PROCUREMENT PLAN Project information: Niger, Sahel Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases (P149526) Project Implementation agency: Fonds Commun d'appui à la mise en œuvre du PDS Date of the Procurement Plan: 3rd Octobre 2017 Period covered by this Procurement Plan: Preamble In accordance with paragraph 5.9 of the “World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers” (July 2016) (“Procurement Regulations”) the Bank’s Systematic Tracking and Exchanges in Procurement (STEP) system will be used to prepare, clear and update Procurement Plans and conduct all procurement transactions for the Project. This textual part along with the Procurement Plan tables in STEP constitute the Procurement Plan for the Project. The following conditions apply to all procurement activities in the Procurement Plan. The other elements of the Procurement Plan as required under paragraph 4.4 of the Procurement Regulations are set forth in STEP. The Bank’s Standard Procurement Documents: shall be used for all contracts subject to international competitive procurement and those contracts as specified in the Procurement Plan tables in STEP. National Procurement Arrangements: In accordance with paragraph 5.3 of the Procurement Regulations, when approaching the national market (as specified in the Procurement Plan tables in STEP), the country’s own procurement procedures may be used. When the Borrower uses its own national open competitive procurement arrangements as set forth in Décret No. 2016-641/PRN/PM du 1er décembre 2016, portant code des marchés publics et des délégations de service public, such arrangements shall be subject to paragraph 5.4 of the Procurement Regulations. When other national procurement arrangements other than national open competitive procurement arrangements are applied by the Borrower, such arrangements shall be subject to paragraph 5.5 of the Procurement Regulations. Leased Assets as specified under paragraph 5.10 of the Procurement Regulations: Leasing may be used for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables. Not applicable Procurement of Second Hand Goods as specified under paragraph 5.11 of the Procurement Regulations – is allowed for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables. Not Applicable Domestic preference as specified under paragraph 5.51 of the Procurement Regulations (Goods and Works). Goods: is not applicable for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables; Works: is not applicable for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables Other Relevant Procurement Information. RAS PROCUREMENT Western Africa : Sahel Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases PLAN General Information Country: Western Africa Bank’s Approval Date of the Original Procurement Plan: 2017-10-03 2019-09-05 Revised Plan Date(s): (comma delineated, leave blank if none) Project ID: P149526 GPN Date: Project Name: Sahel Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Loan / Credit No: IDA / 56670 Executing Agency(ies): Sahel Malaria and NTDs Project WORKS Bid Evaluation Activity Reference No. / Draft Bidding Loan / Credit Market Procurement Prequalification Estimated Actual Amount Process Draft Pre-qualification Prequalification Specific Procurement Bidding Documents Proposal Submission / Report and Description Component Review Type Method Document / Signed Contract Contract Completion No. Approach Process (Y/N) Amount (US$) (US$) Status Documents Evaluation Report Notice / Invitation as Issued Opening / Minutes Recommendation for Justification Award Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual GOODS Bid Evaluation Activity Reference No. / Draft Bidding Loan / Credit Market Procurement Prequalification Estimated Actual Amount Process Draft Pre-qualification Prequalification Specific Procurement Bidding Documents Proposal Submission / Report and Description Component Review Type Method Document / Signed Contract Contract Completion No. Approach Process (Y/N) Amount (US$) (US$) Status Documents Evaluation Report Notice / Invitation as Issued Opening / Minutes Recommendation for Justification Award Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Component 1: Improve GO-REF-1 / Acquisition de Under regional collaboration for médicaments (SP+AQ, CTA)- IDA / 56670 Prior Direct Selection Direct 8,839,985.00 0.00 Implementati 2016-08-25 2016-08-30 2016-10-25 2019-12-31 stronger results across CAMEG on participating countries GO-REF-2 / Achat-gestion- Component 2: Support distribution TDR, Under coordinated implementation médicaments, Kits pour prise IDA / 56670 Prior Direct Selection Direct 4,166,708.00 0.00 Implementati 2016-08-25 2016-08-30 2016-09-27 2019-12-31 of technical strategies and en charge MTN (trichiasis, on interventions éléphantiasis, hydrocèle)-PPM GO-REF-3 / Acquisition de Component 2: Support médicaments et matériels coordinated implementation médicaux supplémentaires IDA / 56670 Post Direct Selection Direct 256,250.00 320,218.69 Completed 2017-03-17 2017-04-07 2017-05-17 2017-07-31 of technical strategies and (Praziquantel, kits, tests, interventions etc.) Component 3: Strengthen GO-REF-4 / Acquisition de institutional capacity to Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Request for Bids Open - National 1,480,000.00 857,240.44 Completed 2016-12-02 2016-12-16 2017-01-15 2017-01-30 2017-03-30 2017-06-22 16 Véhicules coordinate and monitor Envelope implementation GO-REF-6 / Matériels Component 3: Strengthen informatiques et mobiliers institutional capacity to Single Stage - One bureau pour programmes IDA / 56670 Post Request for Bids Open - National 121,360.00 85,767.02 Completed 2017-09-17 2017-09-22 2017-10-22 2017-11-06 2018-01-04 2018-03-05 coordinate and monitor Envelope MTN & PNLP, 19 districts implementation sanitaires et 7 DRS GO-REF-8 / Fourniture et Component 2: Support pose d’incinérateurs avec coordinated implementation Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Request for Bids Open - National 485,440.00 288,801.05 Completed 2017-06-12 2017-06-17 2017-07-17 2017-08-01 2017-09-29 2018-01-05 accessoires pour 19 CSRef et of technical strategies and Envelope 57 CSCom interventions GO-REF-9 / Matériels Component 3: Strengthen informatiques et institutional capacity to Request for Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Limited 35,866.80 28,474.59 Completed 2017-01-28 2017-03-13 2017-04-02 équipements/mobiliers de coordinate and monitor Quotations Envelope bureau pour l’UCP implementation Page 1 Component 3: Strengthen GO-REF-10 / Groupe institutional capacity to Request for Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Limited 16,400.00 20,370.95 Completed 2017-11-10 2017-12-15 2018-01-14 électrogène pour l’UCP coordinate and monitor Quotations Envelope implementation GO-REF-11 / Component 3: Strengthen Acquisition/mise en service institutional capacity to Request for Single Stage - One logiciel comptabilité IDA / 56670 Post Limited 24,600.00 40,565.27 Completed 2017-09-22 2017-10-27 2017-12-11 coordinate and monitor Quotations Envelope TOM2PRO pour l’UCP et implementation formation utilisateurs GO-REF-12 / Equipements Component 3: Strengthen & matériels analyse et institutional capacity to Request for Single Stage - One traitements pour équipes IDA / 56670 Post Limited 40,361.98 44,715.73 Completed 2017-08-01 2017-09-05 2017-09-25 coordinate and monitor Quotations Envelope recherches dans le cadre du implementation Projet GO-REF-14 / Fourniture et Component 2: Support pose de 20 incinérateurs coordinated implementation Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Request for Bids Open - National 131,200.00 108,359.46 Completed 2017-08-18 2017-09-02 2017-10-02 2017-10-17 2017-12-16 2018-03-24 avec accessoires pour 5 of technical strategies and Envelope CSRef et 15 CSCom_Relance interventions Component 3: Strengthen GO-REF-13 / institutional capacity to Request for Single Stage - One Equipements/mobiliers de IDA / 56670 Post Limited 9,840.00 10,715.82 Completed 2017-04-01 2017-05-02 2017-05-22 coordinate and monitor Quotations Envelope bureau pour l'UCP_Relance implementation GO-REF-7 / Matériels et Component 2: Support équipements d’élimination coordinated implementation Single Stage - One déchets biomédicaux pour IDA / 56670 Post Request for Bids Open - National 78,720.00 83,606.49 Completed 2017-08-31 2017-09-15 2017-10-15 2017-10-30 2017-12-28 2018-03-22 of technical strategies and Envelope CSRef et CSCOM (brouettes, interventions pelles, gants, bottes, etc.) Component 3: Strengthen GO-REF-5 / Acquisition de institutional capacity to Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Request for Bids Open - National 68,552.00 77,294.30 Completed 2017-02-02 2017-02-07 2017-03-09 2017-03-24 2017-05-22 2017-08-14 19 motos tout terrain coordinate and monitor Envelope implementation GO-REF-16 / Acquisition de Component 2: Support TDR, de CTA, de coordinated implementation Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Request for Bids Open - National 1,516,000.00 671,283.19 Completed 2018-03-29 2018-04-13 2018-05-18 2018-06-02 2018-07-20 2018-11-17 praziquantel et de tests OV of technical strategies and Envelope 16 interventions GO-REF-17 / Acquisition de Component 3: Strengthen matériels informatiques pour institutional capacity to Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Request for Bids Open - National 116,000.00 0.00 Canceled 2018-03-20 2018-04-04 2018-05-04 2018-05-19 2018-06-30 2018-08-25 le CNIECS, DNP et l'Unité coordinate and monitor Envelope DPLM de la DNS implementation Component 3: Strengthen GO-REF-19 / Acquisition de institutional capacity to Request for Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Limited 4,000.00 1,901.48 Completed 2018-03-10 2018-05-05 2018-06-04 02 coffres forts pour l'UCP coordinate and monitor Quotations Envelope implementation Component 3: Strengthen GO-REF-18 / Acquisition institutional capacity to Request for Single Stage - One d'équipements informatiques IDA / 56670 Post Limited 20,000.00 18,611.67 Completed 2018-03-30 2018-05-14 2018-06-13 coordinate and monitor Quotations Envelope avec accessoires pour l'UCP implementation Component 3: Strengthen GO-REF-20 / Mobiliers et institutional capacity to Request for Single Stage - One équipements de bureau pour IDA / 56670 Post Limited 8,000.00 8,285.12 Signed 2018-05-07 2018-06-11 2018-07-01 coordinate and monitor Quotations Envelope l'UCP implementation Component 3: Strengthen GO-REF-21 / Étagères en institutional capacity to Request for Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Limited 2,000.00 1,972.42 Completed 2018-04-07 2018-05-06 2018-05-27 bois pour l'UCP (artisanales) coordinate and monitor Quotations Envelope implementation Page 2 GO-REF-22 / Acquisition de Component 3: Strengthen matériels informatiques et de institutional capacity to Request for Single Stage - One communication pour le IDA / 56670 Post Limited 35,000.00 36,374.05 Signed 2018-12-04 2018-12-18 2018-12-31 coordinate and monitor Quotations Envelope CNIECS, la DNP et l'Unité implementation DPLM de la DNS GO-REF 24 / Acquisition Component 2: Support de Gilets pour les Under coordinated implementation Single Stage - One superviseurs et les IDA / 56670 Post Request for Bids Open - National 50,000.00 0.00 Implementati 2019-03-18 2019-03-23 2019-04-22 2019-05-02 2019-06-06 2019-07-06 of technical strategies and Envelope distributeurs de la campagne on interventions CPS 2019 GO-REF 25 / Acquisition de matériels et Component 2: Support Under consommables médicaux pour coordinated implementation Single Stage - One IDA / 56670 Post Request for Bids Open - National 147,000.00 0.00 Implementati 2019-03-07 2019-03-22 2019-04-21 2019-05-01 2019-06-11 2019-07-11 les équipes de la campagne of technical strategies and Envelope on CPS 2019 dans le cadre du interventions Projet NON CONSULTING SERVICES Bid Evaluation Activity Reference No. / Draft Bidding Loan / Credit Market Procurement Prequalification Estimated Actual Amount Process Draft Pre-qualification Prequalification Specific Procurement Bidding Documents Proposal Submission / Report and Description Component Review Type Method Document / Signed Contract Contract Completion No. Approach Process (Y/N) Amount (US$) (US$) Status Documents Evaluation Report Notice / Invitation as Issued Opening / Minutes Recommendation for Justification Award Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Component 2: Support NC-REF 01 / Acquisition Under coordinated implementation Request for Single Stage - One de cartes de distribution IDA / 56670 Post Limited 35,000.00 0.00 Implementati 2019-04-04 2019-05-30 2019-06-29 of technical strategies and Quotations Envelope pour campagne CPS 2019 on interventions CONSULTING FIRMS Activity Reference No. / Combined Evaluation Loan / Credit Market Contract Type Estimated Actual Expression of Interest Short List and Draft Request for Proposals Opening of Technical Evaluation of Description Component Review Type Method Process Status Terms of Reference Report and Draft Signed Contract Contract Completion No. Approach Amount (US$) Amount (US$) Notice Request for Proposals as Issued Proposals / Minutes Technical Proposal Negotiated Contract Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Component 3: Strengthen CS-REF-1 / Elaboration du institutional capacity to Quality And Cost- IDA / 56670 Post Open - National 16,400.00 54,549.47 Completed 2017-02-07 2017-02-22 2017-03-23 2017-04-20 2017-05-05 2017-06-03 2017-06-24 2017-08-08 manuel du projet coordinate and monitor Based Selection implementation Component 3: Strengthen CS-REF-2 / Audit financier institutional capacity to Quality And Cost- et comptable des exercices IDA / 56670 Post Open - National 49,200.00 25,558.42 Signed 2016-12-09 2016-12-24 2017-01-22 2017-02-21 2017-03-08 2017-04-07 2017-05-12 2019-06-30 coordinate and monitor Based Selection 2016 à 2018 du projet implementation CS-REF-9 / Fourniture Component 3: Strengthen d'assistance technique aux institutional capacity to UN Agencies Under structures impliquées dans IDA / 56670 Prior Direct 2,000,000.00 0.00 2017-09-09 2019-12-31 coordinate and monitor (Direct) Implementation la lutte contre le palu et les implementation MTN-OMS CS-REF-7 / Prestations Component 2: Support Consultant d’agence(s) ou d'ONG pour le coordinated implementation Open - IDA / 56670 Post Qualification 260,514.00 0.00 Canceled 2017-09-03 2017-09-17 2017-10-12 2017-11-01 2017-12-06 2019-12-31 paiement des of technical strategies and International Selection ASC/relais/distributeurs interventions CS-REF-21 / Prestations d'ONG pour la mise en œuvre d'activités à base Component 2: Support communautaire et le Consultant coordinated implementation paiement des AS/Relais IDA / 56670 Post Qualification Open - National 148,000.00 144,615.04 Signed 2018-03-08 2018-03-29 2018-05-02 2018-06-01 2018-07-13 2019-12-31 of technical strategies and distributeurs des districts Selection interventions sanitaires couverts par le Projet dans les régions de Gao et Ménaka Page 3 CS-REF-22 / Prestations d'ONG pour la mise en œuvre d'activités à base Component 2: Support communautaire et le Consultant coordinated implementation paiement des ASC/Relais IDA / 56670 Post Qualification Open - National 246,000.00 423,041.26 Signed 2018-03-08 2018-03-29 2018-05-22 2018-06-21 2018-08-02 2019-12-31 of technical strategies and distributeurs des districts Selection interventions sanitaires couverts par le projet dans les régions de Tombouctou et Taoudénit CS-REF-23 / Prestations d'ONG pour la mise en œuvre d'activités à base Component 2: Support communautaire et le Consultant coordinated implementation paiement des ASC/Relais IDA / 56670 Post Qualification Open - National 99,000.00 149,202.16 Signed 2018-03-08 2018-03-29 2018-05-12 2018-06-11 2018-07-16 2019-12-31 of technical strategies and distributeurs du district Selection interventions sanitaire couvert par le Projet dans la région de Kidal (D.S. de Tin-Essako) CS-REF-25 / Formation en passation des marchés et en Component 3: Strengthen Consultant gestion financière des agents institutional capacity to IDA / 56670 Post Qualification Open - National 50,000.00 25,405.36 Signed 2018-05-14 2018-06-04 2018-07-18 2018-08-17 2018-09-28 2018-11-12 des structures impliquées coordinate and monitor Selection dans la mise en œuvre du implementation projet Component 3: Strengthen CS-REF 26 / Etude Consultant institutional capacity to d'impact environnemental des IDA / 56670 Post Qualification Open - National 91,000.00 0.00 Canceled 2019-03-26 2019-04-16 2019-05-10 2019-06-09 2019-07-14 2019-11-11 coordinate and monitor interventions du projet Selection implementation ML-PPMTNS-132905-CS- Component 3: Strengthen QCBS / Audit financier et institutional capacity to Quality And Cost- Pending comptable des exercices IDA / 56670 Post Open - National 50,000.00 0.00 2019-09-20 2019-10-10 2019-11-09 2019-12-09 2019-12-23 2020-02-10 2020-03-11 2021-06-30 coordinate and monitor Based Selection Implementation 2019, 2020 et de clôture du implementation Projet INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANTS Activity Reference No. / Invitation to Loan / Credit Market Contract Type Estimated Actual Draft Negotiated Description Component Review Type Method Process Status Terms of Reference Identified/Selected Signed Contract Contract Completion No. Approach Amount (US$) Amount (US$) Contract Consultant Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Component 3: Strengthen CS-REF-4 / Formation de institutional capacity to Pending courte durée d’un agent des IDA / 56670 Post Direct Selection Direct 4,100.00 0.00 2017-09-06 2017-09-16 2017-10-19 2017-11-18 coordinate and monitor Implementation programmes en entomologie implementation CS-REF-5 / Formation de Component 3: Strengthen courte durée de deux agents institutional capacity to IDA / 56670 Post Direct Selection Direct 8,200.00 6,034.63 Completed 2017-09-13 2017-09-23 2017-11-27 2018-05-26 des programmes en suivi coordinate and monitor programme implementation Component 3: Strengthen CS-REF-6 / Fourniture Individual institutional capacity to d'assistance technique à IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Direct 8,200.00 8,435.96 Completed 2017-01-17 2017-01-24 2017-01-31 2017-02-08 2017-02-18 coordinate and monitor l'UCP Selection implementation CS-REF-8 / Fourniture Component 3: Strengthen d'assistance technique à Individual institutional capacity to l'UCP et aux structures IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Direct 13,120.00 16,648.47 Completed 2017-07-21 2017-08-18 2017-08-28 2017-09-10 2017-11-09 coordinate and monitor impliquées dans la mise en Selection implementation œuvre du Projet Component 3: Strengthen Individual CS-REF-10 / Spécialiste en institutional capacity to Under IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Open 196,800.00 0.00 2016-04-01 2016-05-04 2016-05-25 2016-06-29 2019-12-31 gestion financière de l'UCP coordinate and monitor Implementation Selection implementation Page 4 Component 3: Strengthen Individual CS-REF-11 / Comptable de institutional capacity to Under IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Open 98,400.00 0.00 2016-06-01 2016-07-05 2016-07-19 2016-08-16 2019-12-31 l'UCP coordinate and monitor Implementation Selection implementation Component 3: Strengthen Individual CS-REF-12 / Coordinateur institutional capacity to Under IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Direct 236,160.00 0.00 2016-07-15 2016-07-25 2016-08-15 2016-09-19 2017-03-18 de l'UCP coordinate and monitor Implementation Selection implementation Component 3: Strengthen Individual CS-REF-13 / Spécialiste en institutional capacity to Under IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Open 196,800.00 0.00 2016-10-20 2016-11-18 2016-12-02 2016-12-26 2019-12-31 suivi & évaluation de l'UCP coordinate and monitor Implementation Selection implementation Component 3: Strengthen CS-REF-14 / Spécialiste en Individual institutional capacity to Under passation de marchés de IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Direct 196,800.00 0.00 2016-08-26 2016-09-05 2016-09-26 2016-10-31 2017-04-29 coordinate and monitor Implementation l'UCP Selection implementation CS-REF-16 / Assistance Component 3: Strengthen Individual technique dans le cadre de institutional capacity to IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Open 16,400.00 7,156.88 Completed 2017-10-19 2017-11-27 2017-12-18 2018-01-01 2018-04-01 la préparation du projet coordinate and monitor Selection REDISSE implementation Component 3: Strengthen Individual CS-REF-15 / Auditeur institutional capacity to IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Open 102,500.00 62,524.00 Signed 2017-11-06 2017-12-15 2018-01-05 2018-01-29 2019-12-31 interne senior coordinate and monitor Selection implementation CS-REF-3 / Audit interne Component 3: Strengthen du projet (extension institutional capacity to IDA / 56670 Post Direct Selection Direct 16,400.00 0.00 Canceled 2017-08-15 2017-08-25 2017-10-09 2019-12-31 prestations auditeur interne coordinate and monitor de la DFM/MSHP) implementation CS-REF-19 / Appui à Component 3: Strengthen l'évaluation interne/auto- institutional capacity to IDA / 56670 Post Direct Selection Direct 16,400.00 18,509.78 Completed 2017-11-06 2017-11-15 2017-11-28 2017-12-13 évaluation à mi-parcours du coordinate and monitor Projet implementation Component 3: Strengthen Individual CS-REF-20 / Chargé de institutional capacity to Under IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Open 59,000.00 0.00 2018-01-11 2018-03-01 2018-03-22 2018-04-26 2019-12-31 communication pour le Projet coordinate and monitor Implementation Selection implementation Component 3: Strengthen CS-REF-24 / Appui à la Individual institutional capacity to préparation du projet IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Direct 10,000.00 6,958.03 Signed 2018-04-09 2018-04-19 2018-04-29 2018-05-27 2018-11-23 coordinate and monitor REDISSE 3 Selection implementation CS-REF-18 / Prestations d'agence pour le paiement Component 2: Support des ASC/Relais/Distributeurs coordinated implementation IDA / 56670 Post Direct Selection Direct 387,616.46 0.00 Canceled 2017-10-23 2017-11-02 2018-01-06 2019-01-06 dans les régions de Mopti, of technical strategies and Tombouctou, Gao, Kidal et interventions Ménaka CS-REF-17 / Prestations Component 2: Support d'agence pour le paiement coordinated implementation des ASC/Relais/Distributeurs IDA / 56670 Post Direct Selection Direct 604,105.48 0.00 Canceled 2017-10-23 2017-11-02 2018-01-06 2019-01-06 of technical strategies and dans les régions de Kayes, interventions Koulikoro, Sikasso et Ségou Component 3: Strengthen CS-REF 28 / Spécialiste en Individual institutional capacity to Under sauvegarde environnementale IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Open 60,000.00 0.00 2019-02-20 2019-04-05 2019-04-26 2019-05-20 2020-12-31 coordinate and monitor Implementation pour le Projet Selection implementation Page 5 Component 3: Strengthen Individual CS-REF 29 / Coordinateur institutional capacity to Pending IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Limited 119,000.00 0.00 2019-03-31 2019-04-05 2019-04-26 2019-05-31 2020-12-31 UGP coordinate and monitor Implementation Selection implementation ML-PPMTNS-130093-CS- INDV / Audit environnemental et social Component 3: Strengthen Individual pour évaluer la conformité institutional capacity to Pending IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Open 91,000.00 0.00 2019-09-10 2019-10-14 2019-10-24 2019-11-21 2019-12-31 environnementale et sociale coordinate and monitor Implementation Selection des infrastructures et implementation équipements de gestion des déchets biomédicaux Component 3: Strengthen ML-PPMTNS-130516-CS- Individual institutional capacity to Pending INDV / Assistant comptable IDA / 56670 Post Consultant Limited 25,000.00 0.00 2019-09-16 2019-09-21 2019-10-12 2019-10-27 2020-12-31 coordinate and monitor Implementation UCP Selection implementation Page 6