RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE GLOBAL PROGRAM FOR SAFER SCHOOLS Taking action at scale for safer and more resilient school infrastructure Each year, natural disasters and climate change around the world have a devastating effect on children’s education. They cause direct harm to children, teachers, and the school community, damaging or destroying school infrastructure. The Global Program for Safer Schools (GPSS) aims to promote and facilitate informed, large-scale investments for the safety and resilience of new and existing school infrastructure at risk from natural hazards, contributing to high-quality learning environments. The focus is primarily on public school infrastructure in developing countries. WHAT WE DO 1.2 billion children are enrolled in Work to make schools and the communities they serve primary and secondary education worldwide. more resilient to natural hazards. Resilient schools result in reduced physical impact on school infrastructure, 875 million minimized disruption to educational services, and lives saved in the event of a disaster. schoolchildren live in earthquake- Leverage support by linking activities directly to large prone regions of the world. school investment programs. Bring together governments, the private sector, and civil society to enable countries to access the best experience and technical expertise. 2.5 million children will be safer in Peru after GPSS launched a risk assessment Use technology and data analytics to quantify the level of that paved the way for a national risk and prioritize actions in order to guide risk-reduction risk-reduction strategy of investments. $3.1 billion Published November 2017 1 OUR APPROACH Developing Integrating and financing environments. Such Global, Risk Reduction visits help to identify potential opportunities where GPSS technical Evidence-based into Education assistance could support countries in Knowledge Projects the design of risk reduction strategies and investments in safer education facilities. GPSS is at the forefront of generating GPSS is working alongside education global, evidence-based knowledge teams at the World Bank to integrate on the safety and resilience of school infrastructure. risk reduction considerations into projects that finance school Sharing infrastructure. The program has Knowledge »» At the global level the Program developed guidance notes like is developing the Global the Roadmap for Safer Schools, GPSS is also developing a web-based Library of School Infrastructure which provides governments and platform and e-learning courses to (GLoSI) a repository of data and development partners with tools disseminate knowledge and results information about the structural and resources to improve the from the Program to a wider audience, performance of school buildings safety of schools. To support teams and to reach policy makers, project and alternatives to reduce their working in post-disaster contexts, the leads, educators, development seismic vulnerability. GPSS will launch the Recovery and partners, civil society members, and Reconstruction Roadmap for Safer other stakeholders. By working to »» At the country level, the program Schools in 2018. develop tools that make data easily is working with governments accessible and available worldwide, to make schools and the GPSS aims to inform investments at communities they serve more resilient to natural disasters – Providing scale that reduce the vulnerability of schools, and to promote a long-term, from targeted policy reforms In-country systematic approach to improving the and investment in physical infrastructure to national Technical safety of school infrastructure. strategies focusing on risk Assistance reduction and quality learning environments. The program’s The program has provided countries Building goal is to promote solutions at with an estimated US10 million to Partnerships scale by supporting governments design and implement safer school In the design and implementation activities. GPSS also works to diagnose The Global Program for Safer Schools of long-term national strategies school safety at a country level through is building partnerships with academia, focused on reducing the state-of-the-art technical approaches the private sector, and development vulnerability of new and existing and in-country visits. The program partners to advance the safer school school infrastructure. has carried out rapid, country-level agenda. The program has partnered diagnostic visits in Afghanistan, with University College London, Armenia, Indonesia, Fiji, Mongolia, University of Los Andes from Colombia, Samoa, Tonga, and Vanuatu. and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Switzerland to establish Technical assistance begins with a working group to develop the Global diagnostic field visits, which provide a Library of School Infrastructure. The rapid assessment of the vulnerability GPSS is also developing in-country of existing school infrastructure partnerships with stakeholders to natural hazards, and identify working on the ground, including factors that contribute to risk. This United Nations agencies such as includes collecting available school UNICEF, and development partners infrastructure baseline data, mapping such as the Asian Development Bank key stakeholders in charge of (ADB) and the Japan International managing school infrastructure, and Cooperation Agency (JICA). understanding the local construction 2 Figure 1: GPSS Road Map for Safer Schools aims to guide the interactions of project leads with infrastructure managers and stakeholders. Its goal is to mitigate disaster risk by promoting a more informed and structured dialogue on investing in the safety of new and existing school infrastructure. DIAGNOSIS Step 1 School Infrastructure Baseline To establish a baseline of existing school infrastructure facilities and the demand for new school infrastructure Step 2 Construction Environment To gain an understanding of the institutional environment and regulatory framework within which school infrastructure is planned, constructed, and maintained in order to determine the factors placing schools at risk Step 3 Financial Environment To gain an understanding of the financial environment within which school infrastructure is planned, constructed, and maintained, in order to determine the factors placing schools at risk ANALYSIS Step 4 Disaster Risk Analysis To provide a step-by-step guide to quantifying the potential damage and losses to school infrastructure due to adverse natural events OPPORTUNITY Step 5 Safer School Investment Opportunities To recommend investment scenarios to Ministries of Education that integrate safety into both existing and new school infrastructure INVESTMENT Step 6 Project Financing To implement investment programs to improve the resilience of schools 3 ACTIVE ENGAGEMENTS ENGAGEMENT LEVEL: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE $500,000 and less $500,100–$1,000,000 $1,000,100+ MEXICO DOMINICAN REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR WHERE WE WORK JAMAICA Rapid Diagnostic CAPE VERDE NICARAGUA GPSS Technical Assistance (TA) WB Financing and GPSS TA New Engagements PERU GPSS is now active on the GPSS has conducted ground in 14 countries: comprehensive technical reviews of school safety in »» Armenia »» Mozambique »» Dominican Republic »» Nepal eight countries: »» El Salvador »» Nicaragua »» Fiji »» Turkey »» Afghanistan »» Mozambique »» Indonesia »» Samoa »» Armenia »» Samoa »» Jamaica »» Tonga »» Indonesia »» Tonga »» Kyrgyz Republic »» Vanuatu »» Mongolia »» Vanuatu 4 MONGOLIA KYRGYZ REPUBLIC ARMENIA GREECE TURKEY AFGHANISTAN NEPAL INDONESIA FIJI MOZAMBIQUE PACIFIC (Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu) Next Steps »» GPSS aims to engage in 20 »» ARUP is supporting GPSS to »» GPSS is working with partners additional countries in the next develop the Recovery and to develop the Global Library of five years in order to reach its goal Reconstruction Roadmap, an School Infrastructure, which will of making 500,000 classrooms operational tool that will guide support school infrastructure safe from natural disasters and to project managers involved projects in countries that lack risk benefit 15 million students. in post-disaster recovery and information. reconstruction efforts. 5 Peru In Peru, a GFDRR-supported risk assessment in Callao and Lima indicated that the Ministry of Education can reduce about 70% of the seismic risk by improving the physical safety of 600 schools—30% of all schools (Figure 2). GPSS extended the risk assessment nationwide and supported the implementation of Peru’s first National Plan for School Infrastructure and a Seismic Retrofitting Program for School Infrastructure. From 2015–2016, the government has started the implementation of a first phase of Plan Lima, which includes making 373 of the most vulnerable schools resilient—a step that will benefit 278,000 students in the short-term. At least 12,000 schools will be made resilient Figure 2 in the medium- to long-term. In total, an estimated 2.5 million children will have access to safe school buildings. CUMULATIVE AAL (US $ M) In order to enhance and accelerate the implementation of these programs, an innovative solution based on incremental retrofitting was implemented for the first time in Peru. In line with this approach, GPSS has also convened the best universities in the country to devise, test, and validate retrofitting solutions for one of the most common and vulnerable types of schools. NUMBER OF SCHOOL FACILITIES TO BE REINFORCED OR REPLACED “The government of Peru, through the Ministry of Education, is committed to the improvement and rehabilitation of school infrastructure throughout the country. The Program for School Infrastructure has made advancements in adjusting its institutional structure, implementing an ambitious short-term intervention plan in Lima and designing the National School Infrastructure Plan. The World Bank and GFDRR have been strategic partners in this process by providing timely technical assistance. —Gustavo Canales, Director of the Program for School Infrastructure (2014–2016), Ministry of Education 6 Nepal The 7.8 Mw earthquake that struck Nepal on April 25, 2015, affected more than half of the country’s 75 districts. Under GPSS, the World Bank and GFDRR have provided technical advice and support to the Department of Education on the planning for reconstruction and recovery of the education sector. GPSS has trained 150 Nepali engineers to conduct a detailed structural integrity and damage assessment (SIDA) of 18,000 public school buildings—an effort enabled by Figure 3: SIDA Database and PIP innovations in data collection and analysis. SIDA Database App includes information on The results of the SIDA served as essential inputs for the damage, vulnerability, exposure, Department of Education, other development partners, and function, and school access. NGOs involved in planning the reconstruction and prioritizing the implementation. The results also provided the vulnerability information needed to plan long-term risk Intervention Code reduction programs in the education sector. An innovative tool has been developed that automatically analyzes the SIDA results and prepares a prioritized investment plan (PIP) for use in reconstruction and retrofitting of school Intervention OPTIMIZATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION infrastructure (figure 3). The tool makes it possible to quantify Algorithm the investment needed in the short and medium terms to PRIORITIZATION CRITERIA recover from the disaster, the investment needed in the long term to improve the resilience of school infrastructure, and the IDENTIFICATION OF changes in the investment over time. This tool and the results INTERVENTIONS PIP INVESTMENT of the SIDA have been integrated into a web-based platform, OVER TIME providing long-term support to risk-informed decision making INTERVENTION INVESTMENT in the education sector. PLAN Turkey After a six-year influx of Syrian refugees, Turkey is now the world’s largest refugee-hosting country, with the government estimating registered Syrians under Temporary Protection (SuTP) at 3.1 million. Rather than residing in camp environments, most displaced individuals in Turkey live in densely populated urban areas—particularly in southeastern provinces, which are also among the least developed areas. This not only places significant stress on public services, but also increases the number of people at risk in one of the world’s most earthquake-prone countries. Approximately 90,000 fatalities have been caused by 76 earthquakes in the country since 1900. The World Bank, with technical assistance from GFDRR, is administering $160 million EU-funded project to help the Turkish government respond to the refugee crisis by building safer schools. The project will help the Turkey’s Ministry of National Education build 56 earthquake-resistant schools (1,420 classrooms) over the next three years, ensuring access to education for 40,000 school-age children under Temporary Protection and for their host communities. Moving forward, GFDRR will assist the government of Turkey on its goal of improving seismic safety of all schools nationwide. 7 GFDRR Engagement Notes Global Program for Safer Schools gfdrr.org/roadmap-safer-schools-story Contact Fernando Ramirez Cortes framirezcortes@worldbank.org The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a global partnership that helps developing countries better understand and reduce their vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change. GFDRR is a grant-funding mechanism, managed by the World Bank, that supports disaster risk management projects worldwide. Working on the ground with over 400 local, national, regional, and international partners, GFDRR provides knowledge, funding, and technical assistance. Published November 2017