP, especially ▶ Academia the national EIP investment in through capacity building and Research framework. research that processes. institutions ‌ Scope and develop helps advance EIP ‌ Develop (inter)national best ▶ the best available technologies. ▶ practice case studies on EIP- technologies that related policies. can be applicable to EIPs. Provide ‌ views of local Promote ‌ ▶ communities on EIP ‌ Communicate ▶ sustainable ▶ development. with government Local livelihoods and ‌ Provide support for about impact of communities development ▶ infrastructure development EIPs on the local opportunities for and provision of services population. local people. through consent. 5 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Stakeholder Mapping Matrix (Stakeholder Mapping Sample 2) High INFLUENCE Medium Low Low Medium High INTEREST 6 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Stakeholder Mapping Diagram (Stakeholder Mapping Sample 3) Civil society Issues at Private stake and State sector objectives Key actors Pr i ma r y a c t o r s S ec onda y a c t o r s 7 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox A checklist of questionnaires for stakeholder analysis Tool 1.2.  Category Objective of analysis Sample questionnaires Understand policy making processes relevant to EIP, ▶ ‌‌Is there a significant lack of coordination among stakeholders, which as well as the legitimacy could impede the operation of EIP projects? and coordination capacity ▶ ‌ there general lack of trust in key public/private sector institutions? Is of institutions involved. ▶ ‌I ‌ s there general support for EIPs? ▶ Are there any existing successful dialogue initiatives or processes on ‌ relevant topics (e.g. industrial competitiveness, climate change, and clean production) that can be leveraged? ▶ A ‌‌ re stakeholders experienced in making evidence-based policy decisions? ▶ ‌ private sector stakeholders have capacities to contribute to the Do design and implementation of EIPs? ▶ How do relevant public institutions coordinate with each other? Do ‌ Review institutional institutions have overlapping mandates regarding the development of support and EIP projects? stakeholders’ capacities ▶ ‌Are there feedback loop mechanisms? ‌ Institutional & to conduct public- ‌‌Are there relevant and credible research institutions that can private dialogue (PPD). ▶ organizational participate in the PPD? capacity ▶ ‌ Which are the institutions that have capacity and credibility to support and lead EIP-related dialogues? ▶ What are the financial mechanisms that can help fund PPD activities? ‌ ▶ ‌Which existing dialogues can be anchored to initiate a PPD on EIP? ‌ ▶ ‌Which institutions are supportive of EIP agenda? ‌ ▶ ‌ Who has a mandate or ability to convene stakeholders? ▶ Do any key groups lack in terms of capacity to participate in EIP- ‌ related PPD? ▶ Are the high-level objectives and benefits clear to stakeholders? ‌ ▶ ‌ there any knowledge gaps? If so, what are they? Are ▶ ‌ What perceptions do stakeholders have of EIP and each other within the scope of EIP design and implementation? Examine perceptions Are stakeholders adequately sensitized and aware of the objectives of ‌ and awareness on EIP. ▶ EIPs? ▶ ‌‌ s information/knowledge equally accessible to all stakeholders? Where I are the knowledge gaps? What would be potential strategies to close the knowledge gaps regarding EIP? 8 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Category Objective of analysis Sample questionnaires ▶ ‌ How complex and challenging is the political economy? What is the track record of reforms in the past? Understand political ▶ ‌ What is the level of the private sector’s influence on policy decisions Political economy and power in general? economy of EIP dynamics that could ▶ ‌ What does the ecosystem of identified EIP stakeholders look like? Are development affect EIP development there centers of power/influence/networks? processes. ▶ ‌ Who are the potential champions, allies and adversaries that can help achieve or hinder the implementation of EIPs? Is there a risk of agenda capture? ▶ ‌ all beneficiaries being consulted or engaged? Are ▶ ‌ there any stakeholders who are marginalized but should have Are Ensure the inclusiveness been involved? Inclusiveness of decision-making ‌ there any on-going or planned industrial park projects that need to Are of EIP processes by ▶ work with adjacent communities on skills development, employability, development engaging all affected resettlement, and environmental issues etc.? process parties, citizens and ‌ Where and how do stakeholders/beneficiaries get their information/ beneficiaries. ▶ news? ▶ ‌ information/knowledge equally accessible to all stakeholders? Is 9 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox A checklist for a national-level “snapshot” technical analysis Tool 1.3.  Questions to assess the readiness of industrial parks for implementing the Topic Sub-topic International EIP Framework Does a distinctive park operating body (or alternative agency) exist to handle park ‌ Park management ▶ planning, operations and management, and monitoring? Park management Park property, ▶ Does the park operator/park management entity manage and maintain the industrial park ‌ services common property, common infrastructure, and services as prescribed in the tenant contract and infrastructure and the park's Master Plan? services Park management ▶ Does the park management entity maintain a monitoring system that can be used in ‌ tracking the progress on environmental, social and economic performance at the park level? ▶ Does the park management entity have a plane to respond to possible negative impacts ‌ Monitoring EIP due to climate change risks (heat waves and droughts, storms and floodwater events)? performance ▶ ‌D ‌ oes the park management entity examine critical risk/hazard factors and plan related Monitoring and critical risk responses for handling hazardous materials, liquid and gaseous effluents, including and risk management transportation and disposal of those substances? management ▶ ‌D ‌ oes the park management entity have a risk management plan in place to deal with the adverse impacts of climate change and extreme weather events (e.g. heat waves, droughts, storms, flashflood)? Are the adaptation opportunities for infrastructure and services identified? Information on ▶ Does the park management entity have a functioning system that enables park to ‌ applicable regulations comply with local and national regulations, and international standards applicable to the and standards industrial park? 10 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks If the answers to these questions are yes, collect the following information during a snapshot technical assessment Checklist (If answers are no, implement a range of corrective actions suggested in Tool 2.4 to ensure that prerequisites are met.) Y/N If yes, collect information about the roles and responsibilities of the park operating body. If yes, review whether the park operator or park management entity performs the following functions: ▶ Property management, including plot allotments, re-allotments, development, land use monitoring, and so on. ‌ ▶ Utilities, roads, and technical units such as waste and wastewater treatment plants and operations, power and energy ‌ systems. ▶ ‌W ‌ aste collection areas and services. ▶ Maintenance and repair workshops. ‌ Y/N ▶ Common landscaping, buffer zones, street lighting, security surveillance and street cleaning. ‌ ▶ Security and emergency response services and facilities. ‌ ▶ Common employee and tenant facilities. ‌ ▶ Provide facilitating services to and between resident firms (for example, networking, collaboration and training ‌ opportunities). ▶ Engagement with the park’s stakeholders and business representatives. ‌ Y/N See Step 4.1 of Section 1 in the Handbook. Y/N If yes, collect necessary quantitative and qualitative data following Step 4.1 of Section 1 and prepare consolidated reports. If yes, list the park operator’s plans to handle hazardous materials within the selected industrial parks. This information will Y/N be useful in setting up the target value related to the performance indicator on Air, GHG emissions and pollution prevention. Y/N If yes, review and collect information on the strategies and plans to handle climate change risks within industrial parks. If yes, collect information on the list of local and national regulations relevant to promoting EIP (see Tool 1.5). Y/N 11 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Questions used for assessing the readiness of industrial parks to apply the Topic Sub-topic International EIP framework ▶ Has a Master Plan (or a planning document that is equivalent to the Master Plan) been ‌ developed for industrial parks? ▶ ‌Is it reviewed regularly? ‌ ▶ And, does the Master Plan include the following: ‌ Site selection study based on various risk analyses including seismic risk assessment; ‌ Park management ▷ Planning and ▷ ‌ Essential and efficient infrastructure, utilities and transportation network; g zonin­ Master Plan ▷ ‌ Environmental and social impact assessment; ▷ ‌I ‌ nternal park land zoning; ▷ ‌B ‌ uffer zone around the park; ▷ Procedure to safely locate high risk industries; ‌ ▷ ‌P ‌ lans to locate and cluster synergistic industries. ▶ Does the Master Plan integrate elements elaborated in the International EIP Performance ‌ requirements? Environmental/ Management Do park management entities operate an environmental/energy management system in ‌ Energy Management ▶ and line with internationally certified standards (e.g. ISO 14001, ISO 50001), monitoring park Systems (EMS and monitoring performance and supporting resident firms? EnMS) Are the industrial heat recovery strategies in place to identify opportunities for heat and ‌ Exchange of waste ▶ energy recovery for the major energy-consuming firms in the park? (typically, those that heat energy consume at least 10-20 percent of total energy consumed at the park) Energy Do ‌ the energy efficiency measures exist for the park management infrastructure and major Energy efficiency ▶ Environmental energy consuming resident firms? Do parks and resident firms have plans and documented evidence to increase water reuse ‌ Water efficiency, ▶ Water in the short and medium term? The plans could be related to reuse of industrial effluents reuse and recycling and rainwater/storm water collection. Air, GHG emissions ▶ ‌I ‌ s a program established to monitor, mitigate and/or minimize GHG emissions, such as and pollution carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, and so on? Climate change and prevention ▶ Is there clear evidence of steps taken into introduce mitigation activities at the park level? ‌ the natural environment Environmental ▶ ‌D ‌ oes the park management entity have a plan in place to assess operational assessment and environmental impacts and aims to reduce the environmental impact on prioritized local ecosystem services ecosystem services? Social ‌D ‌ oes the park management entity have dedicated personnel to plan and manage social Social management Management team ▶ quality standards? systems 12 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks If the answers to these questions are yes, collect the following information during a snapshot technical assessment Checklist (If answers are no, implement a range of corrective actions suggested in Tool 2.4 to ensure that prerequisites are met.) If yes, collect further information on: ▶ Master Plans for industrial parks ‌ Y/N ▶ Site selection studies ‌ ▶ ‌E ‌ nvironmental and Social Impact Assessment studies ▶ Regulations related to planning and siting industrial parks ‌ If yes, examine how many large resident firms (with more than 250 employees) have environmental/energy management Y/N systems tin line with internationally certified standards. If yes, list industrial heat recovery strategies in place. This will be helpful in identifying opportunities to create industrial Y/N symbiosis network. Use Table 6 of the Handbook as a reference. If yes, collect data on the types of energy efficiency measures for the park management infrastructure. This will provide useful Y/N information in setting the target value of the performance indicator related to energy consumption and energy efficiency categories. If yes, review park level plans, programs, or documents, as well as the firm level water saving and reuse plans, to improve Y/N water reuse and reduce water consumption. This review will provide helpful information in setting the target values of the performance indicators related to water efficiency, reuse and recycling. Y/N If yes, collect information on the list of measures and programs introduced within the industrial parks and/or by major polluters to reduce GHG emissions (e.g. low-carbon technologies, energy efficiency measures, waste heat). This information Y/N will help set the target values of the performance indicators on Air, GHG emissions and pollution prevention. Y/N If yes, identify and assess the operational environmental impacts. Y/N If yes, collect data via survey if dedicated personal exist to plan and manage social quality standards. 13 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Questions used for assessing the readiness of industrial parks to apply the Topic Sub-topic International EIP framework Social Primary social Is social infrastructure included in the site master plan and fully operational? ‌ infrastructure infrastructure ▶ ▶ Does the park management entity have plans to generate specific number and type of ‌ Employment Type of employment jobs in line with the national government targets? generation ▶ Do industrial parks generate employment opportunities for local communities? ‌ Local business Does the park management entity promote the establishment of SMEs that add value to ‌ Economic and SME SME development ▶ the resident firms in the industrial parks? promotion ▶ Does the industrial park fulfil the relevant government targets, including domestic, FDI ‌ and tax revenues? Market demand for Economic Does the park management entity track the economic performance of the industrial ‌ EIP services and ▶ value creation parks? infrastructure ▶ Are market demand and feasibility studies developed for green infrastructure and service ‌ offerings? 14 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks If the answers to these questions are yes, collect the following information during a snapshot technical assessment Checklist (If answers are no, implement a range of corrective actions suggested in Tool 2.4 to ensure that prerequisites are met.) If yes, identify via the site master plan if essential primary social infrastructure has been adequately provided and is fully Y/N operational. If yes, collect information on park operator’s plans to generate specific numbers and types of jobs in line with government Y/N targets. Collect data via survey on historical employment data if industrial parks generate employment opportunities for local communities. If yes, identify programs aimed at promoting SMEs. Assess the total procurement values of the park operator supplied by Y/N local firms and SMEs under these programs. This assessment will help set the target values of the economic performance indicators. Y/N If yes, identify market demands and feasibility studies for green infrastructure and services. 15 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox  List of EIP performance indicators and steps involved in establishing Tool 1.4. ‌ target values (full list) Information required to set Topic Sub-topic Indicator Unit targets Proportion of firms in the industrial park that have signed a residency contract/ park charter/code of conduct (depending on what is legally binding on park firms according to the existing legislation in Documentation related to the country1); and additional legally industrial park management Park binding arrangements that empower Percentage of and tenant membership; local management the park management entity to perform firms (%) norms and regulation regarding empowerment its responsibilities and tasks and charge park management, and tenant Park fees (sometimes absorbed in rental fees) contracts. management for common services. This may include services transparent fees for services pertaining to the achievement of EIP performance targets. Park management Park The resident firms are satisfied with management the provision of services and common Percentage of Industrial park statistics collected entity property infrastructure by the park management’s firms (%) by the park operators. and common entity (or alternative agency, where infrastructure applicable). Park management entity regularly monitors and prepares consolidated reports regarding the achievement of target values as documented in the International EIP Framework to Monitoring EIP performance Report provided by the park encompass the following; Frequency of and risk and critical risk operators on risk management ‌ ‌ Environmental performance; reports management management and emergency responses. ▶ ▶ Social performance; ‌ ▶ Economic performance; ‌ ▶ Critical risk management at the level ‌ of the park. 1 In most developing countries, a park’s charter or code of conduct may not be a legally binding instrument. Therefore, it would not provide the park operator with the necessary powers.  2 In some cases, negotiations among stakeholders may be required to set target values for EIP performance indicators. 16 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Setting the target Steps involved in setting the Potential What needs to be done if the info is values (minimum, indicators/ stakeholders to not readily available, or if there is no medium, and Where and how to obtain information consult relevant regulation maximum) ‌ Assess legally binding documentation ‌ Perform surveys to check park ▶ between the park entity and tenants ▶ Park operators, zone Work with park governance and resident membership (for example, rental contracts at authority operators2) contracts. Work with park operators to pilot parks) and park governance set the target value. regulations at the national level. ▶ ‌‌ erform surveys to assess firms' P satisfaction with social infrastructures ‌Assess data provided by park operators ‌‌ Park operators, zone Work with park provided by park operators. ▶ regarding firm satisfaction. authority operators. ▶ ‌ Work with park operators to set the target value. ▶ Check whether the reporting ‌‌ requirement is based on the appropriate set of information. ▶ ‌‌ ork with park operators to set up a W ‌Check whether park operators have ‌‌ reporting management system in line Park operators, zone Work with park ▶ a system to ensure the quality of with EIP performance indicators. authority operators. information and data collected for ▶ ‌‌ ork with park operators to set the W monitoring EIP performance. target value. ▶ ‌ Check the current reporting frequency (e.g. 6 months, 12 months). 17 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Information required to set the Topic Sub-topic Indicator Unit targets Environmental/ Proportion of resident firms, with more Energy Annual national statistics on firms, Management than 250 employees, which have an Management Percentage of statistics published by the park and environmental/energy management Systems (EMS firms operator/park management entity monitoring system in place that is in line with and EnMS, (in pilot parks). internationally certified standards. respectively) Percentage Proportion of combined park facilities of combined Energy and firm-level energy consumption, for park & firm Annual national statistics on the consumption which metering and monitoring systems level energy firm-level energy consumption. are in place. consumption (%) Percentage of renewable Annual national average energy Total renewable energy use in the energy use in mix data, information about the industrial park is equal to or greater than park relative installed capacity of renewable the annual national average energy mix. Environmental to national energy generators within the park. average (%) Renewable and clean energy Energy Park management entity sets and works Information on national best toward ambitious (beyond industry Kg CO2e/kWh practice within industry sectors norms) maximum carbon intensity targets [in line with that have significantly reduced (maximum kilograms of carbon dioxide local norms and carbon intensity. Use sandbox equivalent (kgCO2e)/ kilowatt hour (kWh) industry sector or similar tools provided by for the park and its residents. Targets benchmarks] international development banks should be established for the short, to calculate carbon intensity medium, and long term. index. Park management entity sets and works kWh/$ turnover toward ambitious maximum energy [in line with Energy intensity targets per production unit National GDP (annual), total local norms and Efficiency (kWh/$ turnover) for the park and its annual electricity consumption. industry sector residents. Targets should be established benchmarks] for the short, medium, and long term. 18 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Setting the target Steps involved in setting the Potential What needs to be done if the values indicators/ stakeholders to information is not readily available, (minimum medium, Where and how to obtain information consult or if there is no relevant regulation and maximum) Ministry of ▶ Run ‌ a survey of selected industrial ‌ Check with management firms that Environment, parks to examine whether resident ▶ provide certification to identify firms Ministry of Industrial firms with more than 250 employees that have EMS systems in place and Development, >= national average have EMS in place in line with hire more than 250 employees. Assess Certification international standards the national landscape of the firms institutions, and the Work ‌ with park operators to set a with EMS/EnMS systems. representatives of the ▶ reasonable target value. firms ‌ Identify reasons why no metering ‌ Request data from utilities (public and ▶ Utility companies, park Maximum value/set as systems are installed and use ▶ private) that provide power supply to operators highest as possible preliminary results available from the industrial parks. local utilities’ current billing systems. If there is no regulation that requires a certain level of renewable energy mix, Representatives of or if there is no data collected on the ▶ E ‌‌ xamine annual national average stakeholder groups national renewable energy mix: energy mix. including park ▶ ‌‌ dentify a benchmark in the region I ▶ ‌ Examine installed capacity of operators, electricity or around the world that promotes renewable energy plants within providers to the park, Work with park renewable energy use/production in selected industrial parks. ministries of energy and operators. the industrial parks. ▶ ‌‌ ompare the park’s renewable energy C industrial development ▶ ‌ Compare this benchmark with installation capacity against the which grant licenses available national data. national energy mix. or permits to operate ▶ Provide ‌ support for industrial park renewable plants entities to help them agree on targets that go beyond the national average mix. ▶ ‌ Establish a system to identify national ▶ ‌ Set the benchmark by identifying benchmarks by sectors, using international/regional best practices tools and information provided by Ministry of Industrial international development banks. that align with national policy goals. Development, Ministry Work with park I ‌‌ nvolve the main industrial park ‌ the national level, collect data At of Environment, park operators. ▶ ▶ entities in roundtables to identify across industrial parks for 1 or 2 years. management entities feasible targets beyond national ▶ ‌‌ alk to industrial park entities to T industry sector benchmarks. agree on targets beyond national benchmarks. ▶ ‌‌ stablish a system at the national level E to collect data across industrial parks for 1 or 2 years. ▶ ‌ Set the target by industry sector by Ministry of Industrial ‌ Identify national benchmarks by calculating: Development, Ministry ▶ Work with park sectors, using tools and information T ‌‌ otal annual electricity consumption of Finance, Ministry operators. provided by international development ▶ (kWh)/The national GDP generated by of Environment, park banks. the industry sector annually management entities ▶ ‌ Talk to industrial park entities to agree on targets beyond national benchmarks. 19 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Information required to set the Topic Sub-topic Indicator Unit targets Total water demand from firms in Percentage of Availability of water resources and Water industrial park which do not have water demand valuation of consumption rate to consumption significant negative impacts on local (%) avoid depletion. water sources or local communities. Percentage of Water Proportion of industrial wastewater waste water Quality of water from national generated by industrial park and resident Water treatment treated/total lakes, rivers, sea, and groundwater firms, which is treated to appropriate waste water in proximity of industrial parks. environmental standards. (%) National statistics data on the Proportion of total industrial wastewater Percentage of Environmental Water efficiency, total amount of industrial water from firms in the park are reused water reused/ reuse and consumption; responsibly within or outside the total water recycling Total amount of treated industrial park. consumed (%) wastewater by industrial sectors. Percentage of Proportion of solid waste generated Data on national waste Waste/by- solid waste Waste and by firms, which is reused by other management with a focus on product re-use reused/total material use firms, neighboring communities, or landfill, recycling and incineration and recycling waste municipalities. capacities. (%) Proportion of firms in park, which Information on the regulatory Dangerous and Percentage of appropriately handle, store, transport and framework on toxic waste toxic materials firms (%) dispose of toxic and hazardous materials. management. Waste and material use Data on national waste Maximum proportion of wastes generated Percentage of management with a focus on Waste disposal by firms in the industrial park which go to waste to landfill landfill, recycling and incineration landfills. (%) capacities 20 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Setting the target Steps involved in setting the Potential What needs to be done if the values indicators/ stakeholders to information is not readily available, (minimum medium, Where and how to obtain information consult or if there is no relevant regulation and maximum) ▶ ‌‌ ssess the amount of water resource A Ministry of extracted from rivers and groundwater ‌‌ nalyze national data on water A Environment, sources. ▶ resources and consumptions. Ministry of Industrial ▶ Examine ‌ whether the water resource is ‌‌ xamine national statistics on E Development, Work with park consumed at a sustainable level. ▶ water shortage induced by weather government entities operators. Identify ‌ global or regional benchmark conditions including extreme weather helping to protect ▶ on industrial sectors’ sustainable water events. rivers, lakes and consumption levels and practices. groundwater sources, park operators ▶ Work ‌ with park operators to set the target value. Ministry of ▶ M ‌‌ ap water systems near industrial Environment, parks. Ministry of Industrial ▶ Analyze ‌ the quality of water from ‌ Check regulatory documents to see Development, national lakes, rivers, sea, and Work with park ▶ whether resident firms are required to government entities groundwater in proximity of industrial operators. treat wastewater by law. helping to protect parks. rivers, lakes and ▶ ‌ Convene the Ministry of Environment groundwater sources, and park operators to set the target park operators value. Ministry of ▶ ‌ Identify national water resources Environment, and maximum consumption rate to E ‌‌ xamine existing rules or regulatory Ministry of Industrial avoid depletion. Provide support to ▶ frameworks that oversee industrial Development, national Work with park incentivize wastewater treatment water consumption with an aim to agency for the operators. activities and the reuse of refined minimize inefficient use of water in protection of rivers, water. industrial processes. lakes and groundwater ▶ ‌ Work with park operators to set the sources, park operators target value. ▶ ‌ Map national landfill, incineration and Ministry of recycling capacity. ‌‌ xamine national targets, regulations E Environment, ‌ Set medium- to long-term plans to Work with park ▶ ▶ and local norms on waste Ministry of Industrial incentivize recycling over landfill and operators. management. Development, and park incineration. operators ▶ ‌ Work with park operators to set the target value. ▶ ‌‌ efer to the international or regional R E ‌‌ xamine how toxic materials and best practices to update hazardous ▶ hazardous substances are defined Ministry of Environment Maximize target value. and toxic waste list. within countries’ existing regulatory if necessary Work ‌ with park operators to set the framework. ▶ target value. ▶ ‌ Map national landfill incineration, and Ministry of recycling capacity. E ‌‌ xamine national targets, regulations Environment, ‌‌ et medium- to long-term plans to S Work with park ▶ ▶ and local norms on waste Ministry of Industrial incentivize recycling over landfill and operators. management. Development, and park incineration. operators ▶ ‌‌Work with park operators to set the target value. 21 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Information required to set the Topic Sub-topic Indicator Unit targets National norms about urban Percentage of Minimum proportion of open space in the or industrial development and Flora and fauna open space park used for native flora and fauna. minimum regulatory requirements (%) for green space. Proportion of firms in park which have pollution prevention and emission National environmental laws and reduction strategies to reduce the Percentage of regulations on emissions; regional Environmental Climate intensity and mass flow of pollution/ firms (%) and international best practices change and emission release beyond national on emission targets. the natural regulations. environment Air, GHG emissions and pollution prevention Proportion of largest polluters in industrial park which have a risk Records of environmental management framework in place that: Percentage of violations or documented (a) identifies the aspects which have largest emitters information on the past historical an impact on the environment and; (b) (%) environmental accidents. assign a level of significance to each environmental aspect. Percentage of all firms in the industrial Social OH&S National statistics; industrial park park with more than 250 employees Percentage of Social management management statistics; data on industrial parks that have a well-functioning OH&S firms (%) systems system from major certification bodies. management system in place. 22 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Setting the target Steps involved in setting the Potential What needs to be done if the values indicators/ stakeholders to information is not readily available, (minimum medium, Where and how to obtain information consult or if there is no relevant regulation and maximum) ▶ ‌‌ heck the site plans, design, and C Ministry of Forestry, layout of industrial parks. ▶ ‌ Check the site plans, design, and Fishery and Agriculture, layout of industrial parks. Minimum acceptable ‌‌ onduct the assessment of green C Ministry of Industrial ▶ ‌ Conduct a physical assessment of value spaces available on sites. Development, and park ▶ green space set aside in the site plans. ‌ Work with park operators to set the operators. ▶ target value. ▶ C ‌‌ heck the existing national targets to reduce the list of pollutants and GHGs including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide ‌ dentify international/regional best (N2O), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), ▶ Ministry of practices in setting up mid-term hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), sulfur Environment, targets to reduce the emission of the oxides (SOx), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) Work with park Ministry of Industrial listed pollutants. emissions. operators. Development, and park Conduct a scenario analysis. ‌ ‌ Check countries’ mid-term targets ▶ operators ▶ to reduce the emission of the list of ▶ ‌‌ ork with park operators to set the W afore-mentioned pollutants. target values. ▶ ‌ Conduct a survey of selected industrial parks to set a benchmark for the target value. ▶ ‌ dentify large emitters in terms of the level of their CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs, I ‌‌ f the regulation exists on risk HFCs, SOx, and NOx emissions. Ministry of ▶ management (hazardous material ‌ Check the records of large emitters’ Environment, relevant Work with park ▶ management and safety regulations, environmental violations or incidents line ministries, and park operators. etc.), all resident firms within the park of non-compliance. operators must comply with these regulations. ▶ ‌ Work with park operators to set targets or limits regarding the acceptable number of accidents by large emitters. ▶ Assess ‌ annual data on injuries, occupational diseases, absenteeism, as well as the total number of work- related fatalities by industrial sector. ‌‌ nalyze national and park statistics or A ‌ Conduct a survey among the resident Certification bodies, Work with park ▶ ▶ assess data available from certification firms with more than 250 employees Ministry of Labor, and operators. bodies. within parks to examine whether they park operators have an OH&S management system in place. ▶ W ‌‌ ork with park operators to set the target value. 23 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Information required to set the Topic Sub-topic Indicator Unit targets Industrial park statistics and Percentage of records on non-compliance Percentage of grievances received by grievances management (quality the park management entity which are (%) management system) over a six- addressed within 90 days. month period. Grievance Percentage of grievances received by the Industrial park statistics and non- management Percentage of park management entity, which were conformity management (quality grievances Social brought to conclusion. management system). management systems Percentage of all firms in the industrial Industrial park statistics and park with more than 250 employees that Percentage of reports on the status of non- have a code of conduct system in place firms conformity management (quality to deal with grievances. management system). Social Percentage of all firms in the industrial Industrial park statistics and Harassment park with more than 250 employees Percentage of reports on harassment prevention response that have a harassment prevention and firms and management. response system in place. Percentage of the surveyed employees’ Percentage Social Primary social Industrial park statistics and reporting satisfaction with social of surveyed infrastructure infrastructure reports. infrastructure. employees Percentage Percentage of reported security and safety Industrial park statistics and Social Industrial park of reported issues that are adequately addressed reports on security and safety infrastructure security security and within 30 days. records. safety issues 3  FC published a guideline on grievance management for companies doing businesses in emerging markets. Further information can be found in the following link: I https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/4d94aa80488559ed849cd66a6515bb18/PartOne_GrievanceManagement.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 24 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Setting the target Steps involved in setting the Potential What needs to be done if the values indicators/ stakeholders to information is not readily available, (minimum medium, Where and how to obtain information consult or if there is no relevant regulation and maximum) ▶ ‌ Conduct surveys at the park level to assess the current status of grievance ▶ ‌ Assess data provided by park management. operators on grievance statistics and Park operators Work with park ▶ ‌ Benchmark international best management. operators. practices.3 ▶ ‌ Work with park operators to set target value. ▶ ‌‌ onduct surveys at park level to C Assess ‌ data provided by park assess the current status of grievance Work with park ▶ operators on grievance statistics and Park operators management. operators. management. ▶ Work ‌ with park operators to set the target value. ▶ ‌ Conduct surveys at park level to ‌‌ ssess data provided by park A assess the current status of grievance Work with park ▶ operators on grievance statistics and Park operators management. operators. management. ▶ ‌ Work with park operators to set the target value. ▶ C ‌‌ onduct surveys at park level to assess the current status of harassment and A ‌‌ ssess data provided by park Work with park strategies to manage harassment. ▶ operators on harassment statistics and Park operators operators. Work ‌ with park operators/park management. ▶ management entities to set the target value. ▶ ‌ Conduct surveys at park level to assess employees' satisfaction with Park operators, Ministry ‌‌ ssess data provided by park operators A Work with park social infrastructure provided by park of Equality or Social ▶ on the level of employees' satisfaction. operators. operators. welfare ▶ W ‌‌ ork with park operators to set target value. ▶ ‌‌ onduct surveys at park level to assess C ‌ Assess data provided by park Work with park safety and security issue management. ▶ operators on safety and security issue Park operators operators. ‌ Work with park operators to set the management. ▶ target value. 25 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Information required to set the Topic Sub-topic Indicator Unit targets Percentage of all firms in the industrial Industrial park statistics, reports park with more than 250 employees with Percentage of and other records on vocational a program for skills/vocational training firms training. and development. Social Capacity infrastructure building Percentage of female workforce who Percentage benefit from available supporting of female Industrial park statistics and infrastructure or programs for skills workforce reports. development. Survey data conducted by park Social operators or park management Percentage entities with local communities in Percentage of the surveyed community of surveyed the region; Community members that are satisfied with the community Communication & marketing dialogue community dialogue. members plans or strategies implemented by the national or regional park Local management entities. community outreach Survey data conducted by park operators/park management Number of outreach activities Number of entities with local communities in implemented by the park management outreach the region; Community entity annually that are regarded as activities per Communication & marketing outreach positive by over 80 percent of the year plans or strategies implemented surveyed community members. by the national or regional park management entities National statistics on the national average commuting distance to Local Percentage of total workers employed work; industrial park-level or firm- Economic Employment Percentage of employment in industrial park who live within daily level statistics on employees’ generation employees generation commuting distance. commuting distance, commuting modes and time, and where they are commuting from. 26 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Setting the target Steps involved in setting the Potential What needs to be done if the values indicators/ stakeholders to information is not readily available, (minimum medium, Where and how to obtain information consult or if there is no relevant regulation and maximum) ▶ ‌‌ onduct surveys at park level and C ▶ ‌ Assess data provided by park operators with resident firms to examine existing on their programs and resident firms’ Work with park programs for skills/vocational training Park operators programs for employees' skills/ operators. and development. vocational training and development. ▶ Work ‌ with park operators to set target the value. ▶ ‌ Conduct surveys at park level to assess infrastructure or programs for skills Assess ‌ data provided by park operators development and gender statistics; Work with park ▶ on infrastructure or programs for skill Park operators I ‌‌ dentify international best practices operators. ▶ development grouped by gender. and benchmark; ▶ ‌‌ ork with park operators to set the W target value. ▶ ‌‌ nalyze data that park operators A ▶ C ‌‌ onduct surveys with local collect from local communities or communities within a reasonable those who live within a close proximity Local communities radius from the industrial parks Work with park to industrial parks. living in close proximity to assess their satisfaction with operators. ▶ Assess ‌ communication and marketing to industrial parks. parks’ efforts to inform and engage plans provided by main industrial communities on the matters that affect parks them. ▶ ‌‌ nalyze data that park operators A ▶ ‌‌ onduct surveys with local C collect from local communities on Local communities communities within a reasonable their satisfaction with park's efforts within a reasonable radius from the industrial parks to inform and engage them in the radius from the Work with park to assess their satisfaction with matters that affect them. industrial parks, local operators. parks’ efforts to inform and engage ▶ ‌‌ ssess communication and marketing A municipalities, and communities on the matters that affect plans provided by park operators. park operators. them. ▶ ‌ Check with national level park ▶ ‌‌ n partnership with park operators I management entity on the availability and the representatives of resident of data on the average commuting firms, conduct surveys of workers Ministry of Labor and Work with park distance to work. in the industrial parks to assess the park operators operators. ▶ ‌‌ heck whether information on C actual percentage of workers who live employees’ commuting distance is within daily commuting distance. Use available at the park level or firm level. appropriate sampling techniques. 27 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Information required to set the Topic Sub-topic Indicator Unit targets Percentage of total firm workers in National and provincial-level industrial park employed through direct statistics on employment (e.g. Employment Type of employment (that is, not employed on a Percentage of employment rate); industrial park- generation employment fee-for-output basis or provided through employees level targets and statistics on a labor supply firm) and permanent employment. contracts. Percentage of resident firms using local Economic suppliers or service providers for at least Percentage of 80 percent of their total procurement firms value. Industrial park statistics on resident firms’ procurement strategies, as well as reports Local business Local value on strategies to engage local and SME added suppliers or service providers; promotion and similar statistics and reports available at the national level. Percentage of total Percentage of total procurement value procurement of park management entity supplied by value of park local firms or service providers. management entity or park operator The ratio of rented or used space by Investment- Average percent Documentation or data collected Economic resident firms compared to the total ready park for occupancy rate by the park operator on the status value creation amount of available space earmarked for firms over 5 years of resident firms’ rental contracts. resident firms within the industrial parks. 28 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Setting the target Steps involved in setting the Potential What needs to be done if the values indicators/ stakeholders to information is not readily available, (minimum medium, Where and how to obtain information consult or if there is no relevant regulation and maximum) ▶ Assess ‌ and forecast the long-term growth rate of industrial sectors within ▶ ‌ Examine reports, statistics, the industrial parks. documentation and targets set both ▶ ‌ Verify with park operators and the at the national and local levels that Ministry of Labor on the direct are relevant to increasing direct employment rate. employment. ▶ Identify ‌ a program or areas for ▶ C ‌‌ heck with park operator's long-term intervention to support technical strategies to meet market demands, Ministry of Industry, education and better meet with the Work with park as well as strategies to increase Ministry of Labor and needs of the industrial park. operators. profitability. park operators ▶ Work ‌ with park operators to develop ▶ C ‌‌ heck with park operators the medium- and long-term plans to selection criteria the resident firms in increase employment of local workers the park adopt for employment and with proper skills and competences. conduct a gap analysis of skills and Ensure that these plans are in line competences in the region. with the park’s expectations on the medium- and long-term growth of the sectors within the park. ▶ ‌‌ nalyze region's industrial activities A and available services that are relevant to selected industrial parks’ ▶ ‌ Assess the regional activities that specialized/priority sectors and are relevant to industrial parks' procurement strategies. specialized/priority sectors and Analyze ‌ outsourcing or procurement procurement strategies. Work with park ▶ strategies of the industrial parks. Ministry of Industry and Develop ‌ long-term plans to assist operators. ▶ ▶ ‌‌ f there is little transaction between I park operators the development of qualified and local suppliers and the park’s resident sustainable local industries, while firms, examine whether potential local setting the target value through suppliers are lacking competitiveness negotiation with park operators. in terms of cost, quality and technology. ▶ ‌ Analyze region's industrial activities in connection to the industrial parks. ▶ ‌ Analyze the outsourcing or procurement strategies of the Assess ‌ the regional subcontracting industrial parks. ▶ Ministry of Industry and Work with park activities in relation to industrial parks' ▶ ‌ there is little transaction between If park operators operators. procurement strategies. Work with local suppliers and the park’s resident park operators to set the target value. firms, examine whether potential local suppliers are lacking competitiveness in terms of cost, quality and technology. ‌ Conduct technical assessment to ‌ Assess provided technical ▶ check the ratio of currently rented or ▶ documentations and information on Work with park Ministry of Industry and used space in the industrial parks and rental contracts and/or occupancy operators. park operators work with industrial park operators to rates. set the target value. 29 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Tool 1.5. Sample template for regulatory mapping Category of List of regulations (Examples drawn from Korean Subject topics regulations regulations) Job creation/training/skill ▶ Vocational Education and Training Promotion Act ‌‌ development ▶ ‌ Framework Act on Employment Policy ▶ Foreign Investment Promotion Act ‌ FDI/Export ▶ ‌ Guidelines For Operation of Foreign Investment Zones ▶ Technology Development Promotion Act ‌ ▶ Korea Technology Finance Corporation Act ‌ R&D/Investment in or ‌ on Special Cases Concerning Support for Techno Act facilitation of technological ▶ parks development ▶ Industrial ‌ Education enhancement and Industry- Socio-economic Academia-Research Cooperation Promotion Act Tax laws ▶ Restriction of Special Taxation Act ‌ ▶ Act on Support for Female-Owned Businesses ‌ Gender ▶ Equal ‌ Employment Opportunity and Work-Family Balance Assistance ▶ ‌ Industrial Sites and Development Act Community support/ ▶ ‌ Enforcement Decree of the Industrial Sites and corporate social Development Act responsibility ▶ ‌ on Assistance to Electric Power Plants-Neighboring Act Areas ▶ ‌ Industrial Development Act ‌Act on the Promotion of Collaborative Cooperation Industrial growth ▶ between large enterprises and Small-Medium Enterprises ▶ ‌ Chambers of Commerce and Industry Act ▶ Framework Act on Small and Medium Enterprises ‌ SME ▶ ‌ Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperatives Act Industrial ▶ ‌ Industrial Sites and Development Act competitiveness ▶ ‌Industrial Cluster Development and Factory Zone development Establishment Act (regulations related to ▶ ‌Enforcement Decree of the Industrial Cluster developing SEZ, Export Development Act Processing Zones (EPZ), and ▶ Special ‌ Act on Designation and Management of Free Industrial parks) Economic Zones ▶ ‌Act on the Development and Management of Logistics Facilities 30 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 1: Developing a national approach for eco-industrial parks Category of List of regulations (Examples drawn from Korean Subject topics regulations regulations) ▶ Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act ‌ Act ‌ on the Special Accounts for Energy and resources- Financial Investment and subsidies ▶ related Projects ▶ ‌ Act on Special Accounts for Environmental Improvement ▶ Framework Act on Environmental Policy ‌ ▶ ‌ Water Environmental Conservation Act Climate change (mitigation ▶ Clean Air Conservation Act ‌ & adaptation); ▶ Environmental Technology and Industry Support Act ‌ Sustainability ‌ on the Promotion of the Conversion into Act Environmental ▶ Environmental Impact Environment-friendly Industrial Structure Assessment (EIA); and ▶ Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth ‌ Disaster Risk; Management ‌ Waste Control Act (DRM) ▶ ▶ Act on Promotion of Purchase of Green Products ‌ ▶ ‌ Environmental Health Act ▶ Energy Act ‌ ▶ ‌ Energy Use Rationalization Act Energy Energy & Resource Efficiency ▶ Act ‌ on the Promotion of Saving and Recycling of Resources ▶ ‌Framework Act on Resources Circulation ▶ ‌National Land Planning and Utilization Act Land use/zoning/ urban & Enforcement ‌ Decree of the National Land Planning and Land-use planning regional planning; ▶ Utilization Infrastructure development ▶ ‌ Road Act * English version of these regulations is available in the following website: https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/main.do 31 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox 32 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) template for eco-industrial park Tool 2.1.  program initiative ··············································· 34 Sample discussion points and survey questions for site visits to Tool 2.2.  industrial parks ················································· 38 Example of pre-feasibility assessments for specific resource efficiency Tool 2.3.  processes ······················································ 41 Gap analysis: Guidelines to assess gaps between the current practices Tool 2.4.  in industrial parks and the performance requirements set in the International EIP Framework ······································ 44 A data collection form for resource efficiency audit/assessment ········· 60 Tool 2.5.  Tool 2.6. Key steps to implement greenfield EIP projects · ····················· 62 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox  Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) template for Tool 2.1. ‌ eco-industrial park program initiative Memorandum of Understanding Between [National Government or the Institution leading the EIP program] And [The Partner Industrial Park] [Date] 34 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks This MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (“Memorandum”) represents a statement of intent by the [National government or the institution leading the EIP Program], [donor institution] (if any) and [partner industrial park] (each a “Party” and together, the “Parties”) with respect to their proposed future collaboration-for the achievement of common objectives as described and outlined below. WHEREAS: ‌ (a) Description of the mission/mandates of [the national government or the institution leading EIP Program]. (b) Description of the mission/mandates of [partner industrial park] (c) Description of the mission/mandates of [donor institution] (if any) NOW THEREFORE the Parties will continue their discussions within the following framework: A. Objective Consistent with their respective mandates, the Parties desire to collaborate in developing a national framework on Eco-Industrial Parks (“EIPs”) tailored for [name of the country] where required diagnostic study will be conducted in parallel by working with specific industrial parks in order to launch this framework. The framework will address areas that promote productivity, sustainability and competitiveness in the industrial parks through resource efficiency, green infrastructure, cleaner production, circularity (e.g. industrial symbiosis) and clean energy. The proposed EIP Program would help reconstitute the technical and institutional capacity of the industrial parks and strengthen the quality and standardization on eco-efficiency, collective infrastructure, industrial symbioses and water circularity. It will also help raise the awareness and increase the involvement of the firms operating in the parks in the development, adoption and implementation of the National EIP Framework that is associated with promoting the [name of the country]’s long-term competitiveness and sustainable development. B. Collaboration ‌ (a) The Parties anticipate that their collaboration will focus on a number of specific substantive areas which would include, but not be limited to: ‌ (i) analytical research to demonstrate the technical opportunities and the impact of EIP interventions within [name of the partner industrial park] (e.g. energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste reduction, industrial symbiosis, and green infrastructure). [Name of the partner industrial park] would act as a focal point for [the national government or the institution leading the EIP program] to exchange knowledge and gather firm- or park-level data associated with waste production, resource utilization, electricity and natural gas consumption as the baseline of the EIP technical diagnostic study. regulatory diagnostic to map out the potential barriers that stifle EIP interventions. The expectation would be that (ii) ‌ [the national government or the institution leading the EIP program] would act as the focal point for [the donor institution], and responsible to exchange knowledge on the current legislative regime relating to industrial parks and productivity. ‌ (iii) providing industrial park-specific data to be sourced from the [the national government or the institution leading the EIP program]’s database to allow [the donor institution] to leverage the data such as specific electricity consumption, natural gas utilization etc. ‌ (iv) technical support to [the national government or the institution leading the EIP program] and [name of the partner industrial park] from [the donor institution] to conform to the developed national EIP framework. This would enable the industrial parks to enhance their industrial sustainability and competitiveness in global trade. ‌ further achievement of their proposed common objective, the Parties would seek to collaborate in the following (b) To manner: share knowledge, expertise and international best practices through the dissemination of capacity-building (i) ‌ materials; 35 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox engage jointly in a dialogue with stakeholders and other interested parties in the activities being pursued under (ii) ‌ this Memorandum; collaborate in enhancing the quality of monitoring and evaluation approaches to address efficiency, effectiveness, (iii) ‌ and predictability of the EIP regime; collaborate on the promotion, preparation and organization of training programs, workshops, and peer to peer (iv) ‌ learning events to promote awareness and participate in the standards setting process; ‌ (v) collaborate on the organization and execution of joint research projects and knowledge and learning events on subjects of primary interest; ‌ (vi) plan joint activities in areas of common interests; and ‌ (vii) evaluate periodically the effectiveness of their collaborative work with reference to their respective mandates and priorities. ‌ (c) Each Party would contribute to the activities proposed to be undertaken pursuant to this Memorandum, in one or more of the following ways by: (i) mobilizing its own staff in pursuit of the objective of this Memorandum; (ii) engaging and funding its own consultants; (iii) providing facilities for joint workshops, conferences, or training seminars; and (iv) such other ways as each Party in its own discretion may determine. C. Contact This Memorandum provides a framework within which the Parties may develop and undertake collaborative activities. Each Party hereby designates and appoints below its representative with overall responsibility for implementing this Memorandum. The Parties may, by written notice to the other Parties, designate additional or different persons as points of contact, but the Parties expect to have only one person at a time designated as the person with overall responsibility for all activities undertaken pursuant to this Memorandum. For [National Government or For [Partner industrial park] For [Donor institution] (if any) the institution leading the EIP Program/Initiative] Name: Name: Name: Organization: Organization: Organization: Address: Address: Address: Tel: Tel: Tel: Fax: Fax: Fax: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: D. Steering Committee ‌ (a) The Parties would expect to establish a steering committee to guide discussions relating to the EIP program. Such steering committee would have representatives of each of the Parties. ‌ (b) The Parties would expect the steering committee to have regular meetings to discuss and oversee collaboration, any work plan, and progress of the activities. 36 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks E. General ‌ (a) This Memorandum does not constitute an agreement or commitment by any Party to enter into or provide support for any specific activity or project. It is not the Parties’ intention to create, and nothing herein shall be construed as creating, legal rights and obligations or any commitment whatsoever. Each Party shall have the discretionary right to terminate at any time any discussion whatsoever regarding the proposed objectives or this Memorandum. Specific arrangements for individual activities will be set forth in a document or work plans to be jointly formulated and agreed by the Parties, according to their policies and procedures. ‌ (b) Nothing in this Memorandum is intended to be, or should be construed as a waiver of the privileges, immunities and exemptions of the Parties or their officers and employees, which privileges, immunities and exemptions are hereby specifically reserved. ‌ (c) Any sharing of confidential information between the Parties will be subject to their respective policies and procedures relating to the disclosure of information. ‌ (d) The Parties expect that this Memorandum and information with respect to the collaborative activities contemplated herein will be publicly disclosed by the signatory Parties. The Parties expect to consult with each other concerning the manner and form of any acknowledgement by a Party of any other Party’s support regarding the activities. In witness whereof, the Parties have caused this Memorandum to be executed as of the day and date written above. For [National Government, [Partner Industrial Park] [Donor institution] (if any) the institution leading the EIP program/Initiative] NAME: NAME: NAME: TITLE: TITLE: TITLE: SIGNATURE: SIGNATURE: SIGNATURE: 37 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox  Sample discussion points and survey questions for Tool 2.2. ‌ site visits to industrial parks These sample discussion points and questions can be used in implementing Step 2. Diagnostics of Section 1, as well as Step 1.1 Conduct Preliminary assessment of Section 2 of the Handbook. 1. Initiating discussion ‌ (a) Availability and quality of data; any problems encountered during the initial data collection; and effective ways to collect more detailed data during technical diagnostics. ‌ (b) Current economic and financial issues encountered at the industrial park, sector, and/or firm levels; and issues that affect technical applications and investments to promote green infrastructure, resource efficiency and industrial symbiosis network in the park. ‌ (c) Major environmental concerns at the industrial park, sector, and/or firm level; and existing measures to deal with those environmental issues, including both conventional and emerging approaches to improve environmental sustainability of the industrial production processes. ‌ (d) Current status of the existing social and green infrastructures within the park, as well as problems that the park operators experienced regarding the installation and management of these collective infrastructures; information about the existing or planned activities to develop and improve the social or green infrastructures within the park; and key barriers to and/or drivers for the investments in these infrastructures. 2. Institutional capacity of the industrial park management unit The number and qualifications of the employees working in the industrial park management unit or relevant (a) ‌ directorate. ‌ (b) Information about the organizational structure. List of major services that the management unit offers to the resident firms. (c) ‌ ‌ (d) Information about energy and environmental management units. ● Human resources ●  aboratory analyses of the relevant infrastructures and equipment L ● List of services offered regarding energy and environmental management of the park ● ‌  lanned and/or on-going activities and investments to improve the quality of energy and environmental P management services 3. Existing industrial park practices for data management and performance monitoring List of economic, environmental and social data collected on a regular basis, as well as methods used for collecting (a) ‌ these data. ●  conomic data: E ● Environmental data: ● Social data: 38 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks ‌ (b) Existing tools and approaches used in the calculation and monitoring of economic, environmental, and social performance of the park operation, if there are any. 4. Existing policy framework regarding industrial park development and management ‌ (a) Current industrial park development and management framework that could potentially affect EIP development. The drivers of or barriers to the current institutional setting. ‌ (b) Major stakeholders and their roles in industrial park development and management from the perspective of EIP development. ‌ (c) Regulatory issues or problems that industrial park operators may encounter in mainstreaming EIP approaches, as well as solutions to address these problems. Major financial issues and gaps for EIP development; alternative financial mechanisms and instruments that would (d) ‌ enable EIP development. 5. Previous or ongoing projects or programs related to EIP development Current situations regarding resource and energy efficiency applications within resident firms. (a) ‌ Information about the renewable energy investments undertaken by resident firms; list of active clusters within the (b) ‌ park, sectors and key activities carried out under these investments. Information on existing industrial symbiosis relations between resident firms. (c) ‌ ●  aste and by-product synergies: W ●  nergy exchange: E ● Joint supply chain management: ● Shared logistics/transport: ● Technology/facility sharing: ● Other: 6. Social services offered by the industrial park management to the resident firms ‌ (a) The cooperative education/training opportunities or activities offered to the resident firms; the level of resident firms’ interests in skills development/training opportunities or activities. ‌ b) List of volunteer and community support programs offered by industrial park to the resident firms. ‌ c) Information about the interaction of the industrial park with the local communities/cities nearby. ‌ d) List of any other social services park operators offer to its resident firms. 7. Further discussions and questions used for identifying resource-intensive sectors (if needed) How does the park operator define resource-intensive sectors/firms (total resource consumption, or consumption per a) ‌ value added etc.) within the park? ‌ b) Which of the following criteria are more relevant in terms of identifying sectors and resident firms in the selected industrial park? Please rate on a scale from 1 to 12 (1 being least important, 12 being more important). 39 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Criteria for identifying resource-intensive sectors Criteria Scale (1-12) Economic performance (value added, contribution to the national economy, employment, export generation etc.)? Energy intensity Raw material intensity Water intensity Waste (solid, hazardous etc.) generation Air emission generation Total number of firms represented in that sector in the selected industrial park Replicability of the resource efficiency measures in other sectors/firms in the industrial park Applicability of eco-efficiency measures (suitability of the processes etc.) Institutional capacity (human resources, previous projects, management vision etc.) Commitment for their cooperation throughout the project Availability of data for technical analyses Which sectors and resident firms within the selected industrial park are important in following areas? c) ‌ ● Economic performance (value added, contribution to national economy, employment, export level etc.): ●  nergy intensity: ‌ E ● Raw material intensity: ● Water intensity and wastewater generation: ● Waste (solid, hazardous etc.) generation: ● Air pollutants and GHG emissions: ‌ d) Which sectors and resident firms within the selected industrial park are suitable for resource efficiency applications, considering the following? ● Applicability of eco-efficiency measures (suitability of the processes etc.) ● Institutional capacity (human resources, previous projects, management vision etc.) ● Availability of data for technical analyses 40 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks E ‌ xample of pre-feasibility assessments for specific Tool 2.3.  resource efficiency processes This example focused on identifying potentials for improving the environmental performance of selected industrial parks by implementing the EIP frameworks. It can be used in implementing Step 1.2 Conduct pre-feasibility assessment and secure commitment of stakeholders under Section 2 of the Handbook. Firm-level resource efficiency (e.g. energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste minimization) audits or pre-feasibility assessments are undertaken in the selected firms (e.g. firms selected in the resource intensive sectors). Since resource efficiency approaches require cooperation among and full-commitment from the resident firms, voluntary participation of the firms is preferable. The firms who are willing to participate in the pre-feasibility assessments may submit their application forms to the park operator or its EIP management team. Firms may be selected using the criteria listed below (the selection criteria need be modified and enriched based on the type of industrial park and the industry sectors that are operating within the park): ● ‌  Economic performance (e.g. value added, contribution to national economy, employment, export level) of the firms ● Energy intensity of the firms ● Raw material intensity of the firms ● ‌  Water intensity of the firms ● ‌  Waste generation (e.g. solid and hazardous waste) ● ‌  Emission of air pollutants and GHGs ● Total number of firms represented in the selected sector within the selected industrial park ● ‌  The replicability of resource efficiency measures in other sectors and/or firms within the selected industrial park ● ‌  Technological applicability of resource efficiency measures ● ‌  Overall management capacity of the firm to implement resource efficiency measures (e.g. human resources, previous projects or efforts to introduce resource efficiency measures, management vision to improve resource efficiency) ● Commitment to cooperate throughout the project ● ‌  Availability of data to initiate technical diagnostics Firm-level EIP opportunities include solutions to increase resource efficiency including energy/water efficiency, pollution prevention and waste minimization. A practical assessment that analyzes material, energy, water and waste flows entering and leaving a process is the critical first step to increase resource efficiency. A holistic step-wise resource efficiency assessment must be conducted in order to: ● understand the common problems experienced by firms in terms of resource efficiency losses; ● ‌  identify opportunities for increased resource efficiency (e.g. improving water and energy efficiency, reducing operational costs, and reducing operational costs); and ● ‌  identify opportunities for pollution prevention and GHG emissions reduction at source (e.g. minimizing the use of hazardous raw materials and reducing risks to human health) The findings from this analysis can be implemented based on specific equipment and operational procedures that will have the greatest impact in terms of resource savings. The firm-level resource efficiency audits/assessments can be conducted following steps below: ● Step 1. Scoping the assessment and establishing a technical assessment team ● ‌  Step 2. Technical surveys and data gathering ● ‌  Step 3. Data analysis and the evaluation of environmental performance ● ‌  Step 4. Opportunity assessment 41 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox  Scoping the assessment and establishing a technical assessment team Step 1: ‌ Scoping the assessment is one of the most critical steps for successful resource efficiency assessment study. It starts with obtaining the commitment and involvement of top management of the firm and establishing a team for conducting technical diagnostic work. The park operator can create or convene a team involving technical experts and officials from the selected firms to prepare a plan for conducting technical surveys, assign duties to team members, and conduct technical surveys.4 A data collection form can be filled by the officials from selected firms, which will help the assessment team prepare and scope the technical surveys (see Tool 2.6 for the example of data collection form for resource efficiency assessments). Step 2: Technical surveys and data gathering A technical survey is one of the most effective techniques for getting the first-hand information on production processes that are particularly resource-intensive and polluting. The survey is also very useful for identifying ways to enhance environmental performance in each firm while reducing the manufacturing cost. It is often conducted in collaboration with selected firms. An initial technical survey is carried out together with staffs at the resident firms and takes about a half-day or full day to complete. The process flow diagrams of the selected resident firms are developed based on collected information on the inputs and outputs of major production processes.5 Monthly resource consumption, waste/emission generation data and associated expenditures are compiled from different sources provided by the staffs of the resident firms. For this purpose, information sources like process-based record sheets as well as water/energy/chemical bills are analyzed. Moreover, informative catalogs of equipment and material safety data sheets (MSDS)6 of chemicals (provided by the suppliers of products/chemicals) are also used for collecting relevant data. While conducting the technical surveys, the team should also record housekeeping lapses such as leaks of steam or water, leaks from processes or the condensate of the steam system, fuel oil leaks, compressed air leaks or any obvious wastage going into the drain. These housekeeping lapses must be recorded together with existing documentation on the process control. Observations are outlined in the form of a table or eco-map7 and sankey-diagrams8 of major utilities. The evaluation of the management and organizational practice within a firm (e.g. the quality of process documentation or legal compliance) needs to be also included in the resource efficiency assessment. Technical surveys should consider the fact that each firm has different procedures and methods for monitoring and managing their resources/wastes, and collecting data. For example, some of the firms may record process-based water consumption while others do not. Some may monitor resource consumption while others do not address this issue. All inputs and outputs (including wastes) regarding the flow of resources, materials or energy must be quantified, characterized and recorded. The measurements or estimates of quantities can be done on-site if relevant data is not readily available. 4 This team can eventually turn into an EIP management team as described in Step 2 of Section 2 5 ‌ rocess flow diagram rules and standards include the following: P ISO 10628: Flow Diagrams for Process Plants. https://www.iso.org/standard/18721.html ISO 10628-1: 2014: Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry. https://www.iso.org/standard/51840.html 6 A material safety data sheet (MSDS) is a technical document which provides detailed and comprehensive information on a controlled product/ ‌‌ chemical related to: (i) health effects of exposure to the product (ii) hazard evaluation related to the product’s handling, storage or use (iii) measure to protect workers at risk of exposure and (iv) emergency procedures. MSDSs are generally provided by the suppliers of products/chemicals along with the informative catalogs. 7 Eco-map is a map of the facility, seen from above, including infrastructures, equipment, and major production units. Eco-mapping is a useful tool ‌‌ for the survey team to use, especially for capturing the observations made during the technical surveys. It is a simple and practical tool to represent visually issues of concern as well as note some of the good practices in terms of resource efficiency. 8 Sankey diagrams summarize all the energy/material transfers taking place in a process. They are a specific type of a flow diagram, in which the width ‌‌ of the arrows is shown proportionally to the flow quantity. They are typically used to visualize energy or material transfers between processes. 42 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks Step 3: Data analysis and the evaluation of environmental performance Then, data analysis and the assessment of environmental performance should be carried out following the performance indicators set in the International EIP Framework. According to the ISO, environmental performance evaluation is “a process to facilitate management decisions regarding an organization’s environmental performance by selecting indicators, collecting and analyzing data and assessing information against environmental performance criteria.”9 Methodologies to evaluate various categories of environmental performance are being developed and widely used in various sectors to identify the processes/practices that need to be improved by manufacturing enterprises.10 In general, the assessment can be conducted using the data collected during the site visits and technical surveys as well as through regular communication with the firm officials via e-mails and telephone/conference calls. In case the national EIP framework is in place, practitioners should help the park operator or its EIP management team assess the current environmental performance using the environmental performance indicators set in the national EIP framework as a benchmark/reference (see Tool 1.4 on how to set up the target values of environmental performance indicators). The collected data are processed and analyzed to calculate the level of current environmental performance of the firms, which are expressed in numeric terms. This assessment allows practitioners identify gaps between the current level of environmental performance and the target values set in the environmental categories of the International or national EIP framework (see Tool 2.4 for details). Then, practitioners can list potential technical solutions that firms can implement to reduce the negative environmental impact and high production cost associated with their production processes and practices. Step 4: Opportunity assessment Practitioners can conduct opportunity assessment to help find possible and applicable resource efficiency solutions among the list of identified options. Opportunities to improve resource efficiency at the firm level can be identified by using the assessment criteria suggested below: ● Environmental benefits ● Economic viability ● Adaptability/applicability of the technology to employed processes ● Quality requirements ● Occupation, health and safety requirements ● Long-term sustainability ● ‌  Operational and maintenance requirements ● Examples of successful applications ● Level of technology (or scale of innovation) ● Complexity of the application ● Cross-media (secondary) effects ● Other The criteria may be chosen based on the needs and expectations of the firm. An initial evaluation of all identified opportunities will generate a short-list of resource efficiency opportunities. 9 ‌ Dias-Sardinha, I., & Reijnders, L. (2001). Environmental performance evaluation and sustainability performance evaluation of organizations: an evolutionary framework. Eco-Management and Auditing, 8(2), 71–79. 10 ‌ Jiang, Z., Zhang, H., & Sutherland, J. W. (2012). Development of an environmental performance assessment method for manufacturing process plans. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 43 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox  Gap analysis: Guidelines to assess gaps between Tool 2.4. ‌ the current practices in industrial parks and the performance requirements set in the International EIP Framework This tool can be used in implementing Step 2 of Section 1, as well as Step 1.2, 1.3 and Step 3 of Section 2 of the Handbook. Assessing gaps between the prerequisite requirements and the current status of industrial parks If park operators are evaluating to be part of a national EIP framework, the prerequisites must be matched as a mandatory condition to be assessed and certified by EIP coordinating or regulatory agencies (Step 3.2 Establish governance structures and coordinating agencies in Section 1). In case the national EIP framework is absent, action plans must include all the necessary interventions to meet the prerequisites described in the International EIP Framework (see Step 1.3 Develop a Park-level Action Plan). In this case, the verification of the prerequisites will be conducted by the internal audit committee (Step 3. Performance audits of Section 2). The internal audit committee should check whether the park operator and its performance requirements of the International EIP Framework have been met by the park operator that has integrated EIP management functions. It has to collect the relevant data from the EIP management team/department, compare them with the checklist of prerequisites per each issue area (park management, environmental, social and economic) described in the International EIP Framework (see Tool 2.4 Table 1) and verify the accomplishment of each single required item. Each prerequisite associated with each different area of the International EIP Framework needs to be verified. Practitioners would need to implement corrective actions in case they find any gaps between the current practices and the requirements set in the International EIP Framework. The following table shows steps practitioners need to take in order to conduct the diagnostic of the prerequisites. 44 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks 45 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox  Table 1. Park-level Gap Analysis and Corrective Actions to Meet EIP Tool 2.4: ‌ Performance Prerequisites11 Topic Sub-topic Gap Analysis Does a distinctive park management entity, park operator or alternative agency exist to Park management entity ▶ ‌ handle park planning, operations and management, and monitoring? Park management Park property, common ▶ Does the park management entity manage and maintain the industrial park property, ‌ services infrastructure and common infrastructure, and services as prescribed in the tenant contract and the park's services Master Plan? ▶ Does the park management entity maintain a monitoring system that can be used in ‌ tracking the progress on environmental, social and economic performance at the park level? ▶ Does the park management entity examine disaster risks (e.g. flooding, earthquakes, ‌ droughts/extreme water shortage)? Monitoring EIP ▶ Does the park operator examine critical risk/hazard factors and plan related responses ‌ performance and critical for handling hazardous materials, liquid and gaseous effluents, including transportation Monitoring risk management and disposal of those substances? and risk Park management management ▶ Does the park management entity have a risk management plan in place to deal with ‌ the adverse impacts of climate change and extreme weather events (e.g. heat waves, droughts, storms, flashflood)? Are the adaptation opportunities for infrastructure and services identified? Information on ▶ Does the park management entity have a functioning system that enables park to ‌ applicable regulations comply with local and national regulations, and international standards applicable to and standards the industrial park? ▶ Has a Master Plan (or a planning document that is equivalent to the Master Plan) been ‌ developed for industrial parks? ▶ Is‌ it reviewed regularly? ▶ And, ‌ does the Master Plan include the following: ▷ Site ‌ selection study based on various risk analyses including seismic risk assessment; ▷ Essential and efficient infrastructure, utilities and transportation network; Planning and ‌ Master Plan ▷ Environmental and social impact assessment; zoning ‌ ▷ Internal ‌ park land zoning; ▷ Buffer ‌ zone around the park; ▷ Procedure ‌ to safely locate high risk industries; ▷ Plans ‌ to locate and cluster synergistic industries. ▶ Does ‌ the Master Plan integrate elements elaborated in the International EIP Performance requirements? 11 See also Table 12: Park-level action Plan Template to Meet EIP Performance Prerequisites in the Handbook. ‌ 46 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks Checklist List of corrective actions if prerequisites are not met (If the answers are no): Y/N ▶ See Step 2.2 of Section 2 in the Handbook. ‌ ▶ Identify the reasons for the lack of service. This information will be helpful in terms of identifying the needs for reorganizing ‌ the park operating body or additional skills and services required to effectively operationalize the EIP framework. Y/N ▶ ‌Increase  the quality of service. ▶ ‌Review  the level of service fees to see if they are insufficient to sustain the park management businesses. Y/N ▶ See Step 3 of Section 2 in the Handbook. ‌ ▶ Conduct disaster risk assessment of the parks and include its findings in a monitoring system ‌ Useful resources for park operators: Y/N ▶ ‌ ▷ ‌SIA Toolbox – Climate Change: https://www.sia-toolbox.net/phase-of-intervention/details/295 ▷ ‌https://www.climate-expert.org/en/home/(GIZ) ▶ Make a critical risk/hazardous factor assessment and include the findings in a monitoring system ‌ ▷ ‌Industrial disaster risk management and hazard assessment tools and best practices are available: http://www.hrdp- Y/N idrm.in/e5783/e17327 ▷ ‌https://www.global-chemicals-waste-platform.net/home.html ▶ Assess climate risks faced by industrial parks and develop a risk management plan to deal with the effects of climate ‌ change. Useful resources: Y/N ▷ ‌SIA Toolbox – Climate Change: https://www.sia-toolbox.net/phase-of-intervention/details/295 ▷ ‌https://www.climate-expert.org/en/home/(GIZ) ▷ ‌Guideline for adaptation and increasing resilience of industrial parks to the impacts of climate change https://www. sia-toolbox.net/solution/guideline-adaptation-and-increasing-resilience-industrial-parks-impacts-climate-change (GIZ) Establish a functioning system to ensure that parks and resident firms comply with local norms and regulation, referring Y/N ▶ ‌ to Step 3 of Section 2. ▶ Involve key stakeholders and agree on a Master plan focusing on the main topics highlighted in the gap analysis. The ‌ Master plan can be revised annually or biannually. Y/N ▷ ‌Useful resources: SIA Toolbox – Master Planning: https://www.sia-toolbox.net/phase-of-intervention/details/299 ▶ ‌Assess  the International EIP Framework to integrate its elements into developing the Master plan. 47 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Topic Sub-topic Gap Analysis Management Environmental/Energy ▶ Does the park management entity operate an environmental/energy management ‌ and Management Systems system in line with internationally certified standards (e.g. ISO 14001, ISO 50001), monitoring (EMS and EnMS) monitoring park performance and supporting resident firms? Are the industrial heat recovery strategies in place to identify opportunities for heat and Exchange of waste heat ▶ ‌ energy recovery for the major energy-consuming firms in the park? (typically, those that energy Energy consume at least 10-20 percent of total energy consumed at the park) Environmental Do the energy efficiency measures exist for the park management infrastructure and Energy efficiency ▶ ‌ major energy consuming resident firms? Do parks and resident firms have plans and documented evidence to increase water Water efficiency, reuse ▶ ‌ Water reuse in the short and medium term? The plans could be related to reuse of industrial and recycling effluents and rainwater/storm water collection. ▶ Is a program established to monitor, mitigate and/or minimize GHG emissions, such as ‌ carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, and so on? Air, GHG emissions and Climate pollution prevention Is there clear evidence of steps taken into introduce mitigation activities at the park change and ▶ ‌ level? the natural environment Environmental ▶ Does the park operator/park management entity have a plan in place to assess ‌ assessment and operational environmental impacts and aims to reduce the environmental impact on ecosystem services prioritized local ecosystem services? Social Does the park operator/park management entity have dedicated personnel to plan and management Management team ▶ ‌ manage social quality standards? systems Social Social Primary social Is social infrastructure included in the site master plan and fully operational? infrastructure infrastructure ▶ ‌ Does the park/operator park management entity have plans to generate specific Employment ▶ ‌ Type of employment number and type of jobs in line with the national government targets? generation ▶ Do ‌ industrial parks generate employment opportunities for local communities? Local business Does the park operator/park management entity promote the establishment of SMEs Economic and SME SME development ▶ ‌ that add value to the resident firms in the industrial parks? promotion ▶ Does the industrial park fulfil the relevant government targets, including domestic, FDI ‌ and tax revenues? Market demand for Economic Does the park management entity track the economic performance of the industrial EIP services and ▶ ‌ value creation parks? infrastructure ▶ Are ‌ market demand and feasibility studies developed for green infrastructure and service offerings? 48 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks Checklist List of corrective actions if prerequisites are not met (If the answers are no): ▶ Proceed with the implementation of suggested EMS/EnMS such as: ‌ ▷ ‌ISO 14001: https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc207sc1/home/projects/published/iso-14001---environmental-manage. html ▷ ‌ISO 50001: https://www.iso.org/standard/51297.html Y/N ▷ ‌IFC. 2015. Environmental and Social Management System Toolkit https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/38089d80483 77ccb9384f7299ede9589/ESMS_Toolkit_General.pdf?MOD=AJPERES ▷ ‌UNIDO. 2017. Enhancing Industrial Energy Efficiency and Energy Management Systems (2017) https://www.unido.org/ sites/default/files/files/2017-12/P3_1_KN_UNIDO_Emtairah_Matteini.pdf ▶ Assess (via survey) the consumptions of fuel from the major energy consumers in the park, identify potential ‌ Y/N interventions and define strategies for effective communication and implementation of the action plan. ▶ ‌Survey  forms available in the Tool 2.2 can be used. Assess (via survey) and define energy efficiency measures. Y/N ▶ ‌ ▶ Collect best practices and identify strategies for implementing the energy efficiency measures (list of action/schedule). ‌ Assess (via survey) water consumptions and water reuse methodologies applied in the park. Y/N ▶ ‌ ▶ Identify best practices and include them into an implementation plan (action/schedule). ‌ Y/N ▶ Assess (via survey) the monitoring systems and methodologies adopted in the park for the emission control, including its ‌ plans to mitigate main pollutants and GHGs. If there is no relevant measure or plan adopted at the park level, establish a program using internationally available guideline such as ISO14064/WBCSD Corporate GHG Accounting protocol. Y/N ▶ ‌Structure  an intervention plan that includes detailed action/schedule for the implementation of the mitigation strategies. Y/N ▶ Identify operational environmental impacts and prepare a plan to assess them. ‌ Assess via survey if firms in the park have departments for planning and managing social quality standard and identify Y/N ▶ ‌ the form of collaboration to apply their best practices. Select and appoint qualified resources to manage these activities. ▶ Identify social infrastructures and include in the site master plan interventions to make them fully operative. Useful ‌ Y/N resources: ▷ ‌SIA Toolbox: https://www.sia-toolbox.net/solution/planning-and-design-aleap-green-industrial-park-grip ▶ Assess (via survey) hiring plans from firms in the park and compare the data with national targets. - Include in the ‌ analysis the impact of resource efficiency measurements on job creation as they require new skills and expertise. ‌Assess (via survey) historical employment data from the firms in the park to evaluate main impacts of the selected Y/N ▶  industrial parks on local community measured in terms of job creation. ▶ ‌Monitor  these data to inform firms in including proximity factors in the selection criteria to stimulate the hiring of personnel from local communities. Assess tenant composition and identify the percentage of SMEs operating in the park. If possible, include park-level Y/N ▶ ‌ solutions for SMEs that can help create synergies with other firms in the park. ▶ Assess main financial indicators for the park and monitor them. ‌ ▶ Implement feasibility studies and implement new services related to green infrastructures. ‌ ▶ ‌Market  demand and feasibility for green infrastructure/service offerings can be assessed as follows: Y/N ▷ ‌Market Demand: Conduct survey to understand the needs of the firms related to green infrastructures (what they expect) ▷ ‌Feasibility assessment: Based on the findings from the survey, identify costs/benefits associated with the potential services that the park could offer to the firms and evaluate the ROI for the park associated with each initiative. 49 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Assessing gaps between the performance requirements and the current status of industrial parks Parks operating under the national EIP frameworks and those operating in the absence of the national frameworks need to take different approaches for performance gap analysis. Parks operating under a national EIP framework already have target values set for the performance indicators have been set by adapting target values to the local norms and industry benchmark (see Step 3 of Section 1 in the Handbook). EIP management teams need to assess periodically the performance of EIP programs and measures implemented within the parks. They also need to inform the EIP coordinating agency – the agency established following Step 3.2 of Section 1 in the Handbook – that the park has achieved target values of all the performance indicators set in the national EIP framework (park management, environment, social, and economic performance indicators). Parks operating without the national EIP framework should derive the target values of the EIP performance indicators from the International EIP Framework. In this case, the assessment of the diagnostic activities needs be performed by the internal audit committee (see Step 3 of Section 2 in the Handbook). Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to track progress toward EIP performance targets at the park level are as important as the ones established at the national level. The monitoring and evaluation that is carried out at the park level in a transparent and accountable manner will enable practitioners check whether the park has potential to be selected as a pilot case under the national EIP program. The park operator should in turn provide performance indicators at the park level, which would also demonstrate their progress toward meeting the prerequisite indicators set at the national level. After having met the prerequisite criteria established in the national EIP framework (if the national EIP framework is in place), an EIP can go further to be ‘compliance plus’ or even beyond EIP performance requirements. To sustain its EIP path, the park operator should first develop an EIP program with a realistic set of targets. The internal auditing committee established within the park operating body or the EIP management team is tasked with tracking the prerequisites status, monitoring EIP performance indicators and identifying any remaining gaps during the implementation of the EIP program. Once again, availability, applicability and limitation of data should be taken into consideration when park-level indicators are developed. This will help ensure that the performance of resident firms and other relevant stakeholders is monitored, managed and communicated effectively. It is also recommended that practitioners help develop EIP performance indicators based on the International EIP Framework and adapt them to the local norms and industry benchmarks. In the following table, we provide the list of EIP performance indicators with a practical guideline and information on what practitioners can do at the park level to accomplish the target values set for the national EIP performance indicators. 50 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks 51 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Tool 2.4: Table 2. How to Meet EIP Performance Indicators at the Park Level Topic Sub-topic Indicator Proportion of firms in the industrial park to have signed a residency contract/park charter/code of conduct12 (depending on what is legally binding on park firms according Park management to the existing legislation in the country' and additional legally binding arrangements empowerment that empower the park management entity to perform its responsibilities and tasks and Park charge fees (sometimes absorbed in rental fees) for common services. This may include management transparent fees for services pertaining to the achievement of EIP performance targets. services Park management Park management entity The resident firms indicate satisfaction with regard to the provision of services and property and common common infrastructure by the park management’s entity (or alternative agency, where infrastructure applicable). Park management entity regularly monitors and prepares consolidated reports regarding the achievement of target values as documented in the International EIP Framework to Monitoring encompass the following: EIP performance and and risk ▶ Environmental performance; critical risk management ‌ management ▶ Social ‌ performance; ▶ Economic ‌ performance; ▶ Critical ‌ risk management at the level of the park. Management Environmental/ Proportion of resident firms, with more than 250 employees, which have an and energy management environmental/energy management system in place that is in line with internationally monitoring systems (EMS, EnMS) certified standards. Proportion of combined park facilities and firm-level energy consumption, for which Energy consumption metering and monitoring systems are in place. Environmental Total renewable energy use in the industrial park is equal to or greater than the annual national average energy mix. Energy Renewable and clean energy Park management entity sets and works toward ambitious (beyond industry norms) maximum carbon intensity targets (maximum kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e)/kilowatt hour (kWh)) for the park and its residents. Targets should be established for the short, medium, and long term. 12 In most developing countries, a park’s charter or code of conduct may not be a legally binding instrument. Therefore, it would not provide the park operator with the necessary powers. ‌ 52 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks Unit Implementation Perform an analysis of residents' membership contracts. Check data compared to the total number of Percentage of firms ▶ ‌ firms in the park. Examine the result with target value. Fix anomalies by settling the contracts not yet (%) formalized. ▶ Perform surveys to assess resident firms' satisfaction with common infrastructure and services provided by the ‌ Percentage of firms park operator. Identify actions to address the issues with the provision of services and fix/replace/improve existing (%) infrastructures if they cause inefficiencies to resident firms. After the implementation of the actions for improvement, conduct follow-up surveys to monitor whether the resident firms' satisfaction level has increased. ▶ Set up a reporting management system in line with EIP performance indicators (see Step 3 and Step ‌ 4 of Section 2 in the Handbook). In case performance monitoring reports are not frequently released, Frequency of reports additional actions may be required to improve the effectiveness of data collection, processing and analysis. ▶ Run a survey to examine whether resident firms with more than 250 employees have EMS in place in line ‌ Percentage of firms with international standards. In case the requirement is not met, the park operator can arrange meetings (%) or workshops with large firms (with more than 250 employees) operating in the park to inform them about the importance of investing in a EMS/EnMS. Run a survey to assess installed metering systems. Based on the results, the park operator can help the Percentage of combined ▶ ‌ resident firms adopt metering and monitoring systems to track the level of their energy consumption park and firm level energy within the park and identify potential inefficiency in the provision of the services. The result of the consumption monitoring can be used as a powerful tool to negotiate with local utilities on various ways to improve the (%) efficiency of energy consumption of the park. ▶ Assess the total renewable energy capacity installed and consumed in the park and compare it to national ‌ average (data should be available at the national level or from international organizations). In case the Percentage of renewable percentage is lower than national average, the park operator can increase the percentage of renewable energy use in park relative energy use within the park by purchasing the power from green utility or investing in green infrastructures. to national average Internationally available sources include: (%) ▶ ‌ ▷ Regulatory ‌ Indicators for Sustainable Energy (RISE) http://rise.esmap.org/ ▷ International ‌ Energy Agency (IEA) https://www.iea.org/ ▶ In case the target is not met, the park operator can develop and implement various efforts to decarbonize park ‌ operation. For example, it can replace fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy for operating collective infrastructures within the park, increase the percentage of electricity purchased from utilities using renewable source of energy, and so on. Kg CO2e/kWh ▶ Use ‌ standard tools to calculate carbon intensity indicators associated with industrial park’s activities: see Carbon Emission Estimator Tool (CEET) developed by IFC for the industry sector: https://www.ifc. org/wps/wcm/connect/461d74804d1dc46892e7d7f81ee631cc/CEET+Tool+Quick+Start+Guide+10102012. docx?MOD=AJPERES 53 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Topic Sub-topic Indicator Park management entity sets and works toward ambitious maximum energy intensity Energy Energy Efficiency targets per production unit (kWh/$ turnover) for the park and its residents. Targets should be established for the short, medium, and long term. Total water demand from firms in industrial park which do not have significant negative Water consumption impacts on local water sources or local communities. Proportion of industrial wastewater generated by industrial park and resident firms, which Water Water treatment is treated to appropriate environmental standards. Water efficiency, reuse Proportion of total industrial wastewater from firms in the park are reused responsibly and recycling within or outside the industrial park. Waste/by-product re-use Proportion of solid waste generated by firms, which is reused by other firms, neighboring and recycling communities, or municipalities. Environmental Waste and Dangerous and toxic Proportion of firms in park, which appropriately handle, store, transport and dispose of material use materials toxic and hazardous materials. Maximum proportion of wastes generated by firms in the industrial park which go to Waste disposal landfills. Flora and fauna Minimum proportion of open space in the park used for native flora and fauna. Proportion of firms in park which have pollution prevention and emission reduction Climate strategies to reduce the intensity and mass flow of pollution/emission release beyond change and national regulations. the natural environment Air, GHG emissions and pollution prevention Proportion of largest polluters in industrial park which have a risk management framework in place that: (a) identifies the aspects which have an impact on the environment and; (b) assign a level of significance to each environmental aspect. 54 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks Unit Implementation ▶ Use standard tools to calculate carbon intensity indicators associated with industrial park’s activities. ‌ In case the target is not met, the park operator can provide further support for the resident firms, by kWh/$ turnover arranging workshops that highlight the need for investing in energy efficiency measures and industrial symbiosis interventions. ▶ Assess (via survey) the amount of water consumed at the park. ‌ In case the target is not met, identify the list of resident firms that consume large amount of water from local sources Percentage of water demand ▶ ‌ shared with local communities. The park operator can also design and implement water efficiency and industrial symbiosis initiatives to reduce the impacts of resident firms' extensive water usage on local communities. ▶ Request the local waste water treatment plants to share data on the amount of industrial wastewater ‌ Percentage of waste water treated. In case target is not met, identify waste water effluents that are not treated and implement treated/total waste water interventions (e.g. upgrading or retrofitting the existing treatment plants) to increase the capacity of waste water treatment plants within the park. ▶ Assess (via survey) the reuse of water in the firms of the park. In case these data are not available, assume ‌ Percentage of water reused/ the quantity of water reuse to be equivalent to the total treated waste water. In case the target is not met, total water consumed park operator can implement industrial symbiosis interventions to increase the usage or reuse of treated waste water. Assess (via survey) total recycling capacity in the firms of the park. Data should be provided also by the Percentage of solid waste ▶ ‌ local municipality or waste management facility operator. If the target is not met, the park operator can reused/total waste identify industrial symbiosis interventions to increase the usage of waste and by-product. ▶ Data should be provided by or available from resident firms in the park and also by the local municipality ‌ or waste management operator. If not, run a survey to obtain relevant data. Percentage of firms ▶ ‌ the target is not met, identify potential intervention areas including the opportunities for industrial symbiosis, for If increasing services (in-house or out-sourced) related to toxic and hazardous waste management. Data should be provided by or available from local municipality or waste management facility operator. Percentage of waste to ▶ ‌ If the target is not met, design and implement interventions to increase waste reuse and by-product landfill ▶ ‌ exchange, which can also promote the implementation of industrial symbiosis strategies within the park. ▶ Check the site plans, design, and current layout of the park. ‌ In case the target is not met, park operator can increase the green space within the park by planting trees or installing Percentage of open space ▶ ‌ green stormwater infrastructure. It can also require firms to increase the amount of local flora and fauna spaces within their buildings or facilities. Percentage of firms in Run a survey to estimate the percentage of the resident firms with pollution prevention and emission park that have pollution ▶ ‌ reduction strategies. In case the target is not met, the park operator can work with local environmental prevention and emission agencies, universities and tenant firms to identify strategies to reduce emissions beyond national levels. reduction strategies ▶ Run a survey to identify large emitters in terms of the level of their CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs, HFCs, SOx, and ‌ NOx emissions. The survey should include following questions: whether these emitters have monitoring systems in place; whether they have monitored emissions (flow rate, pollutants and GHGs); and whether Percentage of largest they have any emission reduction strategies in place. emitters ▶ If ‌ the target is not met, park operators can for instance establish a knowledge-sharing platform targeting large emitters to raise their awareness regarding various environmental risk management strategies and the need to implement these strategies. 55 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Topic Sub-topic Indicator OH&S management Percentage of all firms in the industrial park with more than 250 employees that have a system well-functioning OH&S management system in place. Percentage of grievances received by the park management entity which are addressed within 90 days. Social Percentage of grievances received by the park management entity, which were brought to Grievance management management conclusion. systems Percentage of all firms in the industrial park with more than 250 employees that have a code of conduct system in place to deal with grievances. Percentage of all firms in the industrial park with more than 250 employees that have a Harassment response harassment prevention and response system in place. Primary social Percentage of the surveyed employees’ reporting satisfaction with social infrastructure. infrastructure Social Percentage of reported security and safety issues that are adequately addressed within 30 Industrial park security days. Social infrastructure Percentage of all firms in the industrial park with more than 250 employees with a program for skills/vocational training and development. Capacity building Percentage of female workforce who benefit from available supporting infrastructure/ programs for skills development. Percentage of the surveyed community members that are satisfied with the community Community dialogue Local dialogue. community outreach Number of outreach activities implemented by the park management entity annually that Community outreach are regarded as positive by over 80 percent of the surveyed community members. 56 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks Unit Implementation ▶ Run a survey among the resident firms with more than 250 employees within the park to examine whether ‌ they have OH&S management systems in place. Percentage of firms ▶ ‌ the target is not met, the park operator needs to monitor the resident firms and provide them with support to help If settle issues relevant to the OH&S management. Percentage of grievances Percentage of grievances ▶ Conduct surveys at park level to assess the current status of grievance management. ‌ Percentage of firms ▶ Conduct surveys at park level to assess the current status of harassment and strategies to manage ‌ harassment. Percentage of firms ▶ If ‌ the current performance does not meet the target, the park operator can monitor and provide support for resident firms with training programs or materials that highlight effective tools to prevent harassment in the workplace. Conduct surveys at park level to assess employees' satisfaction with social infrastructure provided by park Percentage of surveyed ▶ ‌ operators. If the target is not met, increase the quality of services connected to social infrastructures in employees accordance to the key findings of the surveys. Conduct surveys at park level to assess safety and security issue management. In case the target is not Percentage of reported ▶ ‌ met, the park operator can increase the quality of safety and security services in accordance to the key security and safety issues findings of the surveys. ▶ Conduct surveys at park level and with resident firms to examine existing programs for skills/vocational ‌ training and development. If the findings from the survey indicate that the current practice does meet the Percentage of firms performance target, the park operator can work with the large tenant firms to develop skills/vocational training programs or establish training centers. ▶ Conduct surveys at park level to assess infrastructure/programs for skills development and gender ‌ Percentage of female statistics. workforce ▶ If ‌ the target is not met, park operators can work with resident firms hiring a large number of female workers to develop training programs and centers. ▶ Conduct surveys with local communities within a reasonable radius from the industrial park to assess ‌ their satisfaction with park’s efforts to inform and engage communities on the matters that affect them. Percentage of surveyed In case the target is not met, identify strategies that can engage local communities more effectively on community members ▶ ‌ the matters that affect the communities. Identify existing communication channels and methods that are often used by local communities and leverage them. Conduct surveys with local communities within a reasonable radius from the industrial parks to assess their Number of outreach ▶ ‌ satisfaction with the park's outreach activities. If the target is not met, re-design and implement outreach activity activities per year programs in accordance with the key findings of the survey. 57 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Topic Sub-topic Indicator Local employment Percentage of total workers employed in industrial park who live within daily commuting generation distance. Employment generation Percentage of total firm workers in industrial park employed through direct employment Type of employment (that is, not employed on a fee-for-output basis or provided through a labor supply firm) and permanent contracts. Economic Percentage of resident firms using local suppliers or service providers for at least 80 Local percent of their total procurement value. business Local value added and SME promotion Percentage of total procurement value of park management entity supplied by local firms or service providers. Economic Investment-ready park The ratio of rented or used space by resident firms compared to the total amount of value for firms available space earmarked for resident firms within industrial park. creation 58 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks Unit Implementation ▶ In partnership with park operator and the representatives of resident firms and using sampling techniques, ‌ conduct surveys with workers in the industrial park to assess the actual percentage of workers employed who live within daily commuting distance. Percentage of employees ▶ ‌ the target is not met, the park operator needs to work with local governments and municipalities to develop If various programs (including programs that increase rapid public transportation routes) to increase the percentage of employees who live within daily commuting distance. ▶ In partnership with park operator and the representatives of resident firms and using sampling techniques, ‌ conduct surveys with workers in the industrial park to assess the actual percentage of workers employed with permanent contracts over the total number of workers in the park. Percentage of employees ▶ If ‌ the target is not satisfied, the park operator can engage local communities and municipalities to provide various skills training programs that can help increase the local employment rate, and improve the skills of human resources to help meet the needs of the resident firms. ▶ Conduct a survey at park level. ‌ Percentage of firms ▶ The ‌ park operator can implement various programs and outreach activities to help promote partnerships between local businesses and resident firms. Assess the regional satellite activities related to industrial park's procurement strategies. Percentage of total ▶ ‌ ‌ the target is not met, the park operator can maximize its existing business partnerships with local companies If procurement value of park ▶ outside the park or conduct various outreach activities to help promote partnerships between local businesses and management entity resident firms. Conduct technical assessment to check existing ratios regarding rented-out space in the industrial parks. Average percent occupancy ▶ ‌ Park operator can implement various marketing efforts to accelerate the assignment of the parcels to meet the rate over 5 years ▶ ‌ performance target. 59 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox  A data collection form for resource efficiency audit/ Tool 2.5. ‌ assessment A. General information about the firm Name of the firm: Name of the facility: NACE Code and sector: Tel: Address : Fax: Contact person: Occupation/Role: Year of establishment: Occupied area (m2): Number of employees: B. Production information Please fill in the table by annual amounts of production (latest year): Type/Name of product Amount Unit Total IMPORTANT NOTE: Please provide process diagrams of major products as an attachment to this form. C. Raw materials Please fill in the table by annual amounts of raw materials (latest year): Type/Name of raw materials Related processes Amount Unit Total D. Chemicals and auxiliary materials Please fill in the table by annual amounts of chemicals and auxiliary materials (latest year): Type/Name of chemicals and Related processes Amount Unit auxiliary materials Total 60 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks E. Energy consumption Please fill in the table by annual amounts of energy consumption by different sources (latest year): Energy source Related processes Amount Unit Coal Natural Gas Fuel-oil Electricity LPG Renewable (please indicate) Other Total (kWh) F. Water consumption Please fill in the table by annual amounts of water consumption by different sources (latest year): Water source Related processes Amount Unit Main water (Municipality etc.) Groundwater/Surface water Other Total (m3) G. Wastewater generation Please fill in the table by annual amounts/parameters of wastewater by different sources (latest year): Parameters Wastewater source Amount (Processes) (m3) Oil and grease COD (mg/L) TSS (mg/L) pH Other (mg/L) Total H. Solid and hazardous waste generation Please fill in the table by annual amounts of waste generation by different sources (latest year): Name/Type of waste Related processes Amount Unit Total (tons) 61 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Tool 2.6. Key steps to implement greenfield EIP projects Assess potential risks and benefits for stakeholders The successful implementation of a greenfield (or “new”) EIP project will depend on capacities to attract firms, location and the proximity to logistic infrastructures, and regional economic development, as well as on the national and local regulatory and political framework. It is important to examine socio-economic and environmental benefits and risks associated with site selection, and raise awareness of these benefits and risks among stakeholders involved in making decisions on investment, planning, development and management of industrial parks (see the table below). Examples of Benefits and Risks Associated with New EIP Development Stakeholders Benefits Risks Industrial park’s membership in EIP can help increase sales by marketing it with final clients Increasing competitiveness by: i. reducing investment costs Increasing operational risk associated Firms (shared infrastructures); ii. reducing running costs through with industrial symbiosis (functional Energy Efficiency and Industrial symbiosis; iii. Reducing costs dependency) for regulatory compliance Accessing to subsidized financing Local Increasing employment opportunities in the region Supporting locations that are in Communities Cleaner environment compared to conventional Industrial zones proximity to urban areas Finding financial resources to Government Setting country excellence support and sustain initial stages of EIP green fields Site identification and spatial planning The location of the site is decisive for the economic success of the industrial parks. The attractiveness of the industrial parks depends largely on its geographical location, its direct environment and economic ecosystem such as skilled and available workforce, (local) marketability, infrastructure and networks, existing value chain-related activities, site development and construction costs, flooding or heat wave risks, availability of water, etc. The industrial park’s success and its sustainability also depend on its biophysical environment and ecosystem, as well as the principal natural resources that can be affected by industrial park development. In addition, a new EIP can be welcomed by local communities living in its vicinity if it offers jobs and business opportunities, protects their livelihoods, improves local infrastructure and services (e.g. roads, water supply, education and health services), or contributes to a better quality of life in general. However, an industrial park can just as well diminish the quality of life for the surrounding population through the loss of traditional revenue sources (e.g. in agriculture), or causing noise, pollution, health or security problems. Each site under consideration needs to be evaluated considering these factors and evaluation criteria suggested below. 62 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks Criteria used for evaluating candidate sites for greenfield EIP projects Topic Sub-topic Description Understanding climate change impacts of the site and Climate risk Vulnerability of the site to nearby regions, the frequency and intensity of each type of assessment climate- related hazards natural disasters, vulnerability and risk assessment, tentative adaptation measures. Subsurface waters: Existing local or regional subsurface reservoirs used as characteristics (capacities, drinking water sources or for agricultural purposes, existing sensibility and current Surface and water protection zones. use) subsurface waters Surface waters: Water Existing surface water flow, surface water drainage conditions, flow direction, velocity evacuation system for drainage waters: infiltration, and volume, hydrology, evaporation efflux. drainage and flood risks Air quality, cumulative Air quality near the industrial park: potential cumulative effects and sensitivity effects or natural environment sensitive to air pollution of neighboring areas to generated by the industrial parks or areas. these effects Air Sensitivity of the environment regarding Sensitivity of the environment regarding an increased level Environmental the potential noise of noise which can be caused by the industrial activities or generation (construction traffic generated within industrial parks/areas. works, industrial activities, traffic) Physical characteristics of Carrying capacity, stability and landslide risks, permeability, the soil and subsoil erosion. Soil and subsoil Edaphic characteristics: Risks of losing fertile/irrigated farming soils. nature and productivity Flora Impact on endemic, rare or endangered flora. Environmental Fauna Impact on endemic, rare or endangered fauna. sensibility Impacts on the nature of soil occupation around the Soil occupation industrial parks/areas. Collection and valorization of ordinary Existing organized waste management systems. waste Waste Connectivity towards a Existing controlled landfill. landfill Collection and treatment Existing formal and organized management system for of dangerous waste dangerous/industrial waste. Existing and future Existing housing capacities and future needs; risk of General living housing propagation of informal housing Social conditions Existing and future public Transport system needs (e.g. capacity and connectivity) and transport and services risks of the development of informal systems Topic Sub-topic Description 63 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Service needs in general (quantity and quality): restauration, Existing and future General living day care, education, vocational training, health, free time amenities and community conditions activities and administration; risks of the appearance of services informal services in the vicinity of the industrial areas. Pressure and social Opportunities for valuation or risks of devaluation of land, dynamics linked to the speculation, etc. Dynamics, soil occupation opportunities Potential conflicts with the local population regarding the and conflicts Potential conflicts with use of natural resources (e.g. water and soil) or infrastructure the local population (e.g. insufficient roads, installed electric capacities and other equipment). Social New job opportunities, Opportunity for local job creation and improved income of new sources of revenue local people. and improvement of the Dynamics, living conditions of the Percentage of female workforce who benefit from available opportunities local population supporting infrastructure/programs for skills development. and conflicts The population's risk of losing existing revenues due to the Revenue losses for the development of the industrial parks: usage restrictions for local populations soils (e.g. for agriculture or animal husbandry). Presence of security forces Security situation around the industrial parks. Security and public order Civil protection capacities in case of incidents (fire, toxic Civil protection emissions, explosions, flooding, earthquake, etc.) Availability in terms of quantity and quality of drinking water Access to drinking water and adduction costs. Access to electricity Availability and adduction costs / possibilities for self-supply. Access to other networks/ Access to further infrastructure and costs. grids Construction costs for a wastewater grid, a treatment plant or Wastewater network Connectivity: a link to an existing system /grid. Costs for Infrastructure costs for telecommunication grids/systems and access and ICT maximum bandwidth/ speed (increasing importance in the maintenance context of the Internet of Things). Economic Existence of an adequate road network or construction costs Roads for new roads for the needs of the industrial park . Distance, transport time, accessibility and needed port Port characteristics. Distance, transport time, accessibility and needed airport Airport characteristics. Needs and costs for terrain levelling and building ground Topography, levelling Terrain preparation. constructability Flood terrains, needing drainage efforts to evacuate/keep the Flooding water outside the industrial parks/industrial areas. Topic Sub-topic Description 64 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 2: Implementing the EIP Framework in industrial parks Availability of (specialized) workforce matching with the Existing workforce industrial park's needs. Research and innovation Availability and connectivity of research and innovation centers centers. Availability and connectivity of services linked to supporting Business development industrial activities in the industrial parks (e.g. financing, services recruitment, HR management, founding enterprises, marketing, organizational development, etc.). Existing branches or single companies linked to the envisaged Existing Existent value chains activities in the industrial park and their potential added Economic economic value. ecosystem Existing industrial parks Existing industrial parks/areas or industrial activities in the or areas (Competition or proximity which could positively or negatively impact the complementarity) development of the new industrial parks. Shared services and Existing favorable environment for shared services or industrial symbioses industrial symbiosis (energy, waste valorization, waste potential management, water treatment, etc.). Potential housing development, formal and informal activities Change of land use: local and respective infrastructure needs (e.g. social or transport effects and absorption of infrastructure), need for restructuring/ upgrading of existing the resulting costs infrastructure, including construction and maintenance costs. Marketing Marketing is one of the most important aspects to attract firms to develop new EIPs. For the success of a greenfield (or “new”) EIP project, it is essential to attract firms by identifying various opportunities for firms to increase their competitiveness and differentiation in their markets. Park developers need to describe and demonstrate to the firms the benefits associated with improved cost efficiency, which will affect both initial investments and operating costs, and to differentiation in their market due to a sustainable approach to business. This last topic is going to be a significant parameter in the evaluation of vendors performed by international buyers. Potential actions that practitioners can use to promote benefits for firms in the EIPs include: ●  rganizing workshops and round tables on economic benefits associated to sustainable growth, energy efficiency ‌ O and industrial symbiosis ● Promoting R&D projects for energy efficiency, recycling and waste reduction ●  romoting annual awards for firms standing out in terms of their achievements of economic performances driven ‌ P by overperforming EIP’s indexes 65 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox 66 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 3: EIPs and industrial symbiosis Tool 3.1. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) · ····································· 68 A data gathering form to be used for identifying potentials for industrial Tool 3.2.  symbiosis ······················································ 69 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Tool 3.1. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) Material flow analysis (MFA) is a tool that visualizes material and energy flows used in a firm such as the source of raw and processed materials, as well as the volumes and sources of waste generation and emissions. MFA is used in creating a database on the inputs (e.g. raw material use, water, and energy demands) and outputs (e.g. wastes, by-products and waste heat) from firms within and outside industrial parks. MFA facilitates rapid and easy interpretation of the collected information. In addition, MFA helps analyze the composition of the used substances and assess their economic values, allowing firms and the park operators to ensure efficient production and use of materials and to identify potential industrial symbiosis among firms within/outside industrial parks. Several types of charts can be used for conducting an MFA. These include flowcharts illustrating material flows and process steps; pie charts and histograms describing ratios and compositions; time-travel diagrams indicating time relations; and Sankey diagrams representing material flows true to scale. Practitioners can conduct an MFA using these charts and following steps described in the steps below. Steps to conduct an MFA analysis ▶ What material are used in the firm? 1 ▶ What quantities of materials are processed? Define the objective of the MFA and the parameters to be monitored ▶ What is their economic value? ▶ ‌ What quantities of waste and emissions are disposed of at the end of the production process? 2 ‌ Does it concern the analysis of the firm as a whole or is it limited to Define the balance scope ▶ individual processes? 3 ‌ What specific time span is chosen? (a balance year, a month, a Define the balance period ▶ production batch or a week of production) system analysis 4 ▶ ‌ Processes are divided into steps and illustrated in a flowchart. Identify and define process steps ▶ ‌ The flowchart should be based either on activities or on equipment, on production units or on profit centers. ‌ relevant data on material flows (e.g. components, values, volumes, All 5 ▶ Draw the flowchart: material flows data sources, ecological relevance) are represented in the flowchart. (qualitative approach) ▶ ‌ important data of process steps (e.g. temperature and batch size) have All to be documented. ‌ a stable system the quantification of mass flow input into an element In 6 ▶ Draw up balances: material flows has to be equivalent to the output. (quantitative approach) ▶ ‌ raw and process materials input into a certain element have to leave All in the firm of either a product or of waste of emissions. ▶ Development and evaluation of scenarios and schematic representation. ‌ 7 Interpret the results and draw The ‌ establishment of relations between raw materials and waste conclusions ▶ (material paths) are retraced and key figures in the form of efficiency ratios and performance ratios are calculated. 68 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 3: EIPs and industrial symbiosis A ‌ data gathering form to be used for identifying Tool 3.2.  potentials for industrial symbiosis Information about resident firm Means of □ Phone call □ Site visit □ Other communication: Date and time of Reporter: meeting: Representatives of the firm and their roles: Name of the firm: Address: Type and amount of products: Sector code: # of (NACE, ISIC etc.) employees Parent company: Date of establishment Contact person: Fax: Additional info: 69 A Practitioner’s Handbook For Eco-Industrial Parks: Toolbox Resources/Waste generated and available from the firm Resources/Waste Detailed information Waste code (amount, type, the content of the resources/ (European Waste Codes waste, the process through which resources/ (EWC) or a similar waste waste are generated, the frequency of coding system) generation etc.) Solid wastes (metal, wood, packaging, ash, plastics, etc.) Chemicals (Solvents, acids, alkaline, etc.) Electric/Electronic equipment (Batteries, cables, chips, mobile communication devices etc.) Waste biomass (Food wastes, agricultural wastes, agroindustry wastes etc.) Liquid resources (Process water, wastewater, oil, sludge etc.) Gases (CO2, methane etc.) Energy (Steam, waste heat, fuel etc.) Transportation (excess capacity for transportation etc.) Facilities (warehouses, depots, wastewater treatment facility, laboratories etc.) Other (expertise, competency, information etc.) Notes: 70 Tools for implementing the Handbook Section 3: EIPs and industrial symbiosis Resources and Waste the Resident Firms Can Receive Resources/Waste Detailed information Waste code (amount, type, the content of the resources/ (European Waste Codes waste, the process through which resources/ (EWC) or a similar waste waste are generated, the frequency of coding system) generation etc.) Solid wastes (metal, wood, packaging, ash, plastics, etc.) Chemicals (Solvents, acids, alkaline, etc.) Electric/Electronic equipment (Batteries, cables, chips, mobile communication devices etc.) Waste biomass (Food wastes, agricultural wastes, agroindustry wastes etc.) Liquid resources (Process water, wastewater, oil, sludge etc.) Gases (CO2, methane etc.) Energy (Steam, waste heat, fuel etc.) Transportation (excess capacity for transportation etc.) Facilities (warehouses, depots, wastewater treatment facility, laboratories etc.) Other (expertise, competency, information etc.) Notes: 71