SFG1171 V9 REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF WATER & IRRIGATION COAST WATER SERVICES BOARD (CWSB) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT REPORT FOR BARICHO IMMEDIATE WORKS-LOT 3: KAKUYUNI/GONGONI & KAKUYUNI/KILIFI INTERCONNECTION PIPELINES Works carried out under Contract No.: CWSB/WaSSIP-AF/C/25/2013 Report Prepared by: Zamconsult Consulting Engineers JUNE 2017 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 ESIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The Coast Water Services Board (CWSB) is a Parastatal (Government Owned and Autonomous) created under Water Act, 2002 and established through a Gazette Notice No. 1328 of 27 February 2004. CWSB (or the Board) is the agency charged with the responsibility for the effective and efficient provision of water and sanitation services within the Coast Province. The Board undertakes this by contracting Water Service Providers. CWSB as part of its mandate intends to improve bulk water supply to Kilifi and Gongoni Areas in Kilifi Sub-County and Magarini Sub-County respectively, by laying of a 56Km 500mm diameter pipeline from the tank at Kakuyuni to the Water Tanks at Kilifi, and the laying of a 36.36Km 400mm diameter pipeline from the tank at Kakuyuni to a proposed tank at Gongoni Market. The pipelines are shown in the figure below Figure: Kakuyuni Kilifi Pipeline route and Project Area Map (Google Maps Image) Both pipelines start at the Kakuyuni Tank at GPS co-ordinates (UTM 37) 609456E, 9644547S, with the Gongoni pipeline ending at GPS co-rdinates (UTM 37) 626040E and 9664389S, and the Kilifi pipeline ending at GPS co-ordinates (UTM37) 595086E and 9598949S. The project areas in particular Gongoni has been experiencing severe water shortages. Kilifi currently receives water from the Baricho Mombasa pipeline, however the new pipeline is dedicated to Kilifi with offtakes for the centres along the pipeline. Both pipelines will go a long way in alleviating water shortages along the pipeline routes. Zamconsult Consulting Engineers has been contracted to undertake the ESIA and RAP for the proposed pipelines as part of the WaSSIP AF projects with funding from the World Bank. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks i Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Study Methods The study approach and methodology adopted included screening and scoping to determine the extent of the project and desktop data search and analysis for the baseline bio-physical and social environmental parameters of the project area. In addition, the consultant worked with the project design group and was briefed and obtained design approaches to be used which informed the requirements of the environmental reporting process and for which excerpts have been obtained on salient design information. The Consultant engaged on multi-faceted public consultation process which included ad hoc roadside interviews, household social and environmental surveys using structured questionnaires duly analysed and key informant interviews to institutions and lead agencies. Based on these findings and expert judgement, the consultant has compiled the projected social and environmental impacts (positive and negative) likely to emanate from proposed project activities and also the Environmental and Social Monitoring and Management Plan (ESMMP) which details how adverse impacts will be reduced or eliminated and by whom. Legislative Framework for this Study The principal National legislation governing issues of environmental concern in Kenya is the Environmental Management & Coordination Amended Act (2015) typically referred to as EMCA. EMCA calls for Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) (under Section 58) to guide the implementation of environmentally sound decisions and empowers stakeholders to participate in sustainable management of the natural resources. Projects likely to cause environmental impacts require that an environmental impact assessment study to be carried out. It is under this provision that the current study has been undertaken. Other legislation adhered to during this study are the regulations borne of EMCA namely the Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations 2003; The Environmental Management Act, Coordination (Waste Management) Regulations 2006; the Environmental Management Coordination (Water Quality) Regulations 2006; and the Environmental Management and Coordination (Noise and Excessive vibration pollution Control) Regulations2009 (Legal Notice 61), Air quality Regulations 2009 among others. Sectoral legislation applicable to this Project include The Lands Act (2012), the National Land Commission (2012), the Wildlife Act Cap 376, The Public Health Act (CAP. 242), the forest act (2016) and the Physical Planning Act (Cap 286) among others. In addition to the local legislation, the Consultant identified the various World Bank operational policies relevant to the project. These are highlighted in Chapter 4 of this report. Expected impacts The expected impacts emanate from the Planning phase, the Construction Phase, The Operation phase and the De-commissioning Phase of the project. In general, successful implementation of the project will have high socioeconomic benefits to the people and will contribute to their health and well-being. Overall, negative expected impacts are related to the pipelines and associated infrastructure installation such as valve chambers, washouts and water storage tanks and replacement and expansion construction works and operations. These impacts are localized and not considered significant and long- lasting and can be mitigated through appropriate mitigation measures. The severity and duration of these impacts can be minimized by ensuring that the excavation and construction works are limited to short working sections, and that works are carried out rapidly and efficiently. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks ii Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 A significant Planning Phase impact is the land-take for construction. This is adverse, long- term and irreversible. The pipeline will be confined to a 4m reserve. Existing road reserves will be utilised as much as possible. A detailed Resettlement Action Plan has been prepared and approved for implementation by the client. Significant Construction Phase impacts are generally significant in magnitude and socially and environmentally adverse but are also reversible, short-term and largely manageable. Construction camp impacts include generation and inappropriate disposal of solid and liquid wastes, haphazard exploitation of natural resources in the surrounding areas e.g. trees for firewood, increased spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and HIV/AIDs and change of cultural norms from migrant workers. Construction work impacts include noise, dust, disruption of services like water supply, electricity supply and disruption of storm water facilities, loss of flora and fauna. Other detrimental construction phase impacts derive from extraction of materials in borrow and quarry sites and their subsequent haulage and stockpiling. Positive construction phase impacts include economic boost from injected construction money which is spent in the local environment for purchasing food and other supplies, rental accommodation and local travel. Also, there will be opportunity for skills transfer and skills acquisition. Operation phase impacts will largely be positive benefits accruing from operation of improved water supply and sanitation. These include less water-borne disease, reduced water costs and therefore reduced cost of living, improved access to water, improved comfort and regional prosperity. There will be overall improved quality of life due to multiplier benefits of improved service delivery. However, significant adverse impacts from operations include solid waste disposal from the facilities, increased risk of HIV/AIDS and STD infections since a development of an area inevitably comes with vices from migrant community. De-commissioning of the Project is not envisaged. Project components however will be rehabilitated over time having served their useful life. Environmental & Social Mitigation and management Plan (ESMMP) This was prepared to reduce, minimize or altogether eliminate the adverse impacts. Positive impacts are project enhancements and do not require mitigation. Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact Land acquisition for The pipelines will be laid within the Design/preparation CWSB laying of pipeline existing road reserves thus there will be no need for land acquisition. However there will be land acquisition for the Gongoni tank. Loss of structures Implementation of the RAP Design/preparation CWSB Loss of livelihoods Implementation of the RAP Design/preparation CWSB Traffic Congestion Road Signs and Notices of on-going Construction Contractor works; Supervising Plan itineraries for site traffic on a daily Engineer basis; The Contractor should effect traffic controls and cleanliness; Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks iii Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact Control of onsite traffic the Contractor has to ensure that they Site Related Oil Prepare and implement the company Construction Contractor Spills procedures for dealing with spills and Supervising leaks. Engineer In case of spillage the Contractor should isolate the source of oil spill and contain the spillage to the source of leakage Ensure that there is always a supply of absorbent material for spillages; All vehicles and equipment should be kept in good working order, serviced regularly in accordance to the manufacturers specifications The Contractor should assemble and clearly list the relevant emergency telephone contact numbers for staff, and brief staff on the required procedures. Soil Related Impacts The valuable top soil containing organic Construction Contractor material, nutrients as well as seeds and Supervising the soil fauna would be excavated Engineer separately and piled in an adequate manner for re-use. temporary drainage channels or holding ponds can be employed. After completion of the construction works, immediate restoration spreading piled top soil and by sowing adequate grass cover and planting of trees. Plan emergency response measures in case of accidental oil spills. Impact on water Ensure proper solid and liquid wastes Construction Contractor, resources disposal mainly from the contractor’s Supervising camps, sites and offices. Engineer Ensure proper measures are in place for Local WSP collection and disposal of spilled oils and lubricants. Sub-County Water Officer Socio – Economic Unskilled construction and skilled (if Construction Contractor, Impacts available) labor to be hired from the local Supervising population. Engineer Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks iv Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact Use of manual labor during trenching Local Chiefs works where possible. Sensitize workers and the surrounding community on awareness, prevention and management of HIV/AIDS. Use of existing clinics to provide VCT services to construction crew and provision of ARVs for vulnerable community members Enforce and maintain a code of conduct for his employees Air pollution Vehicles and other equipment emissions Construction Contractor would be kept to a minimum by servicing Supervising and maintaining the equipment to Engineer manufacturer’s specification. The Contractor should also make use of the readily available labour. Noise and Dust Avoid night time construction with loud Construction Contractor machinery when noise is loudest. Supervising No discretionary use of noisy machinery Engineer within 50 m of residential areas and near CWSB institutions such as schools Good maintenance and proper operation of construction machinery. Where possible, ensure non mechanized construction to reduce the use of machinery Loss of flora and Re-plant the indigenous vegetation as Construction Contractor fauna much as practical once work is Supervisor – completed. project Engineer to Spare the vegetation that must not consult necessarily be removed such as trees. KFS on appropriate Minimize the amount of destruction replanting caused by machinery by promoting non- seedlings mechanized methods of construction. Sub-County The Contractor should ensure that the Environmental employees on site are aware of the officer company procedures. Provision of dustbin and sanitation facilities within the Contractor’s camp. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks v Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact Public Health and Ensure that all construction machines and Construction Contractor Safety equipment are in good working Supervising conditions and to manufacturer’s Engineer specifications. CWSB Establish a Health and Safety Plan (HASP). Appoint a trained health and safety team. Provide workers with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Provide workers with adequate drinking water and breaks. Provide workers training on safety procedures and emergency. Water spray murram and earth roads. Work to minimize or altogether eliminate mosquito breeding sites. Provide appropriate human and solid waste disposal facilities Cordon off the trenches being worked on. Provide crossing points within trenches Provide clean toilets for workers. HIV and AIDS Sensitize workers and the surrounding Construction Contractor impacts communities on awareness, prevention Local and management of HIV/AIDS. Administration Use of existing clinics to provide VCT Public Health services to construction crew and Officer provision of ARVs for vulnerable community members Service Delivery Provide appropriate signage. Construction The Contractor Impacts The contractor should communicate any intended disruption of the services to enable the people to prepare. Areas being trenched to be temporarily cordoned off. In the event that delivery trucks damage parts of the road, repair the spots in consultation with the local authorities. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks vi Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact Gender Ensure equitable distribution of Construction The contractor empowerment employment opportunities between men The Supervising impacts and women Engineer Provide toilets and bathrooms. CWSB Cultural Heritage Use of “chance find” procedures by the Construction The Contractor contractor. County Government Child Labour and Ensure no children are employed on site Construction Contractor Protection in accordance with the law Supervising Ensure that any child sexual relations Engineer offenses among contractors' workers are Local promptly reported to the police Administration Gender Equity, The works contractor should be required, Construction Contractor Sexual Harassment under its contract, to prepare and enforce Supervising a No Sexual Harassment and Non- Engineer Discrimination Policy. Local The contractor should prepare and Administration implement a gender action plan, Liability for loss of Provision of PPE. Construction Contractor life, injury or damage The workers should receive requisite Supervising to private property training. Engineer There should be adequate warning and directional signs. Ensuring that the prepared code of conduct for staff. Develop a site safety action plan. Cordon off unsafe areas Provide first Aid kit within the construction site. Recording of all injuries that occur on site. Contractor to ensure compliance with the Workmen's Compensation Act. The Contractor to repair any damage done to private property. Generation of solid Provide adequate waste disposal Operation and Local WSP and liquid waste facilities. Maintenance Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks vii Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact Put in place adequate and efficient sanitary facilities. Come up with regular trash collection system. In the long term the respective WSPs should invest in a waste water collection and treatment system for Kilifi. Impact on Water Wastewater will be channeled to the Operation and Local WSP Resources sewerage system if available or Maintenance constructed septic tanks. Pit latrines can be used where sewerage system is not available or where construction of septic tank is not feasible. All solid waste will be collected from generation points, safely transported to the central place where it is sorted out by type and then safely disposed according to type. Socio-Economic A tariff system will have to be looked Operation and Local WSP Impacts into by making use of WASREB’s tariff Maintenance policy for providing sustainable and affordable water supply. Decommissioning of After Consultation with the local De-Commissioning Contractor Contractor’s Site administration and Client, identify the CWSB best use for the Contractor’s Camp Local Administration Conclusion The ESIA concludes that the project has a potential to improve both the social and economic aspects of the areas being affected. It will primarily bring about better distribution of water within the areas being served, which will be in line with the sustainable development goals of ensuring clean water and sanitation for all. It will also bring about employment during project implementation and supply sufficient potable water to meet projected future demands of domestic and other uses in the project area. In summary although the adverse impacts are present, the positive aspects outweighs them. The adverse impacts on the physical and natural environment will be “in sum total,” not significant, and can be handled through the recommended mitigation measures at a cost of K.Shs. 29,900,000.00. Compensation for demolition of structures and livelihood will be done through a detailed Resettlement Action Plan. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks viii Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................1-1 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT .............................................................................1-1 1.2 METHODOLOGY OF WORK ................................................................................ 1-2 1.2.1 Desktop Studies ................................................................................................ 1-2 1.2.2 Field Investigations ........................................................................................... 1-2 2 PROPOSED PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................2-1 2.1 LOCATION ................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 THE BACKGROUND OF PROPOSED PROJECT............................................................... 2-3 2.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................... 2-3 2.4 DESIGN COMPONENTS ............................................................................................... 2-4 2.4.1 Kakuyuni – Kilifi Pipeline ................................................................................ 2-5 2.4.2 Kakuyuni – Gongoni Pipeline ...........................................................................2-7 2.5 ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECT ...................................................................2-9 2.5.1 Kakuyuni – Kilifi ............................................................................................ 2-10 2.5.2 Kakuyuni – Gongoni ....................................................................................... 2-10 3 PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS OF AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC SURVEY .................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Kakuyuni Kilifi Pipeline ................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Kakuyuni – Gongoni Pipeline .........................................................................3-22 3.2 PHYSIOGRAPHIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ............................................. 3-41 3.2.1 Location ..........................................................................................................3-41 3.2.2 Climate ............................................................................................................3-41 3.2.3 Topography .....................................................................................................3-42 3.2.4 Biodiversity .....................................................................................................3-42 3.2.5 Geology and Soils ........................................................................................... 3-42 3.2.6 Hydrology and Drainage ................................................................................. 3-43 3.3 SOCIO ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE .......................................................................3-43 3.3.1 Administration ................................................................................................ 3-43 3.3.2 Transport .........................................................................................................3-43 3.3.3 Land Use and Economic Activities.................................................................3-44 3.3.4 Water Supply ..................................................................................................3-45 3.3.5 Power Supply ..................................................................................................3-46 4 RELEVANT LEGISLATIVE/ REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ................................ 4-1 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks ix Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 4.1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION (AMENDED) ACT OF 2015 4-1 4.2 THE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AMENDED ACT 2015 AND ITS TOOLS ..................................................................................................................................4-1 4.2.1 Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations 2003 .................. 4-2 4.2.2 Water Quality Regulations (2006) ....................................................................4-2 4.2.3 The Environmental Management and Coordination (waste management) Regulation, 2006 .............................................................................................................4-3 4.2.4 EMCA (Noise and Excessive Vibration Pollution Control) Regulations, 2009 .4- 3 4.2.5 Draft Environmental Management and Coordination (Air Quality) Regulations, 2009 4-4 4.3 WATER ACT 2016 .....................................................................................................4-4 4.4 THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACT (CAP. 242) ......................................................................4-5 4.5 THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA 2010 ........................................................................4-5 4.6 KENYA FOREST MANAGEMENT AND MANAGEMENT ACT, 2016 ............................... 4-5 4.7 THE WILDLIFE (CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT) ACT (CAP 376) ..................... 4-5 4.8 PHYSICAL PLANNING ACT (CAP 286) ........................................................................4-5 4.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT .............................................................. 4-6 4.10 THE HIV AND AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT ........................................4-6 4.11 NATIONAL GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY .................................................. 4-6 4.12 THE SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT, 2006 .......................................................................4-6 4.13 THE CHILDREN ACT, 2001 ..................................................................................... 4-7 4.14 THE COUNTY GOVERNMENTS ACT, 2012 .............................................................. 4-7 4.15 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ....................................................................4-7 4.15.1 Operational Policy (OP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment, 2001 .................... 4-7 4.15.2 Operational Policy 4.04: Natural Habitats, 2001 ..............................................4-7 4.15.3 The Bank's Operational Policy 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement ....................... 4-7 4.15.4 Operational Policy (OP/BP) 4.11: Physical Cultural Resources ...................... 4-8 4.15.5 World Bank Policy on Access to Information, 2010 ........................................4-8 4.16 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION AND WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY (EHS) GUIDELINES ...........................................................................4-9 5 CONSULTATIONS - PERSONS, AGENCIES & PUBLIC .........................................5-1 5.1 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.1 Government Policy on Public Consultation...................................................... 5-1 5.2 PERSONS OR AGENCIES CONSULTED .........................................................................5-1 5.2.1 Overview from the District Education officer, Kilifi North sub-county ..........5-2 5.2.2 Overview from the Sub-County Forester .......................................................... 5-2 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks x Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 5.3 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS........................................................................................... 5-3 5.3.1 Findings of the meetings ................................................................................... 5-4 6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .....6-1 6.1 IMPACT CATEGORIES.................................................................................................6-5 6.2 IMPACTS EMANATING FROM THE PROPOSED PROJECT ............................................... 6-5 6.2.1 Planning Phase Impacts .................................................................................... 6-6 6.2.2 Construction Phase Impacts ..............................................................................6-6 6.2.3 Impacts during Operation & Maintenance ...................................................... 6-14 6.2.4 Impacts during De-commissioning .................................................................6-16 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMMP) ................................................................................................................................ 7-1 7.1 POSSIBLE ENHANCEMENT MEASURES .......................................................................7-1 7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................ 7-1 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN .................................7-7 7.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS .......................................................................7-15 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION COST ESTIMATES ...........................................8-1 9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................... 9-1 10 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 10-1 11 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................. 11-1 11.1 ESIA HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE ....................................................................11-1 11.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION SUMMARY .....................................................................11-5 11.2.1 Public Consultation Minutes ...........................................................................11-5 11.2.2 Public Consultation Attendance Lists ........................................................... 11-16 11.2.3 Public Consultation Meeting Photos ............................................................... 11-1 11.3 “CHANCE FIND” PROCEDURES............................................................................. 11-7 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks xi Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 List of Tables Table 2-1: Water Demand for Kilifi Town .............................................................................2-6 Table 2-2: Kakuyuni Kilifi Pipeline Characteristics ............................................................... 2-7 Table 2-3: Schematic Map of the Proposed Kakuyuni - Gongoni Pipeline ............................ 2-8 Table 2-4: Water Demand for Gongoni Town and surrounding Areas ..................................2-8 Table 2-5: Kakuyuni Gongoni Pipeline Characteristics ......................................................... 2-9 Table 3-1: Mombasa – Malindi B8 road at Matsangoni along which the pipeline passes ...3-44 Table 4-1: Water Quality Standards ....................................................................................... 4-2 Table 4-2: Table showing Permissible Noise Level for a Construction Site .......................... 4-3 Table 5-1: Number of Attendees for each Public Consultation Meeting................................ 5-3 Table 7-1: The Proposed Environmental and Social Mitigation and Management Plan (ESMMP) ................................................................................................................................ 7-1 Table 7-2: Proposed Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan ..........................................7-9 Table 8-1: Cost Estimates for Environmental Mitigation ....................................................... 8-1 List of Figures Figure 2-1: Kakuyuni Kilifi Pipeline route and Project Area Map (Google Maps Image) ....2-1 Figure 2-2: Kakuyuni - Gongoni Pipeline Route and Project Area Map ................................ 2-3 Figure 2-3: Schematic of the proposed Pipeline .....................................................................2-6 Figure 2-4: Schematic Proposed by Mbuga Consultant in 2009 ..........................................2-11 Figure 3-1: Age of Population ................................................................................................ 3-1 Figure 3-2: Household Literacy Levels .................................................................................. 3-2 Figure 3-3: Religion of Population ......................................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3-4: Source of Energy..................................................................................................3-3 Figure 3-5: Household Socio-economic Activities .................................................................3-3 Figure 3-6: Main Sources of Income ...................................................................................... 3-4 Figure 3-7: Type of crops .......................................................................................................3-4 Figure 3-8: Main Livestock Owned ........................................................................................ 3-5 Figure 3-9: Type of Business Carried Out ..............................................................................3-6 Figure 3-10: Main Sources of Water for the Community ....................................................... 3-6 Figure 3-11: Ownership Status of Water Sources...................................................................3-7 Figure 3-12: Cost of 20 Litre Jerry can of Water....................................................................3-7 Figure 3-13: General Quality of Water ................................................................................... 3-8 Figure 3-14: Adequacy of Water Supply ................................................................................ 3-8 Figure 3-15: Frequency of Fetching Water .............................................................................3-9 Figure 3-16: Distance to Water Source ................................................................................... 3-9 Figure 3-17: Common Modes of Transporting Water .......................................................... 3-10 Figure 3-18: Challenges Faced in Transporting Water ......................................................... 3-10 Figure 3-19: Environmental Issues of Concern ....................................................................3-11 Figure 3-20: Environmental Conservative Initiatives ........................................................... 3-11 Figure 3-21: Implementers of the Environmental Conservation Initiatives ......................... 3-12 Figure 3-22: Effectiveness of the Environmental Conservation Initiatives .......................... 3-12 Figure 3-23: Prevalent Diseases in the Area .........................................................................3-13 Figure 3-24: Treatment Sought when ill ............................................................................... 3-13 Figure 3-25: Ownership Status of Health Facilities .............................................................. 3-14 Figure 3-26: Distance to Health Facilities ............................................................................3-14 Figure 3-27: Level of Awareness on HIV/AIDS ..................................................................3-15 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks xii Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-28: Source of Information on HIV/AIDS............................................................... 3-15 Figure 3-29: Households Affected by HIV/AIDS ................................................................ 3-16 Figure 3-30: Knowledge on Whether HIV/AIDS Can be prevented ....................................3-16 Figure 3-31: Respondents Who Know Where to go For Voluntary HIV/AIDS Testing......3-17 Figure 3-32: Common Waste Disposal Methods ..................................................................3-17 Figure 3-33: Respondents Who Have Toilets in Their Compound ......................................3-18 Figure 3-34: Types of Toilets Respondents Have in Their Compound ................................ 3-18 Figure 3-35: Public Awareness of the Intended Construction of the Pipeline ...................... 3-19 Figure 3-36: Perceived Impact of the Water Supply Project ................................................ 3-19 Figure 3-37: Positive Impact of the Proposed Project .......................................................... 3-20 Figure 3-38: Negative Impact of the Proposed Project ......................................................... 3-20 Figure 3-39: Mitigation Measures of Adverse Effects ......................................................... 3-21 Figure 3-40: Age of Population ............................................................................................ 3-22 Figure 3-41: Household Literacy Levels .............................................................................. 3-23 Figure 3-42: Religion of Population ..................................................................................... 3-23 Figure 3-43: Source of Energy.............................................................................................. 3-24 Figure 3-44: Household Socio-economic Activities ............................................................. 3-24 Figure 3-45: Average Household Income per Month ........................................................... 3-25 Figure 3-46: Main Livestock Owned .................................................................................... 3-25 Figure 3-47: Type of Business Carried Out ..........................................................................3-26 Figure 3-48: Main Sources of Water for the Community ..................................................... 3-26 Figure 3-49: Ownership Status of Water Resources ............................................................. 3-27 Figure 3-50: Percentage Population Paying for Water ......................................................... 3-27 Figure 3-51: Cost of 20 Litre Jerry can of Water..................................................................3-28 Figure 3-52: General Status of Water Quality ......................................................................3-28 Figure 3-53: Adequacy of Water Supply .............................................................................. 3-29 Figure 3-54: Frequency of Fetching Water ...........................................................................3-29 Figure 3-55: Distance to Water Source ................................................................................. 3-30 Figure 3-56: Common Modes of Transporting Water .......................................................... 3-30 Figure 3-57: Challenges Faced in Transporting Water ......................................................... 3-31 Figure 3-58: Environmental Issues of Concern ....................................................................3-31 Figure 3-59: Environmental Conservative Initiatives ........................................................... 3-32 Figure 3-60: Implementers of the Environmental Conservation Initiatives ......................... 3-32 Figure 3-61: Prevalent Diseases in the Area .........................................................................3-33 Figure 3-62: Treatment Sought when sick ............................................................................3-33 Figure 3-63: Ownership Status of Health Facilities .............................................................. 3-34 Figure 3-64: Distance to Health Facilities ............................................................................3-34 Figure 3-65: Source of Information on HIV/AIDS............................................................... 3-35 Figure 3-66: Household Members Affected by HIV/AIDS .................................................. 3-35 Figure 3-67: Knowledge on Whether HIV/AIDS Can Be Prevented ...................................3-36 Figure 3-68: Common Waste Disposal Methods ..................................................................3-36 Figure 3-69: Respondents Who Have Toilets in Their Compound ......................................3-37 Figure 3-70: Types of Toilets Respondents Have in Their Compound ................................ 3-37 Figure 3-71: Public Awareness of the Intended Construction of the Pipeline ...................... 3-38 Figure 3-72: Perceived Impact of the Water Supply Project ................................................ 3-38 Figure 3-73: Positive Impact of the Proposed Project .......................................................... 3-39 Figure 3-74: Negative Impact of the Proposed Project ......................................................... 3-39 Figure 3-75: Mitigation Measures for Adverse Impacts of the Project ................................ 3-40 Figure 3-76: Kilifi County Map (Google maps) & Administrative divisions ...................... 3-41 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks xiii Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 5-1: Persons met during the RAP study in planning the Proposed Water Supply Project .....................................................................................................................................5-1 Figure 5-2: Learning Institutions in the Area .........................................................................5-2 Figure 9-1: Table Showing a Sample Grievance Form ........................................................ 7-15 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks xiv Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome CBO Community Based Organization EMCA Environment Management Coordination ACT RAP Resettlement Action Plan EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment GoK Government of Kenya HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ID No. Identity Card Number KAPP Kenya Agricultural Productivity K.Shs. Kenya Shillings KFS Kenya Forestry Service KWS Kenya Wildlife Service MDG Millennium Development Goals CWSB Coast Water Services Board MWI Ministry of Water and Irrigation NEMA National Environment Management Authority NGO Non-Governmental Organization NMK National Museums of Kenya NPEP National Poverty Eradication Plan O&M Operation and Maintenance PEC Poverty Eradication Commission WSB Water Services Board WSP Water Services Provider WSS Water Supply and Sanitation Services m3 cubic metres RC RAP Committee GRC Grievance Redress Committee DN Nominal Diameter DI Ductile Iron STP Standard Temperature and Pressure Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks xv Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 1 INTRODUCTION The Coast Water Services Board (CWSB) is a Parastatal (Government Owned and Autonomous) created under Water Act, 2002 and established through a Gazette Notice No. 1328 of 27 February 2004. CWSB (or the Board) is the agency charged with the responsibility for the effective and efficient provision of water and sanitation services within the Coast Province. The Board undertakes this by contracting Water Service Providers. Seven Water Services Providers (WSPs) whose areas of jurisdiction correspond with the seven initial districts of Coast Province, namely, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilifi, Kwale, Taita and Taveta, Lamu and Tana River have been appointed by the Board to provide water and sanitation services in their respective jurisdictions. The WSPs are Mombasa Water and Sanitation Company (MOWASCO), Malindi Water and Sanitation Company (MAWASCO), Kilifi Water and Sanitation Company (KIMAWASCO), Kwale Water and Sanitation Company (KWAWASCO), Taita and Taveta Water and Sanitation Company (TAVEVO), Lamu Water and Sanitation Company (LAWASCO) and Tana River respectively. Unlike in other parts of the country, CWSB is also the water undertaker for the Coastal Bulk Water Supply System. Additionally, the Board is the asset holder of all public water and sanitation facilities within its area of jurisdiction. CWSB as part of its mandate intends to improve bulk water supply to Kilifi and Gongoni Areas in Kilifi Sub-County and Magarini Sub-County respectively. Both areas experience water shortage with Gongoni experiencing slightly more than Kilifi. Kilifi obtains its water from an offtake from the main Baricho Mombasa Pipeline as such experiences water fluctuations based on the demand of Mombasa. Gongoni and its environs is not served with a water pipeline, with locals making use of water from shallow wells and water bowsers. The quality of water in most cases is not adequate which leads to illnesses in the area. The proposed pipelines will provide residents of Kilifi, Gongoni and centres along the pipelines with dedicated clean water, which will go a long way in improving the quality of life of the residents. Both water supplies will source their water from the Kakuyuni Tank in Kilifi County. The Kakuyuni – Kilifi Pipeline will pass along the C103 road, turn into the E899 road from Kakuyuni to Gede and then join the B8 Mombasa – Malindi – Garsen Road and until it reaches Kilifi, the project intends to supply Kilifi and surrounding areas with dedicated water, since Kilifi currently relies on an off take of the Mombasa Pipeline. The Kakuyuni – Gongoni Pipeline will move along the C103 road, but will not turn at Gongoni, it will instead turn into E895 at Ganda Market and then join the B8 highway until it reaches Gongoni centre, where there will be a tank. All pipelines will be located within the road reserves of the respective roads. Further details about the project will be located in the following chapters. Zamconsult Consulting Engineers has been contracted to undertake the ESIA and RAP for the proposed pipelines as part of the WaSSIP projects with funding from the World Bank. 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT Objectives of the EIA carried out by Zamconsult Consulting engineers were;  To fulfil the legal requirements as outlined in section 58 to 69 of the Act and Regulation 7 of the EIA Regulations. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 1-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017  To obtain background biophysical information of the site, legal and regulatory issues associated with the project;  To assess and predict the potential Impacts during site preparation, construction and operational phases of the project;  To propose mitigation measures for the potential significant adverse environmental impacts and safety risks;  To assess the legal and regulatory framework governing the project;  To allow for public participation;  To lower project cost in the long term;  To prepare an Environmental and Social Management and Mitigation Plan  To prepare an environmental and social monitoring plan; and  To compile an EIA Project Report for submission to NEMA. 1.2 METHODOLOGY OF WORK The ESIA was carried out in a manner considered to be commensurate with the scale, technicality and sensitivity of the project. The chief stages in the process included proposal definition, screening, scoping, key informant & household consultations, impact assessment, mitigation, review, decision making and monitoring. To maintain high standards for this ESIA, recommendations have been inculcated into the project development process. This is meant to serve as a stepping-stone to consent from environmental regulators and financial backers and a management tool for use during project planning and execution. It will also help evade unnecessary impacts, delays and unanticipated costs. By use of a holistic approach, the consultant obtained the necessary baseline data and information on the key aspects of the ESIA study. The following two major data collection and analysis processes were applied to carry out the ESIA. 1.2.1 Desktop Studies This mainly involved;  Checklist that consists of a simple catalogue of environmental factors which are compared to the activities to be developed.  Early meetings with the Client to deliberate on the proposed project, keeping in mind the various sites and activity options under consideration;  Assembly and review of baseline data, maps, reports and any relevant information on the existing environmental and social conditions of the Project Area influenced by the proposed development;  Review of existing Legislation, Regulation and Policies relevant to the proposed Project;  Review of proposed Project Engineering Designs, previously carried out ESIA reports and Construction Inputs, including anticipated technical processes if any. 1.2.2 Field Investigations Activities implemented during field investigations involved;  Site visits to the Project Area and the neighbouring areas within the zone of influence of the project. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 1-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017  Photographing the significant aspects to aid in describing baseline environmental and social conditions of the Project area and its influence zone.  Acquisition of relevant documents from the authority such as Local government, licensing board which is within the Project influence zone. The main purpose of the field investigation was to verify information and data collected during the desktop study and earlier field investigation and collection of any new information that may assist in the assessment of impacts and design mitigation measures. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 1-3 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 2 PROPOSED PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 LOCATION The project pipelines are located in Kilifi County. The proposed pipelines are shown in the map below: Figure 2-1: Kakuyuni Kilifi Pipeline route and Project Area Map (Google Maps Image) Both pipelines start at the Kakuyuni Tank at GPS co-ordinates (UTM 37) 609456E, 9644547S, with the Gongoni pipeline ending at GPS co-rdinates (UTM 37) 626040E and 9664389S, and the Kilifi pipeline ending at GPS co-ordinates (UTM37) 595086E and 9598949S. This tank sources its water from the Baricho well field and water works as shown in the map below: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 2-2: Map of Baricho wellfield and water works in Relation to the Kakuyuni Tank The Kakuyuni – Kilifi Pipeline will pass along the C103 road, turn into the E899 road from Kakuyuni to Gede and then join the B8 Mombasa – Malindi – Garsen Road and until it reaches Kilifi. The B8 highway passes along the edge of Arabuko Sokoke Forest which is to the left of the highway if heading from Mombasa to Malindi, at around Mida, the Right Hand side of the road has the Mida Creek Mangrove forest which is shown on the map above. The pipeline will not affect either of the forests as it will pass within the road reserve. Both forests including the Mida creek form Biosphere Reserve identified by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), a cultural site. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 2-3: Kakuyuni - Gongoni Pipeline Route and Project Area Map The Kakuyuni – Gongoni Pipeline will move along the C103 road, but will not turn at Gongoni, it will instead turn into E895 at Ganda Market and then join the B8 highway until it reaches Gongoni centre, where there will be a tank. The pipeline will be located within the road reserves of the respective roads. 2.2 THE BACKGROUND OF PROPOSED PROJECT Kilifi Town is currently supplied by a 250 mm branch pipeline which starts at the Sokoke tank and by a 150 mm line which origins in Bomani. The Sokoke tank is fed by a 250 mm branch of the Sabaki pipeline. The Sabaki pipeline supplies Nguu Tatu Tank with water from the Baricho Wellfield, thus the water to kilifi offtakes from the pipeline. The proposed pipeline intends to offtake water from the Kakuyuni Tank and provide dedicated water supply to Kilifi Town and its environs. This will improve the water supply in the area. The Board also intends to build a new 5000m3 tank alongside the existing 1550m3tank at Birikani in Kilifi Town which will be rehabilitated. Gongoni on the other hand is not connected to the Baricho water supply as such the population in the area is in great need of water. The Board will also construct a 2500m3 tank in Gongoni. The source of water for the county is the Baricho wellfields located in Lango Baya Location which is currently under the jurisdiction of CWSB. The wellfields are also one of the water sources for Mombasa. 2.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT The objectives of the project are to provide the residents of Kilifi and Gongoni and the surrounding areas with water to an ultimate year of 2035. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-3 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 2.4 DESIGN COMPONENTS 2.4.1 Sources of water into the Kakuyuni Tank The existing Kakuyuni tank sources its water from the Baricho well field and water works located about 30Km from the Kakuyuni tank. The Baricho water works currently produces about 90,000 m³/day and supplies Mombasa (60,000m3/day), Malindi, Watamu, Kilifi and the surrounding areas (the other 30,000m3/day) with water. In addition works are on-going to increase the number of wells in the wellfield from eight to eleven with the addition of 3 new wells. An ESIA for those works is presented under a separate report. The new wells will augment the production by an additional 22,000 m³/day to meet the increased demand of providing water to Gongoni and additional areas in Kilifi. This water will be adequate to meet the needs of the existing areas as well as the proposed new additions served. In addition Mombasa is in the process of establishing additional sources of water which may reduce is demand on the Baricho water works. The water from the wellfield undergoes treatment at the Baricho water works, the water quality from the wellfield is summarised in the table below: Table 2-1: Water quality of upper and lower well fields** Parameter Unit Upper Wellfield Lower Wellfield Guide Value pH 7.52 7.7 6.5 – 8.5 Conductivity (E.C) µS/cm 572 608 2000 max Total Dissolved mg/l 366 384 1000 max Solids Alkalinity (CaCO3) mg/l 173 161 500 max Total Hardness mg/l 120 125 500 max (CaCO3) Calcium mg/l 18.4 20.2 150 max Magnesium mg/l 18 16.8 100 max Chloride mg/l 82.7 82.7 250max Fluoride mg/l 0.12 Not Determined 1.5 max Total Iron mg/l 0.05 0.07 Total Manganese mg/l <0.01 <0.01 0.5 Sulphate mg/l 50.2 53.2 Lead mg/l <0.01 <0.01 0.05 Copper mg/l <0.01 <0.01 0.05 Aluminium mg/l <0.02 <0.02 0.1 ** Water sampled and analysed in August 2014 during the project design stage Based on the water quality analysis, the water meets the local water quality standards shown in Table 4-1, with the water undergoing disinfection at the treatment works. Moreover, CWSB has a water quality monitoring program in place of the raw and treated water supplied for selected parameters (daily, monthly and quarterly). Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-4 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 PH Colour E.C TDS Turbidity Chloride Salinity T.Alkalinity T.Hardn Ca2+ Mg2+ Surce Units ess Hazen µs/cm mg/l NTU mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l B/Hole 3 7.8 7.5 624 312 0 59 97.35 154 92 93.6 5.76 B/Hole 4 8 7.5 647 323.5 0 65 107.25 152 94 28.4 5.76 B/Hole 7 7.8 2.5 788 394 0 87 143.55 156 110 36.5 4.8 B/Hole 8 7.8 2.5 650 325 0 59 97.35 136 94 35.6 1.44 Combined Raw Water 7.3 7.5 746 373 0 69 113.85 180 120 37.3 6.72 Treated Water 7.6 2.5 722 361 0 69 113.85 164 102 32.4 5.28 *** sampled in Nov 2016 Total Residual SOURCE OF SAMPLE Date sampled Coliforms E.coli chlorine Baricho W/supply at Kakuyuni Tank 3/8/2016 0 0 <0.1 Baricho W/supply Treated water 3/8/2016 0 0 <0.1 A hydrogeological study of the project area and the proposed works shows that the existing wells are situated around 50m from the Sabaki River which is one of the two major permanent rivers that make their way into the Indian Ocean, thus a high percentage of the abstracted water is bank filtrate from the river and there’s no risk of any over abstraction. In addition the wells are located in a paleochannel as such there is no risk of any land subsidence. 2.4.2 Kakuyuni – Kilifi Pipeline The proposed pipeline will be 56Km long and will start at the Kakuyuni tank and will end at the existing tank at Birikani in Kilifi Town as shown below. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-5 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 2-4: Schematic of the proposed Pipeline 1) Water Demand Population The proposed pipeline will supply the town of Kilifi and its environs with water up to the year 2035. The design population in the ultimate design year is 121,396 people. The water demand and corresponding populations are shown in the table below: Table 2-2: Water Demand for Kilifi Town Year 2015 Design Year 2035 Population (persons) Water Demand Population (persons) Water Demand (m3/d) (m3/d) 64,424 5,686 121,396 13,240 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-6 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 2) General Characteristics The proposed pipeline begins at the Kakuyuni tank at a mean elevation of 121.84masl and flow via gravity to the Kilifi Tank at an elevation of 39.48masl. The pipeline will be 500mm in diameter which will meet the water demands for Kilifi and its environs. The main pipeline characteristics are summarised in the table below: Table 2-3: Kakuyuni Kilifi Pipeline Characteristics No. Pipeline Section Length Pipeline Pressure STP (Km) Material Class 1 0+000 – 9+000 Km 9 DN 500 DI PN10 15bar 2 9+000 – 56+207 Km 47.207 DN 500 DI PN16 21bar Other additional features included in the design are:  8 T-pieces for future connections to adjacent communities  44 air vents  43 wash outs  19 sectional valves 3) Pipeline Route The proposed pipeline begins at Kakuyuni Tank along the C103 road at Kakuyuni Centre. From here, the line shall run on the left side of the road corridor to Kakuyuni village. At the market place of Kakuyuni village the pipeline shall turn into a southerly direction towards the village of Gede along the E899 road. On the first 100 m the pipeline will run on the left side of the road and then cross the road to the right hand side in order to avoid displacement of structures. It then crosses again to the left, then to the right until Gede Centre along the Mombasa – Malindi B8 road. At the Junction with the B8 highway, the pipeline turns right and continues along the right hand side of the B8 reserve and will cross the highway at Matsangoni Primary School. It then stays on the left hand side of the road reserve until the entrance to Kilifi town at the Kobil Petrol Station, and maintain the left hand side until it reaches the tank in Kilifi town. 2.4.3 Kakuyuni – Gongoni Pipeline This pipeline also starts at the Kakuyuni Tank towards Gongoni after the Sabaki River on the B8 highway on the way to Garsen as shown in the schematic below: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-7 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Table 2-4: Schematic Map of the Proposed Kakuyuni - Gongoni Pipeline 1) Water Demand Population The proposed pipeline will supply the town of Gongoni and its environs with water up to the year 2035. The design population in the ultimate design year is 225,199 people. The water demand and corresponding populations are shown in the table below: Table 2-5: Water Demand for Gongoni Town and surrounding Areas Year 2014 Design Year 2034 Population Water Demand (m3/d) Population (persons) Water Demand (m3/d) (persons) 103,250 4352 225,199 10,506 The surrounding areas to be supplied in addition to Gongoni include: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-8 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 a) Marereni/Fundisa b) Ngomeni c) Mambrui d) Marikebuni e) Bomani 2) General Characteristics The proposed pipeline begins at the Kakuyuni tank at a mean elevation of 121.84masl and flow via gravity to the Kilifi Tank at an elevation of 22.65masl. The pipeline will be 400mm in diameter which will meet the water demands for Gongoni and its environs. The main pipeline characteristics are summarised in the table below: Table 2-6: Kakuyuni Gongoni Pipeline Characteristics No. Pipeline Section Length Pipeline Pressure STP (Km) Material Class 1 0+000 – 17+950 Km 17.95 DN 400 DI PN10 15bar 2 17+950 – 36+360 18.41 DN 400 DI PN16 21bar Km Other additional features included in the design are:  3 T-pieces for future connections to adjacent communities and 4 T-pieces for future branches to adjacent villages  39 air vents  40 wash outs  15 sectional valves  Sabaki River crossing 3) Pipeline Route The proposed pipeline begins at Kakuyuni Tank along the C103 road at Kakuyuni Centre and runs along the left hand side of the road past Kakuyuni Village towards Ganda Shopping Centre. It then branches to along E894 towards the B8 Malindi – Garsen Highway just outside Malindi town. The line still maintains the left hand side along the B8 highway. The proposed pipeline then crosses the Sabaki River and will use the Sabaki Bridge for support and then proceeds to the proposed tank site at Gongoni Centre. 2.5 ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECT The current pipelines will source water from the Kakuyuni tank and transmit water to Kilifi and Gongoni areas, while serving towns along the way. During the design, there were considerations of offtaking water from existing infrastructure. This chapter looks into the alternatives considered for the project. These alternatives, include alternative offtake points for the water supply from an existing system for each of the pipelines. The alternatives considered were compared to the proposed design in terms of environmental impacts, engineering achievability and in meeting the mandate of the proposed works. The best options for meeting these requirements, was considered in this ESIA. The different alternatives for each of the pipelines is considered below. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-9 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 2.5.1 Kakuyuni – Kilifi 1) Replacing the Existing offtake from the Baricho – Mombasa Pipeline This alternative involves augmenting the existing offtake from the Baricho – Mombasa Pipeline (Sabaki), changing the existing 600mm diameter pipe to an 800mm diameter pipeline. This option was not considered due to the fact that the new line would result an increase in the Hydraulic Capacity, and have a negative effect on the water supply to Mombasa. This will not meet the mandate of the project as well as negatively impact an existing water supply. In addition, the new pipeline would not have a tank as a source of water, as such the best option is the use of the existing Kakuyuni Tank, to source the water. 2) Do Nothing Alternative The No Action Alternative is the future without the planned Project. This alternative involves the continued usage of the Sokoke – Kilifi pipeline which is experiencing several leakages currently in addition to the fact that the water is dedicated to Mombasa, making the supply to Kilifi dependent on the needs of Mombasa. This option ensures that Kilifi will not have access to adequate water supply even with its growing population. As such, the swelling population within this region will suffer in days to come with the already inadequate water supply. The advantage of a dedicated line to this region is that it aims at satisfying the water demand within the area during the project life. Minimal to no negative impacts are anticipated since the proposed project will improve the water supply into the affected regions hence people’s livelihoods and wellbeing. 2.5.2 Kakuyuni – Gongoni 1) Alternative Proposed by Mbuga Consultant A previous design was carried out in 2009 as shown in the schematic below: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-10 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 2-5: Schematic Proposed by Mbuga Consultant in 2009 This option was, however not feasible due to inadequate flow at the takeoff point to meet the water demands of Gongoni. Thus the engineering achievability of the project will not be met. 2) Do Nothing Alternative The No Action Alternative is the future without the planned Project. This option will lead to the continued suffering of the local residents who are making losses in form of time and money, looking for water. The do nothing alternative will in this case be disadvantageous to the rising population at Gongoni since they lack piped water and mainly depend on water bowsers to access water. Being a fast growing town, the population in the area keeps expanding due to urbanization implying that inadequacy of water will only serve to increase the cost of acquisition of water, regardless of the water quality hence may predispose people to waterborne diseases. On the other hand, the project will improve people’s livelihoods, businesses, lifestyles and wellbeing. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 2-11 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 3 PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS OF AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT This Section discusses the baseline situation in respect of climate, topography, air quality, soils and geology, hydrology, terrestrial ecology, and socio-economic structure as well as existing infrastructure and utilities such as water, sewerage, transportation network, electricity, air transport and telephone/telecommunications and solid waste management in the region of the proposed project. 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC SURVEY 3.1.1 Kakuyuni Kilifi Pipeline The socio-economic situation of the area was captured based on findings of a household survey carried out using a structured questionnaire. A sample group of 300 households was interviewed for purposes of the analysis. 1) Population dynamics and household characteristics The study established that 5-18 years was the dominant age group in the area as shown in Figure 4-1.This indicates that the youth are majority (29.5% and 33.2%). The youths should be involved and consulted in this project. There is an indication that there are strong and young people who could provide for the labour on the project that will affect them in the future. Figure 3-1: Age of Population Source: Survey Data Most of Kakuyuni - kilifi residents have attained basic education as indicated in figure 3- 1.There is need to advocate and encourage the residents to further their education. If larger percentage of the affected people would understand the importance of the project, it would be easier to explain to them of the benefits of the project. The 25% who haven’t attained any education level should have the details of the project explained to them, for them to be at par Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 with the rest of the population so as to avoid misunderstanding during the project construction. The household literacy levels are shown in the chart below: Figure 3-2: Household Literacy Levels Source: Survey Data Christianity is the dominant religion in this area as shown in figure 3-3 (81%), the rest of the population is Muslim. Figure 3-3: Religion of Population Source: Survey Data Firewood (56%) and charcoal (30%) are the most used sources of fuel as indicated in figure 3- 4. The commonly used sources of fuel imply the destruction of the environment ecosystem. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Afforestation and reforestation should be practiced and more environmental friendly fuels should be used. Sensitization on effects of destruction of the forest should be encouraged to the local community and other options given to avoid environmental destruction. Figure 3-4: Source of Energy Source: Survey data. 2) Socio-economic activities and land use patterns Agriculture is the main economic activity practiced other occupational activities are shown in the figure below. Figure 3-5: Household Socio-economic Activities Source: Survey data. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-3 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Most of the people earn below K.Shs. 15,000(40%) and K.Shs. 30,000 (35%) as indicated in figure 3-6 Figure 3-6: Main Sources of Income Source: Survey data. Maize is the major crop planted by the residents as shown in figure (45%) There is a need to diversify the crops being planted in order to have a variety of nutritious food crops. Diversification would also help in crop rotation and reduce the plants being affected by diseases and nutrients decrease due to mono cropping. Figure 3-7: Type of crops Source: Survey data. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-4 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Goats (60%) are the main livestock kept by the residents as indicated in figure 3-7; industries could be built to make products from the animals’ raw materials and create employment. Training on how to rear livestock should be conducted so as to rear the high breeds and maximize on production. Figure 3-8: Main Livestock Owned Source: Survey data. The type of businesses owned mostly by residents are shops (34.9%) and motorbikes taxis (24.8%) as indicated in figure 3-9. The residents should be given new ideas so as to diversify and reduce competition so as to maximise on sales and profits. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-5 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-9: Type of Business Carried Out Source: Survey data. 3) Water supply Private and public water are the main sources of water in the area constituting 86%. However majority of the water is drawn from private taps as shown in the figure below. Figure 3-10: Main Sources of Water for the Community Source: Survey data. The ownership of the water sources is indicated in the chart below: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-6 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-11: Ownership Status of Water Sources Source: Survey data. The cost of water varies from Ksh.5 to above Ksh.20 depending on the ownership status 83% of the population pay for water. Figure 3-12: Cost of 20 Litre Jerry can of Water Source: Survey data. The water quality is generally good. 52% of the residences view the water quality as fair, 30% as good and 18% as bad. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-7 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-13: General Quality of Water Source: Survey data. In most cases the existing water supply is inadequate in meeting the needs of all the people. 73% of the population felt that the water being currently provided wasn’t adequate whereas the remaining 27% were being adequately supplied. Figure 3-14: Adequacy of Water Supply Source: Survey data. 75% of the population fetch water every day of the week while the remaining 25% fetch every alternate day of the week. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-8 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-15: Frequency of Fetching Water Source: Survey data. 32% of the population walks for less than 0.2 km to the water fetching points; 56% walks for 0.2-1 km, 8% walks for 1-2km while 2% walk for more than 2 km to the water source. Figure 3-16: Distance to Water Source Source: Survey data. The common mode of transporting water is by carrying on the head which accounts for 64% of the population while carrying on hand driven carts/wheelbarrow accounts for 23%. Use of bodaboda (bicycle, motorbike) accounts for 14%. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-9 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-17: Common Modes of Transporting Water Source: Survey data. The common challenges faced in transporting water include loss of time 60% and physical fatigue due to long distances travelled to get to the water sources 40%. Figure 3-18: Challenges Faced in Transporting Water Source: Survey data. 4) Environmental situation The environmental concerns in the area include water shortage, invasive species, extinction of endangered species, mosquitos and malaria spread, overgrazing, deforestation, drought, solid wastes, and others (mosquitoes and malaria spread) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-10 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-19: Environmental Issues of Concern Source: Survey data. There are a number of environmental conservation initiatives in the area such as tree planting, educating the public on environmental conservation and clearing of mosquito breeding sites, collection of solid wastes, others (burning waste, sweeping compounds and clearing bushes). Figure 3-20: Environmental Conservative Initiatives Source: Survey data. These activities are carried out by youth groups, women groups, NGOs, CBOs, individuals and work for food program and others (young boys at home, volunteers) as shown in the figure below: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-11 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-21: Implementers of the Environmental Conservation Initiatives Source: Survey data. 87% of the population feel that the project will help conserve the environment while 13% feel that it will not. Figure 3-22: Effectiveness of the Environmental Conservation Initiatives Source: Survey data. 5) Health status The prevalent diseases in the area are malaria, diarrhea, eye problems, skin rashes, cholera and respiratory infection as shown in the figure below. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-12 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-23: Prevalent Diseases in the Area Source: Survey data. Most of the respondents when sick seek medical attention from a health centre. Figure 3-24: Treatment Sought when ill Source: Survey data. The health facilities where the people in the area seek help are mainly government health centres. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-13 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-25: Ownership Status of Health Facilities Source: Survey data. 32% of the respondents walk for 1-3km to the health facilities, 15% walk for 3-5 km, 24% for more than 5 km, while 28% walk for less than 1km. Figure 3-26: Distance to Health Facilities Source: Survey data. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-14 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 The level of HIV/AIDS awareness is high. 88% of the population are aware of HIV/AIDS. Figure 3-27: Level of Awareness on HIV/AIDS Source: Survey data. Information about HIV/AIDS is mainly got from the media, family members and friends, health workers and the newspapers as shown in the figure below. Figure 3-28: Source of Information on HIV/AIDS Source: Survey data. 16% of the respondents have been affected by the disease whereas 84% hadn’t been affected by Aids. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-15 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-29: Households Affected by HIV/AIDS Source: Survey data. 80% of the respondents feel that HIV/AIDS can be prevented while 7% says it cannot be prevented. 14% of the respondents have no idea if it can be prevented. Figure 3-30: Knowledge on Whether HIV/AIDS Can be prevented Source: Survey data. 86% of the respondents know where to go for voluntary counselling and testing for HIV/AIDS, while 14% do not. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-16 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-31: Respondents Who Know Where to go For Voluntary HIV/AIDS Testing Source: Survey data. 6) Waste management The methods used by the population to dispose refuse are by burning, burying/using a compost pit, recycling, dumping in open areas, and collection by the county council as shown in the chart below. Figure 3-32: Common Waste Disposal Methods Source: Survey data. 81% of households in the project area are have toilets. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-17 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-33: Respondents Who Have Toilets in Their Compound Source: Survey data. 74% of the population in the project area use pit latrines while the remaining 26% use the flush system with septic tanks. Figure 3-34: Types of Toilets Respondents Have in Their Compound Source: Survey data. 7) The Coast Water Service board pipeline water supply A fair percentage of the residents are aware of the intended construction of the pipeline as shown in the figure below: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-18 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-35: Public Awareness of the Intended Construction of the Pipeline Source: Survey data. 67% of the respondents perceived that the construction of the pipeline will bring positive impacts while 33% perceived that it will bring about adverse impacts. Figure 3-36: Perceived Impact of the Water Supply Project Source: Survey data. The positive impacts expected include reduced time and cost of travel to look for water, alleviate water shortages, improved hygiene, reduced cases of waterborne diseases, improved businesses, growth of town with the water supply, reduced livestock deaths and diseases, and employment for the youth as shown in the figure below.\ Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-19 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-37: Positive Impact of the Proposed Project Source: Survey data. The negative impacts expected include loss of land/trees/crops, demolition of structures, interruption of services (electricity, water, transport) and soil erosion. Figure 3-38: Negative Impact of the Proposed Project Source: Survey data. To mitigate the negative impacts the respondents feel that there is need to inform the public on any interruption of services, need to educate the public and the construction crew on health and safety, compensate the structure/land/crops/tree owners, avoid night time construction and install storm water drains. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-20 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-39: Mitigation Measures of Adverse Effects Source: Survey data. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-21 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 3.1.2 Kakuyuni – Gongoni Pipeline The socio-economic situation of the area was captured based on findings of a household survey carried out using a structured questionnaire. A sample group of 300 households was interviewed for purposes of the analysis. 1) Population dynamics and household characteristics The average household size is 9 people with a maximum recorded size of 31 people. The findings indicate that the age brackets of 5-18 and 19-35 comprise the bulk of the population. Figure 3-40 defines the population age brackets. Figure 3-40: Age of Population Source: Survey data. The following is the summary of the literacy levels:- Primary level 56%, Secondary level 17%, college /university 3% and no education at all 24%. Therefore 76% of the population are able to read and write. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-22 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-41: Household Literacy Levels Source: Survey data. Christianity is the principal religion in the area with 82% of the population falling under that category. Traditionalism is the religion whose prevalence is lowest at 4% of the population. Figure 3-42: Religion of Population Source: Survey data. 89% of the population depend on firewood for fuel hence making it the primary source of fuel. 8% depend on charcoal while a meagre 1% depend on gas making it the least suitable source of fuel in the area. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-23 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-43: Source of Energy Source: Survey data. 2) Socio-economic activities and land use patterns Crop farming and livestock rearing at 52% and 22% respectively are the main sources of livelihood in the affected area. While 14% of the population depend on business for survival, only 10% of the population depend on employment for survival. Figure 3-44: Household Socio-economic Activities Source: Survey data. The greater part of the population that is employed either formally or informally receive less than 15,000 shillings per month. On the other hand, only a paltry 4% receive over 30,000 shillings as their monthly income. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-24 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-45: Average Household Income per Month Source: Survey data. 22% of the households own livestock. The core livestock reared are goats, at 61% and cattle at 27%. Sheep are the least popular livestock as only about 1% of the households own sheep. Figure 3-46: Main Livestock Owned Source: Survey data. The households conducting business constitutes 15% of the total population. The motorcycle taxi business is the most popular in the region, closely followed by shopkeeping at 30% and 29% respectively. The Jua Kali sector is an indispensable source of livelihood comprising 20% of the total businesses being carried out in the area. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-25 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-47: Type of Business Carried Out Source: Survey data. 3) Water supply Public water provided by the water service provider and CWSB is the main source of water in the area constituting 41%. This water is mainly drawn from public taps. Figure 3-48: Main Sources of Water for the Community Source: Survey data. Most of the water providing companies are either privately owned or publicly owned, with 63% owned by the public and 29% owned by the private sector and. NGO’s and faith based institutions only own 7% and 1% respectively. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-26 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-49: Ownership Status of Water Resources Source: Survey data. 67% of the population purchases water while only a mere 33% of the population does not purchase the resource. Figure 3-50: Percentage Population Paying for Water Source: Survey data. The cost of water varies depending on the ownership of the water. Others in this case includes any amount above 10 shillings. The bulk of the population in the project area pay K.shs. 2 for a 20lt jerry can. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-27 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-51: Cost of 20 Litre Jerry can of Water Source: Survey data. The water quality is generally good. 59 % of the residents view the water quality as good while the remainder views it as fair. Figure 3-52: General Status of Water Quality Source: Survey data. Although 61% of the population feel that the water being provided is adequate, a whole 39% feel that it is inadequate. This means that there is need to expand the existing supply in order to meet the needs of the entire population. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-28 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-53: Adequacy of Water Supply Source: Survey data. Save for 1%, the entire population fetches water every day of the week while the remainder does it on alternate days of the week. Figure 3-54: Frequency of Fetching Water Source: Survey data. 38% of the population walks for less than 0.2 km to the water fetching points; 47% walks for 0.2-1 km, 13% walks for 1-2km while 2% walk for more than 2 km to the water source. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-29 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-55: Distance to Water Source Source: Survey data. Water is commonly transported via carrying on the head whereby 75% of the population apply that means. 12% of the population uses the motorcycle for water transportation while 9% transport it via animal driven carts. The hand driven carts comprise of 3% of the mode of water transportation while pack animals i.e. the donkeys and camels comprise of only 1%. Figure 3-56: Common Modes of Transporting Water Source: Survey data. The common challenges faced in transporting water include loss of time 65% and physical fatigue due to long distances travelled to get to the water sources at 35%. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-30 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-57: Challenges Faced in Transporting Water Source: Survey data. 4) Environmental situation The key environmental concerns in the area include water shortage, extinction of endangered species, mosquitos and malaria spread, overgrazing, deforestation, drought and solid wastes as shown in the figure below. Figure 3-58: Environmental Issues of Concern Source: Survey data. There are a number of environmental conservation initiatives in the area such as tree planting, educating the public on environmental conservation and clearing of mosquito breeding sites as well as collection of solid wastes. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-31 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-59: Environmental Conservative Initiatives Source: Survey data. These activities are carried out by youth groups, community based organizations, non- governmental organisations, the county council, women groups, not forgetting individual volunteers. Figure 3-60: Implementers of the Environmental Conservation Initiatives Source: Survey data. 100% of the population feel that the project will help conserve the environment. 5) Health status The prevalent diseases in the area are malaria, diarrhea, eye infection, skin rashes cholera and respiratory infection. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-32 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-61: Prevalent Diseases in the Area Source: Survey data. Most of the respondents when sick seek medical attention or buy drugs from the health centre. The 4% who don’t either seek prayers or the attention of a traditional doctor. Figure 3-62: Treatment Sought when sick Source: Survey data. The health facilities where the people in the area seek help are mainly government health centres. 9% of the health facilities are privately owned while 8% are faith based health facilities. Only 1 % of the population depend on traditional sources of healthcare. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-33 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-63: Ownership Status of Health Facilities Source: Survey data. 62% of the respondents walk for 1-3km to the health facilities, 6% walk for 3-5 km, while 32% walk for less than 1km. Figure 3-64: Distance to Health Facilities Source: Survey data. The level of HIV/AIDS awareness is high. 100% of the population are aware of HIV/AIDS and information about HIV/AIDS is mainly got from the media, family members and friends, health workers and religious leaders as shown in the figure below. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-34 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-65: Source of Information on HIV/AIDS Source: Survey data. 6% of the respondents have been affected by the disease whereas 94% hasn’t been affected by Aids. Figure 3-66: Household Members Affected by HIV/AIDS Source: Survey data. 99% of the respondents feel that HIV/AIDS can be prevented while 1% either don’t know, or believe that it can’t be prevented. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-35 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-67: Knowledge on Whether HIV/AIDS Can Be Prevented Source: Survey data. 100% the respondents know where to go for voluntary counselling and testing for HIV/AIDS. 6) Waste management The methods used by the population to dispose refuse are by burying/use compost pit, burning, dumping in open areas, and collection by the county council as shown in the figure below. Figure 3-68: Common Waste Disposal Methods Source: Survey data. There is an equal portion on the population that do and don’t have toilets as that which has the facility. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-36 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-69: Respondents Who Have Toilets in Their Compound Source: Survey data. 57% of the population with toilets apply the use of a pit latrine while 22% use flush system with septic tanks. Only 21% use the flush system connected to the sewer line. Figure 3-70: Types of Toilets Respondents Have in Their Compound Source: Survey data. 7) The Coast Water Service board pipeline water supply Most of the residents are aware of the intended construction of the pipeline as a paltry 5% were not aware. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-37 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-71: Public Awareness of the Intended Construction of the Pipeline Source: Survey data. 83% of the respondents perceived that the construction of the pipeline will bring positive impacts while 17% percent perceived that it will bring about adverse impacts. Figure 3-72: Perceived Impact of the Water Supply Project Source: Survey data. The positive impacts expected include reduced time and cost of travel to look for water, alleviate water shortages, improved hygiene, reduced cases of waterborne diseases, improved businesses, growth of town with the water supply, reduced livestock deaths and diseases, and employment for the youth. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-38 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-73: Positive Impact of the Proposed Project Source: Survey data. The negative impacts expected include loss of land/trees/crops, demolition of structures, interruption of services(electricity, water, transport), reduced water for downstream users, soil erosion, dust and noise and spread of diseases (STD, HIV/AIDS). Figure 3-74: Negative Impact of the Proposed Project Source: Survey data. In order to mitigate the negative impacts, the respondents feel that compensation of all affected items such as structures and crops is the principal thing that should be carried out. Other minor portions of the population feel that night time construction should be avoided and the public awareness should be done on the proposed project as well as the interruption of services. 5% of the respondents feel that there should be the installation of storm water drains. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-39 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Figure 3-75: Mitigation Measures for Adverse Impacts of the Project Source: Survey data. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-40 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 3.2 PHYSIOGRAPHIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 3.2.1 Location Kilifi County is one of the six counties in Coast region. It is situated in the southeast of the Coast region. It lies between latitudes 2°18’ and 4°2' south of the equator and longitudes 39°5' and 40°15’ east. The County borders Tana River County to the North, Taita-Taveta County to the West, Kwale County to the South-West, Mombasa County to the South, and Indian Ocean to the East. The County covers an area of 12,245.90 km2 (4,728.17 sq m. Figure 3-76: Kilifi County Map (Google maps) & Administrative divisions The Kakuyuni Kilifi pipeline starts in Malindi Sub-County and then ends in Kilifi town in Kilifi Sub-County. The Kakuyuni – Gongoni Pipeline also starts in Malindi Sub-County and ends in Gongoni in Magarini Sub-County. 3.2.2 Climate The pattern of rainfall in the project area is bimodal. The long rains fall from April to June, with a peak in May. The county receives an average annual rainfall ranging from 300mm in the hinterland to 1,300mm at the coastal belt. The average annual rainfall at the coastal belt ranges between 900mm and 1100mm with notable decrease in intensity to the hinterland. The north of the coastal strip along the Arabuko Sokoke Forest is one of the areas that receive the highest rainfall. The area is flat in general leading to floods especially within the heavy rainy seasons. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-41 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 The project area experiences the highest evaporation rates during the months of January to March. The annual temperatures experienced in the project area range between 21oC and 30oC in the Coastal belt, and between 30oC and 34oC in the hinterland. The area also receives relatively low wind speeds ranging between 4.8 km/hr and 12 km/hr. 3.2.3 Topography The project area has three major topographical features with marked geological and rainfall characteristics which dictate the resource potential and land use patterns. These are the Coastal Plain, the Foot Plateau and the Coastal Range. The Coastal Plain is a narrow belt, varying in width between 3 km and 20 km. It lies below 30 m above sea level. The zone is composed of Triassic sediments of marine and deltaic origin, and includes coral limestone, marble, clay stones and other alluvial deposits. It yields deep soils favourable to agriculture. The Foot Plateau is located to the west of the Coastal Plain. The terrain is slightly undulating; its elevations vary between 60 m and 135 m in altitude. The plateau is characterised by a seaward-sloping pine plain. Under the dry water courses at the surface lie Jurassic sediments consisting of shell sandstone and impervious clays. The soils support grassland and stunted vegetation and are highly prone to erosion. The Coastal Range Zone features a distinct range of sandstone hills, which are about 150 m to 420 m high. This zone has good rainfall rates and fertile soils, and therefore provides some of the best farming areas in the district. This hinterland forms the rangelands. 3.2.4 Biodiversity The project area is located within the coastal belt region of the Kenyan Coast. The general flora and fauna found in this area include coconut and palm trees, cashew nuts, cassava and mango trees. The area is also home to various animals including elephants, snakes, butterflies and birds. The County and project (Kakuyuni – Kilifi pipeline) passes along the outer boundary of the renowned Arabuko Sokoke forest which is has a rich biodiversity, and is home to flora and fauna unique to coastal forests. It is considered the second most important area for bird conservation after the Congo rainforest. It is home to 230 bird species. 52 mammal species have been recorded in the forest including 150 elephants. There are also 250 butterfly species. The major tree species within the forest include; Brachistegia, Arborea and the Neem tree. Of additional interest to the project, is the Mida Creek which is located across from the pipeline along the Mombasa – Malindi B8 highway. The creek is home to a mangrove forest which is home to several fish, birds and crabs, the area also provides a site for fish to lay their eggs. The project will not affect the cutting of trees within each of the forest reserves, however due to the road reserve’s proximity to the road reserve there is the growth of indigenous trees within the road reserve which will have to be cleared. In addition, some construction activities may negatively affect the forests and as such environmental mitigation measures will have to be put in place to ensure the safety of the biodiversity. 3.2.5 Geology and Soils The soils in the project area include sedimentary rocks of venue types, such as consolidated sand, silts, clays and limestone. Most of the soil formations along the coast are of coral origin. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-42 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 The sediments found in the project area were deposited throughout three geological eras Jurassic, Tertiary, and the Quaternary. Each of these units has several formations. 3.2.6 Hydrology and Drainage The drainage pattern for the project area is characterized by seasonal rivers, which drain into the Indian Ocean. The only major river which flows through the area is the Sabaki (Galana) River which also drains into the Indian Ocean. 3.3 SOCIO ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE 3.3.1 Administration The Kakuyuni - Kilifi Pipeline passes through the following locations  Kilifi Township  Tezo  Ngerenya  Roca  Matsangoni  Gede  Goshi Whereas the Kakuyuni – Gongoni passes through the following locations:  Goshi  Ganda  Malindi Township (Sabaki)  Magarini 3.3.2 Transport Being a Coastal region, the project area is generally flat with occasional changes in the topography. The B8, Mombasa-Malindi highway is the main mode of transport within the county, with an underdeveloped road network towards the interiors. The availability of the Malindi national Airport has improved accessibility to Malindi and promoted tourism in the area. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-43 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Table 3-1: Mombasa – Malindi B8 road at Matsangoni along which the pipeline passes 3.3.3 Land Use and Economic Activities More than half the land in Kilifi County is arable. Despite this, only an estimated 31% of these farmers hold titles to their land. The main subsistence crops grown in the county are maize and cassava. The key cash crops on the other hand include coconuts, cashew nuts, sisal and fruits such as pineapples and mangoes. The Arabuko-Sokoke Forest within the County is protected as a national Forest Reserve. It is approximately 420 km2 and to the north western edge of the forest is the Arabuko-Sokoke National Park, which is only a few kilometres in size. It consists of three ecosystems: mixed forest, Brachystegia (tropical timber) forest and Gynometra forest. The forest was first gazetted in the 1960s, while the park in the late 1980s. The forest is threatened by the desire for land by the local people. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-44 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Maize and Coconuts grown in the low land areas Indigenous tree species in the Arabuko Sokoke Forest Mangrove Swamp in Mida Creek 3.3.4 Water Supply Kilifi is currently served by an offtake from the Baricho – Mombasa Pipeline at Sokoke. This pipeline provides water to the Kilifi Tank located near the Kilifi Hospital. Water is then distributed to residents via a distribution network. Since the supply is an offtake from the Baricho – Mombasa Pipeline, priority is given to Mombasa, as such Kilifi often suffers water shortages due to lack of adequate water. Gongoni on the other hand does not have a water supply with residents making use of shallow wells and water bowsers to get water. Kilifi receives its water from the Baricho wellfield, where water is drilled from wells located near the Sabaki River, and treated at the water treatment works nearby. The treatment works is designed to meet the NEMA water quality standards. In order to meet the increased water demand by these new supply areas, 3 new wells are being drilled at the Baricho Wellfield and the treatment works capacity improved. A separate ESIA has been carried out to meet these requirements. Majority of the residents by water from the public sources in jerry cans, however once the water is made available, a tariff system will have to be looked into by making use of WASREB’s Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-45 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 tariff policy for providing sustainable and affordable water supply and sanitation services to the poor to cover basic human need while at the same time ensuring financial viability of the services provided. The block tariff structure by MAWASCO should incorporate the “pro-poor” policy through the provision of a lifeline tariff for poor households. 3.3.5 Power Supply The Project Area is served by the national grid under the Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC). Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 3-46 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 4 RELEVANT LEGISLATIVE/ REGULATORY FRAMEWORK There are many laws and regulations governing issues of environmental concern in Kenya. The principal National legislation is the Environmental Management & Coordination (Amended) Act of 2015. The Act empowers stakeholders to participate in sustainable management of the natural resources. It calls for Environmental and Social Impact assessment (ESIA) to guide the implementation of environmentally sound decisions. Other local laws and regulations looked into include but are not limited to, the Constitution, the Water Act of 2002 among others. In addition to the local legislation, the Consultant has identified some World Bank Policies of relevance to the project. The following is an outline of the legislative, policy and regulatory framework for which the Proponent shall observe and implement in an effort to comply with Environmental Sustainability. 4.1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION (AMENDED) ACT OF 2015 This Act is an amendment of the Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act of 1999. The amended Act covers virtually all diverse environmental issues which require a holistic and coordinated approach towards its protection and preservation for the present generation without compromising the interests of the future generation to enjoy the same. Consequently, the amended act provides for the legal regime to regulate, manage, protect and conserve biological diversity resources and access to genetic resources, wetlands, forests, marine and freshwater resources and the ozone layer to name a few. The Environmental Management and Coordination (Amended) Act, 2015 harmonizes the various requirements of the other existing laws and regulations by stipulating that where the provisions of any existing law conflicts with itself, then the provisions of the Environmental Management and Coordination (Amended) Act, 2015 shall prevail. This way, the act is able to minimize any conflicts in enforcement of the various environmental laws and regulations as applied to the relevant sectors. The Environmental Management and Coordination (Amended) Act, 2015 represents the culmination of a series of initiatives and activities coordinated by Government and stakeholders. It accentuates the right of every person in Kenya to live in a clean and healthy environment and obliges each and every one to safeguard and enhance the environment. It is the master plan for the environment in Kenya and contains a National Environment Policy, Framework Environmental Legislation and Environmental Strategy. The Act gives power to the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) which is a semi-autonomous government agency mandated to exercise general supervision and coordination over all matters relating to the environment and to be the principal instrument of the Government of Kenya in the implementation of all policies relating to the environment. NEMA is the body in charge of ensuring developments adhere to the policies and frameworks set out by the Authority. The amended act highlights the need for an ESIA which is presented in this report. 4.2 THE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AMENDED ACT 2015 AND ITS TOOLS The Act has several regulations that aid in its implementation the relevant regulations are highlighted in the sections below: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 4-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 4.2.1 Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations 2003 These Regulations stipulate the importance of conducting an ESIA as well as the procedure necessary. The Regulations highlight the various reports and their contents to be submitted to NEMA for licensing. The regulations highlight the ESIA process which includes:  Submission of a ESIA project report to NEMA for review or licensing  In some cases the Authority will request for a full study report for some projects for which the applicant will be required to prepare a Terms of Reference and submit a study report. The project and study reports will be conducted before the implementation of the development in question, the reports will be subject to approval by NEMA. The regulations also calls for Environmental auditing and monitoring that will be carried out during the construction or operation of the enterprise, the regulations provide the format of the audit report which will be provided to NEMA. In 2017, NEMA, via press release, announced the scrapping of the 0.1% NEMA license fee for review of EIA report. 4.2.2 Water Quality Regulations (2006) Water Quality Regulations apply to water used for domestic, industrial, agricultural, and recreational purposes; water used for fisheries and wildlife purposes, and water used for any other purposes. Different standards apply to different modes of usage. These regulations provide for the protection of lakes, rivers, streams, springs, wells and other water sources. The water provided by the water treatment plant should meet the requirements of these regulations. The standard of water is summarized in the table below: Table 4-1: Water Quality Standards Parameter Guide Value (Max Allowable) pH 6.5 – 8.5 Suspended solids 30 (mg/L) Nitrate-NO3 10 (mg/L) Ammonia –NH3 0.5 (mg/L) Nitrite –NO2 3 (mg/L) Total Dissolved Solids 1200 (mg/L) Scientific name (E.coli) Nil/100 ml Fluoride 1.5 (mg/L) Phenols Nil (mg/L) Arsenic 0.01 (mg/L) Cadmium 0.01 (mg/L) Lead 0.05 (mg/L) Selenium 0.01 (mg/L) Copper 0.05 (mg/L) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 4-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Parameter Guide Value (Max Allowable) Zinc 1.5 (mg/L) Alkyl benzyl sulphonates 0.5 (mg/L) Permanganate value (PV) 1.0 (mg/L) The treated water from the Baricho Treatment Works has been designed to meet the above requirements, and the pipeline has been designed to not interfere with the integrity of the water. In addition the water supplies must be maintained to ensure the water quality is not interfered with. 4.2.3 The Environmental Management and Coordination (waste management) Regulation, 2006 The Waste Management Regulations are meant to streamline the handling, transportation and disposal of various types of waste. The aim of the Waste Management Regulations is to protect human health and the environment. The regulations place emphasis on waste minimization, cleaner production and segregation of waste at source. These regulations will be of great importance particularly during the construction phase of the project. During the Construction, the Contractor will have to meet the requirements of the regulations, by providing solid and liquid waste sorting, disposal and transportation using a licensed transporter who will dispose of the solid waste to the designated receptacle. 4.2.4 EMCA (Noise and Excessive Vibration Pollution Control) Regulations, 2009 These Regulations determine the level of noise that will permissible in particular during the construction of pipelines and associated structures, the following factors will be considered:  Time of the day;  Proximity to residential area;  Whether the noise is recurrent, intermittent or constant;  The level and intensity of the noise;  Whether the noise has been enhanced in level or range by any type of electronic or mechanical means; and,  Whether the noise is subject to be controlled without unreasonable effort or expense to the person making the noise. The Contractor will have to meet the requirements of these regulations particularly during the construction process, where some of the construction activities are bound to make some level of noise. These regulations are summarised in the table below: Table 4-2: Table showing Permissible Noise Level for a Construction Site Facility Local Maximum Noise Level Permitted in Decibels Day Night 1. Health facilities, educational 60 35 institutions, homes for disabled etc. 2. Residential areas 60 35 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 4-3 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 3. Areas other than 1 and 2 75 65 above In addition the IFC regulations for permissible noise levels are summarized in the table below: Facility Maximum Noise Level Permitted in Decibels Day Night 1. Residential; institutional; 55 45 educational 2. Industrial; commercial 70 70 Comparatively both regulations are relatively similar, as such the local regulations will be used. 4.2.5 Draft Environmental Management and Coordination (Air Quality) Regulations, 2009 The objective of the Regulations is to provide for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution to ensure clean and healthy ambient air. It provides for the establishment of emission standards for various sources such as mobile sources (e.g. motor vehicles) and stationary sources such as the improvements made to the storm water outlets. The Contractor will have to ensure all his machinery do not exceed the emissions made in the regulations (presented in the first schedule of the regulations). The Contractor’s plant must meet the requirements of these regulations. 4.3 WATER ACT 2016 This Act is an update of the Water Act of 2002. It makes provision for the provision of clean and safe water in adequate quantities and to reasonable standards of sanitation for all citizens. The Act gives power to Water Works Development Agencies which are charged with: a) Undertaking the development, maintenance and management of the national public water works within its area of jurisdiction. b) Operating the waterworks and providing water services as a water service provider, until such time as responsibility for the operation and management of the waterworks are handed over to a county government, joint committee, authority of county governments or water services provider within whose area of jurisdiction or supply the waterworks is located. c) Providing a reserve capacity for purposes of providing water services where pursuant to section 103, the Regulatory Board orders the transfer of water services functions from a defaulting water services provider to another licensee. d) Providing technical services and capacity building to such county governments and water services providers within its area as may be requested; and e) Providing to the cabinet secretary technical support in the discharge of his/her functions under the constitution of this Act. In accordance to Article 152 of the Act, CWSB under whose jurisdiction the project falls, will transition into a Water Works Development Agency. However this transition has not yet Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 4-4 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 occurred, as such the Consultant will still report to the CWSB and one of its service providers MAWASCO under whose jurisdiction the project falls. 4.4 THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACT (CAP. 242) Part IX Section 8 & 9 of the Act states that no person/institution shall cause nuisance or condition liable to be injurious or dangerous to human health. The Act addresses matters of sanitation, hygiene and general environmental health and safety. This Act will govern the Contractor’s activities on site including ensuring the health and safety of employees including providing health services when it comes to venereal diseases. 4.5 THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA 2010 Article 42 states that every person has the right to a clean and healthy environment. The constitution provides guidance on steps that may be taken in case any of any infringement on these rights. In addition, the constitution provides for the establishment systems for carrying out environmental impact assessment, environmental audit and monitoring of the environment. In addition to the protection of the environment, the constitution states that the land in Kenya belongs to the people of Kenya collectively as a nation. The constitution classifies the land in Kenya into different categories. These categories will dictate whether compensation will be required for the acquisition of a way leave. The categories include: public (including oceans, land between high and low water marks, all roads and thoroughfares). The Constitution is critical in ensuring the project is carried out without infringing on the rights of the people, by carrying out an EIA which is provided in this report. 4.6 KENYA FOREST MANAGEMENT AND MANAGEMENT ACT, 2016 This Act makes provision for the protection and conservation of forests in the Country. The Kenya Forestry Services is mandated to conserve, protect and manage all public forests. The pipelines pass near two forests which are gazetted as public forests, thus making the forest services a major stakeholder within the project. This stakeholder is mandated by this law. 4.7 THE WILDLIFE (CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT) ACT (CAP 376) This Act makes provision for the protection and conservation of wildlife in the Country. The Kenya Wildlife Services is mandated to conserve, protect and manage all national parks and reserves. The Araboko Sokoke doubles up as a national reserve and forest reserve, as such the Kenya Wildlife Services will also be a key stakeholder due to the proximity of the pipelines to the forest. 4.8 PHYSICAL PLANNING ACT (CAP 286) The act state that while giving due considerations to the rights and obligations of landowners, there shall be compensation whenever a materials site, diversion or realignment results into relocation of settlement or any change of user whatsoever of privately owned land parcels. Under the physical planning act, physical development activities are supposed to be carried out according to the physical plans. Accordingly the processes of physical planning involve two stages; the plan making stage and the development control stage. The former involves drawing up the actual plan to indicate the various activities and zones whereas the later involves the process of determining applications by developers to carry out specific development activities. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 4-5 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Section 36 states “if in connection with a development application a local authority is of the opinion that proposals for the pipelines or any other development activity will have injurious impact on the environment, the applicant shall be required to submit together with the application an environment impact assessment report”. This ESIA covers the proposed pipelines. 4.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT This legislation provides for protection of workers during construction and operation phases. This act will provide some of the mitigation measures for any negative impacts in particular those concerning the workers along the pipeline routes. 4.10 THE HIV AND AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT This is an Act of Parliament to provide measures for the prevention, management and control of HIV and AIDS, to provide for the protection and promotion of public health and for the appropriate treatment, counseling, support and care of persons infected or at risk of HIV and AIDS infection, and for connected purposes. This Act will ensure that the Contractor makes provision for VCT services for employees and locals, as well as promotes public awareness. This will go a long way in ensuring stigmatization of HIV and AIDS is reduced as well as managed during the construction period. 4.11 NATIONAL GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY The National Gender and Development Policy provide a framework for advancement of women and an approach that would lead to greater efficiency in resource allocation and utilisation to ensure empowerment of women. The National Policy on Gender and Development is consistent with the Government’s efforts of spurring economic growth and thereby reducing poverty and unemployment, by considering the needs and aspirations of all Kenyan men, women, boys and girls across economic, social and cultural lines. The policy is also consistent with the Government’s commitment to implementing the National Plan of Action based on the Beijing Platform for Action (PFA). The overall objective of the Gender and Development Policy is to facilitate the mainstreaming of the needs and concerns of men and women in all areas in the development process in the country. This law will be of relevance to the contractor in ensuring that all genders are given an equal opportunity during recruitment during the construction phase and operation phase of the project. The employers will also provide adequate facilities for all genders within the project site. 4.12 THE SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT, 2006 This Act protects people and employees from any unwanted sexual attention or advances by staff members. This act ensures the safety of women, children and men from any sexual offences which include: rape, defilement, indecent acts. This law will govern the code of conduct of the Contractor’s staff and provide repercussions of any wrong doing. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 4-6 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 4.13 THE CHILDREN ACT, 2001 This Act protects the welfare of children within the Country. The Act identifies Children as a person below the age of 18 years old and protects them from exploitation. Of particular importance to this project, is section 10, which protects the child from:  Economic exploitation.  Any work that interferes with his/ her education, or is harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development. 4.14 THE COUNTY GOVERNMENTS ACT, 2012 The promulgation of the 2010 Constitution brought about County Governments. This Act highlights the role of the County Government. The County Government will be in charge of all development activities within the County, as such will be a major stakeholder for the proposed project. 4.15 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES 4.15.1 Operational Policy (OP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment, 2001 Environmental Assessment is used in the World Bank to identify, avoid, and mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts associated with Bank lending operations. The purpose of Environmental Assessment is to provide guidance for environmental assessment of the WB financed projects, improve decision making, to ensure that project options under consideration are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been properly consulted. The pipelines are considered as Category B, as the project impacts are anticipated to be specific to the project site and reversible with implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. 4.15.2 Operational Policy 4.04: Natural Habitats, 2001 The policy seeks to ensure that World Bank-supported infrastructure and other development projects take into account the conservation of biodiversity, as well as the numerous environmental services and products which natural habitats provide to human society. The policy strictly limits the circumstances under which any Bank-supported project can damage natural habitats (land and water areas where most of the native plant and animal species are still present). The pipelines in particular the Kakuyuni – Kilifi Pipeline will pass near the Arabuko Sokoke and Mida Creek (and mangrove forest) are major natural habitats identified by UNESCO as Biosphere Reserve. Although the pipelines will not affect the natural habitats directly, however some of the Contractor’s works if not controlled can have a negative impact on these natural habitats, these impacts have to be mitigated in order to avoid contraventions with this policy. 4.15.3 The Bank's Operational Policy 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement This is triggered in situations involving involuntary taking of land and involuntary restrictions of access to legally designated parks and protected areas. The policy aims to avoid involuntary resettlement to the extent feasible, or to minimize and mitigate its adverse social and economic impacts. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 4-7 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 It promotes participation of displaced people in resettlement planning and implementation, and its key economic objective is to assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve or at least restore their incomes and standards of living after displacement. The policy prescribes compensation and other resettlement measures to achieve its objectives and requires that borrowers prepare adequate resettlement planning instruments prior to Bank appraisal of proposed projects. The pipelines will pass along the road reserve, as such resettlement will be kept to a minimum, however a few structures, trees, crops and fences may be affected as such this operational policy will be triggered. 4.15.4 Operational Policy (OP/BP) 4.11: Physical Cultural Resources The objective of this policy is to assist countries in preserving physical cultural resources and avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance. PCR may be located in urban or rural settings, and may be above ground, underground, or under water. The cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community. This policy applies to all projects requiring a category A or B environmental assessment, project located in, or in the vicinity of recognized cultural heritage sites. Physical cultural resources are important as sources of valuable scientific and historical information, as assets for economic and social development, and as integral parts of a people’s cultural identity and practices. The project has not affected any cultural sites, however, for projects involving substantial civil works (including this one) a set of “chance find” procedures are to be developed and included into the contracts to be used in case of accidental discovery of cultural objects during construction. 4.15.5 World Bank Policy on Access to Information, 2010 The World Bank policy on access to information sets out the policy of the World Bank on public access to information in its possession. This Policy supersedes the World Bank Policy on Disclosure of Information, and took effect on July 1, 2010. This Policy is based on five principles:  Maximizing access to information.  Setting out a clear list of exceptions.  Safeguarding the deliberative process.  Providing clear procedures for making information available.  Recognizing requesters’ right to an appeals process. In disclosing information related to member countries/borrower in the case of documents prepared or commissioned by a member country/borrower (in this instance, safeguards assessments and plans related to environment, resettlement, and indigenous peoples, OP/BP 4.01, Environmental Assessments, and OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement); the bank takes the approach that the country/borrower provides such documents to the Bank with the understanding that the Bank will make them available to the public. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 4-8 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 4.16 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION AND WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY (EHS) GUIDELINES These are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. These General EHS Guidelines are used in addition to the local guidelines in order to provide mitigation measures for the various environmental and social impacts that will be identified in this report. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 4-9 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 5 CONSULTATIONS - PERSONS, AGENCIES & PUBLIC 5.1 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1.1 Government Policy on Public Consultation The overall objective of the Government is to involve communities in policy formulation and implementation at the local level. More specifically, the Community Action Planning Programme objective is to put in place a durable system of intra-community co-operation through collective action, which creates communal discussion forums for the implementation of development activities. 5.2 PERSONS OR AGENCIES CONSULTED The key issues associated with the installation of a water pipeline and related works will often relate to biodiversity, heritage, pollution, disruption of livelihoods, community safety, traffic management, communicable diseases and employment and trade opportunities. Effort was not spared to contact all with information on the following issues: o Assessment of the baseline environmental and social conditions o Consideration of feasible and environmentally &socially preferable alternatives o Requirements under Kenya country laws and regulations, applicable international treaties and agreements o Protection of human rights and community health, safety and security (including risks, impacts and management of project’s use of security personnel) o Protection of cultural property and heritage o Protection and conservation of biodiversity, including endangered species and sensitive ecosystems in modified, natural and critical habitats, and identification of legally protected areas o Impacts on affected communities, and disadvantaged or vulnerable groups o Impacts on indigenous peoples, and their unique cultural systems and values o Cumulative impacts of existing projects, the proposed project, and anticipated future projects o Consultation and participation of affected parties in the design, review and implementation of the project As such a cross-section of persons were consulted in Malindi, Magarini and Kilifi Sub- Counties as indicated by the following consultation registers in tables 5-1. Figure 5-1: Persons met during the ESIA study in planning the Proposed Water Supply Project No. Name Office Designation Contacts 1 Mr Mwasaru Ministry of Sub-County +254721459268 Education Kilifi Education Officer 2 Mr Kahindi Kenya Forest Sub-County +254722900230 Fondo Service Kilifi Forestry Officer Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 5-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 5.2.1 Overview from the District Education officer, Kilifi North sub-county The District Educational Officer was very pleased with the proposed project stating that schools within the area would be great beneficiaries of the project. Current Education System The list of the schools and its occupancy in the affected project area was gathered in the sub- county ministry of education office and was as follows: Figure 5-2: Learning Institutions in the Area Primary schools 117 Secondary schools 34 The ratio of boys to girls in the schools was generally lower in the lower education levels, while it was higher in the upper education levels. This is as a result of early marriages for the girls leading to school drop-outs. He pointed out that the girls generally performed better at school than the boys. Some of the major causes of the aforementioned school dropouts were said to be:  Child labour – Motorcycle, tuktuk Taxis  Early pregnancies – Economic hardships  Social – cultural – Poor Performance The education officer from whom the information was acquired was of the opinion that the proposed works under coast water service board would affect the schools positively. Problems faced by the Schools The attendance in schools was marred by the lack of water and sanitation. He pointed out that school going children were used as a source of transporting water hence depending on the distance from the water source, they may or may not attend school at all. Benefits of the Project Some of the benefits of improving the water supply in the area are;  It will lead to the improved health of the students as food will be adequate, water-borne diseases will be highly minimized and also the sanitation will drastically improve.  There will be a higher school attendance since the distance of fetching water will be thoroughly reduced hence minimizing the time and energy wasted in fetching the water. 5.2.2 Overview from the Sub-County Forester The sub county forester welcomed the consultants and proceeded to give provide a key informant interview. He pointed out that the major tree species in the Arabuko Sokoke forest which is the main natural forest in the project region include;  Casuarina  Blue Gum  Brachistegia  Arborea  Neem tree Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 5-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 In addition to the trees in the forest the locals in the project area plant some species of trees including mango, cashew nuts as well as the coconuts. The forest area is approximately 420km2. The officer went ahead to explain some of the duties of the Kenya Forest Service which were to;  Enhance and promote tree planting  Offer seedlings to the public such as in public institutions (schools, dispensaries, chief’s offices). Environmental and issues The Sub county forester stated that the major environmental issues faced were, illegal logging of trees by the locals, Pole cutting, as well as charcoal burning, he however pointed out that it was being done on a small scale, but if not taken care of, it may get out of hand. In some limited instances, there was solid waste disposal as well as encroachment into the forest area due to population pressure. He also explained that solid waste disposal, tree cutting (mangrove forests are cut down for their firewood and the Lafarge for the wood carvings) and poor attitude from the dwellers about the importance of tree planting were other issues affecting the project area, these he felt would also be impacts felt during the proposed project. Mitigation measures The sub county forester said that some of the measures that would help conserve the environment included: public education on the importance of conserving the environment (the forest provides a natural environment for wildlife to thrive and hence brings tourism). Another measure was the hastened completion of the project so that the trenches dug could be filled. The Sub-county forester concluded that the forestry department would benefit from the project due to increased water provision in the project area which would encourage tree nurseries and tree planting. 5.3 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS The Consultant carried out public consultation in the form of a consultative meetings along the pipeline route where, the Consultant presented the project to the local communities, comprised of stakeholders. The Consultant held meetings from the 24th of May to the 25th of May 2016 at the various centres along both pipeline routes, minutes, photos and an attendance sheet of the meetings are presented in appendix 11.2. The meetings were attended by the numbers summarized in the table below: Table 5-1: Number of Attendees for each Public Consultation Meeting Meeting Location Number of Attendees Kilifi Chief’s Camp 26 Zowerani Chief’s Camp 18 Gede Chief’s Camp 50 Sabaki Primary 89 Gongoni DC’s Office 63 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 5-3 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 5.3.1 Findings of the meetings The meetings included a presentation by the Consultant on the proposed works, the various environmental and social impacts that may arise from the project including temporary resettlement along the connection from the treatment plant and the road where the distribution lines will remain within the provided 9m road reserve as provided in the design report. The consultant however pointed out that the Designers had tried their very best to minimize resettlement and that the proposed distribution lines would not permanently displace any persons. She highlighted the mitigation measures for all the impacts in accordance to the RAP. She also disclosed the features of the RAP including cut off dates. Being a public consultation meeting, feedback from the stakeholders was obtained with majority of the stakeholders approving of the project. The findings of the meetings are summarized in the appendices. In addition to the public consultation meetings, the Consultant conducted ad hoc interviews with some of the PAPs. This was to get the views of the PAPs to be included in the report. Some of the feedback from the PAPs includes: i. Charo Mwando Kiyuge from the Kilifi PEFA church wanted to know when the construction would begin as well as wanted to know what the next step was. The consultant explained that the RAP was a precursor to the construction in order to ensure that all those affected by the pipeline were compensated and relocated with minimal disturbance. He thanked the Consultant and suggested that the PAPs be kept in the know on the progress of the project. ii. Florence Nelly wanted to know if she could return to her business after the pipe had been laid. The consultant stated that no permanent construction could occur after the pipeline had been laid, and for safety purposes she should not place her temporary structure directly on top of the pipeline, however she could resume her business if she shifted it slightly within the road reserve. iii. Katana Shillingi stated that the PAPs with crops should be allowed to harvest their crops since they relied on the crops. The consultant assured him that the PAPs would be given ample time to harvest crops and even after construction, they could continue growing crops that did not have deep roots. However the Consultant cautioned that they were farming along the road reserve and thus would be moved in case of any road construction. iv. Josephine Kache expressed happiness in the fact that water was finally getting to Gongoni and stated that the people had been suffering with no water and had to travel long distances to fetch domestic water. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 5-4 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT The general environmental and social impacts which may result from the proposed project is presented in this chapter. The emphasis will be initially on the specific impacts that are likely to result from the nature of works (e.g. trenching, excavation, laying of pipelines and construction of water kiosks) and works category (e.g. water supply). A vast range of environmental and social implications will surely arise from the Kakuyuni- Kilifi/Gongoni water supply project, notably along the pipeline routes. In general, successful implementation of the project will have high socio and economic benefits to the people and will contribute to the health and wellbeing. Overall, expected negative impacts are related to pipeline and associated works such as construction of the valve chambers and washouts. These impacts are localized and not considered significant and long-lasting and can be mitigated through appropriate mitigation measures. The severity and duration of these impacts can be minimized by ensuring that the excavation and construction works are limited to short working sections, and that works are carried out rapidly and efficiently. Table 6.1 presents a characterisation of expected impacts. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Characterization of Impacts Nature Effect Time Range Reversibility Aspect Predicted Impact Mediu Long Direc Indirec Short Irreversibl Positive Negative m Ter Reversible t t Term e Term m Increased traffic along the Traffic project route X X X Increased local pollutant emissions and trace constituents such as VOCs Ambient Increased GHG emissions Air such as CH4 and CO2 X X X X Quality Increased levels of dust and particle emissions from construction vehicles and equipment X X X X Contamination of groundwater and ocean from oil spills during construction X X X X X soil/water Surface water pollution from pollution construction wastes X X X X X Leakage/ponding from the distribution network. X X X X Increase of noise and vibration Noise and levels due to construction vibrations activities and traffic X X X X Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Characterization of Impacts Nature Effect Time Range Reversibility Aspect Predicted Impact Mediu Long Direc Indirec Short Irreversibl Positive Negative m Ter Reversible t t Term e Term m General construction related Health & health and safety risks for Safety workers X X X X X (Construct ion) HIV/AIDS and increased disease risks. X X X X X X X Improvement of local and regional socio-economy X X X Socio- economics Employment and job creation during construction and operation phases X X X X X generation of both solid and solid and liquid waste at the liquid construction camps and along waste the project route X X X X X X loss of livelihood demolition of structures Resettlem ent Loss of trees Loss of land for gongoni tank site X X X X Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-3 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Characterization of Impacts Nature Effect Time Range Reversibility Aspect Predicted Impact Mediu Long Direc Indirec Short Irreversibl Positive Negative m Ter Reversible t t Term e Term m Health and Improvement in public health safety and sanitation through (Operation improved potable water ) supply. X X X X X Increased clean water supply to the target WSP areas which could reduce incidences of water borne diseases hence Water significant improvement on public health X X X X X Enhanced water quality, quantity and distribution. X X X X X Vandalism and illegal connections/tapping X X X X X X Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-4 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 6.1 IMPACT CATEGORIES First the likely significance of the potential issues of concerns has been determined and ranked according to the following:  Potential environmental impacts which are deemed to be highly significant and need thorough investigation in the ESIA  Potential environmental impacts that are deemed to be moderately significant, and will require reasonable investigation in the ESIA  Potential environmental impacts that are deemed unlikely to be significant, and will need to be listed, and addressed in some way, but which will not require detailed assessment in the ESIA. Secondly, the following characteristics have been defined for each impact: Nature:  Positive: applies to impacts that have a beneficial economic, environmental or social result, such as additional economic activity or enhancement of the existing environmental conditions.  Negative: applies to impacts that have a harmful or economical aspect associated with them such as economical cost, loss or degradation of environmental resources. Effect:  Direct: applies to impacts which can be clearly and directly attributed to a particular impacting activity.  Indirect: applies to impacts which may be associated with or subsequent to a particular impacting activity, but which cannot be directly attributed to it. Time Range:  Short Term: applies to impacts whose effects on the environment will disappear within a 1 year period, or within the construction phase.  Medium Term: applies to impacts whose effects on the environment will disappear within a 5 year period following the construction phase.  Long Term: applies to impacts whose effects on the environment will disappear in a period greater than 5 years following the construction phase. Reversibility:  Reversible: applies to impacts whose significance will be reduced and disappear over time (either naturally or artificially), once the impacting activity ceases.  Irreversible: applies to impacts whose significance will not be reduced nor disappear over time (either naturally or artificially), once the impacting activity ceases. 6.2 IMPACTS EMANATING FROM THE PROPOSED PROJECT The impacts are identified at three stages:-  pre- construction/Planning Phase Impacts  during construction and  post-construction (operation phase) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-5 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 6.2.1 Planning Phase Impacts These are commonly associated resettlement of people along the pipeline routes. It should be noted that the pipelines will be located along road reserves as such land acquisition is not foreseen. However there will be land acquisition for the Gongoni tank site, the tank sites are existing and under the jurisdiction of CWSB. The project will mainly displace: i. Structures along the pipeline way leave along the road reserve ii. Trees and Crops along the pipeline way leave along the road reserve iii. Fences along the pipeline way leave and iv. Livelihoods along the pipeline route v. Land owners at the Gongoni tank site Mitigation measures  The pipeline runs along roads and footpaths, so as to minimise land acquisition in accordance to a Resettlement Action Plan report. The RAP identified 713 households to be affected.  The only place with land acquisition will be at the proposed Gongoni tank site which will affect only 3 households which will lose out sections of their land. It should be noted that there would be no permanent displacement of PAHs as only uninhabited parts of the land will be affected.  Majority of affected households that loose structures, trees and crop losses.  As described in the RAP, CWSB agreed with the local community on the form of compensation for loss of structures, trees, crops, livelihood and land (such as water provision etc.). Only once the community is fully compensated the contractor may move to site for commencement of works.  The mitigation measures for social impacts are to ensure that the affected persons’ livelihood is at least maintained after implementation of the project. 6.2.2 Construction Phase Impacts Most of the potential environmental and social impacts associated with the construction phase will be negative and temporary, and can be mitigated with the use of standard environmental management procedures. The potential social impacts or nuisance will be those typically associated with construction activities involving vehicles, equipment, and workers. The predicted impacts include the following: 1) Traffic Congestion Traffic congestion is anticipated from site related traffic from Contractor vehicles. This may interfere with socio-economic activities which majorly rely on the transport network affected by the construction activities. The proposed project would have minor, short term impacts on transportation, as the sewer mains are anticipated to be installed within the shoulder of existing roads. Mitigation measures Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-6 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017  The Contractor should provide temporary road signs or notices to indicate ongoing works;  The Contractor together with the Resident Engineer should Plan itineraries for site traffic on a daily basis and avoid peak traffic periods;  The Contractor should effect traffic controls and cleanliness to avoid congestion and truck accidents on roads;  For the site traffic the Contractor has to ensure that they i. Only park in designated parking areas; ii. Don't block pedestrian routes; iii. Don't block traffic routes; iv. Obey the speed limit v. The resident Engineer has to ensure that the Contractor:  Introduces segregated pedestrian walkways;  Introduces speed limits;  Reduces the need for reversing vehicles, by introducing a one way system;  Uses a qualified BANKSMAN to control deliveries and reversing vehicles;  Designates loading/unloading areas. 2) Site Related Oil Spills During construction, oil spills may result from construction site equipment and storage, which can make its way into natural habitats. Mitigation Measures  The Contractor should ensure that the employees on site are aware of the company procedures for dealing with spills and leaks from oil storage tanks e.g. using dispersants or adding biological agents to speed up the oil breakdown for the construction machinery though induction and safety training (the contractor will propose a method of cleanup which will be subject to approval);  In case of spillage the Contractor should isolate the source of oil spill and contain the spillage to the source of leakage before it makes its way into the natural habitats, using sandbags, sawdust, absorbent material and/or other materials approved by the Resident Engineer;  The Resident Engineer and the Contractor should ensure that there is always a supply of absorbent material such as saw dust on site during construction, readily available to absorb/breakdown spill from machinery or oil storage, this can be incinerated after use;  All vehicles and equipment should be kept in good working order, serviced regularly in accordance to the manufacturers specifications and stored in an area approved by the Resident Engineer;  The Contractor should assemble and clearly list the relevant emergency telephone contact numbers for staff, and brief staff on the required procedures. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-7 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 3) Soil-Related Impacts All construction activities have some minor impacts on the soil. However, these are localised and restricted locally to the excavation of trenches for the water pipes. It is expected that these impacts are also short-lived during construction and mitigation measures are recommended. The key impacts will revolve around soil erosion, contamination, disturbance of the natural soil structure, piling of soil along public access routes, improper replacement of soil to its original position, mixing of layers and compaction thus reducing the ecological function of the soil. Mitigation Measures  The valuable top soil containing organic material, nutrients as well as seeds and the soil fauna would be excavated separately and piled in an adequate manner for re-use.  In cases where it is identified that during construction there is a danger of increased run-off or erosion of trenches, temporary drainage channels or holding ponds can be employed  After completion of the construction works, immediate restoration spreading piled top soil and by sowing adequate grass cover and planting of trees will be followed, therefore the impact is temporary and reversible.  Plan emergency response measures in case of accidental oil spills. 4) Impact on Water Resources The various construction activities may have a negative impact on the Indian Ocean, Mida Creek, and natural drainage channels. Solid as well as liquid waste if not properly disposed of, will make its way into the ocean, thus affecting the ocean ecosystem. Mitigation Measures  Ensure proper solid and liquid wastes disposal mainly from the contractor’s camps, sites and offices.  Ensure proper measures are in place for collection and disposal of spilled oils and lubricants. 5) Socio - Economic Impacts Enhancement During construction the project will have clear benefits with regard to local employment opportunities. The project will additionally require various skills and services which may not be available on the local level but certainly on the regional level, e.g. masonry workers, plumbers, etc. for which appropriate personnel will be contracted. The increase in employment will temporarily lead to an overall increase of income directly and indirectly (through increased demand of other local services). Consequently, farmers will also benefit from higher income levels as they sell their products. New businesses will grow such as food vending to construction workers. Negative In migration of people from different regions may lead to behavioural influences and this may increase the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-8 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Mitigation Measures  Unskilled construction and skilled (if available) labor to be hired from the local population as far as possible to minimize on influx of foreigners into the community.  Use of manual labor during trenching works where possible to ensure more employment of locals and hence ensure project support throughout the construction process.  Sensitize workers and the surrounding community on awareness, prevention and management of HIV / AIDS through staff training, awareness campaigns, multimedia, and workshops or during community Barazas.  Use of existing clinics to provide VCT services to construction crew and provision of ARVs for vulnerable community members  The Contractor should enforce and maintain a code of conduct for his employees 6) Air Quality Construction activities of bush clearing, materials delivery, trench excavation and construction traffic will generate a lot of noise and dust especially during the dry seasons. The area is predominantly dry thus dust is already a pre-existing problem. Vehicular traffic to the proposed sites and contractor’s camp is expected to increase especially during delivery of raw materials. Vehicular traffic emissions will bring about air pollution by increasing the fossil fuel emissions into the atmosphere. Most of the access roads, with the exception of the B8 highway, are earth roads. Trucks with heavy loads will further damage these earth roads. Mitigation Measures  Use of protective clothing like helmets and dust masks by construction crew.  Construction sites and transportation routes (those that are murram and earth standards) will be water-sprayed on regularly up to three times a day, especially if these sites are near sensitive receptors, such as residential areas or institutions (hospitals, etc.)  All the vehicles and construction machinery should be operated in compliance with relevant vehicle emission standards and manufacturer’s specification to minimize air pollution.  Digging of trenches should be done manually so as to avoid too many trucks and machines in the area. The use of manual labor will also benefit the community socio-economically. 7) Construction Noise and vibration Noise and vibration generated during construction by heavy construction machinery, such as excavators, bulldozers, concrete mixers, and transportation vehicles. Generally, construction noise exceeding a noise level of 70 decibels (dB) has significant impacts on surrounding sensitive receptors within 50m of the construction site, including the Arabuko Sokoke Forest, Schools, Churches and Mosques near the highway. Mitigation Measures Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-9 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017  Avoid night time construction when noise is loudest. Avoid night-time construction using heavy machinery, from 2200 to 0600hrs near residential areas.  No discretionary use of noisy machinery within 50 m of residential areas and near institutions such as schools  Good maintenance and proper operation of construction machinery to minimize noise generation.  Where possible, ensure non mechanized construction to reduce the use of machinery 8) Loss of Flora and Fauna Removal of vegetation as well as thickets and trees will lead to loss of plants and animal habitats. The bio-diversity affected includes insects such as butterflies and worms, small mammals, reptiles and birds. Water contamination with cement will cause it to be highly alkaline and toxic to plants and animals living along the pipelines. Improper disposal of solid and liquid waste from the Contractor’s camp will have a negative impact on the biodiversity surrounding the camp. Mitigation Measures  Re-plant the indigenous vegetation as much as practical once work is completed.  Spare the vegetation that must not necessarily be removed such as trees.  Minimize the amount of destruction caused by machinery by promoting non- mechanized methods of construction.  The Contractor should ensure that the employees on site are aware of the company procedures for dealing with spills and leaks from oil storage tanks e.g. using dispersants or adding biological agents to speed up the oil breakdown for the construction machinery though induction and safety training (the contractor will propose a method of cleanup which will be subject to approval);  Provision of dustbin and sanitation facilities within the Contractor’s camp to prevent seepage into the natural environment. 9) Public Health and Safety Construction staff and the general public will be exposed to safety hazards arising from construction activities. The pipelines are to be placed primarily along the major B8 highway and have a few kilometers along rural access roads these roads have pedestrian and vehicular traffic and this may cause an increase in the number of accidents. The project works will expose workers to occupational risks due to handling of heavy machinery, construction noise, electromechanical works etc. Construction activities of bush clearing, materials delivery, trench excavation and concrete mixing and construction traffic will generate a lot of dust and this may affect the respiratory system. The high temperatures in the area will expose the workers to difficult working conditions. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-10 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Construction sites may be a source of both liquid and solid wastes. If these wastes are not well disposed these sites may become a breeding ground for disease causing pests such as mosquitoes and rodents. At the concrete mixing plant the exposure of human skin to cement may lead to damage of the skin. Mitigation Measures  Ensure that all construction machines and equipment are in good working conditions and to manufacturer’s specifications to prevent occupational hazards.  Establish a Health and Safety Plan (HASP) for both civil and plumbing work.  Appoint a trained health and safety team for the duration of the construction work.  Provide workers with adequate and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).  Provide workers with adequate drinking water and breaks.  Provide workers training on safety procedures and emergency response such as fire, oil and chemical spills, pipe bursts and other serious water loss risks.  Roads passing through population centers will be water sprayed to reduce dust.  Work to minimize or altogether eliminate mosquito breeding sites.  Provide appropriate human and solid waste disposal facilities e.g. Toilets and dustbins at strategic points  Cordon off the trenches being worked on to prevent potential injuries, in addition provide crossing points for locals across trenches to avoid accidents.  Provide clean toilets for workers, these toilets will be to World Health Organisation standards. 10) HIV & AIDS Impacts In migration of people from different regions may lead to behavioural influences which may increase the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Mitigation:  Sensitize workers and the surrounding communities on awareness, prevention and management of HIV/AIDS through staff training, awareness campaigns, multimedia and workshops or during community Barazas. Provide information, education and communication about safe uses of drinking water.  Use of existing clinics to provide VCT services to construction crew and provision of ARVs for vulnerable community members 11) Service Delivery Impacts The construction activities will cause disruption of services such as water supply and transportation within the project area. Where the water pipe crosses the road, excavation of trenches and laying down of the water pipes may cause disruption of transport within the project area. Trucks with heavy loads of construction materials may damage murram roads Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-11 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 during the construction process. The trucks may get stuck on bad road sections (sandy soil is difficult to negotiate through) and these may cause disruption of transport. Mitigation Measures  Provide appropriate signage to warn motorists and other road users of the construction activities, diversion routes to ward off traffic accidents.  The contractor should communicate any intended disruption of the services to enable the people to prepare e.g. by having emergency water storage and provision facilities.  Areas being trenched to be temporarily cordoned off to avoid people and animals accidentally falling into open trenches.  In the event that delivery trucks damage parts of the road, repair the spots in consultation with the local authorities. 12) Gender Empowerment Impacts There is need to promote gender equality in all aspects of economic development and more so in construction. Women roles in construction are mainly confined to supply of unskilled labour and vending of foodstuffs to the construction workers. Where available skilled women will be used. Mitigation Measures  Ensure equitable distribution of employment opportunities between men and women  Provide toilets and bathrooms for both male and female workers on site 13) Impacts on Cultural Heritage Although the ESIA or RAP did not identify any cultural sites, the project is located within a culture rich area, which may uncover unknown cultural resources. These sites may be of importance to the local community. These sites may include and not limited to, archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction. Mitigation:  Use of “chance find” procedures by the contractor _ See Appendix 11.3 for “Chance Find” procedures 14) Child Labour and Protection The Children Act of Kenya prohibits contractors from “employing children in a manner that is economically exploitative, hazardous, and detrimental to the child’s education, harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral, or social development. It is also important to be vigilant towards potential sexual exploitation of children, especially young girls. The contractor should adopt a ‘Child Protection Code of Conduct’; that all staff of the contractor must sign, committing themselves towards protecting children, which clearly defines what is and is not acceptable behaviour. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-12 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Mitigation:  Ensure no children are employed on site in accordance with national labor laws  Ensure that any child sexual relations offenses among contractors' workers are promptly reported to the police 15) Gender Equity, Sexual Harassment Construction workers are predominantly younger males. Those who are away from home on the construction job are typically separated from their family and act outside their normal sphere of social control. This can lead to inappropriate and criminal behavior, such as sexual harassment of women and girls, exploitative sexual relations, and illicit sexual relations with minors from the local community. A large influx of male labour may also lead to an increase in exploitative sexual relationships and human trafficking whereby women and girls are forced into sex work Mitigation:  The works contractor should be required, under its contract, to prepare and enforce a No Sexual Harassment and Non-Discrimination Policy, in accordance with national law where applicable.  The contractor should prepare and implement a gender action plan, to include at minimum:  Gender mainstreaming in employment at the worksite with opportunities provided for females to work, in consonance with local laws and customs  Gender sensitization of workers (this could be done by the HIV/AIDS services provider; see above)  Provision of gender disaggregated bathing, changing, sanitation facilities  Grievance redress mechanisms including non-retaliation. 16) Liability for loss of life, injury or damage to private property Some of the Construction activities may lead to accidents that may be mild or fatal depending on various factors. During the implementation of the proposed project, accidents could be due to negligence on part of the workers, machine failure or breakdown or accidental falls into the trenches. These incidents can be reduced through proper work safety procedures. In addition, during Construction, there may be damage to private property that may not be foreseen by the RAP. Mitigation:  Provision of PPE.  The workers should receive requisite training especially on the operation of the machinery and equipment  There should be adequate warning and directional signs.  Ensuring that the prepared code of conduct for staff is followed to prevent accidents. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-13 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017  Develop a site safety action plan detailing safety equipment to be used, emergency procedures, restriction on site, frequency and personnel responsible for safety inspections and controls.  Cordon off unsafe areas  Provide first Aid kit within the construction site.  Recording of all injuries that occur on site in the incident register, corrective actions for their prevention are instigated as appropriate.  Contractor to ensure compliance with the Workmen's Compensation Act, ordinance regulations and union agreements.  The Contractor to repair any damage done to private property. 6.2.3 Impacts during Operation & Maintenance During the operation of the constructed water supply project no substantial negative environmental and social impacts and risks are anticipated. 1) Socio - economic potential positive or beneficial impacts Numerous socio-economic potential positive or beneficial impacts from successful implementation of the project will include:  Better access to safe drinking water leading to improved standard of living; and changes in exposure to both communicable and non-communicable diseases;  Improvements in domestic hygiene and a reduction in health risks that were associated with poor water quality or inadequate access to services, as a result of improvements in drinking water quality and its availability;  The program will contribute to increase in local development and employment as the local population are likely to be employed during the construction phase and after construction due to water related investments;  Increase in tourism in the area. The project area has many tourist attractions and destinations such as the hotels, as well as the Indian Ocean. The increase in water will allow for a more lucrative business opportunity in terms of hotels and tourist related activities.  Increase in Land value within the project area, due to availability of water.  Improved general hygiene in the areas served.  Promote a more sustainable use of water resources with improvements in the infrastructure to reduce losses and introduction of better metering and billing procedures to encourage more efficient use of water;  A comprehensive metering program (of production and consumers) is expected to keep the Non-Revenue Water (NRW- technical and commercial losses) at an acceptable level;  Sanitation will also be promoted with its attendant improvement in the health of the people such as reduced incidence of water borne diseases.  Improvements in metering and administrative billing procedures;  The program is expected to contribute to poor communities well-being associated with improved services, stability, and health. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-14 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017  Employment creation will be the key positive environment impact as operation and maintenance personnel will be required for the rest of the project life. The availability of water and easy access will trigger other developments and businesses. Other potential impacts typically associated with operation and maintenance activities are such as: 2) Generation of both solid and liquid waste The establishment of an adequate water distribution system will be mostly beneficial to the local community, however with the provision of water comes the increase in the generation of solid and liquid waste. Kilifi and Gongoni towns and their environs currently have few sewerage or sanitation facilities. Majority of the stakeholders within the project area, use septic tanks. Water supply will lead to an increase in the generation of solid and liquid waste, and with the area’s proximity to the ocean the risk of untreated sewage making its way into the ocean. Mitigation Measures  Provide adequate waste disposal facilities. Ensure collection of all solid waste from generation points, safe transportation to a central point where they are sorted out and safely disposed according to type to protect the environmental resources.  Put in place adequate and efficient sanitary facilities for handling liquid waste especially waste water to protect the ocean from pollution. This should be included in sanitation plans for the county.  In the long term the respective WSPs should invest in a waste water collection and treatment system for Kilifi County to ensure proper handling of waste water. This would also help in protecting local environment from possible contamination with direct sewage. 3) Noise Noise nuisance from vehicles and repair equipment. During O&M activities vehicles are required for inspection of pipelines to detect any leakage and repair equipment is required in case need arises and in the process of these activities undesirable noise will be generated. Mitigation Measures  During normal operations the noise generated from vehicles has insignificant impact. However during major repairs the equipment used can generate unacceptable levels of noise and mitigation measures similar to those applied during construction to be used. 4) Impact on Water Resources As mentioned earlier the generated solid and liquid waste from the project area will make itself through its natural water courses, including ground water, back to the Indian Ocean. Thus the entire water system and as a result the ecological system will be negatively affected. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-15 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Mitigation Measures  Wastewater will be channeled to the sewerage system if available or constructed septic tanks. Pit latrines can be used where sewerage system is not available or where construction of septic tank is not feasible.  All solid waste will be collected from generation points, safely transported to the central place where it is sorted out by type and then safely disposed according to type. 5) Socio - Economic Impacts The expected improvements in metering and administrative billing procedures are likely to cause social and economic impact as this may result in the introduction of water bills in some areas and higher water bills in others Mitigation Measures  A tariff system will have to be looked into by making use of WASREB’s tariff policy for providing sustainable and affordable water supply. 6.2.4 Impacts during De-commissioning De-commissioning of the Project is not envisaged. Project components, however, will be rehabilitated over time having served their useful life. Before decommissioning of the Contractor’s camp, the Client will have a meeting with and the community on what should be done with the camp and if it can be used to serve the community. If it is agreed that the camp should be decommissioned, the contractor will prepare an ESMP for decommissioning that will include waste utilization and removal, and landscaping on site. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 6-16 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMMP) By design, the potential positive impacts of the project can readily be optimised while the potential negative environmental and social impacts are mostly restricted to the planning and construction period. These are assessed and considered as minor to medium, being reversible and short-term and can be managed through well-defined mitigation and monitoring measures. 7.1 POSSIBLE ENHANCEMENT MEASURES Possible enhancement measures of beneficial impacts would include the following:  Construction should adhere to recommended best construction practices that make effective and economical use of locally available resources including materials, expertise and labour.  Ensure that the poor and other vulnerable groups adjacent or along the pipeline route will be catered for by the project to safely satisfy their basic water needs in future.  Ensure that social services provide education on appropriate hygienic conditions and water conservation, taking into consideration gender particular roles and responsibilities.  Carrying out periodic assessment of different components of the water production, transmission and distribution system to initiate immediate rehabilitation whenever problems are identified to reduce system leakage and bursts losses. 7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES Mitigation measures for negative environmental impacts include the following:  Construction site environmental and social management plans, prepared by the contractor, will be required for all works. This plan will include a waste management plan for all activities during the construction period.  Air pollution due to dust when excavated material is stockpiled, should be limited by working in small sections so that the trenches are backfilled with excavated materials within shortest possible period.  Avoid hampering drainage of surface water and plan for restoration measures after construction.  Construction activities should be scheduled appropriately to reduce high noise levels particularly at night from noisy activities.  Avoid areas sensitive to erosion.  Avoid establishing temporary access roads along steep slopes  At the end of construction works, level off the soils and facilitate vegetation regeneration.  Minimize land clearing areas by employing mechanization only when necessary. Most of the work should be done by hand.  Prevention of work place injuries during construction is taken care of by the contractors, e.g. by means of signs, signals, fencing, etc.  Carry out specific Environmental Assessment and preparation of a hazardous material management plan for handling such materials that will be identified during the construction stage of the Project. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017  Employ occupational Safety and Health measures as required by law. Mitigation measures have already been discussed in Chapter 6. However, a brief summary is included in the Environmental and Social Mitigation and Management Plan (ESMMP) in Table 7 1: The Proposed Environmental and Social Mitigation and Management Plan (ESMMP). Also considered in this management and monitoring plan are the persons responsible for implementation. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Table 7-1: The Proposed Environmental and Social Mitigation and Management Plan (ESMMP) Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact Land acquisition for The pipelines will be laid within the Design/preparation CWSB laying of pipeline existing road reserves thus there will be no need for land acquisition. However the Gongoni Tank will require land acquisition which has been provided for in the RAP Loss of structures As a first step, the owners, type of Design/preparation CWSB structures and businesses are identified. The compensation will be done at replacement cost. RAP to be conducted and implemented in full before beginning of works Loss of livelihoods Loss of livelihoods to be valued and Design/preparation CWSB compensated to ensure that project affected persons (PAPs) continue with their normal lives (or better) as before the project. RAP to be conducted and implemented in full before beginning of works Traffic Congestion The Contractor should provide temporary Construction Contractor road signs or notices to indicate ongoing Supervising works; Engineer The Contractor together with the Resident Engineer should Plan itineraries for site traffic on a daily basis and avoid peak traffic periods; The Contractor should effect traffic controls and cleanliness to avoid congestion and truck accidents on roads; Control of onsite traffic the Contractor has to ensure that they Site Related Oil The Contractor should ensure that the Construction Contractor Spills employees on site are aware of the Supervising company procedures for dealing with Engineer spills and leaks from oil storage tanks In case of spillage the Contractor should isolate the source of oil spill and contain the spillage to the source of leakage Ensure that there is always a supply of absorbent material such as saw dust on site during construction, readily available Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact to absorb/breakdown spill from machinery or oil storage, this can be incinerated after use; All vehicles and equipment should be kept in good working order, serviced regularly in accordance to the manufacturers specifications The Contractor should assemble and clearly list the relevant emergency telephone contact numbers for staff, and brief staff on the required procedures. Soil Related Impacts The valuable top soil containing organic Construction Contractor material, nutrients as well as seeds and Supervising the soil fauna would be excavated Engineer separately and piled in an adequate manner for re-use. In cases where it is identified that during construction there is a danger of increased run-off or erosion of trenches, temporary drainage channels or holding ponds can be employed After completion of the construction works, immediate restoration spreading piled top soil and by sowing adequate grass cover and planting of trees will be followed, therefore the impact is temporary and reversible. Plan emergency response measures in case of accidental oil spills. Impact on water Ensure proper solid and liquid wastes Construction Contractor, resources disposal mainly from the contractor’s Supervising camps, sites and offices. Engineer Ensure proper measures are in place for Local WSP collection and disposal of spilled oils and lubricants. Sub-County Water Officer Socio – Economic Unskilled construction and skilled (if Construction Contractor, Impacts available) labor to be hired from the local Supervising population. Engineer Use of manual labor during trenching Local Chiefs works where possible. Sensitize workers and the surrounding community on awareness, prevention and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact management of HIV / AIDS through staff training, awareness campaigns, multimedia, and workshops or during community Barazas. Use of existing clinics to provide VCT services to construction crew and provision of ARVs for vulnerable community members The Contractor should enforce and maintain a code of conduct for his employees Air pollution Vehicles and other equipment emissions Construction Contractor would be kept to a minimum by servicing Supervising and maintaining the equipment to Engineer manufacturer’s specification. In, addition the contractor to be encouraged to use unleaded and low sulphur content petrol and diesel respectively for all equipment and vehicles The Contractor should also make use of the readily available labour for carrying out construction activities. Noise and Dust Avoid night time construction when Construction Contractor noise is loudest. Avoid night-time Supervising construction using heavy machinery, Engineer from 2200 to 0600hrs near residential areas. CWSB No discretionary use of noisy machinery within 50 m of residential areas and near institutions such as schools Good maintenance and proper operation of construction machinery to minimize noise generation. Where possible, ensure non mechanized construction to reduce the use of machinery Loss of flora and Re-plant the indigenous vegetation as Construction Contractor fauna much as practical once work is Supervisor – completed. project Engineer to Spare the vegetation that must not consult necessarily be removed such as trees. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-3 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact Minimize the amount of destruction KFS on appropriate caused by machinery by promoting non- replanting mechanized methods of construction. seedlings The Contractor should ensure that the Sub-County employees on site are aware of the Environmental company procedures for dealing with officer spills and leaks from oil storage Provision of dustbin and sanitation facilities within the Contractor’s camp. Public Health and Ensure that all construction machines and Construction Contractor Safety equipment are in good working Supervising conditions and to manufacturer’s Engineer specifications. CWSB Establish a Health and Safety Plan (HASP) for both civil and plumbing work. Appoint a trained health and safety team for the duration of the construction work. Provide workers with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Provide workers with adequate drinking water and breaks. Provide workers training on safety procedures and emergency. Roads passing through population centers will be water sprayed to reduce dust. Work to minimize or altogether eliminate mosquito breeding sites. Provide appropriate human and solid waste disposal facilities e.g. Toilets and dustbins at strategic points Cordon off the trenches being worked on to prevent potential injuries, in addition provide crossing points for locals across trenches to avoid accidents. Provide clean toilets for workers, these toilets will be to World Health Organisation standards. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-4 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact HIV and AIDS Sensitize workers and the surrounding Construction Contractor impacts communities on awareness, prevention Local and management of HIV/AIDS. Administration Use of existing clinics to provide VCT Public Health services to construction crew and Officer provision of ARVs for vulnerable community members Service Delivery Provide appropriate signage to warn Construction The Contractor Impacts motorists and other road users of the construction activities, diversion routes to ward off traffic accidents. The contractor should communicate any intended disruption of the services to enable the people to prepare. Areas being trenched to be temporarily cordoned off to avoid people and animals accidentally falling into open trenches. In the event that delivery trucks damage parts of the road, repair the spots in consultation with the local authorities. Gender Ensure equitable distribution of Construction The contractor empowerment employment opportunities between men The Supervising impacts and women Engineer Provide toilets and bathrooms for both CWSB male and female workers on site Cultural Heritage Use of “chance find” procedures by the Construction The Contractor contractor _ See Appendix 11.3 for County “Chance Find” procedures Government Child Labour and Ensure no children are employed on site Construction Contractor Protection in accordance with the law Supervising Ensure that any child sexual relations Engineer offenses among contractors' workers are Local promptly reported to the police Administration Gender Equity, The works contractor should be required, Construction Contractor Sexual Harassment under its contract, to prepare and enforce Supervising a No Sexual Harassment and Non- Engineer Discrimination Policy, in accordance with national law where applicable. Local Administration The contractor should prepare and implement a gender action plan, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-5 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact Liability for loss of Provision of PPE. Construction Contractor life, injury or damage The workers should receive requisite Supervising to private property training especially on the operation of the Engineer machinery and equipment There should be adequate warning and directional signs. Ensuring that the prepared code of conduct for staff is followed to prevent accidents. Develop a site safety action plan detailing safety equipment to be used, emergency procedures, restriction on site, frequency and personnel responsible for safety inspections and controls. Cordon off unsafe areas Provide first Aid kit within the construction site. Recording of all injuries that occur on site in the incident register, corrective actions for their prevention are instigated as appropriate. Contractor to ensure compliance with the Workmen's Compensation Act, ordinance regulations and union agreements. The Contractor to repair any damage done to private property. Generation of solid Provide adequate waste disposal Operation and Local WSP and liquid waste facilities. Ensure collection of all solid Maintenance waste from generation points, safe transportation to a central point where they are sorted out and safely disposed according to type to protect the environmental resources. Put in place adequate and efficient sanitary facilities for handling liquid waste especially waste water to protect the ocean from pollution. Come up with regular trash collection system in the site areas so as to avoid accumulation of waste. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-6 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental / Project stage Mitigation Action Plan Responsibility Social Impact In the long term the respective WSPs should invest in a waste water collection and treatment system for Kilifi County to ensure proper handling of waste water. This would also help in protecting local environment from possible contamination with direct sewage. Impact on Water Wastewater will be channeled to the Operation and Local WSP Resources sewerage system if available or Maintenance constructed septic tanks. Pit latrines can be used where sewerage system is not available or where construction of septic tank is not feasible. All solid waste will be collected from generation points, safely transported to the central place where it is sorted out by type and then safely disposed according to type. Socio-Economic A tariff system will have to be looked Operation and Local WSP Impacts into by making use of WASREB’s tariff Maintenance policy for providing sustainable and affordable water supply. Decommissioning of After Consultation with the local De-Commissioning Contractor Contractor’s Site administration and Client, identify the CWSB best use for the Contractor’s Camp Local Administration 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN The purpose of the Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan (ESMP) for the proposed project is to initiate a mechanism for implementing mitigation measures for the potential negative environmental impacts and monitor the efficiency of these mitigation measures based on relevant environmental indicators. The Environmental and Social Mitigation and Management Plan in Chapter 7.2 above identified certain roles and responsibilities for different stakeholders for implementation, supervision and monitoring. The objectives of the ESMP therefore are:  To ensure that the recommendations in the approved ESIA report are adhered to by the various institutions  To ensure that the environmental and social mitigation and their enhancement actions are well understood and communicated to all involved stakeholders.  To ensure that the proposed environmental and social remedial measures are implemented during the project execution stage  To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental and social remedial measures  To evaluate the effectiveness of various evaluation techniques and procedures Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-7 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017  To provide the Proponent and the relevant Lead Agencies with a framework to confirm compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Conversely, environmental monitoring provides feedback about the actual environmental impacts of the project. Monitoring results help judge the success of mitigation measures in protecting the environment. They are also used to ensure compliance with environmental standards, and to facilitate any needed project design or operational changes. A monitoring program, backed up by powers to ensure corrective action when the monitoring results show it necessary, is a proven way to ensure effective implementation of mitigation measures. By tracking the project’s actual impacts, monitoring reduces the environmental risks associated with the project, and allows for project modifications to be made where required. Table 7-2 presents the indicators that will be used to monitor the implementation of the pipeline project. The indicators are selected based on the project and major anticipated impacts. A quarterly monitoring report will be prepared in compliance with NEMA standards and regulations, based on the monitoring carried out as specified in Table 7-2 below: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-8 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Table 7-2: Proposed Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan Environmental Frequency of Area /Social Performance Indicators Monitoring Requirements Responsibility Monitoring Component Contractors Land take The land acquired for each Number of people compensated CWSB Biweekly campsite component for land, structures and Number of structures livelihood. demolished Compensation details Number of complaints on Meetings with affected compensation. communities Noise Number of complaints Environmental Liaise with other stakeholders. Monthly Distance from human Documentation on complaints Supervisor settlements about noise Contractor Limit of acceptable noise standard issued by NEMA Air pollution Number of complaints on Physical inspection Monthly dust nuisance Interview residents including Environmental Distance from human workers Supervisor settlements Liaise with other stakeholders Water pollution Number of complaints on Level of complaints Monthly pollution of water by Physical inspection Environmental downstream users Supervisor Obstruction of waterways Occupational Healthy and safety Documentation Weekly Health and awareness among staff Interviews with workers and Contractor Safety management Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-9 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental Frequency of Area /Social Performance Indicators Monitoring Requirements Responsibility Monitoring Component Number of accidents and Liaise with other stakeholders fatalities Number of HIV awareness campaign meetings held Outpatient attendance register First aid facilities in place Compliance with Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA) Solid and liquid Presence or absence of Physical inspection of site and Environmental Monthly wastes scattered litter. sanitation facilities Supervisor Flow of wastewater on the Documentation in grievance Contractor ground surface register Level of complaints on hygienic conditions and pollution of water sources. Child Labour Presence of Minors on Site Physical inspection of campsite Environmental Monthly and Protection Complaints raised in this Interviews with local Supervisor regard administration and schools on Contractor any attendance discrepancies as a result of site visits Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-10 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental Frequency of Area /Social Performance Indicators Monitoring Requirements Responsibility Monitoring Component Gender Equity, Complaints logs on with Interview residents including Environmental Monthly Sexual regards to any harassment workers Supervisor Harassment Police/chief reports on any Review of any cases of sexual Contractor sexual harassment cases harassment Contractor’s Public health Prevalence rates of Physical inspection Environmental Monthly Camp and safety common diseases. Documentation Number of Supervisor Provision of condoms, complaints, on accumulation of contraceptives and solid and liquid waste. mosquito nets. Interview with residents Conduction of campaign meetings on transmission of diseases like HIV/AIDS and other STDs. Availability of adequate solid waste bins. System of safe disposal of both solid and liquid waste in place. Availability of first aid facilities. Outpatient attendance registers. Compliance with the Health and Safety Act. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-11 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental Frequency of Area /Social Performance Indicators Monitoring Requirements Responsibility Monitoring Component Log of Accidents on site Solid and liquid Presence of scattered litter. Physical inspection Monthly wastes Signs of obstruction of Number of complaints. Environmental water courses. Supervisor Contractor Child Labour Presence of Minors on Site Physical inspection of campsite Environmental Monthly and Protection Complaints raised in this Interviews with local Supervisor regard administration and schools on Contractor any attendance discrepancies as a result of site visits Gender Equity, Complaints logs on with Interview residents including Environmental Monthly Sexual regards to any harassment workers Supervisor Harassment Police/chief reports on any Review of any cases of sexual Contractor sexual harassment cases harassment Pipeline route Solid and liquid Scattered litter Physical inspection Monthly wastes Signs of obstruction of Number of complaints Environmental water ways. Supervisor Flow of wastewater on the Contractor ground surface. Provision of sanitary facilities to the construction crews. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-12 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental Frequency of Area /Social Performance Indicators Monitoring Requirements Responsibility Monitoring Component Land, Changes in the value of Physical inspection Quarterly Population land. Liaise with other stakeholders CWSB growth, Changes in type of housing. Migration and settlements Population growth and ethnic composition. New settlements established and migration closer to the pipelines. Noise Level of noise generated. Contractor Liaise with other stakeholders. Monthly Environmental Provision of PPE. Documentation on complaints Supervisor Compliance with existing about noise noise standard issued by NEMA. Air pollution Level of dust generated. Physical inspection Environmental Monthly Provision of PPE. Interview residents including Supervisor workers Liaise with other stakeholders All Social and School dropout rate. Physical inspection Environmental Monthly Economy Supervisor Employment created Records from the ministry of directly and indirectly for Education men and women. Employment records New businesses established. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-13 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental Frequency of Area /Social Performance Indicators Monitoring Requirements Responsibility Monitoring Component Prevalence of unplanned new developments Increased income leading to better living standards. Improved health due to access to potable water. Reduction of water borne diseases. Increase in school enrolment of school going age children. Improved school attendance by pupils and student Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-14 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 7.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS Table 7-2 above, shows the performance indicators as part of the monitoring plan. Some of these indicators will be as a result of grievances raised by stakeholders. This section identifies the procedures in which stakeholders can present their grievances for redress. The Consultant proposes that the Supervising Engineer’s office be in charge of collecting and forwarding the grievances to the relevant authority of redress. The filing of grievances for accurate record keeping is important. If the complainant is not able to express his/her complaint in writing, he/she can be assisted by a local leader (Area Chief) to file the complaint at the complaints desk in the project office. To ease follow-up, each complaint will be registered and assigned a unique reference number. The office will then evaluate the application and determine what implementing agency will resolve the issue. The figure below shows a sample of a complaint form: Figure 7-1: Table Showing a Sample Grievance Form Grievance Form Issue Ref. Description of Proposed Redress Resolved No. PAP Name Date Grievance Measure (Y/N) These records will be reviewed by the environmental supervisor who will ensure grievances have been redressed. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 7-15 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION COST ESTIMATES The cost of some of the proposed mitigation measures will have been included in the main engineering Bills of Quantities and therefore need not be included in the Environmental mitigation costs. These costs will also include cost of supervision for implementation of mitigation measures. Table 8-1 shows cost estimates for environmental mitigation. The brief description of the items is for identification purposes and does not supersede or modify the detailed descriptions of works in other sections of this report. Table 8-1: Cost Estimates for Environmental Mitigation Unit Price S/No. Item description Unit Quantity Item Cost (KES) (KES) Emergency measures in case of 1 LS 1 300,000.00 300,000.00 accidental oil spill Emergency measures in case of 2 LS 1 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 accidental water contamination On completion of construction 3 works, reinstatement of ground for Ha 10 200,000.00 2,000,000.00 vegetation regeneration Provide waste collection bins at strategic points within the Contractor’s camp, and along the 4 No. 100 2,000.00 200,000.00 pipeline to ensure that all solid wastes are transported to a place of safe disposal Provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to the construction 5 set 800 5,000.00 4,000,000.00 crew – helmets, overalls, gum boots, earplugs and dust masks. Sensitize workers and the surrounding community on awareness, prevention and management of HIV/AIDS and other 6 STDs through staff training, LS 1 4,000,000.00 4,000,000.00 awareness campaign, media, and sign boards in local languages, workshops and during public Barazas. In collaboration with the Ministry of 7 Health fund existing VCT centres No. 4 500,000.00 2,000,000.00 located nearby Provide condom dispensers at 8 appropriate locations within the LS 1 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 Contractor’s camp Provide both male and female toilets 9 No. 20 100,000.00 2,000,000.00 at strategic points within the site Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 8-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Unit Price S/No. Item description Unit Quantity Item Cost (KES) (KES) 10 Spraying Mosquito breeding sites LS 1 500,000.00 500,000.00 Provide signage at construction sites 11 LS 1 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 to control traffic to avoid accidents Formulate a Healthy and Safety Management Plan, train workers on 12 health and safety procedures and LS 1 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00 emergency response in case of a fire outbreak, and other risks Environmental supervision, 13 monitoring, and evaluation over a Months 18 300,000.00 5,400,000.00 period of 18 calendar months Provisional sum to be spent as directed by the Engineer on 14 LS 1 3,000,000.00 3,000,000.00 miscellaneous environmental issues like sampling and testing TOTAL 29,900,000.00 These costs should be included to the Bill of Quantities of the project and should be made available to the Contractor for implementation of the mitigation measures. In order to ensure the ESMMP is implemented, provision has been made for this supervision. The Client can either carry out the works in house or engage the services of an Environmental Auditor to monitor the works. . Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 8-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9.1 CONCLUSION As has been alluded in this report, the following can be said in summary. The implementation of the proposed Water Supply Project has the following benefits: There will be an increased supply of clean water to Kilifi and Gongoni towns and along the pipeline routes. This will in turn lead to an improvement in the public health of the population due to the reduction of water related ailments. The water supply to communities through off-takes and pipeline extension will reduce the time required and distance travelled to fetch water. This time so availed can be used in other economic activities thus enhancing the quality of life and living standards in the project area. Employment and skills transfer opportunities will be created for the local population; this will improve the general socio-economic wellbeing of the community The negative environmental impacts identified are mostly confined to the construction phase of the project. Mitigation measures proposed are adequate and will be monitored and evaluated during project implementation. 9.2 RECOMMENDATIONS The recommendations and issues which arose from public participation and consultation in terms of questionnaires have been effectively highlighted and incorporated in the report after the said public participation and consultation meetings were held. The ESIA concludes that the project will have substantial positive environmental benefits. It will supply sufficient potable water to meet projected future demands of domestic and other uses in the project area. The adverse impacts on the physical and natural environment will be “in sum total,” not significant, and can be handled through the recommended mitigation measures. There are incremental costs required to achieve these. Compensation for direct land take, demolition of structures and livelihood will be done through a detailed Resettlement Action Plan. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 9-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 10 REFERENCES Republic of Kenya (2004), State of Environment Report, NEMA, Nairobi Republic of Kenya (2004), District Environment Profile, NEMA, Nairobi Republic of Kenya, Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA, 1999), Government Printer, Nairobi Republic of Kenya, Water Act (2002), Government Printer, Nairobi Republic of Kenya, Water Supply Design Manual (MWI, 2005), Government Printer, Nairobi Republic of Kenya, Public Health Act, Cap 242, Government Printer, Nairobi. Republic of Kenya, Environmental Impact Assessment/Audit Regulations 2003, (Legal Notice No.101) Government Printer, Nairobi The Government Fisheries Protection Act The Constitution of Kenya 2010 The Land Act, No. 6 of 2012 World Bank Operational Policies Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 10-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 11 APPENDICES 11.1 ESIA HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-3 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-4 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 11.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION SUMMARY 11.2.1 Public Consultation Minutes 1) Minutes of the Public Consultation Meeting Held at Kilifi Chief’s Camp On 24th May 2016 at 9.45am Present • Eng. Dr. Zablon Oonge – Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Marion Orina - Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Francis Moturi - Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Hope Makalo – CWSB representative • Simon Mwakudza – Kilifi Water and Sewerage Company • Dickson Mae – Senior Chief Tezo • Kahindi Benjamin Kopi – Chief Kilifi Township • General Public Introductions The meeting started at 9.45 am with a word of prayer from one of the participants and both chiefs chaired the meeting. The Chief of Kilifi Township welcomed the team to Kilifi and introduced the Consultants, CWSB representative and Kilifi Water and Sewerage Company representative to the attendees. He then invited the consultant to give his presentation. Presentation on Project by the Consultant The Consultant gave a presentation of the proposed project, its scope, and the laws governing the Environmental and Social Process as well as the need to conduct public consultation meetings. The Consultant explained the various impacts that may result from the project, throughout the project duration (planning, construction, operation and decommissioning), including displacement of PAPs. He explained that there would be two pipelines that would start at the Kakuyuni Water tank, the first one would end at Kilifi Town via the B8 road, whereas the other line would end at Gongoni via the same road. He further added that they had visited the site in order to carry out a RAP and ESIA, citing that the meeting was now being held to disseminate information on the findings of the ESIA and RAP, including the fact that resettlement had been minimized due to the fact that the pipelines would use the existing road reserves. He further explained all the mitigation measures put in place in view of the anticipated disturbances and assured the public that in case the contractor fails to adhere with the regulations put in place, they could address their complaints to the resident engineer in place for relevant action to be taken. Presentation by the Kilifi Water and Sewerage Company Mr. Mwakudza stated that he had been working with the water sector throughout the country. He stated that even he, who was a resident of Kilifi would greatly benefit from the project since Kilifi currently does not have a dedicated pipeline to serve its residents. He stated that Kilifi currently relies on an offtake pipe from the main Baricho – Mombasa Pipeline, thus they were not the priority in the water supply and hence have their flows throttled on occasion when Mombasa needed more water. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-5 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Questions, Answers and Feedback The Consultant then invited the attendees to raise whatever issues they had, in order to have full knowledge on the project. Q1.Kazungu Kahindi from Kibaoni stated that he was happy with the project, adding that it was a step towards was progress. He also expressed joy at the fact that the project would have minimal resettlement. He asked how far the pipeline was from the centre of the road, stating that the road reserve was initially 40m and is now 60m. He asked if that would affect the people along the roadside. The Consultant explained that the B8 had a road reserve of 60m adding that reserve was to ensure all public services were housed within it. Thus the pipeline would not encroach into any private land, however a few shops within the road reserves would be affected. However the design ensured minimal resettlement. Q2.Rukia Raphael Thoya from Kibaoni – thanked CWSB for the project and stated that Kilifi is water scarce. She wanted to know if sewerage services would be provided to deal with the increased waste water that would be as a result of the increased water supply. The Consultant stated that the sewerage was a future project and a new consultant would be hired to design the system. He just stated that with the improved water services, there would be a need for the provision of sewerage services, for which a consultant needed to be procured. Q3.Mama Agnes Ngamba (Village Elder) from Kamwango - raised concern over the sewage problem that would arise from the increased water. She wanted to know what services would be provided. The Consultant again stated that the sewerage was a future project and a new consultant would be hired to design the system. He just stated that with the improved water services, there would be a need for the provision of sewerage services, for which a consultant needed to be procured. Q4.Robert Thoya from Mwezangombe – expressed relief that the project would avoid resettlement of PAPs however wanted to know if there would be compensation for any affected land. The Consultant stated there would be compensation for those affected by the project, however the pipelines would be located within the road reserve in order to minimize resettlement and land acquisition. The road reserve was adequate to house the project. Q5.Kazungu Kahindi from Kibaoni thanked the consultant for his proposal to employ the local youth to work on the project. He stated that it was a very important point to note, and urged that the proposal be implemented during the construction supervision. The Consultant concurred with the point. Conclusion and Closing Remarks The Consultant then asked the participants if they approved of the project and were willing to allow it to proceed, and by a show of hands the participants approved of the project. The Consultant thanked them for their attendance and their feedback and assured them that their opinions would be forwarded to the Client for action. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-6 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 The Senior Chief of Tezo thanked the participants for attending the meeting stating his happiness that the government had taken an initiative of disseminating information to the locals who may not have had engineering education. This dissemination he added was important in ensuring the locals bought into the project and owned it. The MCA’s PA reiterated the chief’s comments and stated that water would greatly help the people in Tezo. The meeting ended with a word of prayer at 11.00 am. 2) Minutes of the Public Consultation Meeting Held at Zowerani Chief’s Camp Zowerani On 24th May 2016 At 12 Noon Present • Eng. Dr. Zablon Oonge – Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Marion Orina - Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Francis Moturi - Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Hope Makalo – CWSB representative • Tecla Chai – Senior Assistant Chief Zowerani • Lawrence Maitha – Chief Roca • General Public Introductions The meeting started at 12.00 noon with a word of prayer from one of the participants and was chaired by the Senior Assistant Chief who welcomed the team to Zowerani and introduced the Consultants and the CWSB representative to the attendees. She then invited the consultant to give his presentation. Presentation on Project by the Consultant The Consultant gave a presentation of the proposed project, its scope, and the laws governing the Environmental and Social Process as well as the need to conduct public consultation meetings. The Consultant explained the various impacts that may result from the project, throughout the project duration (planning, construction, operation and decommissioning), including displacement of PAPs. He explained that there would be two pipelines that would start at the Kakuyuni Water tank, the first one would end at Kilifi Town via the B8 road, whearas the other line would end at Gongoni via the same road. He further added that they had visited the site in order to carry out a RAP and ESIA, citing that the meeting was now being held to disseminate information on the findings of the ESIA and RAP, including the fact that resettlement had been minimized due to the fact that the pipelines would use the existing road reserves. He further explained all the mitigation measures put in place in view of the anticipated disturbances and assured the public that in case the contractor fails to adhere with the regulations put in place, they could address their complaints to the resident engineer in place for relevant action to be taken. Questions, Answers and Feedback The Consultant then invited the attendees to raise whatever issues they had, in order to have full knowledge on the project. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-7 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Q1.Ngala Mwangangi from Zowerani asked if the pipeline would be on both sides of the road. The Senior Assistant Chief stated that the pipeline would be on the Left Hand Side of the B8 highway from Gede towards, Kilifi. Q2.Chigiri Kiti from Zowerani asked if land owners bordering the pipelines would be given an allowance protect the pipe from illegal connections and vandalism. He also asked if the PAPs should benefit with direct water. The Consultant explained that the pipelines were located entirely within the road reserve and that the water would benefit all thus there was no need to vandalise it, adding that it was the role of every resident to ensure proper care of public assets. He further added that there would be offtakes from the main pipeline to serve communities along the pipeline, pointing out that individual connections could not be connected to the main line. Q3.Mr. Jambo Sadi from Zowerani wanted to know if there would be notices for recruitment for jobs for the locals. He also wanted to know when the project would start. The Consultant stated that a Contractor had already been appointed to carry out the works, the only issues that were pending were the release of funds from the Financier as well as a permit from NEMA. Those issues were out of the hands of CWSB, however as soon as the issues were dealt with the project construction would start. Concerning Job notices, the Consultant explained that the Job opportunity notifications, were the prerogative of the Contractor, however he stated that good contractors would employ the services of the local administration (Chiefs) in sourcing for labour, so as to ensure a good working relationship with the locals. Q4.Jacob Kazungu from Wesa wanted to know if the residents within the affected location away from the main pipeline would get water. He urged CWSB to consider them in the provision. The CWSB representative stated that CWSB would provide the main infrastructure, however distribution networks would have to be provided through the local water service provider company to provide distribution networks to the locals. The Senior Assistant Chief added that the locals should let the main line be constructed then they would lobby for distribution lines once water had been provided. Conclusion and Closing Remarks The Consultant then asked the participants if they approved of the project and were willing to allow it to proceed, and by a show of hands the participants approved of the project. The Consultant thanked them for their attendance and their feedback and assured them that their opinions would be forwarded to the Client for action. The Chief of Roca apologized for arriving late, however expressed joy in the project and CWSB listening to the opinion of the people. The meeting ended with a word of prayer at 1.30 pm. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-8 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 3) Minutes of the Public Consultation Meeting Held at Gede Chief’s Camp On 24th May 2016 At 3.00 pm Present • Eng. Dr. Zablon Oonge – Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Marion Orina - Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Francis Moturi - Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Hope Makalo – CWSB representative • Renson Baya –Assistant Chief Gede • Lenny K. Shauri – Assistant Chief Gede • Farida Gharama – Assistant Chief Kakuyuni • Samson Mwarimbo – Assistant Chief Majaoni • Arnold Masha – Ward Representative Gede • General Public Introductions The meeting started at 3.00pm with a word of prayer from one of the participants and was chaired by Renson Baya (Assistant Chief Gede) who welcomed the team to Gede and introduced the Consultants and the CWSB representative to the attendees. He then invited the consultant to give his presentation. Presentation on Project by the Consultant The Consultant gave a presentation of the proposed project, its scope, and the laws governing the Environmental and Social Process as well as the need to conduct public consultation meetings. The Consultant explained the various impacts that may result from the project, throughout the project duration (planning, construction, operation and decommissioning), including displacement of PAPs. He explained that there would be two pipelines that would start at the Kakuyuni Water tank, the first one would end at Kilifi Town via the B8 road, whearas the other line would end at Gongoni via the same road. He further added that they had visited the site in order to carry out a RAP and ESIA, citing that the meeting was now being held to disseminate information on the findings of the ESIA and RAP, including the fact that resettlement had been minimized due to the fact that the pipelines would use the existing road reserves. He further explained all the mitigation measures put in place in view of the anticipated disturbances and assured the public that in case the contractor fails to adhere with the regulations put in place, they could address their complaints to the resident engineer in place for relevant action to be taken. Questions, Answers and Feedback The Consultant then invited the attendees to raise whatever issues they had, in order to have full knowledge on the project. Q1.Lawrence Karissa Shindo (Athman Mohammed Shindo) from Kakuyuni stated that he was a PAP from a previous pipeline project under Coast Water Services Board. With the commencement of a new project he requested that grievances should be addressed in a timely and amicable manner to ensure seamless implementation of the project. The Consultant noted the concern and stated that he would forward the participant’s concern to CWSB. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-9 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Q2.Immanuel Baha from Kakuyuni stated that there was a meeting at the end of 2015 to emphasize the importance of grievance redress mechanisms, in participation was a team from CWSB. He added that feedback on progress of any issues raised during public consultation meetings critical for amicable solutions to be arrived at. The Consultant stated that he would forward the participant’s observation to CWSB. Q3.Immanuel Kalama from Mida stated that water was important to the community and proceeded to ask the following questions. Firstly, he raised the concern that many of the residents at water sources were rarely considered in the water supply with the water supply being concentrated on the supply urban centres, he wanted to know if the design of the Kakuyuni Kilifi pipeline was intended only for the people of Kilifi or to supply the people of the rural areas enroute to Kilifi. Secondly he raised concern over the fact that he had a title deed that stated that his land overlapped with the current road reserve, he asked if he would be compensated for land based on this issue. Finally, he asked if there would be compensation for trees and crops. The Consultant explained that the new pipeline was designed to serve both the urban and rural population in Kilifi and surrounding areas. He further explained when the roads were delineated at 60m, he should have been compensated at that time to make up for the land take, and advised the participant to take up the issue with KeNHA and the ministry of lands. Finally the Consultant assured the participants that there would be compensation for affected trees and crops, based on the age and type of the crops. Q4.Morris Thoya Ndolo, Joachim Sulubu Thoya and Halima Mohammed Issa from Kakuyuni all expressed the same concerns as the first and second participants and urged the Consultant to forward their observations to CWSB in order to ensure quick grievance redress in the new project. The Consultant stated their concerns would be forwarded to CWSB for quick resolution. Q5.Nelson Kahindi Mwiru from Mida asked if the pipeline would be located within the 60m road reserve or a new reserve would be needed for the pipeline. The Consultant explained that the proposed pipeline would be located within the 60m road reserve. Q6.Dama Angore stated that she had two parcels of land at Gede Majaoni and Mida Majaoni, which were along the road, she wanted to know if she would be compensated for both. The Consultant reiterated that the project would be located within the road reserve and not on private land, however if any structure, tree, crop, etc. were affected and were within the road reserve, she would be compensated. Q7.Mohammed Ibrahim from Mida wanted to know if the road reserve was 40m or 60m, also wanting to know what some red markings along the road indicated. He also echoed that grievances be redressed in a timely manner with feedback from the board getting to the people. Finally, he wanted to know which side of the road the pipeline would be. The Consultant explained that the markings were to assist in the road surveys and the beacons on the side of the road were the true mark of the end of the road reserve. He also explained that the main Malindi Highway was 60m and that the pipeline would be on the right hand side of the road and cross over to the left hand side of the road at Matsangoni in the direction of Kilifi. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-10 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Conclusion and Closing Remarks The Assistant Chief from Kakuyuni apologized for arriving late, but was content that all issues had been raised and urged the Consultant to inform CWSB that grievance redress mechanisms must be put in place. The Consultant then asked the participants if they approved of the project and were willing to allow it to proceed. The participants stated that they had approved the current project on condition that their grievances redress mechanisms be implemented in the project. Thus the Consultant stated that he would forward their observations to CWSB for quick action. The meeting ended with a word of prayer at 5.00 pm. 4) Minutes of the Public Consultation Meeting Held at Sabaki Primary on 25th May 2016 at 10.00 am Present • Eng. Dr. Zablon Oonge – Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Marion Orina - Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Francis Moturi - Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Hope Makalo – CWSB representative • Francis Fondo – Assistant Chief Sabaki • General Public Absent with Apologies • Bartholomew Kitunga – Chief Ganda Introductions The meeting started at 10.00am with a word of prayer from one of the participants and was chaired by the Assistant Chief of Sabaki who welcomed the team to the area and introduced the Consultants and the CWSB representative to the attendees. He then invited the consultant to give his presentation. Presentation on Project by the Consultant The Consultant gave a presentation of the proposed project, its scope, and the laws governing the Environmental and Social Process as well as the need to conduct public consultation meetings. The Consultant explained the various impacts that may result from the project, throughout the project duration (planning, construction, operation and decommissioning), including displacement of PAPs. He explained that there would be two pipelines that would start at the Kakuyuni Water tank, the first one would end at Kilifi Town via the B8 road, whearas the other line would end at Gongoni via the same road. He further added that they had visited the site in order to carry out a RAP and ESIA, citing that the meeting was now being held to disseminate information on the findings of the ESIA and RAP, including the fact that resettlement had been minimized due to the fact that the pipelines would use the existing road reserves. He further explained all the mitigation measures put in place in view of the anticipated disturbances and assured the public that in case the contractor fails to adhere with the regulations put in place, they could address their complaints to the resident engineer in place for relevant action to be taken. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-11 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Questions, Answers and Feedback The Consultant then invited the attendees to raise whatever issues they had, in order to have full knowledge on the project. Q1.Elijah Ewinji Mae from Sabaki wanted to know how the people would show their support for the project. He also wanted to know how far the pipeline was from the road, and also wanted to know if there would be employment opportunities for locals. The Consultant explained that the people would show their support for their project by a show of hands at the end of the meeting. The engineer explained that the road reserve was 40m and that the pipeline would be within the 40m, while trying not to affect too many structures. Concerning the jobs, the Consultant explained that the Contractor would source the local authorities. Q2.Alex Mungao Ngundo wanted to know what the source of water would be, he asked if the new wells would be located at Lango Baya or throughout the Sabaki and Ganda areas. The Consultant explained that the additional wells to provide water would be located at Lango Baya, and the water directed to the Kakuyuni water tanks for transmission to Kilifi and Gongoni while serving the surrounding areas. Q3.Daniel Mukare was worried about the fact that majority of the people in the area did not have title deeds and enquired if they would they be compensated. He also wanted to know if he could get a water kiosk during the implementation of the project. The Consultant explained that the local leaders (chiefs, village elders, etc.) would corroborate the ownership of any structure/tree/crop/business, etc. and compensation would occur, adding that the pipelines would not pass within private land. The Chief also explained that MAWASCO was in charge of assigning water kiosks. Q4.Ngoha Mwariga stated that he was there representing his employer who was a PAP, and wanted to know if his affected wall would be demolished. The Consultant assured him that if any development was affected it would be compensated before construction began. Q5.Omar Gabo stated that he was a caretaker of a parcel of land for over 20 years with his employer being very far away and had been making developments on the land, he enquired if he would be compensated or his employer would be compensated. The Consultant explained that if the employee had made any development and the area Chief corroborated the information, the employee would be compensated, however if the developments were carried out by the land owner, the land owner would be compensated. Q6.Mwaringa Ngoa stated that if the PAP in Q4’s wall was within the road reserve, it should be taken down instead of avoiding it to save costs. The Chief explained any development that was within the pipeline route would have to be brought down to accommodate the pipeline. Conclusion and Closing Remarks The Assistant Chief thanked the stakeholders for attending the meeting and making it a success. He expressed his satisfaction with the fact that the project organizers came and talked to the locals and seek their approval for the project. He hoped that all the stakeholders would benefit from the project. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-12 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 The Consultant then asked the participants if they approved of the project and were willing to allow it to proceed, and by a show of hands the participants approved of the project. The Consultant thanked them for their attendance and their feedback and assured them that their opinions would be forwarded to the Client for action. The meeting ended with a word of prayer at 11.30am. 5) Minutes of the Public Consultation Meeting Held at Gongoni DC’s Office on 25th May 2016 at 12.30 pm Present • Eng. Dr. Zablon Oonge – Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Marion Orina - Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Francis Moturi - Zamconsult Consulting Engineers (Consultant) • Hope Makalo – CWSB representative • Julius Hiribai – Senior Chief Gongoni • Basheikh Hussein – Senior Assistant Chief Gongoni • General Public Introductions The meeting started at 12.30pm with a word of prayer from one of the participants and was chaired by the Senior Assistant Chief who welcomed the team to the area and introduced the Consultants and the CWSB representative to the attendees. He then invited the consultant to give his presentation. Presentation on Project by the Consultant The Consultant gave a presentation of the proposed project, its scope, and the laws governing the Environmental and Social Process as well as the need to conduct public consultation meetings. The Consultant explained the various impacts that may result from the project, throughout the project duration (planning, construction, operation and decommissioning), including displacement of PAPs. He explained that there would be two pipelines that would start at the Kakuyuni Water tank, the first one would end at Kilifi Town via the B8 road, whearas the other line would end at Gongoni via the same road. He further added that they had visited the site in order to carry out a RAP and ESIA, citing that the meeting was now being held to disseminate information on the findings of the ESIA and RAP, including the fact that resettlement had been minimized due to the fact that the pipelines would use the existing road reserves. He further explained all the mitigation measures put in place in view of the anticipated disturbances and assured the public that in case the contractor fails to adhere with the regulations put in place, they could address their complaints to the resident engineer in place for relevant action to be taken. Questions, Answers and Feedback The Consultant then invited the attendees to raise whatever issues they had, in order to have full knowledge on the project. Q1.Paul Mwandoye from Dodoma wanted to know if the pipeline that was done the previous year was the same project as this one. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-13 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 The Consultant explained that that was a different pipeline and the proposed Kakuyuni Gongoni Pipeline was a whole different project. Q2.Samuel Yaa Baya from Dodoma wanted to know why the pipeline was passing along the road instead of cutting across through private land to Gongoni, which would shorten the distance of the pipeline. The Consultant explained that the road reserve would be used for the pipeline instead of private land due to reduced land acquisition. Thus ensuring reduced project stalling due to way leave acquisition. Q3.James Mramba from Borabora stated that he lived near Marereni and wanted to know if he would have access to the water. The Consultant explained that the pipeline was a main pipeline from which a gravity distribution network would be established. Q4.Nasir Auni from Gongoni wanted to know where the tank would be located and if it would be on private land, would the Board acquire it. He also made an enquiry about the poor quality of water currently being received in the area, where the water was sometimes red and caused water borne diseases, he wanted to know the cause of the contamination. He wanted to know if forms of consent of the project would be taken around or their opinions of the attendees would be adequate. He added that the attendees of the meeting should be considered for free connections to water. The Consultant explained that a site had been found for the tanks, and thus the process for acquiring was on going. The Consultant further added that the water coming from Baricho would be treated before distribution to the people, as such the people would receive clean and potable water. A participant also explained that the pipe had some bursts and thus soil was entering the pipes and could be causing the pollution. The engineer noted the issue. Q5.Abdalla Salim Dodoni A wanted to know what would happen to those who have land agreements and haven’t gotten their title deeds yet. Would there be compensation? The Consultant explained that the local administration would be there to verify land ownership, however with the exception of the tank site, there would be no land acquisition since the pipelines would be located within the existing road reserve. Q6.Omar Fondo from Dodoma requested that a water supply be provided in Dodoma. The Consultant stated that he would forward the request to MAWASCO after the establishment of the main line. The Assistant chief also added that the CDF had plans of providing water to the said area as soon as funds were available. Q7.Jilo Onoto from Kokotoni stated that the locals did not have full knowledge on the extents of the road reserve, and had encroached on the road reserve. During the construction of the CDF line people lived in fear of the fact that their structures may be demolished. He asked if the new pipeline would demolish their shops. He further wanted to know if the design was done before or after the CDF project, stating that people had already made applications to MAWASCO, he wanted to know if that would interfere with the current project. The Consultant assured the locals that the current Design Engineer had instructed the Contractor to avoid permanent structures, however advised them to maintain the road reserve, since the governing body KeNHA would police their reserve. The Engineer Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-14 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 explained that the current project was bulk supply and individual connections would not be made from it, thus no conflict with the other project. Q8.Shehe Kazungu from Borabora asked if women would have a fair employment opportunity. The Consultant stated that recommendations in the ESIA report had been made for equal gender employment, and further informed that many of the construction projects in the country now were being done equally by women. Q9.Agnes Katana from Majengo Mapya asked if there would be water kiosks in the project. She also wanted to know when the project would start. The Consultant explained that MAWASCO would provide the distribution services including water kiosks to the people after the establishment of the main line and water tank. Concerning the commencement of construction, the Consultant stated that all that remained was for finances to be released as well as NEMA certificate. As soon as the two conditions were met, construction would begin. Q10. Benjamin Kahindi Nzingo raised concern over the fact that the pipeline passed near a cemetery, he wanted to know if it would be affected. The consultant clarified that the pipeline wouldn’t affect the cemetery. Q11. Fadhili Jelani requested that the pipeline use rural roads to access the tank sites. The Consultant noted the observation and stated that he would forward the request to CWSB who would discuss it with the Design Engineer. Q12. John Mweni asked if the project was only for Gongoni or for the entire Magarini as well. He expressed skepticism at the fact that areas higher than Gongoni would get water. He suggested that the hill at Magarini be used instead or Gongoni since it was very high and could serve a wider area. The Consultant explained the project had several tees to serve the local communities. He added that the project would provide a tank from which water will gravitate to the entire Magarini. The Consultant also explained that the design engineer must have looked at all possible options before arriving at his/her decision. He however noted the recommendation and would forward it to the Board. Conclusion and Closing Remarks The Senior Chief apologized for arriving late for the meeting stating that he had been dealing with an urgent matter. He then pointed out that Gongoni was water scarce and was in great need of water and as such everyone was in support of the project. He expressed happiness at the fact that those that were near the river (Sabaki) were finally benefitting from it The Consultant then asked the participants if they approved of the project and were willing to allow it to proceed, and by a show of hands the participants approved of the project. The Consultant thanked them for their attendance and their feedback and assured them that their opinions would be forwarded to the Client for action. The meeting ended with a word of prayer at 2.15pm. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-15 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 11.2.2 Public Consultation Attendance Lists PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST KILIFI TOWNSHIP 24TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number KAZUNGU 1 KAHINDI BUSINESSMAN KIBAONI TOWNSHIP 0722354410 ROWA RAPHAEL 2 THOYA BUSINESSMAN KIBAONI TOWNSHIP 0723754358 MIKE KARISA 3 LEWA BUSINESSMAN KIBAONI TOWNSHIP MARY K. 4 MLANDA BUSINESSMAN KOROSHONI TOWNSHIP 0715080858 5 NZINGO GOHU VILLAGE ELDER SOKONI TOWNSHIP 0711571637 6 KADZI KIDHII BUSINESSWOMAN KOROSHONI TOWNSHIP KATANA CHANGAWA 7 KAZOMBA BUSINESSMAN KOROSHONI TOWNSHIP 0705105022 8 JOHNSON KOPI BUSINESSMAN KOROSHONI TOWNSHIP 0718097181 EDWARD 9 KAHINDI BUSINESSMAN KOROSHONI TOWNSHIP 0718875348 CRISPER 10 KABIBI KITHI BUSINESSMAN KIWANDANI TOWNSHIP 0723556705 HILDA 11 KUVUNA BUSINESSWOMAN KIWANDANI TOWNSHIP 0702254489 ADULT EDUCATION 12 LOICE B. CHAI TEACHER MKOROSHONI TOWNSHIP 0712562248 ROBERT T. 13 THOYA BUSINESSMAN MWEZANG'OMBE TOWNSHIP 0772168905 ISSA M. 14 NDAGO EMPLOYED BOFA TOWNSHIP 0786394429 15 STEPHEN BIDII C.H.W DERA TOWNSHIP 0725595875 KAZUNGU 16 KAMANGA VILLAGE ELDER MUJIBU TOWNSHIP 0717025206 AGNES 17 NGAMBA VILLAGE ELDER KWAMWANGO TOWNSHIP 0731010800 NATHANIEL S. 18 KATANA VILLAGE ELDER KISUMUNDOGO TOWNSHIP 0729653009 KAHINDI BENJAMIN 19 KOPI BUSINESSMAN KISUMUNDOGO TOWNSHIP 0711854646 20 DICKSON MAE SENIOR CHIEF BLOCK 10 TOWNSHIP 0716740382 BIDII RENSON 21 KOMBE P.A. TEZO WARD TEZO NGERENYA 0714940959 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-16 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST KILIFI TOWNSHIP 24TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number 22 HOPE MAKALO CWSB MOMBASA MOMBASA 0720714708 MARION 23 ORINA ZAMCONSULT NAIROBI NAIROBI 0733806583 SIMON N. SUB-COUNTY 24 MWAKUDZA WATER OFFICER KILIFI KILIFI 0727313931 25 JUSTIN HAMISI KILIFI KILIFI 0719402762 KONGO 26 MATANO KILIFI KILIFI 0718749712 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST ZOWERANI 24TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number NGALA KAZUNGU 1 MWAGANDI CARPENTER TEZO NGERENYA 0725483655 2 KARISA KOMBE MASON ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0728256553 3 OLIVER MTENGO FARMER WESA NGERENYA 0702352706 KENNETH S. 4 KIDZUNGU BODABODA ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0701182233 5 CHIGIRI K. CHAPA ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0726926991 6 ALBERT MRIMA FARMER WESA NGERENYA 0732610105 BUSINESSMA 7 JAMBO JADI N ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0735527147 ALI H. BUSINESSMA 8 MOHAMMED N ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0718749641 MWAMU BUSINESSMA 9 MWAMBUNA N ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0729871255 BUSINESSMA 10 JAMES M. NYANJE N ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0712996884 KARISA FESTUS 11 THOYA DRIVER ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0732472283 CLEMENCE BUSINESSMA 12 MRIMA N ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0725059436 CRAFTSWOM 13 SOPHIA MATOLE AN ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0718195717 BENSON 14 SHUKRANI COMMUNITY 15 JACON KAZUNGU VOLUNTEER WESA NGERENYA 0726780927 ASSISTANT 16 TECLA CHAI CHIEF ZOWERANI NGERENYA 0729870168 LAWRENCE ASSISTANT 17 MAITHA CHIEF CHUMANI ROKA 0725805832 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-17 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 18 HARRY SHOKA AMBASSADOR CHUMANI ROKA 0728138701 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST GEDE 24TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number 1 PAUL NYOKA FISHERMAN MIDA MAJAONI 0792219560 2 JOHN B. BATILA FARMER MIDA GEDE 0736813539 MOHAMMED I. 3 HUSSEIN FARMER MIDA GEDE 0723637669 MOHAMMED 4 OMARI FARMER MIDA GEDE 0791983250 SAMUEL N. 5 JACKSON FARMER MIDA GEDE 0717432251 FATUMA 6 CHIVATSU FARMER MIDA GEDE 0792658247 DAMA ZIRO 7 WANJE FARMER MIDA GEDE ALI SALIM 8 MWARARA KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0713478408 JUMA KIBWANA 9 JUMA KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0725001526 10 SAID OMAR FARMER MKANGANI GEDE 0726055283 CHARO 11 KADZOMBA FARMER MKANGANI GEDE 0711893835 ATHMAN SALIM 12 ATHMAN FARMER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0707012895 13 MARTIN K. RITETE FARMER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0739930981 14 JOHN K. NDORO FARMER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0716654601 15 HALIMA CATHENA FARMER MIDA GEDE DAMA ANGORE 16 MRANJA FARMER MIJOMBONI GEDE 0722586689 HALIMA 17 MOHAMMED FARMER KAKUYUNI GEDE 0791782148 KIBWANA 18 MOHAMMED KAKUYUNI GEDE 0724936306 EMMANUEL P. 19 RAHA BAGOO GEDE 0723711632 MERCILYNE R. 20 MENZA FARMER MKANGANI GEDE 0723759556 SARAH D. 21 CHONDO FARMER MKANGANI GEDE 0722568206 SAUMU MENZA 22 KITHI FARMER MKANGANI GEDE 0702216777 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-18 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST GEDE 24TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number RACHEL CHENGO 23 KARISA FARMER MKANGANI GEDE 0716787780 AMBROSE 24 KALAMA FARMER MKANGANI GEDE 0720817934 25 VINCENT BAYA FARMER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0731421163 FRANCIS C. 26 SHINDO FARMER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0705039538 MAURICE T. 27 NDORO FARMER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0706425235 28 JOAKIM SULUHU FARMER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0703772824 ROBERT ALI 29 KARISA FARMER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 30 JOSEPH K. KALU FARMER MIDA GEDE 0725682898 DONALD S. 31 MWATETE MECHANIC MIDA GEDE 0725750661 32 NELSON K. MWIRU V. ELDER MIDA GEDE 0714101861 STEPHEN M. 33 SHOKA MIDA GEDE 0710843220 EMMANUEL K. 34 KALAMA APIARIST MIDA GEDE 0720678921 35 JULIUS KATANA FARMER MIDA GEDE MWAMUNGA KAE 36 KANYAMA V. ELDER MKANGANI GEDE 0710374713 MUMBA 37 NGUMBAO FARMER MKANGANI GEDE 0712577262 38 FAIZ SALIM DESIGNER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0725718824 FELIX FIKIRI 39 CHARO FARMER MIJOMBONI GEDE 0720075757 SAID KAPEMBE 40 RUWA KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0734973306 BAKARI AZIZI 41 OMAR KAKUYUNI GOSHI LAWRENCE 42 KARISA SHINDO FARMER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0713784777 ABDALLA SALIM 43 ATHAMN BUSINESSMAN KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0720470061 44 NURU BAKAR FARMER KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0732544291 MICHAEL BAYA 45 YAA ECO TOUR GUIDE MIDA GEDE 0790187841 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-19 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST GEDE 24TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number WARD 46 ARNOLD MASILA ADMINISTRATOR MKENGE GEDE 0729065459 47 LENNY K. SHAURI ASS. CHIEF MKENGE GEDE 0724017750 48 RENSON BAYA ASS. CHIEF MIDA GEDE 0735362414 SAMSON 49 MWARIMBO ASS. CHIEF MIJOMBONI GEDE 0710799530 FARIDA GHARAMA ASS. CHIEF 50 MAZRUI KAKUYUNI KAKUYUNI GOSHI 0731582888 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST SABAKI 25TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number HENRY JOSHUA 1 MALINGI V. ELDER SABAKI SABAKI 0724806711 MNTAPARA 2 NAJORO V. ELDER SABAKI SABAKI 0729464741 KALAMA MNGELA 3 EMMANUEL BODA SABAKI SABAKI 0727749142 SHADRACK 4 CHAMO ZIMDI EX V. ELDER SABAKI SABAKI 5 ANDERSON KINGI SABAKI SABAKI 0700179004 ANDERSON 6 KIBOHE KONDO V. ELDER SABAKI SABAKI 0725097536 FRANSISCO 7 KARISA DHURI SABAKI SABAKI 0735087720 8 ALBERT SABAKI SABAKI 9 ROBERT GONA SABAKI SABAKI 0715921379 LEVIS KAHINDI 10 CHENGO SABAKI SABAKI 0725006850 11 ALEX M. NGUMBO BALOZI SABAKI SABAKI 0724665772 12 THOMAS KASENA SABAKI SABAKI 0714608312 ELVIS MWALIMU 13 SAFARI SABAKI SABAKI 0719356278 EVANS SHIDA 14 CHENGO SABAKI SABAKI 0705510427 JONATHAN 15 MAITHA SIRYA SABAKI SABAKI 0727769313 16 JUSTUS MTAWALI SABAKI SABAKI 0710207321 17 THOYA NDIMBU SABAKI SABAKI 0718848503 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-20 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST SABAKI 25TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number 18 JONATHAN MBUI SABAKI SABAKI 0716418449 19 GEORGE KAPOMBE SABAKI SABAKI 0715033732 20 COLLINS KIRAGA SABAKI SABAKI 0704542288 21 SAFARI KITSAO SABAKI SABAKI 0732366820 22 JOSEPH KALUNGO MASONRY SABAKI SABAKI 0710905437 23 NELSON KALUGO MASONRY SABAKI SABAKI 0714748215 24 FADHILI HUSSEIN SABAKI SABAKI 0735511120 25 MORRIS KAZUNGU FARMER KATSANGANI SABAKI 0728467043 SAFARI 26 MWAKONDE FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 0710181404 27 KAZUNGU KATANA FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 0701040700 JACOB KALUME 28 KATANA FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 0714260325 KINGI KAHINDI 29 TETE EMPLOYED SABAKI SABAKI 0713160086 SHADRACK M. 30 MUTHOKA BUSINESSMAN SABAKI SABAKI 0721685485 D. 31 MICHAEL R. GAFAA HEADTEACHER SABAKI SABAKI 0726335240 MORRIS K. 32 MLANDA FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 0725141943 33 ZIRO WANJE FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 0738161502 BONIFACE M. 34 NDURE FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 0739553265 35 HAMIS SOUD FARMER MGURULENI GANDA 0710729457 36 HELEN MAKUTHA FARMER MGURULENI SABAKI 0728343821 37 LILIAN MAPENZI FARMER MGURULENI CENTRAL 0714483940 38 DAMA THETHE FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 39 JUMWA KESI FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 40 MARY T. NDIRO FARMER MGURULENI CENTRAL DAWA 41 MOHAMMED FARMER MGURULENI CENTRAL 42 KAFEDHA KARISA FARMER MGURULENI SABAKI DHAHABU 43 WAMBUA FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 44 MULUO CHARO FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 0714635640 45 DAMA MAKUTHA FARMER MGURULENI CENTRAL 46 ZAWADI KADENGE FARMER MGURULENI CENTRAL 47 ZAWADI NGALA FARMER MGURULENI CENTRAL 48 HIDAYA IDD FARMER MGURULENI CENTRAL Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-21 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST SABAKI 25TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number AGNESS K. 49 MWAMBIRE FARMER MGURULENI GANDA 50 SALAMA KHAMIS FARMER MGURULENI SABAKI KIKOMBETELE 51 DAVID C. BAYA V. ELDER 'B' SABAKI 0717362749 52 KHALIFA HILAM KASANGANI SABAKI 53 MORRIS CHARO FARMER KIKOMBETELE SABAKI 0732299761 54 ABDI SAID FARMER SABAKI MALINDI 0724326628 55 MASHA SALIM FARMER KIKOMBETELE SABAKI 0731256587 56 ROBERT KATANA FARMER KIKOMBETELE SABAKI 0792717221 57 DICKSON CHARO FARMER KIKOMBETELE SABAKI 58 CHRISTOPHER K.K. FARMER KIKOMBETELE SABAKI ALI SALIM 59 MOHAMMED ZIRO FARMER KIKOMBETELE SABAKI 0711413776 SALIM KAHINDI 60 KWICHA FARMER MGURULENI CENTRAL 0712217541 PHILIP KAHINDI 61 KAZUNGU FARMER KIKOMBETELE SABAKI 0720493840 62 PHILEMON ZIMBA FARMER KIKOMBETELE SABAKI 0725109743 63 MARGI KITSAO WATCHMAN KILIFI TEZO 0732299340 SIMEON MASHA 64 WANJE COOK SABAKI SABAKI 0715598736 HARRISON 65 KALUME KAREMA PHOTOGRAPHER SABAKI SABAKI 0723742790 66 JOHN KENGA TERI V. ELDER MGURULENI SABAKI 0723642037 JULIUS KENGA 67 KALUGO MASON SABAKI SABAKI 0713102172 68 NASSER HASSAN ENTREPRENEUR MGURULENI SABAKI 0719655677 69 DANIEL MUKARE MICARANI SABAKI 0705992998 70 FURAHA CHARO FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 0711490298 ANDREW FURAHA 71 KARISA TEACHER SABAKI SABAKI 0728840415 FATUMA 72 MOHAMMED FARMER MGURULENI SABAKI 73 SOFIA IDD FARMER MGURULENI SABAKI 74 REHEMA OMMAR FARMER MGURULENI SABAKI 75 DAMA NGONYO FARMER SABAKI 76 ESHA ABDHALLA FARMER SABAKI 77 KABII KOMBE FARMER SABAKI 78 REHEMA SONGORO FARMER MGURULENI 79 JOSEPH MWADUMA FARMER SABAKI 0728048686 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-22 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST SABAKI 25TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number 80 KELVIN KALUME FARMER SABAKI SABAKI REOPHENSE 81 MAPENZI FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 0718741356 82 BAHATI CHARO FARMER SABAKI SABAKI BENSON T. 83 KAPOMBE FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 84 KADZO KITSAO FARMER MGURULENI SABAKI 85 JUMWA IHA FARMER MGURULENI SABAKI 86 KALUME KAMBI FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 87 ISCA KADHILI FARMER SABAKI SABAKI 88 KINYALU KANJE FARMER SABAKI 0735479478 CONSTRUCTION 89 WILLIAM KINYALU TECH. SABAKI SABAKI 0735170615 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST GONGONI 25TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number EDWARD K. 1 KADENGE FARMER MIDODONI GONGONI 0728849712 CHARO K. 2 RANDO FARMER MIDODONI GONGONI 0700343566 PAUL NJERU CONSTRUCTION 3 NDWIGA TECH. MIDODONI GONGONI 0722621810 4 MARY YAA FARMER DODOMA GONGONI 5 KAZUNGU BAYA FARMER MARERENI MARERENI SAMUEL 6 BASHORA EX. CHIEF MAJENGO GONGONI 0701302342 MIDODONI 7 KAHINDI K. KITI WATCHMAN 'A' GONGONI 0707736808 8 KARISA NZIMBA FARMER GONGONI GONGONI 0719336274 MICHAEL 9 KAZUNGU DRIVER MIDODONI GONGONI 0731844961 KENGA SARDA GATE 10 THOYA ATTENDANCE MIDODONI GONGONI 0725624130 11 NGUA MZUNGU FARMER DODOMA GONGONI CLARIS 12 MWATSUMA V/ MOTHER KOKOTONI GONGONI 0719128188 MIDODONI 13 KAHASO KITSAO FARMER 'B' GONGONI Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-23 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST GONGONI 25TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number CHARO KENGA 14 MWAGANDI FARMER SABA-SABA GONGONI SHEHE KAZUNGU 15 THOYA FARMER BORABORA GONGONI 0713973867 TOYOTA 16 KAZUNGU TOUR GUIDE CENTRAL GONGONI 0735920801 MAJENGO 17 JUDE MAATHAI FARMER MAPYA GONGONI 0710135132 SAID BAKAR 18 OMAR V. ELDER GONGONI GONGONI 0724337734 STEPHEN MWENI MAJENGO 19 KATISHO BUSINESSMAN MAPYA GONGONI 0703418575 20 OMAR K. FONDO V. ELDER GONGONI GONGONI 0735234017 MIDODONI 21 LIBERTINE SAIDI VICE V. ELDER 'B' GONGONI 0703872345 MIDODONI 22 JOSEPH KIRIBAI BUSINESSMAN 'A' GONGONI 0719732189 23 OMAR BAKAR GONGONI GONGONI 0731130251 ISHMAEL C. 24 KATANA FARMER GONGONI GONGONI 0701068215 ALFRED J. MAJENGO 25 MWAGONA CARPENTER MAPYA GONGONI 0723484457 MIDODONI 26 KAHINDI M. FILO FARMER 'B' GONGONI 0729752173 KITSAO K. MAJENGO 27 GOMBO FARMER MAPYA GONGONI 0710748327 NICODEMUS 28 KAINGU MJUMBUWANYIO MAJENGO GONGONI 0710498052 ABDALLA SALIM MIDODONI 29 THOYA ASST/HMAN 'A' GONGONI 0712545348 JAMES KATANA 30 MULINGE V/ASSISTANT MIDODONI GONGONI 0727436117 MIDODONI 31 JOHN MDUFI V/MIDONDOA 'A' GONGONI 0705372520 EMMANUEL 32 SHINDO KOKOTONI GONGONI 0711697565 33 ESTHER BOKOLE MSAMBWENI GONGONI Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-24 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST GONGONI 25TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number MAJENGO 34 FRANCIS THOYA V. ELDER MAPYA GONGONI 0727364143 ERASTUS K. 35 MWAGANDI FARMER MIDODONI GONGONI 0715105291 SAMUEL YAA CHAIRMAN MIDODONI 36 BAYA MIDONDONI 'B' GONGONI 0723997323 SANITA 37 BENJAMIN TUVA CDF MAGARINI GONGONI GONGONI 0716722121 MWAGONA NDAHUMA MAJENGO 38 PANDE V. ELDER MAPYA GONGONI 0723992280 MRAMBA WA 39 NYEVU FARMER DODOMA GONGONI KADINYANJE 40 MWAGANDI SALT PRODUCER MAJENGO GONGONI MIDODONI 41 LOURENT PIRI PASTOR 'B' GONGONI 0723970613 42 WILSON BABATI FARMER DODOMA GONGONI 0726552596 43 HIDAYA ALI FARMER MOROTO GONGONI 0700438182 MWANASOMO 44 ALI FARMER MOROTO GONGONI 0717362776 45 AMINA VALOTO FARMER MOROTO GONGONI 0711484208 46 AMINA ALI FARMER MOROTO GONGONI 0727956207 47 ELHINA KASIWA FARMER MOROTO GONGONI 0713597522 MAJENGO 48 AGNES KATANA FARMER MAPYA GONGONI 0712728237 MAJENGO 49 LUCY MWARUA FARMER MAPYA GONGONI 0710231922 CONSTANCE 50 MENZA FARMER DODOMA GONGONI 0735237080 LAWRENCE MAJENGO 51 KENGA NZAI FARMER MAPYA GONGONI 0724976040 EUNICE KADZO MAJENGO 52 SAMSON FARMER MAPYA GONGONI 0701678589 MAJENGO 53 MAKKA ALY FARMER MAPYA GONGONI KANZE 54 MWAROWA FARMER SABA-SABA GONGONI 55 JAMES MKAMBA MASON BORABORA GONGONI 0718773631 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-25 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE LIST GONGONI 25TH MAY Phone No. Name Designation Village Location Number JUSTIN 56 KAZUNGU FARMER GONGONI 0717607830 WILLIAM 57 ANGORE FARMER GONGONI GONGONI 0727292936 JAMES C. 58 MRAMBA PWD LEADER GANDIKANI GONGONI 0715173903 NICKSON M. 59 MWARINGA MASON MIDODONI GONGONI 0717761659 NASSIR AUNI 60 MSELLEM SALESMAN GONGONI GONGONI 0722871899 BENJAMIN 61 KAHINDI FARMER KOKOTONI GONGONI 62 JILO ONOTTO RTD TEACHER KOKOTONI GONGONI 0722224947 PAUL M. 63 MWANDOE BUSINESSMAN DODOMA GONGONI 0722935031 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-26 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-27 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-28 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-29 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-30 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-31 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-32 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-33 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-34 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-35 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-36 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-37 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-38 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-39 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 11.2.3 Public Consultation Meeting Photos 6) Meeting at Kilifi Chief’s Camp Consultant’s Presentation Introduction and comments by CWSB representative Introduction and Comments by KIWASCO Comments by Senior Chief Tezo representative Feedback from a Participant Feedback from a Participant Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-1 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Feedback from a Participant Participants show their support of the project via raised hands 7) Meeting at Zowerani Chief’s Camp Consultant’s Presentation Comments by Chief Roca Comments by Senior Assistant Chief Feedback from a Participant Zowerani Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-2 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Feedback from a Participant Participants show their support of the project via raised hands 8) Meeting at Gede Chief’s Camp Introduction and comments by Assistant Consultant’s Presentation Chief Gede Feedback from a Participant Feedback from a Participant Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-3 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Feedback from a Participant Feedback from a Participant 9) Meeting at Sabaki Primary Consultant’s Presentation Comments by Assistant Chief Sabaki Feedback from a Participant Feedback from a Participant Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-4 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Feedback from a Participant Participants show their support of the project via raised hands 10) Meeting at DC’s Office Gongoni Consultant’s Presentation Comments by Senior Chief Gongoni Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-5 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 Comments by Senior Assistant Chief Feedback from a Participant Gongoni Feedback from a Participant Participants show their support of the project via raised hands Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-6 Zamconsult Consulting Engineers June 2017 11.3 “CHANCE FIND” PROCEDURES Chance find procedures are an integral part of the project ESMMP and civil works contracts. The following is proposed in this regard: If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Contractor shall:  Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find;  Delineate the discovered site or area;  Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the responsible local authorities or the Ministry of State for National Heritage and Culture take over;  Notify the supervisor, Project Environmental Officer and Project Engineer who in turn will notify the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of State for National Heritage and Culture immediately (within 24 hours or less); Responsible local authorities and the Ministry of State for National Heritage and Culture would then be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed by the archaeologists of the National Museums of Kenya. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage, namely the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values. Decisions on how to handle the find shall be taken by the responsible authorities and the Ministry of State for National Heritage and Culture. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding irremovable remains of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage. Implementation for the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant local authorities. Construction work may resume only after permission is given from the responsible local authorities or the Ministry of State for National Heritage and Culture concerning safeguard of the heritage. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for LOT 3 Pipelines and Tanks 11-7