Public Disclosure Authorized                                  Public Disclosure Authorized   Public Disclosure Authorized   Public Disclosure Authorized




                                                               5




1998
       er Kaufmann
       Velez 1999 )
                                                                           1
                                                                                                                                              2000J3




                                           (Barberia Johnson
                                                                   21 76



                                           Kaufmann



                      52
                                           1998 )
                                                                                                 ?




                                    1982
                                                                                                                                         36




                      40 (Bamberg
                                                                                                                                                       26737
                                                  50
   23




                     ?




        50                                             Osc
ar
Lewis     50 60                      “     ”

                                         (Lewis
1961)




    Cox      Jimenez (1990),




                               -2-
         Sahlins                                                           (1965)




                             “   ”


         Sahlins                                   Larissa                Lomnitz
                                                   Oscar
Lewis
                                       “
    ” (Lomnitz 1977, 190 )

             John   Rawl                                    Daniel       Kaufmann
(1982)
                                                                               “
     ”

                                               “        ”




         •
                                                                               ?

         •                                                                 ?

         •                                                           ?

         •                                 ?




•



                                 -3-
•

                                       ?

•                                                                                   ?




Bamberger, Michael, Daniel Kaufmann, and Eduardo Velez. 1999. “Interhousehold Transfers
and Survival Strategies of Low- income Households.” World Bank, Wash- ington, D.C.

Barberia, Lorena, Simon Johnson, and Daniel Kaufmann. 1998. “Social Networks in
Transition” William Davidson Institute Working Paper 102. University of Michi- gan.

Cox, Donald, and Emmanuel Jimenez. 1990. “Achieving Social Objectives through Private
  Transfers: A Review.” World Bank Research Observer 5(2): 205-18.

Kaufmann, Daniel. 1982. “Social Interac- tions As a Strategy of Survival among the Urban Poor:
A Theory and Some Evi- dence.” Ph.D. diss. Harvard University, Department of Economics,
Cambridge, Mass.

Lewis, Oscar. 1961. The Children of Sanchez. New York: Random House.

Lomnitz, Larissa. 1977. Networks and Mar- ginality: Life in a Mexican Shantytown. New York:
Academic Press.

Mukras, Mohammad, John Oucho, and Michael Bamberger. 1985. “Resource Mobilization and
 the Household Econ-
 omy in Kenya.” Canadian Journal of African Studies 19(2).

Sahlins, Marshall. 1965. “On the Sociology
  of Primitive Exchange.” In M. Banton,
  ed., The Relevance of Models for Social Anthro- pology. London: Tavistock.

           Michael Bamberger (                                  ) Daniel Kaufmann
(                                  )    Eduardo Velez (                                 )

                                                           Wendy Wakeman (x 33994)
     PREMnet        Thematic Groups

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                    PREM                               Sarah                Nedolast      PREM                     PREM
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                   36                                                        2000 3


  1

ý¶ t                                    Óº
   (       ), 1988/89                                38%
          (        ), 1998                                           23%                 13%
                                                                             50% 3%
             (      ), 1976             58%                                    48%
                                                                                          41%
      , 1975-83                         93%                                      8%
             , 1982                     31%                                   10%
            1974                                                                        41%
             1977-78                    19-30%                                11%
      , 1985                            22%                    23%                                2.9%
          (    ), 1978                                        43%                          23%
         (         ), 1996              18%                                    1.8%
         (         ) 1996               17%                                  1.7%
       Mukras Oucho     Bamberger 1985; Barberia Johnson   Kaufmann 1998;    Bamberger Kaufmann   Velez        1999
Cox    Jimenez 1990




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