E4373 V6 REV REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN AZERBAIJAN AMELIORATION AND WATER FARM JOINT STOCK COMPANY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT FOR WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SYSTEM INVESTMENTS FOR 4 RAYONS (AGSU, ISMAYILLI, SIYAZAN AND SHABRAN) WITHIN SECOND NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SIYAZAN RAYON EPTISA Servicios de Ingenieria, S.L Hydrometeorology Consulting Company Updated by H.P. Gauff Ingenieure Gmbh & Co. KG / Temelsu Engineering Services Inc. Baku-December 2013 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABREVIATIONS ...............................................................................................................................4 SUMMARY… ……………………………………………………..…….…..……………………………….5 1.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………..……………………….32 1.1 Context of the EIA ……………………………………….…................................................32 1.2 Purpose of the EIA ……………………………………….....................................................34 1.3 Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………..35 2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK……………………………………39 2.1 Policy Framework ……………………………………….…………………………..……..39 2.2 Legal Framework …………………………………………...................................................43 2.3 Administrative Framework …………………………………………………………………45 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ……………………………………………………………………........49 3.1 Problem Statement………………………………………..…………………………………49 3.2 Project Identification ………………..…………………..…………………………………..54 3.3 Map of project area and the location of project infrastructure to be included……………………..…………………………………………………………66 3.4 Legal and Institutional Strengthening………………………………......................................69 4.0 BASELINE DATA ……………………………………….……….………………………………...71 4.1 Bio-Physical Description of Project Area ……………………………………………….....71 4.2 Socio-Economic Description of the Project Area ………….................................................79 4.3 Projected Changes In Project Area…………………………………………………………83 4.4 Data Reliability ……………………………………………………………………….........83 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ………………………..…………………………….....................85 5.1 Environmental Issues…………………………………………………………………..........85 5.2 Potential Positive Project Impacts …………………………………………………….........86 5.3 Potential Negative Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures ……………………………...87 5.4 Data Evaluation ……………………………………………………………………………..99 6.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ……………………………………………………………......101 6.1 No Project Scenario ……………………………………….................................................101 6.2 Water Supply System improvement only …………………................................................102 6.3 Water Supply and Waste Water Management System improvement …………………….105 7.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION………………………………………………………………………108 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN …………………………………………………...117 8.1 Application of Mitigation Measures ………………………………………………………124 8.2 Monitoring ………………………………………………………………………………...132 8.3 Capacity assessment for the Environmental Management of the Project ……………......137 List of references……………………………………………………….………………....138 ANNEXES…………………………………………………………………………………………………..139 ANNEX I. Project Area in Siyazan region 2 ANNEX II. Proposed WS option Annex III. Proposed Sewage System option ANNEX IV. Proposed alternative Sewage System option ANNEX V. Proposed water distribution system ANNEX VI. Water requirementa and standards ANNEX VII. Water quality analysis results of Siyazan ANNEX VIII . Characteristics of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water ANNEX IX. Summary report of consultation meetings with key stakeholders ANNEX X. Public meeting on discussion of EİA report for Siyazan 3 ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AZERSU Azersu Joint Stock Company AZN AZN Azeri New Manats AWFC Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Farm Joint Stock Company FS Feasibility Study HH Household IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (The World Bank) IT Information Technology IDA International Development Association IDP Institutional Development Plan masl Meters above sea level MENR Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources mm Millimeters MoH Ministry of Health O&M Operation and Maintenance P.A. Per Annum PIU Project Implementation Unit Project Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project - Feasibility Study for 16 Rayons in Azerbaijan SNWSSP Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project SSC State Statistics Committee TOR Terms of References UN United Nations VAT Value Added Tax WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WSS Water supply and sanitation WW Wastewater WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. GENERAL The Azerbaijan Second National Water Supply and Sanitation (SNWSS2) Project is financed by the Government of Azerbaijan and World Bank. The employer for the project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Farm Joint Stock Company (AWFC) . The first phase of the project includes Aghsu, Ismayilli, Shabran and Siyazan rayons. This feasibility report has been concentrated onfor Siyazan. Eptisa (Spain) in association with Hydrometeorology Consulting Company (Azerbaijan) is contracted to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed project to assess the environmental and social impacts of project and to identify the mitigation measures both during construction and post development. Final EIA study provided recommendations on mitigation measures and proposes an environmental management and monitoring plan. This Environmental Impact Assessment report is an update of the report submitted by EPTISA Servicios de Ingenieria, S.L Hydrometeorology Consulting Company. The update of this report has been realized by H.P. Gauff Ingenieure Gmbh & Co. KG /Temelsu Engineering Services Inc on request of World Bank. Siyazan rayon center which is project area has beenis located in the east of the Greater Caucasus. Siyazan territory consists of plain-foothill and highland zones. The rayon’s economic activity is based on agriculture. Local people mainly deal with grain and vegetable growing and stock farming. According to the population census on 2012, the total rural and urban population of the rayon is 39,400 in the Siyazan . The population density is approximately 56 capita per km2. There are 32 villages within the rayon area. The wastewater treatment plant will achieve the wastewater from Buyukhemye village in addition to the communities served by water supply and sewerage collection. Estimated population figures in 2030 for water supply is 29,800 and sewerage collection are 29,800. and for wastewater treatment is 33,100 . 2. EXISTING SITUATION Water Supply There are no water sources on the territory of the rayon. Siyazan town as well as some neighbor villages are supplied from Baku I and II water pipeline, which originates to the north of the rayon and which passes through the rayon. There are no meters at water intake and distribution points. The existing water supply system is based on 5 pumping stations and 2 reservoirs (one with the capacity of 800 m3 and another 700 m3.) which are situated on a hill above the town. The amount of water consumed in overall Siyazan Rayon is estimated to be around 2,5 milyon m3/year, but available information on water consumption is not reliable. This information is not a reliable one, but it is the only available data. The municipal Wwater supply and distribution network was commissioned in 1954-1966 (~6 km) and tremendously expanded in 1978-1988 (~29 km). The network has slightly grown 1998-2000 (4,1 km) and 2006-2009 (2,8 km). Total length of existing supply and distribution lines is ~51 km. The distribution lines possess diameters between 50 and 250 mm. The existing water supply system is based on 5 pumping stations and 2 reservoirs (one with the capacity of 800 m3 and another 700 m3.) which are situated on a hill above the town. Two pumping stations (~33 masl) feed the water supply network directly from third pipeline. In Pumping Station 4 only one of original two pumps from Soviet times is working. Due to its limited head it is not used for filling the reservoirs. Also the pump of Pumping Station 5 is old and weak (no data) and cannot be considered for future solutions. Water losses from leakages are calculated to 50-60 % of the water balance. The number of people served by the water supply network in Siyazan town is 12,200 persons, which is 54 % of total population. Laboratory tests made during the project preparation shows compliance of drinking water with GOST 2874-82 -“potable water” standards, except for bacterialogical standards. Waters supply is constrained to 8 hours a day. 1,290 water meters have been installed. 5 Wastewater System: The sanitation network is functioning only in the center of Siyazan town. This network is mainly connected to administrative, cultural, medical and commercial buildings. Siyazan Sukanal operates and maintains its sewerage network and its mechanical wastewater treatment plant through its own department. Only a few main sewers are operational and the condition of the secondary network is very bad. The percent of the town population that is connected to sewer system is approximately 15-20%, and the percentage that benefits from the sewer system is declining as the system itself deteriorates. More and more parts of the network seem to get out of order. The facilities for mechanical treatment of wastewater are in very poor condition so that rehabilitation is not suitable. Due to the topographic conditions sewerage collection by gravity is possible in Siyazan. The existing sewerage network has a diameter of 150-300 mm and consists mainly of asbestos cement (~13,8 km). It was reported that at least 9 km of these pipes have expired their lifetime and must be replaced. Some sections of the sewer network are made of steel (~2.1 km) and have significant problems with corrosion and breakdown. The majority of Siyazan inhabitants and surrounding villages use actually pits on their properties or drainage channels to dispose their sewerage. The sludge collected in the pits is regularly removed by suction trucks and illegally discharged to the surrounding area. In 1970 a small sedimentation pond has been built which is reported to never have been operated. Due to the constraints of the sewerage system (deepest point) this area cannot be used for a new wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Untreated waste waters flow to drainage canals that empty into and through there to the Caspiana Sea 3. PROBLEMS The problem of water supply in the town is among the most crucial matters. Water is been supplied intermittently. The hygienic conditions within the houses were are poor due to unsupplied drinking water. Almost 1/10th of the families pay for water supplied by the truck. Most of the houses don’t have a water metering device therefore their payment has been decided by an inspector of Local Birleshmish Su Kanal Authority. A Llarge amount of water leakage was observed at the pump stations of water system. Physical losses sum up to estimated loss rates of more than 70%. The water quality analysis has been carried out in Siyazan at two locations which are Baku I and II pipelines. The collected sample fits into the WHO, EU and Azeri drinking water standards(See Annexes). Untreated wastewater discharged to the small canals and wastewater seeping from the septic tanks to ground result in groundwater contamination, odor and hygienic problems in Siyazan rayon center. In addition, ground water resources which are partly used by the consumers in Siyazan Rayon center are contaminated with the wastewater leaking from the septic tanks and reaching to the aquifers. The sewerage system under construction is not designed well to make house connections efficiently. Also, the unhealthy situation of the existing wastewater treatment plant imposes a health and safety risk to conditions of the people living around it. In detail, existing problems can be outlined as follows: General • Depletion of existing water supply and sanitation (WSS) assets due to lack of sustainable investments and insufficient capacities for Operation and Maintenance (O&M) • Little appreciation of public infrastructure sector and its organizations due to bad quality and service – consumers implement their individual solutions without a general concept • Provisional solutions become permanent solutions – mostly in consequence of damages and due to the limited budgets • Low awareness of hygienic interrelations of water supply, wastewater disposal and livestock farming cause high rates of water borne diseases • Major WSS supply lines and other facilities often affected by landslides and earthquakes. 6 Water Supply • Lack of mechanism for application of legislation to water withdrawal from Water Transmission Pipelines, • No sound legal protection of future investments • Limited number and capacity of water supply pumps and reservoirs – no extension according to growth of population and industry • Damages caused by great age, low material quality and insufficient installation depth of pipes lead to high losses within the water distribution network • Interrupted water supply and temporarily empty pipes cause bad water quality at house connections (bacteria, sediments, rust etc.) • Hygienic problems by private water storage tanks • New water supply lines/areas were implemented on the standards of the old systems i.e. regular steel pipes and manually operated pumps and valves • Manual operation of the water distribution system – no automation and control • Preference of gravity flow systems and bad reputation of pumps – as high manual effort and energy cost necessary to operate the existing old pumps. Wastewater • Wastewater collection, treatment and discharge is considered to be of minor importance compared to water supply facilities – it is low priority and receives very little investment • Damages of existing sewers results in irregular wastewater flows at the surface • Too few shafts causing very limited access to existing sewer network • No equipment for maintenance and repair – no chance for troubleshooting • Sewerage disposal in unlined pits leads to pollution of ground and surface water – as private wells are also used for water supply this constitutes a serious health risk • Sludge disposal from pits and septic tanks is done illegally outside the municipal area Socio-Economic Situation • Low connection rate (estimated at 54%) to public water supply network – many people are used to living with little water as they must carry it for a longer distance or buy it from tank trucks • Low connection rate (15-20% of population) to wastewater system • Bathrooms not common in the Rayon towns – improvement requires modification or extension of the houses and will depend on economic possibilities of the owners • Toilets mostly outdoor using open pits without flushing – future connection to a new sewer system will depend on personal interest and require private investments • Popular cohabitation with livestock within the urban settlement without sufficient disposal of excrements Institutional Situation • Low level of support for Local Sukanal (water agency) Departments by central organizations and institutions, and very limited provision of know how, equipment, vehicles etc. from central departments. • Institutional complexity and dependency on central organizations and institutions inhibits solutions and investments on Rayon level • National Water Supply Tariffs are not cost-effective to cover necessary investments – for better water quality and 24 hour supply the majority of consumers need to agree to higher rates. The current tariff rates apply to a normative demand which is much higher than actual. • Value and qualification of Rayon Sukanal staff are affected by the need of manual handling and trouble shooting. They are not in line with future O&M requirements. • Skepticism of villages concerning incorporation by the cities and/or integration by larger WSS organizations – disadvantages due to limited independence and priority of the city. • The management structure and skills of Sukanals are poorly aligned for operating as a service industry. 7 There is an immediate need to address these issues through development and implementation of an efficient and effective WSS system that is affordable to local communities and which meets the needs of the range of stakeholders that it must serve. 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Government of Azerbaijan planned the implementation of National Water Supply and Sanitation Project with the financial assistance of World Bank since 2007. The second phase of the same project has been approved on date 27 May 2008 as Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (SNWSSP). The implementing agency of this second phase project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Management Open Stock Company AWMC. The general objective of this Project is to improve the availability, quality, reliability, and sustainability of water supply and sanitation (WSS) services in 16 of Azerbaijan's regional (rayon) centers. Better infrastructure services of the secondary towns and cities shall be implemented to improve living conditions, reduce poverty and support local economic growth. The project is intended to provide better infrastructure services of the secondary towns and cities in order to improve living conditions, reduce poverty and support local economic growth. The Project contains 3 components: • A1: Rayon Investment component, which will finance priority investments in the WSS sector, such as the rehabilitation and extension of WSS systems, including facilities for wastewater and septic sludge treatment in rayon centers across Azerbaijan; • B1: Institutional Modernization component which will support development and implementation of an Institutional Development Plan (IDP) for Azersu and its subsidiary companies and Amelioration and Water Farm JSC ( AWFC), to improve the operational efficiency and sustainability of WSS services; • C1: Project Implementation and Management component, which will support project implementation by financing project management activities including Incremental Operating Costs due to the project, training, and annual audits of the project and entity accounts and financial statements. In the project documentation it is indicated that the primary objective of the project is to improve the health and livelihoods of the urban communities through the provision of safe, potable water quality and adequate water supply and sanitation. The Project aims to achieve its objectives through: • Implementation of a new, efficient and appropriately sized water and sanitation infrastructure by rehabilitation of existing facilities and construction of new ones where this is necessary. • Determination of the operational bottlenecks of the water and sanitation system and development of project proposals to improve efficiency • Strengthening of local know how and capacity to deliver and maintain these services • Developing a sense of local ownership through community participation.. The water source for the proposed project in Siyazan rayon is the Baku Water Transmission Line. As indicated above, laboratory water tests, samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.”. The water demand of Siyazan is 66.24 l/s. In the proposed system during FS, this amount of water was decided to be extracted from both Ist and IInd Baku Water Transmission Lines. Their capacities are 1.27 and 2.65 m³/s, respectively. During detailed design phase it was decided to take water only from Baku II Water Transmission Line. There would be 3 pumping stations and 2 reservoirs with 2,500 m3 and 1,200 m3 capacities. Reservoir No:1 will feed Zone 1 and Reservoir No:2 will feed Zone 2. There is another small reservoir near PS 2. On the other hand PS1 feeds PS2 and PS2 feeds Reservoir No:1. The PS1 and its associated reservoir has not been required anymore. Within the scope of the project polyethylene based corrugated pipes will be laid in a wastewater network and a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was decided to be constructed just at the end of adjacent to the 8 city and close to Ist Baku Water Transmission Line during FS. The land belongs to the municipality. However due to some grievances arisen during detailed design phase, it has been decided to relocate the WWTP. The WWTP plant is located in between Buyuk Hemye Village and Caspian Sea. The selected location of the WWTP is almost 1.5 km west of the Buyuk Hemye Municipality. The distance between the WWTP plant and Caspian Sea is approximately 800 m. This location will provide benefit for connection of Buyuk Hemye village by gravity to the WWTP. General characteristics of the Plant are as below: § Population Equivalent: 34 000 person (2030) § Daily Flow: 7,000 m3/d § Dry Weather Peak Flow: 118 l/s § Rainy Weather Peak Flow: 167 l/s The WWTP will comprise: • Screens and Inlet Pumping Station • Grit and grease Chambers • Inlet Venturi Channel • Biological Treatment Distribution Chamber • BioP Tank • Aeration Tanks • FeCl3 Dosing Station • Final Sedimentation Tanks Distribution ChamberFinal Sedimentation Tanks • Return + Excess Sludge Pumping Station • UV Disinfection Building • Treated Effluent Storage Tank • Sludge Holding Tank • Sludge Building • Blower Building • Transformer and Generator Building • Administration Building • Guard House In accordance with the FS, the treated wastewater would be discharged to the Atachay which flows into the Caspian Sea. Alteration of the WWTP’s location has not changed the water body where the treated water is discharged. The treated wastewater will be discharged to the Atachay which is located at 700 m southeast of WWTP. The discharged water will access to the Caspian Sea within approximately 800 m. Dewatered sludge dry Solid Content Ratio will be %25 . The amount of sludge will be lessen to approximately 295 kg/day. The sludge drying beds will not be required more and land use will be minimized. It should be noted that according to Item 3.7, 3rd Article, Azerbaijan Republic Cabinet of Ministers Decision about Sanitary Rules, Hygiene and Environmental Specifications Based Cities and Other Cities and Other Populated Areas Treatment, Temporary Domestic Waste Storage, Regular Removal and Neutralization Guidelines dated 21 April 2005 No. 74, the sludge has reutilization value and cannot be disposed of in a landfill. Therefore the sludge will be stored within the Plant with sludge containers and will be used in agricultural activities during the season. The use of the sludge in agriculture is subject to the sludge meeting the quality requirements of the environmental control standard presently effective in Azerbaijan. Water borne diseases are expected to decrease in time with the upgrade of infrastructure facilities in the rayon. Expected project benefits in the project area: • Prevention of the ground and surface water pollution • Protection of the public health • Prevention of wasting of water resources and energy 9 • Prevention of the soil pollution and supply of free fertilizers (i.e. sludge of proper quality from the WWTP) to farmers As known the European Council Directive (91/271/EEC) concerning urban waste water treatment (herein after named UWWTD) which is the standard applied in Azerbaijan. According to UWWTD the effluent standards has been set as: EU Council Directive 97/271/EC (UWWTP Directive) Parameters Maximum Effluent Concentration BOD5 - Biochemical Oxygen Demand 25 mg /l COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand 125 mg / l TSS – Total Suspended Solids 35 mg /l TN- Total Nitrogen* 10 (>100,000 PE) 15 (10 000-100,000 PE) TP – Total Phosphorus* 1 (>100,000 PE) 2 (10,000-100,000 PE) *: Requirements for discharges from urban waste water treatment plants to sensitive areas which are subject to eutrophication. The Specially Protected Water Objects are defined as sensitive areas by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Azerbaijan Republic No.77 of May 1, 2000. This resolution added some articles to the Water Code of the Azerbaijan Republic of December 26, 1997(Article 74 ). The resolution states the following: “…There shall be the following categories of specially protected water objects: • areas of internal waters of the Azerbaijan Republic and of the Azerbaijan Republic section of the Caspian Sea (lake); • wetlands; • running water courses and water collectors designated as rare natural landscapes; • zones of protection of source and mouth of water objects; • places of spawning and wintering of valuable fish types; • water objects with integral link to forests, flora and fauna and other specially protected natural resources; • basins of underground water reserves…” The areas categorized above could be designated as sensitive areas, according to the described procedure on the same resolution. As known the EC Directive 97/271 /EC is applicable to all surface water bodies and the Caspian Sea under the territory of Azerbaijan. The question remains whether the surface water resources could be eutrophic and designated as sensitive areas in future. If the effluent contains partly removed Nitrogen and Phosphorus, they can be eutrophic and the area of the effluent discharge can be designated as sensitive areas, which will allow for the protection of the receiving water quality based on their utilization. Therefore removal of organic substances that are main reasons for eutrophication is preferred through a settled agreement between the relevant government agencies. Based on this agreement the new design criteria is set for the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by the modification of wastewater treatment plants of rayons. This modification is expected to contribute to keeping the water quality of the discharged water bodies. Furthermore Azerbaijan is party to the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea. Part III Article 7 paragraph (f) of the Framework Conventions states that: “in order to reduce organic substances inputs from industrial and municipal sources, the best available environmentally sound technology is to be applied”. As known the designed technology was considering secondary treatment. However the nutrient removal which is considered in the modified design criteria has resulted to the increase in the level of treatment. 10 Since the discharged effluent has been received short after Atachay by Caspian Sea, which might be designated as a sensitive area according to the UWWTD and international requirements as specified above, the modification in WWTP is necessary for removal of nutrients. 5. INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS In Azerbaijan the following organizations are engaged in questions of water resources management: • The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources; • Amelioration and Water Farm JSC • Azersu JSC • Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is responsible for safety and protection from pollution of water resources. The Ministry carries out the state account of water resources and supervises their quality by carrying out of stationary hydrometric, hydro-geological and hydro-chemical supervision, make water balances and forecasts of elements of a water regime, estimates reserves of ground waters, prosecutes with the questions of rational use and reproduction of water resources. The Minuistry establishes and approves norms of maximum permissible limits of run-off waters and carry out their control by means of regional offices. Amelioration and Water Farm Joint Stock Company is responsible for integrated use of water resources, studies requirements for water resources, develops plans and norms of water use, maintains irrigation systems, and together with various branches of economy, establishes a payment for water use and together with other departments and addresses issues of management of water resources of trans-boundary rivers. Azersu Joint Stock Company. Absheron Joint-stock Water Society was engaged until July 11, 2004 with questions of water supply of the cities Baku and Sumgait. In July, 2004 services for water supply and run-off waters in other regions of the country were transferred to it (earlier the State Committee on Architecture and Construction was engaged in it) and Joint-stock company Azersu was established. The basic function of Azersu is operation and rehabilitation of systems of water supply and sanitation. Joint-stock company Azersu has established different tariffs for use of water by residents, by budgetary organizations and by industry. In order to ensure affordability, water tariffs for residents are established at lower rates than for other users. Collection of water use fees amounts to approximately 80% of the billed amounts. Water-meters are few. The collected revenues do not pay expenses. Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene is responsible for drawing up of standards and realization of monitoring of drinking water quality. In the areas there are corresponding divisions of the ministry for realization of monitoring, quality assurance of waters, etc. In Siyazan region services related to sewerage system and stormwater are under the responsibility of Local SuKanal(Water Canal) Authority. The Siyazan Su-Kanal Department operates with a staff of 7 administrative and 41 operational personnel. Proposals for Strengthening of Institutional Structure: The main proposal in the Feasibility Study(FS) document for the organization is to separate Siyazan Su Kanal Department from the central organizations like AZERSU in order to have an efficient and operational management structure. The existing organizational structure of the Siyazan Su Kanal Department is proposed to be kept mainly as it is. However some small modifications within the organizational structure have been proposed to be realized in order to improve the Siyazan Su Kanal Department. As a must, the constructed wastewater treatment plant 11 will require skilled staff, including a plant director, an engineer/chemist and a technician, and workers. The technician and workers for the wastewater treatment plant could be selected and trained from the existing staff of the Siyazan Su Kanal Department. Besides that a part time Information Technologies Specialist (IT Specialist) is proposed to assist to the Siyazan Su Kanal Department Head. The IT specialist will assist the installation and development of information technologies within the organization. It is advised in FS document that the main programs below should be constituted for drinking water and wastewater systems to be operated in parallel with forming proposed organization structure. • Description of task, responsibilities and properties of Local Birleshmis Su Kanal Authority’s staff, • Preparation and application of personnel training programs • Development of tariff concept, • Preparation of standards for pipe repair, pipe laying and service connections, • Preparation of leak detection plan, • Preparation of pipe maintenance and repair program, • Organization of spare parts management, • Monitoring the quality of drinking water and treated wastewater, • Control of meters, constitution of calibration and renovation program Recognising the differences in the new technology of the project network, a training is necessary for the staff. Relevant staff will be trained in the necessary aspects for effective operation of the water and sanitation service Operationally-essential equipment will be included in the project, to enable sustainable operation of assets and delivery of an effective service to customers. The training requirements and training modules are currently being developed in discussions between the World Bank and Ameloiration JSC and AZERSU. The new institutional structure of local SuKanal will also include EM oriented actions and relevant capacity and human resources. 6. EIA PROCESS Eptisa (Spain) in association with Hydrometeorology Consulting Company (Azerbaijan) is contracted to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed project to: (i) assess the environmental and social impacts of project, (ii) identify the mitigation measures both during construction and post development and (iii) prepare an environmental management and monitoring plan.. The issues covered by the EIA study are focusing on the most important environmental and social impacts of the project, and especially to raise concerns of the impacted households . The EIA also identifies which of the project activities has a potential to interact with the environment in the specific context of the natural, regulatory (i.e. legal) and socio-economic environments in which these activities will occur. Scoping was conducted early in the EIA process so that a focus on the priority issues (i.e. those that have the greatest potential to affect the natural and/or socio-economic environment) could be established for the rest of the EIA process. Scoping also helped identify gaps in the environmental, socio-economic and engineering information that need to be addressed so that an informed impact assessment can be completed. Different categories of issues, as identified below, were considered in the EIA. The potential beneficial and adverse effects in each category were identified based on literature review, onsite data collection and surveying, intensive investigations by individual experts through field surveys and site specific investigations. The following categories of impacts were considered: 1. 1) Natural plants Flora and their habitat impacts were investigated using available technical reports and through field survey. 2. 2) Natural animal, birdsFauna and their habitat were investigated using available technical reports and through field survey. 12 3. 3) Surface and groundwater data were obtained from available reports and were used to map surface and groundwater existence. Later these data were used to assess the hydrogeology and surface water catchments. 4. 4)Agricultural impacts were investigated by looking at the agricultural values, gathering crop and soil types, and through field survey. 5. 5) Air quality impacts were based on generalized regional level data combined with growth forecasts. In addition, acoustic impacts (noise and vibration) were investigated. 6. 6) Socio-economic impacts (living and employment conditions) were investigated using available data and the data of the of State Statistical Committee. 7. 7) Municipal services and utilities impacts (water supply, sewerage system, solid waste collection and disposal, electricity, telecommunication, etc.) were investigated using existing information and the Region Master Plan. Site visits enhanced these investigations. 8. 8) Health and safety measures have been investigated and identified as being in accordance with the national requirements and international Safety Guidelines 9. 9) Further impacts and assessments were investigated through field survey and site visits. In this section, identified Project components and project-related issues associated with those components arehave been integrated to identify the extent to which the project may impact the natural and social environmental components and the significance of those impacts has been assessed on national, community and local scales. For assessment of what level of significance to assign to an environmental component and/ or the potential impact of a project on an environmental component an objective methodology is required to permit assessment of the potential significance of environmental issues. In the evaluation process a semi-quantitative analysis has been undertaken, to summarize “vValued environmental components” (VEC’s) according to whether they are “high”, “medium” or “low”. Valued environmental components that are valued as “high” are those that are broadly important across society. VEC’s that are ranked as “medium” are those that are important at a community level, but are of limited significance at a wider level. VEC’s that are ranked as “low” are significant at a localized level. All these issues have been taken into consideration during development of mitigation measures and Environment Management Plans. 7. ALTERNATIVES Following alternatives have been considered during the EIA process: The following alternatives have been considered during the EIA process: • -No Project Scenario • -Water Supply System improvement only • Water Supply and Waste Water Management System improvement -No Project Scenario (Identifies the consequences if the project is not implemented) -Alternative Project Sites (Identifies the potential for alternative project sites and the implications of the identified alternatives) -Alternative Technologies (Identifies alternative technology applications and their implications) -Alternative Operational Frameworks (Identifies the alternative of commercialised operations as compared to public operations) -Basis for Selection of Project Design (Justifies the selected project design in social, environmental and economic terms) For an amount of 66.24 l/s the water supply of Siyazan rayon center two alternatives were considered during FS. The first alternative was to supply water from Baku Ist (2.65 m³/s) and IInd (1.27 m³/s) water transmission lines; and the second alternative was to supply water from Tahtakorpu-Ceyranbatan Canal. The first alternative which is the preferred alternative has been modified during detailed phase. The water will be supplied only from Baku II Water Transmission Line which is adequate enough to supply water to Siyazan town. The supply system includes two pumping stations and two main reservoirs. The second alternative is a combination of one Drinking Water Treatment Plant and two same reservoirs and the third water reservoir as in case of first alternative. 13 There are no main technical alternatives for reconstruction of water distribution network except the sub- alternatives like the type of pipe material. There are no main technical alternatives for reconstruction of sewerage collection system. Treated wastewater which is was decided to be discharged to the Atachay during the FS. which connects to Caspian Sea. Alteration of the WWTP’s location has not changed the water body where the treated water is discharged. The treated wastewater which has an amount of 7000 m³/day will be discharged to the Atachay which is located at 700 m southeast of WWTP. The discharged water will access to the Caspian Sea within approximately 800 m. The land where new WWTP will be located belongs to the municipality and used for animal grazing purposed. No confliction has been expected due to existence of availability of more land in the area for animal grazing. Besides that a committee formed within the Siyazan city has evaluated the location of WWTP and approved for the use of land for treatment purposes. The nearest settlement area to the WWTP is Buyuk Hemye Village which is located approximately 1100 m northwest of WWTP. The sensitive receptors from the point of social, cultural, economic and ecological point of view are considered to be a school, a wine factory and Caspian Sea. The school and wine factory are almost at the same distance to the WWTP which is approximately 1800 m. Caspian Sea has a shore line almost 600 m east of WWTP. Whenever the new location of WWTP has been compared with the previous location it could be easily said the new location will have less environmental impact whenever receptors have been considered due to the distance. The sewerage collection system of Buyuk Hemye Village will be connected by gravity system instead of pressurized system, which has operational and economic advantages. The wastewater treatment plant option has been evaluated from the point of economy and operability of process alternatives. The extended aeration process with sludge drying beds is selected by FS consultant. However it has been changed to the single stage aeration processes with the sludge treatment performed by centrifugal decanters according to the settled agreement between two main stakeholders. 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Measures for mitigating negative environmental impacts are directed at minimizing possible negative environmental and social-economic impacts during the construction and utilization phases of the project. These measures will be carried out by the construction company during the construction phase of the WSS project and by the local Wwater Canal Ccompany during utilization phase. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlines the management mechanisms (i.e. working arrangements) for how the environmental and social elements of the project should be managed from detailed design and construction through operation. The EMP is aimed at reduction to minimum level of any potentially negative environmental impacts during construction and operation. It requires that all aspects of the works comply with the relevant legislation and norms., and that measures to mitigate impacts identified in the EIA are implemented, and that environmental monitoring and emergency measures are carried out during the construction works on the site. Within the EMP required environmental controls and monitoring procedures are considered during construction and after the work is completed. The Contractor is responsible for the implementation of these mitigation measures and emergency measures during construction. There are several mechanisms of ensuring delivery during construction of both general and site specific mitigation developed through in the EIAs. One mechanism involves rthat the Contractor will further develop the outline requirements of the in an EMP by designing individual Management Plans, for, project activities that include such as oil and fuel storage, waste management, traffic management and pollution prevention. A tabulated summary of the environmental management is presented below. There is an initial environmental assessment for the Category A typed project in the prepared project Feasibility Study Document, where the “Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist” was filled for both sewerage and water supply systems. This checklist summarizes the existing project area in Siyazan and 14 potential environmental impacts, which the project may cause. According to the checklist some issues of impact can take place in the project implementation. These issues then in the EIA process have been compared with the “Valued Environmental Components and Potential Negative Effects” (Chapter 5.1) and then relevant mitigation measures have been identified accordingly. 9. APPLICATION OF MITIGATION MEASURES The potential main impacts and mitigation measures to reduce these impacts at the construction and operation stages are summarized in the following table. The table includes It is based on recommendations of the Feasibility Study document, together with additional measures that are considered necessary as a result of the EIA process. which was added with necessary additional measures in the EIA process and presented in below table 15 Table ES-1. Potential Main Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES Dust, gases/aerosol Dust prevention by watering and other means; Provision of water: associated with Transportation of grainy or dusty materials in the $10,000 Contractor Supervisor/ construction (toxic top-coated trucks; Amelioration gasses discharged Watering of dust sources; No cost for other JSC by construction Transportation of dust producing materials during measures provided machineries, wind calm days (not in the windy days); they are integrated blown construction Avoid making open fires; into normal Air quality materials etc.) Avoid setting fire on residue grease, isolation operating materials, and other substances; procedures Efficient use of machinery and other technologies; Application of adequate construction methodologies and facilities; Careful implementation of works in vulnerable Constructi areas. ionn stage Waste pollution, Protection of the surroundings of the construction Provision of especially wastes site; materials and Contractor Supervisor/ caused by Limited works in the vulnerable zones; cover to prevent Amelioration construction and Identify adequate areas to store residue materials, landslide risks: JSC domestic activities; and transportation of all construction related $10,000 Material storage, effluent materials into the predetermined site; civil works and Control of erosion process; Traffic Earth other impacts; Provide earth stabilization/green cover over management Landfill of wastes vertical points and slopes to minimize land slide signage: $5,000 and other materials; risks; Impacts of Prevent discharge of excavated material to the No cost for other excavation works; river beds or lakes; measures provided Possibility of they are integrated erosion; into normal 16 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES Wastewater. Avoid unwanted traffic blockage, collect operating excavated spoil material and discharge procedures somewhere close to the construction site; Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage line, installation of toilets and septic tanks. Damage to the Adequate design works and selection of proper Proper storage of topsoil resulting route to minimize impact on the topsoil; toxic Contractor Supervisor/ from material Usage of excavated soil material for the materials/effluents Amelioration storage, excavation agriculture purposes; : $12,500 JSC works, temporary Cut, store and restore topsoil where possible after roads etc. the completion of the construction works; Measures against Loss of topsoil Discharge of materials to the predetermined areas landslides during excavation; by secondary routs; addressed above Topsoil Flushing of topsoil Measures against land slides and soil erosion due Storage of toxic materials and effluents in the safe No cost for other to polluted water and predetermined areas, its provision with measures provided streams; drainage waters, and processing where necessary; they are integrated Standards applied, including soil erosion into normal prevention by good soil practice and drainage operating control. Good soil conservation measures and procedures. effective reins to prevent future erosion and soil loss. 17 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES Pollution of surface No cost for and groundwater Avoid discharge of harmful chemical substances identified Contractor Supervisor/ sources due to into sewage lines or ground surface; measures provided Amelioration domestic and Design and operation of natural drainage and they are integrated JSC construction consideration for alternative directions; into normal effluents, including Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage operating harmful residues, line, installation of toilets and septic tanks. procedures leakage of fuel and Required standards applied, including safe other oil related removal of wastewater during renovation works, products; use of appropriate equipment by workers and Blockage of surface ongoing liaison with residents and fencing off and groundwater contaminated areas. filtration and Water creation of stagnant resources and water waste waters accumulations. Water scarcity problems in low flow periods of the year cre in low flow periods of the year connected with project and increase of water supply problem for other users which use the same sources 18 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES Disturbance due to Use of adequate construction materials and No cost for noise generated equipment; identified Contractor Supervisor/ from construction Adherence to predetermined work schedule to measures provided Amelioration works and intensive minimize disturbance and implementation of they are integrated JSC traffic noise generating works during normal work into normal Noise hours; operating Minimum use of noise generating equipment procedures (example, stone cutters, compressors); Minimize traffic during dark hours, and use of silencers. Disturbance of the Adequate storage, processing or liquidation of No cost for natural habitat due wastes; identified Contractor Supervisor/ to construction Application of relevant construction and seasonal measures provided Amelioration Constructi related noise, dust, work methodologies; they are integrated JSC on stage non-seasonal Protection of vulnerable areas located close to the into normal Natural works, unprocessed construction site. operating habitat residues and etc. procedures Loss of natural settlement areas due to construction works. Earthworks, Adequate storage, processing or liquidation of Storage, operation of wastes; processing, Contractor Supervisor/ machines, noise Protection of vulnerable areas located close to the liquidation of Amelioration Flora and and etc.; construction site; wastes addressed JSC fauna Losses or Application of seasonal work methodologies above degradations during where necessary. and after No cost for other construction works, measures provided 19 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES non-seasonal they are integrated works, change of into normal ecological situation operating etc. procedures. Impact of works on Careful design and location of works; Restoration/plantin landscape and Restoration of damaged trees, protection lines and g of greenery: Contractor Supervisor/ disturbance to etc.; $50,000 Amelioration natural sights, Planting of greenery in the construction site, JSC greenness and careful implementation of works in the work No cost for Aesthetics and trees; sites, and management of wastes. remaining landscape Noise, dust, residue measures provided and etc. during and they are integrated after construction. into normal Constructi operating on stage procedures. Damage to Liaise effectively with relevant organizations and agricultural lands, residents before start of construction, maintain No cost for Contractor Supervisor/ including drainage dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly identified Amelioration and irrigation control machinery and vehicle access and measures provided JSC Agriculture infrastructure. reinstate all affected areas they are integrated into normal operating procedures. 20 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES Livestock resources Liaise effectively with farmers and residents damaged by before start of construction, maintain dialogue, No cost for Contractor Supervisor/ machinery and develop a grievance procedure, strictly control identified Amelioration vehicles. machinery and vehicle access and reinstate all measures provided JSC Livestock affected areas they are integrated into normal operating procedures. Health risks from Planning of measures dealing with security and Trainings: $25,000 unprocessed environmental protection issues; Contractor Supervisor/ wastes; Adherence to project standards, good signage, No cost for Amelioration Use of harmful ongoing consultation with residents, including identified JSC substances (paints schools. All workers to use appropriate PPE and measures provided with heavy metal, be trained at project induction. Safety fencing they are integrated Health and lead compositions), provided. into normal safety of asbestos- cement Organization and implementation of security and operating residents and slabs, inflammable safety related trainings; procedures. workers and toxic materials Management of materials in accordance with the etc.). relevant ecological and sanitary-hygiene norms; Identification of dangerous sites, proper Construction of storage/liquidation of waste materials. warehouse for temporal stirage of hazardpus wastes: $50,000 21 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES Damage to areas of There are no areas of historic/cultural value to be No cost for historical and affected by project. But if it appears relevant identified Contractor Supervisor/ Areas of cultural value measures need to be takenş measures provided Amelioration historical and located in the Staff awareness; they are integrated JSC cultural value project area Inform adequate organizations in case of into normal archeological findings; operating Temporary termination of works. procedures Loss of property, There no need for resettlement. Costs for land and damage to For areas where lands used for agricultural crop resettlement (if Contractor Supervisor/ living areas of production relevant plans need to be prepared, any) to be Amelioration population which includes provision of replacement lands or negotiated by JSC Resettlement Due to the new compensation for lost access to plots of arable project owner in Land location of WWTP land and lost fruit or nut trees. accordance with aquisation] there will not be relevant any need for legislation, resettlement contractual agreement or other documents. Quality of treated Operation supervision of treatment facilities in No cost for water due accordance with the operation guidelines; identified Contractor Supervisor/ Operation Risks to Quality control of water flows entering the measures provided Amelioration s stage human health system; they are integrated JSC (potable and Avoid pollution of treated waters with the into normal water environment wastewater flows; operating systems) Avoid over-chlorination of water flows supplied procedures to the consumers. 22 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES Breakages and There is need to develop scheduled preventative Training cost emergency maintenance identified below Contractor Supervisor/ situations Training of staff on safety and human security No cost for Amelioration issues; remaining JSC Measures to avoid leakage of chlorine gas. measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures Reduction of Prevent illegal connections to the system; No cost for treated water Proper operation of the system including water remaining Contractor Supervisor/ quantities treatment, pipelines, connection lines and etc. measures provided Amelioration Social- Ensure an affordable tariff structure and proper they are integrated JSC economical collection of fees. into normal operating procedure Quality of Constant monitoring of wastewater flows coming Monitoring of wastewater and its out of the wastewater treatment plant; downstream Contractor Supervisor/ impacts on human Discharge of wastewater into the environment environmental Amelioration health and only after adequate treatment; quality: $12,500 JSC environment Training of operation staff for their qualification one time every 2 Operation Additional nitrogen raising; years for 20 years Risks to s stage and phosphorous Monitoring of downstream habitats to evaluate human health (sewage removal proses the extent to which they return to their previously No cost for and and will: unpolluted state. remaining environmental wastewate Contribute in measures provided impacts r) keeping and they are integrated improving existing into normal water quality, operating procedures 23 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES Increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) level which will contribute in to the aquatic life. Eutrophication which usually manifests itself as an increase in phyto-plankton concentrations to nuisance levels will be avoided by decreased nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Provide increase in the income level of tourism, fishing. The execution of new design criteria for removal of nutrients will have additional benefits for the quality of water resources. The aquatic environment will be affected in positive manner 24 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES due to increase in water quality by means of removal of nutrients in wastewater. Instead of chlorination implementation UV disinfection will have positive effects on natural environment. Hence There will be no effects on fishes and algal organisms. Provide contribution to the protection of Caspian Sea Quality. Quality of Adequate processing of sludge; Monitoring of sediments in the Monitoring of nematodes, coliforms and heavy sludge quality: Contractor Supervisor/ treatment structures metals in the composition of output sludge; $10,000/year Amelioration (sludge), risks due Transportation of sludge in the closed containers; Transportation of JSC to agricultural Training of operation staff for their qualification sludge consumption of raising. $10,000/year these wastes. Training In application of sludge, and monitoring Decrease in use of of sludge application Training cost area for sludge identified below 25 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES drying will lessen demand to the land use. The envisaged process type of sludge production has increased the possibility of use of sludge in agricultural areas. Smell generations Planning and management of smell mitigation; Odour masking in the wastewater Tight shutting of smell producing equipment and agents: $US Contractor Supervisor/ treatment structure; containers. 5,000/year Amelioration JSC No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures Risks to human Use of authorised sites for non-hazardous waste Training: $25,000 health disposal; support and arrangements for setting in first year; Contractor Supervisor/ facilities for hazardous waste safe storage $5,000/year in Amelioration Safe storage of each following JSC hazardous and year non-hazardous wastes No cost for identified measures provided 26 ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATED Responsibilit Monitoring SOCIAL OR COST OF y POTENTIAL STAGES ENVIRONME IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT IMPACTS NTAL MITIGATION COMPONENT MEASURES they are integrated into normal operating procedures Risks to health of Training of staff on safety and human security residents and issues; Contractor Supervisor/ workers and to the Training of staff on sanitary and hygiene rules to Amelioration environment prevent infections from wastewater discharges JSC and sludge residues; Human health Provide staff with adequate protection uniforms and facilities; Measures to prevent emergency situations such as leakage of chlorine gas. Monitoring of drinking water and wastewater quality Note: All mitigation measures identified in this Table should be specified in all contracts ffor construction and operaton of the project, and should also be includeding in all manuals or operating procedures that are developed. 27 In total an estimated around 200000 USD needs to be allocated to implement main mitigation measures. 10. MONITORING Conducting monitoring is the major strategic tool in environmental management and the extent of project monitoring will be dependent on the nature, scale and potential impact of the project activities. Monitoring may require the services of environmental specialists or a company with laboratory and analytical facilities (for complex environmental problems) or inspection by the local government environmental officers. The main elements of the environmental monitoring plan are the following: In the construction phase: • Dust monitoring; • Noise monitoring; • Solid wastes monitoring; • Waste waters monitoring; • Soil monitoring. In the operations phase: • Monitoring of water volume in water sources and water storages; • Monitoring of microbiological and chemical composition of water distributed to people, comparison to water standards; • Monitoring of pollution level of sewage; • Monitoring of waste waters after treatment; • Monitoring of depositions settled in water cleaning plants; • Monitoring of treated sewage in the place where it joins to sewage collector; • Monitoring of soil where depositions generated in water cleaning plants will be used as fertilizers. • Monitoring of all activities during construction period will be under the responsibility of the Contractor, performance of which will be controlled by the Amelioration JSC or supervisor appointed by JSC. The Contractor will prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that addresses all aspects of the EMP identifies above, and will establish a team for the monitoring activities. The Contractor will be responsible for the compliance of the constructions with the national norms and standards. Monitoring of construction activities will have to ensure that mitigation measures of construction impacts are being implemented properly. Contractor’s Environmental Team will be subject to the government inspections from time to time. An individual auditing company may also inspect the Contractor on a long-term basis, such as every 3 months or 6 months. Monitoring responsibility of operation activities will be under the operator for the WWTP and under the local authorities for the network systems. Performance of monitoring activities will be controlled by the Amelioration JSC or supervisor appointed by JSC. Necessary and planned measurements should be realized in WWTP in order to certify of fulfillment to discharge criteria. Again WWTP operator will be subject to the government inspections from time to time. Regular reports on implementation of monitoring plan will be submitted to Contractor . A training and equipment package is included in the project. As key agency responsible for implementation for SNWSSP the Amelioration and Water Farm JSC will need to have adequate capacity for control of realization of EMP. Although the Department on Control of Protection and Use of Water Resources have been trained by ADP Flood mitigation project and other programs, there is still need for required knowledge on Environment Management issues during the construction and operation. 28 In order to increase capacity of Environmental specialist at PIU and also for local SuKanal relevant training is planned to be organized within the project. Staff will be trained in Environmental management during the construction and also in operation phase, in the necessary aspects for effective operation of the water and sanitation service to minimize impact to the environment. The training requirements and training modules are currently being developed in discussions between the World Bank and Ameloiration JSC and AZERSU. Amelioration JSC PIU will also need to have relevant trained staff to supervise the construction process and monitor implementation of EMP. 29 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Azerbaijan Second National Water Supply and Sanitation (SNWSS2) Project is financed by the Government of Azerbaijan and World Bank. The employer for the project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Farm Open Joint Stock Company (OJSC) . Eptisa (Spain) in association with Hydrometeorology Consulting Company (Azerbaijan) is contracted to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed project to assess the environmental and social impacts of project and to identify the mitigation measures both during construction and post development. This EIA study provides recommendations on mitigation measures and proposes an environmental management and monitoring plan. 1.1 Context of the EIA This report presents an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the project in Siyazan. The EIA identifies potential impacts on the natural environment and the social situation in Siyazan region during construction and operation of the project. Where potential adverse effects are predicted, mitigation has been developed and its implementation is presented in an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP). This project has been identified as a Category A project in the World Bank classification for EIA (OP/BP4.01). This requires an EIA report and an Environmental Management Plan. Moreover, public consultations are required to discuss the project and the proposed environmental management plan. A detailed description of the project is presented below in section 3 There are following definitions used in this report: § Definition of environmental aspects: The International Standard Organisation’s standard for Environmental Management Systems (EMS), ISO 14001 defines an environmental aspect as: “An element of a......, product or service that can interact with the environment.” § Definition of impacts: ISO 14001 defines an environmental impact as: “Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organisation’s activities, products or services.” This definition will be used in the identification of the proposed project’s environmental impacts. An environmental or socio-economic impact may result from any of the identified project aspects; that is, activity-receptor interaction. The potential for an environmental or socio-economic impact exists where an environmental or socio-economic aspect has been identified; that is, where a project activity has been determined to have the potential to interact with the biophysical environment or with the socio-economic content of the community.. Impacts can be either negative or positive. The primary objectives of the impact assessment are to: establish the significance of identified potential impacts that may occur as a result of a project activity being undertaken, and differentiate between those impacts that are insignificant (i.e. can be sustained by natural systems) and those that are significant (i.e. cannot be sustained by natural systems). Significant potential impacts would require alternative and/or additional mitigation measures above and beyond those already incorporated in the base design for the project/activity. Scoping was conducted early in the EIA process so that a focus on the priority issues (i.e. those that have the greatest potential to affect the natural and/or socio-economic environment) can be established for the rest of the EIA process. Scoping also helped identify gaps in the environmental, socio- economic and engineering information that need to be addressed so that an informed impact assessment can be completed. The potential beneficial and adverse effects were identified based on literature review, onsite data collection and surveying, intensive investigations by individual experts through field surveys and site specific investigations. 30 The following categories of impacts were considered in the EIA: 1. Natural Plant and their habitat impacts were investigated using available technical reports and through field survey. 2. Natural Animal, birds and their habitat were investigated using available technical reports and through field survey. 3. Surface and groundwater data were obtained from available reports and were used to map surface and groundwater existence. Later these data were used to assess the hydrogeology and surface water catchments. 4. 4)Agricultural impacts were investigated by looking at the agricultural values, gathering crop and soil types, and through field survey. 5. Air quality impacts were based on generalized regional level data combined with growth forecasts. In addition, acoustic impacts (noise and vibration) were investigated. 6. Socio-economic impacts (living and employment conditions) were investigated using available data and the data of the of State Statistical Committee. 7. Municipal services and utilities impacts (water supply, sewerage system, solid waste collection and disposal, electricity, telecommunication, etc.) were investigated using existing information and the Region Master Plan. Site visits enhanced these investigations. 8. Health and safety measures have been investigated and identified as being in accordance with the national requirements and international Safety Guidelines 9. Further impacts and assessments were investigated through field survey and site visits. 1.2. Purpose of the EIA In accordance with the Environmental Assessment requirements of the World Bank and the Environmental legislation of the Azerbaijan Republic, an EIA process is required in support of the proposed project. The objectives and rationale of the assignment are, in general, clearly stated in the Terms of Reference (ToR). The aim of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to ensure that any adverse environmental or socio-economic impacts arising from proposed project activities in each individual rayon are identified and where possible eliminated or minimized through early recognition of and response to the issues. The purpose of the assignment is to help the Client to: • Ensure that environmental considerations are integrated into the project planning and design activities • Ensure that a high standard of environmental performance is planned and achieved for the project • Ensure that environmental and socio-economic aspects and impacts are identified, quantified where appropriate, and assessed and mitigation measures proposed • Ensure that legal and policy requirements and expectations are addressed • Consult with all of the project stakeholders and address their concerns; and • Demonstrate that the project will be implemented with due regard to environmental and social considerations in mind The purpose of this EIA study is to identify the direct and indirect impacts that the development of WSS will have on the natural resources, ecosystem, and the socioeconomic dimensions of the communities and populations. Accordingly, mitigation measures will be proposed and an environmental management and monitoring plan will be prepared to address the identified impacts and the corresponding mitigation measures. 31 The EIA document is intended to provide the decision makers and international donors with an understanding of the impacts of developing WSS, in order for them to make an informed decision. The assessment includes suggested efforts to avoid or minimize the adverse effects and methods to enhance the positive effects. The objectives of the EIA study are as follows: 1. Investigate and record the existing social, economic, and environmental conditions that correspond to the proposed project area prior to the development. 2. Describe the different construction aspects of the proposed project including the water distribution system, storm water drainage, wastewater collection and treatment etc. 3. Define and assess the potential beneficial and adverse impacts resulting from the project. 4. Propose mitigation measures in order to minimize the adverse effects and enhance the beneficial effects. 5. Prepare an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) for the project. In order to assess the environmental impacts of the Siyazan Rayon Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) project a scoping report has been prepared as a basis for full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report to be developed afterwards. The document first describes generally the existing situation in WSS and then it continues with proposed assumptions on possible potential positive and negative environmental impacts caused by the project activities and related mitigation measures in order to decrease or eliminate the negative environmental impacts during construction and operation phases. Alternatives identified within the FS are analyzed as appropriate. Finally, this document summarizes the environmental concerns that were addressed by the different stakeholders and affected groups, and which were raised during the public consultations that have been undertaken since the beginning of the EIA in June 2010. The Scoping Report also serves as the basis for prioritizing issues for the Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposed project. 1.3. Methodology In the course of the assignment potential impacts of all stages of the project from pre-construction, through construction and installation to operation in each rayon are evaluated against applicable environmental standards, regulations and guidelines, the existing environmental conditions, and issues and concerns raised by all project stakeholders. Evaluation of the implementation and effectiveness, of existing and planned environmental controls and monitoring and mitigation are considered. The EIA process constitutes a systematic approach to the evaluation of a project in the specific context of the natural, regulatory and socioeconomic environments of the project area in which development is proposed. The assessment process incorporates the following key stages: Detailed data gathering and review Following Scoping, assembled legislative requirements, engineering, environmental and socio- economic data will behave been assessed in greater detail to ensure that all of the proposed project activities and their consequences were considered in full. At this stage the project team will look into the following as required by the Terms of Reference: § Existing (baseline) environmental conditions: In order to identify any potential impact on and potential change to the natural and socioeconomic environments, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the nature of those existing environments prior to commencement of the proposed activities. This translates as a need to characterize the existing baseline environmental and socio-economic conditions including establishing the prevailing conditions for a range of media as follows: natural environment media such as air, water, soil and groundwater, flora and fauna; and socio-economic media such as demographics and economic 32 activities. Definition of the baseline environmental conditions will be achieved through a detailed review of all available data sources (i.e. existing documentation and literature) including surveys of flora and fauna, soil and surface and water and groundwater, a survey of the cultural heritage in the area and socio-economic baseline data. § Analysis of alternatives: The purpose of this is to identify, at a conceptual level, viable alternatives to the project so that a viable base-case design may be realized. Consideration of project alternatives occurs at two levels as follows: (i) to the project as a whole including the “no development” option; and (ii) engineering alternatives within the selected project’s design definition. Once project alternatives are defined, they will be generally assessed and compared on financial, technical, and environmental/socio-economic criteria. The project alternative that is determined to be likely to result in the best balance in regards these criteria is typically, the one that moves forward into the detailed design phase. § Detailed legislative review: The review of relevant national and international standards and requirements will ensure that the project activities has been assessed against all relevant existing environmental regulations and guidelines as well as other relevant policies and standards. Consultations Project stakeholder consultation is a vital component of the EIA process. The consultation process is focused on, seeking comment on key issues and concerns, sourcing accurate information, identifying potential impacts and offering the opportunity for alternatives or objections to be raised by the potentially affected parties; non-governmental organizations, members of the public and other stakeholders. Consultation helps to develop a sense of stakeholder ownership of the project and the realization that their concerns are taken seriously, that the issues they raise, if relevant, will be addressed in the EIA process. Consultation with all project stakeholders in 4 rayons started during the Scoping stage and continued throughout the EIA process. All relevant stakeholders have been identified using the most recent and accurate information available and the consultation results including: o - a list of stakeholders consulted in each rayon; and o - a summary of the issues and concerns raised. Environmental and social aspects From the environmental and social point of view the above definition of the environment and potential project impact is used in the identification of the proposed project’s environmental, legal and socio- economic aspects. These can be illustrated as follows: § Identification of environmental and socio-economic aspects: To identify project environmental aspects, all proposed activities will be considered in terms of their potential to: interact with the natural environment including its physical and biological elements; breach the relevant international, national, industry and operator and partner standards and operator/partner policy; interact with the existing socio-economic environment. In addition to the above, all concerns and issues raised by members of the community and/or project stakeholders in all 4 rayons will be considered as environmental or socio-economic aspects. § Determining impact significance: Following the identification of all project environmental and socio-economic aspects and potential impacts, the level of impact that may result from each of the activity-receptor interactions will be assessed. In assessing the level of impact that an activity may cause, two key elements will be considered: Consequence - the resultant effect (positive or negative) of an activity’s interaction with the legal, natural and/or socio-economic environments; and Likelihood - the likelihood that an activity will occur. The level of consequence for each identified impact will be determined by examining a number of factors relating to the activity including: level of non-compliance with legislation, policy and/or 33 adopted project standards; community and stakeholder perception of the activity; and the ability of the natural environment to absorb the impact based on its natural dynamics and resilience. It should be noted that it is often difficult to compare environmental impacts consistently across different natural and socio-economic environments. In evaluating the environmental and socio- economic aspects, emphasis is placed on specific cause and effect relationships. Scientific evidence as well as predictions based on observation of previous similar activities can and will be used in the impact assessment process. Where it will not be possible to fully quantify the effect that an activity may have on the environment or a component of the environment, or where there is a lack of scientific knowledge, qualitative judgment can and will used. Such judgments will be based on a full understanding of the proposed development, the impact assessment team’s extensive experience in and its knowledge of the environment in which the project’s activities will occur. Mitigation and monitoring § Mitigation: Mitigation measures will be taken into consideration and defined during the impact assessment process. Impacts that are identified as having a significance ranking of “high” or “critical” will be analyzed in more detail to identify additional mitigation measures that are potentially available to eliminate or reduce the predicted level of impact. Potential mitigation measures that will be considered include: social and economic investment programmes; engineering design solutions; alternative approaches and methods to achieving an activity’s objective; operational control procedures, and management systems. The results of the mitigation analysis and the mitigation measures included in Mitigation Plan of the Environmental Management Plan § Monitoring: It will be necessary to monitor and audit the implementation of the project development and operation. Monitoring will provide the information necessary for feedback into the environmental management process and will assist in identifying where additional mitigation effort or where alteration to the adopted management approach may be required. The monitoring plan will be included in Monitoring Plan of the Environmental Management Plan 34 2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1 Policy Framework EIA in Azerbaijan During its years of independence, Azerbaijan has steadily improved its system of environmental protection. The policy, legal and institutional framework that it inherited from the former Soviet Union was not designed to operate within a market economy, and insufficient attention had been given to issues of efficiency and environmental protection. Much progress has now been made, particularly in updating the environmental legal framework, although further improvements are still needed, including in environmental impact assessment. The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources was established in 2000 and other institutional reform is being undertaken. The ecological strategy of the country is aimed at preservation of natural resources at national, regional and international spheres; application of scientifically substantiated development principles; and sustainable use of economic and human resources of the country that would meet interests of existing and future generations through enhanced coordination of activities in the area of protection of the environment. As a manifestation of environmental policies in the Republic of Azerbaijan, it should be noted that it is oriented to the development of a relevant legislative basis in accordance with European standards, improvement of state environmental management system, and gradual realization of priority projects through broadened ties with international organizations. In Azerbaijan, EIA is applied under the State ecological expertise (SEE) procedure. In the EIA process the main objects are projects of state importance which cover the various spheres of industry and agriculture. In 1996 the Government of Azerbaijan adopted the procedure of EIA process, which complies with systems used in most countries. The new rules are described in Regulations on carrying out of Environment Impact Assessment in Azerbaijan Republic (UNDP / State Ecology Committee, 1996). These Regulations states, that “Activities on assessment of impacts of wastes to environment should begin in the stage of planning of the project”. The process of Environmental Impacts Assessment is one of means regulating protection of environment, efficient use if nature and effectiveness of economic development. This existing normative, legal basis of the Azerbaijan Republic broadly uses the notion of EIA The main aim of the EIA process is: Recovery of natural systems violated due to previous economic activity; prevention of degradation of environment; ecological – economical balancing of future economic development; creation of favorable living conditions for peoples; decrease of level of ecological hazard of envisaged activity. This document was made up before decisions on fulfillment of any of projects. The EIA document is a document which determines the character of all potential forms and level of danger of impacts to the environment caused by an economic or other activity that is proposed to be carried out. The EIA is document evaluates results of fulfillment of the project from ecological, social and economic view of point. State Expertise Board of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is authorized state organ for EIA process. For concrete projects the EIA process begins from planning and feasibility study and its realization. The Applicant (the project proponent, nature user) is responsible for content and final version of EIA document submitted to Ministry of Ecology. The Applicant bear the responsibility for fulfillment of conditions shown in the given permission and also for carrying out of monitoring of the project. There are 2 steps: 35 First: The originator (applicant) of the activity submits application to Ministry of Ecology and informs about major project decisions and possible results of negative Impacts to Environment. Ministry of Ecology after consideration of the Application informs the Applicant about necessity of carrying out of EIA and scale of this activity. In rare cases, after consideration of application, the permission for carrying out of work may be given immediately (Article 2.5). Second: The documents (on EIA) prepared by the Applicant are considered by the Group of Experts and Summary is made. The summary also includes proposals and critics of community. On the basis of the summary, the Ministry of Ecology may give permission for work or refuse to permit to activity, explaining reasons for rejection. The Ministry of Ecology determines 3 months maximal period for consideration of EIA documents. Enforcement and compliance are the responsibility of the general inspection system. EIA process is described in below figure(See figure 2.1). 36 37 The Republic of Azerbaijan pursuing a policy of integration to the World Community and in recent years has signed and ratified scores of International and bilateral conventions, treaties and agreements, including 15 Conventions related to environment. Each law of Republic of Azerbaijan includes a special chapter or article stating that if International Agreements provide rules which differ from existing relevant rules of Azerbaijan Legislation, the rules of international documents should prevail. . The World Bank Safeguards Policy The World Bank requires an environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus improve decision making (OP 4.01, January 1999). The EA that is required by the Bank is in effect the same document as the EIA that is required under Azerbaijan legislation. EA evaluates the potential ecological risks of a project and its impact to the territories covered by the project; analyzes alternatives of the project; determines ways for development of choice, location, planning, design and execution of the project, by taking measures on mitigation, compensation and bringing to minimum of harmful ecological impacts and strengthening its positive impacts to the environment. The Bank prefers preventive measures, if any, to mitigation or compensation measures. The EA takes into account the environment (air, water and land); humans health and safety; social aspects (obligatory resettlement, residents and cultural heritage property); and trans - boundary and global environmental aspects. At the same time it takes into account all changes taking place in the project and country; results of ecological studies held in the country, plans of local ecological measures; common political framework of the country, local legislation and institutional possibilities on ecological and social aspects; obligations of the country on international Agreements and Treaties concerning the projects activities. The Bank doesn't fund the project activities which are contrary to such country's obligations as it would be determined during the EA. * Key considerations to be taken into account during the EA process include: • * Generic initial screening to determine appropriate environmental assessment; • * Compliance with existing environmental regulations in Azerbaijan; • * Linkages with socio-economic assessment, or inclusion of socio-economic assessment within the scope of the EA; • * Analysis of alternatives; • * Public participation and consultation with affected people and organizations; and • * Disclosure of information. The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EIA. The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The four Categories are A, B, C, and Fl. Whilst the objectives of the project include provision of a safe, reliable, potable water supply and vastly improved treatment of wastewater, the extent and nature of the works required result in it being classified as Category A, for which an EIA and EMP are required. This category of project may have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works, can cause serious and irrevocable impact upon the environment or human health. The EIA for a Category A project examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the "without project" scenario), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance for a Category A project. 38 2.2 Legal Framework Environmental protection in Azerbaijan is governed by the Law on Environment Protection (1999). The Law establishes the main environmental protection principles, and the rights and obligations of the State, public associations and citizens regarding environmental protection. It establishes the requirements for the preparation of environmental impact assessments, environmental quality standards, and requirements for permitting the activities that affect the environment, prevention and reduction of environmental pollution, environmental monitoring and control, the role of the public and sanctions imposed on law violators. Other laws governing specific issues such as sanitary-epidemiological welfare, land reform, energy, health, water, forests, cadastre and land use, industrial and domestic wastes, ecological safety, water supply and wastewater, atmospheric protection and specially protected areas have been adopted since 1992. The issues related to protection of environment and regulation of use of nature are regulated through the with following Laws of relevant legislation of Azerbaijan Republic: Water Code (1997), Land Code (1999), Forest Code (1997), On Entrails (1998), On Protection of Flora (1996), On Fauna (1999), On Obligatory Insurance (2002), On radioactive Wastes (1994), On Industrial and Household wastes (1998), On Radioactive safety of population (1997), On Sanitary - Epidemiological Safety (1992), On Melioration and Irrigation (1996), On Water Supply and Waste Water(1999), On Safety of Hydrotechnical Plants (2002), On State land cadastre, monitoring of lands and structure of earth (1998), On Pesticides and agrochemical substances (1997), On protection of the Soil fertility (1999), On specially protected nature areas and objects (2000). In addition, a large number (some 75+) of Decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers have been issued to help interpret the body of environmental legislation and related Presidential Degrees and Orders. Republican criminal legislation and legislation on administrative faults includes some measures directed to protection of environment and efficient use of nature. The relevant legislation in force includes some laws regulating activity of natural persons and legal entities in the various spheres of use of natural resources (underground resources, water ad land resources, forests, fishes, etc.). The International Agreements and Conventions signed by Azerbaijan are an inseparable part of the legislation system of the country. Principles of rational water use, its state registration, settlement of water disputes and responsibility for violation of water legislation are described in the following below legal documents: • -Laws of Azerbaijan Republic on Water Supply and Wastewater (Decree of President of Azerbaijan Republic dated January 26, 2000); • Water Code of Azerbaijan Republic (Decree of President of Azerbaijan Republic dated December 26, 1997); • RESOLUTION No 206 on approval of some rules regarding water legislation of Azerbaijan Republic (Cabinet of Ministers, October 15, 1998); • RESOLUTION No 195 on approval of Rules on implementation of state control over consumption and preservation of water objects (Cabinet of Ministers, September 25, 1998); • RESOLUTION No 197 on approval of Rules on identification of construction sites of enterprises, structures, and other objects to be constructed, agreement of its work drawings, its state expertise and commissioning. (Cabinet of Ministers, September 28, 1998); • Resolution No 7 on approval of state water registration rules, (Cabinet of Ministers, January 17, 2000).; 39 2.3 Administrative Framework In Azerbaijan the following organizations are engaged in questions of water resources management: • The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources; • Amelioration and Water Farm JSC • Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene • Azersu JSC The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is responsible for safety and protection from pollution of water resources. The Ministry carries out the state account of water resources and supervises their quality by carrying out of stationary hydrometric, hydro-geological and hydro-chemical supervision, make water balances and forecasts of elements of a water regime, estimates reserves of ground waters, prosecutes with the questions of rational use and reproduction of water resources. Establishes and approves norms of maximum permissible limits of run-off waters and carry out their control by means of regional offices. The Expertise Department of the Ministry conducts State ecological examination of new projects on water distribution, water use, new structures, other works executed in this area and gives its opinion on realization or non-realization of projects and works. Department of Environmental Policy and Environmental Protection defines the basic directions of a policy on maintenance of safety and protection of water resources from pollution. Department of Environmental Protection coordinates activity on monitoring and implementing of nature protection statutory acts, on conditions of water resources checks a level of conformity of influence of planned activity to working statutory acts and applies sanctions. The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is the responsible authority for state of environment It determines whether a project requires no EIA at all or a full EIA or anything in between. The regional departments of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources receive applications and ensure that adequate information has been provided. Amelioration and Water Farm Joint Stock Company is responsible for complex use of water resources, studies requirements for water resources, develops plans and norms of water use, maintains irrigating systems, together between various branches of economy, establishes a payment for water use and together with other departments and the organizations are busy with the questions on management of water resources of trans-boundary rivers. Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene is responsible for drawing up of standards and realization of monitoring of drinking water quality. In the areas there are corresponding divisions of the ministry for realization of monitoring, quality assurance of waters, etc. Azersu Joint Stock Company. Till July 11, 2004 with questions of water supply of the cities Baku and Sumgait was engaged Absheron Joint-stock Water Society. In July, 2004 service on water supply and run-off waters of other regions of the country was also transferred to it (earlier the State Committee on Architecture and Construction was engaged in it) and Joint-stock company Azersu was established. The basic function of Azersu is operation and rehabilitation of systems of water supply and sanitation. Joint-stock company Azersu has established different tariffs for use of water by populations, by budgetary organizations and in the industry. In connection with economic problems, for the population lower tariffs are established. The collecting of means makes 40 80 %. Water-measuring devices are few. The collected means do not pay expenses. The administrative structure of water supply and sanitation system comprises four levels, with the Cabinet of Ministers at the top; AZERSU joint Stock Company; “Joint SuKanal” Limited Liability Company (LLC) responsible for water supply and sanitation (WSS) in small towns and rural settlements; and finally local SuCanals at the bottom which report directly to Joint SuCanal. AZERSU is a financially independent body which receives no subsidy from senior bodies. Its main revenues are from water fees it receives from consumers. The Non Governmental organizations (NGOs) in Azerbaijan carry out projects on informing the public on existing problems in the water sector, explain legal aspects of questions on protection of water resources by edition of bulletins and booklets, speak to the press/media and carry out of training. Since they lack their own resources, NGO’s carry out their activities within the framework of projects and grants. Frequently these projects are directed on increasing of knowledge of the population. CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS In Azerbaijan, engineering survey, design and construction standards and regulations are governed by the State Construction Committee. Rules of conducting supervision and control procedures by the State Construction Committee (in several areas regarding to safety of construction by the recently established Ministry of Emergencies) had been approved by the Cabinet of Ministers in 2003. Subject to the State Construction Committee regulations all construction operations are to be carried out with due regard to the environmental requirements. Following the existing construction rules, construction or renovation works are to be carried out on the basis of the approved project (design) documents only. The State Construction Committee issues special licenses to conduct engineering survey and design operations (no license is required for construction operations). The project design documents include descriptions of proposed construction and related activities together with applications for permits from relevant authorities for geological studies of soil characteristics, fire safety, public health, utilities (gas, water, electricity, telecommunication) and environmental assessment. The relevant authorities conduct inspections during construction to monitor compliance with the permits, and may issue significant fines if violations are found. LAND AVAILABILITY Land acquisition and resettlement that might be required under this project will be governed by a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)that has been developed and approved by Amelioration JSC and is acceptable to the World Bank. A RPF was developed in 2007 to cover the first Water Supply and Sanitation Project as a whole, as part of Bank screening procedures. The RPF concludes that there should be no justification for moving PAPs dwellings or other fixed assets and that the majority of cases will involve land used for arable or livestock grazing. The procedure involves the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) determining the legal status of affected lands and then determining the compensation mechanism, taking into account that users may not actually have legal tenure or permissions to use the affected land. The final step involves agreement and payment of compensation to PAPs at the stage of detailed design and before construction commences. The compensation could take several forms, involving land swap or monetary payment. 41 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Problem Statement Siyazan is located at the South-east foothills of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The rayon center is 103 km north of Baku. The total area of the rayon is 759 sq km. The region comprises of 1 town and 33 villages with a total population of 39,400 people according to the population census of year 2012. This makes a population density of approximately 56 persons per km². There are 24,500 people in Siyazan town, the administrative center of the rayon. Relief declines from south-west to north east towards Caspian Sea (from 1000-1200m to minus 27.0 m). The mountainous area is characterized with hilly relief. Siyazan rayon is situated in the contact zone of Greater Caucasus mountain wrinkle and Gusar-Devechi foothill plain; people are mainly settled on plain area. Hydrological resources comprise Atachay, Gilgilchay and Garachay. These are intermittent rivers (especially in summer) and fed with precipitation, spring and condensation waters. The rivers have generated debris cones in plain area, and they do not have hydrogeological importance in the formation of ground waters. Gilgichay takes its source from 1980 m height, has a length of 72 km, a river basin of 733 km2, and an annual flow of 0.85 m3/s. Atachay takes its source from 1870 m height; its length is 45 km and its catchment basin is 347 km2. The rayon is characterized with semi-desert and dry-steppe climate related to temperature and amount of precipitation. This kind of climate has little rainfall, warm winter and, dry and hot summer. The average annual temperature is 12,5 °C in the area. The coldest month is January, but the average temperature is not below zero in this month. The hottest months are July and August, when temperatures can approach 40°C. Winter temperature can fall to -18 °C in January. Average annual perennial precipitation is 308 mm. The distribution of the precipitation within a year varies highly especially within the dry summer season and the rainy autumn which 37% of annual precipitation is observed. Snow cover is not stable in the area. Annual values of relative humidity range between 64- 84%1. There are no water sources on the territory of the rayon. Siyazan town as well as some neighbor villages are supplied from Baku I and II water pipeline. There are no meters at water intake and distribution points. The existing water supply system is based on 5 pumping stations and 2 reservoirs (one with the capacity of 800 m3 and another 700 m3.) which are situated on a hill above the town. The majority of water is taken from the old Baku 1 pipeline build in 1917.. This line takes ground and spring waters from Shollar village area(Near Khudat city) to Baku for a distance of 180-200 km. Amount of water taken from the source makes approx. 1.25- 1.27 m3/s and as result of water intake by residential areas on its way the amount of water reduces for around 25% and makes up 1 m3/s near Baku. There are 3 pumps operational at the 3 different pump stations - one pump is permanently defective. As these Pumping Stations are situated at 10-12 masl the pumps of the Stations 1 (315 m3/h / H=40m) and 3 (40m3/h / H=20m) supply parts of the network in the lower areas of Siyazan up to the railway line. The pump in Pumping Station 2 with 180m3/h and maximum head 340 m is used for supply of the reservoirs at the other upper end of the town. This causes high energy costs and is used only temporarily. The reservoir feeding pipeline through the town is also used for direct supply of some areas – by pump (when operated) or by gravity from the reservoirs. 1 The climatologic information is provided from the Gizil Burun (Siyazan) meteorological station 42 Water is also supplied from Baku II water pipeline. This pipeline is constructed in 1956 and takes ground waters of 2.65cub.m/s) capacity to Baku from around Khachmaz region The municipal water supply and distribution network was commissioned in 1954-1966 (~6 km) and tremendously expanded in 1978-1988 (~29 km). The network has slightly grown 1998-2000 (4,1 km) and 2006-2009 (2,8 km). Total length of existing supply and distribution lines is ~51 km. The distribution lines possess diameters between 50 and 250 mm. One of the water reservoirs situated on a local top of the hillside is made of concrete having a volume of 700 m3. Within the brick wood enclosure of an old reservoir a steel tank with 800 m3 capacity was constructed as second reservoir which is actually not functional. Both tanks are filled and distribute their water by a manually operated Water Distribution Center located some meters below the reservoirs. The number of people served by the water supply network in Siyazan town is 12,200 persons, which is 54 % of total population. Water quality tests taken during the project preparation shows compliance with GOST 2874-82 -“potable water” standards, except that bacteriological and turbidity standards are not met. Waters supply is constrained to 8 hours a day. 1,290 water meters have been installed. The water supply system is identified in the map below. Below is given map scheme of existing WS system taken from FS document. Place of existing water reservoir is given in Figure 3.2 43 Figure 3.1 Existing WS system in Siyazan 44 Figure 3.2. Existing water reservoir Due to the topographic conditions sewerage collection by gravity is possible in Siyazan. The existing sewerage network has a diameter of 100-300 mm and consists mainly of asbestos cement (~13,8 km). It was reported that at least 9 km of these pipes have expired their lifetime and must be replaced. Some sections of the sewer network are made of steel (~2.1 km) and have significant problems with corrosion and breakdown. Siyazan Sukanal operates and maintains its sewerage network and its mechanical wastewater treatment plant through its own department. Only a few main sewers are operational and the condition of the secondary network is very bad. The percent of the town population that is connected to sewer system is approximately 15-20%, and the percentage that benefits from the sewer system is declining as the system itself deteriorates. More and more parts of the network seem to get out of order. The majority of Siyazan inhabitants and surrounding villages use actually pits on their properties or drainage channels to dispose their sewerage. The facilities for mechanical treatment of wastewater are in very poor condition so that rehabilitation is not suitable. An asbestos cement pipe DN500 leads treated wastewater to a main channel of the agricultural drainage system. A site for a new WWTP was proposed by the local authorities which is located at a good place for a centralized sewer network. Further investigation concerning the opportunity to reuse of some existing sewers and the geological conditions of the future WWTP site will be necessary. The main economic activities in the rayon are oil and gas industry. Gravel and pebble construction materials as well as building blocks are produced in the rayon. Agriculture is intensively developed, specifically in poultry farming and grain-growing. Private and village farms are engaged in cattle- breeding. The number of cattle in Siyazan city is almost 3150. Almost 50 % of the employed people work in the public sector. The average monthly salary in Siyazan (including public and private sectors) is 252.3 AZN in 2009. Six large and medium and 6 small industrial and 2 agricultural enterprises have facilities in the rayon. 45 The following problems exist: General • Depletion of existing WSS assets due to lack of sustainable investments and insufficient capacities for Operation and Maintenance (O&M) • Little appreciation of public infrastructure sector and its organizations due to bad quality and service – consumers implement their individual solutions without a general concept • Provisional solutions become permanent solutions – mostly in consequence of damages and due to the limited budgets • Low awareness of hygienic interrelations of water supply, wastewater disposal and livestock farming cause high rates of water borne diseases • Major WSS supply lines and other facilities often affected by landslides and earthquakes Water Supply • Lack of mechanism for application of legislation to water withdrawal from Water Transmission Pipelines, • No sound legal protection of future investments • Limited number and capacity of water supply pumps and reservoirs – no extension according to growth of population and industry • Damages caused by great age, low material quality and insufficient installation depth of pipes lead to high losses within the water distribution network • Interrupted water supply and temporarily empty pipes cause bad water quality at house connections (bacteria, sediments, rust etc.) • Hygienic problems by private water storage tanks • New water supply lines/areas were implemented on the standards of the old systems i.e. regular steel pipes and manually operated pumps and valves • Manual operation of the water distribution system – no automation and control • Preference of gravity flow systems and bad reputation of pumps – as high manual effort and energy cost necessary to operate the existing old pumps. Wastewater • Wastewater collection, treatment and discharge is considered to be of minor importance compared to water supply facilities – low priority and nearly no investments since 1990 • Damages of existing sewers results in irregular wastewater flows at the surface • Too few shafts causing very limited access to existing sewer network • No equipment for maintenance and repair – no chance for troubleshooting • Sewerage disposal in unlined pits leads to pollution of ground and surface water – as private wells are also used for water supply this constitutes a serious health risk • Sludge disposal from pits and septic tanks is done illegally outside the municipal area Socio-Economic Situation • Low connection rate (50-70%) to public water supply network – many people are used to living with little water as they must carry it for a longer distance or buy it from tank trucks • Low connection rate (15-20% of population) to wastewater system • Bathrooms not common in the Rayon towns – improvement requires modification or extension of the houses and will depend on economic possibilities of the owners • Toilets mostly outdoor using open pits without flushing – future connection to a new sewer system will depend on personal interest and require private investments • Popular cohabitation with livestock within the urban settlement without sufficient disposal of excrements Institutional Situation • Low level of support for Local Sukanal (water agency) Departments by central organizations and institutions, and very limited provision of know how, equipment, vehicles etc. from central departments. 46 • Institutional complexity and dependency on central organizations and institutions inhibits solutions and investments on Rayon level • National Water Supply Tariffs are not cost-effective to cover necessary investments – for better water quality and 24hour supply the majority of consumers need to agree to higher rates. The current tariff rates apply to a normative demand which is much higher than actual. • Value and qualification of Rayon Sukanal staff are affected by the need of manual handling and trouble shooting. They are not in line with future O&M requirements. • Skepticism of villages concerning incorporation by the cities and/or integration by larger WSS organizations – disadvantages due to limited independency and priority of the city. • The management structure and skills of Sukanals are poorly aligned for operating as a service industry. There is an immediate need to address these issues through development and implementation of an efficient and effective WSS system that is affordable to local communities and which meets the needs of the range of stakeholders that it must serve. 3.2. Project Description The Government of Azerbaijan planned the implementation of National Water Supply and Sanitation Project with the financial assistance of World Bank since 2007. The second phase of the same project was approved on 27 May 2008 as Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (SNWSSP). The implementing agency of this second phase project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Farm JSC ( Amelioration JSC). The general objective of this Project is to improve the availability, quality, reliability, and sustainability of water supply and sanitation (WSS) services in 16 of Azerbaijan's regional (rayon) centers. Better infrastructure services of the secondary towns and cities shall be implemented to improve living conditions, reduce poverty and support local economic growth. The Feasibility Study was conducted by the Siyazan water project in 2010. In the project documentation it is indicated that the primary objective of the project is to improve the health and livelihoods of the urban communities through the provision of safe, potable quality and adequate water supply and sanitation. The Project contains 3 components: • A1: Rayon Investment component, which will finance priority investments in the WSS sector, such as the rehabilitation and extension of WSS systems, including facilities for wastewater and septic sludge treatment in rayon centers across Azerbaijan; • B1: Institutional Modernization component which will support development and implementation of an Institutional Development Plan (IDP) for Azersu and its subsidiary companies and State Amelioration and Water Management Agency (SAWMA), to improve the operational efficiency and sustainability of WSS services; • C1: Project Implementation and Management component, which will support project implementation by financing project management activities including Incremental Operating Costs due to the project, training, and annual audits of the project and entity accounts and financial statements. The November 2003 Presidential Decree No: 3 requires the Cabinet of Ministers to undertake measures for elimination of socio economic problems and to apply the norms of the European Social Charter. The proposed WSS project falls squarely within the scope of the Decree. The national WSS norms state that water supply to the population shall be 24 hour coverage of potable quality and delivered to the consumer at the appropriate pressure. These norms accord with the European Social Charter. 47 The Government’s sector policies, strategy and development are based on a National WSS Strategy (2000), which recommended the setting up of ‘Autonomous Commercially-Run Utilities, under the Regulatory Control of Local Government. In secondary towns, these utilities, known as SuKanals (Secondary towns water supply agency, prefixed by town name to designate the local branch – Siyazan SuKanal refers to the agency in the town of Siyazan), were to be transformed into financially self-sufficient institutions eventually be able to attract the private sector to participate in their operation and management. This was followed by a Presidential Decree No. 893 of March 2002, which further set out the sector development approach. This Decree promotes private section participation, an improved tariff system, metering of water supply and revision of the accounting systems. The following indicators will be followed: • Secure supply with potable water meeting World Health Organization (WHO) and/or national quality standards • Continuous water supply for 24 hours per day • Supply of each user with sufficient water for domestic needs • Water distribution system workable under operational pressures with low leakage rates • Safe collection and treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater and reduction of aquifer pollution • Compliance of water supply facilities, sewer system and wastewater treatment plant with international and/or Azeri standards. • Affordable water supply and sanitation prices for consumers and within determined service tariffs • Minimum use of natural resources to keep the impact of WSS measures on the environment at minimum level during implementation and maintenance. The Project aims to achieve its objectives through: • Implementation of a new, efficient and appropriately sized water and sanitation infrastructure by rehabilitation of existing facilities and construction of new ones where this is necessary. • Determine the operational bottlenecks of the water and sanitation system and develop project proposals to improve efficiency • Strengthening of local know how and capacity to deliver and maintain these services • Developing a sense of local ownership through community participation The water source for the proposed project in Siyazan rayon is the Baku Water Transmission Lines. As indicated above, laboratory water tests, except bacteriological, taken during the project preparation shows compliance with GOST 2874-82 -“potable water”. The designed water demand for Siyazan has been determined by the Feasibility Study as 66.24 l/s, which includes 62.08 l/s for domestic purposes of 29.800 person(180 l./c/.d), 2.49 l/s for agricultural purposes and 1.6 l/for industrial / commercial purposes. The research of Geology Institute of National Academy of Science indicates that during last 80 year period no qualitative and quantitative changes have been observed in the source of water of Baku I and II pipelines for the last 80 years. The capacity of Baku II Water Transmission Line is 2.65m³/s which is approximately 40 times higher than proposed water abstraction amount for Siyazan. This demonstrates the sustainability of the use of this water source. Also, this means that sustainable water supply will be provided for all users by this water source. Two new pumping stations which will be equipped with 2 main + 1 auxiliary pumps and the power requirements of each pipe are 30and 11 kW. The water taken from Baku II and pumped water to the Second Pumping Station will be pumped by the Second Pumping Station to the first water reservoir. The water requirement of the second zone will be pumped by the third pumping station to the second water reservoir. 48 Figure 3.3 Proposed place of location of reservoir 1 Within the scope of the project polyethylene based corrugated pipes will be laid in a wastewater network, and a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was decided to be constructed at the plot which is belonging to municipality, adjacent to the city and close to the Ist Baku Water Transmission Line during FS. However, due to the recent developments and territorial expansion of the surrounding settlements the distance between the settlements and the proposed WWTP site has become insufficient to meet the sanitary standards. Thus, the detailed design suggested an alternative location for the WWTP which is between the Buyuk Hemye Village and the Caspian Sea. The selected location of the WWTP is almost 1.5 km west of the Buyuk Hemye Municipality. The distance between the WWTP plant and Caspian Sea is approximately 800 m. This location will provide benefit for connection of Buyuk Hemye village by gravity to the WWTP. The land required for the WWTP belongs to the Municipality. General characteristics of the WTTP are as below: • Population Equivalent to be Served: 34 000 person (2030) • Daily Flow: 7, 000 m3/d • Dry Weather Peak Flow: 118l/s • Rainy Weather Peak Flow: 167l/s The extended aeration process with sludge drying beds is selected by the Consultant as theproject proposal for the system for treatment of wastewater of Siyazan. The WWTP will consist of the following main components: • Inlet Manhole • Faecal Sludge Tank • Inlet structures (Coarse, Fine screens and Inlet Pumping Station) • Grit and Grease Chambers • Inlet Venturi Channel • Biological Treatment Distribution Chamber • BioP Tank • Aeration Tanks • FeCl3 Dosing Station • Final Sedimentation Tanks Distribution Chamber • Final Sedimentation Tanks (FST) 49 • Return + Excess Sludge Pump Station • UV Disinfection Building • Treated Effluent Storage Tank • Sludge Holding Tank • Sludge Building • Blower Building • Transformer and Generator Building • Administration Building • Guard House These components are detailed as follows: • Faecal Sludge Tank Faecal sludge transported by trucks to the WWTP is delivered into the Faecal Pump Station of 40 m3 capacity. The delivery area is located outside the Inlet area on a reinforced concrete ground slab surrounded with wall to allow proper and separated cleaning through a floor drain. Body waste delivery is done through a pipe connection to allow ergonomic and hygienic operation with as less contact with the body waste as possible. The delivery line is equipped with pH meter, flow meter and in-line Muffin Monster. The in-line Muffin Monster is a proven solution for protecting pumps and systems. Its dual-shaft design uses low speed, high-torque power to shred tough solids in sewage and sludge. The insertion of this device instead of coarse screening will improve O&M by ensuring fully closed grinding and by saving one container. It will also avoid the pollution represented by the faecal sludge to be forwarded to the treatment process and not removed with screenings. One duty and one stand-by submersible screw centrifugal pumps are installed in the faecal pump pit to pump the body wastes to the Inlet Channel for further treatment. The screw centrifugal pumps are mounted on guide bars accessible by a shaft. A second shaft is designed to allow inspection and cleaning of the faecal pump pit after emptying and air extracting. • Screens There are three screen channels; one for by-pass equipped with a 50 mm bar space manually cleaned screen, the other two channels are equipped with one coarse screen with 35 mm opening and one 6 mm opening fine screen. These screens are automatically cleaned via level control in the channel. Belt conveyor and container for coarse screens and screw conveyor and screening press for fine screens are provided. • Inlet Pumping Station After screening, the wastewater enters into the Inlet Pump Station. Two duty and one stand-by submersible inlet pumps installed in the Inlet Pump Station are designed to deliver the peak hydraulic flow rate to the Grit and Grease Chamber by three pressure pipes laid in parallel. The pressure pipes empty when pumps stop. The pumps are close-loop controlled by high and low water level signal installed inside the pump pit. The pumps are mounted on guide bars accessible by a shaft. The filtrate from the grit classifier returns to the Inlet Pump Station. The Inlet Pump Station is provided with Automatic Sampling device with strainer installed into a vertical pipe at a depth to allow representative sampling.Grit and Grease Chamber There are two identical grit & grease chambers. One common grit & grease bridge is equipped with 2 submersible grit pumps. Grit collected in the grit channel next to the grit chamber is transported into the grit classifier. One duty and one standby blowers supply the required air. 50 Inlet Venturi Flume Inflow will be measured by a Venturi channel which will be located behind the grit and grease chamber. The measuring device consists of one sensor for the measurement of the water level in combination with a standard Khafagiventuri form. The documentation of the current flow situation as well as the recording of the daily water volume is to be provided from the flow measurement. The current flow will also be used for the control of the proportional return sludge flow. The measurement of inflow reflects the actual hydraulic load of the activated sludge tanks better than the outflow measurement because of delay-effects. • Biological Treatment Distribution Chamber Contact zone receives raw wastewater through venture channel, return sludge flow through RAS pumps and filtrate flow from sludge dewatering plant via filtrate pumps. In the contact zone, all these flows are mixed hydraulically. There are two overflow weirs in order to equally distribute the mixed flow to the aeration tanks. Weirs are equipped with manually operated weir type penstocks. • Bio-P Tank The tank is designed to enhance the biological phosphorus removal. It is oxidation ditch shape and equipped with a mixer • Aeration Tanks The total volume of the each Aeration Tank is 4750 m3. The tank is an oxidation ditch shape and equipped with submersible mixers and diffusers. Each tank has 770 pieces fine bubble diffuser and additional 200 pieces installed in the anoxic zone. Carbon and nitrogen removal is achieved within the activated sludge tanks. Stairs are designed between the two Aeration Tanks for safe pedestrian access to the upper part of the structures. Equipment handling is possible by using a platform trolley for Aeration Tanks #1 and #2. R/C platform and jib crane are designed at the end of the footbridge to allow suitable handling and loading of equipment (i.e. on a light truck). Mixers and pump removal is done by jib cranes. Operation of emptying valves on air grid is done from the sidewalk around the structures - Blower Building Air required for the process in the Aeration Tank #1 and #2 is supplied with two duty and one stand- by frequency controlled blowers installed in the Blower Room. The stand-by blower is installed between the two duty blowers with tee-connection to the air feeding pipes. Grids are provided in walls in front of each blower to allow proper ingoing fresh air during operation. The Blower Room is provided with forced ventilation system to allow suitable are change and to maintain suitable air temperature inside the room. - - Final Sedimentation Tanks (FST) Sludge being created through biological activity is collected in the 2 nos Final Sedimentation Tanks which allows sludge to settle out of treated water. This latest phase of the treatment is to be considered as the most important. Sludge settling and compaction characteristics shall be monitored accordingly since it is directly linked to the performance of the WWTP. Accumulated sludge layer, forms at the bottom of the tank is periodically removed by gravity to the Return + Excess Sludge Pump Well by a DN560 HDPE pipe. 51 The Final Sedimentation Tanks are designed as a circular structure (Dint: 26.00m ; H: 3.70m ; Bottom slope: 1/12) with reinforced concrete raft foundation and walls. The scraper bridge is bear with at the center of the tank by four reinforced concrete columns. The treated water is collected in a channel corbelled out from the walls around the tank. Rotating scraper bridge with bottom and surface scraper is installed in the Final Sedimentation Tanks. Suspended bottom scraper aims at concentrating the accumulated sludge layer to the centre of the Final Sedimentation Tank to ensure efficient sludge removal. Scum is retained by peripheral scum boards and there is a scum hopper fitted to the peripheral wall of the tank. A flap arm scrapes the scum with each rotation of the scraper bridge and flushes the scum through to the adjacent Scum Pump Station #2. The scum box is located at the eastern part of the tank, opposite to the prevailing wind direction (N-E). This alternative allows better O&M conditions especially regarding the scum pump removal. Effluent measurement is achieved via electromagnetic flow meter. DN200 diameter flow meter is installed in a chamber. - Return and Excess Sludge Pumping Station Collected sludge from the bottom of the Final Sedimentation Tanks is delivered into the Return + Excess Sludge Pump Well by gravity. Manually operated telescopic valve is installed on the Ø560 pipeline just at the pump sump to allow isolation from the Final Sedimentation Tank. The Return + Excess Sludge Pump Well is equipped with the following submersible pumps: Two duty and one stand-by return sludge pumps to the Biological Treatment Distribution Chamber, controlled with frequency converter One duty and one stand-by excess sludge pumps to the Sludge Holding Tank - Sludge Holding Tank Excess sludge is collected from the Return + Excess Sludge Pump Station and pumped into one Sludge Holding Tank equipped with a submerged aerator to prevent phosphorus release. Filtrate from the Sludge Dewatering Building is connected to the Sludge Filtrate Pump Station equipped with one duty and one stand-by submersible pumps. Filtrate is pumped to the Contact Zone. There will be one duty and one standby centrifuge to dewater the excess sludge from inlet DS of %0.88 to outlet DS of %20. Excess sludge is fed into the centrifuges by one duty and one standby positive displacement type pump. One polymer preparation unit with one duty and one standby positive displacement type dosing pump are also provided. Dewatered sludge from the centrifuges flows on to the screw conveyors and transported into the containers. The storage capacity of the dewatered sludge containers will be 3 days. Sludge treatment equipment are designed according to operation time of 7 days/week and 14 hours/day. An overhead travelling crane is provided for maintenance purposes - Administration Building incl. Laboratory and Workshop An administration and maintenance building will be built in the site of the WWTP. This building will include all facilities required for properly operating the plant. For this reason it is located in an appropriate and central place, with view and easy access to all treatment units. On the other hand there is enough distance to possible odor sources like sludge treatment The building will include offices, laboratory, control room, workshop, stores, showers and sanitary facilities, dressing rooms, kitchen, and meeting room. The building will be alimented with electricity and potable water. • Transformer and Generator Building Transformer and Generator Building The Transformer and Generator Building includes the following rooms: MV Panel Room 52 LV Panel Room Transformer #1 Transformer #2 Generator Room The LV Panel Room includes the Programmable Logic Controllers which controls the following: MV and LV System Monitoring and Alarm Transformers Monitoring and Alarm Generator System Monitoring and Alarm Energy Management System The Transformer and Generator Building is designed as a rectangular shape building with reinforced concrete strip foundations, ground slab, walls, beams and terrace roof. The effluent limits applied for the FS Document has been changed for Nitrogen and Phosphorus parameters based on the agreement made with AZERSU JSK on September 7, 2012. This agreed with the effluent limit values as presented in the table below(Table 3.1): As known the European Council Directive (91/271/EEC) concerning urban waste water treatment (herein after named UWWTD) which is the standard applied in Azerbaijan. According to UWWTD the effluent standards has been set as: Table 3.1. Effluent Standards proposed for Design • Parameter (Unit) Non-Sensitive Area • BOD5 • Mg/l • 25 • COD • Mg/l • 125 • TSS • Mg/l • 35 • N,tot • Mg/l • 15.0 • P,tot • Mg/l • 2.0 *: Requirements for discharges from urban waste water treatment plants to sensitive areas which are subject to eutrophication. The Specially Protected Water Objects are defined as sensitive areas by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Azerbaijan Republic No.77 of May 1, 2000. This resolution added some articles to the Water Code of the Azerbaijan Republic of December 26, 1997(Article 74 ). The resolution states the following: “…There shall be the following categories of specially protected water objects: • areas of internal waters of the Azerbaijan Republic and of the Azerbaijan Republic section of the Caspian Sea (lake); • wetlands; • running water courses and water collectors designated as rare natural landscapes; • zones of protection of source and mouth of water objects; • places of spawning and wintering of valuable fish types; • water objects with integral link to forests, flora and fauna and other specially protected natural resources; • basins of underground water reserves…” The areas categorized above could be designated as sensitive areas, according to the described procedure on the same resolution. As known the EC Directive 97/271 /EC is applicable to all surface water bodies and the Caspian Sea under the territory of Azerbaijan. The question remains whether the surface water resources could be eutrophic and designated as sensitive areas in future. If the effluent contains partly removed Nitrogen and Phosphorus, they can be eutrophic and the area of the effluent discharge can be designated as sensitive areas, which will allow for the protection of the receiving water quality based on their utilization. Therefore removal of organic substances that are main reasons for eutrophication is preferred through a settled agreement between the relevant government agencies. Based on this agreement the new design criteria is set for the removal of 53 phosphorus and nitrogen by the modification of wastewater treatment plants of rayons. This modification is expected to contribute to keeping the water quality of the discharged water bodies Furthermore Azerbaijan is party to the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea. Part III Article 7 paragraph (f) of the Framework Conventions states that: “in order to reduce organic substances inputs from industrial and municipal sources, the best available environmentally sound technology is to be applied”. As known the designed technology was considering secondary treatment. However the nutrient removal which is considered in the modified design criteria has resulted to the increase in the level of treatment. Since the discharged effluent has been received short after Atachay by Caspian Sea, which might be designated as a sensitive area according to the UWWTD and international requirements as specified above, the modification in WWTP is necessary for removal of nutrients. The requirements for sludge treatment proposed by the Consultant are stabilization of sludge and dry solids content of approx. 20% - 25%. which can be achieved by mechanical dewatering. By year 2030 a population equivalent main indicator will be of 36,877 people PE served by the WWTP.. Mainly planned in the project the extended aeration system is feasible from economic and implementation point of view and is characterised with a low probability of accidents as in this variant a heated septic reservoir and utilization of gas is not required. The proposed place of location of new waste water treatment facilities during FS is given illustrated in Figure 3. 4. In accordance with the FS, the treated wastewater would be discharged to the Atachay which flows into the Caspian Sea. Alteration of the WWTP’s location has not changed the water body where the treated water will be discharged. The treated wastewater in the amount of 7000 m³/day will be discharged to the Atachay which is located at 700 m southeast of WWTP. The discharged water will access the Caspian Sea within approximately 800 m. The discharged water will access to the Caspian Sea within approximately 800 m. For new location of WWTP please see the following sketch. The land where new WWTP will be located belongs to the municipality and used for animal grazing purposed. No confliction has been expected due to existence of availability of more land in the area for animal grazing. Besides that a committee formed within the Siyazan city has evaluated the location of WWTP and approved for the use of land for treatment purposes. The nearest settlement area to the WWTP is Buyuk Hemye Village which is located approximately 1100 m northwest of WWTP. The sensitive receptors from the point of social, cultural, economic and ecological point of view are considered to be a school, a wine factory and Caspian Sea. The school and wine factory are almost at the same distance to the WWTP which is approximately 1800 m. Caspian Sea has a shore line almost 600 m east of WWTP (See Following Figure). 54 Land Use and Receptor Areas in the Vicinity of WWTP 55 Figure 3. 4 Proposed place of location of new waste water treatment facilities in FS Approximately 7.000 m³/day treated waste water will be discharged to Atachay. Daily, Sludge produced in the plant sludge will be dewatered by mechanically. . According to Item 3.7, 3rd Article, Azerbaijan Republic Cabinet of Ministers Decision about Sanitary Rules, Hygiene and Environmental Specifications Based Cities and Other Cities and Other Populated Areas Treatment, Temporary Domestic Waste Storage, Regular Removal and Neutralization Guidelines dated 21 April 2005 No. 74, landfill disposal of solid domestic waste of hazardous and safe (intra-sedimental) industrial waste and waste which can be recycled (repeatedly used ) is prohibited. Since the sludge will be dewatered and lessened due to the proposed process will be approximately 24 m³/day. Therefore the sludge will be stored within the plant and will be used in agricultural activities during That is why , sludge will be stored within the Plant WWTP and will be used in agricultural activities during the season. In that case, the chemical content of sludge to be used in agriculture must meet requirements of sludge content environmental control standard presently effective in Azerbaijan. According to health statistics of Siyazan Rayon between 2000 and 2009, the most common waterborne disease is viral hepatitis. Its occurrence is app. 4.8 in a year. Acute intestinal infections, dysentery and salmonellas follow viral hepatitis with 2.5, 0.8 and 0.5 occurrences in a year respectively. Waterborne diseases are expected to decrease in time with the upgrade of infrastructure facilities in the rayon. 3.3 Project area and the location of project infrastructure to be included. Siyazan rayon center which is project area has been located in the north-east of the Greater Caucasus. Siyazan territory consists of plain-foothill and highland zones(See Figure 3.5). 56 Figure 3.5. Map of location of Siyazan region The project in Siyazan does n’ot include any adjacent villages to the proposed water resources. Therefore the project service area has been considered to be only the Siyazan city center for the water supply system. 57 The project service area for which the sewage disposal project has been prepared consists of the Siyazan rayon center. In additionally, in future a separate sewerage collector might be connected to the wastewater treatment plant from Buyukhemye Village. Therefore only Buyukhemye Village will beis included in the design too the wastewater treatment plant. Land use in Siyazan is illustrated in Figure 3.6. . Below is given division of the rayon territory to different areas depending on water sources, land use and type of economical activity(Figure 3.6). Figure 3.6. Land use and economic areas in Siyazan region A map of the location of existing and proposed water and waste water infrastructure identified in the in the FS document infrastructure are gis given in the ANNEXES I-IV 3.4. Legal and Institutional Strengthening Existing Organization: Services related to sewerage system and stormwater are under the responsibility of Local Birleshmish SuKanal Authority. The Siyazan Su-Kanal Department operates with a staff of 7 administrative and 41 operational personnel.y. Proposals for Strengthening of Institutional Structure: The main proposal for the organization is to separate Siyazan Su Kanal Department from the central organizations like AZERSU and Birleshmish Su Kanal in order to have an efficient and operational management structure. Existing organizational structure of the Siyazan Su Kanal Department is proposed to be kept mainly as it is. However some small modifications within the organization structure have been proposed to be realized in order to improve the Siyazan Su Kanal Department. As a must, the constructed wastewater treatment plant will require a few skilled staff, like plant director, engineer/chemist and a technician, and ordinary workers. The technician and workers for the wastewater treatment plant could be selected and trained from the existing staff of the Siyazan Su Kanal Deparment. Besides that a part time Information Technologies Specialist (IT Specialist) is proposed to assist to the Siyazan Su Kanal 58 Department Head. IT specialist will assist to the installation and development of information technologies within the organization. (See Figure 3.7 for the extended units of the Organizational Structure of the Siyazan Su Kanal Department) 59 FIGURE 3.7. PROPOSED ORGANIZATION DIAGRAM OF SIYAZAN SU KANAL DEPARMENT(FS) 60 4. BASELINE DATA 4.1. Bio-physical description of project area Relief and geological structure Siyazan region is situated on the north-east slope of BigGreater Caucasus mountains of the same natural region. The area of the region have complex relief condition. Flat, foothills and mountainous relief forms are distributed here. Absolute altitude changes between 28 m and 2205 m. The Flat part of the area is on Samur-Devechi lowland. The Caspian coast side of this lowland is situated below ocean-level. The lowland is of accumulative origin and covered with sea sedimentary rocks of forth age. Towards the west from the lowland the absolute altitude increases and flat relief is replaced with plateaus, low and middle relief forms. The main part of the region is on the Front Caucasus tectonic landing zone (Gusar-Devechi synclinorium) and only the west mountainous part is on GreaterBig Caucasus tectonic ascend zone (Tenge-Beshbarmag anticlinorium). Siyazan region is situated on magnitude 7 seismic zone. The geological structure of the area is complex. There are two geological Age of Mammals and Age of Reptiles rocks that are mentioned in Azerbaijan. Age of Mammals rocks are distributed more widely. They are mainly represented by third and fourth age rocks (clays, sand stones, sahels, etc.). Fourth age rocks are distributed on the east side, the third age rocks on the central side and Chalk aged rocks of the Age of Reptiles on the west side. The whole area of region is covered with sedimentary rocks. Climate According to the climate condition, the area of Siyazan rayonregion can be divided into two parts. semi-desert and dry climate type is superior on the east side of the region where plains predominateflats are widely spread, and temperate warm climate type is superior on the west side where mountain mountains predominatrelief forms are widely spread (as per Keppens’ classification). On the area that is situated on semi-desert and temperate warm climate type the aAverage annual rainfall quantity reaches tois 300-350 mm in the semi-desert region of the rayon; this forms 30-35% of the possible evaporation quantity. Precipitation is distributed irregularly during the year. Most precipitation (70%) falls in the cold period (October-March) of the year. The summer is warm and winter is moderate. The average annual temperature of the weather is 12-13ºC. The area has big thermic resources. Table 4.1 describes average monthly and annual amounts of the main climate elements of Siyazan region and on Pic. 4.1 wind flower is given. . Climate information about Siyazan region is given according to the Siyazan meteorological station.As it seems from Pic. 4.1 the north-west winds predominateare superior in the region. 61 Table 4.1. Average monthly and annual amounts of the main climate elements (according to the Siyazan station information H=26 m) № Name of element I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Annual Weather temperature, C0 a) average 1,4 2,0 4,4 9,5 16,0 21,0 24,3 24,0 19,9 14,2 8,7 4,1 12,5 1 b) absolute maximum 24 24 28 34 35 40 40 41 39 36 28 21 41 v) absolute minimum -18 -17 -9 -4 1 5 10 10 5 -4 -9 -14 -18 2 Rainfalls, mm 27 21 26 27 18 19 16 13 32 38 43 28 308 3 Wind speed, m/s 4,3 4,2 4,6 5,0 4,3 4,6 4,6 5,0 4,6 4,2 4,3 4,1 4,5 Absolute humidity of the weather, 4 6,1 6,1 6,8 9,3 13,4 16,8 20,3 20,4 17,0 12,8 9,4 6,9 12,1 mb Relative humidity of the weather, 5 84 84 82 77 73 65 64 66 72 80 82 83 76 % 6 Humidity deficit, mb 1,2 1,2 1,6 3,2 5,6 9,7 11,3 10,5 6,8 3,4 2,0 1,5 4,8 62 Figure 4.1. Wind flower (according to the Siyazan station information) Soil types The height zoning is clearly seen in the distribution of soil types over the area. In the arid and semiarid landscapes of the investigated area irrigated soils, sewage soils, boharic soils and practically not cultivated versions of the meadow-brown, meadow-forest, meadow-grey-brown, grey- brown, meadow-grey, flow-meadow (alluvial-meadow) soils cover a wide region area. Information on the main soil types distributed in the area is given in the Table 4.2. Table 4.2. Distributed soil types in Siyazan region № Soil types Bonitet marks Area, ha 1 Mountain-meadow 90.00 3,870.00 2 Brown mountain-forest 86.00 22,320.00 3 Meadow brown 85.00 20,070.00 4 Mountain-grey-brown 59.00 36,720.00 5 Clay-yellow 94.00 6,840.00 6 Chestnut (not completely developed) 18.00 14,670.00 7 Meadow grey (irrigated) 68.00 27,270.00 8 Grey-brown 42.00 15,840.00 9 Alluvial-meadow 63.00 13,770.00 10 Marshy grassland 71.00 5,940.00 11 Sandy place 10.00 8,640.00 Total 63.00 175,950.00 70% Seventy percent of grey-brown soils, more than 80% of meadow-grey-brown and meadow- forest soils have been are changed into agro-irrigation landscapes. Formation of meadow-brown soils is connected with gound waters being situated close to the surface. Irrigated meadow-brown soils have been completely changed into agrolandscapes. 63 Ecosystems Natural landscape types In Siyazan region there are three main landscape types ( ecosystem types): 1.Flat semi-desert ecosystem 2.Foothills semi-desert ecosystem 3.Forest ecosystem of low mountains Semi-desert ecosystem of flat areas covers the territory between Samur-Absheron channel and Caspian Sea. Foothills semi-desert ecosystem is distributed in the middle part of the region (200-600 m heights). Vegetative cover Flora The main part of semi-desert ecosystem plants are consisted of different types of wormwood, ethyl alcohol ephemmeroids, etc. Depending on the soil-ecological condition of the area, wormwood and ethyl alocohol ephemmeroids together cover the soil surface from 25-30% up to 70-80%. In wet years rich rainfall spring season Poa Bulbusa, Dolium rigidum Ejand, Erodium cicaturium, and in dry years Salsola dendroides are widely distributed. Semi-desert plant yield is not so high and usually changes falls between 1-7 s/ha. The low mountain forest zone stretches as a narrow belt between 500-600 m and 800-900 m above sea levelheight. At the east of the zone, due to dryness of the climate, the upper border of the forests ascend up to 1200-1400 m (in some areas 1600 m) height. Oak and hornbeam trees are superior in the forests. Georgian (or Iberian) oak seldom forms pure forest, but mainly with hornbeam and sometimes together with lime-tree. On flat crests of the low mountain beddings and on gentle slopes there are oak forests. On other areas basically oak, ash-tree and oak-hornbeam forests predominateare superior. Due to humidity increase oIn river valleys and hollows of low mountains lian pistachio-tree and hornbeam forests are developed. Under oak and oak-hornbeam forests complex structured little trees and bushes grow. The animal world Fauna Typical animals of semi-desert and dry fields are wolf, fox, jackal, rabbit, etc. Preyers occur close to sheep-pens and villages, as well as in open semi-desert areas. Because of fox and jackal being mainly rodent feeders, they usually live far away from settlements. Grey, chestnut and red coloured small fox (Vulpes Alpheraklyi) that feeding withon insects and rodents are widely spread. On semi-desert and dry fields from rodents bBadger, spotted or polecat (Vormela Sarmatica) and weasel also occur in semi-desert and dry fiels areas, but rarely. Field mouse (Microtus Socialis), Red tail mouse (Meriones crythrourusi), Bogdanov field mouse, Williams arab rabbit, small arab rabbit, grey mountain mouse (Cricetulus Migratorius), house and forest mouses, sand mouse, rabbit are typical rodents of semi- desert and dry fields. Here, from insect feedings lop-eared hedgehog, long-tailed white-toothed, stink badger (Pachyure etrusca), considered as the smallest mammallia, also occur. OnBirds in the semi desert zone semi-desert and dry fields from birdsinclude stonebird (Ocnanthe isabelino), crested lark (Alanda ciristata), grey lark, field lark, red duck, simple dove, etc. can be shown. Reptiles commonly occur in semi-deserts and arid-denuded low mountains. Tortoise, some types of lizards including snake-eyed lizard and others, occur.. Snakes are also widely spread: adder (Vipera labitina), təlxə (Coluber jugularis), venomous snake, blind snake, feeding with insects (Contia collaris). 64 From amphibians only green land frog (Bufo Viridis) can be shown. There are many types of different insects. According to structure and way of life of the animal world tThe mountain forest zone is differs dramatically from otherthe semi-desert zone in terms of its faunalandscape-ecological systems in Siyazan. O. One of the rare animals of the forest zoneis place is the forest cat. In mountain-forest landscape badger and squirrel are rarely mentioned. Here, some types of mouses and forest mousesrı, bush mouse, Caucasus mouse), shrew and other rodents are widely spread. Mountain forests are dwelling place for black woodpecker, three types of many-coloured woodpecker, snow bird, colourful nightingale, siskin, red throat. There are also water sparrow, long-tailed tomtit (in winter months), grey eagleowl in this belt. From Among reptiles, snake, rock lizard, grass-snake are mentioned in this belt. Mountain forests are also rich with insects (dark blue proserus insect, blue alpine insect), forest bee and snails. Anthropogenic transformation of natural landscape 60%Sixty percent of semi-desert complexes are occupied by pasture and hayfield, 2,8% by agroirrigation (18,6% grain, 4,2% vegetable, melon plantation) landscapes, 8,4% by technogen modifications (road, channel, gas, oil pipe, current lines, etc.), 8,8% by river-beds, gorge, ravine, valley, etc. useless areas. In the semi-desert zone, pipeliness, automobile and rail routes, electrical lines, irrigation channels and other man-made modifications separate large areas of the natural environment into small parts. In some places man-made developments (between Gilazi-Zarat) occupy over 25% area of semi-deserts. Anthropogenic transformation of dry fields . Bushy-fields, second-fields, forest-bushy-fields differ from each-other accrording to their anthropogenic degree. Seventy eight percent of The anthropogenesis of black thorn, wormwood bushy fields forming on grey-brown soils of sloping flats is is attributable to human activityequal to 0.78%. ; 35% of these complexes are is irrigated garden, 47% is irrigated garden- plantation, hayfield and 18% are other usare technogen modificationses. Human activity has converted 85 – 90 percent high sloping plains and terraces to fields Modern anthropogenesis of high sloping flats, forest-field and fields of river terraces reaches to 0,85 and of weak decomposited, wide terraced fields to 0,9. Analysis of cartographic information referring to the 20th century shows that all these fields arose as the result of destruction of old forests where oak was superior. Anthropogenic transformation of intrazonal landscapes. These complexes differ with their both high natural dynamic and sharp anthropogenesis. At the beginning of 20th century lowland intrazonal complexes occupied more than 70% of area only in Samur-Davachi . As a result of anthropogenic transformation of natural landscapes flat forests have been replaced with forest-bushes, forest-meadows, bogs, meadows, meadow-bushes and different anthropogenic modifications. Forest, forest-bushes and forest-meadow complexes These complexes – frequently undergo to anthropogenic impacts around settlements, big railway and automobile terraces. Meadow-bog and flat-meadow complexes are one of the the most aggravated anthropogenesis units of region. Average anthropogenesis coefficient changes are between 0,7-0,8. 65 Underground and surface waters Surface waters The main rivers of Siyazan region are Siyazanchay, Davachichay and Gilgilchay. At the north of region the low flow of Valvalachay separates Siyazan from Guba region. Main morphometric and flow characteristics of these rivers have been given on Table 4.3 and flow sources on Table 4.4. Table 4.3. Average long-term and extremal water use of rivers Annual Maximum Minimum Water flow Average height N River post water use, water use, catchment norm, of basin, m m3/s m3/s area, km2 m3/s .1 Atachay- Altiagaj 0,062 64.5 0 22.4 1360 Kharmidorchay- 2. Khaltan 0,31 20,6 0,002 42,4 1380 3. Gilgilchay-Jalagan 0,74 110 0 696 (920) Note: Both of hydrological stations on Valvalachay are in Guba region. Table 4.4. Flow sources of the rivers N River station Snow waters, % Rain waters, % Ground waters, % Kharmidorchay- 1. Khaltan 14 50 36 2. Atachay- Altiagaj 18 74 8 The Gilgilchay river starts from Gulumdostu mountain (on 1980 m altitude). It is also high water flood river. The mineralization degree of water reaches to 920 mg/l. Water resources are using mainly in irrigation. Atachay river is created at 1870 m upper the joining of Agchay and Mintyanka river.s. The mineralization degree of water reaches to 900-1300 mg/l. Underground waters The area of Siyazan region is mainly consistsing of clayey rocks of the palaeogene and neogene periods. Local occurrences of sands, gravels and limestones are common, but these are of limited extent and do not support the formation of significant groundwater resources. Accordingly, both ground and aretsian water resources in the region are limited. Groundwater plays a role in feeding the rivers of the area (see Table 4.4), but their role is small in comparison with other sources of water that feed the rivers and in arid years in summer monthes these rivers dry up. In the foothills of Gilgilchay basin there are fresh and little mineralized ground water resources. According to the assessments the resources of these waters are 1000 m3/day. 66 4.2. Social-economic character of Project area Economical-geographical position Siyazan region is one of the five administrative regions (Shabran, Khachmaz, Guba, Gusar, Siyazan) of Guba-Khachmaz economical-geographical region. The area of Siyazan region is 759 km2 and population is 37.6 thousand. Siyazan region is situated oin the north-east of AzerbaijanRepublic. The economical-geographical position of the region is very advantageous from a development perspective. Transportation and communication lines pass through the region going from Azerbaijan to Russia and other CIS countries to the north; also, the proximity of region to the highly developed industrial centre plays an important role in developing the economy of the region. The transport network of the region is represented by rail, automobile, pipe-line transport types. The passing of main rail-automobile lines through the region, and also the direct access of the region to the sea create very good economic development conditions. As an indicator of development potential, the Baku-Khachmaz-Darband railway line that passes through Siyazan recorded an increase in freight and passengers of 2 – 2.5 times in the 1995 – 1996 period. Population Population dynamics in Siyazan region is given in Table 4.5. Table 4.5. Increase dynamics of population number in Siyazan region (thousand persons) 1st of January situation Area 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012 Republic of Azerbaijan 7131.9 7643.5 8032.8 8447.3 9356.5 City population 3847.3 4005.6 4116.4 4477.6 4966.2 Village population 3284.6 3637.9 3916.4 3969.7 4390.3 Guba-Khachmaz economic 373.7 417.8 445.3 465.9 511.7 region – total City population 123.1 134.6 138.9 154.8 172.5 Village population 250.6 283.2 306.4 311.1 339.2 Siyazan region 29.2 31.8 33.8 35.8 39.4 City population 19.7 21.5 22.3 23.4 25.6 Village population 9.5 10.3 11.5 12.4 13.8 As identified in Table 4.5 most people in Siyazan region live in villages and the urbanization level is 65%. The birth rate of the region was 19.7 per 1000 people in the 1990’s, but this has dropped to 9.3 births per 1000 more recently. The average density of population is 56 people per km2. The working population is 34% of the total population. Siyazan attracts immigrants from other CIS countries. Displaced persons from Nagorno-Karabakh are also inhabit the region. Displaced persons having limited economic means and faced with unemployment are among the most vulnerable groups in society in Shabran region. Economic-social situation In Siyazan region approximately 50 % of employed persons work in state sector. There are 6 industrial and 2 agricultural institutions. The average monthly salary is 252.3 AZN. The social-economic indicators of the region are given in Table 4.6. 67 Table 4.6. The social-economic indicators of Siyazan region. Number of doctors, person 94 Number of infant schools 5 Number of doctors per 10000 25.1 Number of children there, 391 persons person Number of average medical 220 106 Number of children against 100 workers, person places in infant schools Number of average medical 58.7 Internal general education workers per 10000 persons schools 24 Number of hospitals 3 Number of pupils there, person 6371 Number of hospital beds 220 Industrial activity focuses on oil-gas production, other local raw material resources, food industries and hardware production. In addition, there is a carpet factory in Siyazan. Local inhabitants are mainly busy with grain-growing, vegetable-growing and cattle-breeding, however. More recently, At recent times wheat plantingcultivation ishas been of considerable increased (Table 4.7). Over Siyazan region production of plant-growing crops and productivity on aAgriclutural data spheres are given in Tables 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10 and 4.11. Table 4.7. Sowing areas over Siyazan region, ha № Sowing areas 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1 Orchard sowing area 85 85 85 135 135 135 137 2 Sowing areas of grain 1585 3375 3611 4686 3446 1348 1591 and grain beans 3 Wheat sowing area 995 2492 2325 3190 2305 678 672 4 Barley sowing area 577 873 1275 1486 1130 646 906 5 Maize sowing area for 8 8 8 8 9 22 12 grain 6 Potato sowing area 21 34 34 37 40 33 29 7 Vegetable sowing area 53 73 80 90 96 66 65 8 Sowing area of foodstuff melon 27 38 40 46 47 42 39 plantation 9 Orchard sowing area 85 85 85 135 135 135 137 10 Vineyard sowing area 400 50 50 4 4 24 24 68 Table 4.8. Production of plant-growing crops over Siyazan region, ton № Production field 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1 Production of grain 2832 6923 6934 6859 5485 1287 2331 and grain beans 2 Wheat production 2012 5397 4768 5142 3889 625 1025 3 Barley production 798 1510 2147 1699 1576 624 1272 4 Maize production for 17 13 14 15 17 35 33 grain 5 Potato production 147 277 280 294 302 187 164 6 Vegetable production 432 507 524 610 550 323 374 7 Production of foodstuff melon 159 253 249 258 259 204 184 plantation 8 Fruit production 389 382 387 798 697 552 589 9 Grape production 122 53 23 42 18 23 23 Table 4.9. Productivity on agricultural fields in Siyazan region, cent/ha № Productivity 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1 Grain productivity 17.9 20.5 19.2 14.6 15.9 9.5 14.7 2 Wheat productivity 20.2 21.7 20.5 16.1 16.9 9.2 15.2 3 Barley productivity 13.8 17.3 16.8 11.4 13.9 9.7 14 4 Maize productivity 21.4 16.4 17.3 18.5 18.9 16.0 27.1 for grain 5 Potato productivity 70 82 82 80 75 57 57 6 Vegetable 82 70 66 68 57 49 58 productivity 7 Productivity of foodstuff melon 59 67 62 56 55 49 47 plantation 8 Fruit productivity 45.8 44.9 45.4 71.3 69.8 55 59 9 Grape productivity 2.7 1.6 1.6 50 29.1 42.8 40.3 One of the specialized fields of the region is cattle-breeding. In flat areas milk-beef cattle breeding, in foothills and mountainous areas sheep-breeding is developed (Table 4.10). Table 4.10. Number of cattle in Siyazan (thousands) Cattle-breeding 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 fields Cow and bufallo 4518 4660 4860 4974 5024 5088 5130 Sheep and goat 29319 35060 36650 38970 40228 41392 40855 In broiler enterprises of Siyazan chicken and eggs are producing (Table 4.10). 69 Table 4.11 Animal produce production in Siyazan region № Production fields 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1 Meat production, ton 411 6229 5951 7895 7671 14224 15951 (undercut) 2 Milk production, ton 5700 7624 7850 7714 7880 8034 8048 3 Egg production, 1360 16639 13942 19375 16789 25696 32414 thousand 4 Wool production, ton 45 58 71 75 77 81 72 4.3. Significant changes in Project area In Siyazan region reestablishment of Water Supply and Sewerage systems take into account the following construction works: 1. For Water Supply system; • Construction of reservoirs; • Construction of pump stations; • Lay on water supply lines. 2. For Sewerage System • Construction of sewage cleaning structures • Installation of lines (main waterway) removing sewage 4.4. Information Rreliability There are three main sources of used information in preparing of report: 1. Existing web-sites, questionnaire, scientific literature; 2. Visual field investigation; 3. Experts’ investigation objects and knowledges on environment and generalization skills. Information on physical-geographical condition, geological structure, soil cover, ecosystems, vegetative and animal worlds of the region have been taken from appropriate monographs and “Atlas of Azerbaijan”. Main sources of information on climate, surface and ground waters of the territory have been taken from different questionnaires of National Hydrometeorology and Department of Monitoring of Environment and they are the results of monitorings conducted on last years. General information on social-economic situation of the region have been taken from relative monographs and web-site of State Statistics Committee. Information on Water Supply and Sewerage System structures (reservoirs, pump stations, water cleaning structure, water supply lines, etc.) that will be constructed and renewed in the territory have been taken from TES reports implemented by Temelsu organization, also as the result of Eptisa and Hydrometeorological Consulting organizations experts’ visual field review, which was undertaken in June 2010. Members of the EIA project team have implemented scientific-investigation works and realized projects in different regions of Azerbaijan, including in Siyazan region. In preparation of reports, gathering, processing, analyzing and generalization of information they used their knowledge and skills. The quality and exactness of information used in preparation of report can be considered as generally satisfactory. However, it is be noted that there is limited information on fauna where the water treatment plant will be constructed. 70 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 5.1 Environmental Issues The boundaries of the EIA study are defined in two ways: • The boundaries of the project service area are defined by the boundaries of Siyazan city and nearby villages in Siyazan Rayon. • The boundaries of the specific facilities to be established through the project are defined by the facilities themselves and the area of potential impact adjacent to them. The area of potential impact differs for different potential impacts (e.g. the area of potential impact associated with visual impacts is greater than the area of potential impact associated with land use disturbance), and these will be defined in the EIA study in association with the nature of the potential impacts themselves. The EIA study reflects project boundaries according to each of these considerations As described above the Project documentation has identified the following environment-related problems associated with existing WSS systems in Siyazan region: • The untreated waste waters pollute groundwater and surface water. • Land and atmosphere air pollution by the effect of untreated waters discharged to open areas, posing a health threat on the local population. • Leakages from old WS facilities (including water losses as a result of accidental breakage of old pipelines) and also inefficiency of water use lead to drinking water shortage by volume and time scales. • Discharge of untreated industrial wastes (including medical) represents an immediate public health risk. • Little effort is made to reduce, reuse or recycle waste waters discharged to the sewage collector. • Absence of water meters lead to inefficient use of drinking water, including its use for irrigation and other purposes • There is need to provide irrigation water supply from Samur- Absheron canal for lower tariffs than drinking water The proposed project is intended to address these problems. Therefore, the primary environmental improvements associated with the proposed project will be the creation of an environmentally sound WSS system that eliminates these problems to the extent feasible. The major environmental risks associated with project implementation are as follows: • Proposed facilities are not in fact designed or constructed properly, either because sites are not sufficiently investigated to ensure that appropriate designs are undertaken, or because of inadequate design and/or construction supervision. • Proposed facilities are not operated properly, either because management or operational staff are inadequately trained or because inadequate financial resources are available to maintain the water management system following the investment. The main socio-economic risks relate to the potential negative impact of the project during construction: the project may disrupt the community for an extended period during its construction. Disruptions at the residential level may occur as a result of the noise and dust associated with construction, and disruptions to local economic activity may occur as a result difficulty in crossing construction zones and difficulty in accessing business locations. 5.2. Potential Positive Project Impacts The primary objective of the project is to improve the health and livelihoods of the urban communities through the provision of safe, potable quality and adequate water supply and sanitation. Based on the feasibility study document the following indicators will be followed: • Secure supply with potable water meeting World Health Organization (WHO) and/or national quality standards • Continuous water supply for 24 hours per day • Supply of each user with sufficient water for domestic needs 71 • Water distribution system workable under operation pressures with low leakage rates • Safe collection and treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater and reduction of aquifer pollution • Compliance of water supply facilities, sewer system and wastewater treatment plant based on international and/or Azeri standards(Annex 6). • Affordable Water Supply and Sanitation Prices for consumers and within determined service tariffs • Minimum use of natural resources to keep the impact of WSS measures on the environment at minimum level during implementation and maintenance Implementation of the Project will upgrade and improve the sustainability in the Rayon centers through application of a new, efficient and appropriately sized water and sanitation infrastructure , strengthening of local know how and capacity to deliver and maintain water supply and sanitation services , developing a sense of local ownership through community participation. In general expected project benefits in the project area are as follows: • Prevention of the Ground and Surface Water Pollution • Protection of the Public Health • Prevention of Wasting of Water Resources and Energy • Prevention of the Soil Pollution and Supply of Free Fertilizers to Farmers Based on the project modifications following environmental benefits will be observed: • Additional nitrogen and phosphorous removal proses will contribute in keeping and improving existing water quality, • Increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) level which will contribute in to the aquatic life. • Eutrophication which usually manifests itself as an increase in phyto-plankton concentrations to nuisance levels will be avoided by decreased nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. • Provide increase in the income level of tourism, fishing. • The execution of new design criteria for removal of nutrients will have additional benefits for the quality of water resources. • The aquatic environment will be affected in positive manner due to increase in water quality by means of removal of nutrients in wastewater. • Instead of chlorination implementation UV disinfection will have positive effects on natural environment. Hence There will be no effects on fishes and algal organisms. • Decrease in use of area for sludge drying will lessen demand to the land use. • The envisaged process type of sludge production has increased the possibility of use of sludge in agricultural areas. • Protection of Caspian Sea water quality by means of removal of nutrients. 5.3 Potential Negative Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures In this section, negative environmental impacts are identified, and the significance of hose impacts is assessed. An objective methodology is therefore required to permit assessment of the potential significance of environmental issues. As part of the Feasibility Study, a Rapid Environmental Assessment has been carried out. For this, the REA Checklist was filled for both sewerage and water supply systems. This checklist summarizes existing project area in Siyazan and potential environmental impacts, which projects may cause. The checklist can be seen in the following table(Table 5.1). 72 Table 5.1. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist QUESTIONS Yes No Notes A. Project site Project area... Densely populated? X Involved in development projects? X Close to temporary reserves or X including? Cultural heritage X Protection zone X Swamp area X Estuary X Buffer zone of protected area X Special zone to protect biodiversities X Bay X B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will this project cause impacts...? Damage to historical/cultural There are no cultural facilities and monuments /areas? archeological monuments in the direct project zone. If any historical-cultural areas are to be recorded in the project zone in the future, proper measures are to be taken in accordance with X Environmental Management Plan (EMP). These measures should ensure protection of historical archeological excavations and cultural heritage of national and international value. Constraint to other enterprises and It is expected that project related access to buildings; noise, bad smell impacts during the construction works related disturbance to neighboring will be temporary, short-term and areas and flow of rodents, insects etc.? insignificant. The contractor should consider and take adequate measures to X build temporary alternative roads, passages and relevant infrastructure to ensure access of people, reduce distribution of noise, bad odor and reach of wastewater to other sites. resettlement or necessary relocation of The project doesn’t include relocation of local people local people. It is also unlikely to result in loss of real estate, income sources and settlement areas. In case of temporary or permanent withdrawal of land owned by people during construction of water X pipes or sewage lines, the losses will be compensated in accordance with relevant legislation of Azerbaijan republic. The relocation of WWTP will not lead to any resettlement problem. damage to quality of downstream water Currently there is no adequate source for in case of discharge of improperly X discharge of treated wastewater. treated or untreated wastewater? Wastewater flows are usually discharged 73 into open areas without any treatment which cause pollution of surface and ground water sources. It is believed that in the future the treated wastewater will be discharged into dry river bed or reused for irrigation purposes. If reused for irrigation, then in the periods out of irrigation season treated wastewater might cause damage to environment and health of people. Therefore, level of treatment shall be adjusted depending on the conditions of reuse and discharge. The wastewater flows will be treated to comply with the Surface Water Protection requirements of BOD205- 3mg/l. So, 24 hour aeration process is envisaged with the application of full biological treatment. Wastewater flows treated up to BOD20= 20mg/l will undergo full retreatment in the natural pools. Additional nitrogen and phosphorous removal proses will contribute in keeping and improving existing water quality. Increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) level which will contribute in to the aquatic life. Instead of chlorination implementation UV disinfection will have positive effects on natural environment. Hence There will be no effects on fishes and algal organisms. Flooding of private properties with Project includes construction of untreated wastewater wastewater treatment works somewhere outside the urban area. The structures will comply with the modern technological standards and the process of construction will be supervised by the technical expertise. The operation and maintenance of the structure will be X carried out by the qualified operator adhering to relevant technological schemes, design parameters and normative acts. The situations causing flooding the neighboring settlements and private property, other than natural disasters and technical breakages are unlikely. Environmental pollution due to Sludge produced by wastewater improper sludge operation or discharge treatment will be processed properly. X of industrial wastewater into public Sludge processing shall ensure full sewage system? 74 liquidation of its pollutant and harmful compositions. If sludge will be used for agricultural purposes, the proper processing will be included in the wastewater treatment process and respond to relevant sanitary- hygiene norms. If sludge will not be used in agriculture, it will be processed accordingly, stored in sludge fields and buried in the areas agreed with Rayon Executive Power and sanitary center. The body responsible for the maintenance of the treatment plant and sanitary-hygiene department will control discharge of inadmissible harmful substances, wastes and materials into the sewage collector. It has been expected that decrease in use of area for sludge drying will lessen demand to the land use. The envisaged process type of sludge production has increased the possibility of use of sludge in agricultural areas. Noise and vibration due to explosions Construction works will be carried out and other construction works? in accordance with bidding process. It will be implemented with due compliance with specifications, ecological and sanitary norms and X regulations. The quality and scope of works will be supervised by PIU and selected consultants. The constructor will take necessary measures in due time, with a view not to exceed allowable level of noise and vibration. Discharge of toxic substance into Inadequacy of contractor’s project sewage system which may damage the related activities may cause damage to system and harm workers health? environment, staff health, and health security of local people, including discharge of toxic chemical substances to sewage collectors which may lead to X bad consequences. The organization of works in accordance with the best practices and implementation of trainings for the local staff are the key components to eliminate or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and risk to human health. Buffer zone to mitigate noise or other Presently there are no protection potential damages to surrounding lines/buffer zones around existing locations and supply structures with sewage structures and pumping stations. protection zones? X The planned new structures or rehabilitation of existing ones will require allocation of sanitary protection zone as indicated in the sanitary- 75 hygiene norms. The planting of trees to provide a fence around these zones and implementation of other adequate arrangements will contribute mitigation of noise, vibration and other potential impacts. Conflicts between construction staff Social studies implemented in the from other areas and local workers? project zone show the sufficiency of local labor force with different disciplines. One of the project outcomes is the creation of new temporary and X permanent employments. Thus, local expertise must be favored in the process of employment. Any conflicts resulted on any grounds will be resolved under procedures of Management of Social Impacts. Traffic closures and temporary It is expected that construction of water flooding of roads due to earth supply and sanitation system implies excavation works and during rainfall enormous earth excavation works. The seasons? contractor will plan the work phases, X provide temporary roads for local population, protect surrounding areas from flooding due to excavation works and take proper actions to handle excavated material. Noise and dust caused by construction Noise and dust caused by construction works? works will be mitigated by the application of best ecological practices. These measures may include implementation of works during ordinary working hours and application of noise silencers. Noise production rate cannot exceed 65 dB in the daytime and X 45 dB in the dark hours in accordance with Azerbaijani standards and norms. The dust distribution must be eliminated by minimum application of machines and mechanisms producing disturbing noise, watering of the construction site, provision of coatings over dusty materials and temporary fences and other methods. Traffic constraints due to Construction works must be organized in transportation of construction materials such a way that they don’t cause and wastes? constraints to normal traffic and extra noise. In order to avoid pollution of central X urban areas excavated materials will be transported through alternative secondary roads rather than main highways. (to be agreed with rayon SRP). 76 Excavation of temporary silt? One of the environmental impacts is the silt and other earth materials generated due to construction works. Such materials will be handled in X accordance with the EMP, surrounded to ensure flow to other areas, covered (if necessary) and discharge to areas as agreed with the Rayon Executive Power. Health risks due to flooding and Treatment structures will be operated in groundwater pollution due to sewage compliance with the relevant guidelines line deterioration? and standard documents. These structures will be provided with emergency outlets in cases of breakages and other damages. Emergency outlets X will be used with the prior awareness of the adequate local bodies. The emergency plan of the operator of the treatment structure will include early warning of unexpected emergency situations. Damage to water quality due to bad The plant should include internal sludge treatment or discharge of laboratory to ensure operation of wastewater without treatment? treatment structures in compliance with the relevant ecological and sanitary norms and adherence to permissible X pollution level of the treated water content. The operation of these structures will also be followed by the local sanitary agencies and MENR regional departments. Pollution of surface and groundwater Negligence of control of sludge sources due to sludge accumulations? accumulation in ecologically vulnerable areas can increase risk of pollution of X surface and groundwater sources. The contractor will apply best practices to mitigate such risks. Risks to health of operation staff Wastewater operation staff should resulting from toxic gases, harmful follow adequate technological substances, including pathogens in the instructions and sanitary norms in daily wastewater and sludge residues? working hours and be provided with X relevant safety uniforms and facilities. The security experts of wastewater treatment plant are responsible for safe working conditions and training of operation staff on security issues. Conflicts of raw water supply with the The supply of water will surely affect consumers of other surface and the capacity of the supply source but groundwater sources? X have no conflicting factor with other water consumers. Supply of unreliable raw water Water sources meeting potable water (including extra pathogens and mineral X norms and having required flow rates compositions)? approved by the government, including 77 necessary technical, economical, financial, and ecological requirements are seen as reliable alternative sources. The project excludes investigation of sources irrelevant to the above indicators. Delivery of irrelevant water flows into The development of operation the distribution system? department must ensure adherence to the wastewater treatment operation X procedures and exclude any delivery of irrelevant and inadequate to water standards water flows into the distribution system. Irrelevant protection of intake A sanitary-protection zone is envisaged structures or wells resulting in for water supply source to be selected pollution of water supply? through comparison of different alternatives meeting technical, ecological, financial and ecological X conditions and adequate structures to be built on this source. This zone will ensure any discharge of wastes or substances and illegal access to the selected water supply facilities. Oversupply of groundwater flows The project studies will prioritize water resulting in soil salinization and ground sources with sufficient flow capacity setting? and adequate quality (rivers, main water X pipelines etc.), including artesian wells. The risk of soil salinization or ground settling will be determined by adequate geological investigations. Overgrowth of water-plants in the Growth of water plants on the walls and water reservoir? bed of water reservoirs is unlikely. Eutrophication which usually manifests itself as an increase in phyto-plankton concentrations to nuisance levels will be avoided by decreased nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. X The execution of new design criteria for removal of nutrients will have additional benefits for the quality of water resources. The aquatic environment will be affected in positive manner due to increase in water quality by means of removal of nutrients in wastewater. Production of wastewater flows which Improvement of water supply will surpass design capacity of domestic certainly increase production of sewage system? domestic wastewater flows in the project towns. However, project X activities include construction of adequate sanitation system and wastewater treatment structures which will prevent environmental pollution with additional wastewater flows. 78 Risks resulting from inadequate design The chlorine to be applied in the primary of structures envisaged for purchase, production structures and water storage and application of chlorine and reservoirs and transportation, storage other toxic chemicals? and application of reagents to be used for water cleaning purposes and laboratory analyses will be carried out in accordance with the ‘National Strategy X on the Management of Hazardous Substances and Wastes of the Republic of Azerbaijan’, including inventory of these substances. The given provision excludes any adverse impact of these substances on adequate staff and local population. Health risks due to application of Chlorine and other reagents to be used chlorine and other substances to for disinfection of potable water is disinfect water? unlikely to cause any health risks because the staff working with such substances will have necessary knowledge of behavior with such X substances and follow adequate guidelines and instructions. By modification of chlorine disinfection to UV disinfection in WWTP the risk of vulnerability of staff has been decreased. Risks of inadequate water supply and The project envisages full replacement disproportionate chlorination in the of pipes, structures and other facilities distribution system due to bad of water supply and sanitation system of operation and maintenance (siltation of the project area and their maintenance filters)? in accordance with the best practices and laboratory analyses of potable water supplied to urban population. The X application of new operation model to the water supply facilities will cause operational and service improvement of this sector. In line with above notes it is not likely that the level of chlorine in the water flows supplied to local population will increase permissible levels. Delivery of water to corroded Modern and more reliable construction distribution network due to negligence materials (polymer pipes etc.) will be of proper proportionate application of used in the reconstruction of the water X chemical substances? supply and sanitation system which will ensure proper operation of distribution system and its corrosion resistance. Unexpected leakage of gas chlorine? Transportation, storage and application of any chemical substances to be used for disinfection of potable water will be X carried out in accordance with the adequate guidelines. The adherence to such guidelines will prevent any leakages. 79 By modification of chlorine disinfection to UV disinfection in WWTP the risks have been reduced. Oversupply of water to the downstream According to the current studies existing consumers? water sources used for water supply are irrelevant, with negligence for physical- chemical treatment which causes health X risks. The improvement of water supply and sanitation system will cause no risk for downstream consumers. In addition to the findings in above table for comparison also a semi-quantitative analysis has been undertaken to further evaluate potential environmental impacts. Accordingly, “Valued environmental components” (VEC’s) are determined and ranked as “high”, “medium” or “low” ( Table 5.2). Each of the environmental components identified in the Table has been identified during the consultations or as a result of technical analysis. Valued environmental components that are valued as “high” are those that are broadly important across society. VEC’s that are ranked as “medium” are those that are important at a community level, but are of limited significance at a wider level. VEC’s that are ranked as “low” are significant at a localised level2 The table evaluates the significance of potential impacts with respect to each VEC. The “significance of potential environmental effects” is ranked based on the intrinsic potential of the identified potential effects to impact the VEC’s. As identified in the Table, the potential significance of possible project effects is ranked as “high” for most of the VEC’s that are highly valued. However, the significance of project impacts on land use is considered to be “medium” since the amount of land in question is limited, some future land uses would be enhanced (and development costs lowered) by facility development and specific alternate land uses have not been proposed. The significance of potential project effects on VEC’s ranked as “medium” varies. In some cases, potential project effects are ranked as “high” and in other cases as “medium”. This recognises that the project may have effects ranked as “high” or “medium” even though these effects may be on VEC’s that are not themselves ranked as “high”; these effects will be important to address to ensure that the project does not disadvantage the communities in which facilities are located. The project has only “low” potential with respect to the location of reservoirs and treatment plant facilities to impact property values, however, since Siyazan community is located in a distance from the proposed site. VEC’s ranked as “low” are those that are relevant at the scale of individual property owners and users of the land on which proposed facilities are proposed to be located. Notwithstanding that they are considered as “low” from the perspective of society as a whole, they may be of the highest importance to the individuals and their families who 2The identification and priority assigned to a VEC has been informed by the public consultations that took place in June 2010. 80 Table 5.2 :Valued Environmental Components and Potential Negative Effects VALUED ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS SIGNIFICANCE OF POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS AVAILABILITY OF Priority Environmental Component Potential Negative Project Effects Potential Significance of Effect* MITIGATION MEASURES Construction Phase Phase High Ground and surface water Pollution of ground and surface water High Measures available Land Use Long term reduction of choices for land development at the Medium Measures available area Natural habitat Disturbance of the natural habitat due to construction Medium Measures available related noise, dust, non-seasonal works, unprocessed residues and etc. Low Measures not avaiilable Loss of natural areas due to construction works. Flora and fauna Earthworks, operation of machines, noise and etc.; Medium Measures available Losses or degradations during and after construction works, non-seasonal works, change of ecological situation etc. Drinking water quality Pollution of drinking water sources High Measures available Cultural heritage Loss of cultural heritage Medium Measures available Public health Injury from use of harmful substances in construction High Measures available (paints with heavy metal, lead compositions), asbestos- cement slabs, inflammable and toxic materials etc.) Air quality Dust, gases/aerosol associated with construction (toxic Medium Measures available gasses discharged by construction machineries, wind blown construction materials etc.) Soil Contamination of soil from land disposal of construction Low Landfill for disposal of wastes is wastes not available Traffic/construction vehicle Increased level of truck/construction vehicle traffic in Medium Measures available impacts communities Odour, dust and noise impacts Odour, dust and noise impact at staff and off-site receptors Medium Measures available from construction activities Medium Environmental pollution form Environmental pollution due to improper sludge operation Low Measures available WWTP or discharge of industrial wastewater into public sewage system Socio-economic stability Inability of local communities to pay for services High Measures available WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 81 VALUED ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS SIGNIFICANCE OF POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS AVAILABILITY OF Priority Environmental Component Potential Negative Project Effects Potential Significance of Effect* MITIGATION MEASURES Public health Health risks from unprocessed wastes; High Measures available Use of harmful substances by users of the WSS system (paints with heavy metal, lead compositions, toxic materials etc.) Soil Contamination of soil from land disposal of sludge; High Measures available Possibility of erosion related to wastewater discharge; Flooding of sewage system Production of wastewater flows which surpass design High Measures available, except that capacity of domestic sewage system as a result of increase landfill for disposal of wastes is of water supply not available Odour impacts from wastewater Odour impacts on nearby properties High Measures available treatment plant site activities Reduction of land in productive Reduced land availability for grazing and crops Medium Measures available agricultural use Limitations on future Reduction of development options (reservoirs, WWTP High Measures available development area) Limitations on future development Reduction of development options (reservoirs, WWTP High Measures available area) Environmental pollution form Soil, air and/or water pollution from improper storage of Medium Measures avaiilable WWTP construction construction materials Operational Phase High Socio-economic stability Inability of community to pay for facilities High Measures available Reduction in property values Low Measures available Public health Health risks from sludge disposed as waste High Landfill to protect public health from health risks related to waste not avaiilable Soil Contamination of soil from land disposal of sludge High Landfill to protect soil quality from contamination related to waste not avaiilable Possibility of soil erosion related to wastewater Medium Measures available discharge; Flooding of sewage system Production of wastewater flows which surpass design High Measures availableMeasures capacity of domestic sewage system as a result of increase available, except that landfill for of water supply disposal of wastes is not available WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 82 VALUED ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS SIGNIFICANCE OF POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS AVAILABILITY OF Priority Environmental Component Potential Negative Project Effects Potential Significance of Effect* MITIGATION MEASURES Odour impacts from wastewater Odour impacts on nearby properties High Measures available treatment plant site activities Reduction of land in productive Reduced land availability for grazing and crops Medium Measures available agricultural use Reduction in local property Loss of investment value by residents Low Measures available values. Medium Limitations on future development Reduction of development options (reservoirs, WWTP High Measures available area) Visual impact Unsightliness of treatment facilities Low/medium Measures available Employment/livelihood Loss of traditional employment/livelihood High Measures available Low Amenity value Loss of amenity value adjacent to treatment facilities Low Measures available WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 83 depend on the proposed site locations for their livelihood. Potential project impacts on VEC’s at this level are “high”, since the project has potential to seriously disrupt both the livelihoods of those who use the land as well as the amenity values they associate with the land. Table 5.2 also identifies the availability of mitigation measures. As indicated in the table, mitigation measures are available to address all potential negative effects identified during the period of the preparation of this document. Mitigation measures may be at the level of facility siting, design, construction and operation, and may include physical, financial, institutional or other measures. An environmental monitoring plan will ensure that all measures are appropriately undertaken and that required environmental standards are maintained. This will document the nature and frequency of the monitoring required. For the WWTP site, environmental monitoring will include a schedule for regular monitoring for key indicators of contamination. Check points, terms of selection of samples of waste water and main indicators of its content are defined in each specific case at designing and they are specified at operation of irrigation systems in agreement with local control bodies. Analysis of content of sludge of waste water is conducted before use of it . Background content of heavy metals in soil isn’t high and sludge meets demands for irrigation use on fields. During the treatment process environmental quality standards should be followed. If treated water doesn’t meet standards during the low flow period(or when there is no water in the river ) in Atachay river, which is observed in summer , autumn and winter it would damage the flora and fauna of the river . Information on flow characteristics of the river is given in the Table 5.3. Table 5.3. Flow characteristics of the Atachay river(Water discharges, cubic meters per second) Annu Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 al 0.01 0.02 0.0 0.00 0.01 0.0 0.03 0.02 Average 3 4 0.14 0.23 0.14 0.06 2 5 7 2 6 9 0.062 Minimu 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 m 0 1 2 6 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.003 Chemical composition of water in the river is given in the Table 5.4. Table 5.4.Chemical composition of Atachay river waters N İon content, mg/eq Dry Type pH Element NCO3 CL SO4 Ca Mg Na residue Consentration 4.90 1.90 2.30 3.00 3.00 3.10 0.720 Hydro 7.3 Carbon Sulphate In this region surface and ground waters have high level of salinity. Their composition is characterised as: Sulphate- hydrocarbonate – Calsium- Maqnezium. According to the study of GIWA about Caspian Sea3 on freshwater shortage, pollution, habitat and community modification, overexploitation of fish and other living resources, global change, and their constituent issues and the priorities Caspian Sea has been moderately affected by means of eutrophication. See table below. Therefore a special care should be paid to the effluent that has been discharged into the Caspian Sea, especially for nutrient high and oxygen depleting ones. Therefore the 3Stolberg, F., Borysova, O., Mitrofanov, I., Barannik, V. And P. Eghtesadi, GIWA Regional Assessment 23, Caspian Sea, UNEP, 2006. WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 84 proposed treatment alternative which lowers nutrients is considered to have positive effect on Caspian Sea water quality. Detailed scoring information Furthermore Azerbaijan is party to the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea. Part III Article 7 paragraph (f) of the Framework Conventions states that: “In order to reduce organic substances inputs from industrial and municipal sources, the best available environmentally sound technology is to be applied”. As known the designed technology was considering secondary treatment. However the nutrient removal which is considered in the modified design criteria has resulted to the increase in the level of treatment. WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 85 The treated wastewater will be discharged into Atachay which reaches to Caspian Sea after 800 m. Since the discharged effluent will be received by Caspian Sea, which might be designated as a sensitive area according to the UWWTD and international requirements as specified above, the modification in WWTP is necessary for removal of nutrients. Due to its condition the area might be declared as sensitive area in future. Therefore the treated waters quality is not expected to contain phosphorus. Thus the sensitive areas effluent standards of UWWTD needs to be achieved. The waste water is treated according to standards, the risk of impact on the quality of river water will be minimal. Even if concentrations of some pollutant in the treated water is higher than in receiving water, it shouldn’t have significant negative impact to the river provided that the amount of treated waters is small compared to water discharges of the river and also because of above indicators of water quality of river. Besides that the amount of wastewater (81,08 l/s) discharged into the Atachay s higher than its average annual flow amount which is 29 l/s. Therefore the water quality will be dominated by water quality of the effluent.. As known existence of both nitrogen and phosphorus contribute to eutrophication. In the majority of cases, phosphorus is the limiting nutrient. The variables like total phosphorus, ortho phosphates, total nitrogen, mineral nitrogen (NO3+NH3), Kjeldahl nitrogen are considered to be casual ones for the eutrophication. Change in design criteria leads to decrease the phosphorus amount which is usually considered to be 10 mg/l in moderate raw sewerage to a concentration of 2 mg/l. This would contribute improving the water quality in Caspian Sea. 5.4 Data Evaluation The information basis for the EIA differs according to the specific assessments that have been required. . Archive materials have been used to get basic information about physical- geographic conditions of Siyazan region, environmental situation, water resources , their use and protections and etc. The project feasibility document provides the main information about existing situation and proposed project activities. Documentary information has been supported by a series of field trips.. During the trips, additional information was gathered about the existing water and sanitation situations, project needs and its positive and negative impacts This is based on the existing information provided by the relevant organizations, visual monitoring and opinions of stakeholders Results of discussions with the stakeholders are described in the Annex IX. During the development of EIA report FS report materials on project activities, its impacts and proposed environment management procedures have been checked with the national and international standards.Main data gaps were connected with the lack of long term water resources and waste water quality and quantity information, water use by different sectors, waste discharges by different economic sectors, and pollution of water resources , ground waters and soil by waste waters. Notwithstanding these shortcomings, In spite of this information base that has been used can be considered sufficient for the EIA development. WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 86 6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT Project sites are required for the water reservoirs, pipelines , pumping stations and waste water treatment facilities. Project sites for reservoirs are primarily determined as a function of least cost associated with construction, provision of necessary portion of area with required amount of water by gravity. Analysis has been undertaken to identify the least cost location for each element of construction work. In addition, the locations proposed for reservoirs and WWTP are municipally-owned lands. Discussions have been held with local communities to determine specific locations within the community where pipelines for WS and sewage system can most appropriately be located from the community perspective. The location of the facilities has been pre-determined based on an extensive analysis of some alternative locations. Using this information a number of options were identified and the concepts reviewed and discussed with the PIU and the Team. The options were agreed on and will be submitted to detailed technical and financial analysis as the basis for determining the least cost option. At meetings with Rayon staff, gravity systems for water supply were consistently promoted as the preferred method of supply. The reason given was the simplicity of operation and the additional operating costs from pumped sources. Alternatives such as groundwater, bore fields were not seen to be viable and made data collection for non gravity options more difficult. Within the scope of the project polyethylene based corrugated pipes will be laid in wastewater network and a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) will be constructed approximately 2 km away from the town center In formation on reservoirs and other infrastructure is described below at water supply and waste water system improvement sections and their locations can be seen from the relevant annexes to this report(Annexes I-V) The following alternatives have been considered during the EIA process: (i) No Project Scenario (ii) Water Supply System improvement only (iii) Water Supply and Waste Water Management System improvement 6.1. No project Scenario No project scenario would see continuation of an inefficient and unreliable, water supply system, which has limited coverage, delivers low pressure supply and has water shortages. With regard to the wastewater system, the situation will be worsened by the discharge of raw wastewater into the soil, groundwater and eventually the river network, due to the lack of a WWTP. The socially and environmentally damaging situation in the rayon will be further exacerbated, the risks of flooding of the streets and houses will be raised. Pollution of soils, air quality (bad odor), damage to the flora and fauna will occur, surface and groundwater will be seriously impacted. This situation is very undesirable, especially with the ongoing high growth rate of the population and development of new business enterprises in the region (Table 6.1). Table 6.1. Population Growth Rates Siyazan Population Values in Future The Population Waste Water Year Water Sewerage Growth Rate Treatment (Including Supplied Served BuyukHemye Village) 2012 - 25,600 25,600 28,400 2015 1,025 26,400 26,400 29,300 2020 1,000 27,700 27,700 30,800 2025 0,750 28,800 28,800 32,000 2030 0,700 29,800 29,800 33,100 Source: the Feasibility Study of Siyazan WSS Project, 2010 With the population growth rate shown above, water demand, and consequently waste water production will considerably increase over the years. WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 87 6.2. Water Supply System Improvement Scenario According to the Feasibility Study, the average daily water consumption is estimated as 66.24 l/s for the design purpose. This estimate includes water use by households, entities, stock feeding, industry etc. The current water losses in the system will be eliminated in the improved water supply system. The following water supply options have been analyzed: Option 1: Sourcing water from the water reservoir of the Tahtakorpu – Ceyranbatan canal. Siyazan rayon centre is located 15 kilometers to the south of the valley of the Tahtakorpu reservoir. The Tahtakorpu – Ceyranbatan canal passes within 1.5 kilometers of the Siyazan rayon center. With a tapping at 16,080 meters at asl 85.3 it is possible to supply water from the canal to water treatment plant located about 250 m from the canal. Treated water can then be delivered by gravity to Reservoir 1 located at 75 masl. From there it can be distributed by gravity to Pressure Zone 1 and pumped to Reservoir 2 to supply Pressure Zone 2. Construction of the Tahtakorpu reservoir and canal system has been ongoing for more than 10 years. A significant reduction in funds due to the 2007 financial crisis further delayed construction. This has pushed the completion date of the project to 2014. This delay in the implementation would impact on the ability to use water from the Tahtakorpu reservoir. From the other hand water taken from Takhtakorpy will need to be treated to meet the drinking water requirements specified in Annex VI, which is associated with additional cost and, thus, is not economically feasible. The potential environmental impacts of the use of the Takhtakorpu reservoir as a water source would occur due to the construction of new water intake, access road upgrade, construction of a new water pipeline to the town etc. Due to these considerations this option has been rejected. Option 2 (Preferred Alternative): Upgrading the water supply from Baku I and II Water Transmission Lines. During the FS it was decided to supply water from Baku I and Baku II Water Transmission Lines for Siyazan town. These two water transmission lines, of 180-200 Km length supply water to Baku from spring and ground waters of Shollar village and Khachmaz region .However during detailed design phase it was decide to supply water only from Baku II Water Transmission Line. Siyazan rayon center extends eastwards from the flank of a range of low hills to the lower plains. The highest point is approximately 95 masl, the lowest 15 masl. Two zones will distribute water throughout the urban and industrial areas using water sourced from two reservoirs – Reservoir 1 of 3000 m3 located at masl 75 and Reservoir 2 of 1000m3 located at masl 115 (see Annex II). . Water is pumped to the balancing reservoir (also 100m3) of Pumping Station-2 (PS-2). PS-2 also takes water from 2nd Baku Transmission Line water demand of Pressure Zone-2 and pumps the total demand to Reservoir-1. There are also 3 (2+1) pumps in this pumping station each having is 30 kW power. Discharge of each pump is 42 l/s with 48 m pressure increase. From Reservoir-1 the water demand of Pressure Zone-2 is pumped to Reservoir-2 by Pumping Station-3 (PS-3). This pumping station has 3 (2+1) pumps each having 11 kW power. Discharge of each pump is 12 l/s with 53 m pressure increase. The 2nd Baku Transmission Line passes through the main urban area at about 35 masl while the Baku I canal is located lower down the slope at masl 0. Technical issues related to potential use of these water sources include: - Verification of the structural integrity of the Baku I and II Transmission Lines. The Baku I canal was completed and commissioned in 1917 with a design capacity of 1 m3 /sec. Baku II canal was completed in the early 1960’s with a design capacity of 2.65 m3/sec. The staff of the rayon water department and Azersu advised that no regular maintenance has been undertaken on either of these canals. The issue of structural integrity may affect the operations of canal as a reliable water source. WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 88 - Water Quality. Groundwater is used for both canals and is delivered by gravity. The water quality in the Baku I and II water transmission lines has been analyzed and results show that both of the samples meet EU, Azeri and WHO standards (see Annex VI) The anticipated increased water demand( which will be 66.24 l/sec) will not have any significant impact on this water source: the water abstraction will be up to 2 mln. m³ / year, while the total transmission capacity of both canals is 125 mln. m³ / year. Ground water mostly meets the limiting values of EU Council Directive 98/83/EC without treatment. In some cases only reduction of iron and manganese is necessary, which can be performed by simple treatment units (oxidation and filtration). Taking into account of all above requirements first option has been selected in the project FS document For the selected option there also some other requirements. Work to construct the offtake should be carefully designed during the detailed design phase and carefully constructed, paying close attention to the need to avoid damage to the riparian habitat. Main environmental impact of the construction and operation work envisioned in the project are described in Chapter 5 and list of potential negative impact is given in the Table 5.1 The widening of the access road through the uplands is relatively straightforward for most of its length, as it is flanked by disturbed ground with sparse vegetation. The work in the wooded habitat and vegetation will create some environmental problems including damage to topsoil and to tree roots; and erosion may result. Full adherence to good site practice should be ensured, as well as storage and handling of fuels and oils to avoid contamination. There will be temporary disturbance during construction of the reservoir and intake infrastructure, as well for the areas along the pipeline routes to the reservoirs but this is not expected to be significant (see Chapter 5 for details). Location of the reservoir is given in the Annex IV If the sewage system is not be improved, the situation with respect to weastewater management will continue to worsen from social – economic and environmental point of view. With the anticipated increased water demand from the current 80 l/cap/d to 180 l/cap/din by 2030, the amount of waste water will increase accordingly, which will further aggravate the environmental situation. 6. 3. Water Supply and Waste Water system improvement Different options for the improvement of the water supply system have been considered above. Project related environmental impact for the construction and operation phases are described in Chapter 5, and list of potential negative impact is given in the Table 5.1 Two options for improvement of sewage system in Siyazan have been analysed: Option 1: Rehabilitation and use of the existing waste water pipelines and wastewater treatment lagoon. Improving the existing sewerage system by extensions and replacement of sections causing problems has been evaluated. Most of the existing sewer network was constructed before 1985. The recently constructed section is poorly designed and buried to a depth of 1,5 m. The existing pipelines transport wastewaters to the wastewater treatment lagoon area located at the south-eastern part of the town. Since the proposed wastewater treatment plant area is at the north-eastern part of the town, realigning of the existing lines from south-east to north-east is not technically viable solution. Therefore this option has been rejected. Option 2 (preferred alternative): Construction of new sewage system and waste water treatment plant. The wastewater collection system design was developed by use of a model (by the analysis of topographical maps with the support of satellite views). The location of the main sewer pipelines and lines that can be burried deeper was determined in the first phase. These main sewer pipeline locations have been determined by taking into account especially the critical points in the network like railways, highways, water channels and water transmission line crossings. WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 89 The topographic conditions allow for sewerage collection by gravity. Thus, no pumps will be needed which will minimize potential water spills. The selection of the location of the waste water treatment plant is determined by such factors as distance from the city, relevance for construction of the waste water treatment plant and is governed by the consideration that impacts on environment and human health should be minimal. Taking into account the above difficulties for rehabilitation of existing waste water system and advantage of construction of new one, which is feasible from technical, economical and environmental point of view “Option 2: Construction of new sewage system and waste water treatment plant” is preferred. The new WWTP will be provided with modern equipment which will ensure treatment of the waste waters in accordance with international standards (EU Directive 91/271/EEC requirements are given in Annex VI,VIII). The extended aeration system does not envisage use of heated septic reservoir and gas and, as such, will contribute to improved safety of operation during FS. But according to the requirements of the AZERSU OJSC for all Water Supply, Waste Water Networks and Waste Water Treatment plants in Azerbaijan, will be single stage aeration with the sludge drying process equipped by Centrifugal Decanters. Within the scope of the project polyethylene based corrugated pipes will be laid in a wastewater network, and a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was decided to be constructed at the plot which is belonging to municipality, adjacent to the city and close to the Ist Baku Water Transmission Line during FS. However, due to the recent developments and territorial expansion of the surrounding settlements the distance between the settlements and the proposed WWTP site has become insufficient to meet the sanitary standards. Thus, the detailed design suggested an alternative location for the WWTP which is between the Buyuk Hemye Village and the Caspian Sea. The selected location of the WWTP is almost 1.5 km west of the Buyuk Hemye Municipality. The distance between the WWTP plant and Caspian Sea is approximately 800 m. This location will provide benefit for connection of Buyuk Hemye village by gravity to the WWTP. Whenever the new location of WWTP has been compared with the previous location it could be easily said the new location will have less environmental impact whenever receptors have been considered due to the distance. The sewerage collection system of Buyuk Hemye Village will be connected by gravity system instead of pressurized system, which has operational and economic advantages. The option to discharging treated waters to Caspian sea via an existing drainage canal has also been conssidered and discussed with local stakeholders.. During the discussions, the local population expressed that this option is not preferred from the perspective of potential human impacts on nearby located residential areas, even though wastewates will be treated according to international standards. Therefore it was decided to discharge treated waters to Atachay river or use for irrigation. As described in Chapter 5 treated waste waters will not have significant negative impact to the regime of Atachay river. Additonallly, an improved situation in the receiving watercourses and adjacent areas currently adversely affected by polluting untreated wastewaters is expected. In order to decrease the pollution risk and protect the Caspian Sea UWWTD’s sensitive areas design criteria for wastewater treatment will be applied. More people will get benefit from the hygienic living standards due to extension of service area. Additional nitrogen and phosphorous removal proses will contribute in keeping and improving existing water quality; increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) level which will contribute in to the aquatic life. Eutrophication which usually manifests itself as an increase in phyto-plankton concentrations to nuisance levels will be avoided by decreased nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Provide increase the income level of tourism, fishing. The execution of new design criteria for removal of nutrients will have additional benefits for the quality of water resources. The aquatic environment will be affected in positive manner due to increase in water quality due to removal of nutrients in wastewater. Instead of chlorination the implementation of UV disinfection will have positive effects on natural environment. Hence There will be no effects on fishes and algal organisms. WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 90 Besides these requirements of Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea will be achieved. The removal of large organic loadings and their associated bacteria will be of significant benefit to at least the local river system and groundwater and will ultimately contribute to a reduction in polluting loadings within the Caspian Sea catchment, on which several internationally financed projects are focusing their attention. The amount of sludge produced will be lessened until 295 kg/day, it will be used in agriculture. In case of application of this single-stage aeration processes the sludge drying beds will not be required anymore. The sludge generated in the WWTW will be disposed of in accordance with the EU Directive, see Annex VI, VIII for the monitoring standards and requirements. As Siyazan is a semi-rural catchment with no heavy industries discharging to the sewer network, the sludge should be suitable for disposal to agricultural lands, where it will have a beneficial impact and will support local agricultural activities.. WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 91 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS This activity is aimed at informing identified stakeholders and other interested parties concerning the project and gathering perspectives from them. Public consultation presents stakeholders with the opportunity to voice both their positive opinions and their concerns and to enable these issues to be addressed in the EIA and incorporated into the project design. Stakeholder Consultations Stakeholder issues relevant to the EIA have been identified through a consultative process.. Stakeholder consultations have therefore been integral to the design of the EIA, and the issues identified through these consultations have been an important input into the identification of issues to be addressed by the EIA. All stakeholder consultations have been undertaken in Azeri. Where non-Azeri consultants have participated in consultations, their comments have been translated into Azeri in order to allow all discussions to be undertaken in Azeri. Not all stakeholders have been involved in the consultations associated with project preparation. Accordingly, stakeholder consultations have been undertaken during th scoping phase associated with the preparationof this document for the specific purpose of identifying and clarifying issues, and particularly issues concerning those: • Who live near sites that are proposed for new WSS facilities • Who have specialist technical or scientific knowledge relevant to the proposed WSS system • Whose work is relevant to the proposed WSS system Technical Analysis While the issues identified by stakeholders are key to the overall presentation of issues in this document, they are limited to the extent that the knowledge of stakeholders concerning the new WSS system is limited. Thus, during the consultation process it has been clear that the ability of stakeholders to identify issues has, to a degree, been limited by their knowledge of modern WSS systems. Technical analysis has therefore been undertaken to determine whether there might be issues additional to those identified by stakeholders that should be addressed by the EIA, even though they might not have been identified by stakeholders, or may not have been prioritized by stakeholders. Technical analysis complements the stakeholder consultations. Table 1 identifies the stakeholders with whom consultations have been undertaken. As indicated in the Table, stakeholders fall into two categories: • Public stakeholders. These stakeholders are members of the public in general on whom the project may be anticipated to have an impact. At the broadest level, these stakeholders include all members of the public that will be served by the project, and who will benefit from it. However, some public stakeholders may be more greatly impacted by the project because they live in proximity to proposed project facilities. These stakeholders may be expected to identify a range of issues that is different to those that would be identified to other public stakeholders. • Special interest stakeholders. These stakeholders have interests in the project because they have either specialist knowledge relevant to the project or because their work in some way is relevant to, or is impacted by, the project. These stakeholders may identify issues relevant to the EIA as a result of either their work or their knowledge. In this project, stakeholders are those affected by the proposed WSS facilities, and those who have the ability to influence, positively or negatively, the course and outcome of the project. The range of stakeholders relevant to this document is reflected in Table 7.1. The list of all stakeholders that have been consulted is provided in Annex IX Table 7.1 identifies the consultation mechanisms selected to identify issues associated with the various stakeholders, and also identifies the status of the consultations. Technical meetings and interviews with staff from different local government units have been undertaken on an on-going basis. During the meetings, discussions were held on technical and managerial levels and an accurate picture about the current WSS system was developed, together with common understandings of options and issues associated with potential future actions. A clear picture was made about the rating of water management skills and the rate of satisfaction of the public about WSS services. The wishes and WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 92 concerns of the residents were also raised during the meetings. In most cases and after the meeting a field visit was made to water intake facilities, pipelines locations, pumping stations, reservoirs and sewage facilities and information was obtained about the problems of each site. Consultation and planning workshops were undertaken during the preparation of this document. As identified in Table 7.1, these included consultation with municipal and village councils, and with government agencies. A public consultation and planning workshop was held on 09 June 2010. These consultations and workshop were organized by the project consultant, in collaboration with the Amelioration JSC, Executive power and Municipality of Siyazan. WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010 EIA SCOPING STUDY 93 Table 7.1 Stakeholders and Consultation Mechanism STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION STATUS OF CONSULTATION MECHANISM Public Stakeholders Affected People Interviews with affected Interviews have been conducted as people part of EIA study in communities where new water intake facilities, pipelines, pumping stations, reservoirs and treatment facilities will be located Wider Community Information to be supplied to Meetings have been conducted with the media and the general the representatives of local radio and public to be invited to submit newspapers during which they comments. received needed information, which was later spread by them in their news canals, including newspapers and radios Community Leaders Interviews of directly affected Workshops held; interview communities; meetings with conducted in communities where community leaders new reservoirs and treatment facilities will be located; meetings held with community leaders Special Interest Stakeholders Non-Governmental Organisations Round Table meeting Round Table meeting and Scoping Scoping Workshop Workshop held Municipalities and Village Technical meetings, Consultation and planning Councils Consultation and Planning workshops held Workshops Media Media relations strategy Representatives of media have been required involved into EIA process. They participated in discussions, public meeting and spread obtained materials through their publication in local newspaper and also via local radio Academics and Researchers Round Table meeting, Meeting and Scoping Workshop held Scoping Workshop Government Ministries/Agencies Consultation and Planning Consultation and Planning Workshops Workshops held; Round Table Round Table Meeting Meeting held Private sector Meetings with representatives Meetings with representatives of of relevant sectors/companies relevant sectors/companies held International Consultation and Consultation and Round Table Organisations/Donors Round Table meeting Meeting held A round table meeting was held on 09 June, 2010 and hosted by the Executive Power of Siyazan region. Representatives of different agencies, Amelioration JSC, Azersu , MoE and NGOs attended and their concerns were also reported. The meeting was solely dedicated for defining the scope of the EIA.. The following areas of Siyazan city and nearby communities (Eynibulaq, 900 persons) and Boyuk Hamya adjacent to the proposed facilities have been identified to be affected by project. Representatives 94 / 145 of the population of these communities have been interviewed on 15 June 2010. The communities to be directly affected by the project activities are listed in Table 7.2. Table 7.2. Communities Adjacent to the Proposed Project Facilities Community Location Population Eynibulaq Adjacent to the proposed reservoirs 900 and Water supply pipes Siyazan city Adjacent to a proposed water supply 21400 and sanitation system Boyuk Hamya village Located close to proposed waste 2800 water treatment facilities During the selection of the population sample for interview purposes, consideration was given to the economic situation of the family, and to the distance to the facilities to be constructed. The objectives of the surveys were to: • Share information about the project and the proposed construction work. • Identify important interests and concerns at the local level. • Identify potentially affected individuals, groups and publics. • Identify community concerns about the construction work. • Understand the values about the environment held by individuals/groups that might be affected by the project. Meetings with municipality members in these communities were also carried out, as possible, to understand concerns and issues that they may have. A Scoping Workshop was conducted on 09 June, 2010 and attended by 28 participants representing different institutions. During that session the findings of previous consultations were presented and additional comments and suggestions were received. PRINCIPAL ISSUES The principal concerns raised during the consultation process were: • Potential for odor, insects, dust and noise impacts from site activities; • Compensation measures to be taken by the Authorities for temporary loss of land in productive use; • Reduction in local property values; • Impacts on ground and surface water; • Limitations for expansion of villages in the future; and • Aesthetic distortion (e.g. visual impacts). These issues were highlighted by most of the people interviewed. Other issues that were highlighted during the consultations include: • Training and public awareness; • Financial sustainability; • Detection and control of hazardous waste waters; • Waste water collection, treatment, utilization or discharge to the sea; • Health and safety; • Social and economic impacts; and • Compensation of directly affected communities through the project itself by incentives. 95 / 145 As indicated above, the project team has considered the issues that have been raised during the consultations and has assessed the identified issues in the context of the overall scope of the proposed project. The purpose of this assessment has been to determine whether there are additional issues that should be considered by the EIA even though they may not have been specifically identified by stakeholders during the consultations. As a result of this assessment, it has been concluded that in addition to the potential impacts identified through the consultations, the EIA study should also address review of the potential positive and negative impacts associated with the proposed project on: • Land use; • Cultural heritage; • Traffic • Public health; • Local employment; and • General issues associated with sitting of treatment plant The stakeholders support the proposed WSS project. The issues raised by the stakeholders are reasonable concerns that should be addressed by the EIA study, and the recommendations of the EIA study should be integrated into the design of project implementation. However, as identified above, stakeholder knowledge of potential positive and negative impacts associated with the project is incomplete and issues additional to those identified by the stakeholders should be considered by the EIA. Stakeholder Meeting in Siyazan Rayon The public meeting in Siyazan took place on June 09 2010 and was chaired by Mr. Zafar Aliyev, Deputy Head of the the Siyazan district Executive authority, Head of Rayon Commission on WSS project implementation The agenda of the meeting included brief welcoming speech by the Head of the Commission Mr. Zafar Aliyev and Representative of PCU Mr. Panah Abdullayev. They informed attendants about the aim and importance of realization of the project. In his opening speech Mr. Aliyev informed attendants that this project shouldn’t have significant negative environmental impact but that it is directed at improvement of the environment in the rayon. The proposed treatment facility is a bit closer to Boyuk Hamya residential area and the good treatment facility will allow to avoid possible impacts to the health of population and entire environment. 96 / 145 Figure 7.1. Presenting of WSS project during public consultation meeting in Siyazan Then Rafig Verdiyev, representative of Eptisa and Prof. Farda Imanov, Representative of Hydrometeorology Consulting Company, informed participants about the aim of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process, and issues to be included into its scope during the project implementation. Participants then requested to participate actively in discussions and identify their suggestions to be included into list of issues of environmental and social concern and taken into consideration and included, as appropriate, in the Environment Management Plans to minimize negative project impacts. The first remark was expressed by Mr. Aliyev about scale of the water supply area. As he stated, initially the villages surrounding Siyazan also were supposed to be included into the project but now they are not. These are Eynibulaq (900 persons) and Sadan (750 persons) villages. Currently they have to collect rain water in Sadan (which is located in some 300m higher than Siyazan) and use it for household needs and transport drinking water by cars. Then it was expressed that Azersu has some plans for water supply of above villages according to selection from among the following options: • To pump water form the reservoir in upper part of Siyazan to these villages. • To connect Eynibulaq village to the Samur- Absheron canal coming from Takhtakorpy reservoir. • To construct pipeline from Gilgilchay village to use waters of II Baku water pipe. • To use spring water from Hajiisgendar village of Shabran region The small spring in Sadan is not sufficient for use. Akif Valiyev asked if houses will be connected to the new water supply and sewage system. In response to this question it was expressed that pipes will reach each household yard and households themselves should be connected to these pipes. 97 / 145 Other questions were about alternative water use from Samur- Absheron Canal (Takhtakorpu reservoir) or use of spring water used before when water in Baku-II canal is limited. The response was that these sources can be used for irrigation then water would be enough for drinking purposes. Mr. Kabirov Rafig expressed his concern on the possibility that communication lines will be damaged during installation of pipelines under ground. In response to this it was noted that all work carried out underground will be according to the plan agreed with relevant ministries and agencies. Figure 7.2. Discussions during public consultation meeting in Siyazan Other questions were about repairing asphalt roads and other places that are damaged by the construction works. It was noted that all work will be carried as required by existing regulations. Any damage of social and environmental character will be mitigated according to management plans and monitored by designated groups. Mr. Yagubov Mehman asked about installation and protection of water meters, as they can be damaged if they are in the street. It was noted that proper place will be selected for water meters installation so that inspectors are able to inspect them when necessary. A second question was about collection of water in the basement of high storey buildings. It was noted the installation of the sewage system and connection of residents to it will help to address this issue. The list of participants at the public consultation meeting for Siyazan rayon WSS project, held on June 09 2010 is given in ANNEX 9 Information on public discussion of the draft EIA report for Siyazan and WSS projects was held on October 22 2010, see Annex X 98 / 145 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN From the above description of environmentl impacts the list of key aspects associated with the Project activities is identified and described in Table 8-1 below. Table 8-1 Environmental Aspects Project Component Environmental Aspects Construction Temporary removal of habitat for sewer pipeline construction Renovation and construction of existing steel water delivery mains Potential polluted run-off and spillage of untreated wastewater during sewer renovation Pedestrian, vehicle and community safety Procurement and delivery of construction materials Use, maintenance and repair of equipment and machinery Air and noise pollution from preparation of construction Materials such as bitumen, asphalt and concrete. Extraction/purchase of sands and gravels for earthworks Construction yard for equipment and machinery Waste and hazardous materials management Construction of new reservoirs for water supply Service disruption (electricity, telecoms, water) Disruption to irrigation and drainage infrastructure Soil management issues during pipe laying Construction of new WWTP works on a new site Operation Operation of the water and wastewater networks Sludge disposal Community safety Induced development Air and noise quality Use of maintenance machinery and equipment Storm water management Wastewater discharge Accidental (Non- Spills and leaks Routine) Events Inappropriate waste or sludge disposal Sewer flushing due to blockage These aspects and proposed mitigation measures are discussed below. GEOLOGY AND SOILS Construction phase Hazardous material Spills of fuel, oil and other liquids have the potential to cause contamination of soil and groundwater. The Contractor shall implement measures to contain such spills and avoid contamination as much as possible. However, it is possible that some contamination may occur and the Contractor will be required to implement remediation measures in accordance with project and national requirements. Soil erosion The area is susceptible to surface erosion, especially after heavy rain, therefore efforts will be made to reduce the potential for soil erosion during construction activities. Temporary berms will be constructed where necessary to control any run-off to prevents rills or gulleys forming or soil wash out to surface water features. Correct groundworks and compaction will be specified in the contract documentation to prevent soil erosion. 99 / 145 Waste management Inert, solid waste (metals, asphalt chunks, rocks, concrete, gravel, sand and etc.) will be generated during drilling well and pipeline installation operations. The replacement and installation of water distribution pipes in the town will include removal of asphalt surface and importation of suitable padding and backfill (eg sand) as well as backfilling using suitable excavated material. Repair of paved roads and walkways and asphalt surfaces will also be required. Solid wastes generated in construction sites and during the construction of pipelines and sewer drains will be transported by the construction contractor. Transportation and disposal of such waste will be agreed with the local executive authority and regional department of MENR, as necessary. The construction works will generate hazardous waste, such as used oils, solvents and other construction waste, which will be required to be disposed of. However, there is no licensed hazardous waste disposal facility in the region (and in fact this is a problem nationally) and therefore it will be necessary to arrange an appropriate containment or disposal place in agreement with MENR and the regional officials. The EMP allows for the cost of this item and it can be managed by the municipality, as per the agreement with Amelioration JSC. Parts of the existing water supply and sanitation network may have been constructed using asbestos containing material (ACM), which will require careful handling during its removal. Measures compliant to good health and safety practice will need to be employed, including appropriate PPE for workers, dampening down of any material that may be abraded or otherwise generate potentially inhalable dust particles and appropriate containment prior to its storage at an approved/agreed secure facility. A construction yard needs to be created, for laydown of plant and material, maintenance of machinery and prefabrication of infrastructure components. All construction sites will be managed as follows: • Boundaries of construction sites will be marked beforehand and signs will be erected warning people not to enter or dump garbage; • Metal wastes will be collected and taken to metal processing companies; • Construction debris (sand, soil, rocks) will be re-used as an additional material for filling deep trenches when needed and where suitable. If not needed, they will be taken to city dumping-grounds, as agreed with local environmental/planning authorities; • Removed asphalt debris will be taken to bitumen factories for recycling, egg at the asphalt plant • Speed limits will be set for all trucks operating within the town; this will be important for those transporting waste. Operational phase No adverse effects are anticipated as a result of normal operations, as the wastewater will be treated to EU standards prior to its discharge, which is a distinct improvement from the current situation, which sees no functioning wastewater treatment. Discussions are ongoing regarding the treatment of the final effluent, as under the Soviet system, chlorination of effluent (for disinfection) was the norm. However, disinfection is not the norm in Europe and in fact the addition of chlorine is a biological hazard to the aquatic ecosystems to which the effluent will be discharged. It would be preferable to use ultraviolet (UV) radiation or rely on natural exposure to UV to reduce bacteria loadings in the final effluent. The recommendation to use UV has been made strongly in this EIA and also in discussions with Amelioration JSC, who are very supportive of this approach and the intention is to implement this. AIR QUALITY Construction phase It will be the responsibility of the construction management to schedule construction activities and to apply best practices for dust control, to minimize occurrences of excessive dust concentrations in sensitive neighbouring areas and at the worksite. It will be the responsibility of the construction management to apply best practices for reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, wherever feasible. Aspects such as a 100 / 145 reduction of idle driving, selection of new equipment where possible and maintenance of all machinery and engines should be encouraged. Operational phase Adverse air quality effects are not predicted during operation, due to the nature of the project. All machinery will either be new and/or will be maintained according to the manufacturer’s service programme. Furthermore, significant noxious odours are only typically generated from a WWTP in the vicinity of pumping operations, where an aerosol effect is produced or when sewage has gone septic due to operational problems. All the main potential locations where noxious odour could be generated will be housed and ventilated. In addition, there are no sensitive receptors nearby to the operating facility, which is located at the edge of town well away from residential areas. NOISE Construction phase The nature and extent of the works, particularly those involving replacement of the water distribution system will result in noise and disturbance to local residents. Amelioraion JSC will ensure that the contractor minimises disruption and noise, by inter alia, liaising with residents. It must also be noted that the residents are supportive of the project, as it will result in provision of a reliable, constant water supply and will therefore generally be tolerant of disruption to some extent. According to the Azerbaijan standards allowable noise level should be 65 dBA in daytime; and 45 dBA at night-time, which is close to the international standards. Mitigation There are three ways to reduce noise emissions: mitigation at the source, mitigation along the path and mitigation at the receptor. The following examples of construction noise mitigation methods could be considered during planning of the works and are expected to be a source of guidance to the contractors. In many cases, the magnitude of the dB reduction can first be ascertained when construction work has begun and measurements can be made. Source controls In general, source controls are the most effective method of mitigating noise. The impact of a noise source is reduced before it emits offensive noise levels. Operational phase Negligible operational noise is anticipated, as the pumping stations will be housed within buildings and the new WWTP is situated far away from residential housing in a fenced compound and is designed to emit limited noise. ECOLOGY AND PROTECTED AREAS Construction phase The main potential effects on ecology are associated with water intake; the associated access road upgrade; construction of the new pipeline route water supply to the town; construction of the new reservoirs themselves; and construction of the interceptor and new WWTP The offtake and reservoir construction work will have to be carefully designed during the detailed design phase to avoid damage to the riparian habitat. The widening of the access road may affect habitats associated, however nothing particularly rare or unusual is anticipated due to the disturbed nature of the general location, which was until recent years well populated and farmed by some crops. The work will need to be undertaken carefully, with good planning (in the detailed design stage) to conserve topsoil; reduce encroachment and damage to features such as tree roots; avoid water pollution; avoid erosion and soil or material run-off; and ensure good reinstatement. Full adherence to good site practice should be ensured, as well as storage and handling of fuels and oils to avoid contamination. Protected areas There are no protected areas potentially affected by the project, although to the south- west of Siyazan rayon Altiagac State reserve exists (see Figure 8.1). 101 / 145 Figure 8.1. Protected area map Operational phase The receiving watercourses and groundwaters currently adversely affected by polluting untreated wastewaters will be expected to improve considerably and can be expected to see improvements as nutrient and bacteria levels significantly reduce. SURFACE AND GROUND WATER Construction phase Many of the risks to surface and groundwater are similar to those already covered under the soils section above and are therefore not repeated here. Due to the nature of the works there is the potential for spillage of wastewater to ground or watercourse, which is generally poorly treated or untreated and could also lead to the spread of disease to workers or local residents. In addition, the wastewater from existing pipelines and sumps will require to be purged. Likely options are to either empty the wastewater into temporary excavated pits and then remove the material by suction into septic tanks on sewer trucks or continue to use soakaways until connections to the sewer area made. Mitigation Fuel and oil storage Fuel and oil storage tanks will not be located within 50m of any watercourse, well or dry river bed. Certain plant and equipment may be required to be maintained in a position closer than 50m from the water course (and are not able to be relocated just for refuelling) and therefore special measures will be implemented to avoid spillage of fuels and oils, such as deployment of spill-retaining materials, mobile drip trays and the like ad specific training given to operators in this regard. Areas for road tanker parking and delivery shall be hard surfaced (concrete) and drained to an interceptor. Discharge of rainwater and waste from these areas will be via a treatment system designed to meet the water discharge standards. 102 / 145 At each site where diesel is delivered and stored, spillage equipment shall be installed to contain any spillage during loading. Specific drainage requirements, which include oil interceptors, will be put in place at facilities where diesel is stored and used. All fuel storage areas will be securely fenced and locked to prevent unauthorised access. Only Refuelling Operators will be allowed to dispense fuel as set out below. All fuel storage areas will be equipped with an adequate supply of spill containment materials. Exceptions to the above are to be made for smaller fuel equipment. Generators will be self-bunded and will have an integral fuel tank. Refuelling will be undertaken as per the procedures below. Refuelling will be carried out by the nominated Refuelling Operators who will be specifically trained in the relevant procedures. Upon arriving at the refuelling areas, the Refuelling Operators will dispense the required fuel. Drip Trays The use of integral drip trays for generators, tanks and other fixed plant will be will be encouraged throughout the project. Individual drip trays will be necessary for temporary secondary containment of materials. Storage and Use of Chemicals All chemicals will be stored in designated, locked storage areas, taking care to ensure segregation of potentially reactive substance (e.g. flammables should not be stored with toxic substances). These areas will have an enclosed drainage system/bund to avoid contamination. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) will be provided for all substances and used in project health and safety assessments. Efforts will be made to avoid and minimise the use of hazardous chemicals during construction where possible. Operational phase The average flow rate in Baku 1 and Baku 2 canals is 4000l/s. With water intake to be 64.6 l/s, no adverse impact is envisaged on the operation of the canals, other users and the original water source (Shollar springs). An improved situation in the receiving watercourses and adjacent wetlands currently adversely affected by polluting untreated wastewaters is expected. Groundwater impacts The water resources in the project area include groundwater, which can be expected to benefit from the reduction in discharge of untreated wastewater. SOCIAL – CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT Construction phase The main effects on the local community during construction are associated with the considerable disruption that the works will have within the town through excavation of defunct infrastructure and installation of new water mains and sewer pipes in the roads and connection of water supply pipes and water meters to individual properties. The proximity of the works to residents also raises the issue of health and safety, as well as traffic disruption and interference with access to houses, work places and public buildings such as hospitals and schools. There may be land acquisition issues associated with construction of the service reservoirs and the connecting pipelines, as the infrastructure may cross parcels of privately owned land. Potential land issues may arise due to permanent restrictions on land use above any buried pipeline or due to temporary occupation of land during construction. These aspects will all be considered during the detailed design and the contractor will be made fully aware of the RPF and RAP policies. The RAP will be developed by Amelioration JSC once the details of the resettlement aspects are known. Mitigation Safety at the work site, both for workers and residents has been discussed at length with Amelioration JSC, who will ensure that contractors develop and implement safe working practices. The construction contractor will train its personnel on safety, environment and quality control, as well as implementation of 103 / 145 all the safety rules. Works will be guided by existing laws, sanitary rules and Amelioration JSC work manuals. The following measures will be taken to protect the health of personnel working in polluted areas: • Health and safety training will be conducted as part of project induction for all workers; • All personnel will be supplied with special coveralls and the minimum PPE; • Personnel working in excavation of polluted soils and collection, loading, transportation and disposal of sewage waters will be supplied with protective safety glasses, gloves, long rubber boots and dust masks; • Mobile shower cabins will be set up for personnel; • Personnel will pass regular medical check-ups. • Use of asbestos and other dangerous substances is not planned. As referenced earlier, impacts on people and their economic activity, public transport and agricultural activities during construction phase are possible. Construction sites will be divided into sections, works will be planned according to a schedule prepared beforehand and people and organizations will be notified ahead of time. Borders of construction sites will be marked, safety boards will be placed, signs regulating movement of pedestrians and traffic will be erected. Furthermore, discussions have been held with Amelioration JSC regarding the need to keep residents informed of planned activities, but also to be receptive to their requirements. Thus contractors will be required to develop a traffic management plan in consultation with Amelioration JSC and the municipality and to discuss this at a public meeting prior to start of the works. This should ensure that disruption of residents is minimised and works are co-ordinated to limit impeded access. Work with asbestors The International Labor Organization (ILO) established an Asbestos Convention (C162) in 1986 to promote national laws and regulations for the “prevention and control of, and protection of workers against, health hazards due to occupational exposure to asbestos. The convention outlines aspects of best practice: Scope and Definitions, General Principles, Protective and Preventive Measures, Surveillance of the Working Environment, and Workers’ Health. Some of the ILO asbestos convention requirements: • Work clothing to be provided by employers; • Double changing rooms and wash facilities to prevent dust from going home on street clothes; • Training of workers about the health hazards to themselves and their families; • Periodic medical examinations of workers, • Periodic air monitoring of the work environment, with records retained for 30 years; • Development of a work plan prior to demolition work, to protect workers and provide for proper waste disposal; and • Protection from “retaliatory and disciplinary measures” of workers who remove themselves from work that they are justified in believing presents a serious danger to health. 8.1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures This section of the report further elaborates on the mitigation measures to address the potential negatiove environmental impacts. The impacts, proposed measures and institutional responsibilities are summarized and tabulated in the environmental management plan (EMP) in Table8.2. It outlines the management mechanisms (i.e. working arrangements) for how the environmental and social elements of the project will be managed from detailed design and construction through operation. The EMP contains environmental requirements which are required for the successful implementation of mitigation measures, environmental monitoring, emergency measures and environmental auditing to be carried out during the construction works on the site. The implementation of mitigation measures and emergency measures shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. The Contractor will ensure compliance 104 / 145 with all environmental legislation, regulations and conventions. The responsibility for environmental monitoring lies with the Amelioration JSC and the World Bank. 105 / 145 Table 8.4 Potential Main Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Environme Estimated Cost Of Responsibilit Monitoring nt Or Impact Mitigation y Stage Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Social Measures Component Dust, gases/aerosol Dust prevention by watering and other Provision of water: associated with means; $10,000 Contractor Supervisor/ construction (toxic gasses Transportation of grainy or dusty materials Amelioration JSC discharged by in the top-coated trucks; No cost for other measures construction machineries, Watering of dust sources; provided they are wind blown construction Transportation of dust producing materials integrated into normal materials etc.) during calm days (not in the windy days); operating procedures Avoid making open fires; Air quality Avoid setting fire on residue grease, isolation materials, and other substances; Efficient use of machinery and other technologies; Application of adequate construction methodologies and facilities; Constructi Careful implementation of works in on vulnerable areas. Waste pollution, Protection of the surroundings of the Provision of materials and especially wastes caused construction site; cover to prevent landslide Contractor Supervisor/ by construction and Limited works in the vulnerable zones; risks: $10,000 Amelioration JSC domestic activities; Identify adequate areas to store residue Material storage, civil materials, and transportation of all Traffic management works and other impacts; construction related effluent materials into signage: $5,000 Earth Landfill of wastes and the predetermined site; other materials; Control of erosion process; No cost for other measures Impacts of excavation Provide earth stabilization/green cover over provided they are works; vertical points and slopes to minimize land integrated into normal Possibility of erosion; slide risks; operating procedures Wastewater. Prevent discharge of excavated material to the river beds or lakes; 106 / 145 Environme Estimated Cost Of Responsibilit Monitoring nt Or Impact Mitigation y Stage Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Social Measures Component Avoid unwanted traffic blockage, collect excavated spoil material and discharge somewhere close to the construction site; Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage line, installation of toilets and septic tanks. Damage to the topsoil Adequate design works and selection of Proper storage of toxic resulting from material proper route to minimize impact on the materials/effluents: Contractor Supervisor/ storage, excavation topsoil; $12,500 Amelioration JSC works, temporary roads Usage of excavated soil material for the etc. agriculture purposes; Measures against Loss of topsoil during Cut, store and restore topsoil where landslides addressed above excavation; possible after the completion of the Flushing of topsoil and construction works; No cost for other measures soil erosion due to Discharge of materials to the provided they are polluted water streams; predetermined areas by secondary routs; integrated into normal Topsoil Measures against land slides operating procedures. Storage of toxic materials and effluents in the safe and predetermined areas, its provision with drainage waters, and processing where necessary; Standards applied, including soil erosion prevention by good soil practice and drainage control. Good soil conservation measures and effective reins to prevent future erosion and soil loss. 107 / 145 Environme Estimated Cost Of Responsibilit Monitoring nt Or Impact Mitigation y Stage Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Social Measures Component Pollution of surface and No cost for identified groundwater sources due Avoid discharge of harmful chemical measures provided they are Contractor Supervisor/ to domestic and substances into sewage lines or ground integrated into normal Amelioration JSC construction effluents, surface; operating procedures including harmful Design and operation of natural drainage residues, leakage of fuel and consideration for alternative directions; and other oil related Discharge wastewater flows to the closest products; sewage line, installation of toilets and Blockage of surface and septic tanks. Water groundwater filtration Required standards applied, including safe resources and creation of stagnant removal of wastewater during renovation and waste water accumulations. works, use of appropriate equipment by waters Water scarcity problems workers and ongoing liaison with residents in low flow periods of the and fencing off contaminated areas. year are in low flow periods of the year connected with project and increase of water supply problem for other users which use the same sources Disturbance due to noise Use of adequate construction materials and No cost for identified generated from equipment; measures provided they are Contractor Supervisor/ construction works and Adherence to predetermined work schedule integrated into normal Amelioration JSC intensive traffic to minimize disturbance and operating procedures implementation of noise generating works Constructi Noise during normal work hours; on Minimum use of noise generating equipment (example, stone cutters, compressors); Minimize traffic during dark hours, and use of silencers. 108 / 145 Environme Estimated Cost Of Responsibilit Monitoring nt Or Impact Mitigation y Stage Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Social Measures Component Disturbance of the natural Adequate storage, processing or liquidation No cost for identified habitat due to of wastes; measures provided they are Contractor Supervisor/ construction related Application of relevant construction and integrated into normal Amelioration JSC noise, dust, non-seasonal seasonal work methodologies; operating procedures Natural works, unprocessed Protection of vulnerable areas located close habitat residues and etc. to the construction site. Loss of natural settlement areas due to construction works. Earthworks, operation of Adequate storage, processing or liquidation Storage, processing, machines, noise and etc.; of wastes; liquidation of wastes Contractor Supervisor/ Losses or degradations Protection of vulnerable areas located close addressed above Amelioration JSC during and after to the construction site; Flora and construction works, non- Application of seasonal work No cost for other measures fauna seasonal works, change methodologies where necessary. provided they are of ecological situation integrated into normal etc. operating procedures. Impact of works on Careful design and location of works; Restoration/planting of landscape and Restoration of damaged trees, protection greenery: $50,000 Contractor Supervisor/ disturbance to natural lines and etc.; Amelioration JSC Aesthetics sights, greenness and Planting of greenery in the construction No cost for remaining and trees; site, careful implementation of works in the measures provided they are landscape Noise, dust, residue and work sites, and management of wastes. integrated into normal Constructi etc. during and after operating procedures. on construction. Damage to agricultural Liaise effectively with relevant lands, including drainage organizations and residents before start of No cost for identified Contractor Supervisor/ Agriculture and irrigation construction, maintain dialogue, develop a measures provided they are Amelioration JSC infrastructure. grievance procedure, strictly control 109 / 145 Environme Estimated Cost Of Responsibilit Monitoring nt Or Impact Mitigation y Stage Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Social Measures Component machinery and vehicle access and reinstate integrated into normal all affected areas operating procedures. Livestock resources Liaise effectively with farmers and damaged by machinery residents before start of construction, No cost for identified Contractor Supervisor/ and vehicles. maintain dialogue, develop a grievance measures provided they are Amelioration JSC Livestock procedure, strictly control machinery and integrated into normal vehicle access and reinstate all affected operating procedures. areas Health risks from Planning of measures dealing with security Trainings: $25,000 unprocessed wastes; and environmental protection issues; Contractor Supervisor/ Use of harmful Adherence to project standards, good No cost for identified Amelioration JSC substances (paints with signage, ongoing consultation with measures provided they are heavy metal, lead residents, including schools. All workers to integrated into normal Health and compositions), asbestos- use appropriate PPE and be trained at operating procedures. safety of cement slabs, project induction. Safety fencing provided. residents inflammable and toxic Organization and implementation of and workers materials etc.). security and safety related trainings; Construction of warehouse Management of materials in accordance for temporal storage of with the relevant ecological and sanitary- hazardous wastes: $50,000 hygiene norms; Identification of dangerous sites, proper storage/liquidation of waste materials. Damage to areas of There are no areas of historic/cultural value No cost for identified Areas of historical and cultural to be affected by project. But if it appears measures provided they are Contractor Supervisor/ historical value located in the relevant measures need to be taken integrated into normal Amelioration JSC and project area Staff awareness; operating procedures cultural Inform adequate organizations in case of value archeological findings; Temporary termination of works. 110 / 145 Environme Estimated Cost Of Responsibilit Monitoring nt Or Impact Mitigation y Stage Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Social Measures Component Loss of property, land There no need for resettlement. Costs for resettlement (if and damage to living For areas where lands used for agricultural any) to be negotiated by Contractor Supervisor/ Resettleme areas of population crop production relevant plans need to be project owner in Amelioration JSC nt Due to the new location prepared, which includes provision of accordance with relevant Land of WWTP there will not replacement lands or compensation for lost legislation, contractual acquisition be any need for access to plots of arable land and lost fruit agreement or other resettlement or nut trees. documents. Quality of treated water Operation supervision of treatment No cost for identified facilities in due accordance with the measures provided they are Contractor Supervisor/ operation guidelines; integrated into normal Amelioration JSC Quality control of water flows entering the operating procedures system; Risks to Avoid pollution of treated waters with the human wastewater flows; health and Avoid over-chlorination of water flows Operatio environme supplied to the consumers. ns nt Breakages and There is need to develop scheduled Training cost identified (potable emergency situations preventative maintenance below Contractor Supervisor/ water Training of staff on safety and human No cost for remaining Amelioration JSC systems) security issues; measures provided they are Measures to avoid leakage of chlorine gas. integrated into normal operating procedures Reduction of treated Prevent illegal connections to the system; No cost for remaining water quantities Proper operation of the system including measures provided they are Contractor Supervisor/ Social- water treatment, pipelines, connection lines integrated into normal Amelioration JSC economical and etc. operating procedure Ensure an affordable tariff structure and proper collection of fees. Quality of wastewater Constant monitoring of wastewater flows Monitoring of downstream and its impacts on human coming out of the wastewater treatment environmental quality: Contractor Supervisor/ Operatio Risks to health and environment plant; $12,500 one time every 2 Amelioration JSC ns human years for 20 years 111 / 145 Environme Estimated Cost Of Responsibilit Monitoring nt Or Impact Mitigation y Stage Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Social Measures Component (sewage health and Additional nitrogen and Discharge of wastewater into the and environme phosphorous removal environment only after adequate treatment; No cost for remaining wastewat ntal proses will: Training of operation staff for their measures provided they are er) impacts Contribute in keeping and qualification raising; integrated into normal improving existing water Monitoring of downstream habitats to operating procedures quality, evaluate the extent to which they return to Increase in dissolved their previously unpolluted state. oxygen (DO) level which will contribute in to the aquatic life. Eutrophication which usually manifests itself as an increase in phyto- plankton concentrations to nuisance levels will be avoided by decreased nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Provide the income level of tourism, fishing. The execution of new design criteria for removal of nutrients will have additional benefits for the quality of water resources. The aquatic environment will be affected in positive manner due to increase in water quality by means of removal of nutrients in wastewater. 112 / 145 Environme Estimated Cost Of Responsibilit Monitoring nt Or Impact Mitigation y Stage Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Social Measures Component Instead of chlorination implementation UV disinfection will have positive effects on natural environment. Hence There will be no effects on fishes and algal organisms. Keeping quality of Caspian Sea. Quality of sediments in Adequate processing of sludge; Monitoring of sludge the treatment structures Monitoring of nematodes, coliforms and quality: $10,000/year Contractor Supervisor/ (sludge), risks due to heavy metals in the composition of output Transportation of sludge Amelioration JSC agricultural consumption sludge; $10,000/year of these wastes. Transportation of sludge in the closed Decrease in use of area containers; Training cost identified for sludge drying will Training of operation staff for their below lessen demand to the land qualification raising. use. Training In application of sludge, and The envisaged process monitoring of sludge application type of sludge production has increased the possibility of use of sludge in agricultural areas. Smell generations in the Planning and management of smell Odour masking agents: wastewater treatment mitigation; $US 5,000/year Contractor Supervisor/ structure; Tight shutting of smell producing Amelioration JSC equipment and containers. No cost for remaining measures provided they are 113 / 145 Environme Estimated Cost Of Responsibilit Monitoring nt Or Impact Mitigation y Stage Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Social Measures Component integrated into normal operating procedures Risks to human health Use of authorized sites for non-hazardous Training: $25,000 in first Safe storage waste disposal; support and arrangements year; $5,000/year in each Contractor Supervisor/ of for setting facilities for hazardous waste following year Amelioration JSC hazardous safe storage and non- No cost for identified hazardous measures provided they are Operation wastes integrated into normal s operating procedures (potable Risks to health of Training of staff on safety and human water, residents and workers and security issues; Contractor Supervisor/ sewage to the environment Training of staff on sanitary and hygiene Amelioration JSC and rules to prevent infections from wastewater wastewate discharges and sludge residues; r) Human Provide staff with adequate protection health uniforms and facilities; Measures to prevent emergency situations such as leakage of chlorine gas. Monitoring of drinking water and wastewater quality Note: All mitigation measures identified in this Table should be specified in all bidding documents (Bill of Quantities) and contracts for construction and operaton of the project, and should also be including in all manuals or operating procedures that are developed. In total around 200000 USD need to be allocated to implement main mitigation measures. 114 / 145 The Contractor will be contractually required to conform to the requirements specified in the EIA and EMP and will be accountable to Amelioration JSC, as the client, through its Project Implementation Unit (PIU). It is recommended (as agreed with Amelioration JSC) that the PIU is supported in achieving project environmental and social safeguard objectives by support from an environmental consultant included into the staff of construction Supervisory Body. The precise details have not yet been determined, but the consultant will advise and support the PIU in implementation of the EIA standards during construction and into operation. Furthermore, local Bank staff will work with the consultant and the PIU during development of the environmental plans. There are several mechanisms of ensuring delivery during construction of both general and site specific mitigation developed in EIAs. One mechanism favored for the project involves requiring the Contractor to further develop the outline requirements in an EMP by designing individual Management Plans, such as oil and fuel storage, waste management, traffic management and pollution prevention. This approach for each individual scheme will benefit from oversight by the PIU to form a set of environmental requirements applicable to the project as a whole, which will ensure compliance of the work to both national and Bank standards. Such measures will be mandated in the bidding and contract documents, so that an overall good standard of work is achieved. This approach also has benefits of institutional capacity training, as the knowledge and capability of Amelioration JSC will be extended to effective environmental management and as each scheme comes on stream the PIU will benefit from knowledge gained on previous schemes. Main elements of the Specific Management Plans are given in able 8.3 Table 8.3 List of Specific Management Plans Spesific Outline of Content Management Plan Waste Measures to reduce, handle, separate, store and dispose waste from Management operations and work sites. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting. Instructions for the storage and handling of various types of hazardous materials. Waste Water Measures to control, collect, treat or reuse wastewater from various Management sources to avoid pollution. Air Quality Measures to reduce and control air emission from various sources. Control Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting. Dust Control Measures to reduce and control dust emissions from roads, work sites and construction activities. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting. Noise and Measures to reduce and control noise and vibrations generated by Vibration Control plant at all work sites and from transport activities. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting. Traffic Procedures for minimising disruption to traffic and access, Management especially for public buildings such as hospitals and schools. Emergency Procedures for response to a range of incidents and emergencies. Response Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting. Archaeology and Measures to reduce adverse impacts on cultural heritage during Cultural Heritage construction. If any late finds are made measures must be taken to ensure ‘conservation’ in accordance with legislation. Oil and fuel Specification for storage of all oils and fuels (secondary storage and containment etc) and procedures for refuelling vehicles, plant and refuelling equipment so as to ensure environmental protection. Site Inspection Procedures for site inspection and reporting including notification of non-compliance Handling of Procedures for handling of complaints including response to Complaints and complainer and reporting. Grievances 115 / 145 Spesific Outline of Content Management Plan Environmental - Project Induction Training - Toolbox talks Training requirements and procedures including target groups, contents of training sessions and verification. Storage and use Registration, logging of material safety data sheets and risk of hazardous assessment of materials and chemicals being used in the project. products & Documentation requirements. substances Reinstatement Plan for topsoil management and removal of all equipment and Plan materials from temporary work sites and reinstatement of areas to a standard at least as good as the pre-construction condition. 8.2. Monitoring Conducting monitoring is the major strategic tool in environmental management and the extent of project monitoring will be dependent on the nature, scale and potential impact of the project activities. Monitoring may require the services of environmental specialists or a company with laboratory and analytical facilities (for complex environmental problems) or inspection by the local government environmental officers. Main elements of the environmental monitoring plan are the following: In construction phase: • Dust monitoring; • Noise monitoring; • Solid wastes monitoring; • Waste waters monitoring; • Soil monitoring. In utilization phase: • Monitoring of water volume in water sources and water storages; • Monitoring of microbiological and chemical composition of water distributed to people, comparison to water standards; • Monitoring of pollution level of sewage; • Monitoring of waste waters after purification; • Monitoring of depositions settled in water cleaning plants; • Monitoring of cleaned sewage in the place where it joins to sewage collector; • Monitoring of soil where depositions generated in water cleaning plants will be used as fertilizers. Monitoring of all activities during the construction period will be under the responsibility of the Contractor, whose environmental performance will be controlled by the Amelioration JSC (PIU and Environmental Specialist) and supervision consultant appointed by PIU. The Contractor will prepare Specific Management Plans (see Table 8.3 above)_ addressing all aspects of the EMP, and will establish a team for the monitoring activities(Table 8.3). The Contractor will be responsible for the compliance of the constructions with the national norms and standards. Monitoring of construction activities will have to ensure that mitigation measures of construction impacts are being implemented properly. The Contractor’s Environmental Team will be subject to the government inspections(MENR, MoH) from time to time. An individual auditing company may also inspect the Contractor on a long-term basis, such as every 3 months or 6 months. Regular reports on implementation of monitoring plan will be submitted to Contractor . The Environmental Monitoring Plan (see Table 8.4 below) has been prepared based on an initial monitoring plan developed as part of the Feasibility Study. 116 / 145 Table 8.4. Environmental Monitoring Plan Frequency of Cost Item Element Location Type of monitoring Purpose of monitoring monitoring During periodic site 2500 USD visits to be carried on To ensure adherence to daily basis by In the Visual monitoring environmental protection contractor and by Dust construction requirements monitor appointed in sites the contract Relevance to standards 2500 USD Project site and surrounding area Each month and rules Visual monitoring 2500 USD Wastewater flows In the To ensure adherence to During monthly site generated in the construction environmental protection visits construction sites sites requirements 2500 USD In the To ensure adherence to Collection of solid During periodic site Construction construction Visual monitoring environmental protection wastes visits repair works sites requirements To ensure adherence to 2500 USD Utilization of Abandoned During periodic site Visual monitoring environmental protection solid wastes areas visits requirements Use of dangerous 2500 USD materials h (paints with heavy metals, lead In the To ensure adherence to compositions, construction Visual monitoring and study of Each month environmental protection asbestos-cement sites with right documentation requirements slabs, pipes, documentation inflammable and toxic substances etc.) 117 / 145 In the 2500 USD Protective To ensure adherence to construction measures in the Visual monitoring Each month environmental protection sites with right construction site and safety requirements documentation In the To ensure adherence to 2500 USD Protection of construction Visual monitoring Each month environmental protection nature sites requirements Earth restoration In the To ensure adherence to 2500 USD At completion of after excavation construction Visual monitoring environmental protection construction works works sites requirements 2500 USD Noise & Project To ensure adherence to vibrations During periodic site area/close to Portative noise metering device environmental protection resulting from visits,on daily basis settlements requirements equipment work Traffic operation 2500 USD /movement In the visual monitoring of machinery and To ensure adherence to During periodic site construction b) trucks carrying construction environmental protection visits sites materials requirements In the 1000 USD During periodic site To ensure adherence to Reduced access construction visual monitoring visits on daily basis requirements sites Vehicle and 2500 USD pedestrian safety In the On daily basis during To ensure adherence to when there is no construction visual monitoring by supervisor nonworking hours requirements construction sites activity To ensure adherence to 1000 USD Utilization of Abandoned Visual Periodic visits environmental protection solid wastes areas requirements Operation Inlet to 6000 USD Each Quality of treated Measuring (pH, turbidity, In accordance with the Relevance to standards treatment year potable water suspended solids, bacteria) schedule and norms structure 118 / 145 Measuring (physical-chemical and 6000 USD Adequacy of Outlet to bacteriological, including heavy In accordance with the Relevance to potable treated potable treatment metals and pesticides on permanent schedule water standards water to standards structure basis) Outlet to 6000 USD each Quality of treated Measuring (physical-chemical and In accordance with the Relevance to standards treatment year wastewater bacteriological analyses) schedule and norms structure Water quality 6000 USD (visual, water At up and downstream points of To ensure adherence to smell, water discharge and water Each month environmental protection bacteriological, discharge areas (basins) requirements chemical) Monitoring of nemotodes, Relevance to FAO Quality of sludge coliforms and Physical, chemical and After sludge requirements for 6000 USD (sediments) heavy metals of bacteriological analyses processing neutralization or reuse for sludge agricultural purposes composition 1 119 / 145 8.3. Capacity Assessment for the Environmental Management of the Project There is a Department on Control of Protection and Use of Water Resources in the Amelioration JSC, consisting of 5 staff trained under several international initiatives and programs (e.g. ADB Flood Mitigation Project). The main functions of this department include also control of compliance with water quality and quantity requirements during the abstraction and use of water resources for different purposes.. The PIU for this project has a full-time Environmental Specialist who has obtained significant experience under the Irrigation and Drainage Project financed by the World Bank. In order to further strengthen the capacity of the PIU and the Amelioration JSC (including its local departments), the project will provide resources for specifically targeted training sessions to cover aspects of environmental management for both construction and operational phases of water projects. Also, the project will involve international consultancy services to supervise the construction works, which will include environmental supervision expertise. 120 / 145 LIST OF REFERENCES 1. Verdiyev R. H. Water resources of the East Caucasus rivers, under the climate changes. Baku 2002, Elm, p. 224. 2. Potable water. Hygienic requirements to quality of water of the centralized systems of potable water supply. Sanitary- drinking norms. M. 1996- p.111. 3. Rustamov S.G., Kashkay R.M. Water resources of the rivers Azerbaijan SSR, Baku, Elm 1989, p. 180. 4. Project of UNDP/SİDA: Reducing trans-boundary degradation of the Kura-Aras river basin. Institutional aspects of water sector of South Caucasus countries, Tbilisi 2005. 5. Project of UNDP/SİDA: Reducing trans-boundary degradation of the Kura-Aras River Basin. An estimation of Legislative needs for reducing of degradation of the Kura-Aras River Basin, Tbilisi 2005. 6. Farda İmanov, Rafig Verdiyev. Protection of the small rivers of flowing into the Caspian Sea with participation of public, Baku 2006, 108 p , Adilogli editorial office. 7. www.eco.gov.az 8. www.worldbank.org 9. www.azersu.az 10. www.ec.europa.eu 121 / 145 ANNEXES ANNEX I. Project Area in Siyazan region 122 / 145 ANNEX II. Proposed WS option 123 / 145 Annex III. Proposed Sewage System 124 / 145 ANNEX IV. Proposed alternative Sewage System option 125 / 145 ANNEX V. Proposed water distribution system 126 / 145 ANNEX VI. WATER REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS A. Drinking Water Drinking water treatment requirements should determined according to the quality of raw water from the different sources. EU Council Directive 75/440/EEC describes the quality required for surface water which is intended for the abstraction of drinking water in the EU Member States: The surface water is divided into 3 categories (A1, A2, A3) according to limiting values: Category A1: Simple physical treatment and disinfection, e. g. rapid filtration and disinfection Category A2: Normal physical treatment, chemical treatment and disinfection, e. g. pre-chlorination, coagulation, flocculation, decantation, filtration, disinfection (final chlorination) Category A3: Intensive physical and chemical treatment, extended treatment and disinfection, e. g. chlorination to break-point, coagulation, flocculation, decantation, filtration, adsorption (activated carbon), disinfection (ozone, final chlorination) In the summary project FS document proposes to consider the values according to EU Directive 75/440/EEC as criterion for this Project. It has to be emphasized that treated water quality must meet the limiting values set in “EU Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption”. Parametric values are divided in A) Microbiological Parameters B) Chemical Parameters C) Indicator Parameters The parameters and the limiting values are listed in Annex I to Council Directive 98/83/EC. Relevant water qualiity standards in Azerbaijan are given in below Table. Table. Water qiality standards in Azerbaijan INDICATOR Standards pH 6,0-9,0 Turbidity 1.5 mg/l Microorganism (Colonies are formed in 1 ml test water) <100 Coliform bacteria (coliform index), intestinal bacteria formed in 1 litre of test water <3 Nitrates (N03) 45 mg/l Nitrites (N02) 3 mg/l Chlorides 350 mg/l Phosphates 1.0 mg/l Sulfates (S04) 500 mg/l Total hardness 7 mmol/1 Remained chlorine 0.3-0.5 Al 0.5 mg/l As 0.05 mg/l Fe 0. 3 mg/l 127 / 145 Ni 0.1 mg/l Cr (Cr6+) 0.05 mg/l Cu (Cr2+) 1 mg/l Zn 5 mg/l Cd 0.001 mg/l Pb 0.03 mg/l Hg 0.0005 mg/l B. Treated Waste Water and sludge In the proposed FS document it is shown that WWTP should meet the requirements of internationla standards. As it states the amounts of 50 g BOD5/cap/d, 100 gCOD/cap/d , 10.5 gN/cap/d and 70 g/cap/dtotal suspended substances seems to be consistent with acting standards and those used in other European countries like Germany, Turkey etc. As there is no legislation in Azerbaijan defining the limit effluent values of WWTPsto use international standards for this purposes. The standard for wastewater treatment in the European Union is presented in the Urban Wastewater Directive 91/271/EEC issued on May 21 1991. The EU-Standard differentiates between sensitive and non-sensitive receiving water bodies. Table 6.2 . Effluent Standards acc. EU-Directive 91/271/EEC Parameter (Unit) Sensitive Area Non-Sensitive Area • BOD5 • mg/l • 25 • 25 • COD • mg/l • 125 • 125 • TSS • mg/l • 35 • 35 • N,tot • mg/l • 15 • -- • P,tot • mg/l • 2 • -- The requirements for N and P refer to annual mean values and a minimum wastewater temperature of 12° C. According to the Azerbaijan rules, discharge of wastewaters into water bodies is allowed only after obtaining a permit for "special water-use". The degree to which discharged wastewaters have to be treated (purified) is determined by the Maximum Allowable Discharge (MAD) norms for polluting substances. These norms are normally imposed in order to gradually improve surface water quality and meet the sanitary-hygienic requirements in proximity to water-intake structures. Application of certain methods of use of waste water on irrigated fields depend on preliminary preparation, with consideration of natural conditions and type of cultivated crops. Assessment of waste water quality and its sludge, applied for irrigation and fertilization is conducted in complex way according to agrochemical and sanitary-hygienic and veterinary-sanitary indications. Regulation of indicators of quality of watering water and its sludge is made with consideration of soil-climatic, hydro- geologicla conditions of territory of specific object, biological specific features of cultivated crops and technology of irrigation. Chemical composition of waste water, used for irrigation is assessed on the basis of activity of hydrogen ion (pH), composition of amount of dissolved salts, availability of main biogenic elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), micro-elements and organic substances. 128 / 145 Requirements for quality of wastewater and its sludge Quality of waste water and its sludge, used for irrigation is regulated by chemical, bacteriological and parasitological indications. Admissible concentration of heavy metals in waste water is established depending on irrigation norm, and it is defined in each specific case in accordance with acting requirements to waste water quality and its sludge, used for irrgigation and fertilization. Waste water, containing microelements, including heavy metals in quantities not exceeding MAC for economy- potable water use, may be used for irrigation without restrictions. Possibility of use of treated industrial and mixed waste water in at irrigated fields is settled in each specific case by bodies and institutions of state sanitary-epidemiology and veterinary services on base of results of special researches, directed for learning of degree and character of impact of waste water on soil, cultivated crops, live- stock and cattle breeding production. Requirements concerning sludge from wastewater, applied for fertilization Use of sludge of waste water for fertilization may be admitted after its sterilization by one of methods in accordance with acting Sanitary rules of installation and operation of agricultural fields of irrigation. Before use of sludge at lots for fertilization, agrochemical examination of soil on following parameters is to be conducted: pH, composition of active forms of phosphorus, potassium, heavy metals-lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, mercury, zinc. Examination is made on base of methods, accepted at agrochemical service. As a rule, content of heavy metals in sludge of waste water from enterprises, reprocessing agricultural production is lower, however, nutritive substances are higher, than in sludge from city treatment facilities. With the aim to exclude hazard of pollution of soil, production and environment by heavy metals sludge of waste water purposed for fertilization are to be obligatorily analyzed for checking of heavy metals: lead, cadmium, chrome, copper, nickel, mercury, and zinc. Application of sludge of industrial –domestic waste water, containing heavy metals and composts from them is prohibited, if introduction of these fertilizers will increase level of pollution of soils up to values 0,7-0,8 MACs Quality control of waste water and its sludge, which are applied for irrigation and fertilization Production laboratory control on envisaging of sanitation rules and standards at operation of at irrigated fields includes: • control of effectiveness of operation of plants on preliminary preparation of waste water and its sludge before introduction at agricultural fields; • quality control of underground and surface water, whcih are in the area of impact at agricultural fields • quality control of soil and agricultural production 129 / 145 ANNEX VII. WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SIYAZAN ORGANOLEPTIC PARAMETERS Odour Taste Suspended Turbidity qualitative qualitative Sediment Dilution Lab N Sample ID TON NTU mg/l number 11579 Siyazan Pumping station -1 Baku-2 canal 1 1 <1 <1 11580 Siyazan Pumping station 21 Baku-1 canal 1 1 <1 <1 MDL ND ND 1 1 RSD(%) ND ND 5 5 no no no EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) abnormal abnormal abnormal ND change change change WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND ND ND US EPA 3 3 4 ND ГОСТ 2874-82 2 2 ND 1.5 TON- threshold odor number MDL- Method Detection Limit RSD(%)- Reliative Standard Deviation in % of measured value EU98- Drinking water quality standards- Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intented for human consumption. Adopted on 3 November 1998 WHO- World Helthy Organization USEPA- United States Environmental Pollution Agency GOST- Formet Soviet Union Standardization Agency ND- not determined 130 / 145 SENSORIC & PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS Redox- pH Dissolved Water Conductivity, Total Color Potential, value, Oxygen, Hardness Bromine temperature* 25°C Alkalinity 25°C 25°C O2 Lab N Project ID °C mg/l Pt/Co uS/cm mV mg/l mgCaCO3/l mgCaCO3/l mg/l Siyazan Pumping-1 Baku-2 11581 16 <5 634 230 7.74 8.62 320 257 <0.05 canal Siyazan Pumping station 11580 16 <5 640 239 7.78 8.6 308 253 <0.05 21 Baku-1 canal MDL ND 5 10 10 ND ND 10 10 0.05 RSD(%) ND ND 5.0 5.0 ND ND 5.0 5.0 5.0 no EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) ND abnormal 2500 ND 6.5÷9.5 ND ND ND ND change WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND 2500 ND 6.5÷8.5 ND ND ND ND US EPA ND 15 ND ND 6.5÷8.5 ND ND ND ND ГОСТ 2874-82 ND 20 ND ND 6.0÷9.0 ND 7 mol/m3 ND ND *Measured during sampling; ND- not determined 131 / 145 ANIONS Chloride, Sulphate, Bicarbonate Nitrite, Nitrate, Fluoride, Cyanides, Cl SO4 HCO3 NO2 NO3 F CN- Lab N Project ID mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l Siyazan Pumping station-1 11581 9.7 92 313 0.007 14.2 0.15 0.004 Baku-2 canal Siyazan Pumping station 21 11580 15 94 309 0.005 12.1 0.16 0.004 Baku-1 canal MDL 0.5 0.5 10 0.002 0.1 0.02 0.002 RSD (%) 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 5.0 EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) 250 250 ND 0.5 50 1.5 0.05 WHO's drinking water standards 1993 250 500 ND ND 50 1.5 0.07 US EPA 250 250 ND 1 10 4.0 0.2 ГОСТ 2874-82 350 500 ND ND 45 0.7 ND 132 / 145 CATIONS Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium. Ammonium, Boron, Na K Ca Mg NH4 B Lab N Project ID mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l Siyazan Pumping station-1 11581 21.3 2.23 76.4 28.9 <0.01 <0.2 Baku-2 canal Siyazan Pumping station 21 11580 33.6 2.55 67.0 29.7 <0.01 <0.2 Baku-1 canal MDL 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.02 0.2 RSD(%) 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 5.0 5.0 EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) 200 ND ND ND 0.5 1.0 WHO's drinking water standards 1993 200 ND ND ND ND ND US EPA 200 ND ND ND ND ND GOST ND ND ND ND ND ND 133 / 145 RADIONUCLIDES Total Radium Radium Lead 210 Tritium indicative 226 228 dose Lab N Project ID Bq/l Bq/l Bq/l Bq/l mSv/year Siyazan Pumping station-1 11581 <0.41 <0.29 <2.7 <1 0.1 Baku-2 canal Siyazan Pumping station 21 11580 <0.41 <0.29 <2.7 <1 0.1 Baku-1 canal EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) ND ND ND 100 0.1 WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND ND ND ND US EPA 180 ND ND ND ГОСТ 2874-82 ND ND ND ND ND 134 / 145 HEAVY METALS Iron, Aluminium, Arsenic, Chromium Nickel, Selenium, Mercury, Antimony, Manganese, Copper, Cadmium, Lead, Fe Al As Cr Ni Se Hg Sb Mn (total) Cu Cd Pb (total) Project Lab N ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ID Siyazan Pumping 11581 station-1 1.01 0.35 0.61 0.043 1.14 <0.2 0.025 148.7 38.9 0.035 <0.01 0.012 Baku-2 canal Siyazan Pumping station 11580 0.84 0.29 1.10 0.084 0.84 <0.2 0.019 62.9 4.4 0.053 <0.01 <0.01 21 Baku-1 canal MDL 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.5 0.2 0.01 0.3 0.3 0.03 0.01 0.01 RSD(%) 6.0 2.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 <5.0 5.0 1.2 2.5 4.0 <5.0 5.0 EU98 (Council Directive 200 10 50 20 10 1 5 200 50 2000 5 10 98/83/EC) WHO's drinking water standards 200 10 50 20 10 1 5 300 500 2000 3 10 1993 US EPA 50 10 100 100 50 2 6 300 50 1300 5 15 ГОСТ 2874-82 500 50 500 100 10 1 ND 300 100 1000 1 30 135 / 145 TOTAL ORGANICS CHARACTERIZATION Total organic Permanganate carbon (TOC) index, O2 Lab N Project ID mg/l mg/l Siyazan Pumping station-1 11581 <0.3 0.70 Baku-2 canal Siyazan Pumping station 21 11580 <0.3 0.64 Baku-1 canal MDL 0.3 0.4 RSD(%) 5.0 5 EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) ND 5 WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND US EPA ND ND ГОСТ 2874-82 ND ND 136 / 145 MICROBIOLOGY CHARACTERIZATION Colony Colony Escheria Coliform Pseudomonas Clostridium Enterococci count @ count @ coli pathogens aeruginosa perfringens 22° 36°C Lab N Project ID c/100 ml c/100 ml c/100 ml c/100 ml c/100 ml c/1 ml c/1 ml Siyazan Pumping station-1 11581 Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found 18 4 Baku-2 canal Siyazan Pumping station 21 11580 Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found 26 8 Baku-1 canal MDL 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 RSD NA NA NA NA NA NA NA EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) 0/250 ml 0/100 ml 0/250 ml 0/250 ml 0/100 100/ml 20/ml WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ГОСТ 2874-82 0 3 ND ND ND 100 ND Not found- Non detected bacterias during test; NA- Not Applicable 137 / 145 CONCLUSIONS As results of fulfilled study program, following conclusions about water quality could be derived for studied samples: Organoleptic parameters: Samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria. Sensoric & Physical-chemical Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water parameters: quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria. Anions and Cations content: Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO criteria. But only nitrate content in sample were above US EPA criteria. Radionuclides: Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria. Heavy metals: Samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria. Total organics: Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria. Microbiology communities: Samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria. Hazardous organics: These tests were not applied for these samples, because absence of oil hydrocarbons or pesticide pollution and plactic pipes are not using in current system. ANNEX VIII . Characteristics of Surface Water Intended for the Abstraction of Drinking Water Parameters Unit A1 A2 A3 pH 6.5 – 8.5 5.5 – 9.0 5.5 – 9.0 Coloration (after simple filtration) mg/l Pt scale 20 100 200 Total suspended solids (SS) mg/l 25 (G) Temperature °C 25 25 25 Conductivity at 20 °C μs/cm-1 1000 (G) 1000 (G) 1000 (G) Dilution factor 3 (G) 20 (G) 20 (G) Odour at 25 °C Nitrates (NO3) mg/l 50 50 50 Fluorides (F) mg/l 1.5 Dissiolved Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.3 2 Manganese (Mn) mg/l 0.05 (G) 0.1 (G) 1 (G) Copper (Cu) mg/l 0.05 0.05 (G) Zinc (Zn) mg/l 3 5 5 Boron (B) mg/l 1 (G) 1 (G) 1 (G) Arsenic (As) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.1 Cadmium (Cd) mg/l 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total Chromium (Cr) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 Lead (Pb) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 Selenium (Se) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 Mercury (Hg) mg/l 0.001 0.001 0.001 Barium (Ba) mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 Sulphates (SO4) mg/l 250 250 250 Chlorides (Cl) mg/l 200 (G) 200 (G) 200 (G) Surfactants (reacting with methyl blue) mg/l 0.2 (G) 0.2 (G) 0.4(G) (laurylsulphate) Phosphates (P2O5) mg/l 0.4 (G) 0.7 (G) 0.7(G) Phenoles (C6 H5OH) mg/l 0.001 0.005 0.1 Dissolved or Emulsified Hydrocarbons mg/l 0.05 0.2 1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons mg/l 0.0002 0.0002 0.001 138 / 145 Pesticides mg/l 0.001 0.0025 0.005 Dissolced Oxiygen Satuaration Rate % O2 > 70 (G) > 50 (G) > 30 (G) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/l O2 < 3 (G) < 5 (G) < 7 (G) Nitroogen (N) by Kjeldahl Method 1 (G) 2 (G) 3 (G) (Except NO3) mg/l Ammonia (NH4) mg/l 0.05 (G) 1.5 4 Substances Extrahable with Chloroform mg/l SEC 0.1 (G) 0.2 (G) 0.5 (G) Total Coliforms at 37 °C /100 ml 50 (G) 5000 (G) 50000(G) Faecal Coliforms /100 ml 20 (G) 2000 (G) 20000(G) Faecal Streptococci /100 ml 20 (G) 1000 (G) 10000(G) Not present Not present Salmonella in 1000 ml in 1000 ml Note: values marked with “G” shall be respected as guidelines. Depending on the category the following standard methods of treatment for transforming surface water into drinking water are defined: ANNEX IX. .The List Of Participants Of Public Consultation Meeting On Siyazan Rayon WSS Project Name Position Phone 1 Zafar Aliyev The Siyazan district deputy of the head of Executive 050-331- authority on social economical problems, Head of 3304 Rayon Commission on WSS project implementation 2 Mais Suleymanov The Siyazan district Executive authority apparatus, head of the division on architecture and construction 3 Rasim Tahirli Representative on Siyazan city Executive authority 050-330- 3071 4 Azar Babayev Chairman of the Siyazan municipality 5 Bahram Sultanov Siyazan head of statistics office 6 Mehman Yagubov Director of the Sanitary and Epidemiological center 7 Niyazi Qadimov Head of the office of irrigation systems of Siyazan 8 Eldar Cabbarov Head of Siyazan water- agency office 050- 3647602 9 Akif Aliyev Head of Siyazan Water Department 10 Kamil Xalilov Head of Siyazan District Department of state committee on land and Cartography 11 Rafig Karimov Head of the Siyazan telecommunication company 12 Dilavar Narimanov Chief engineer of the Siyazan Electric net 13 Faig Nasbullayev Head of the Siyazan Gas exploitation sector 14 Sadig Mayilov Siyazan telecommunication company 15 Tarlan Movsumov Siyazan Siyazan telecommunication company 16 Ilgar Mammadov The head of Executive authority in Eynibulag administrative territorial unit 139 / 145 17 Shirinbala Ilyasov Chairman of the Yenikand municipality 18 Ilhama Niftaliyeva Siyazan city inhabitant 19 Tavat Agayeva Siyazan city inhabitant 20 Ilham Mammadov Siyazan city inhabitant , businessman 21 Vahid Muslumov Siyazan city inhabitant 22 Asli Dadasova Siyazan city director of the secondary school 23 Zal Rustamova Chairman of the Zarat municipality 24 Sahin Mirzayev Siyazan city inhabitant , businessman 25 Qalamsah Babayev Siyazan city inhabitant 26 Rafail Haciyev Siyazan head of the District Education Department 27 Tovha Azimova Siyazan head of the District Central Hospital 28 Safar Aliyev Siyazan city inhabitant , businessman Annex X. Public meeting on discussion of EİA report for Siyazan and Shabran regions Shabran town 22 October 2010 Workshop üas organized in the meeting venue provided by the Shabran Rayon Executive Powerş The representative of EPTİSA Rafig Verdiyev provided the general information about the Project to participants and answered asked questions. Main discussions wehre about proposals of Project Alternatives, Proposal Water sources , Environment Impact Assessment, Scheduled Activities for Environment Management Plan, Proposed Mitigation Measures. The Presentation followed up with interesting discussions. Discussions were mainly about water supply, location of waste water treatment plant, sewer canals, project schedule and employment of local people in project construction work. Some people asked about length of construction works and potential its impacts/ The environmental consultant of the EIA informed that provided proposals will be considered in the EIA. The essential questions and proposals during the presentation: Comment Response 1 Eldar Jabbarov It will be some pipe coming to each yard with water Will houses be connected to new meters mainly at the end . Everyone then can be water supply and sanitation network connected from where . Same will be with sewage by the project situation 2 Nadirov Qafar Project intends to use water for water supply of The quality and cost of water taken population. It shouldn’t be realistic to use delivered water from Baku pipelines doesn't satisfy for irrigation when other sources , including Samur- irrigation. Will it be any option to Absheron canal can be used. This issue is discussed with supply irrigation water from Samur Amelioration JSC and it is likely som solution will be Absheron canal found. 4 Qurbanov Tofiq Project feasibility document and EIA document about suggest to use treated sewage water in watering in the 140 / 145 There is water insufficiency in agriculture. The proposed new swaste water treatment watering the region. Is intended in a splant is considering to provide needed for this purposes project to use cleaned sewage water quality of water in watering? 7 Yusifov Nadir When putting or replacing of water and waste water pipes When the pipelines pass from and arrangement of infrastructure, all environment related population area, will the roads consideratyions will be followed according to EMP, recovered back and how soon it will including covering of roads after installiation of pipes. . take place 7 Yusifov Nadir The losses will be compensated according to the If pipelines or device will pass from legislation of Azerbaijan Republic and World Bank population area, will be demand. compensation paid to them? A. Participants from Siyazan 141 / 145 142 / 145 143 / 145 B. Participants from Shabran 144 / 145 145 / 145