1Ž /I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I >>t-<6rll~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l 0,c&,:F: Z -;! ia 'Zf Contents Table des matieres Indice 3 Foreword 3 Avant-propos 3 Prefacio 4 Population 1994 4 Population 1994 4 Poblaci6n 1994 6 Introduction 6 Introduction 6 Introducci6n 7 The people 7 La population 7 Poblaci6n 8 Social statistics 8 Statistiques sociales 8 Estadisticas sociales 10 Population growth rate, 1985-94 10 Taux de croissance de la population, 10 Tasa de crecimiento de la poblaci6n, II Life expectancy at birth, 1993 1985-94 1985-94 12 Total fertility rate, 1993 11 Esp&ance de vie a la naissance, 1993 11 Esperanza de vida al nacer, 1993 13 Infant mortality rate, 1993 12 Indice synthetique de fecondite, 1993 12 Tasa de fecundidad total, 1993 14 Child malnutrition, 1985-93 13 Taux de mortalit6 infantile, 1993 13 Tasa de mortalidad infantil, 1993 15 Illiteracy rate, 1990 14 Malnutrition chez les enfants, 1985-93 14 Malnutrici6n en la niiiez, 1985-93 16 Female labor force, 1994 15 Taux d'analphabetisme. 1990 15 Tasa de analfabetismo, 1990 17 The economy 16 Les femmes dans la population active, 16 Fuerza de trabajo femenina, 1994 18 Economic statistics 1994 17 Economia 20 GNP per capita, 1994 17 L'economie 18 Estadisticas econ6micas 21 GNP per capita growth rate, 1985-94 18 Statistiques economiques 20 PNB per capita, 1994 22 Share of agriculture in GDP, 1994 20 PNB par habitant, 1994 21 Tasa de crecimiento del PNB per 23 Share of exports in GDP, 1994 21 Taux de croissance du PNB par habitant, capita, 1985-94 24 Share of investment in GDP, 1994 1985-94 22 Proporci6n de la agricultura en el PIB, 25 The environment 22 Part de l'agriculture dans le PIB, 1994 1994 26 Environmental statistics 23 Part des exportations dans le PIB, 1994 23 Proporci6n de las exportaciones en el 28 GDPper kilogram of energy used, 1993 24 Part de l'investissement dans le PIB, 1994 PIB, 1994 29 Annual water use, 1970-94 25 L'environnement 24 Proporci6n de la inversi6n en el PIB, 30 Annual water use per capita, 1970-94 26 Statistiques sur l'environnement 1994 31 Forest coverage, 1990 28 PIB par kilogramme d'energie consomme, 25 Medio ambiente 32 Change in forest coverage, 1981-90 1993 26 Estadisticas ambientales 33 Technical notes 29 Consommation d'eau annuelle, 1970-94 28 PIB por kilogramo de energia 36 The World Bank 30 Consommation d'eau annuelle par habitant, consumido, 1993 1970-94 29 Uso anual de agua, 1970-94 31 Couvert forestier, 1990 30 Uso anual de agua per capita, 1970-94 32 Variation du couvert forestier, 1981-90 31 Cubierta forestal, 1990 34 Notes techniques 32 Variaci6n en la cubierta forestal, 36 La Banque mondiale 1981-90 35 Notas tecnicas 36 El Banco Mundial The World Bank Atlas I 9 9 6 The World Bank Washin :'ton, D.C. The colors, boundaries, denominations, and classifi- Les couleurs, frontieres, appellations et classifications Los colores, las fronteras, los nombres y las clasifi- cations in this Atlas do not imply, on the part of the figurant dans cet Atlas n'impliquent pas de la part de caciones que aparecen en este Atlas no denotan, por World Bank and its affiliates, any judgment on the la Banque mondiale et de ses institutions affiliees parte del Banco Mundial y sus afiliadas, juicio alguno legal or other status of any territory, or any endorse- qu'elles aient porte un jugement sur le statut juridique sobre la condici6n jurldica o de otra especie de nin- ment or acceptance of any boundary. ou autre d'un territoire quelconque, ni qu'elles aient guno de los territorios, ni aprobaci6n o aceptaci6n de reconnu ou accepte une frontiere quelconque. ninguna de tales fronteras. The Eckert IV projection is used for all maps. It maintains correct areas for all countries but to some Les planispheres ont et etablis selon la projection En todos los mapas se ha utilizado la proyecci6n extent distorts shape, distance, and direction. Eckert IV qui donne une representation exacte de la Eckert IV, que permite mantener las superficies superficie de chaque pays, moyennant quelques distor- correctas de los pafses, si bien a costa de algunas dis- Copyright © 1995 sions dans les contours, les distances et les directions. torsiones en cuanto a configuraci6n, distancias y International Bank for Reconstruction and orientaci6n. Development/The World Bank Copyright (D1995 1818 H Street, N.W. Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le Copyright © 1995 Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. developpement/Banque mondiale Banco Internacional de Reconstrucci6n y 1818 H Street, N.W. Fomento/Banco Mundial All rights reserved Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. 1818 H Street, N.W. Manufactured in the United States of America Washington, D.C. 20433, EE.UU. First printing December 1995 Tous droits reserves ISBN 0-8213-3287-2 Imprime aux Etats-Unis d'Amerique Reservados todos los derechos Premier tirage decembre 1995 Hecho en los Estados Unidos de America Primera impresi6n, diciembre de 1995 Foreword Avant-propos Prefacio : . ', ,- - v ............The World Bank Atlas, with its maps and statistics Recucil de cartes et de statistiques couvrant trois El World Bank Atlas, que incluye mapas y estadisti- covering three broad areas-the people, the economy, grands themes, la population, l'economie et l'envi- cas sobre tres grandes esferas -poblaci6n. economia and the environment-draws on an extensive range of ronnement, I'Atlas de la Banque mondiale s'appuie y medio ambiente- se apoya en una amplia gama de information to illustrate differences in living condi- sur toute une gamme d'informations pour mettre en informaci6n con el objeto de mostrar las diferencias tions throughout the world, both between and within lumiere les differences de niveau de vie qui existent a en las condiciones de vida de la poblaci6n, tanto regions. travers le monde, aussi bien entre les diverses regions entre las distintas regiones como en cada una de ellas. In many developing countries the opportunities for que dans une meme region. Las oportunidades de crecimiento econ6mico eh economic growth have been, and remain, favorable. Pour beaucoup de pays en developpement, les pos- muchos paises en desarrollo han sido, y siguen In the last ten years, nearly 100 countries have expe- sibilites de croissance economique ont ete et sont siendo. favorables. En los 6ltimos diez anos. en casi rienced overall growth in per capita income, and evi- encore favorables. Au cours des dix demieres annees, 100 paises se ha registrado un aumento generalPdel dence suggests that the level of poverty declines as pres de 100 pays ont enregistre une croissance glo- ingreso per capita y los datos disponibles indican que an economy expands. High-growth countries are in bale de leur revenu par habitant, et tout indique que le el nivel de pobreza disminuye a medida que crece la nearly every region-Chile and Uruguay in Latin niveau de pauvrete diminue a mesure qu'une econo- economia. En casi todas las regiones del planeta hay America; Namibia, Botswana, and Uganda in Africa; mie progresse. 11 existe des economies a forte crois- paises que crecen aceleradamente -Chile y Uruguay and a number of countries in Asia, notably Thailand. sance dans presque toutes les regions: que ce soit le en America Latina; Namibia, Botswana y Uganda en Many of these Latin American and Asian countries Chili ou l'Uruguay, en Amerique latine; la Namibie. Africa. y varios en Asia. en especial Tailandia. also have high levels of literacy, reflecting the link le Botswana ou l'Ouganda, en Afrique; ou encore un Muchos de estos paises latinoamericanos y asidticos between basic education and growth. Since 1970, certain nombre de pays d'Asie, notamment la tambien tienen un elevado nivel de alfabetismo, lo about the time the first Atlas was published, an even Tha'ilande. Beaucoup de ces pays, aussi bien en Ame- cual indica el vinculo entre la educaci6n basica y el more dramatic improvement has occurred world- rique latine qu'en Asie, ont en outre des taux d'alpha- crecimiento. Desde 1970, aproximadamente la epoca wide: infant mortality rates across all developing betisation eleves, refletant ainsi le lien qui existe en que se public6 la primera edici6n del Atlas, ha countries have almost halved, from 96 in every thou- entre education de base et croissance. Depuis 1970. habido un avance a nivel mundial incluso mas sand births in 1970, down to 55 in 1993. date qui correspond a peu pres a la premiere edition extraordinario: en todos los paises en desarrollo la Although much progress has been made, signifi- de cet Atlas. un progres encore plus spectaculaire a tasa de mortalidad infantil se ha reducido casi a la cant disparities exist and much development work ete enregistre a l'echelon mondial, en ce sens que le mitad. de 96 defunciones por cada 1.000 nacimientos remains. For instance, the average life expectancy for taux de mortalite infantile de l'ensemble des pays en en 1970, a 55 en 1993. high-income countries rose from 71 in 1970 to 77 in developpement a pratiquement diminue de moitie: A pesar del gran progreso alcanzado, existen 1993, but the low-income population still has an de 96 deces pour 1.000 naissances en 1970, il est en importantes disparidades y todavia es mucho lo que average life expectancy of only 62 years. And, while effet tombe a 55 pour 1.000 en 1993. queda por hacer en la esfera del desarrollo. Por ejem- in most parts of the world women make up more than Beaucoup de progres ont certes ete faits, mais il plo. en los paises de ingreso alto la esperanza media 30 percent of the labor force, in 20 countries women existe de profondes disparites et il reste beaucoup a de vida aument6 de 71 afios en 1970 a 77 en 1993, still form less than 20 percent of the formal work- faire sur le plan du developpement. Si, par exemple. pero en el caso de la poblaci6n de escasos recursos force. 1'esperance de vie moyenne dans les pays a revenu esta es de tan s6lo 62 anos. Asimismo, mientras en It is these issues, and others, that the Atlas high- eleve est passee de 71 a 77 ans entre 1970 et 1993. casi todo el mundo las mujeres constituyen mds del lights each year in an effort to strengthen global elle ne depasse toujours pas 62 ans pour les popula- 30% de la poblaci6n activa, en 20 paises ellas todavia understanding of the measures of development. tions a faible revenu. Et si, dans la plupait des representan menos del 20% de la fuerza de trabajo regions du monde, les femmes representent plus de del sector formal. 30 % de la population active, elles en constituent tou- En cada edici6n del Atlas se destacan estos y otros Michael Bruno jours moins de 20 % dans 20 pays. aspectos en un intento por aumentar la comprensi6n Senior Vice President, Development Economics Ce sont ces aspects, parmi d'autres, que l'Atlas general de los parametros por los que se mide el and Chief Economist met en relief chaque annee, de maniere a renforcer, a desarrollo. The World Bank l'echelon mondial, la connaissance des elements qui servent a mesurer le developpement. Population Millions 1994 *Less than I D1-9 Cnd Population 0110-49 1994 E 50-99 * 100 or more Poblacion 11 No data 1994 L r - Guaternmala r Go# Ricu ar i Ist LuDolordbia L es~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cuador ( / s_ Chib kgerWrb _;/// s ~~~~~~~Dominica \ t ^ P"lw Emir\ft A" r a a t = \C.h adZa a a Ena m iCzech RteikM *a4nlc Sa., . Faso i Swan~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S S,e Len crvle Ghanan Lankaad Fed~~~~m Ahlotc.n Lib C 9;.. . 5? <)aGncemn Introduction Introduction Introduccion This twenty-eighth World Bank Atlas presents key Cette vingt-huitieme edition de l'Atlas presente cer- En esta vig6sima octava edici6n del World Bank social and economic information organized under taines informations sociales et economiques essen- Atlas se presentan datos sociales y econ6micos fun- three headings, People, Economy, and Environment, tielles classees sous trois grands titres : Population, damentales agrupados en tres temas: poblaci6n, eco- to emphasize the importance of these themes in the Economie, et Environnement, afin de souligner nomfa y medio ambiente. Ademas de la medida development process. As in last year's edition, as l'importance de ces themes pour le processus de estandar del PNB per capita que efectda el Banco well as the World Bank's standard measure of GNP developpement. Pour le PNB par habitant. cette edi- Mundial aplicando el metodo del Altas, al igual que per capita using the Atlas methodology, the measure tion presente, comme l'annee demiere, non seule- en la edici6n del aiio pasado, se presenta la medida de of GNP per capita converted at purchasing power ment les resultats obtenus selon la methode utilisee ese indicador, convertido a la paridad de poder adqui- parity (PPP) is presented. It offers an alternative view pour I'Atlas de la Banque mondiale, mais aussi les sitivo (PPA). Ello permite tener otra perspectiva del of a country's income level relative to others by using chiffres calcules en prenant comme facteur de con- nivel de ingreso de un pais con respecto al de otras international prices to value domestic production. version la parite des pouvoirs d'achat (PPA). L'utili- naciones utilizando los precios internacionales para Readers should note that because of differing sta- sation des prix internationaux pour determiner la valorar la producci6n interna. tistical systems and methods of collection among valeur de la production interieure donne une vision Los lectores deben tener en cuenta que, debido a economies, the indicators are not always strictly differente de la situation d'un pays par rapport aux los distintos sistemas estadisticos y diferentes m6to- comparable in coverage and definition. Brief descrip- autres en termes de revenus. dos de recopilaci6n de datos en unos y otros paises, tions of the data are included in the technical notes, Le lecteur doit noter que, les systemes statistiques los indicadores no son siempre estrictamente compa- but more detailed notes are available in the World et les methodes de collecte de donn&s variant d'une rabies en cuanto a cobertura y definici6n. En las notas Bank's annual publications, World Development Report &onomnie a l'autre, les indicateurs ne sont pas tou- tecnicas se incluyen descripciones sucintas de los and World-AData 1995: World Bank Indicators on jours stfictement comparables dans leur couverture et datos y, para notas mas detalladas al respecto, se CD-ROM. Ieur definition. Les notes techniques fournissent de recomienda consultar otras publicaciones anuales del Information on these and other publications cover- breves descriptions des donnees, mais des notes plus Banco Mundial, como el Informe sobre el Desarrollo ing international economic analysis and statistics can detaillees figurent dans les publications annuelles de Muindial y World*Data 1995: World Bank Indicators be obtained through an e-mail request to books@ la Banque mondiale : Rapport sur le diveloppement on CD-ROM. worldbank.org or by writing to: World Bank Publica- dans le monde et World-AData 1995: World Bank Para obtener mayor informaci6n sobre estas y tions, 1818 H Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, Indicators on CD-ROM. otras publicaciones que comprenden analisis econ6- U.S.A. 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Pour commander par telephone Los lectores que tengan interes en obtener una by calling 1-800-590-1906 or (202) 473-7824. une publication de la Banque mondiale, le numero a explicaci6n mis completa de los problemas tecnicos appeler aux Etats-Unis est : (202) 473-1155. pueden dirigir sus consultas a: Development Data Les lecteurs qui souhaitent des explications plus Division, International Economics Department, World completes sur les aspects techniques du present Atlas Bank. a la direcci6n arriba indicada. o enviarlas por sont invites a envoyer leurs demandes a : Develop- correo electr6nico a: info@worldbank.org. Tambien ment Data Division, International Economics Depart- pueden llamar al telefono 1-800-590-1906 o (202) ment, World Bank, a l'adresse postale ci-dessus; par 473-7824. courrier electronique a info@worldbank.org: ou par telephone au numero suivant : 1-800-590-1906 ou (202) 473-7824. The people La population Poblaci6n Although more than I billion people still live in pov- Bien que plus de I milliard d'etres humains vivent A pesar de que en todo el mundo hay mas de 1.000 erty, countries in the developing world have achieved encore dans la pauvrete, les niveaux de vie des pays millones de personas que atn viven en condiciones . substantial gains in living standards over the past en developpement se sont nettement ameliores de pobreza, los paises en desarrollo han logrado twenty years. These gains are reflected in improve- depuis 20 ans. L'augmentation de l'esperance de vie mejorar considerablemente los niveles de vida en los ments in life expectancy and primary school enroll- et du nombre d'eleves dans l'enseignement primaire uiltimos 20 anios. Este progreso se refleja en el ment rates and in declines in infant mortality and ainsi que la baisse de la mortalite infantile et de aumento de la esperanza de vida y de las tasas de-1 illiteracy. I'analphabetisme temoignent de ces ameliorations. matricula en la escuela primaria, asf como en la dis. Progress, however, has been uneven among the Les progres ont cependant ete inegaux d'une minuci6n de la mortalidad infantil y el analfabetismA. regions of the developing world, among countries region a l'autre du monde en developpement, entre Los avances, sin embargo, no han sido parejos1en within those regions, and among localities within pays a l'interieur des regions et entre localites a las regiones del mundo en desarrollo, ni tampoco those countries. Nearly half of the world's poor live l'interieur des pays. L'Asie du Sud compte pres de la entre los pafses de esas regiones, ni entre las distintas in South Asia, a region that accounts for roughly moitie des pauvres du monde pour une population localidades de esos pafses. Casi la mitad de los 22 percent of the world's population. Sub-Saharan qui represente environ 22 % de celle du monde. pobres del mundo viven en Asia meridional, regi6n a Africa accounts for a smaller, but still highly dispro- L'Afrique subsaharienne supporte une part plus la que corresponde alrededor del 22% de la poblaci6n portionate, share of global poverty. faible, mais neanmoins fortement disproportionnee. mundial. En Africa al sur del Sahara se concentra un National and regional averages, often bad enough de la pauvrete mondiale. porcentaje menor, aunque muy desproporcionado, de in themselves, mask appallingly low life expectancy En outre, les moyennes nationales et regionales. Ia pobreza mundial. and educational attainment among the poorest mem- souvent assez mauvaises en soi, masquent des Los promedios nacionales y regionales, que a bers of society. This is because the weight of poverty niveaux d'esperance de vie et d'instruction effroya- menudo son de por si bastante malos, ocultan niveles falls most heavily on certain groups. Women in gen- blement bas parmi les elements les plus pauvres de la abismalmente bajos de esperanza de vida e instruc- eral are disadvantaged. ln poor households they often societe. Cela est da au fait que le poids de la pauvrete ci6n entre los miembros mas pobres de la sociedad. shoulder more of the workload than men, are less se fait plus lourdement sentir sur certaines categories Esto se debe a que el peso de la pobreza recae con educated, and have less access to remunerative activ- de population. Les femmes, en general, sont defavo- mayor fuerza en ciertos grupos. En general, la situa- ities. Children, too, suffer disproportionately, and the risees. Dans les menages pauvres, leur charge de tra- cion de las mujeres es desventajosa; en los hogares future quality of their lives is compromised by inade- vail est souvent superieure a celle des hommes, elles pobres. con frecuencia soportan una carga de trabajo quate nutrition, health care, and education. This is sont moins instruites et elles ont moins facilement mayor que los hombres y tienen un nivel de educa- especially true for girls, whose primary enrollment acces a des activites remuneratrices. Les enfants, eux ci6n mas bajo y menos acceso a actividades remune- rates are less than 60 percent in many African aussi. sont proportionnellement plus touches et radoras. Tambien los nifios sufren enormemente y la countries. l'insuffisance de nutrition, de soins de sante et d'edu- calidad futura de sus vidas peligra a causa de niveles The essential task of development is to provide cation dont ils souffrent compromet la qualite future deficientes de nutrici6n, atenci6n de salud y educa- opportunities so that these people, and the hundreds de leur vie. Ceci est surtout vrai des filles, dont les ci6n. Esto es asi especialmente en el caso de las of millions not much better off, can reach their taux de scolarisation primaire n'atteignent pas 60 % ninlas; en muchos paises africanos, las tasas de matri- potential. dans beaucoup de pays d'Afrique. cula primaria femenina son de menos de 60%. Donner a ces populations pauvres et aux centaines Proporcionar oportunidades a fin de que esas per- de millions d'etres humains qui ne sont guere mieux sonas -y los cientos de millones cuya situaci6n no lotis la possibilite de se realiser pleinement. telle est es mucho mejor- puedan hacer realidad todo su la tache essentielle du developpement. potencial es la empresa esencial del desarrollo. T'he people Population Total 1nfan Female Populaion Total infan Female L4e, fertility mortlity Child mial- Prnmay labor Life fertility moriality Child mal- Primary labor Growth elpectancy rate rate nutrition la school Illiteracy force Growth mpecaney rate rote nustrition, la school Illiteracy force rate at birth (births per (per 1000 (% under- enrollment rate lb (% of rate at birth (births per (per 1000 (% under- enrvllment rate lb (% of (00) (% p.o.) (years) woman) live births) weight) (% net) (%) total) (000) (% pao.) (years) woman) live births) weight) (% net) (% total) Economy 1994 1985-94 1993 1993 1993 1985-93 1992 1990 1994 Economy 1994 1985-94 1993 1993 1993 1985.93 1992 1990 1994 Afghanstn18.879 2.9 44 6.8 361 . .. 71 9 Dominican Republic 7.684 2.1 70 3.0 40 10 .. 17 16 Albania 3.414 1.6 72 2.8 29 .. . . 41 Ecuado 1.220 223 69 3.4 49 17 .. 14 19 Algeria 27,325 2.5 67 3.8 53 9 90 43 10 Egypt. AmrbfRep 57.556 2.0 64 3.8 64 9 .. 52 II1 A. timSamoua 53 3.3 .. . . . . . . El Salvador 5.641 1.9 67 4.0 45 16 70 27 25 Andofra 64 4.2 .. . . . . . . EquatoriGalGina 389 2.5 48 5.8 115 ... 50 40 Angola 10.674 3.2 47 7.1 122 20 .. 58 38 Eritres .. . .. .. c .. c Antigua ad Barbuds 65 0.5 .. . . . . . . Estonia 1,541 0.0 69 1.6 16 ..81 .. 49 Argentin 34.180 1.4 72 2.7 24 . .. 5 29 Ethiopia Ic 53.435 2.9 48 6.9 117 47 28 .. 37 Armeniat 3.773 1.5 73 2.6 21 . . 3 . Faeroe Islands 47 0.2...... Aruba 69 1.1. . .. . . . .. . Fij i 771 1.4 72 2.9 2..99 15 2i1 Ausunalia 17.841 3.5 78 1.9 7 .. 98 t 38 Finland 5.083 0.4 76 1.9 5 ... 47 Austria 7.915 0.5 76 3.5 7 .. 91 * 40 France 57,726 0.5 77 1.7 7 .. 100 40 Azeraijan 7.472 1.3 71 2.5 28 . .. 3 . French Guiana 140 4.8. .... Bahamas.TIhe 272 1.7 73 2.0 22 .. 00 . 33 Frenh Polynesia 215 2.4 70 3.2" 17 . .. 27 BahraLin 54 3. 72 3.7 18s . 85 23 10 Gabon 1.035 1.8 54 5.4 92 25 .. 39 37 Bangladesh 117,787 2.0 56 4.3 106 68 69 65 8 Gambua. The 1.081 4.1 45 5.5 130 20 56 73 40 Barbados 261 0.3 75 1.8 9 to10o . 47 Georgia 5.450 0.4 73 2.3 1 9 I. - Belaru 10.163 0.2 70 1.7 1 6 . .. 2 .. Germany /d 81.141 0.5 76 1.3 6 .. 89 t 39 Belgiuim 10.080 0.2 76 1.7 6 .. 95 33 Ghan 16,944 3.1 56 5.9 79 36 .. 40 39 Belize 210 2.6 74 4.1 32 .. . . 25 Greece 10,408 0.5 78 1.4 10 .. 94 7 27 Benin 5,246 3.0 48 7.0 85 35 45 77 47 Greenland 58 0.9...... Bermuda 63 1.2 .. . . . . . . Grenada 92 0.2... Bbutan 675 . .. . .. . .. 62 31 Guadeloupe 420 1.9 75 2.3 12 .. 44 Bolivia 7,237 2.2 160 4.7" 73" 11 81' 23 26 Guam 147 2.3A 76 3.2 8 .. 27 Bosni and Herzgovina .. . . . . . . . . GuatemaLLa 10.322 2.9 65 5.3 46 29 45 IS Botawana 1.443 3.3 65 4.8 42 15 96 26 34 Guinea 6.501 2.9 45 6.9 132 1 8 26 76 39 Brazil 159,143 1.8 67 2.8 57 7 86 19 28 Guimea-Bissa 1.050 2.1 44 5.7 138 ... 64 40 Bunmei 279 2.3 75 3.0 8 .. 93 .. 35 Guyana 825 0.5 65 2.5 47 3 ..4 25 Bulgaria 8.818 .0.2 7 1 1.5 14 .. 80 .. 47 Ifad 7.035 2.0 57 4.8 84 .. 26 47 4!1 Burkina Faso 10,046 2.7 47 6.4 12 46 30 82 45 Honduras 5,493 3.0 68 4.8 431 2 1 93 27 20 Bumundi 6,20)9 3.0 50 6.7 301 3 1 5 1 50 47 Hong Kog 5.833 0.7 79 1.2 7 ... 12 34 Cambodia 9,968 3.1 52 5.2 113 . .. 65 37 Hungry 10.161 -0.4 69 1.7 15 . 8,6 .. 45 Cameroon 12,811 2.8 56 5.6 61 14 76 46 33 Iceland 266 1.1 78 2.2 5 ... 43 Canada 29.121 1.3 78 1.9 7 .. 100 * 40 India 913,6010 2.0 61 3.7 80 63 .. 52 25 Cape Verde 381 2.3 65 4.2 48 15 95 .. 29 Indonesia 189.907 1.6 63 2.8 56 46 917 23 3 1 Caymanlslanda 30 3.9 .. . m . . .. . 1 lIslamic Rep. 65.758 3.3 68 4.9 35 . 98 46 19 CentralAfrican Republic 3,235 2.4 49 5.6 101 .. 56 62 45 Iraq 19,951 2.9 66 5.6 56 .78 40 23 Chad 6.183 2.3 48 5.8 120 35 .. 70 23 Imeland 3.543 0.0 75 21 7 90 t 30 ChannelIslands 147 0.9 .. . . . . . . IsleOf Mmn 73 1.5... Cbile 14,044 1.7 74 2.5 3 6 3 83 7 29 iarael 5.420 2.7 77 2.8 9 5 34 China 1.190,918 1.4 69 2.0 30 24 96 27 43 Italy 57.154 0.1 77 1.3 8 -. 3 32 Colombia 36,330 2.2 69 2.6 36 3 0 83 1 3 22 Jamaica 2.496 0.9 74 2.3 14 7 100 2 46 Comoros 485 2.7 56 6.0 92 .. . . 40 Japan 124.782 0.4 79 1.5 4 .. 10 * 38 Congo 2,516 3.0 5 1 6.2 84 24 .. 43 39 Jordan 4.217 5.2 70 5.1 26 6 99 20 1 1 Costa Rica 3.304 2.5 76 3.1 14 2 91 7 22 -Kazakstin 17,027 0.8 70 2.5 29 3 ..- C6ecd'lvoire 13.780 3.6 5 1 7.3 9 1 12 52 46 34 Kenya 26,017 2.9 58 5.2 61 22 3 1 39 Croatia 4.780 0.7 7 1 1.7 9 . .. . .. Kiribati 77 3.5 ... .10 Cuba 10.951 0.9 75 1.8 12 5 97 6 32 Kom aDem. Rep. 23,472 1.8 71 2.3 24 .. 46 Cyprus 734 1.1 77 2.5 9 98 .. 36 Kora. Rep. 44.56 1.0 71 1.7 1 1 .. 00 * 34 Czech Republic 10,295 0.0 731 1.8 9 . . 45 Kuwait 1.651 -0.5 75 3.1 17 .. 45 27 16 Demnwak 5,173 0.1 75 1.7 7 .. 95 ± 45 Kyrgz Republic 4.667 1.7 69 3.6 34 ...3 Djibouti 566 4.1 49 5.7 113 .. 34 .. 40 LAO PDR 4.742 3.1 5 1 6.6 95 41 59 56 4-4 Dominica 7 1 -0.2 .. ._ _._ _5 .. . Latvia 2.583 .0] 69 1.6 14 ..82 .. 47 Not available. t According to UNESCO. ilWteracy is les than 5%. Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified; the number 0 or 0.0 means zero or less than halg the unit shown and not known more precisely. Population Total Infans FemaLe Popularion Total inf- Female Life fertility morudity Child mal- Primary labor Ufe fertility mortality Child nwi- Priffwry Labor Growth expectancy rate rate nutHrion la school lUiteracy force Growth eVectancy rate rate nutrition la school Illiteracy force rate at birth (births per (per 1000 (% under- enroUment rate lb (% of rate ar birth (births per (per 1000 (% under- enroffinent rate lb (% of (000) (% pa.) (years) woman) live births) weight) (% net) (%) total) (000) (% P-) (years) woman) live births) weight) (% net) M toud) Econa" 1994 1985-94 1993 1993 1993 1985-93 1992 1990 1994 Economy 1994 1985-94 1993 1993 1993 1985-93 1992 1990 1994 Lebawn 3,930 2.7 69 3.0 33 20 27 Rwanda 7,750 2.7 47 6.4 109 29 67 50 47 Lesotho 1,996 2.7 61 5.1 77 27 70 26 42 SL KitLs and Nevis 41 -0.5 Liberia 2,941 3.2 56 6.7 123 61 30 SL Lucia 145 1.7 Libya 5= 3.6 64 6.3 66 36 10 SL Vincent III 0.9 Liechtmtm 31 1.4 Sio ToffA and Principe 125 2.1 67 25 17 3S lithuania 3.706 0.4 70 1.8 13 49 Saudi ArabijL 17,499 3.6 70 6.3 28 64 38 8 LUXCU"Urg 401 1.0 76 1.7 7 3 1 Scncgal 8,102 I 7 50 6.0 67 20 48 62 9 Macao 395 3.7 43 Seychenes 73 1.3 6 Macedonia. FYR /c 2,093 1.1 72 2.0 26 Sicrra Leone 4.587 2.5 39 6.4 164 79 Madig- 13,101 3.0 57 6.0 93 39 64 20 38 Singapore 2,819 1.1 75 1.7 6 loo 14 1 Malawi 10,943 4.5 45 7.1 142 27 48 59 40 Slovak Republic 5.333 0.4 71 1.9 12 46 Malaysia 19,498 2.5 71 3.5 13 21 22 36 Slovenia 1,995 0.7 73 1-5 8 Maldives 246 3.2 63 6.7 58 22 Solomon Islands 366 3.4 71 5.3 26 37 Mali 9,524 2.8 46 7.0 157 25 19 68 16 Somalia 9,077 1.6 47 6.9 120 82 38 Malts 364 0.6 76 23 9 99 16 24 South Africa 41,591 2.4 63 4.0 52 36 MarsW Islands 52 3.0 9 Spain 39,551 0.3 78 1.2 7 loo 25 Martinique 375 1.1 76 2.0 8 44 Sri I nk, 18,125 1.3 72 2.4 17 37 loo F2 27 Mauritania 2,217 2.5 52 5.3 99 30 66 23 Sudan 27,361 2.7 53 5.7 77 73 23 Mainitiw 1,104 0.9 71 2.3 17 24 89 17 27 sunname 418 1.1 70 2.6 27 100 5 30 Mayotte 105 Swaziland 906 3.4 58 4.8 73 91 32 38 Mexico 91,859 2.2 71 3.1 35 14 100 1 3 27 Sweden 8,735 0.5 78 71 5 too t 45 Ncronesia, Fed. Sts. W7 1.8 27 switzerfam 7.127 1.0 78 1.6 6 96 t 36 Moldova 4,420 0-5 67 2.1 25 4 Syrian Arab Repubtic 14,171 3.5 68 5.8 38 97 36 19 Monaco 32 1.3 Tajiidstan 5,933 2.9 70 4.8 47 2 Mongolia 2,363 2.4 64 15 58 46 Tanzma 28,846 3.1 52 5.8 84 28 50 1 47 MO[Occo 26.488 2.2 64 3.6 66 9 59 5 1 22 TbaitmW 58,718 1.6 69 2.1 36 1 3 7 44 Mozambique 16,614 2.0 46 6.4 146 42 67 47 Togo 4,010 3.1 55 6.5 83 24 76, 57 36 My 45,555 2.1 58 4.1 82 32 1 9 36 Tonga 98 0.8 Namibia 14W 2.7 59 5.2 59 8 1 . . 24 Trinidad and Tobago 1,292 1.2 72 2.4 18 6 8 4" 30" Nepal 21,360 2.6 54 5.3 % 50 61 74 33 Tunisia 8,815 2.3 68 3.1 42 8 100 35 25 Netherlands 15,391 0.7 77 L6 7 95 t 30 Turkey 60,771 2.1 67 3.3 62 100 1 9 34 Netherlands Antales 197 0.9 73 2.1 19 Turkmenistan 4,010 2.4 65 3.9 56 2 New Caledonia (78 1.6 72 2.7 21 Uganda 18,592 2.5 45 77 114 23 52 40 Naw ZeaLkad 3.531 0.9 76 2,2 9 100 t 35 Ukraine 51.465 0.1 69 1.6 16 2 Nic-g- 4,275 3.1 67 4.9 51 1 2 so 27 United Arab ales i,a55 3.3 74 4.2 18 100 7 Niga 8,846 3-2 47 7.3 122 49 25 72 46 Unitod Kingdom 58,088 0.3 76 1.8 7 97 t 39 Nigeria 10`7,900 2.9 5 1 6.4 83 43 49 3.4 United Smtes 260,529 1.0 76 2.1 9 98 t 41 Nordbem Manana Is. 46 Uruguay 3,167 0.6 72 2.3 19 7 93 4 32 Ncrway 4,318 0.4 77 1.9 8 99 42 Uzbeidstan 22,349 2.3 69 3.8 40 3 Oman 2,073 4.4 70 7.1 29 95 9 Vanuatu 165 2 5 66 4.6 45 30 Pakistan 126,2P 2.8 62 6.1 88 40 6.5 13 Vcnczucla 21,378 2.5 72 3.2 23 6 91 8 28 Panama 2,585 2.0 73 2.8 24 7 92 12 28 Viet Nam 72,500 1) 1 65 3.8 41 42 12 47 PMa New Guinea 4,205 2.2 56 5.0 67 72 48 35 Virgin lshmds (U.S.) 104 0.6 pamg-y 4,830 3.0 70 4.2 37 4 98 10 2 1 Weg Bank and Gaza 2,063 41 Peru 23.331 2.0 66 3.3 63 11 95 1 5 24 Westem Samoa 169 30 Philippines 66,188 2.1 67 3.9 42 33 Wi 10 31 Yemn, Rep. 13,973 4.1 5 1 7.5 117 30 62 14 Poland 39,341 0.3 7 1 1.9 15 96 46 Yugoslavia. Fed- Rep. 10,70`7 0.9 72 2.0 20 7 39 Portugal 9,832 -0.1 75 1.6 to loo 15 37 Zaire 42.552 3.3 52 6.6 92 25 28 35 Pucrto Rioo 3,645 0.9 75 2.2 1 1 29 zambift 9,1% 3.3 48 5.9 103 27 81 27 30 Qatar 537 4.5 72 4-.3 19 88 24_ 8 Zimbabwe I I,OD2 3.0 53 4.9 67 10 33 34 Reunion 643 1.7 74 2.3 8 3.4 Ronumin 22,736 0.2 70 1.5 23 78 47 Russian Fedemtion 149-W 0.5 57 I's 21 2 a- Mainutntion dam refer to any yea from 1985 to 1993. b. Iffiteracy figums in italics refer to 1985. d- Data for scboDi enrollment and iUituacy refer to the former Federal Republic of Germany. c. Scbool ewoflment and feauk labor force data fbr Eritrea are m yet disaggmpted and are includod in Ethiopia. e. Fomwr Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Population growth rate, Taux de croissance de la Tasa de crecimiento de la 1985-94 population, 1985-94 poblaci6n, 1985-94 The average annual percentage change in a Taux moyen annuel de variation de la La variaci6n porcentual anual media del country's population. The absolute change in a population. La variation absolue au cours nu'mero de habitantes de un pais. La variaci6n year is the sum of births and immigrants minus d'une annee est egale a la sonrme des absoluta en un aho es la suma de los the sum of deaths and emigrants. naissances et du nombre d'immigrants, moins nacimientos y los inmigrantes menos la suma la somme des deces et du nombre d 6migrants. de las defunciones y los emigrantes. . - j ~~~change \4 , - s More than 3.0% D 2.2%- 3.0% [21.5% -2.1% 1 Y)° XvL [1.0% -1.4% r E Less than 1.0% C 0 No data Population GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies growth rate, Number of (USSOOO,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different population growth with different population growth rates 1985-94 economies 1994 1994 1994 rates More than 3.0% 34 420,000 299 1,410 2.2% - 3.0% 56 1,169,000 899 1,300 L, 1.5% - 2.1% 34 1,906,000 1.885 1,010 . 1.0% - 1.4% 22 9,223,000 1,622 5,680 L Less than 1.0% 56 13,069,000 892 14,660 No data 7 6.000 7 870 0 8s000 16,000 24.000 Life expectancy at birth, Esperance de vie a la naissance, Esperanza de vida al nacer, 1993 1993 1993 The average number of years a newborn baby Nombre moyen d'annees que vivrait un El numero de afios que vivirfa un recien would live if patterns of mortality prevailing nouveau-nd si les tendances de la mortalitd nacido, en promedio. si las tendencias de for all people at the time of its birth were to observees pour l'ensemble de la population au mortalidad prevalecientes para toda la stay the same throughout its life. moment de sa naissance restaient inchangees poblaci6n en el momento de su nacimiento se tout au long de son existence. mantuvieran constantes durante toda su vida. * Years Less than 55 V, ' - ' - - i 55 - 64 G 65-69 D 70-74 a * 75 or more i S 9 I Nodata GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies Life expectancy Number of (US$000.000) (000.000) capita (US$) economies with different life expectancies with different life expectancies at birth at birth, 1993 economies 1994 1994 1994 at birth Less than 55 36 145,000 514 280 - 55 - 64 24 819,000 1,626 500 , 65 - 69 33 2,459,000 2,097 1,170 El 70 - 74 47 1,760.000 482 3,650 III] 75 or more 37 20,332,000 854 23.810 No data 32 278,000 30 9.220 0 5.,0o 16,000 24o000 GIVP er capita (USS, 1994 ------ Total fertility rate, 1993 Indice synthetique de fecondite, 1993 Tasa de fecundidad total, 1993 The number of children a woman will bear Nombre d'enfants auquel une femme donnera El numero de hijos que una mujer tendrd during her lifetime, given prevailing age- naissance pendant son existence. calcule sur la durante su vida. dadas las tasas prevalecientes specific fertility rates. base des taux observes de fecondite par age. de fecundidad especifica por edades. Births per woman .''... 5 ormore r te, 1993 e on s 14 1999 1 3.0-. 3.9 25 1.294.000 1.45 890-3 2 2.0-2.9 4 9 Less than 2 37 2 No data 98 6. GNP Populationi GNP per Average GiVP per capita of groups of Shares of world population livinig in economnies Total fertility Ntumber of (US$000. 000) (000.000) capita ( US$) economies with different fertility rates with different fertility rates rate, 1993 economies 1994 1994 1994 5 or more 55 493,000 787 630 l 4.0 -4.9 19 347,000 328 1.060 -_ 3.0 - 3.9 25 1,294.000 1.452 890 F r 2.0 - 2.9 40 9,140,000 2.081 4,390 --.;s S/ Less than 2 37 14.242,000 926 15,380 |.- No data 33 278.0()0 30 9.180 ) 8.ooo 16.000 -1400 ODD:~: Infant mortality rate, 1993 Taux de mortalite infantile, 1993 Tasa de mortalidad infantil, 1993 The number of deaths of children under one year Nombre de deces d'enfants de moins d'un El ndmero de defunciones de nifios de menos of age per thousand live births in a given year. an pour mille naissances vivantes au cours de un aiio de edad en un ano determinado, por d'une annee donn6e. cada un mil nacidos vivos. JIJ Deathis per 1.000 live births * More than 150 1J91150J 31-90 211 -30 * 0 or less i No data .. ., Infant GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of I Shares of world population living in econzomies mortalitv Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different infant mortality with different infant mortality rates rate, 1993 economies 1994 1994 1994 rates More than 150 3 8,000 33 240 91 - 150 30 113,000 424 270 31 - 90 58 2.538.000 2.483 1,020 11 - 30 51 2.547,000 1.784 1.430 / lO or less 36 20.313.000 852 23.850 _/ _ _ No data 31 274.000 28 9.750 0 8.000 16.000 24.-00 GNP 'er ca,wia (LISS). 1994 Child malnutrition, 1985-93 Malnutrition chez les enfants, 1985-93 Malnutrici6n en la niiiez, 1985-93 The percentage of children less than five years Pourcentage des enfants de moins cinq ans El porcentaje de ninos de menos de cinco anios old who are significantly underweight. dont le poids est sensiblement inferieur a la de edad que presentan muy bajo peso. normale. '0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Y b : i:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Percetge'C-/v'',, 0 -. ~~~~underweight j, . i'vlt' 40% or more 20% -29% '/' " D10% 19% Less than 10% E No data Child GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies malnutrition, Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different levels of with different levels of child malnutrition 1985-93 economies 1994 1994 1994 child malnutrition 40% or more 11 590,000 1,626 360 30% - 39% 10 106.000 194 550 20%7 - 29% 20 779,000 1.410 550 _ _ 10% -19% 16 671,000 292 2.290 Less than 10% 18 846.000 349 2.430 No data 134 22.802.000 1.732 13.160 0 8 000 16'(00 24.000 Illiteracy rate, 1990 Taux d'analphabetisme, 1990 Tasa de analfabetismo, 1990 The percentage of the population age 15 or Le pourcentage des jeunes ages d'au moins El porcentaje de la poblaci6n de 15 afios o mas older who cannot read and write a short simple 15 ans incapables de lire et d'ecrire un expose que no es capaz de leer ni escribir un relato statement about everyday life. simple et bref de faits en rapport avec la vie breve y sencillo sobre la vida cotidiana. quotidienne. L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4m 0% -39% 1- 4\ . 71 10% - 39 g 5% - 1917c i - _ - Less tha n 5r e El No data % GNP pups of Sares of world population living in economieS Illiteracy Number of (USSOOO.OOO) (000,000) capita (IJS$) economi es with different illiteracy levels with different illiteracy levels rate, 1990 economies 1994 1994 1994 1 60% or more 23 133,000 431 310 o more 40 - 59% 22 634,000 1,349 4704 20% - 39% 26 1,180.000 3,583 7501% 5% -19% 32 2,823,000 830 3.400 Less than . 37 20.209.000 1,095 18h450 % Nodata data13.000 314 2.590 1 o 8.000 16.() 24.000 N%ormatao69r813e000 314 21590GNP per 3ap30 0 USS). 1994 Female labor force, 1994 Les femmes dans la population active, Fuerza de trabajo femenina, 1994 1994 The percentage of women in the labor force. Le pourcentage des femmes dans la population El porcentaje de mujeres en la fuerza laboral. active. Share of total . laborfowte Less than 20% Li20% -24% j25% -29% 30% -39% E 40% -49% E No data GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies Female labor Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different levels of female with different levels of female participation in the force, 1994 economies 1994 1994 1994 participation in the laborforce laborforce Less than 20% 20 592,000 514 1.150 20% - 24% 14 220,000 158 1,390 25% - 29% 23 2,268,000 1.341 1,690 30% - 39% 58 11,353.000 1,295 8.770 40% - 49% 47 10,500,000 1,971 5.330 _=- No data 47 860.000 323 2.660 0 R.;00 16.000 24'000 , V- 1~~~~994 The economy L'economie Economia Developing countries are growing in importance in Les pays en developpement occupent une place de Los paises en desarrollo estan cobrando mayor the world economy, partly due to their increasing plus en plus importante dans 1'economie mondiale, importancia en la economia mundial debido, en integration in global trade and finance during the leur integration aux echanges commerciaux et finan- parte, a su creciente integraci6n al comercio y las 1990s. Among low-income economies, China and ciers internationaux s'etant notamment accrue durant finanzas mundiales en el decenio de 1990. De los pai- India have emerged as two of the world's leading les annees 90. Parmi les economies a faible revenu, la ses de ingreso bajo, China e India han surgido como industrial producers and exporters. The share of glo- Chine et l'Inde ont pris place au rang des tout pre- dos de los principales productores industriales y' bal GNP of the low- and middle-income economies miers producteurs industriels et exportateurs du exportadores. En 1994 la participaci6n de los paises exceeded 20 percent in 1994. That share doubles if monde. En 1994, la part des economies a revenu de ingreso bajo y mediano en el PNB mundial super6 purchasing power parities (PPPs) of national curren- faible ou interm6diaire dans le PNB mondial a depasse el 20%. Esta proporci6n se duplica si se tienen en cies are taken into account. les 20 %. Ce pourcentage double si l'on tient compte cuenta las paridades de poder adquisitivo (PPA) de Globally, in 1994 real per capita income increased de la parite des pouvoirs d'achat (PPA) des monnaies las monedas nacionales. by about I percent after three years of continuous nationales. A nivel mundial, en 1994 el ingreso per capita real decline. The average per capita income of the low- Dans l'ensemble, le revenu reel par habitant a aument6 un I% despues de haber experimentado una and middle-income economies, excluding the former augmente d'environ I % en 1994, apres avoir conti- baja constante durante tres afhos. El ingreso medio Soviet Union (FSU), rose by 2.5 percent, with large nuellement baisse pendant trois ans. Abstraction faite per capita de los paises de ingreso bajo y mediano, gains prevalent in Asia, especially in China. High- de l'ex-Union sovietique, le revenu moyen par habi- sin incluir a la antigua Uni6n Sovietica, aument6 income economies grew, at about 2 percent, but the tant des economies a revenu faible ou intermediaire a 2,5%, registrandose incrementos importantes princi- FSU economies declined by nearly 15 percent. augmente de 2,5 %, avec de fortes ameliorations en palmente en Asia, en especial en China. En los paises Although in real terms the income gap between Asie, particulierement en Chine. Les economies a de ingreso alto, el crecimiento fue de un 2%, pero en high- and low-income economies narrowed slightly revenu eleve ont progresse d'environ 2 %, mais las rep6blicas de la antigua Uni6n Sovietica baj6 casi in 1994, and is somewhat smaller when incomes are celles issues de l'ex-Union sovietique ont decline de 15%. measured in PPP terms, it remains wide. For many pres de 15 %. Si bien la diferencia de ingresos entre los paises de low-income economies, poverty remains a persistent Bien que l'ecart de revenu entre economies a ingreso alto y bajo se redujo un poco en 1994 y su problem. Maintained levels of investment in many revenu eleve et economies a faible revenu se soit magnitud disminuye un tanto si los ingresos se miden low- and middle-income economies, together with legerement resserre, en valeur reelle, en 1994, et en terminos de la PPA, dicha diferencia sigue siendo low inflation in industrial countries, strong world semble un peu moins prononce si l'on mesure les considerable. En muchos paises de ingreso bajo, la trade growth, relatively low interest rates, and a con- revenus en termes de parite des pouvoirs d'achat. il pobreza sigue siendo un problema. Los niveles soste- tinuation of private capital flows to developing coun- reste important. Pour beaucoup d'economies a faible nidos de inversi6n registrados en muchos paises de tries, suggest that the prospects for short-term revenu, la pauvrete reste un problme persistant. ingreso bajo y mediano, unidos a la baja de la tasa de economic growth for many developing economies Mais le maintien des niveaux d'investissement dans inflaci6n en los paises industriales, el gran creci- are favorable. bon nombre d'economies a revenu faible ou interm& miento del comercio mundial, tasas relativamente diaire, venant s'ajouter au faible niveau d'inflation bajas de interes y la constancia del flujo de capital dans les pays industriels, a la forte croissance des privado hacia los paises en desarrollo, indican que las echanges mondiaux, au niveau relativement faible perspectivas de crecimiento econ6mico a corto plazo des taux d'interet et a la poursuite des apports de para muchos paises en desarrollo son favorables. capitaux prives aux pays en developpement, donne a penser que les perspectives economiques a court terme de bien des pays en developpement sont favorables. T'he economy GNP/la _ gNP per_capita _ __Share of GDP GNP/la GNP per capita Share of GDP (mdillions Real PPP.'b Average (Mifiions Real PPPTh Average Of growth Intl. inflation Agriculture Exports Investment Of growth I.ntL inflation Agriculture Exports Investment US$) UJS$-la US$Sla rate (%) dollars rate(%) (5 (5 (5 UJS$) US$Sla US$Sla rate (%) dollars rate (S) (5 (5 (5 Economy 1994 1993 1994 1985-94 1994 1985-94 1994 1994 1994 Economy 1994 1993 1994 1985-94 1994 1985-94 1994 1994 1994 Afghamistan . . c - .. ... ... Dominican Republic 10.109 1,23 1.320 2.1 3,790 28.8 IS5 24 2 Alban.ia 1.229 340 360 -6.0 .. 32.7 55 1 2 1 3 Ecuador 14,703 1,200 1.310 1.0 4.380 47.5 12 26 2 1 Algenia 46.115 1.770 1.690 -2.4 5.330 d 22.3 12 23 33 Egyp. Arab Rep. 40,950 660 710 1.6 3.610 16.4 20 22 American Samioa .. . . . .. - . ElSalvador 8,365 1.320 1,480 1.6 2.510 16.2 9 1 3 Andorra .. f . .. .- . .. Equatorial Guinea ____167 420 430 1.6 .. 2.1 50 55 2 Angola .. . -0.9 .. 5.9 U Euitrea .. - . .. 13 - Antigua and Barbuda 453 6,540 6,970 2.7 .. 4.4 4 Estoniaibh 4.351 2,720 2.820 -6.4 .. 78.1 10 70 32 Argentin 275,657 7,270 8,060 1.9 8,920 317.2 6 7 20 Ethiopia 6.947 170 130 -0.6 410 5.6 57 1 1 IL Armenia /h 2,532 670 670 -12.9 2.170 133.7 50 39 1 0 Pswroe Lalandas. . f . .. Aruba _____ ____ . . f 6.2 . 4.5 . Fiji 1.785 2,180 2,320 2.0 5.590 d 5.3 18 _ 57 Australia 320.705 17,490 17,980 1.2 19.000 4.1 3 19 20 Fminand 95.817 19.400 18,850 -0.3 16.390 4.2 5 33 14 Austria 197,475 23.500 24.950 2.3 20.230 3.2 2 38 25 France 1.355.039 22,490 23.470 1.7 19.820 2.9 2 23 1s Azerbaijan lb 3.730 660 500 -12.2 1.720 122.8 27 55 23 French Guiana . .. e . .. Bahamas, The 3,207 11,740 11.790 -0.7 15,250 d 3.3 .. . . FrenichPolyniesia . . f ...... Bahrain 4.114 8.030 7.500 -0.9 12,070 d 0.3 1 _107 28_ Gabon 3.669 4.950 3,550 -2.3 .. 3.2 8 62 2 Bangladesh 26.636 220 230 2.1 1,350 6.6 30 12 14 Gambui, Tbe 384 350 360 0.5 1, 150 d 10.9 28 .54 11 Barbados 1.704 6,260 6,530 .0. 1 10,760 d 2.8 5 49 13 Georgial .h 580 c -18.6 1.160 233.9 34 37 Belaruslh 21.937 2.850 2,160 .1.7 5.010 137.8 1 7 46 35 G-ray 20542 23.980 25.580 1.9 19.89 2.9 1 22 2 Belgium 231.051 21.650 22,920 2.3 20.450 3.2 2 69 18 Ghana 7.311 430 430 1.4 2,020 d 28.4 46 25 Ii( Belize 535 2.500 2,550 5.3 .. 3.5 19 57 31 Giwm 80.194 7,480 7,710 1.3 11.400 15.5 16 22 11 Benin 1.954 430 370 -0.8 1,660 2.9 34 27 20 Greenland .. . ' . .. Bermuda - 27,720 f -1.2 .. 5.3 .. .. . Grenada 241 2,490 2,620 3.9 .. 4.5" 13 50 Bhutan 272 400 400 . .. 8.2 4) 35 28 Guadeloupe .. - e .. .. Bolivia 5,601 760 770 1.9 2.520 20.1 U 17 15 Guam .. . . .. Bosnia and Herzegovina . .. c . . .. . .. Guatemala 12.237 1,100 1.190 0.9 3.490 19.5 25 19 1 Botswana 4.037 2.790 2.800 6.6 5.320 11.8 5 61 41 Guinea 3,310 500 510 1.2 .. 185 24 20 - j. Brazil. 536.309 2.930 3,370 -0.4 5.630 913.0 U 7 1 6 Guinea-Biasau 253 240 240 1.9 9004d 66.0 45 19 2' Brunei 3,975 14,530 14,24 -1.5 .. 0.2 3 .. Guyan 434 430 530 0.3 2.000 d 56.4 36 77 1' Bulgaria 10,255 1.170 1,160 -3.2 4,2304d 41.7 12 54 20 Haiti 1.542 280 220 -5.0 9304d 13.4 42 4 Burkina Faso 2,982 300 300 -0.2 7704d 1.7 U 12 22 Hondura 3,162 600 580 -0.1I 1,900 12.4 20 4 1 2' Bunmdi 904 180 150 - 1.0 5804d 5.2 51 15 1 1 HongCKng ri 126.286 19.010 21,650 5.3 23,080 9.0 0 139 3 Cambodia -- .. c I. . U U H-ugury 39.009 3.520 3,840 -0.9 6,310 19.5 7 29 2. Cameroon 8,735 820 680 -6.6 1.970 1.1 32 29 14 Iceland 6,545 24.900 24,590 0.3 18.900 13.2 11 33 it Canada 569,949 19.960 19,570 0.4 21.320 3.1 U 30 18 India 278.739 290 310 2.9 1,290 9.7 30 12 2. Cape Verde 3.46 920 910 1.8 1,850 d 7.2 13 16 45 Indonesia 167.632 810 880 6.0 3,690 8.9 17 25 2 Cayman Islands .. . f h. . .. .. rim.lslamicRep. - . g -1.0 4,650 22.0 2 1 30 2 Cenatl African Republkc 1,191 400 370 -2.8 1,060 d 3.5 50 22 1 3 Ira .. . .. .. Chad 1,153 210 190 0.9 7404d 1.8 44 13 9 Ireland 48,27.5 13,010 13.630 5.2 14,550 2.0 8 68 1 Channelisliandsa - f .. . ... . . lae ofMan - . e .....- Chile 50.051 3.170 3,560 6.2 9,060 18.5 I 28 27 Isaiel 78,113 13,880 14.410 2.5 15,690 18.0 U 3 1 2 China 630,202 490 530 6.9 2.510 9.6 1 9 26 43 Itay 1,101,258 19.840 19,270 1.8 18.610 6.2 3 23 I', Colombia 58.935 1,390 1.620 1.9 5,970 25.1 16 1 7 24 Jama%c 3,553 1.400 1.420 1.7 2.970 28.3 8 58 3 Comoros 249 570 510 -1.3 1. 1304d 3.5 37 1 8 2 1 lapin 4,321.136 31.360 34,630 3.2 21,350 1.3 2 9 31 Congo 1,607 990 640 -2.7 2.000 -0.3 10 44 16 Jordum 5,849 1,30 1,390 -6.3 4.2904d 7.1 8 49 2' CostaRica 7.856 2.160 2,380 2.8 5,760 18.2 16 40 28 KJazakStan db 18,896 1,410 1.110 -6.5 2.830 150.2 44 28 2. C8te d7voire 7,070 630 510 -5.2 1,340 0.2 41 47 1 3 Kenya 6,643 260 260 0.0 1.350 -11.7 29 38 2 Croatia 12,093 .. 2.530 .. . . I 45 14 Kiribati 56 710 730 - 1.0 .. 5.) 24 Cuba .. . . . .. . . Korea. Dem.Rep. . .. g - . Cyprua. 10.380 f 5.2 .. 4.1 6 47 24 Komea, Rep. 366.484 7,660 8,220 7.8 10,540 6.8" 7 28 3. Czech Republic 33.051 2,710 3,210 .2.1 7.910 1 1.8 6 57 18 Kuwait 31.433 20.140 19,040 -1.3 24,5004 d .0 55 I Denmark 145,384 26,580 28.110 1.3 20.800 2.9 4 34 14 Kyrgyz Republic /h 2.825 850 610 -5.4 1.710 100.9 35 34 31 Djibouti .. 780 g . . 4.4 3 71 13 Lao PDR 1.496 280 320 2.1 .. 24.2 51 21 Dominica _____ 201 2,760 2,830 4.2 .. 4.4 2 1 47 26 Latmaibh 5,920 2,310 2,290 -6.2 5.170 69.9 15 72 Not available. U See ma fuor mnge esunmt. Note: Figures in italics are for yeant Otber tha thos specified; the number 0 or 0.0 means zero or less than half the unit shown and not known more precisely. GNP/la GNP per cap ita Share of GDP GNPIla GNP per capita ---__Share of GDP (millions Real PPP/lb Average -(muillions Real -PPPTh Average Of growth Int. inflation Agriculture Exports Investment Of growth Intl. inflation Agriculture Exports Investment US$) USSIa US$S1a rate (%) dollars rate(%) (% (% (% US$) US$Sla US$la rate (%Y) dollars rate (%Y) M% (% (% EconomFy 1994 1993 1994 1985-94 199.4 1985-94 1994 1994 1994 Economy 1994 1993 1994 1985-94 1994 1985-94 1994 1994 1994 Lebanon .. . . . .. 0 2 Rwanda -- 210 c -... 3.7 417 is! Lesotho 1.398 650 700 0.3 1,720 d 14.1 14 15 86 SL Kius and Nevis 193 4.380 4,760 4.7 9,330 d 5.8 6 8 39 Liberia . .. c . .. -.. . .. St.Lucia 501 3,360 3,450 4.0 .. 3.3 i1 66 25 Libya . .. e . .. ... . .. SL Vincent 235 2,120 2-120 4.4 .. 3.4 § § 8 Liechtenstein . . f . .. ... . .. Sio Tom6 and Principe 3 1 330 250 -2.5 .. 32.2 24 43 51 Lithuania /h 4,992 1.3.40 1.350 -7.8 3,240 102.3 2 1 71 18 Saudi Arabia 126.597 7,570 7,24 -1.2 .. 2.7 8 40 2 Luxembourg 15,973 37.100 39.850 1.3 31,090 5.0 1 86 26 Senegal 4,952 720 610 -0.5 1,660 2.9 1 7 36 1 Macao .. . f . .. 9.3 .. 74 31 Seychelles 453 6,280 6,210 4.5 .. 2.7 4 65 24 Macedonia, FYR rj 1.653 820 790 . .. ... 4 1 1 8 Sierra Leone 698 150 150 -1.9 770 67.8 8 1 7 9 Madagascar 3.058 240 230 -1.7 670 15.7 35 22 1 2 Singapore 65,842 20,130 23,360 6.9 21,430 d 3.9 0 177 /32 Malawi 1,560 200 1.40 -2.0 600 18.8 3 1 29 16 Slovak Repbllc 11.914 1,970 2,23 -3.3 6.660 9.7 7 71F 1 7 Malaysia 68,674 3.140 3,520 5.7 8.610 3.1 14 90 39 Slovenia 14.246 6.680 7,140 - ...5 58 2 1 Maldives 221 820 900 6.5 .. 10.7 . .. 45 Solomnon lslana 291 740 800 1.8 2,040 d 11.2 . Mali 2,421 300 250 0.9 520 3.4 42 22 27 Somalia .. . c -1.2 .. 75.4888 Malta .. 7,970 e 5.3 .. 2.9 3 94 29 South Africa 125.225 2,910 3.010 -1.4 .. 14.2 5 24 1 8 Marshall Lsl.ands 88 1,610 1,680 . .. 5.6 14 . .. Spain 525,334 13,580 13,280 2.7 14,040 6.6 3 19/ 20 Marinque . .. e . .. . . . .. Sri lanka 11,634 600 640 2.8 3,150 11.0 24 34/ 27 Mauritania 1.063 500 480 0.2 1,570 d 7.2 27 43 1 7 Sudan .. - c -0.2 .. 55.3 34 8" 8 Mauritius 3,514 3,040 3,180 5.6 13,130 9.0 9 6 1 32 Suriname 364 1,080 870 0.6 3,680 d 31.7 26 5.' 23 Mayotte - .. e .. . .. . . SWaZiland 1.048 1,190 1,160 -1.3 2.880 12.8 12 70 18 Mexico 368.679 3,730 4,010 0.6 7,050 39.9 8 1 3 24 Swieden 206.419 24,740 23.630 0.0 17,850 5.8 2 33 13 Mficronesia, Fed. Sts. 202 1,840 1,890 . .. 4,5 .. . . Switzerland 264.974 35,750 37.180 0.5 24.390 3.7 8 36 22 Moldoval/h 3,853 1,160 870 .. . . 48 32 8 Syrian Arab Republic - .. £ -2.4 .. 22.1 8 Monaco .. - f .. . .. . . Tajikiatan lb 2.075 410 350 -11.7 1.160 104.3 8 MongoUa 801 320 3.40 -3.3 2,020 d 45.7 2 1 56 21 Tanzania /k - 90 c 1.1 - 23.4 56 31 51 Morocco 30,330 1,020 1,150 1.1 3,440 5.1 2 1 2 1 2 1 Thailaud 129,864 2,110 2,210 8.2 6,870 5.1 1 0 39 40 Mozambique 1,328 90 80 3.5 550 d 53.2 33 23 60 Togo 1,267 360 320 -2.7 1,060 d 3.5 41 32 12 Myanmar - c . .. 25.1 63 2 12 Tongp 160 1.540 1.640 0.1 3,740 d 8.6 36 21 17 Namibia 3.045 1,900 2,030 3.4 3,950 d 10.7 14 53 20 Trinidad andTobtago 4,838 3.830 3,740 -2.3 8.440 d 6-5 3 40 14 Nepal 4,174 190 200 2.2 l,080 d 12.0 43 18 21 Tunisia 15.873 1,740 1,800 1.8 4,960 6.3 15 45 24 Netherlands 338,144 20,950 21,970 1.9 1 8,080 1.6 3 .51 19 Tuft"k 149.002 2,970 2.450 1.5 4.610 65.8 1 6 21 22 Netbwrlands Antiles . . f . . .. . .. Turkmemistan /h .. g -1.5 .. 46.0 § .- I New Caledonia .. - e .. . .. . . Uganda 3,718 190 200 3.0 940 d 75.2 49 8 1 4 New zealan 46,578 12,600 13.190 0.5 16,780 4.7 7 31 21 Ukmaine/lb 80,921 2,210 1,570 -5.1 3,330 160.2 39 20 5 Niaragua 1,395 340 330 -6.4 1,850 1,314,9 30 24 20 United Aab EmixAtes .. 21,420 f 0.2 . .2 68 25 Niger 2.040 270 230 -2.2 800 d 0.2 39 13 6 United Kingdom 1,069,457 18,050 18,410 1.4 18.170 5.4 2 25 15 Nigeria 29.995 280 280 1.2 1,430 29.6 43 22 10 United States 6,737.367 24,780 25.860 1.3 25.860 3.3 2 10 16 Northrn MariamaIs. .. . g . . .. . . Ungtgay 14,725 3,960 4.650 3.0 6.850 73.9 9 18 16 Noray 114,328 25,960 26.480 1.4 21,120 3.0 8 43" 20 Uzbekistan /h 21,142 980 950 -2.4 2,390 92.8 23 .. 24 Oman 10,779 5,320 5,200 0.6 9,MSd 0.1 3 . 1 7 Vmurnu 189 1.150 1,150 -0.9 2,640 d 5.5 8 8 8 Pakistan 55,565 4.40 440 1.6 2,210 8.8 25 16 20 Venezula 59.025 2,840 2,760 0.6 7.890 36.6 2 29 9 Panarma 6,905 2,600 2,670 0.0 6.080 1.5 10 37 24 Viet Nam 13.775 170 190 - .. 102.6 28 23 24 Papua New Guinea 4.857 1.180 1,160 2.1 2,430 d 4.1 28 53 15 Virgin tslids (U.S.) . . f .,.... - - Paraguay 7,606 1,510 1,570 1.0 3,54 26.1 26 27 24 West Buk and Gaa .. .. g. .-. - - Peru 44,110 1,490 1,890 -2.5 3,690 495.3 1 1 9 22 -WesttemSamoa 163 960 970 ... 10.6 40 31 42 Philippines 63,311 850 960 1.8 2,800 9.9 22 35 25 Yetne, Rep. 3,884 280 280 ... . 19 - 12 Poland 94.613 2,25 2,470 0.9 5,380 101.7 6 24 IS5 Yugoslavia. Fed. Rep. .. . g ... Portugal 92,124 8.950 9,370 4.0 12,400 11.9 8 26 26 Zaire . .. c -0.8 ..888 Puerto Rico .. 7,000 e 1.7 .. 2.9 1 . 1 7 Zamnia 3,206 370 350 -1.3 1.000 92.0 3 1 24 9 Qatar 7,810 15,030 14,540 -0.8 .. . . . . Ztbbe5.424 50 40 -0.6 2,040 1971 922 Reunion .. . . . . Romania 27.921 1,150 1,230 -6.2 2,920 63.5 20 26 27 Russian Federation /h 392,496 3,000 2,650 -4.4 5,260 124.0 7 27 28 ___________ a. Atlas medbod,~ b. Purwhasing power parity. mee the intruduwtio and the tcchnical nowes. c. Estimated to be low-income ($725 or hL Estimate for the economiies of the former Soviet Union are preliminary and their clasasification will be kept udrreview. less). d. Obtaned from regression estimates. e. Estimated to he upper-middle-income ($2,896 to $8,955). f. Estimated to be high- i. Reference to GNP relate to GDP. j. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. k. Data cover mainland Tanzania only. income ($8,956 or more). g. Esfimated to be lower-middle-incomne ($726 to $2,895). GNP per capita, 1994 PNB par habitant, 1994 PNB per cipita, 1994 A country's gross national product divided by Produit national brut divise par le nombre El producto nacional bruto de un pais dividido its population. d'habitants. por su ndmero de habitantes. Income group " US dollars t -c*;0 < ;4, $725 or less Lower-miiddle - $726- $2,895 r Upper-middle L $2,896 - $8,955 $8,956 or more .4- * S No data GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies GNP per capita, Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different levels of GNP with different levels of GNP per capita 1994 economies 1994 1994 1994 per capita Low 64 1,251,000 3,178 390 Lower-middle 66 1,818,000 1,100 1,650 Upper-middle 35 2,207,000 476 4,640 __I I I High 44 20.517,000 849 24,170 World 209 25,793,000 5,603 4,600 _ _ 0 8o000 16,000 24,000 GNP per capita growth rate, Taux de croissance du PNB Tasa de crecimiento del PNB per 1985-94 par habitant, 1985-94 capita, 1985-94 The average annual percentage change in a Variation annuelle moyenne, en pourcentage, La variaci6n porcentual anual media del PNB country's real GNP per capita. du PNB reel par habitant. per capita real de un pafs. Average annual \ i, - . * ~~~~Less than 0% 12JlS e - 10% -0.9% 1.0% -1.9% ) 2.0%-29% 29 3.0% or more g No data GNP per capita GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies growth rate, Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different rates of growth of with different rates of growth of GNP per capita 1985-94 economies 1994 1994 1994 GNPper capita Less than 0% 68 1,946.000 1.009 1,930 0% - 0.9% 21 1.702.000 266 6,400 r _ _ _-- 1.0% - 1.9% 33 14,154.000 1.182 11,970 _ . _ __I 2.0% - 2.9% 14 1,380.000 1.155 1.190 I\ 3.0% or more . 28 6,111,000 1.709 3.580 ___ | _ \ _i No data 45 500,000 283 1,770 0 0(00 16.000 24.000 -: GNP per cipifa (USS). 1994 Share of agriculture in GDP, Part de I'agriculture dans le PIB, Proporci6n de la agricultura en el 1994 1994 PIB, 1994 The value added in a country's agriculture Valeur ajoutee du secteur agricole. en El valor agregado en el sector agrfcola de un sector, as a percentage ot gross domestic pourcentage du produit interieur brut. pats como porcentaje del producto interno product. bruto. Share in GDP 30% or more 10% - 19% W6% -9% - *Less than 6o Ii No data - Share of GNP Populai iorn GNP per Average GNP per capita of grouips of Shares of world populationt living in economies agriculture Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different portions of GDP with different portions of GDP coming from in GDP, 1994 economies 1994 1994 1994 comingfrom agriculture agriculture 30% or more 50 590000 1.696 350 20% - 29% 25 407,000 553 740 1 10%-19% 37 21,065000 1.894 1,090 6% - 9% 21 1,993,000 450 4.430 Less than 6% 37 20o287.000 883 22.970 No data 39 451000 127 3,5601 GNP P_rcauiia USS). 1994_____ Share of exports in GDP, 1994 Part des exportations dans le PIB, Proporci6n de las exportaciones 1994 en el PIB, 1994 Exports of goods and nonfactor services as a Exportations de biens et de services non Las exportaciones de bienes y servicios no percentage of gross domestic product. facteurs, en pourcentage du produit interieur atribuibles a factores como porcentaje del brut. producto intemo bruto. Share in GDP . -~ -- , | Less than 10% - 10% -19% " " 20% -24% 25% -34% - * 35% or more t No data GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies Share of exports Nunber of (US$000,000) (000.000) capita (USS) economies with different portions of GDP with different portions of GDP comingfrom in GDP, 1994 econo,nies 1994 1994 1994 comingfrom exports exports Less than IO% 10 5,205,000 448 11.610 10%- 19% 27 8,448,000 1,771 4,770 20% - 24% 24 5.270,000 780 6,760 I I 25% - 34% 32 4,233,000 2,015 2,100 1 35% or more 70 2.129.000 414 5.140 No data 46 508.000 176 2,890 0 8000 16,000 240() NX GNP per capita (USS). 194)4 Share of investment in GDP, Part de l'investissement dans le PIB, Proporci6n de la inversi6n en el PIB, 1994 1994 1994 Gross domestic investment as a percentage of Investissement interieur brut. en pourcentage La inversi6n interna bruta como porcentaje del gross domestic product. du produit int6rieur brut. producto intemo bruto. Share in GDP Less than 15% 15% - 19% J 20% -24% 25% -29% 30% or more a No data Share of GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies investment Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) ca pita (US$) economies with different portions of GDP with different portions of GDP coming from in GDP, 1994 economies 1994 1994 1994 coming from investment investment Less than 15% 38 843.000 620 1.360 U 15%- 19% 39 12,479,000 986 12,650 20% - 24% 44 5,118,000 1,816 2.820 25%-29% 23 1.101,000 509 2.160 30% or more 26 5.814.000 1.549 3,750 ______ No data 39 438.000 124 3,540 a 8.(XO - 16.000 24. -0 The environment L'environnement Medio ambiente There is a synergy between environmental quality and 11 y a synergie entre qualite de l'environnement et Existe una sinergia entre la calidad del medio am- economic growth. Without better environmental stew- croissance economique. Sans une meilleure pfise en biente y el crecimiento econ6mico. Si no se mejora la ardship. development will be undermined, and with- compte de 1'environnement. le developpement sera ordenaci6n ambiental. el desarro)lo se vera menosca- out accelerated economic growth in poor countries, compromis et. sans croissance acceleree de l'econo- bado. y sin un crecimiento econ6mico acelerado en environmental policies will fail. At the core of much mie dans les pays pauvres, les politiques environne- los paises pobres, las politicas ambientales no surti- environmental degradation is lack of economic devel- mentales seront vouees a 1'echec. La degradation de ran efecto. Gran parte del deterioro ambiental se debe, opment: inadequate sanitation and clean water, indoor l'environnement a bien souvent pour principale cause principalmente a la falta de desarrollo econ6mico: en air pollution from biomass burning, and many types le manque de developpement economique: les insuf- los paises en desarrollo. los servicios inadecuados de of land degradation in developing countries have pov- fisances de l'assainissement et de l'approvisionne- saneamiento y agua potable, la contaminaci6n del erty as their root cause. With or without develop- ment en eau propre. Ia pollution de I'air dans les aire en el interior de las viviendas debido al uso de ment, rapid population growth may make it more habitations ou l'on bruile de la biomasse et de nom- combustibles de biomasa y muchos tipos de degrada- difficult to address many environmental problems. breuses formes de degradation des sols dans les pays ci6n de la tierra tienen como causa fundamenlal la Some problems are exacerbated by the growth of en developpement sont a mettre au compte de la pau- pobreza. Con o sin desarrollo, el rapido aumento de economic activity. Industrial and energy-related pol- vrete. Avec ou sans developpement, I'accroissement la poblaci6n puede hacer mas dificil abordar Tuchos lution, deforestation caused by commercial logging. rapide de la population pourra rendre plus difficile la de los problemas ambientales. and overuse of water are the result of economic solution de beaucoup de problemes d'environnement. Algunos de ellos se exacerban con el crecimiento expansion that fails to take account of the value of Certains problemes sont amplifies par la crois- de la actividad econ6mica. La contaminaci6n indus- the environment. Here the challenge is to build recog- sance de l'activite econoniique: la pollution liee a trial y relacionada con el uso de energia, la deforesta- nition of environmental scarcity into decisionmaking. I'activite industrielle et a l'utilisation de l'energie. le cidn causada por la explotaci6n maderera comercial Other problems decline as incomes rise. When deboisement du a la surexploitation commerciale des y el uso excesivo de agua son el resultado de una individuals no longer have to worry about day-to-day forets et la consommation de quantites excessives expansi6n econ6mica que no toma en cuenta debida- survival, they can devote resources to profitable d'eau sont la consequence d'une expansion econo- mente el valor del medio ambiente. Lo que hay que investments in conservation. And some problems ini- mique ne tenant pas compte de la valeur de l'environ- hacer es lograr que en el proceso decisorio se reco- tially worsen but then improve as incomes rise. Most nement. 11 s'agit donc d'integrer a la prise de decision nozca el valor de escasez de los recursos ambientales. forms of air and water pollution fit into this category. Ia reconnaissance du fait que les ressources de l'envi- Algunos problemas disminuyen con el aumento as do some types of deforestation and encroachment ronnement ne sont pas inepuisables. del ingreso. Cuando las personas no tienen ya que on natural habitat. There is nothing automatic about D'autres problemes s'attenuent a mesure que les preocuparse por la supervivencia diaria pueden dedi- this improvement: it occurs only when countries revenus augmentent. Des lors que les individus n'ont car recursos a inversiones rentables en conservaci6n. deliberately introduce policies to ensure that addi- plus a se battre pour leur survie au jour le jour. ils Asimismo, ciertas situaciones empeoran al principio, tional resources are devoted to dealing with environ- peuvent consacrer une partie de leurs ressources a pero lueyo mejoran con el aumento de los ingresos. mental problems. des investissements rentables de protection de l'envi- En esta categoria se encuadran casi todos los tipos de ronnement. Certaines situations commencent par contaminaci6n del aire y el agua, asi como alyunas s'agaraver, puis s'ameliorent lorsque les revenus clases de deforestaci6n y de invasi6n de hdbitats augmentent. C'est le cas de la plupart des formes de naturales. Esta mejora no es en absoluto automitica: pollution de l'air et de l'eau, et de certains types de se produce solo cuando los paises introducen delibe- deboisement et d'atteintes aux habitats naturels. radamente politicas que aseguran que los recursos Cette amelioration n'a cependant rien d'automatique: adicionales se utilicen para abordar los problemas elle se produit uniquement lorsque les pays appli- ambientales. quent delibernment des politiques garantissant l'affec- tation de ressources additionnelles a la recherche de solutions aux problemes d'environnement. The environment Energy use Energy use (oil equivalent) Water use la Forest coverage lb (oil equivlent) Water use la Forest coverage 4i Per GDP per As 9%of Per rotad As % of Ajmua Per GDP per As %of ~Per - Total A, %of Ana capita kilogram total water capita area total average capita kilogram total water capita area total average (kg) (US$) resources/Ic (cubic m) (000 sq kin) land area change (%) (kg) (US$) resources /c (cubkc i) (lkk) sq 6') land area change (%) Economry 1993 1993 1970.94 1970.94 1990 1990 1981.90 Eonoin 1993 1993 1970.94 1970.94 1990 1990 1981-90 Afghanistan 145 .. 52.2 1,830 19 3 0.0 Dounimican Republic 340 3.7 14.9 446 1 1 22 -2.8 Albania 455 0.7 0.9 d 94 14 53 0.0 Egialor 561 223 1.8 581 120 43 -1.8 Algeria 955 1.9 20.38d 160 41 2 -0.8 Egypt, Arab Rep. 576 1.2 97.1 d 956 0 0 0.0 American Samoa 998 ... .0 70 0.0 El Saivadoir 222 6.2 5.3 245 1 6 -2.2 Andomr .. .. 0 22 0.0 Equataoia Guinea 82 5.1 0.0 15 1 8 65 -0.4 Angola 96 ..0.3 57 231 19 -0.7 Eriuea/e .. .. Antigua and Barbuda 2.000 3.5 ...0 22 -0.2 Estonia ...21.2 d 2,097 Argentina 1.351 5.6 2.88d 1,043 592 22 -0.1I Ethiopia/ le . 2.0 SI1 142 1 3 -0.3 Armnenia 897 0.7 45.9 d 1,145 ... . Faeroe Islands 3.957 ... .0 10 1.4 Aruba . ....0 1 3 -1.9 Fij i 525 4.2 0.1 -42 1 2 65 0 Australia 5,316 3.1 4.3 933 1.456 2 9 0.0 Funland 5,635 3.0 1.98d 440 234 77 0.1 Austria 3.277 7.1 2.6 d 304 39 47 0.4 France 4.031 5.4 19.1 d 665 135 25 0.1 Azerbaijan 2.470 0.3 56.58d 2,248 ... . Ffench Guiana 1.431 so 9. . 80 9 Bahamas, The 6,900 1.7 . .2 19 -2.1 Frech Polynesia 1.439 - ... 1 3 1 0.1 Bahrain 11,925 0.7 ...0 1 0.0 Gabmn 953 5.7 0.0 57 182 7 1 -0.( Bangladesh 59 3.5 2.08d 220 8 6 -3.9 Gambia, The 57 6.1 0.38d 30 2 10 -0.1 Barbados 1.381 4.6 . .0 23 0.0 Georgia 891 0.7 6.58d 741 Belanis 3,427 0.8 5.48d 295 63 3 1 0.4 Germany 4,170 5.7 27.18d 579 107 31 O., Belgium 4.989 4.2 72.28d 917 6 20 0.3 Ghana 96 3.8 0.68d 35 96 42 -1.S Beliz.e 426 6.1 0.1 109 20 88 -0.2 Greece 2.160 3.3 8.68d 523 60 47 0.1 Benin 20 20.4 0.48d 26 49 45 -1.3 Greenland 3,619 ..... 0 0 0.1 Bermuda 2,798 9.8 . .0 20 0.0 Grenada 283 8.5 . .0 16 4.. Bhutan 33 10.9 0.0 14 28 60 -0.6 Guadeloupe 627 ... .1 55 -0.. Bolivia 310 2.5 0.4 201 493 45 -2.2 Guam 9.471 .. is . 0 1 BosniaandHerzegovina .. .. .. .. 23 ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~46 -0.1I Guatemala 197.1 0.6 139 4239-1 Botswana 388 7.0 0.68d 99 143 25 -0.5 Guinea 66 7.7 0.3 140 67 27 L.. Brazil 666 4.9 0.58 246 5,611 66 -0.6 GuiDea-Bisuw 37 6.4 0.08d If 20 72 -0.. Brunei 7,687 1.9 ...5 87 -0.4 Guyana 349 1.6 0.6 1,812 184 94 -0. Bulgaria 1.954 0.6 6.88d 1,544 37 33 0.2 Haiti 47 4.5 0.4 7 0 1 -4. Burkina Paso 16 17.7 0.5 Is 4 16 -0.7 Honduras 180 3.5 2.18d 294 46 41 .2. Burundi 24 6.7 2.8 20 2 9 -0.6 Hong Kong 2,278 8.8 ...0 22 0. Cambodia 52 .. 0.1 d 64 122 69 - 1.0 Hungary 2,385 1.6 5.7 d 661 17 18 0. Cameruon 87 10.2 0.1 38 204 44 -0.6 Icland 5,025 4.6 0.1 636 1 1 0. Canada 7,821 2.4 1.68 1 ,602 4.533 49 § India 243 1.2 18.28d 612 517 17 -0. Cape Verde 305 2.7 . .0 2 0.0 Indonesia 330 2.6 0.7 96 1.095 60 -1. CaymanlIslands ... .. .. . Imn,lIslamic Rep. 1,235 1.5 38.6 1,362 180 I1I 0. CentmalAfrican Republic 29 13.4 0.0 26 306 49 -0.4 Iraq 1.103 .:42.88d 4,575 19 4 -0. Chad 16 12.1 0.48d 34 114 9 -0.7 Irelanid 3.016 4.5 1.68d 233 4 6 1. Channllalands . ....0 8 -1.4 Isle of Man ... .- 0 9 I . Chile 911 3.6 -3.6 1,626 88 1 2 0.1 Israel 2.607 5.1 86.08d 408 1 6 0. China 632 0.6 16.4 461 1,247 1 3 -0.7 I[aY 2,697 6.4 33.78d 986 86 29 Colombia 661 2.3 0.5 174 541 52 -0.7 Jamaica 1.096 1.5 3.9 159 2 22 -7. Comoros 30 18.0 . .0 1 6 0.0 Japan 3,642 9.2 16.6 735 238 63 0. Congo 165 6.2 0.08d 20 199 58 -0.2 Jordan K 922 1.5 31.68d 173 1 1 1. Costa Rica 558 4.2 1.4 780 1 4 28 -2.9 Kazaktea 4.435 0.3 30.28d 2,294 __________ C& d'lvoire 109 6.4 0.9 66 109 34 - 1.0 Kenya 99 2.2 3.68d 51I 12 2 -0. Croatia 1.109 2.2 ...20 36 -0.1I Kiribati 105 4.6 . .0 3 0. Cuba 839 .. 23.5 870 1 7 1 6 - 1.0 Korea. Dem Rep. 1.701 .. 21.1 687 90 75 0. Cyprus 2.517 3.5 . .3 30 0.1 Korea, Rep. 2.863 2.6 41.7 632 65 66 -0. Czech Republic ..§4.7 266 26 33 0.0 Kuwait 4,217 3.2 ..525 0 0 0. Denmrijk 3,861 6.8 9.28d 233 5 12 0.0 Kyrgyz Republic 965 0.9 24.0 2.729 Djibouti 975 0.9 . .0 1 0.0 Lao PDR 39 7.4 0.4 2.59 132 57 -0. Dominuca 296 9.3 ...0 59 -0.7 Latvia 1.717 1.2 2.28d 262 . Not available. § See map for range estimate. Note: Figure in italics are for years other than those specified; the number 0 or 0.0 means zero or less than half die unit shown and not known mome pescisly. Energy ume Energy zue (oil equivalent) Water use/la Forest coverage lb (oil equivakent) Water use/la Forest coverage ii, Per GDP per As%*of Per Total As%*of Annual Per GDP per As%*of Per Total As %of Ann.ual capita kilogranm total water capita area total average capita kilogram total water capita area total average (kg) ((SS) resources/Ic (cubic mi) (IXk) sq Am) land area change (*) (kg) (LS) rsue/c cbim) (lsqA) anae cng(* Economy 1993 1993 ~~~~~~~~~~~~1970-94 1970-94 1990 1990 1981-90 Economy 1993 1993 1970-94 1970-94 1990 1990 198-90 Lebsoth 727 2.7 15.6 271 1 8 -0.6 Rwanda 27 7.2 2.4 23 2 7 -0.3 Lesorho .. .. ~~~~ ~~~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~1.0 30 .-.. SL Kits and Nevis 476 9.7 ...0 37 0.2 Liberia 38 -- Old 56 46 48 -0.5 St.Lucia 373 9.3 ...0 7 -5. Libya 1,883 .. 436.7 692 7 0 1.4 SL Vincenit 200 10.8 .-02721 Liechtenstein .. - .. .. .. .. .. Sin TomE and Prinespe 189 1.7 .. .. 0 48SA 0.W andPrWme 18 1.7- 0 8 0 Lithuania ~~~~~~2.596 0.5 19.0Od 1.190 ... . Saudi Arabia 4,552 1.5 163.8 497 12 1 0.0 Luxembourg 9.879 3.2 ...1 3.4 0.1 Senega 115 6.2 3.5 d 202 75 39 -0.7 Macao 978 15.2 ...0 2 0.0 Seychelles 1,681 3.7 ...0 19 0 Macedonia, FYR /g . ....9 35 -0.1I SianraLeone 72 2.3 0.2 99 19 26 . Madagascar 34 7.7 _ 4.8 1.584 158 27 -0.8 Singapome 5.563 3.7 31.7 84 0 7 Malawi ~~~ ~~~~~~35 5.4 . 0.9 d 20 35 37 -1.4 Slovak Republic . .5.8 337 18 37 -0.1 Malaysia 1,545 2.2 2.1 768 176 54 -2.0 Slovenia 1,3-.9- .105 . Maldives ~~~~ ~~~139 6.9 ...0 3 0.0 Solomon Islands 164 4.2 0.0 0 26 91 0.0 Mali 20 14.4 1.4 d 162 121 10 -0.8 Somalia 7 1.8 6.0Od 98 8 1 -0.4 Malta 2.107 3.2 . .0 15 0.0 South Africa 2,399 1-2 29.3 d 396 45 4 0.8 Marshall Islands . ...0 22 0.0 Spain 2.373 5.1 27.6 d 781 256 51 0.0 Martinique 649 - ...0 40 -0.5 SriLa nka 110 5.3 14.6 503 172 -1.4 Mauritarsia 105 4.2 6.4 d 495 ~~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~6 1 0.0 Sudan 68 3.3 12.1 d 1,091 430 18 / -1.1 Mauritius 391 7.7 16.3 410 I 28 -0.2 Surinmne 1.877 0.5 02 1,189 148 95 / -0.1I Mayotte . ....0 16 0.0 Swazilad 283 4.2 6.4 d 423 I6 . Mexico 1.439 2.8 21.7 899 486 25 -1.3 Sweden 5,8 . .6 4 8 68 0.0 Micronesia, Fed. Sts.. .. . 0 31 0.0 Switnizerad 3.491 9.4 2.4 d 173 1230. Monadov 1.35 0.91 d 853 ... . Syrian Arab Republic 798 1.7 9.4 d 435 7 4 4.5 Monaco .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Tapksstan 634 0.7 13.2 d 2,455 .. .. -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6340-713. d ,45 Mongolia 1.089 0.2 2.2 273 139 9 -0.9 Tanzania 35 2.4 0.5 d 35 36 ;38 -1. Morocco ~~~~ ~~~299 3.4 36.2 427 90 20 1.5 Thbland 673 3.2 17.8 d 602 127 25 -3.3 Mozambique 43 2.2 0.4 d 55 173 22 .0.7 Togo 47 7.4 0.8 d 28 14 2.5 -1. Myanmar 39 .. 0.4 101 289 44 -1.3 TOnga 184 8.0 ..- 0 II 0.0 Namibia ... 0.3 d 110 126 15 -0.3 Trinkdad and Tobago 4,696 0.8 2.9 148 2 37 2.2 Nepal 22 8.1 1.6 150 50 37 - 1.0 Tuniaa 576 2.9 59.9 d 317 7 4 1.9 Netherlands 4.533 4.5 8.7 d 518 3 10 0.3 Tiirkey 983 3.1 17.3 d 585 202 26 0.0 Netherlands Antilles 10,678 ... .0 40 0.5 Turu*nwiatan 2,268 0.5 32.6 d 6.390 . New Caledknia 3.398 ... .7 39 0.0 Uganda 23 7.8 0.3 d 20 63 32 -10 NewZealand ~~~~~4.299 29 0.6 589 75 28 § Ukraine 3,960 0.5 40.0Od 673 92 15 0.3 Nicagu 241 1.8 0.5 367 60 51 -1.9 Unitod Arab Emirates 16,878 1.2 299.0 884 0 0 0.0 Niger 38 6.9 0.9 d 41 24 2 -0.4 United Kingdom 3.718 4.4 16.6 205 24 10 1.1 Nigeria 141 1.9 1.3 d 41 156 17 -0.7 United States 7.918 3.1 18.9 d 1.870 2,960 32 -0.1I Noebem marianalis. .. -.. - 0 19 0.0 Uruguay 715 5.8 0-5 d 241 7 4 0.7 Norway 5,096 4.7 0.5 d 488 96 31 I U,zbekita 2.033 0.5 76.4 d 4.121 ..-- Oman 2,408 2.4 23.9 564 4 1 19 0.0 Vanustn 280 3.6 -.. 9 75 0.0 Pakistan 226 1.9 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~32.8 d 2,053 19 2 -3.4 Venezuiela 2,369 1.2 0.3 d 382 457 52 -1.2 Panama 599 4.3 0.9 754 3 1 41 -1.9 VietNam 77 2.4 7.7 414 83 26 -1.5 Papua New Guinea 238 5.2 0.0 28 360 79 -0.3 Virgin Ialanda (U.S.) 32.075 ... .0 6 0.0 Parguay 214 6.8 0.1 d 109 129 32 -2.7 West Bank and Gaza f. fr. . Peru 332 5.4 15.3 300 679 5 3 -0.4 Westem samoat 425 § .. 47 0.0 Philippines 328 2.6 9.1 686 78 26 -3.3 Yemen,Rep. 285 1.1 136.0 335 41 8 0.0 Poland 2.390 0.9 21.8 d 321 87 28 0.1 Yugoslavia. F-ed. Rep. 2,353 - . . 29 28 -0.2 Portugal 1.781 4.8 10.5 d 739 31 34 0.5 Zaire 48 01d2 .3 0-. PuertoRico 2,018 ~~~~~ ~~~~4.9 ...3 34 0.0 Zambia 146 2.8 0.3 d 86 323 43 -1.1 Qata 16.196 0.9 . .0 I -0.2 Zimbabwe 471 1.1 6.1 d 136 89 23 -0.7 Reunion 671 ... .1 35 -1.1 Romania 1.785 0.6 12.5 d 1.134 63 27 0.0 Russian Federation 4.411 0.5 2.7 d 790 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a. Water use data refer to any year from 19,70 to 1994 and cover domestic. industrial, and agricultural use. b. Forest coverage e. Data fOr Eriuna ame nOt Yet disaggregatled and ame included in Ethiopia. f. Wate use estinmates for the West Bank are data reflect the 1990 FAQ assessment for tropical countries and the 1990 UNECEAFAO assessment for temperate zones, included in Jordan. g. Former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaL c. Refers to internal renewable water resources. d- Total water resour=e include river flows from other countries. GDP per kilogram of energy used, PIB par kilogramme d'energie PIB por kilogramo de energia 1993 consomme, 1993 consumido, 1993 Gross domestic product divided by total Produit interieur brut divise par la El producto interno bruto dividido por el energy consumption of oil equivalent, consommation totale d'energie en consumo total de energia en el equivalente expressed in US dollars. equivalent petrole. exprime en dollars en petr6leo, expresado en d6lares de EE.UU. des Etats-Unis. US dollars . - U ~~~~Less than $1 '; $100 -$2.40 C $2.50-$3.90 D $400-$5.90 * $6 or more C7 * No data GDP per GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies kilogram of Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different amounts of energy with different amounts of energy used for every energy used, 1993 economies 1994 1994 1994 usedfor every dollar of GDP dollar of GDP Less than $1 25 1,378,000 1,569 880 $1.00 -$2.40 35 1,751,000 1,706 1,030 $2.50 - $3.90 32 8,836.000 1,063 8,310 $4.00 - $5.90 32 7,095,000 612 11,590 j/ $6 or more 43 6,258,.000 399 15,700 No data 42 476,000 254 1,870 8.000 16,000 24.000 ' -D . ..''' p Annual water use, 1970-94 Consommation d'eau annuelle, Uso anual de agua, 1970-94 1970-94 A country's annual water use as a percentage Consormmation d'eau annuelle d'un pays El consumo anual de agua de un pais como of its internal renewable water resources. exprimee en pourcentage du total de ses porcentaje de sus recursos hfdricos renovables ressources en eau internes renouvelables. propios. IL)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Less than 2.0% D2.0% -9.9% Z100%-199% D 200% 399% * 40.0% or more * No data Annual GNP Population GNP per Average GNPper capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies water use, Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different use of internal with different use of internal renewable water 1970-94 economies 1994 1994 1994 renewable water resources resources Less than 2.0% 62 2.164,000 1,087 1,990 _ J 2.0% - 9.9% 35 2,408.000 641 3,760 10.0% - 19.9% 18 14,885,000 2.849 5,220 20.0% - 39.9% 20 4,668,000 671 6,960 L 40.0% or more 15 1,101,000 289 3,810 ___ No data 59 568,000 68 8,390 0 8,000 16.000 24.000 .. Annual water use per capita, Consommation d'eau annuelle Uso anual de agua per cipita, 1970-94 1970-94 par habitant, 1970-94 A country's annual water use, in a single Consommation d'eau annuelle d'un pays, El consumo anual de agua de un pais en un year, divided by its population of the same calculee pour une annee donnee, divisee par s6lo anio, dividido por su numero de year and expressed in cubic meters. Ia population de ce pays au cours de l'ann&e habitantes en el mismo ano y expresado en en question et exprimee en metres cubes. metros cubicos. Cubic meters . v Less than 50 :3 - 199 / , -. 7200 -499 D 500-999 * 1,000 or more El No data .. . Annual water use GNP Population GNP per Average GNPper capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies per capita, Number of (USS000.000) (000.000) capila (US$) economies with different levels of water use with different levels of water use per capita 1970-94 economies 1994 1994 /994 e Pit Less than 50 25 93,000 310 300 j 50- 199 30 721.000 544 1,320 200 - 499 38 3.820.000 1,929 1,980 _ 500-999 35 12.671.000 2.041 6.210 I I I 1,000 or more 23 7,952.000 712 11.160 A., + ss58 537.000 66 8.130 i o s.ooo 1 6000 24°00- Forest coverage, 1990 Couvert forestier, 1990 Cubierta forestal, 1990 The percentage of total land area that is Superficie boisee en pourcentage de la El porcentaje de la superficie continental del covered by forest and woodland. superficie totale des terres. planeta que esta cubierto de bosques y tierras arboladas. / Share of 60% or more .- 30%-59% 1 t5%-29% 10%%-14% * Less than 10% 9 V [ D1 No data Forest GNP Popuilation GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies coverage, Number of (US$000,000) (000.000) capita (US$) economies with differentforest coverage with differentforest coverage 1990 economies 1994 1994 1994 60% or more 22 5,734,000 576 9,950 30% - 59% 60 11,194,000 900 12,440 15% - 29% 52 4,898,000 1,873 2,620 10%- 14% 12 2.338,000 1,414 1,650 Less than 10% . 44 901,000 581 1,550 * _ No data 19 728.000 260 2,800 0 8,000 16,000 24.000 GNP per c-apita (USS). 1994 Change in forest coverage, Variation du couvert forestier, Variaci6n en la cubierta forestal, 1981-90 1981-90 1981-90 The percentage change in forest area. Le pourcentage de variation de la superficie La variaci6n porcentual en la superficie boisee cubierta de bosques. Average annual - : , *,:change More than 0.2% 0% -0.2% -0.3% - -0.1% -1.0% - -0.4% Less than -1.0% No data w Change in GNP Population GNP per Average GNPper capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies forest coverage, Nunmber of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different percentage changes with different percentage changes in forest area 1981-90 economies 1994 1994 1994 in forest area More than 0.2% 28 6,636.000 471 14,080 0% - 0.2% 62 8,007,000 651 12,290 l l -0.3% - -0.1% 21 7,501,000 456 16,470 L I . :_ __._ A -1.0% - -0.4% 43 1.986,000 2,945 670 Less than -1.0% 36 934.000 820 1.140 * No data 19 728.000 260 2,800 0 8.000 16.000 24.004) - GNP per l'pilO7 (USS). 1994 Technical All Atlas information, derived from World Bank data for differences in rates of inflation between the coun- Other data issues notes files, draws on data directly collected from national try and the G-5 countries (France. Germany, Japan. statistical offices and from other international agen- the United Kingdom, and the United States). The Growth rates of population and of GNP per capita cies. such as the United Nations specialized agencies. resulting estimate is divided by the midyear popula- and inflation rates are average annual growth rates tion to obtain GNP per capita. Note that the growth computed by fitting trend lines to the logarithmic val- The people rate is computed from constant price GNP data that ues of the variable for each year of the period. exclude inflation. The data for China do not include Taiwan. China. Demographic data (population. life expectancy, total GNP per capita in international dollars is con- In this edition, all economic data for Germany refer fertility, and infant mortality) are a combination of verted at purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP is to the unified Germany except where footnoted: esti observed values and interpolated and projected esti- defined as the number of units of a country's cur- mates prior to 1991 are Bank staff estimates. mates. Unlike previous years, in this edition the rency required to buy the same amounts of goods and demographic data are from the U.N. Population Divi- services in the domestic market as one dollar would sion, the U.N. Statistical Division, and country statis- buy in the United States. Note that the figures for all tical offices. Note that for population data, refugees countries are calculated from earlier PPPs and extra- not pennanently settled in the country of asylum are polated to 1994 or are based on regression estimates. generally considered to be part of their country of Inflation rates are overall price changes for all origin. goods and services included in the GNP. Female labor force estimates are from the Interna- The shares of agriculture, exports, and investment tional Labour Office. School enrollment and illiter- in gross domestic product (GDP) are presented to acy data are from UNESCO. Net school enrollment give a broad view of the economic structure. presents the ratio of school-age pupils to the coun- try's school-age population. Illiteracy estimates and The environment projections for 1990 were prepared by UNESCO in 1989. Malnutrition estimates are based on weight Measures shown in this section are not intended to be measurements of children, compared with interna- final indicators of natural resource wealth, environ- tional standards for each age. The data are from the mental health, or resource depletion. They have been United Nations' Administrative Committee on Coor- chosen because they are available for many coun- dination/Subcommittee on Nutrition. Although many tries, are testable, and reflect some general conditions economies have estimates of malnutrition, some are of the environment. not made available to UN agencies for compilation. Energy refers to commercial forms of energy. Tra- ditional fuels, although substantial in some develop- The economy ing economies, are not taken into account because reliable and comprehensive data are not available. Gross national product (GNP) is a broad measure of The indicator of output is the U.S. dollar estimate of an economy's performance: it is the value of the final GDP produced per kilogram of oil equivalent. output of goods and services produced by the resi- Data on forests are from the FAO. Definitions of dents of an economy. GNP, calculated in national forest area vary among countries, and assessments of currency. is usually converted to U.S. dollars at offi- annual changes in forest coverage are difficult to cial exchange rates for comparison across economies, make. Note that a negative sign in the change in for- although an alternative rate is used when the official est coverage data indicates a decrease in the forested exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exception- area. ally large margin from the rate effectively applied to Data on water are based on estimates from the internationally traded products. World Resources Institute. and cover domestic, To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange industrial, and agricultural use. Water use includes rates, a special Atlas merhoed of conversion is used. non-renewable water from aquifers and desaliniza- This conversion factor averages the exchange rate for tion plants and can therefore exceed total internal a given vear and the two preceding years. adjusted renewable resources. Notes Toutes les informations figurant dans l'Atlas pro- Etats-Unis au taux de change officiel pour permettre de donnees fiables et compltes a leur sujet. Pour la techniques viennent des fichiers de la Banque mondiale et s'ins- des comparaisons entre economies. mais on utilise un production, l'indicateur est l'estimation du PIB, en techniques pirent de donnees recueillies directement aupres des autre taux lorsqu'on estime que le taux de change dollars des Etats-Unis, par kilogramme equivalent services nationaux de statistiques et des autres insti- officiel s'ecarte trop du taux effectivement applique petrole. tutions internationales telles que les institutions spe- dans les transactions internationales. Les donnees concernant les forats proviennent de cialisees des Nations Unies. Pour lisser les fluctuations des prix et des taux de ia FAO. La definition des zones boisees vafie selon change, la Banque mondiale utilise une methode spe- les pays, et il est difficile d'evaluer avec precision les La population ciale de conversion, dite methode de I'Atlas, selon variations annuelles du couvert forestier. Le signe laquelle le facteur de conversion est la moyenne du devant la variation du couvert forestier indique une Les donn&es demographiques (population. esperance taux de change de l'annee en cause et des deux diminution de la superficie boisee. de vie, indice synthetique de ftcondite et mortalite annees prec6dentes, compte tenu de l'cart entre le Les donnees sur la consommation d'eau reposent infantile) sont une combinaison de valeurs observees taux d'inflation du pays en question et les pays du G-5 sur des estimations de l'lnstitut mondial des ressour- et d'estimations obtenues par interpolation et projec- (Allemagne, Etats-Unis, France, Japon et Royaume- ces naturelles et couvrent les usages domestiques, tion. A la diff&ence des annees precedentes, les don- Uni). Le resultat obtenu est divise par le nombre industriels et agricoles. Le volume total d'eau con- nees figurant dans la presente edition proviennent de d'habitants en milieu d'annee, ce qui donne le PNB sommee comprend les ressources en eau non renou- la Division de la population et le Bureau de statis- par habitant. 11 est a noter que le taux de croissance velables provenant des nappes aquiferes et des tique du Secretariat de l'Organisation des Nations est calcule a partir de donnees du PNB exprimees en stations de dessalement et peut donc depasser le total Unies ainsi que des services nationaux de statistique. prix constants. c'est-a-dire corriages de l'inflation. des ressources interieures renouvelables. On notera que. pour les donnees relatives a la popula- Le PNB par habitant en dollars internationaux est tion, les refugies qui ne sont pas etablis a titre perma- converti en fonction de la parite des pouvoirs d'achat Autres questions liees aux donnees nent dans leur pays d'asile sont generalement comptes (PPA). La PPA se definit comme le nombre d'unites dans la population de leur pays d'origine. de la monnaie d'un pays necessaire pour acheter sur Les taux d'inflation et les taux de croissance de la Les estimations sur les femnies dans la population le marche de ce pays la meme quantite de biens et de population et du PNB par habitant sont des moyennes active emanent du Bureau international du travail. services qu'avec un dollar aux Etats-Unis. 11 est a annuelles. Pour etablir ces moyennes, on calcule une Les donnees concernant les taux de scolarisation et noter que les chiffres de 1994 pour ['ensemble des droite d'ajustement en procedant a une regression a d'analphabetisme proviennent de l'UNESCO. Le pays ont et calcules par extrapolation a partir de partir des valeurs logarithmiques de la variable pour taux net de scolarisation donne le rapport entre le PPA anterieures ou d'analyses de regression. chaque annee de la periode consideree. nombre d'enfants d'age scolaire effectivement scola- Les taux d'inflation representent ['ensemble des Les donnees relatives a la Chine ne comprennent rises et le nombre total d'enfants d'age scolaire. En variations de prix pour tous les biens et services pris pas Ta'fwan, Chine. Cette ann&e, toutes les donnees cc qui concerne l'analphabetisme, les estimations et en compte dans le PNB. &onomiques relatives a l'Allemagne portent sur projections pour 1990 ont ete etablies par l'UNESCO L'Atlas indique la part de ['agriculture des expor- I'Allemagne unifiee, sauf exception notee en bas de en 1989. Pour la malnutrition, les estimations sont tations et de l'investissement dans le produit interieur page; les estimations anterieures a 1991 ont ete eta- fondees sur le poids des enfants par rapport aux nor- brut (PIB). afin de donner une idee generale de la blies par la Banque mondiale. mes internationales pour leur age. Les donnees pro- structure des economies. viennent des Nations Unies (Comite administratif de coordination/Sous-Comite de la nutrition). Bien que L'environnement de nombreuses economies aient des estimations au sujet de la malnutrition, elles ne les transmettent pas Les mesures presentees dans cette section ne doivent toujours aux institutions competentes des Nations pas s'interpreter comme des indications definitives Unies. de la dotation en ressources naturelles. de la sante de 1'environnement ou de l'epuisement des ressources. L'economie Elles ont ete choisies parce qu'elles sont connues pour beaucoup de pays, qu'elles sont verifiables et Le produit national brut (PNB) est une mesure qu'elles refletent l'etat general de l'environnement. d'ensemble de la performance economique d'un Par energie, on entend les formes commerciales de pays: i represente la valeur des biens et services pro- I'energie. Malgre leur importance pour certaines eco- duits par les residents de ce pays. Calcule en monnaie nomies en developpement. on n'a pas pris en compte nntionale. il est gCnrralement converti en dollars des les combustibles traditionnels. car on ne dis)ose pas Notas Toda la informaci6n incluida en el Atlas. derivada de producidos por los residentes de un pais. El PNB, porque se dispone de ellas en relaci6n con muchos t'nicas los archivos del Banco Mundial, se apoya en datos calculado en moneda nacional, se convierte general- paises, son verificables y reflejan ciertas condiciones tClilCaS recopilados directamente de las oficinas nacionales mente a d6lares de EE.UU. a los tipos de cambio ofi- generales del medio ambiente. de estadistica y de otras organizaciones internaciona- ciales para fines de comparaci6n entre economias; no Por energia se entienden las formas de esta que les, tales como los organismos especializados de las obstante, se utiliza otro tipo de cambio cuando se estan disponibles en el mercado. No se toman en Naciones Unidas. considera que el oficial difiere en un margen excep- cuenta los combustibles tradicionales, aunque revis- cionalmente amplio del que en efecto se aplica en las ten considerable importancia en algunos paises en Poblaci6n transacciones internacionales de productos. desarrollo, porque no se dispone de datos fiables y A fin de atenuar las fluctuaciones de los precios y completos sobre ellos. El indicador del producto es la Los datos demogrdficos (poblaci6n, esperanza de los tipos de cambio, se utiliza un metodo especial de estimaci6n del PIB producido, en d6lares de EE.UU., vida, fecundidad total y mortalidad infantil) son una conversi6n, denominado metodo del Ailas. Con este por kilogramo de equivalente en petr6leo. combinaci6n de valores observados y estimaciones factor de conversi6n se obtiene el tipo de cambio Los datos sobre bosques provienen de la FAO. Las interpoladas y proyectadas. A diferencia de otros medio de un aino determinado y el de los dos afios definiciones de lo que constituye zona forestal varian anos, para esta edici6n dichos datos fueron propor- anteriores, ajustado en funci6n de las diferencias en de unos paises a otros, y es dificil evaluar los cambios cionados por la Divisi6n de Poblaci6n y la Divisi6n las tasas de inflaci6n entre el pais y los paises del anuales en la cubierta forestal. Un signo menos en los de Estadistica de las Naciones Unidas, asi como por Grupo de los Cinco (Alemania, Estados Unidos, datos relativos a variaciones en la cubierta forestal las oficinas de estadistica de los paises. Observese Francia, Jap6n y Reino Unido). La estimaci6n resul- indica una reducci6n de la superficie arbolada. que, para fines de los datos de poblaci6n, los refugia- tante se divide por el numero de habitantes a media- Los datos sobre el agua se basan en estimaciones dos que no se han establecido permanentemente en el dos de ano para obtener el PNB per capita. Observese del Instituto de Recursos Mundiales y se refieren al pais de asilo son considerados por lo general como que la tasa de crecimiento se calcula a partir de datos uso residencial, industrial y agricola de dicho recurso. parte de la poblaci6n de su pais de origen. del PNB a precios constantes que no incluyen la El consumo de agua incluye el agua no renovable de Las estimaciones de la fuerza de trabajo femenina inflaci6n. los acufferos y la proveniente de las plantas de desali- provienen de la Oficina Internacional del Trabajo. El PNB per capita en d6lares internacionales se naci6n del agua del mar, y por lo tanto las cifras Los datos sobre matricula escolar y analfabetismo convierte a la paridad de poder adquisitivo (PPA). La pueden ser mayores que las del total de recursos provienen de la Organizaci6n de las Naciones Unidas PPA se define como el nimero de unidades de la renovables internos. para la Educaci6n, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO). moneda de un pais que se necesita para comprar la La matricula escolar neta representa la relaci6n de misma cantidad de bienes y servicios en el mercado Otros aspectos relativos a los datos alumnos en edad escolar con respecto al total de la nacional que se podria comprar con un d6lar en Esta- poblaci6n en edad escolar del pais de que se trate. dos Unidos. Observese que las cifras correspondien- Las tasas de aumento de la poblaci6n, el PNB per Las estimaciones y proyecciones sobre analfabetismo tes a todos los paises se calculan utilizando PPA capita y la inflaci6n son las tasas medias de aumento correspondientes a 1990 fueron preparadas por la anteriores y se extrapolan a 1994 o se basan en esti- anual calculadas ajustando las lineas de tendencia a UNESCO en 1989. Las estimaciones sobre malnutri- maciones de regresi6n. los valores logaritmicos de las variables para cada ci6n se basan en mediciones del peso de los nifios, en Las tasas de inflaci6n son las variaciones globales anio del periodo. comparaci6n con las pautas internacionales para cada de los precios de todos los bienes y servicios inclui- Los datos correspondientes a China no compren- edad. Los datos provienen del Comite Administrativo dos en el PNB. den a Taiwan (China). En esta edici6n, todos los de Coordinaci6n/Subcomite de Nutrici6n de las Se incluyen las proporciones que representan la datos econ6micos relativos a Alemania se refieren a Naciones Unidas. Si bien muchos paises preparan agricultura, las exportaciones y la inversi6n en el pro- la Alemania unificada, a menos que se indique otra estimaciones sobre malnutrici6n, en algunos casos ducto interno bruto (PIB) a fin de dar un cuadro com- cosa en una nota de pie de pagina: las estimaciones estas no se proporcionan a las organizaciones de las pleto de la estructura econ6mica. anteriores a 1991 son estimaciones preparadas por el Naciones Unidas para su recopilaci6n. personal del Banco. Medio ambiente Economia Las mediciones que se muestran en esta secci6n no El producto nacional bruto (PNB) es una medida pretenden ser indicadores definitivos de la riqueza en amplia del desempefio de la economia de un pais; recursos naturales, la higiene ambiental o el agota- representa el valor total de los bienes y servicios miento de los recursos. Han sido seleccionadas The World Bank La Banque mondiale El Banco Mundial The World Bank is a multilateral development insti- La Banque mondiale est une institution multilaterale El Banco Mundial es una instituci6n multilateral de tution whose purpose is to assist its developing mem- de developpement dont l'objectif est d'aider ses pays desarrollo cuya finalidad es ayudar a sus paises ber countries further their economic and social membres en developpement a promouvoir leur pro- miembros en desarrollo a promover su progreso eco- progress so that their people may live better and gres economique et social pour que leur population nomico y social a fin de que sus habitantes puedan fuller lives. The term "World Bank" refers to two puisse mener une vie meilleure et plus epanouie. alcanzar una vida mejor y mas plena. La expresi6n legally and financially distinct entities: the Interna- Lexpression << Banque mondiale , designe deux "Banco Mundial" comprende a dos entidades juridica tional Bank for Reconstruction and Development organisations juridiquement et financierement dis- y financieramente distintas: el Banco Internacional (IBRD) and the International Development Associa- tinctes : la Banque internationale pour la reconstruc- de Reconstrucci6n y Fomento (BIRF) y la Asocia- tion (IDA). The IBRD and IDA have three related tion et le developpement (BIRD) et l'Association ci6n Internacional de Fomento (AIF). El BIRF y la functions: to lend funds, to provide economic advice internationale de developpement (IDA). La BIRD et AIF tienen tres funciones relacionadas entre si: pres- and technical assistance, and to serve as a catalyst for l'IDA ont trois fonctions connexes : accorder des tar fondos, proporcionar asesoria econ6mica y asis- investment by others. prets, fournir des conseils economiques et une assis- tencia tdcnica, y actuar como catalizadores para The IBRD finances its lending operations prima- tance technique, et servir de catalyseur aux investis- estimular la realizaci6n de inversiones por terceros. rily from borrowings in the world capital markets. sements d'autres parties. El BIRF financia sus operaciones crediticias btisi- IDA extends assistance to the poorest countries on La BIRD finance ses operations de pret principale- camente con los empr6stitos que obtiene en los easier terms, largely from resources provided by its ment en contractant des emprurits sur les marches mercados mundiales de capitales. La AIF ofrece asis- wealthier members. Funds from such other sources as financiers mondiaux. L'IDA accorde une aide aux tencia a los paises mas pobres en condiciones mas governments, commercial banks, export credit agen- pays les plus pauvres a des conditions plus liberales, favorables, principalmente con recursos proporciona- cies. and other multilateral institutions are increas- essentiellement grace aux ressources que lui fournis- dos por sus paises miembros mas ricos. Fondos de ingly being paired with World Bank funds to sent ses pays membres les plus riches. De plus en otras fuentes, como gobiernos, bancos comerciales, cofinance projects. The World Bank also provides plus souvent, les projets aides par la Banque mon- organismos de crddito a la exportaci6n y otras institu- loans to help developing countries adjust their eco- diale sont cofinances par d'autres sources: gouveme- ciones multilaterales, se suman con frecuencia nomic policies and structures in the face of structural ments, banques commerciales, organismes de credit a creciente a los fondos del Banco Mundial para cofi- problems that threaten continuing development. 1'exportation et autres institutions multilaterales. La nanciar proyectos. El Banco Mundial tambien pro- The International Finance Corporation (IFC). an Banque mondiale accorde aussi des prets aux pays en porciona pr6stamos a fin de, ayudar a los paises en affiliate of the World Bank, seeks to promote growth developpement pour les aider a faire face, en ajustant desarrollo a ajustar sus politicas y estructuras econo- in the private sector of developing countries by mobi- leurs structures et leurs politiques economiques, aux micas para hacer frente a los problemas esiructurales lizing foreign and domestic capital to invest along- problemes structurels qui menacent la poursuite de que ponen en peligro Ia continuaci6n del desarrollo. side its own funds in commercial enterprises. leur croissance. La Corporaci6n Financiera Internacional (CFI), The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency La Societe financiere internationale (SFI), qui est instituci6n afiliada del Banco Mundial, se dedica a (MIGA), also an affiliate of the World Bank. was affiliee a la Banque mondiale. cherche a promouvoir fomentar el crecimiento del sector privado de los paf- established in 1988 to encourage direct foreign la croissance du secteur prive des pays en developpe- ses en desarrollo movilizando capital externo e investment in developing countries by protecting ment en mobilisant des capitaux etrangers et natio- interno para invertirlo, junto con sus propios fondos, investors from noncommercial risk, especially risk of naux a investir avec ses propres ressources dans des en empresas comerciales. war or repatriation. entreprises commerciales. El Organismo Multilateral de Garantia de Inversio- As of October 31, 1995, the Bank had 179 members. L'Agence multilaterale de garantie des investisse- nes (OMGI), que tambien es una entidad afiliada del ments (AMGI), egalement affiliee a la Banque mon- Banco Mundial, se estableci6 en 1988 con objeto de diale, a ete creee en 1988 avec pour mission fomentar la inversi6n extranjera directa en los paises d'encourager les investissements etrangers directs en desarrollo ofreciendo protecci6n a los inversionis- dans les pays en developpement en protegeant les tas contra nesgos no comerciales. sobre todo riesgos investisseurs contre les risques non commerciaux. de guerra o repatriaci6n. particulierement le risque de guerre ou de rapatriement. Al 31 de octubre de 1995. el Banco tenia 179 Au 31 octobre 1995, la Banque comptait 179 miembros. menibres. NIZIOCS Plaza, Suite ~ Mi~ dtr 18 ssioembre Centra Bank fi 7"_15 B PtxFr arieds EADBayDveomn os BueadDci 3Nw 7M _ 1 B.P. 146 N'djaulena Capiul Ciry, Lilongnve 3 ~~~~~~~~MultiSeore2, BucfaskUg OmAUeLI DaUrdak R~-1128~ 69 Egth Avenue Extension NorhSridge Residential Area(t noor) Acer ISruiPari Antunanarivo 101 Ke1 3 : des MissionLs, Bangui linmeuble dc l'Archev&che Face Baie des Anges, Conakey Development House Boulevard Dacia 83 NewZeld BP. 146, N'djamena Capital City, Lilongwe 3 Sector 2, Buchsamst Haymarket I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~London SWIY4 30, 2 ~~~~~~~~~~~Suba Tradc Center (4th floor) Nagymsezo Utca 44 lmmeuble SOGEFIH Sadovo-Kudrinskeaya, No. 3 Diaoyutai State Guest House, Budapest 1065 Quartier du Fleuve, Bamako Moscow 123242 43 Academician 3i:; ~ t Building 5 Tashkent ~ _ Beijing 100830 70 Lodi Estate Villa No. 30, Hot A Blvd. de la Revolution New Delhi 110 003 Quartier Socogim, Noualchott SORAS Building, Kigali Edificio Parque Diagonal 35, No. 5-98 Torre Oeste, Piso 15, Bogota D.E. Avenida Francisco de Lippo Life Building Plaza Nabn UNDP Building Los Palos Grandes, =foao0 Suite 301 Inurgentes Sur 1971 King Faisal Sutet Immeuble ARC (5eme leage) J. H.R. Rassna Said Nivel Paseo, Locales 71 y72 Riyadh 11432 Avenue Amilcar Cabral Kay. B-10, Kuningan, Jakarta 12940 CoL Guadalupe Inn 53 Tran Phi Stee Brazzaville 01020 Mexico D.F. Hanoi . ~~~~~isky venue, 5th floor== iiA 22)33 Immeuble SDIH Bouleva.d Rohrmoser Island Life Center 3 Place de l'Ind6pendance - i i 15 mt- Boevard Rohrmoser 6 St. Lucia Avenue Piata Marui Adunari Nationale 1 Dakar Gaza City w Riidentielle st la Radso r150 mts. oeste Residencia Suite 8-South, Kingston 5 277033 Chisinau . GCotonou San Josl Grosvenor Gate (Ist floor) 14 Djibouti Street Kokusai Building, Room 916 Avenue Kenneth Kaunda, 1224 Hyde Park Lane Sana'a ENdifco BlSA, Piso 9 Corner of Booker Washington and l-l Marunouchi 3-chome 2-Andar, Maputo Hyde Park 2196, Johannesburg 16 de Julio 1628, La Pay Jacques AKA Streeta Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100 Cocody, Abidjan 01 do UNDP La] and Yeti Hotel Development Finance Corporation Kinshasa Setor Comercial Sul Almaty Liaison Office Lal Durbar, Kathmandu of Ceylon (Ist floor) Quadra 1, Bloco H Calle Juan Leon Mera 130 Samnal-1, Bldg., No. 36, 3rd floor 73/5 Galle Road, Colombo 3 Edificio Morro Vermetbo-8 Andar Ave. Patrna Alnaty 480099 Red Cross House Brasilia DF 70.399-900 Edilid Corporao6n Financiera Rue des Dallola, Niamey Long Acres, L Nadonrl, 6to Piso NIC Building (7th floor, B) Ediflcio SUDENE Quito Hill Park Building Dares Salsamn 5 0dade Universitaria. Upper Hill, Nairobi Plot PC-10 (Ist floor) Finsure House, 5s d50.670-900 Recie, PE Engineering Close, off Idowu Taylor 84-86 Union AvYnue. w ~~~~~~~~~World Trade Center Stret Diethelm Tower A (14th floor) ___ Avenida Isaac Povoas, No. 1251 A , 1191 Comiche El-NAl (15th floor) Toktogula Street 98, Apt. 8 Viatoria Island, Lagos 9311 Wieless Road Edifia'o Nacion Palacios - Sala 6. :7=.f CO- Bikek Bangkok 10330 Cenuo, 78&045-640 C(iaba. -: IflapanK,Z.nIieoo G (Mn - - .20A Shanhsah-e-Jantburiat -T91KAlkStea,15 Rarrina 5 G-5/1, Islamabad 169 Bouleva du 13 janvier 1 87 - 1050~~~~~~~~~~t Iomeul BTCI (8&me &tage) D~~~~rtTsa,ibwBouIe~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~edLm