42367 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Rukwa Regional Administrative Secretariat and the World Bank Tanzania Country Office GROWTH PROSPECTS FOR RUKWA REGION Constraints and Opportunities June, 2007 Table of Contents 1. FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 2 2.1. BACKGROUND AND LOCATION ............................................................................................... 3 2.2. CLIMATE.......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3. PEOPLE AND CULTURE............................................................................................................... 4 2.4. ECONOMY AND POPULATION .................................................................................................. 4 2.5. AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO ......................................................................................................... 4 2.6. ECOLOGICAL ZONES................................................................................................................... 5 3. PRODUCTIVE SECTORS................................................................................................................... 5 3.1. CROPS............................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.1. OUTPUTS PER HECTOR............................................................................................................... 6 3.1.2. MARKETS FOR CROPS................................................................................................................. 6 3.1.2.1. FOOD CROPS.............................................................................................................................. 6 3.1.2.2. CASH CROPS .............................................................................................................................. 7 3.1.2.3. COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES.................................................................................................... 7 3.1.3. FARM INPUTS................................................................................................................................. 7 3.1.4. IRRIGATION SCHEMES ............................................................................................................... 8 3.1.5. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION............................................................................................. 8 3.1.6. CHALLENGES FOR INCREASED CROP PRODUCTION IN RUKWA REGION................ 8 3.1.7. WAY FORWARD............................................................................................................................. 9 3.1.8. IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENTS.......................................................... 10 3.2. LIVESTOCK................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.1. MARKETS FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS.............................................................................. 12 3.2.2. SUPPORT SERVICES................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.3. LAND ISSUES................................................................................................................................. 13 3.2.4. WAY FORWARD........................................................................................................................... 13 3.2.5. IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENTS.......................................................... 13 3.3. FISHERIES ..................................................................................................................................... 13 3.3.1. IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENTS.......................................................... 14 3.4. FORESTRY..................................................................................................................................... 14 3.4.1. BEEKEEPING ................................................................................................................................ 15 3.4.2. WILDLIFE ...................................................................................................................................... 15 3.4.3. IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENTS.......................................................... 16 3.5. TOURISM........................................................................................................................................ 16 i 3.5.1. KATAVI NATIONAL PARK........................................................................................................ 16 3.5.2. IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENTS.......................................................... 17 3.6. MINING........................................................................................................................................... 18 3.6.1. MINERAL PROSPECTING AND MINING ............................................................................... 19 3.6.2. IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENTS.......................................................... 20 4. SOCIAL SECTORS............................................................................................................................. 20 4.1. EDUCATION .................................................................................................................................. 20 4.1.1. PRE PRIMARY EDUCATION..................................................................................................... 20 4.1.2. PRIMARY EDUCATION.............................................................................................................. 20 4.1.3. POST PRIMARY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL TRAINING ................................................. 21 4.1.4. SECONDARY EDUCATION........................................................................................................ 21 4.1.5. HOSTELS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS............................................................................................ 22 4.1.6. LEVEL OF LITERACY: ............................................................................................................... 22 4.1.7. COLLEGES/UNIVERSITIES....................................................................................................... 22 4.1.8. IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENTS.......................................................... 23 4.2. HEALTH ......................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.1. COMMON DISEASES................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.2. HEALTH STAFF............................................................................................................................ 24 4.2.3. HIV/AIDS ........................................................................................................................................ 25 4.2.4. IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENTS.......................................................... 26 5. INFRASTRUCTURE .......................................................................................................................... 26 5.1. TRANSPORT.................................................................................................................................. 26 5.1.1. ROAD TRANSPORT ..................................................................................................................... 26 5.1.2. RAILWAY TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................. 29 5.1.3. LAKE TRANSPORT...................................................................................................................... 30 5.1.4. AIR TRANSPORT.......................................................................................................................... 30 5.2. TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................ 31 5.3. RADIO AND TELEVISION STATIONS..................................................................................... 32 5.4. ENERGY ......................................................................................................................................... 32 5.5. WATER ........................................................................................................................................... 34 6. DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS AND NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS ACTIVITIES................ 35 7. RESOURCES MOBILISATION........................................................................................................ 35 7.1. COUNCILS' AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SOURCES .................................................... 35 7.2. OTHER SOURCES ........................................................................................................................ 36 8. PLANNING PROCESS....................................................................................................................... 37 9. STAKEHOLDERS' WORKSHOP .................................................................................................... 38 10. GIS MAPS ....................................................................................................................................... 38 ii List of Annexes Annex 1: List of people met/interviewed.............................................................................41 Annex 2: Workshop Programme..........................................................................................43 Annex 3: Workshop's List of participants...........................................................................44 Annex 4: Workshop responses - group discussion ..............................................................47 Annex 5: Maps.....................................................................................................................51 List of Tables Table 1: Rukwa Region Administrative Distribution and Population by District.................4 Table 2: Agro-ecological zones of Rukwa region .................................................................5 Table 3: Crop Production Trend 2001 - 2006........................................................................6 Table 4: Potential Areas for Irrigation by Districts................................................................8 Table 5: Area available for grazing activities in each district..............................................10 Table 6 - Livestock in Rukwa Region (2006)......................................................................10 Table 7: Earnings in TShs from Different Livestock products (2004-2006).......................11 Table 8: Area covered by Forests by District ......................................................................14 Table 9: Honey and Beeswax Production (1997 ­ 2001) ....................................................15 Table 10: Tourist Attractions and Locations........................................................................16 Table 11: Number of tourists visiting Katavi National Park (2001 ­ 2006)........................17 Table 12: Minerals of Rukwa and their locations................................................................18 Table 13: Number of classrooms, children and teachers .....................................................20 Table 14: Total number of secondary schools in each council............................................21 Table 15: Number of pupils joining secondary schools (2001 ­ 2006)...............................21 Table 16: Level of literacy in each council.........................................................................22 Table 17: Number and ownership of health facilities (2006) ..............................................23 Table 18: Facilities to population ratio indicators ...............................................................23 Table 19: Trained health staff cadre situation in Rukwa Region.........................................24 Table 20: Cumulative HIV/AIDS Cases from 1986 to 2005 by districts ............................25 Table 21: Road classes and lengths per district (km)...........................................................26 Table 22: Road density in the various districts:...................................................................27 Table 23: Funds received by road authorities for maintenance of roads from the Roads fund (2004/05 ­ 2006/07) ....................................................................................................28 Table 24: Funds spent for road development works (2004/05 ­ 2006/07)..........................28 Table 25: Roads to be improved in the near future..............................................................29 Table 26: Data on Government Airports in Rukwa region..................................................30 Table 27: Telephone Services in Rukwa region ..................................................................31 Table 28: Electricity demand and supply (in MW) for Sumbawanga and Mpanda towns..33 Table 29: Present Situations of Water Schemes in Rukwa Region .....................................34 Table 30: Development Partners / National Stakeholders Involvement..............................35 Table 31: Financial resources from own sources and central government by district.........36 iii Acronyms and Abbreviations AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AMSDP Agricultural Markets Systems Development Programme ARI Acute Respiratory tract Infection ASDP Agricultural Sector Development Programme ATTT Association of Tanzania Tobacco Traders BRALLUP Bureau of Resource Assessment and Land Use Planning COBET Complimentary Basic Education in Tanzania DADP District Agriculture Development Plan DAFCO Diary Farms Company DRC Democratic Republic of Congo ESW Economic Sector work GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographical Information System GVM Gross Vehicle Mass HIV Human Immune-deficiency Virus ICBAE Integrated Community Based Adult Education LATCU Lake Tanganyika Tobacco Cooperative Union LGA Local Government Authority MKUKUTA Swahili Acronym for National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty NARCO National Ranching Company NBS National Bureau of Statistics PL Prospecting License PML Primary Mining License PPL Primary Prospecting License PSV Public Service Vehicle (e.g bus/coach) RAS Regional Administration Secretariat RFSP Rural Financial Services Programme SAAFI Sumbawanga Agricultural and Animal Feeds Industry SACCOS Savings and Credit Cooperative Society SGR Strategic Grain Reserve TANAPA Tanzania National Parks TANESCO Tanzania Electricity Supply Company TANROADS Tanzania National Roads Agency TEDAP Tanzania Energy Development and Access Project TLU Tropical Livestock Units TTB Tanzania Tourist Board iv 1. FOREWORD This Economic and Sector Work (ESW) has been conducted as part of the World Bank's Tanzania Country Team (CT) growth cluster work program in response to the Government of Tanzania's (GoT) poverty reduction strategy (MKUKUTA). It was conceived at a Country Team retreat in January 2006. The CT growth cluster team felt that good growth is being experienced in Tanzania mainly in urban areas (Dar es Salaam in particular) and in certain sectors such as tourism and mining, but is confined to some areas of Tanzania and does not really extend to remote regions. Rukwa region was subsequently selected as a typical region which is difficult to access but has good growth potential. Moreover, it was known that its accessibility would improve in future with the planned paving of the Tunduma to Sumbawanga road and with the improvement of some of the internal roads in Rukwa through performance based road management and maintenance contracts managed by TANROADS and financed by an IDA contract. A first visit to Rukwa was held in August 2006 when, under the leadership of the Country Director, various members of the Country Team traveled to Rukwa and met with their sectoral counterparts in the region. In early 2007 a World Bank consultant, Mr. Abdul Awadh visited the region to collect relevant information from regional and district, public and private stakeholders and to prepare for a stakeholder's workshop planned for May 2007. In parallel, the team also worked with the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) to prepare, based on existing GIS data, sectoral maps of the region, useful for the planning process. The May 17 and 18, 2007 stakeholders' workshop in Sumbawanga was chaired by the Regional Commissioner Mr. Daniel Ole Njoolay and was attended by eight members of the World Bank country team and 63 regional stakeholders from both the public and the private sector. Discussions were held on the constraints and growth opportunities of the main productive sectors of Rukwa, and conclusions were drawn on the way forward to overcome these constraints and make use of the opportunities. After the stakeholders workshop, on June 1 and 2, 2007 an investor's meeting was held in Sumbawanga with the presence of the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Mr. Jakaya Kikwete, several members of the cabinet, other high government officials, and about 60 potential private sector investors particularly interested in the tourism, mining and agricultural sectors. The findings report of this study and the results of the workshop of May 17 and 18, 2007 served as input for the investor's meeting. During a Bank internal meeting on May 31, 2007, it was decided that the ESW would be followed up with (i) cross-sectoral analytical work related to the logistics of the marketing of agricultural and mining products, (ii) agricultural sector analytical work related to the marketing and sustainability of agricultural products, (iii) assistance to the region for the production of investors' prospects, (iv) support to the district planning process via the RAS office by introducing GIS capacity through linkages with NSB, the provision of training and software, and (v) some further thinking as to how this work could be replicated in other regions. 1 2. INTRODUCTION The Tanzania Country Office of the World Bank has been exploring ways in which it can be more responsive to Government in supporting the National Strategy for Growth and Alleviation of Poverty (MKUKUTA) and ensuring growth is an integral part of strategic planning. Given Tanzania's great regional variations in resource endowments, growth potential and degree of institutional development, it was proposed that a regional case study of growth prospects and constraints be undertaken in collaboration with local stakeholders in a remote region of Tanzania. Based on this, the `growth cluster group' of the World Bank Tanzania Country Team decided to embark on Economic and Sector Work (ESW) in Rukwa region with the following objectives: · Enhancing knowledge of Rukwa's resources, infrastructure and growth potential, as well as specific constraints at both regional and district level, and improve awareness of cross- sectoral synergies in advancing growth; · Identifying promising processes for the formulation and implementation of local growth strategies that involve adequate stakeholders consultation, are technically sound, and provide for appropriate higher level (regional and central) input; · Identifying priority activities and investments, within a five year time-frame, given expected budgetary flows and local resources. This should improve the strategic focus of regional and district growth strategies. It is envisaged that this ESW informs the thinking and provides field exposure across all sectors of the country program that support the three main clusters of MKUKUTA1. The lessons learnt should also inform the policy dialogue with Government and assist Development Partners (DP) to advocate for allocation of resources to regions that are remote but can demonstrate potential for growth. This ESW has been carried out in close collaboration with the Rukwa regional and district authorities and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). With the help of NBS different GIS data sources were merged to develop maps of the region depicting natural resource endowment, physical infrastructure, and public and private service delivery. These maps were used to facilitate stakeholder discussions within Rukwa, and to assist stakeholders to establish growth priorities by evaluating its potential in the light of likely future public and private investments. The study aims to improve the understanding of local area development potential and constraints, and help regional, Local Government Authority (LGA), and Bank staff understand the contribution of different sectors to a more coherent growth/poverty reduction agenda in a specific regional setting. This report contains the study findings, being a result of literature review and interviews conducted with regional and LGA officials, residents of Rukwa and representatives of institutions operating in Rukwa region. The list of people interviewed is appended as Annex 1. The findings were presented at a `Stakeholders Workshop' that was held in Sumbawanga on May 17 and 18, 2007. The workshop assisted to disseminate information on utilization of the identified potentials and 1Which are: (i) Growth and reduction of income poverty.(ii) Improved quality of life and social well-being and (iii) Good governance and accountability , 2 constraints to enhance the planning process and use of available resources. The workshop program and the list of participants are appended as annexes 2 and 3 respectively. Briefly after the above workshop, on June 1 and 2, 2007 an investor's meeting was held in Sumbawanga with the presence of the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Mr. Jakaya Kikwete, several members of the cabinet, other high government officials, and about 60 potential private sector investors particularly interested in the tourism, mining and agricultural sectors. The findings report of this study and the results of the workshop of May 17/18, 2007 served as input for the investor's meeting. 2.1. Background and Location Rukwa Region came into being in 1974 when part of Mbeya and Tabora Regions were demarcated to form a new Region. The region is located in the Southwestern part of Tanzania between 05 and 90oS and 30 ­ 33o E. Rukwa occupies an area of 75,240km2. The region has four Local Government Authorities (LGA) namely Mpanda, Sumbawanga Urban, Sumbawanga Rural and Nkasi. The Region borders with Zambia to the Southwest, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to the West across Lake Tanganyika, Kigoma Region in the North, Tabora to the Northeast and Mbeya to the Southeast. The highest point of the region is at Malonje in the Ufipa plateau at 2461 meters above sea level and the lowest point is lake Tanganyika at 773meters above see level. MAP OF TANZANIA SHOWING THE LOCATION OF RUKWA REGION 3 2.2. Climate Rukwa Region enjoys tropical climate with mean temperatures ranging between 13oC in some places for the months of June and July to 27oC in the hottest months of October to December. Rainfall has been reliable for many years. However, the region has in recent years, been receiving low rainfalls due to environmental destruction currently occurring globally and in some localized parts of Rukwa Region. 2.3. People and Culture The Region had a population of 1,141,743 in 2002 and the forecast for 2007 is 1,349,749 according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The major languages spoken in this region include Kiswahili, Kifipa, Kimambwe, Kilungu, Kikonongo and Kinyamwanga. With exception of Kiswahili, the other spoken languages are vernacular (specific to a particular tribe). The staple foods are mainly maize, rice and beans. In some parts of Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa, cassava, fish and rice are the main source of food. Other food crops widely available include groundnuts, finger millet, and sweet potatoes, round potatoes, sorghum, wheat and sugarcane. Meat is easily available from the pastoral's community who traditionally keep varieties of domestic animals such as cattle, goats, chicken, pigs, rabbits and pigeons. 2.4. Economy and Population GDP = 278,129 Mio TShs (2002) Per capita GDP = 243,600 TShs (2002) ­ i.e. the majority of people are below the line of extreme poverty of one Dollar per day. Average household size = 5.1 Table 1: Rukwa Region Administrative Distribution and Population by District Population Councils Land area Divisions Wards Villages 2002 2007 (sq km) Census Projection2 Mpanda 45,843 7 29 87 412,683 483,526 Sumbawanga Rural 12,088 7 27 169 373,080 436,325 Nkasi 9,375 5 17 87 208,497 249,856 Sumbawanga Urban 1,329 2 13 25 147,483 179,872 Total 68,635 21 86 368 1,141,743 1,349,579 (6,863,500 Ha) 2.5. Age Dependency Ratio The age dependency ratio is defined as the ratio of the youths less than 15 years of age plus persons aged 65 years and above (dependants) to adults aged 15-64 years.(workforce). According to population and housing census (2002) in Rukwa Region the overall dependency ratio was 105. 2Projections by National Bureau of Statistics using a Cohort Component Method (Spectrum System), whereby three components responsible for population change, namely: mortality, fertility and migration were projected separately as well as HIV/AIDS prevalence 4 This means that there were 100 people in 15-64 years group supporting 105 people in age groups 0-14 and 65 and above. Age dependency ratio was high in rural areas than urban areas. 2.6. Ecological Zones Rukwa region has six agro-ecological zones. The features of the zones are shown in the Table below: Table 2: Agro-ecological zones of Rukwa region Zones Area General Altitude Dominant Economic activity Rainfall (sq km) Morphology range (m) soil (mm) Katumba 30,000 Gentle plain 800-1200 Sandy Agriculture: 900-1000 Plain maize, cassava, beans groundnuts, tobacco and honey & beeswax Mwese - 3,000 Gentle plain with 1100-1936 Ferralitic, Agriculture: 1000-1300 Mpanda moderately with bands Maize, beans plantains, ranges slopping hills and of clay cassava. plateaus sand soils. Beekeeping. Karema 2,800 Gentle plain 772-1200 Variable Agriculture: Maize, Paddy, 900-1000 depression Cassava. Fishing. Rukwa 6,500 Flat plains 810-1200 Sandy Agric: Maize, paddy, 800-1000 Valley cassava. Cattle, goats, and Fishing. Lake 4,500 Steep hills with 772-1631 Shallow, Agriculture: maize, cassava 800-1200 Tanganyika gentle plateaux scattered oil palm, paddy. Fishing, Shores and plains clayey lacustrines Ufipa Plateau 11,800 Gentle plain with 1000-2461 Ferralitic Agriculture: maize, 800-1200 moderately cassava, groundnuts, slopping hills and millets, beans. Cattle, plateau goats. Fishing. Mining: coal, gemstones. Source: BLARUP (1997) 3. PRODUCTIVE SECTORS The main productive sectors in the region are agriculture (including livestock, fisheries and forestry), tourism and mining. 3.1. Crops About 90% of the population in Rukwa region earns their living from agricultural activities. The area of arable land is 2,357,029 ha (34% of total area) but the area under cultivation is only 597,985 ha (appr. 25% of arable land). The largest part of the land is not accessible due to poor road infrastructure and tsetse fly infection. There are areas in the region which face land shortages manly in the Ufipa Plateau. There is very little vacant arable land within reasonable walking distance from the villages in the Sumbawanga and Nkasi districts. The crops production trend for the last five years is shown in the Table below: 5 Table 3: Crop Production Trend 2001 - 2006 CROPS PRODUCTION TREND 2001 - 2006 Food 2001/2002 2002/2003 2003/2004 2004/2005 2005/2006 Crops ha tons ha tons ha tons ha tons ha tons Maize 158,851 225,450 183,451 153,442 177,074 317,307 174,567 239,059 182,259 314,379 Beans 85,507 55,597 66,062 41,927 47,378 57,530 74,812 50,805 142,521 124,684 Fingermillet 44,199 28,848 29,707 17,616 25,955 19,063 28,352 18,408 30,028 25,934 Rice 38,353 171,757 42,521 65,434 44,938 142,351 41,894 103,815 39,766 133,400 Wheat 756 992 673 564 696 558 818 688 1,326 1,954 Sorghum 17,575 18,268 10,514 10,136 9,905 11,458 19,149 18,151 15,052 17,146 Cassava 66,791 175,143 48,027 193,819 66,232 186,324 42,366 134,438 69,364 199,750 S/Potatoes 25,637 106,239 20,949 87,962 41,793 188,062 33,707 202,846 42,871 212,789 Ir/Potatoes 2,697 13,106 3,860 38,047 3,245 17,029 6,377 25,208 6,358 28,337 Total 440,366 795,400 405,763 608,947 417,215 939,682 422,042 793,418 529,545 1,058,373 Cash crops Sunflower 29,056 32,512 31,497 38,103 39,028 49,956 26,797 21,014 39,215 47,608 Groundnuts 23,020 19,740 17,245 4,961 17,956 13,936 11,664 6,716 13,450 8,608 Tobacco 3,498 4,794 2,469 2,469.3 3,950 4,069 4,915 4,756 5,585 7,574 Coffee 225 44 81 25.1 45 18.5 42 16.4 47 17 Cotton 10 15 2.8 0.35 0.0 0.0 - - - - Simsim 943 943 256 256 256 256 - - - - Soya 63 48 24 12 30.8 12.8 24.7 11.2 126 72 Moringa 209 33.44 0.0 0.0 - - Total 56,815 58,096 51,783 45,860 61,265.8 68,249.0 43,442.7 32,513.6 68,440 147,558 Just like in many other regions in Tanzania Mainland, agriculture in Rukwa region is dominated by small-scale subsistence farming. Approximately 68 percent of the cultivated land is used by small- holder farmers who operate between 0.5 and 2.0 ha. Rukwa region has potential for using animal power in agricultural operations. 75% of tillage operations is done using animal power. Other operations that include weeding are done by hand hoe. The region is estimated to have 18 tractors only, and 38,254 pairs of animal draught power. This is one of the limitations for increased area for crop production to achieve food security and poverty reduction. 3.1.1. Outputs per Hector With currently practiced farming method, average yield is 1.7 to 2.0 tons per ha. With improved methods (extension services delivery and use of satisfied inputs) production could reach 5.6 tons per ha. (Sasakawa Global 2000 experience). 3.1.2. Markets for Crops 3.1.2.1. Food crops Rukwa region had in, 2005/06 a surplus of 783,500 tones of food crops, out of which 149,470 tones being maize. The Strategic Grain Reserve (SGR) bought 26,200 tons of maize at an average price of TShs 180 per kg and other buyers bought 58,500 tones of maize at prices ranging from TShs70 to 130. The prices offered by other buyers are too low to even meet the production costs. 6 Official figures show that a total of 8,800 tons of maize worth TShs. 880 million was exported to the neighboring countries. A grain milling factory under the name of Energy Milling Co. Ltd is being constructed in Sumbawanga and is expected to be operational by November 2007. It will have a capacity of milling 50 tons of grains in 8 hours and will also include a rice huller with capacity of 30 tons per 8 hours. This is expected to be another market. There has always been a market for beans and rice but farmers face problems getting markets for the other food crops such as cassava, and sweet potatoes Problems facing the farmers in selling their produce include: ¾ Few SGR buying centers ¾ Low prices offered bybuyers ¾ Poor condition of roads, thus, making it difficult to transport their produce to markets 3.1.2.2. Cash crops The main cash crops grown in Rukwa region are tobacco, sunflower and groundnuts. Tobacco cultivation has been increasing in Mpanda district. Some 7,800 households are involved in small-scale farming of tobacco. As seen in the table above, the amount of tobacco being harvested annually has nearly doubled in the last three years. The produce has earned the farmers very close to TShs. 5.0 billions in 2005/06. The Association Tanzania Tobacco Traders (ATTT) is promoting the production of tobacco and supplies inputs to farmers including extension services for better production and quality enhancement. Price offered to farmers is agreed by stakeholders (Tobacco Council of Tanzania) 3.1.2.3. Cooperative Societies Rukwa region has a number of cooperative societies; including one Cooperative Union (Lake Tanganyika Tobacco Cooperative Union - LATCU), 11 Primary Cooperative Societies, 12 other co-operative societies and 64 Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOSs). Past poor performance of cooperatives contributes to low acceptability of new initiatives to form cooperative societies. 3.1.3. Farm Inputs There have been no problems recently on availability of seeds and fertilizers although there was some delays in delivering of these essential inputs due to the poor condition of the Tunduma ­ Sumbawanga road and other roads within the region, and also the low financial bases of the agents distributing the inputs and the farmers themselves who had experienced poor yield in the previous season. Ongoing agricultural support programs are ASDP/DADP, AMSDP and the Rural Financial Support Program (RFSP) that assist villagers to establish savings and credit cooperative societies (SACCOSs) 7 3.1.4. Irrigation Schemes BRALLUP reported in 1984 that Rukwa region had a large irrigation potential of 814,000 ha, out of which 68,000 ha could be classified as "very suitable for irrigation" and the remaining being "marginally suitable" (soil fertility limitations). The region has a good network of rivers most of them being perennial with fertile valleys. Other reports provide the information as shown below; Table 4: Potential Areas for Irrigation by Districts S'wanga Nkasi Mpanda S'wanga Total Council Rural Urban Potential area for irrigation (Ha) 53,400 4,280 99,050 1,100 157,830 Ongoing irrigation scheme 250 80 40 17,117 16,747 coverage (Ha) 3.1.5. Environmental Protection Efforts to ensure environmental protection in the region include: ¾ Conservation of forest reserve areas using villagers (who receive education through seminars) and through provision of `firebreaks' in the forests; ¾ Campaign to plant trees (Panda Miti Rukwa). Specific areas are allocated by councils for planting trees ¾ Encouraging villagers to plant woodlots and refrain from cutting trees in the forests reserves `Jatropha' plantation is being introduced in the region to counter the environmental degradation effects and to produce bio-diesel and other products such as raw material for medicated soap. Already a total of 24,000 hectors have been planted in Mpanda district. 3.1.6. Challenges for Increased Crop Production in Rukwa Region a) Poor road infrastructure For a number of years, poor roads have been a major limitation for increased agricultural production and development in the region and at national level at large. To date the region has not been connected to other regions and districts through tarmac roads. There is 240 kilometers of earth road between Sumbawanga and Mpanda to a railway head of the Tanzania Railway Corporation (TRC) that connects Mpanda via Tabora to the TRC network. Most of the roads in the region are seasonal earth roads which limit transport and transportation within and to other regions. b) Limited capital and access to financial services Just like in other regions in Tanzania, many agricultural producers in Rukwa region lack capital assets necessary for agricultural production. They can hardly afford to hire additional labour and to purchase inputs and labor saving equipment such as tractors and animal drawn implements. Commercial banks and financial institutions find it risky to lend to small-holder farmers and small- scale agribusiness. They charge high lending rates, currently ranging between 25 and 40 percent. Most households can neither save nor access loans from commercial banks and financial institutions. 8 c) Agro-processing and marketing of agricultural commodities Agricultural performance in Rukwa region, like in all other regions in Tanzania, is adversely affected by weak agro-industries, poor linkages within the marketing, processing and production chains, poor market-orientation and inadequate processing facilities leading to high levels of produce wastage. Given the high potentials in the region, investment in agro-processing such as milling and packing maize, rice and finger millet and on production of oil crops (sunflower, sesame, groundnuts and soybeans) could boost the sector in the region. d) Extension Services. The government's extension services workforce to support agriculture in Rukwa region (RAS and LGAs) totals 223 against the requirement of 448. There is a shortage of 225 workers (50.2%). The shortage of transport facilities especially motorcycles for extension services has a negative impact on their performance. 3.1.7. Way Forward Promote medium to large scale production of crops, including; maize, paddy, sunflower, sesame, soybean, groundnuts, sesame, and wheat will; i. Encourage investment on seed production of the mentioned crops; ii. Invite investors in agro-processing and packing of the mentioned potential crops; iii. Improve marketing of agricultural produces that are found in Rukwa region; iv. Improve availability of agricultural inputs and farm implements (fertilisers, seeds, farming tools) for increased production: and v. Invest in production and processing of new and high value energy crops like jatropha. Opportunities Savings and Credit societies available Capital of TShs.1.0 billion from the central government for the development of entrepreneurship in the region (guidelines received); International market in Matai area; Continuing establishment of SACCOS networks in each ward. Obstacles Limited awareness on establishing SACCOS; Limited understanding of people in acceptance of that arrangement; Poor system of promoting this plan due lack of working tools; Limited capabilityof members of SACCOS in control of loan repayment. Inappropriate use of existing farm implements especially in rural areas has lead to poor production of crops per hectare; Problem of poor infrastructure Unavailabilityof reliable market for food and cash crops; Shortage of Agriculture experts to provide expertise on modern and profitable farming; Religious believes discourage tobacco growing in some parts of Rukwa region. Limited capabilityfor livestock production to meet beef industryrequirement; and 9 Poor infrastructure and communications network. 3.1.8. Identified Opportunities for Investments TM Large scale farming of cash and food crops TM Floriculture TM Agro processing industries TM Seed production 3.2. Livestock Livestock contributes about 20% to GDP in Rukwa region. Farmers keep an average of 12 head of cattle per family. However, during the past 10 years, there has been a huge influx of agro- pastoralists from Tabora, Shinyanga, and Mwanza to the region in search of pasture for their livestock. The migrant pastoralists keep an average of 100 to 300 head of cattle per family. The current total cattle population in Rukwa region currently is estimated to be 512,722. The areas suitable for grazing in each district are shown below; Table 5: Area available for grazing activities in each district Total area Area occupied by Area for grazing Area not Area cultivated (ha) for tsetse fly (ha) (ha) District occupied by agriculture water (ha) ha % ha % ha % (ha) Mpanda 4,584,300 923,136 211,460 23 321,111 35 390,676 42 Nkasi 937,500 506,250 60,180 12 16,000 3 430,070 85 Sumbawanga Rural 1,708,800 838,600 189,081 23 2,952 4.0 646,567 77 Sumbawanga Urban 132,900 89,042 29,461 33 - - 59,581 67 Total 6,863,300 2,357,028 490,182 21 339,952 14 1,536,894 65 The suitable areas for grazing, if well developed, can hold up to 727,093 head of cattle equivalent to 508,965 Tropical Livestock Units (TLUs). The livestock population in Rukwa region by type of livestock and by district is shown in the table below while the earnings received by livestock keepers during the last three years are shown in the next table; Table 6 - Livestock in Rukwa Region (2006) Council Cattle Goats Sheep Donkey Pigs Rabbit Chicken Ducks Kanga Mpanda 131,113 25,335 10,138 238 3,428 844 257,337 29,575 5,750 Nkasi 150,000 26,127 5,600 1,340 5,871 670 87,112 19,950 - Sumbawanga 203,827 51,166 5,957 3,395 21,296 229 187,164 11,084 1,827 (R) Sumbawanga 27,782 9,767 200 860 8,270 1,574 89,892 9,628 205 (M) Total 512,722 112,395 21,895 5,833 38,865 3,317 621,508 70,237 8,183 10 Table 7: Earnings in TShs from Different Livestock products (2004-2006) 2004 2005 2006 Total Animal type Number Value Number Value Number Value Number Value Cattle 20,279 1,736,896,350 23,070 2,768,400,000 37,255 6,747,913,500 80,604 11,253,209,850 Goats 5,792 67,819900 3,475 60,411,000 27,748 474,316,500 37,015 602,547,400 Sheep 135 1,789,000 94 1,296,656 409 6,798,000 638 9,883,656 Chicken 132,668 98,486,500 45,000 94,429,200 686,637 2,247,887,500 64,305 2,440,803,200 Ducks 2,316 4,632,000 2,500 6,250,000 _ _ 4,816 10,882,000 Total 161,439 1,909,623,750 74,139 2,930,786,856 752,049 9,476,915500 987,378 14,317,326,106 Hides and Skins Cattle 12,418 42,432,500 10,476 27,338,500 18,239 51,551,350 41,133 121,322,350 Goats 3,978 1,417,800 4,745 1,779,700 27,025 12,343,190 35,748 15,540,690 Sheep 43 57,500 32 246,400 197 73,100 272 377,000 Total 16,439 43,907,800 15,253 29,364,600 45,461 63,967,640 77,153 137,240,040 Other Products Milk (ltrs) 4,423,545 1,215,886,350 9,597,303 2,687,244,840 10,928.215 3,028,597,340 24,949,063 6,931,728,530 Eggs 133,331 13,130,100 359,967 36,601,900 435,763 36,532,295 925,061 86,764,295 Samli 6,191 4,091,500 6,557 4,233,000 4,031 4,256,000 16,779 12,580,500 (ltrs) Total 1,233,107,950 2,729,079,740 3,069,385,635 7,030,573,325 There are three ranches in the Rukwa region ­ Malonje ranch located in Sumbawanga Municipality and owned by DAFCO, Nkundi ranch located in Nkasi District and owned by SAAFI, and Nkalambo ranch located in Nkasi district and co-owned by NARCO and individuals. According to 2002/2003 sample census, Rukwa region has only 1,103 improved dairy animals which is 0.27% of 399,025 dairy animals in the country. On the other hand, there are 274 improved beef animals; about 1.3% of the total 20,881 found in the country. Of the total poultry reared in the country, Rukwa region has 3.3% of goats and sheep are 2.5% and 0.9% respectively. In the production of pigs, Rukwa region ranks sixth in the country by rearing 5.2% of all the pigs reared in the country. As demand for heifers both for dairy and beef is high, private investors are encouraged to give a hand in this area. The move to privatize small ranches to individuals or groups, capable of running them commercially, will be a challenge for others to establish more in their areas, and this will depend on the success of those who have been given the ranches. One of the most important activities that can be undertaken to accelerate production of beef and dairy animals is the production of heifers that could be sold to small-scale farmers. Other livestock keeping methods such as `zero-grazing' and `feedlot' are not practiced in Rukwa region. This should be encouraged as well. 11 3.2.1. Markets for Livestock Products Markets for livestock products are mainly the urban centres of Rukwa region and Kasesya on the Zambian border. In the past about 80 head of cattle was slaughtered on the market day at Kasesya and meat sold to Zambia. Business men buy hides and sell the same to factories in Morogoro and Dar es Salaam. A modern meat processing factory named Sumbawanga Agricultural and Animal Feeds Industry (SAAFI) is under construction in Sumbawanga town. It is expected to be operational by end of May 2007. When fully operational, it will have a capacity of slaughtering 150 animals per day producing `prime cuts', carcasses and sausages. It will provide employment to about 350 people (300 at the factory and 50 people at the ranch owned by the factory). Market for the factory's products include; Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, the tourist hotels in Bagamoyo (in Coast Region), countries bordering the region (Zambia and DRC), Burundi, Rwanda, Comoro and the Gulf countries. Investment in small, medium, and large processing industries will increase the value of livestock products, thus, ensuring farmers with high prices for their animals. If milk and meat are processed, they can be preserved for long periods while waiting for good markets in or outside the region/country. Studies have shown that demands for livestock products will increase extensively in the coming 10 to 15 years due to the increase in urbanization. Good markets are necessary to encourage livestock keepers sell their animals hence high off- take to avoid land degradation. 3.2.2. Support Services Infrastructure networks like cattle dips, abattoirs, hide and skin plants, livestock markets, veterinary centres, dams/charcos and clinics are among the livestock infrastructures needed for sustainable livestock development in Rukwa region. Most of the existing infrastructures networks in the region are old, not well developed, or are not sufficient. Veterinary clinics were closed down to give room for private sector which, to date, is very premature especially in these periphery areas and cannot render the services required. The region needs not less than 100 dips serve around 5,000 head of cattle. Currently, a total of 34 out 59 dips are working in Rukwa region, there is no veterinary center in the region and 3 out of 6 hides/skins are operational. There is no single holding ground in place in the region, therefore, animals bought from primary markets are taken to slaughter houses without prior check ups and can result in spreading of livestock diseases. Investors are encouraged to invest in such market infrastructures eg. primary and secondary holding grounds, stock routes and check points. Livestock diseases pose another threat to the development of this sector in rukwa region. Joint efforts are needed between the private sector service providers and the governments by supplying the necessary expertise with minimum facilities for effective disease diagnosis, treatment and control. 12 3.2.3. Land Issues Despite of their significant contribution to the development of the agricultural sector and the promotion of the economy, high cattle population against available land has been a threat to the regions' environment and social conflicts between farmers and livestock keepers in Rukwa region. This has lead to formation of local mediation fora between the two groups based on what is commonly known as Tamko la Mtowisa of 2000 (Mtowisa Resolution of 2000) that aimed at resolving the conflicts between pastoralists and farmers and also help to protect the environment in the region.. Deliberate efforts are needed to make livestock keepers acquire land and settle them for better production and be able to meet the need of the livestock market. 3.2.4. Way Forward Possible interventions needed are: · To demarcate and allocate land for permanent grazing for pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. · Improve natural pastures and produce improved pasture seeds and · Manage noxious weeds in natural range and pastures. More efforts are emphasized on the following: · Demarcation and development of land for livestock production. · Rehabilitation and maintenance of livestock support infrastructures. · Livestock harvesting. · Improvement in livestock breeding. · Establish reliable inputs distribution network. · Strategic control of epidemics. · Promotion of commercial livestock enterprises. · Improvement of livestock extension services, and · Need for demand-oriented participatory research and environment conservation. 3.2.5. Identified Opportunities for Investments TM Ranches for modern livestock keeping TM Establishment of `zero grazing' and `feedlot' farms TM Poultryfarms TM Modern abattoirs TM Tanneries TM Industries for processing of livestock by-products (horns, hoofs, leather, etc.) TM Industries for animal feed 3.3. Fisheries Rukwa region is located between two lakes - Lake Tanganyika and LakeRukwa and has two big rivers, Ugalla and Sitalike. There are other small lakes and rivers all with reliable fish population. 13 The variety of fish available in the region includes sardines, tilapia, nile perch, mud fish, English fish, Luciolates strapessil "migebuka" and various spices of decorative fish species. The fishing industry is active and there is notable fish business currently going on within and outside Rukwa region to Zambia and DRC Statistics show that fish produced between 1997 and 2002 in Rukwa region totaled 102,260 tons worth TShs 3.453 billion. Most of the fish is caught in Nkasi district (99%). There are hippos and crocodiles in the region. Crocodile farming is conducted at Muze village near Lake Rukwa. The fish industry has not been fully exploited due to lack of modern fishing equipment, storage facilities, transportation problems and poor extension service. Opportunities There are many Lakes and rivers in the region Obstacles Use of obsolete fishing gears; Lack of reliable fish market; Insufficient capital for procurement of modern fishing equipment. 3.3.1. Identified Opportunities for Investments TM Aquaculture (Fish Farms, fish processing, etc) TM Marketing of decorative fish TM Crocodile farming 3.4. Forestry Natural forests reserves occupy about 43% of Rukwa region, much of this being situated in Mpanda district. The table shows the areas covered by forests in every district. Table 8: Area covered by Forests by District Council Total land area (ha) Area covered by forests reserves (ha) Mpanda 4,584,300 2,801,169 Sumbawanga Rural 1,208,800 22,334 Nkasi 937,500 3,367 Sumbawanga Municipal 132,900 334 Total 6,863,500 2,827,204 Forest products are harvested from the Miombo Woodlands, which are predominant in Mpanda and Nkasi districts and where commercially valuable timber such as Mninga (Pterocarpus 14 angolensis) are found. Forest products include timber, fuel wood and charcoal, honey and beeswax. Timber finds its market locally in the region's towns but the bulk of it is exported to other regions, including; Tabora, Mwanza, Dodoma, Morogoro and Dar es Salaam. Of the 1.5 million hectares of the plateau, over 700,000 hectares of land are completely deforested resulting in great shortage of wood for both construction and fuel. The situation forces women to travel long distances searching for fuelwood. Efforts are being made to set aside specific areas and hills for regeneration, protect water sources and encourage Local Authorities to buy black wattle seeds for distribution and planting in the villages. 3.4.1. Beekeeping Honey and beeswax have for a long time been produced by traditional beekeepers especially in Mpanda District. Reliable production data is hard to obtain in virtually all districts in the region. However, the table below provides information on the total production and value for the period of five years from1997 to 2001. Table 9: Honey and Beeswax Production (1997 ­ 2001) Honey Beeswax Council Production (Tons) Value (TShs) Production (Tons) Value (TShs) Mpanda 822 231,419,825 455 143,122,000 Nkasi 17 4,590,000 1 1,238,400 Sumbawanga Rural 0.17 645,380 0.14 98,900 Sumbawanga Municipal - - - - Region Total 839.17 236,655,205 456.14 144,459,300 Tanzania honey has proved to be among the best in the world and can comfortably compete with honey from Australia, China, Mexico and Saudi Arabia if its potential can be fully taped. The current production of honey country-wide is only about 3.5% of the production potential3. Given the good demand and market for these products, this sub-sector should be developed and improved through the introduction of modern honey/wax production. 3.4.2. Wildlife The region has several game reserves and game controlled areas. There have been substantial revenues earned from local and tourist hunting in game reserved areas in the region. A total of TShs 105,558,216 was earned from hunting between 1997 and 2002. The revenue have been declining during the period under reference and so is the number of animals hunted. Reasons for decline could be poaching. 3Source: `Trade Currents' published by Board of Eternal Trade (July- September 2006 issue) 15 3.4.3. Identified Opportunities for Investments TM Plantations for carbon trading TM Soft wood plantations (pine) TM Modern beekeeping (honey and beeswax) TM Wattle plantations TM Wood industries (hard and soft wood) TM Plantation of jatropha for bio-fuel TM Snake farms 3.5. Tourism The Government of Tanzania views tourism as a significant industry in terms of job creation, poverty alleviation, and foreign exchange earnings. Most investors are competing for the overdeveloped Northern Circuit and only a few have discovered the potentiality of the South Western Tanzania. Rukwa Region has great potential for tourism. Despite its many tourist attractions as seen in the table below, the tourism sector is still underdeveloped in Rukwa region. Table 10: Tourist Attractions and Locations S/N Touristy Attraction Location (district) 1 Katavi National Park Mpanda 2 Old Bismark Fort at Kasanga Sumbawanga Rural 3 The Kalambo falls Sumbawanga Rural 4 Hot springs at Usevya Mpanda 5 Lake Rukwa scenery from the Ufipa escarpment Sumbawanga Rural / Nkasi 6 Lake Tanganyika shore Nkasi / Mpanda 7 Red Columbus in Mbizi forest Sumbawanga Municipality 8 Chimpanzee in Mkwamba Game reserve Mpanda 9 Game reserves (Uwanda, Lwafi, Ugalla) Mpanda, Nkasi 10 Game controlled areas (Msima (Inyonga), Mlele North, Lake Kwale) Mpanda A tourist hotel is being constructed in Kipili area on an island called Mwandakelenge in Lake Tanganyika (Nkasi District). Except for the Katavi National Park which is managed by Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA), information and statistics on other tourist attraction in Rukwa region are limited. 3.5.1. Katavi National Park Katavi National Park which covers 4,471 sq. km. was established in 1974 and is said to be the most undisturbed, vast natural and pristine park. It is the third largest park in the country after Serengeti and Ruaha. The main tourist activities in the park include; game viewing, short walks (escorted by armed rangers) and visit to the tamarind tree inhabited by the spirit of the legendary hunter, Katabi after whom the park is named. Efforts are now going on to promote cultural and eco-tourism in the Rukwa region. 16 There has been gradual increase in the number of tourists visiting the park as shown in the table below: Table 11: Number of tourists visiting Katavi National Park (2001 ­ 2006) Year 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 (estimates) No. of tourists 591 709 942 1,651 1,516 1,700 (1,592 up to Feb '07) TANAPA has currently accommodation facilities (in form huts `bandas' for 20 people and tourist companies establish tent camps hut in the park.. Some four sites have been identified for putting up a high class camping facilities. Construction of permanent structures as hotels is not encouraged in order to maintain nature-based tourism with low impact on environment and maintaining wilderness character of the park. TANAPA is responsible for maintaining the roads within the park and is concerned with the poor condition of the trunk and regional roads that pass through the park. There are two airstrips also maintained by TANAPA. A program to establish `Wildlife Management Areas' which will involve villages surrounding the park has been initiated (piloted in two villages) and this is expected to be a source of income to villages. TANAPA is supporting many development programs in the region. Marketing of the Park is being done by the Tanzania Tourist Board (TTB), TANAPA and tour operators. Efforts to promote local tourism are being considered and TANAPA intends to do this through the media and visiting institutions. Accessibility and lack of adequate facilities to attract tourists in Rukwa region remains a challenge. Tourist industry can only be developed around these potential areas by improving communication and infrastructure around them. Transportation problems coupled with unreliability of other necessary factors for tourism growth such as water, power, communications and financial services reduce the pace at which tourism could grow in Rukwa region. Influx of refugees and armed bandits from neighboring conflict-prone countries like DRC, Rwanda and Burundi pose a big challenge to the peace and security of the citizens as well as development of a meaningful tourism industry, which hinges strongly on safety and security. (Outcome of the WB study on Identifying Solutions for Sustaining Shared Growth in Tanzania's Tourism Industry) 3.5.2. Identified Opportunities for Investments TM Accommodation facilities in all touristyplaces TM Include other attractions (including eco-tourism) in the tour packages TM Tour operating companies in Rukwa region TM Banking institutions to provide more credit cards facilities TM Improve existing facilities (hotels and lodges) to standards acceptable to tourists TM Establish center for marketing of cultural products TM Professional hunting is needed. 17 3.6. Mining Due to its geological framework, Rukwa region is endowed with abundant mineral deposits of different kinds including precious metals, base metals, gemstones, industrial minerals, and building materials. Table below shows types of minerals and the locations in Rukwa region: Table 12: Minerals of Rukwa and their locations S/N Mineral Location District Mkwamba, Chemchem, Uruwira, Sikitiko, Kapapa, Singililwa, Ibindi, Magomamoto, Maisope, Njiapanda, Kapanda, Mwenge, 1 Gold Mpanda Society-Mgamba, D-Reef, Katuma, Katisunga, Kanyega, Twamba, Simbwesa and Karema. 2 Silver Mkwamba, Chemchem, Mnyakaliza, Uruwira, and Nsimbo Mpanda 3 Platinum Mibango area located northwest of Mwese Mpanda 4 Bismuth Mkwamba, Chemchem, Mnyakaliza, Uruwira, and Nsimbo Mpanda Visinity of Mpanda, Karema, Singililwa, Twamba, Kasanga and 5 Copper Mpanda, Sumbawanga Rural Kapapa 6 Lead Mkwamba, Chemchem, Mnyakaliza, Uruwira, and Nsimbo Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural, 7 Zinc Kasanga-Kirando areas on the Lake Tanganyika shores Nkasi 8 Chromium Twamba Hill in the Karema area Mpanda 9 Manganese Manyoro (Kanyamkaa) in the Katavi National Park Mpanda 10 Nickel Kungwe Bay of Lake Tanganyika Mpanda 11 Tungsten Ibindi Njiapanda Mpanda 12 Uranium Mpanda Niobium Metals Sangu-Ikola area near Karema in the vicinity Lake Tanganyika 13 (Tantalum & Mpanda Shores Columbium) Titanium and 14 Mtemba and Mkwemba wards Zirconium Nkasi 15 Emerald Mponda Village Sumbawanga Municipal 16 Aquamarine Mlombo a few km east of Lake Kwela Sumbawanga Rural Sumbawanga Rural 17 Burma Ruby Chala, Katuka and Kantawa Sumbawanga Municipal Nkasi 18 Zircon Nzombo located a few km north of Matala Village Nkasi Piezoelectric 19 Quartz (Crystal Matala Village, Karema Sumbawanga Municipal Rock) Mkombe area located north of Kabwe Village on the shores of 20 Moonstone Nkasi Lake Tanganyika Kapalamsenga southeast of Karema, Chala, Swaila, Lyele, and Mpanda 21 Green Tourmaline Tambaruka in Mkwamba ward Nkasi 22 Garnets Kantawa Nkasi 23 Amethyst Northeast of Kasu and north of Lyazumbi Nkasi 24 Topaz Karema on the shores of Lake Tanganyika Mpanda Sumbawanga Municipal 25 Coal Muze, Namwele and Mkomolo areas Sumbawanga Rural Nkasi 26 Mica Sibwesa Mpanda 27 Kaolin Along the Sumbawanga ­ Kasanga Road Sumbawanga Rural 28 Limonite Mbuga located 12 miles from Namwele Village Sumbawanga Municipal 18 S/N Mineral Location District Nitre (Potassium 29 Ugalla River near Ugalla Mpanda Nitrate) Although sulphur is not being mentioned, there are indications of the mineral being available in Sumbawanga Municipal area. Hard rocks and sand are plentiful for building materials. Except for the quantity of coal which is estimated to be 18 million metric tons, there is no information on approximate quantities of other various minerals in the region. The mineral exploration and prospecting activities that have been done in the region is very minimal. Large numbers of the mineral occurrences are still unevaluated. 3.6.1. Mineral Prospecting and Mining There are about 33 Prospecting Licenses (PLs) held by different companies in the region but only eleven PLs are working actively. There are 35 valid Primary Prospecting Licenses (PPLs) for prospecting various types of minerals in Rukwa region. Small scale mineral prospectors help a lot to discover new occurrences of minerals and sometimes result into a mineral rush. Rukwa Region has two large scale mineral rights. They are for gold and galena. One is located at Singililwa and at Nyakaliza areas respectively in Mpanda District. There are 215 valid Primary Mining Licenses (PML) for Small Scale Miners in Rukwa Region. They are for different types of minerals (gold, lead, gemstones, coal and building materials). Sumbawanga District has 96 PMLs, Mpanda District 98 PMLs and Nkasi District 21 PMLs. A large number of these licenses are not active due to lack of capital. Large scale coal mining has started in Sumbawanga Rural District. A company named Upendo Group Ltd operating from Sumbawanga ventured in coal mining from 2004. It is currently extracting and supplying to consumers about 500 tons of coal per month. The firm has identified possible markets for a total of 6,000 tons per month but has not been able to supply the same due to (i) inadequate operating equipment, and (ii) poor road conditions making transportation of the coal to the markets very expensive. Opportunities ¾ Presence of favorable policies/acts and regulations (The Mineral Policy (1997), Mining act (1998) and Mining Regulations (1999) ¾ Mineral prospecting for small, medium and large scale investors ¾ Market for equipment used for prospecting and mining ¾ Markets for consumables including explosives, fuel, etc Obstacles ¾ Lack of capital ¾ Unreliable infrastructure ¾ Lack of technology, equipment, tools and explosives ¾ Lack of Environmental Management knowledge 19 ¾ Lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS ¾ Lack of information about available minerals and their prices 3.6.2. Identified Opportunities for Investments TM Mineral prospecting TM Mining TM Supplyof equipment and materials for mineral prospecting and mining TM Establish centers for value addition of minerals TM Mineral trading TM Provision of Laboratory services 4. SOCIAL SECTORS 4.1. Education 4.1.1. Pre Primary Education There are 333 pre-primary school classes with 2,283 streams in Rukwa region with a total of 17,552 children (9,276 boys and 8,276 girls between 5 ­ 6). 4.1.2. Primary Education As per April 2007 Cluster Social Services, Rukwa region had 511 Primary Schools out of which 510 are public primary schools and one private school with a total of 188,672 children (96,327 boys and 92,143.girls-aged between 7 ­ 9 years. There are 2,159 permanent classrooms and 2,846 teachers. This translates to one teacher to students ratio of 1:66. To meet the ideal ratio of 1:40, additional 1,859 teachers are required in Rukwa region. Table 13 shows the number of primary school classrooms, children and teachers by districts. Table 13: Number of classrooms, children and teachers Classrooms and Number of Pupils Number of Teachers Streams Council Grade B (IIIB) Grade A (IIIA) C/Rooms Streams Boys Girls Total M F T M F T Mpanda 884 2,637 51,196 48,934 10,0130 232 50 282 855 492 1,347 Nkasi 513 1,788 25,404 24,466 49,870 169 35 204 326 169 495 S'wanga (M) 482 1,069 20,928 21,162 42,090 72 104 176 222 300 522 S'wanga (R) 1,164 2,151 50,195 46,517 96,712 364 104 468 644 295 939 Total 3,043 7,645 147,723 141,079 288,802 837 293 1,130 2,047 1,256 3,303 Diploma Degree Total Council Deficit % M F T M F T M F T Mpanda 36 5 41 - - - 1,123 547 1670 834 33.31 Nkasi 12 1 13 - - - 507 265 712 523 42.34 S'wanga (M) 11 4 15 2 - 2 307 408 715 338 32.03 S'wanga (R) 12 - 12 - - - 1,020 399 1,419 999 41.31 Total 71 10 81 2 - 2 2,957 1,619 4,516 2,694 39 Source: Cluster of Social Services 20 Academic performance in primary schools is somehow satisfactory. The rate of passing examination in standard IV in 2006 was 84.72% that is higher compared to 2005 (.89.15.%). As for standard VII, the rate increased from 49.53% in 2004, 60.68% in 2005 and 78.53% in 2006. 4.1.3. Post Primary Vocational Technical Training There are eight (8) Post Primary Vocational Technical Centres in the region offering vocational training; 3 in Mpanda, 2 in Nkasi, 2 in Sumbawanga Rural and 1 in Sumbawanga municipal. Problems facing the centres are: ¾ Shortage of teachers (requirement 62, available 51) ¾ Shortage of classrooms rooms ¾ Outdated equipment/facilities (32 years old) 4.1.4. Secondary Education The region has a total of 75 secondary schools, among which 65 are public and 10 are privately owned. Public secondary schools have a total of 19,076 students (.11, 794. boys and 8, 286 girls) from Form I ­ IV. Distribution of secondary schools in each council is as seen in table 14. Table 14: Total number of secondary schools in each council COUNCIL PUBLIC SCHOOL NON-GOVERN. TOTAL Mpanda 16 4 20 Nkasi 11 - 11 Sumbawanga Municipal 14 4 18 Sumbawanga Rural 24 2 26 Total 65 10 75 Among these secondary schools, seventy of them provide `O' level secondary education and the remaining five provide secondary education up to `A' level. Total number of students who joined secondary education in public secondary schools increased from 1,827 in 2001 to 8,797 in 2007. Table 15 shows the trend of pupils joining secondary schools from 2001 ­ 2007. Efforts are directed to increase the number of secondary schools to be able to enroll all pupils who pass their primary schools exams. Table 15: Number of pupils joining secondary schools (2001 ­ 2006) Passed Selected to join secondary school Year % Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total 2001 2,007 1,053 3,060 888 939 1,827 89.7 2002 2,226 1,096 3,322 897 854 1,751 52.7 2003 3,551 1,997 5,509 1,135 1,115 2,250 40.84 2004 3,651 2,012 5,663 1,607 1,473 3,080 54.38 2005 4,523 2,596 7,119 1,914 1,758 3,672 51.58 2006 6,940 4,262 11,202 5,199 3,602 8,797 78.53 Source: Cluster of Social Service 21 4.1.5. Hostels for Boys and Girls As stated above the region has 75 secondary schools. Only 21 of these schools have hostels, many of them being below standards. Many students walk long distances of up to 9 kms daily to secondary schools. There is therefore a high demand for boarding/hostel facilities. . 4.1.6. Level of Literacy: Literacy is the ability to read and write with an understanding of a short simple statement on everyday life. According to population and housing census of 2002, there are 908,670 total number of population in five year and above age group in Rukwa Region, out of whom 479,440 or 53 % were literate. Among literates, 55 percent were males and 45 per cent females. Table 16 shows the level of literacy in each council. Table 16: Level of literacy in each council Population Literate Literacy % Council Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Mpanda 161,936 169,774 331,710 91,327 74,401 165,731 56 44 50 Nkasi 81,565 84,130 165,697 46,505 36,671 83,175 57 44 50 S'wanga (M) 56,620 61,611 118,230 39,641 38,960 78,602 70 63 66 S'wanga (R) 142,341 150,695 293,036 85,384 66,549 151,935 60 44 52 Rukwa 442,461 466,209 908,670 262,856 216,584 479,440 59 46 53 Region Population ­ five age group and above. The level of literacy in the region was higher among males than among females. This high level of illiteracy has also contributed to low development of the region. There are some initiatives being taken to eradicate illiteracy.. The initiatives taken include: TM Sensitization of Communities and parents towards education and understand the basic rights to unschooled children TM Sensitization of parents having children not completing primary schools due to various reasons e.g. pregnancy, to join a program known as Complimentary Basic Education in Tanzania (COBET). . TM Mobilizing adults to join adult classes under a special programme known as Integrated Community Based Adult Education (ICBAE). 4.1.7. Colleges/Universities Rukwa region has one Teachers Training College-Sumbawanga Teachers College that produces Grade IIIA Teachers with certificates in Domestic Science. The region has an Open University Centre which came into operation since 21st September 2000. To date, the centre has already awarded diploma and degrees to 22 candidates in different fields. Opportunities: 1. Existence of enough areas for building secondary schools at ward level 2. Good number of students to join primary and secondary education 22 3. People who are able to join COBET education programme 4. Availability of Institute of Adult Education centre Obstacles 1. Limited awareness of people on education 2. Shortage of classrooms 3. Scarcity of books and various school requirements 4. Shortage of teachers of various professional especially science subjects 5. Lack of hostels for students 6. Shortage of accommodation facilities for teachers 4.1.8. Identified Opportunities for Investments TM Secondaryschools TM Vocational training centres TM Teachers training colleges 4.2. Health The Health Sector in Rukwa region is still underdeveloped and it is characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality due to inadequate resources. Table 17 shows the number and ownership of health facilities in the region Table 17: Number and ownership of health facilities (2006) Dispensaries Health Centres Hospitals Council Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Mpanda 36 4 40 8 1 9 1 - 1 Nkasi 32 2 34 3 4 7 - 1 1 S`wanga (M) 15 2 17 1 1 2 1 1 2 S`wanga (R) 81 4 86 7 2 9 - - - Rukwa Region 164 12 177 19 8 27 2 2 4 In consideration of the population in the region, the number of health facilities serves the population in ratios shown in Table 18. Table 18: Facilities to population ratio indicators S/N Indicators Ratios 1 Health centre population ratio 1:47,432 2 Dispensary population ratio 1:6,979 3 Hospital bed Per population ratio 151:2572 4.2.1. Common Diseases The common diseases which cause higher morbidity and mortality rates includes: Malaria, Diarrhea, ARI, HIV/AIDS/STI, Tuberculosis, Anemia, Meningitis etc. The maternal mortality rate is 187/100,000, infant mortality rate is 87/1000, the under five mortality rate is 175/1000 and Severe malnutrition is 155 percent. 23 4.2.2. Health Staff The region has acute shortage of trained medical staff, attributed to stigma which existed for many years in Rukwa Region. The Doctor/Population ratio is 1:162,500 while the Nurse/Population ratio is 1:20,000 (National Average - Doctor 1:25,000 and Nurse 1:6,000). The table below shows the status of the health staff in the region Table 19: Trained health staff cadre situation in Rukwa Region S/N Category Available Deficit 1. Specialist doctors 2 8 2. Medical doctor 5 17 3. Dental surgeon 1 5 4. Assistant Medical officers 11 50 5. Clinical officers 116 390 6. Nursing officers 58 100 7. Nurse midwives 186 300 8. Pharmacist 1 5 9 Medical Laboratory technician 3 20 10. Radiographers 2 8 11. Health officers 35 17 12 Others 440 500 Total 860 1,420 The Life expectancy according to 2002 census was 55 years. However, in recent years this has been reduced to about 45 years due to HIV/AIDS pandemic. . The health sector is seriously under funded despite the fact that it is a priority sector in the Poverty Reduction Strategy, and despite the fact that a health population is a basic ingredient of economic growth. Lack of funds, however, is not the only cause of the weak health system. Under skilled and de-motivated personnel, deficiencies in quality of care, weak and confusing management systems, lack of information provided to health consumers, and lack of access by the very poor to treatment characterizes much of the current situation. These factors, and more, have resulted in an health care system that requires not only massive investment of funds but also a renewed commitment and vision among all actors - government, policy makers, donors, non-governmental organization, faith based organisation, heath worker themselves and others to generate fundamental change. The main sources of fund for health sector from the government and basket funds which are not adequate to support and sustain health services in Rukwa region. Proposals for the following projects are being prepared (with estimated costs in bracket): (i) Malaria project (641m/-) (ii) Comprehensive Eye care project (250m/-) (iii) Infrastructure Rehabilitation (1,900m/-) (iv) Dental out reach programme (260m/-) 24 The Catholic Mission is assisting in establishment of a nursing college in Nkasi and the Government is reviving the Mpanda clinical officer's college as a way of addressing the shortage of health staff in Rukwa region.. There are, however, insufficient funds to finalize these programs. Another initiative being promoted is establishment of a special fund by the region to be used to attract people to work in Rukwa (by paying them extra allowances to meet their basic needs). 4.2.3. HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS infection in the region has been rising steadily since 1994. The region's number of AIDS cases diagnosed rose from 323 cases in 1995 to 807 in 2000. This represents a 150% increase for both sexes. Women cases rose by 165% while those of men rose by 136%. Districts hardest hit are Sumbawanga Municipality where the increase in male cases was 356% while those of females increased by 417%. Nkasi district was the safest by showing declined rate of 1% for both sexes (Regional Social economic profile, 2003). Current Status of HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment · Cumulative AIDS cases for the past 20 years since the first report AIDS case in 1986 amount to over 9,000 · Due to under reporting, it is estimated that only one case in five cases is reported. This means that a cumulative total of 40,000 cases are likely to have occurred up to December, 2005 · The overall prevalence HIV infection among blood donors was 18.1 percent (in 2005 a total of 3931 donated blood and out of them 713 were positive). Mpanda district with 23 percent, Nkasi district with 18 percent and Sumbawanga municipal was 10.2 percent prevalence. In 2006/07 the overall prevalence is around 9 ­ 10 percent · The overall prevalence of syphilis in ANC was 5.7 percent. Nkasi District had the highest prevalence of 12.6 percent. The lowest was Mpanda district with prevalence of 3.3 percent and Sumbawanga Municipal had 4.0 percent as well as Sumbawanga districts was 8.5 percent · In 2005 a total of 15,000 Episodes of STI were reported. The common reported STD syndromes were GDS, GUD, PID and UTI · Major determinants of HIV/AIDS in Rukwa Region includes, wife inheritance, alcoholism, polygamy, early marriage, illiteracy, unsafe traditional healers practice, mobile population groups and poverty especially among girls and women Table 20: Cumulative HIV/AIDS Cases from 1986 to 2005 by districts CASES S/N DISTRICT TOTAL MALE FEMALE 1. Sumbawanga Municipal 1,503 1,342 2,845 2 Sumbawanga District 1,310 1,107 2,417 3 Nkasi 740 621 1,361 4 Mpanda 1,352 1,166 2,518 TOTAL 4,905 4,236 9,141 25 Opportunity · Sufficient number for curative and preventive centres at Regional, divisional, Ward and village levels. Obstacles Lack of funds for equipping, modernising and maintaining the health facilities; Lack of curative and preventive experts at all levels; Shortage of working tools such as ambulance etc.; Shortage of accommodation for doctors at regional and district levels. 4.2.4. Identified Opportunities for Investments TM Health centres TM Hospitals TM Training institutions for health profession 5. INFRASTRUCTURE Rukwa region is one of the remotest regions in Tanzania, far from the commercial and administrative centers of Dar es Salaam and Dodoma respectively. Iinfrastructure in the region is below standards and is an impediment to growth of the region 5.1. Transport Transport is an important sector in the whole process of development and poverty alleviation. Its effectiveness, appropriateness and adequacy contribute a lot to the successful implementation of socioeconomic activities. The impact of having such a transport system is lowering of domestic production cost through timely delivery, enhancing economies of scale in the production process and creating economic opportunities. The economic opportunities include ease of market access; strengthening of competition; promotion of trade, tourism and foreign investment; contribution to government revenue and generation of a large number of employment opportunities There are four transport modes serving Rukwa region: (i) roads, (ii) railways (iii) lake, and (iv) air. The transport system has failed to meet the demand of the region and has contributed a lot to slow development of the region. 5.1.1. Road Transport Road transport is the most used mode and accounts for more than 90% of goods and passenger transport in the region. The region has a network of 4,540.kms of roads of different classes as shown in the table below. Table 21: Road classes and lengths per district (km) Council Trunk Regional District Feeder Urban Total Mpanda 477.7 394.8 697.4 18.8 - 1,588.7 Sumbawanga Rural 178 560.7 190 773 - 1,701.7 Nkasi 111 259 404 159 - 933 Sumbawanga Municipal 47 - 31 152 87 317 Total 813.7 1.214.5 1,322.4 1,102.8 87 4,540.4 26 Trunk and regional roads are managed by TANROADS and the remaining network is under the LGAs. The table below shows the road density in each district. Sumbawanga Municipality has the highest road density while Mpanda district has the lowest. Table 22: Road density in the various districts: District Land area (sq. km) Total road length Road density (km per 100 sq km) Mpanda 45,843 1,588.7 3.4 Sumbawanga Rural 12,088 1,701.7 14.1 Nkasi 9,375 933 10 Sumbawanga Municipal 1,329 317 23.9 Total 68,635 4,540.4 6.6 Mpanda district has the lowest road density because most of its area is covered by forests reserves, national park and game controlled area. The roads in the national parks and forest reserves have not been considered as they are not classified and are managed by the respective authorities.. Out of the total road network of 4,719km, only 8.5km are paved and 320 km graveled. The rest are earth roads. By April 2007, almost the whole network was in bad to poor condition. This is a result of the abnormally continuous rains which started in October 2006 and stopped around mid March 2007. However the government has allocated TShs 847 Mio to repair the damaged sections of the roads. There are scheduled passenger buses operating along the major routes of the region namely: i) Sumbawanga -Tunduma ­ Mbeya (3 buses daily, fare TShs 12,000 for 310 kms) ii) Sumbawanga ­ Mpanda ­ (2 buses daily, fare TShs 9,000 for 240 kms) iii) Sumbawanga ­ Kirando iv) Sumbawanga ­ Namanyere v) Sumbawanga ­ Matai ­ Kasanga vi) Sumbawanga ­ Kaengesa ­ Mwimbi vii) Sumabwanga ­ Laela viii) Mpanda ­ Sitalike ­ Mamba ix) Mpanda ­ Inyonga The bus fares of approximately TShs 38/- per kilometre are far high than those charged on good paved roads which range from TShs 20/- to 22 per kilometre. Buses stopped operating along the Sumbawanga ­ Mpanda, Sumbawanga ­ Kasanga and Chala ­ Namanyere ­ Kirando roads around December 2006. The authority responsible for trunk roads, TANROADS, was forced to limit the weight of vehicles plying on some of the trunk roads to 10 Tons GVM to stop further deterioration of the roads. This caused significant inconvenience to travelers and the only vehicles which managed to transport people were 4WD pick-up trucks which charged three times the fare that buses were charging. 27 Goods transportation is also expensive. Rates range from TShs 200 to 300 per ton per kilometer depending on condition of the road. The rate on good paved roads is approximately TShs 40 per ton per kilometre All the trunk roads, with exception of the section from Inyonga to Tabora border, are said to be passable throughout (un-seasonal).This is also the case for the regional roads except for the road from Sitalike to Kilyamatundu via Muze which is seasonal due to lack of bridges at river crossings. Many of the district and feeder road are seasonal.. The percentage of roads under the LGAs which are seasonal are: Sumbawanga (R)- 36%, Sumbawanga (M) -52%, Nkasi 66%% and Mpanda - 60% The other notable road transport problem is lack of direct connectivity between villages/important centers located along the Lake Tanganyika shores namely Karema, Kabwe, Kirando and Kipili. At the moment, one has to travel via the Sumbawanga ­ Mpanda trunk road to reach the other village. However, people use small boats to travel along the coast line of the lake. However this is not safe and low cargo carrying capacity. The source of funds for maintenance of the roads is the Road Fund. The Table 23 shows the trend of funds received by TANROADS and LGAs from the Road Fund and other sources for maintenance of the roads during the last three years. The table below illustrates the situation. Table 23: Funds received by road authorities for maintenance of roads from the Roads fund (2004/05 ­ 2006/07) Kilometres Average under TShs per Council 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 Total jurisdiction kilometre of authority per year Mpanda 149,052,920 159,630,000 133,200,000 441,882,920 715 618,000 Nkasi 153,500,000 157,630,000 145,800,000 456,930,000 563 812,000 Sumbawanga (M) 185,500,000 174,630,000 164,000,000 524,130,000 271 1,934,000 Sumbawanga (R) 119,000,000 154,640,000 146,600,000 420,240,000 963 436,000 TANROADS 1,989,732,702 2,068,717,092 2,488,000,000 6,546,449,794 2,028 3,230,000 Total 2,596,785,622 2,715,247,092 3,077,600,000 8,389,632,714 Funds that have been spent on roads development programs in the past three years are seen in the Table 24. The sources of these funds are the Road Fund (development component) and other programs with roads improvements components (such as AMSDP) Table 24: Funds spent for road development works (2004/05 ­ 2006/07) Council 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 Total Mpanda 112,947,080 140,000,000 125,000,000 377,947,080 Nkasi - 94,000,000 20,000,000 114,000,000 Sumbawanga Municipal - - - - Sumbawanga Rural - 50,000,000 45,000,000 95,000,000 TANROADS 427,609,900 800,100,000 1,996,000,000 3,223,709,900 Total 540,556,980 1,084,100,000 2,041,000,000 3,318,709,900 28 A program to improve the condition of roads in the region includes paving of sections of trunk roads and rehabilitation of a number of trunk and regional roads. The timetable for these improvements is shown on the Table 25 below: Table 25: Roads to be improved in the near future Classification and Road name Planned improvements Time scale Remarks length (km) Tunduma - - Funding sources still being Trunk - 230 Upgrading to paved standard 2008 - 2010 Sumbawanga negotiated (possibly the MCC) Rehabilitation to gravel IDA funding - Guaranteed Sumbawanga ­ Trunk ­ 230 standard and continuous 2007 - 2012 maintenance for 5 years after Mpanda maintenance rehabilitation Rehabilitation to gravel IDA funding - Guaranteed Chala ­ Katongoro ­ Regional - 87 standard and continuous 2007 - 2012 maintenance for 5 years after Kirando maintenance rehabilitation Rehabilitation to gravel IDA funding - Guaranteed Kipili ­ Katongoro Regional - 6 standard and continuous 2007 - 2012 maintenance for 5 years after maintenance rehabilitation Rehabilitation to gravel IDA funding - Guaranteed Ntendo ­ Muze Regional - 37 standard and continuous 2007 - 2012 maintenance for 5 years after maintenance rehabilitation Muze ­ Regional - 148 Upgrading to gravel standard 2008-2009 DANIDA funding Kilyamatundu Kagwira ­ Karema Regional ­ 75 km out Upgrading to gravel standard 2006/2007 NORAD funding (partly) of 112 km Other on-going activities related to roads are (i) detailed engineering design for upgrading of the Sumbawanga ­ Mpanda road (235 km) to paved standards and (ii) feasibility study and preliminary design for upgrading to paved standards of the roads from Sumbawanga to Kasesya and Matai to Kasanga all with a total of 151 km. and (iii) feasibility study and preliminary design for upgrading to paved standards of the Mpanda - Nyakanazi trunk road. The region considers the Sumbawanga to Kasesya and Matai to Kasanga roads as more important as they connect the region to the main markets of its agricultural produce, Zambia and the DRC. There is shortage of road construction and maintenance equipment in the region and this has contributed to untimely maintenance resulting to deterioration of the roads. The plant hire equipment unit in Mbeya has not been able to meet the demand of Rukwa region and it is strongly recommended to arrange for availability of the equipment in the region through equipping the TANROADS Regional Office or establishment of an independent equipment hire unit. 5.1.2. Railway Transport A railway line 210 km long provides a thrice weekly passenger and goods transport services to the northern part of the region from Mpanda to Kaliua in Tabora region. . After strengthening of the line during the last few years, the railway service is now more reliable but in most cases does not meet the demand of the users. Non-availability of sufficient wagons at critical periods when cattle and agricultural produce (maize, rice and tobacco) need to be transported to the markets has been experienced. TRC is about to be concessioned to a private operator. The concession agreement requires the operator to maintain passenger services. It remains to be seen if the quality of service 29 will improve. Additional goods trains are occasionally provided when there is high demand for transportation of goods. 5.1.3. Lake Transport Lake transport plays a significant role in serving the people living along the shores of Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa. Two commercial ships (Mwongozo and Liemba) operate on Lake Tanganyika and serve the villages/centres of Kabwe, Karema, Korongwe, Ninde, Wampembe, Kala, Ikola, Kirando, Kipili and Kasanga. With exception of Kasanga where there is a landing platform, the ships are forced to anchor some distance from the shore (about 1 to 1.5 nautical miles) and passengers are transported by small boats to the ships. Marine services link the region with neighbouring countries of Zambia, DRC and Burundi as well as to Kigoma region Transportation within Lake Rukwa is by boats. The Tanzania Ports Authority (TPA), responsible for the marine and lake ports, intends to conduct a Strategic Port Master Plan study which will determine the short and long term developmental requirements of all ports, i.e. sea ports and inland waterways ports. It is expected that implementation of projects identified in the Master Plan (including the ports in lake Tanganyika) will commence and be completed during the coming five years. Meanwhile, TPA intends to carry out emergency maintenance of the Kasanga port to improve its performance. Funds are being sought to improve the port facilities of the other villages/centres, priority being Kipili, Kabwe and Ikola. 5.1.4. Air Transport There are three public airports and more than 10 private airstrips in Rukwa region. The public airports are located in Sumbawanga, Mpanda and Inyonga. No commercial planes are serving Rukwa region. The status of the three public airports and traffic levels during the last three years is shown below: Table 26: Data on Government Airports in Rukwa region Aircraft movements Airport Capacity 2004 2005 2006 1,300 mtrs gravel runway Sumbawanga Can handle up to 20 Tonnes aircrafts (Fokker 50 ­ 45 passengers) Operational all year day time only 58 122 126 1,450 mtrs gravel runway Mpanda Can handle up to 20 Tonnes aircrafts (Fokker 50 ­ 45 passengers) Operational all year day time only 206 177 191 850 mtrs gravel runway Inyonga Can handle up to 5 Tonnes aircrafts (Cessna 406 ­ 11 passengers) Operational all year day time only 18 6 8 According to Tanzania Airports Authority (TAA), the airports of Sumbawanga and Mpanda can be used for commercial purposed (passengers and cargo) using the small aircrafts. However some improvements need to be done on a few areas e.g. fire fighting facilities. Precision Air intends to introduce commercial flights to Sumbawanga and Mpanda if the airports are improved to standards required. 30 TAA is about to launch a study for the feasibility of the improvement of Sumbawanga airport, including the preparation of bidding documents (if feasible). Such airport improvement might be financed under a future IDA credit. Operational problems reported include: ¾ Outdated fire fighting equipment at Sumbawanga airport ¾ Lack of fire fighting equipment at Mpanda and Inyonga airports ¾ Lack of fence around the airports encourage trespassing Many of the privately operated airstrips are in Mpanda district. Katavi National Park has three un- seasonal airstrips within the park area. 5.2. Telephone Communication There are telephone services in all urban centres in the region and in some parts of the rural areas. The table below shows the companies that provide telephone services, the type of services provided the plans for expansion of their services in the region and the problems: Table 27: Telephone Services in Rukwa region Type of Service service Areas covered at present Future expansion program Problems reported provider provided By July 2007 provide mobile phone services to Sumbawanga, Telephone and internet services in Mpanda and Namanyere and Sumbawanga Landline provide internet services to - None payment of bills telephone Mpanda and Namanyere Telephone services in Mpanda - Lack of electricity in and TTCL and Namanyere most of the areas in the internet Long term plans are to rollout the region TTCL Mobile services in the Capacity ­ 2752 lines region and in particular opening up the rural areas with the CDMA 2089 lines in use wireless network. By Jul Within 2007 to cover Namanyere, - Low returns expected Mpanda, Katavi National Park, from villages due to low Usevya/Inyonga, Kazuramimba, income Mobile Katumba, TIGO Sumbawanga Town - Poor roads make phone servicing of facilities a In 2008 to cover Leila, Mkima, problem Malonje, Kantawa, Mashete, Kiambumfipa Within 2007/08 to cover the road Mobile Sumbawanga, Mpanda and VODACOM from Tunduma to Mpanda and None phone Katumba settlement Namanyere. Sumbawanga, Namanyere, Mpanda, Katavi, Milembula Mobile By July '07 to be on air in CELTEL Mamba,Parts of Tunduma ­ phone Katumba S'wanga road ? Telephone services providers feel that: 1. People in rural areas have low purchasing power and it will be difficult to recover the investments 31 2. There is the knowledge gap, whereby most of the people in the rural areas are yet to know the importance of having a phone. A starting point in most of these areas is to have community tele-centres. 5.3. Radio and Television stations There are 9 Radio Stations which can be accessed in Rukwa Region. They are;- · Radio Free Africa - RFA · Radio CHEMCHEM, · Radio Tanzania Dar-es-Salaam ­ RTD, · PRT · Radio One · KISS FM, · East Africa · And other 2 Radios from DRC and Zambia Television stations can be accessed via satellites by using antennas and boosters. Some of the local stations which can be accessed include TVT, ITV, SMT, Star TV, Channel 5 and EATV, Depending on the type of the antenna used, other international world wide stations such as CNN, BBC, CFI, etc may be accessed from Rukwa. 5.4. Energy Fuel wood in the form of firewood and charcoal is available in almost all parts of the region and is the most important source of energy for domestic and other activities such as brick burning, pottery and curing of tobacco. Fossil fuels are imported and distributed throughout the region by fuel suppliers for various uses including transportation and industrial activities. Fossil fuel such as kerosene is used for provision of lighting mostly in the rural areas but also in the urban areas where the same is used for cooking as well. Introduction of alternative sources of energy for the rural communities is being studied by the Ministry of Energy under its program `Development of Sustainable Solar Market Packages' and could be implemented under the World Bank's new `Tanzania Energy Development and Access Project (TEDAP)'. A consultant has been commissioned and has already visited some villages in Sumbawanga Rural district to assess the viability of introducing solar power in the region. Electricity supplied by TANESCO is available in Sumbawanga and Mpanda towns only. Household Budget Survey carried out in 2002 showed that that only 4% of the region's households use electricity supplied by TANESCO. The sources of electricity are hydropower supplied from Zambia and thermal electricity generating stations. The Zambia source is used to supply Sumbawanga Municipality while Mpanda town is served by generators. The Table 28 below shows the amount of electricity available in the two centers and the current demand: 32 Table 28: Electricity demand and supply (in MW) for Sumbawanga and Mpanda towns Town Demand Supply Sumbawanga 2.7 5.0 Mpanda 1.0 1.0 With the current developments in terms of industrial activities in the towns, demand for electricity will increase. The Zambia electricity source does not provide stable energy supply in Rukwa region. High voltage fluctuations are experienced in Sumbawanga. This results in occasional stoppage of machineries which require stable electricity current. TANESCO is sometimes forced to `ration' power supply to meet demands. Long distance from the main source (appr. 800 kms) without `compensators' along the route has been identified as the main problem to the situation. Zambia Electricity Supply Company (ZESCO) have indicated to TANESCO that they are in the process of installing capacitor banks at Kasama to stabilize the line voltage Reinforcement of the transmission system in Zambia between Pensulo and Kasama is needed in order to improve the availability, reliability and quality of supply in Sumbawanga. Implementation of this project is included in the proposed Zambia ­ Tanzania 330 kV interconnector project from Pensulo via Kasama to Mbeya. Studies have showed that several rivers within the region could provide the required water for hydro electric schemes. These are; a) Rungwa river ­ 20 to 50 MW b) Msaidia river ­ 20 to 35 MW c) Lukima river ­ 3 to 4 MW d) Nzovwe river ­ 2 to 3 MW e) Mtambo river rapids ­ Near Ugalla ­ 2.0 MW TANESCO has in 2004/05 conducted study on Nzovwe river source to assess its potential to stabilize the power supply for Sumbawanga and revealed that power could be through sychronising the power from Nzovwe source power supply from Zambia thereby getting more and stable power for Sumbawanga municipality as well as to Nkasi District. The cost of this scheme was estimated to be USD 28.6million. TANESCO is planning to electrify the western and north-western parts of Tanzania through a program known as `North­West Grid Extension Program' which will cover parts of Mwanza, Kagera, Shinyanga, Kigoma, Mbeya and Rukwa regions. However, the program will be phased and scheduled to start from the North reaching Rukwa many years to come. However this is subject to availability of funding. Should several donors come forward to finance separate phases of the project, Sumbawanga could be connected sooner. The other study that could shed light on what needs to be done to provide reliable electricity to Rukwa is the World Bank funded Power System Master Plan. Other electricity supply sources which need to be looked at are i) thermal electricity using coal which is available in plentiful in the region ii) use of wind power from Usevya area and iii) the Geo-thermal source from Mbeya area (long term) 33 5.5. Water According to population and housing census (2002) 33 percent of the total private households used protected wells as the main source of drinking water. While 29 percent of the rural households used unprotected wells, 62 percent of the urban households used protected wells as their main source of drinking water. However, 26 percent of the rural households also used protected wells. Between 1980s and 1995/96 NORAD assisted Rukwa Region in the water sector. By mid 90's the provision of water services reached 72% coverage. In the year 2004 the coverage of water services had dropped to 56% of the total population served with water and 28.8 per cent of those who are served with safe and clean water respectively due to drought. So far the region has 51 gravity projects, 1,139 bore halls and shallow wells, 9 diesel pumps, 2 hydrams and 40 protected water sources. Rukwa Region has a total number of 368 villages and a population of over one million. Various water schemes exist in these villages but many of them do not function due to various reasons including; drying up of water sources, deterioration due to old age, lack of sufficient funds for operation and maintenance etc. At present the water supply service level in the villages in less than 50 percent. The table below illustrates further. Table 29: Present Situations of Water Schemes in Rukwa Region District Type of water Total Functioning water Remarks scheme schemes schemes S'wanga Gravity 12 09 - Some streams have dried up Urban Deep Boreholes 48 35 - O&M Problems Shallow wells 63 15 - Most of the wells have dried up Protected springs 23 - - Drought Pumping schemes 1 - S'wanga Rural Gravity 22 15 Some streams have dried up Boreholes 174 102 Break down of Some pumps Shallow wells 199 90 Shallow wells have dried up Protected springs - - Pumping schemes 2 2 Mpanda Gravity 03 3 Boreholes 510 378 - pumps breakdown Shallow wells 193 115 - Some wells has dried up. Protected springs 1 1 - Dried up due to drought Pumping schemes 6 3 - Nkasi Gravity 09 08 - Low Production due to drought. Boreholes 217 156 - Break down of old pumps. Shallow wells 151 106 - Drying up. Protected springs - - Pumping schemes 8 4 Opportunities Existence of water source in various areas of the region; There are water sources, which can be used as gravity schemes e.g. Ikolongo springs, Rukwa hills and Msanginya group water supply, etc. Water harvesting The rainfall ranges between 900 t0 1,200 mm and hence it is possible to harvest rain water for domestic and agricultural purposes 34 Obstacles Limited budget for rehabilitation of existing wells and establishment of new ones; Obsolete nature of equipment for water wells digging; Destruction of water sources in various areas. 6. DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS AND NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS ACTIVITIES There are few activities being undertaken by development partners and other national stakeholders in the region at the moment. Table 30 shows the sectors being supported by the development partners and other national stakeholders: Table 30: Development Partners / National Stakeholders Involvement Development Partner / National Stakeholders Sector District USAID Health All Districts World Bank Agriculture All Districts IFAD Cooperatives, Roads Nkasi, S'wanga Rural UNDP Health Nkasi Tanzania Commission for Aids (TACAIDS) Health All districts Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) Health, Transport, Agriculture All districts Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) Education, Health, Water, Environment Mpanda Baraza Kuu la Waislamu Tanzania (BAKWATA) Education, Health All districts Roman Catholic Church Education, Health, Agriculture All districts Moravian Church Health Nkasi, S'wanga Rural, Pentecostal Church Africare Association of Tanzania Tobacco Traders (ATTT) Agriculture Mpanda AMREF Health S'wanga Rural Seventh Days Adventist Health S'Wanga Municipal 7. RESOURCES MOBILISATION 7.1. Councils' and Central Government sources The amounts of revenues availed to the councils for their operations (recurrent and development) being collections from various own sources and subsidy from the central government, with the corresponding amounts spent on development programs for the past three years are shown in the table below. There were some difficulties with obtaining data of disbursements for the full financial year. This may be due to the fact that the financial year has not been completed and more disbursements are expected in the final quarter. However it is important for financial control that councils are tracking their disbursement and expenditure according to their budget, for both recurrent and development budget. This area needs further analysis and follow-up in any future ESW. 35 The council-owned sources include: i. Property Tax ii. Land Rent iii. Produce Cess iv. Service levy v. Guest house levy vi. Other levies on Business activity vii. Licenses and Permits viii. Fees and charges ix. Fines The table below shows the revenues for each of the councils for the last three financial years Table 31: Financial resources from own sources and central government by district Revenue, Tshs Amount spent on Own Subsidy from Other Sources development Council F/Y sources Central Govt (Donors) Total programs 2004/05 56,913,131 146,281,000 - 203,194,131 146,281,000 S'Wanga 2005/06 168,712,522 277,341,200 - 446,053,722 277,341,200 Municipal 2006/07 310,915,000 1,029,000,000 - 1,339,915,000 2004/05 67,691,763 60,688,000 - 128,379,763 60,688,000 S'Wanga Rural 2005/06 183,143,922 762,575,400 - 945,719,322 762,575,400 2006/07 256,200,000 1,903,000,000 - 2,159,200,000 2004/05 61,345,851 492,722,000 - 554,067,851 492,722,000 Mpanda 2005/06 427,290,698 923,115,400 - 1,350,406,099 923,115,400 2006/07 458,062,000 2,393,000,000 - 2,851,062,000 2004/05 104,062,153 146,281,000 - 250,343,153 146,281,000 Nkasi 2005/06 329,292,247 277,341,200 - 606,633,447 277,341,200 2006/07 118,108,500 1,029,000,000 - 1,029,000,000 7.2. Other Sources Financial Institutions (Commercial Banks) The other source of financial resources is the banks which provide credits for various activities. The banks which are active in the region are: i) CRDB Bank Limited - One branch in Sumbawanga town. ii) National Microfinance Bank Limited (NMB)- iii) National Bank of Commerce (NBC) - One branch in Sumbawanga town iv) Tanzania Postal Bank Limited (TPBL) operating through the Tanzania Posts Corporation in all major centres in the region where there are postal services. Information on credits provided by the four banks show that these banks have not been sufficiently used by the locals for development projects. Loans provided are of small amounts mostly for employees to purchase home appliances and other individual needs. 36 8. PLANNING PROCESS The planning of development activities for Rukwa region start at the village level where village Governments organizes meetings with villagers to agree on priorities of the villages in line with those agreed during the `Opportunities and Obstacles in Development' (O&OD) process conducted in 2003 at villages level. The village plans are then submitted to the wards where Ward Development Committees consolidate the village development plans to come up with a ward program. According to the LGAs interviewed, the activities which cover more than one village are given higher priority. The wards submit their plans to the councils which, review the programs and consolidate them to come up with a comprehensive District Development Plan. Once the plan is prepared it is forwarded to the RS for review and technical advice, either individually or through an Inter Council Forum. The plan then passes through the relevant committees before submission for approval by the Full Council. Once this process is completed the District Development Plan becomes a legal document and cannot be altered. All the above processes are guided by guidelines prepared by the Prime Ministers Office ­ Regional and Local Government. (Guidelines for the Preparation of Medium Term Plan and Budget Framework). They define priority areas for resource allocation for each sector with the objective of pursuing the agenda of improving the lives of all Tanzanians through strategic planning and allocation of resources in a way that will result into quick wins which in turn will lead to accelerated economic growth. The guidelines also provide the ceilings of financial resources to be allocated to each sector. The role of the Regional Secretariat is to coordinate economic and social activities for the LGAs in the Region by building capacity and supporting LGAs to implement and effectively deliver national and regional development priorities. The RS not only lins the LGAs but also provides linkages within and across a number of ministries, government and private sector bodies, as well as civil society. Shortfalls reported include; ¾ While the planning processes start in September/October of each year, the guidelines are received by the councils in December or even later. This means the national priorities cannot be considered and facilitated in village participatory planning processes. ¾ The O&OD process is supposed to be conducted after a cycle of three years so as to review the priorities based on the prevailing situations. This will be difficult to implement due to the high costs involved (estimated at Tshs 150 m per council) ¾ The O and OD process identifies social projects, rather than projects that promote economic growth. ¾ The ceilings provided by the guidelines are always on the low side and most of the development plans are shelved. Growth is not being emphasized enough in the planning process, the Regional Secretariat have an important role to play in ensuring that there is regional vision for growth and that strategies and objectives, that highlight this potential become part of the district, ward and village planning 37 process. At present the sum total of district plans will not bring about the sort of interventions needed to see growth across the region. 9. STAKEHOLDERS' WORKSHOP The Stakeholders' Workshop took place from 17th to 18th May 2007 to receive and discuss findings of this study. It was designed to be a full participatory type. The study consultant presented the findings of the study by highlighting the opportunities and obstacles identified in each of the productive sectors and social sectors, and explained the status of the infrastructure in the Rukwa region. A facilitated discussion took place immediately after the presentation and the participants had opportunity to give their views, in plenary, on what had been happening in Rukwa that has contributed to poverty alleviation. They were later grouped into smaller groups and discussed issues affecting the development of the productive sectors as well as to draw an action plan to improve the situation in the region so as to be able to tap the resources and realize the growth of the region and her people. A set of questions was prepared to guide their discussions. The questions were: 1. What has been happening in the sector in the recent past that has made people earn more and improved their conditions of life? 2. What are the main markets for your produce and how dependable are they? Explain 3. What are main obstacles to increased profitability in your sector? 4. Do you think the different stakeholders work together in moving the growth agenda forward? Is the private sector (including small operators) organized, and do they participate in formulation of district and regional plans? Explain 5 To summarize, What are the major five potentials for growth of the sector in the region? What are the main five constraints that hinder growth in the region? 6. Formulate an action plan showing the activities that need to be implemented, the responsible institution, time scale and costs. Each group presented its views/findings to the plenary and participants had another opportunity to contribute to the responses. The outcome of the workshop (group responses on the questions above) is appended as Annex 4. 10. GIS MAPS A Geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system capable of capturing, storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced information; that is, data identified according to location. GIS technology can be used for scientific investigations, resource management, and development planning. For example, a GIS might allow emergency planners to easily calculate emergency response times in the event of a natural disaster, or a GIS might be used to find wetlands that need protection from pollution. Also, other database information can be generated 38 for further analysis or use. An example would be a list of all addresses within one kilometer of a toxic spill or flood area. GIS uses data from various sources. If the data to be used are not already in digital form, that is, in a form the computer can recognize; various techniques can capture the information. Maps can be digitized by hand-tracing with a computer mouse on the screen or on a digitizing tablet to collect the coordinates of features. Electronic scanners can also convert maps to digits. Coordinates from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers can also be uploaded into a GIS. A critical component of a GIS is its ability to produce graphics on the screen or on paper to convey the results of analyses to the people who make decisions about resources. Wall maps and other graphics can be generated, allowing the decision makers to visualize and thereby understand the results of analyses or simulations of potential events. Cartography is the design and production of maps, or visual representations of spatial data. The vast majority of modern cartography is done with the help of computers, usually using a GIS. The use of a GIS can encourage cooperation and communication among the organizations involved in environmental protection, planning, and resource management. The collection of data for a GIS is costly. Data collection can require very specialized computer equipment and technical expertise. The study collected many data regarding various things such as mining, social facilities, touristy attractions etc. Most of the data collected were however, are not in a format which could be used by the GIS. The consultant worked together with the Tanzania Bureau of Statistics (NBS) to produce GIS maps for the Rukwa region based on the available collected data. Seven maps in total were produced and these are: 1) Administrative Boundaries and population map 2) Land use 3) Transport Infrastructure map 4) Social Facilities map 5) Mining Potential areas map 6) Ecological Zones and agricultural 7) Touristy attractions Map During the production of the map it was clear that some of the data collected could not be used in a correct way because they were not collected using GIS compatible methods. Some of the data were put manually and some were just estimates (like mining areas) and hence do not represent a very realistic/correct picture on the ground. The GIS mapping exercise brought into attention the importance of finding ways to collect reliable information. With reliable information collected in a correct way, GIS maps can be a very strong tool in planning processes. All sort of information can be stored on maps and be accessed quickly, showing how things look in the ground, eg, the distribution of dispensaries and schools in relation to population, the passability of roads in relation with accessibility of various social facilities etc. This can be used to show where priority should be given when resources are scarce as it is usually the case. 39 The region has requested assistance in acquiring and using the GIS for their planning purposes. When GIS is acquired and capacity is built on how to use it optimally, the region can use survey tools like GPS to collect reliable data which can be used to revise the maps which have been produced and are appended as annex 5. References: 1. Rukwa Region Socio-Economic Profile ­ By NBS and Rukwa Regional Commissioner's Office (Second Edition -July 2002) 2. Sumbawanga Municipal Council Profile (2006 edition) 3. Suimbawanga District Council's Socio-Economic Development Profile (December 2005 edition) 4. Nkasi District Council Profile (2005 Edition 5. Opportunities for Mineral Resource development in Rukwa Region ­ Western Tanzania ­ By Manase Mbasha ( August 2006) 6. Water Development in Rukwa Region (November 2006) 7. The Contribution of Livestock to Regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Alleviation of Poverty ­ By Dr. Cletus A. Karigo, Rukwa Regional Commissioners Office 8. Identifying Solutions for Sustainable Shared Growth in Tanzania's Tourism Industry ­ Concept Note 9. Regional and District Population Projections for period 2003 to 2025 ­ By NBS (December 2006) 40 Annex 1: List of People Met/Interviewed S/N Name Institution/Firm Position Tel. Contact Daniel Ole- 1 RAS Rukwa Regional Commissioner 0754 268400 Njolaay Innocent 2 RAS Rukwa Regional Administrative Secretary 0754 383872 Mwenda Gasper Assistant Regional secretary ­ Economic 3 RAS Rukwa 0754 535884 Mwembezi Planning and Management 4 David Kilonzo RAS Rukwa Technical Advisor ­ Economic Planning 0754 855859 5 Hamza Mvano RAS Rukwa Technical Advisor ­ Agriculture 0787 612308 Patrick 6 RAS Rukwa Technical Advisor ­ Natural Resources 0754 642443 Mwanakusha Technical Advisor ­ Local Government 7 Prosper Romano RAS Rukwa 0755 468549 Financing Clitus Karigo Technical Advisor ­ Livestock 8 RAS Rukwa 0754 305342 (Dr) Development 9 Edgar Mungaya RAS Rukwa Roads Engineer 0784 720122 Catherine 10 RAS Rukwa Education 0713 270334 Mashalla 11 Emmy George RAS Rukwa Water Engineer 0715 881770 12 F. Mtepa RAS Rukwa Health 0754 211102 13 M. Kibishi (Dr.) RAS Rukwa Health ­ Regional Hospital 0756 966307 14 Kevin Makundi RAS Rukwa Cartographer 0754 819845 Ephraim Ole Sumbawanga Municipal 0754 597572 15 Municipal Director Nguyaine Council 0764 597572 Sumbawanga Municipal 16 Amos Bigambo Ag. Municipal Economist 0784 299691 Council Sumbawanga Rural District 17 Mussa Zugiza District Executive Director 084 368407 Council Sumbawanga Rural District 18 Luis Chambi District Economist 0754 650019 Council Sumbawanga Rural District 19 Felix Mchau District Engineer 0754 647356 Council Lameck 20 Nkasi District Council Ag District Executive Director 0787 852181 Mushiha Raymond Ag. District Agriculture and Livestock 21 Nkasi District Council 0786 545162 Tanganika Officer Ludwig D 22 Nkasi District Council District Planning Officer 0786 602662 Ngakoka 23 Zabibu Shaaban Nkasi District Council Ag. District Education Officer 0784 378357 24 Lucas Mseo Nkasi District Council Ag. District Engineer 0786 835522 Wilbard Msinjili 25 Nkasi District Council Ag. District Medical Officer 0786 037653 (Dr.) 26 Thomas Peter Nkasi District Council Ag. District Water Engineer 0786 423564 Othman S 0755 758115 27 Mpanda District Council Ag. District Executive Director Magehema 0786 073860 28 Laban Bituro Mpanda District Council District Education Officer 0784 470673 Paul Chaote 29 Mpanda District Council District Medical Officer 0755 696855 (Dr.) RJ Butoto 30 Mpanda District Council District Engineer 0754 867751 (Eng.) 31 SCB Mayeye Mpanda District Council District Economist 0784 702293 32 JM Angasisye Mpanda District Council District Agriculture and Livestock Officer 0784 754915 33 Festo Katanti Mpanda District Council Ag District Water Engineer 0784 872278 41 S/N Name Institution/Firm Position Tel. Contact James 34 TANROADS Rukwa Regional Manager 0754 888867 Nyabakari Fyumagawa Association of Tanzania 35 Regional Manager - Mpanda 0784 720146 Yahaya Tobacco Traders Pius Lobe Ministry of Energy and 36 Ag. Zonal Mines Officer ­ Western Zone 0784 608067 (Eng.) Minerals Christopher 37 TANESCO Ag. Manager ­ Rukwa Region 0754 072350 Mbwiga Peter Samwel 38 TANESCO Mpanda District Manager 0784 902373 Mollel 39 Felician Maila TANESCO Ag. Director of Corporate Planning 0784 902397 Maneno 40 TANESCO Chief Research Engineer 0754 685105 Katyega 41 Bengiel Msofe TANESCO Senior Electrification Engineer 0754 657105 42 Makala Kingu TANESCO Manager Rural Electrification 0784 902311 Gladstone 43 TANESCO Chief Rural Electrification Engineer 0754 377358 Kombe Anthony Lake Rukwa Water Basin 44 Water officer Sumbawanga Mahando Office Ernest Tanzania Chamber of 45 Mpendakazi Commerce Industries and Chairman Mpanda Region 0754 647488 Kinunda Agriculture Khatibu 46 Tanzania Railways Corporation Mpanda Station Master 0784 826394 Nahodha Nicholaus J. 47 Tanzania National Parks Ag. Game Warden In Charge 025 2820213 Kisambuka Susuma 48 Tanzania National Parks Game Warden 025 2820213 Kusekwa Sandali Issa 49 Tanzania Airports Authority Sumbawanga Airport Manager 0754 774721 Kaissi Ag. Corporate and Communication 50 Abdiel Elinaza Precision Air 0787 776617 Manager 51 Charles Kiondo Tanzania Ports Authority Director of Lake Ports 0787 535381 Gefrey M. 52 SAAFI Director 0784 626756 Sindani Theressa 53 SAAFI Director 0786 300353 Mzindakaya Paul 54 SAAFI Director Mzindakaya Ministry of Planning Economy 55 Omar Abdallah Statistician 0784 636002 and Empowerment 56 Togolani Steven TIGO Ag. Planning Manager 0713 123507 Nguvu 57 VODACOM Team Leader Radio Planning 0754 710297 Kamando 58 Sadiq Mohamed CELTELL Public Relations 0784 670933 59 Semtawa TTCL Public Relations Officer 073 2200482 Bernadetha J Head, Risk Management Research and 60 Tanzania Postal Bank 0754 620927 Gogadi Planning Senior Manager, Marketing and 61 Imani Kajula National Microfinance Bank 0754 000303 Communication Eliakunda F. 62 National Bank of Commerce Area Manager Highlands 0754 210366 Mshana 63 Likomedi CRDB Bank Corporate Banking Department 0713 258462 64 Dieter Schelling World Bank Lead Transport Specialist ­ Africa Region 0754 614300 Catherine 65 World Bank Local Government Specialist (ASDP) 0757 072227 Murphy 66 Zena Said World Bank Short Term Consultant 0754 272922 42 Annex 2: RUKWA GROWTH PROSPECTS - STAKEHOLDERS' WORKSHOP Liboli Centre, Sumbawanga 17 ­ 18 May 2007 WORKSHOP PROGRAMME Time Event Responsibility Day One ­ 17th May 2007 0800-0830 Registration All Welcoming Note and Objective of the Workshop Daniel Ole Njoolay Regional 0830-0900 Commissioner ­ Rukwa region Statement by the World Bank Dieter Schelling on behalf of World Bank Country Director 0900-1030 Presentation of the Rukwa Growth Study Findings Abdul Awadh - Study Consultant 1030-1100 Tea/Coffee Braek All 1100-1200 Facilitated Discussions on the Study Findings Facilitator 1200-1300 Group Discussions on Opportunities and Constraints t All 1300-1400 Lunch Break All 1400-1730 Group Discussions (Cont) All 1730 End Day One Day Two ­ 18th May 2007 830-1030 Presentation of Group Work Facilitator 1030-1100 Tea/Coffee Break All 1100-1300 Panel Discussions on Priorities and Way Forward Chairman ­ Rukwa Regional - District Commissioners Mpanda, Nkasi and Commissioner Sumbawanga 1300 Closing: Dieter Schelling - Closing remarks Kwela Member of Parliament - Closing speech 1315 Lunch All 43 Annex 3: STUDY ON RUKWA REGION GROWTH PROSPECTS WORKSHOP TO DISCUSS THE POTENTIALS AND CONSTRAINTS 17TH ­ 18TH MAY 2007 IN SUMBAWANGA LIST OF PARTICIPANTS S/N Name Institution Position Postal address Tel. Contact E-mail Address 1 Daniel Ole Njoolay RC' Office Regional Commissioner 128, S'wang 0754-268 400 dolenjoolay@yahoo.com 2 Bigambo Amos S'wanga Municipal Council Municipal Economist 187, S'wanga 0784-299 691 lwigainvestiment@yahoo.com 3 Isaac R. Masangula Lands Principal Town Planner 128, S'wanga 0786-332 761 4 L.M.N. Sesemkwa Regional Secretariat Regional Cooperative Advisor 128, S'wanga 0784 944 211 5 Ephraem Ole Nguyaine S'Wanga Municipal Council Municipal Director 187, S'Wanga 0754-597 572 6 Abdul Awadh WB Consultant 105910, DSM 0713-336987 aaawadh@yahoo.com 7 Sandal I. Kaisi TAA Airport Manager 4, S'wanga 0754-774 721 8 Natalia Kaliman'gasi Regional Secretariat Financial Economist 128, S'wanga 0754-677 082 mwaseukalima@yahoo.co.uk Habari Cooperation ­ The 9 Ludger Kasumuni Journalist 4793, DSM 0754-458 911 ludgermadodi@hotmail.com African/Mtanzania 10 James Nyabakari TANROADS Regional Manager 4, S'Wanga 0754-888 867 tanroadsrk@yahoo.co.uk 11 Hezron L. Nyamwayira Pride Tanzania Branch Manger 770, S'wanga 025-280 1043 ptzsumbawanga@pride-tz.org 12 Alfred M. Masse RS - RUkwa Social Welfare Officer 128, S'wanga 0754-642 448 Augustine M.G. 13 TRA - Rukwa Regional Manager 343, S'wanga 0754-265860 amukandara@yahoo.co.uk Mukandara 14 FR. Charles J. Lyela Roman Catholic Bishop Secretary 34, S'wanga 0754-848 435 iyelachas@@yahoo.com 15 Christopher N. Mbwiga TANESCO LTD Ag. Regional Manager 360, S'wanga 0784-976 045 chrismbwiga@yahoo.com 16 Beatrice Kilosa RFA -GTZ Secretary 438, S'wanga 025-280 2866 gtzrfa@yahoo.com 17 Abdul R. Msimbazy BAKWATA Regional Representative 557, S'wanga 0754-871 745 18 Joseph J. B. Jilala RANGO Credit Officer 748, S'wanga 025-280 2509 19 Esther Kasegezya Regional Hospital Regional Nursing Officer 413, S'wanga 0784-624 146 44 20 Florence Mtepa Regional Hospital RHS 413, S'wanga 0784-211 102 mtepaf@yahoo.co.uk 21 Irene Mwakalinga Radio Tanzania Journalist 162, S'wanga 0754-307 243 imbakilwa@hotmai.com 22 Joshua Joel S'wanga Municipal Council Journalist 187, S'wanga 0754-560 919 joshuajoelm@gmail.com 23 Gallus K.O. Ouma Regional Secretariat ICT Specialist 128, S'wanga 0754 292 979 God-maria@hotmail.com 24 Kelvin Mahundi RAS - Rukwa Cartographer 128, S'wanga 0754-819 845 25 Mussa Zungiza S'wanga District Council DED 229, S'wnga 0764-368 407 babajoh@yahoo.co.uk 26 Simon C.B. Mayeye Mpanda Town Council Town Director 216, Mpanda 27 Louis H. Chambi S'wanga District Council District Economist 229, S'wanga 025-280 2133 28 Alfred Mwanga S'wanga District Council Chairman 229, S'wanga 0786-444 140 2, N'nyere- 29 David C. Ngalula Nkasi District Council Chairman Nkasi Regional Secretariat - Assistant administrative 30 Gasper Mwembezi 128, S'wanga 0754-535 884 gmwembezi@yahoo.com Rukwa Secretary 31 Joyce W. K. Mgana Nkasi D.C DC 1, N'nyere 025-280 2114 32 Christine K. Midello Nkasi D.C DED 2, N'nyere 0787-205 900 Ck-midello@yahoo.com Abdulrahaman M. 0756-200 444 33 Helmet Metals (T) LTD Executive Director 518, Mpanda mpandamining@yahoo.com Chang'a 0755-000 062 34 Deograsias .M.M Sitta Prison Department Staff Officer 52, S'wanga 0756-314 948 Ag. Western zone Mines 35 Pius Robert Lobe Western Zone Mines Office 75, Mpanda Officer 36 D. R. Zongo Polisi Mkoa O/C F.F.U 82, S'wanga 0755-613 330 37 Philip J. Kalyalya Mpanda D.C Chairman 215, Mpanda 0784-895 817 38 Frank J. Maten RAS - Rukwa TA - CDO 128, S'wanga 0787-202 872 frankmateni@yahoo.com 39 David E.P. Kilonzo RAS - Rukwa TA - EP 128, S'wanga 0754-855 859 deplulomo@yahoo.com Assistant Administrative 40 Wilhelm Said RC's Office 128, S'wanga 0754-487 326 saidwille@yahoo.com Secretary 41 M.C. Kisasila RAS - Rukwa Ag. Administrative Officer 128, S'wanga 0755-531 861 masaluus@yahoo.com Press Service Tanzania ­ 42 Juddy Ngonyani Journalist 211, S'wanga 0754 356 534 juddyngonyani@yahoo.com The Guardian Ltd 43 Peti Siyame Tanzania Standard News Ltd Journalist 211, S'wanga 0756-892 424 petisiyame@yahoo.com 44 Mussa Mwangoka Majira News Paper Journalist 285, S'wanga 0754-256 067 mussamwangoka@yahoo.com 45 Catherine Mashalla RC's Office Academic Officer 120, S'wanga 0713-280 334 selekalunde@yahoo.com 46 Frank Mrema S'wanga Municipal Mayor 187, S'wanga 0754-436 055 47 Lwudig D. Ngakoka Nkasi D.C District Planning officer 2, N'nyere 0786-602 662 Assistant Administrative 48 Terentius Rugumisa RC's Office 128, S'wanga 0784-802 534 trugumisa@yahoo.com Secretary 49 Iddi A Semkunde NBS GIS Technician 796, DSM 50 Cecile Ramsay WB Operation Advisor 2054, DSM 0784-411 122 cramsay@worldbank.org 51 Kipenya H. T RC's Office TA - Education 128, S'wanga 0753-423 433 52 George L. Mhema Mpanda D.C Planning Officer 1, Mpanda 025-282 0068 53 Kaingilila P. Maufi CCM Mkoa Chairman 242, S'wanga 0786-919 303 pmaufi@yahoo.com 54 Lucia A Mwiru CCM Mkoa Secretary 242, S'wanga 0754-632 613 45 55 Maj. Bahati N. Matala RC's Office DC 116, S'wanga 0784-545 412 Maj-matala@yahoo.com 0755-885 443 56 Thobias M. Sijabaje Central Government DC 34, Mpanda sijabajetm@yahoo.co.uk 0786-473 535 46 Annex 4: Workshop responses - group discussion (questions 1 to 5) 47 Responses from groups Question Crop and Livestock Fisheries and Forestry Mining Tourism What has been · SGR and opening of borders has Main products have been Various small scale prospectors Tourist traffic has been rising happening in the improved access to regional fish, timber, honey and have been prospecting for Number of camp sites increased about 5 sector in the markets and raised prices for beeswax minerals. To date, there are about Investment in lake Tanganyika area at recent past that farmers 35 prospectors Kipili shore and Mandakelenge has made people · Continued increase in use of Various small scale miners have Katavi National Park Head Quarter at earn more and animal traction (maksai) for been mining for minerals. There Mlele improved their cultivation are about 215 PMLs holders in Plan to improve accessibilityto Kalambo conditions of life? · General improvements in living Rukwa region to date falls, visibility study is taking place. standards in past 5 years (health, TANAPA contributed to community education, bicycle transport, ...) project 5 hunting blocks in Mpanda Most potential area not yet exploited What are the main · Crops: Regional neighbors (DRC, · Fish - Zambia & DRC - Miners to sell minerals to mineral Europe, America local tourism.. The market markets for your Zambia, Burundi, and Malawi), (Depend on Stability in Brokers is reliable but not yet fully exploited. produce and how local markets within districts DRC) - Miners to sell minerals to mineral dependable are · Livestock: local markets within · Timber - Available and Dealers they? Explain districts, external markets to a reliable in - Major - Brokers to sell minerals to mineral lesser extend (e.g. to Comoros; towns Dealers Middle East not at present a · Honey and Beeswax ­ - Markets for minerals are dependable market but could be) Mainly overseas but prices offered to miners by Brokers and ones offered by Dealers to Brokers not dependable What are main · Output market accessibility and Producers not Lack of information on market's obstacles to price e.g. due to transport costs, Organized prices for minerals increased poor information to farmers Lack of Capital Lack of mining skills profitability in · Input market access and price, Low Technology and Lack of capital which leads to lack your sector? high transport costs Skills of mining equipments/tools, safety · Lack of credit Low Law Enforcement gears and explosives · Low productivity due under- capability Distance to market utilization of fertizers (poverty) Poor Infrastructure Mainstreaming into district plans · Limited knowledge of modern Lack of Sawmills to add farming value to timber Lack of fishing gear, preservation and storage facilities for fish Do you think the · Stakeholders participate in plans, - The mining sector is not full Yes!!! e.g. different but extent limited integrated in the growth agenda Private sector play role by building camp stakeholders work · Small private operators are there, ·It creates employment i.e There are sites in Katavi National Park together in but participation in policy and about 1,000 people involved in moving the planning processes is limited due mining business "Stakeholders" are TANAPA, LGAs, growth agenda to inadequate organization (e.g. in - They're organized but NOT active Regional Authority, Tourist, Hunters Private forward? farmer marketing associations) - They do not participate in sector, Community formulation of districts and regional plans; BUT they participate indirect as community members in the development of O & OD plans for their community What are the · Production increase via further · Availability of Preliminary - Katavi National Park, major five increases in land area Information about the minerals - Old Bismark Fort at Kasanga, potentials for · New products (spices, artemisium, · Opportunities for joint ventures - The Kalambo falls growth of the jatropha, organics) 48 with small scale miners - Hot spring at Usevya sector in the · Better prices through improved · Hire of equipment and market for - Lake Tanganyika and lake Rukwa scenery region? marketing explosives from the Ufipa escarpment · Value addition on existing Action plans Activity Implementer Time scale Cost Strategy Crop and Livestock Close collaboration between planning 1. Formulate transport planning and investment priorities TANROADS and staff, transport staff, and agriculture October 2007 in light of agricultural growth prospects LGAs staff 2. Region and districts adopt GIS based land use Regional and district staff to acquire LGAs with support planning. Start October 2007 software and create database from WB an NBS District and Village Allocate certificates by 3. Villages to assign certificates to all landholders councils with MOHL June 2008 4. Develop strategy to use funds under DADP new extension approach, to support formation of farmer LGAs October 2007 marketing groups 5. Carry out study of agricultural marketing and demand Consultant (agriculture Completed by October economist) 2007 6. Develop plans under DADPs to access technology Completed by October adoption grants LGAs with RAS 2007 7 Develop strategy to increase SACCOs access to farmers LGAs with support Completed by October and farmer groups from RAS and MAFC 2007 Fisheries and Forestry LGA's through Cooperative Officer, 1. Organize fishermen into cooperatives Funding from LGA department NGO's, Financial Start 2007/08 TShs 40 Mio budgets Institutions 2. Train Fishermen on modern and sustainable fishing. LGA through fisheries Start 2008/09 TShs 40 Mio Funding from LGA department 49 Activity Implementer Time scale Cost Strategy Dept, NGO's, TAFIRI budgets 3. Plant 3 mil trees annually including Wattle and LGA ,Community, Start Nov 2007 TShs 20 Mio Funding from LGA department Jatropha. CBO's , NGO's budgets 4. Promote Community based forest Management and Funding from LGA department encourage village and individual woodlots LGAs , Communities Start 2007/08 TShs 12 Mio budgets and Forestry Division Funding from LGA department 5. Strengthen and expand beekeeping LGAs and NGOs 2007/08 TShs 20 Mio budgets plus Forestry/Beekeeping division Mining Zonal Mines Officer, 1. Activation of Rukwa Region Miners Association District councils and By June 2007 (RUREMA) RUREMA leaders 2. Information delivery on minerals' prices to the miners Zonal Mines Officer Weekly 3. Regular training of prospectors, miners and mineral Zonal Mines Officer, July 2007 and June 2008 traders (small scale) VETA and LGAs Zonal Mines Officer, It depends on the 4. Support miners to access capital and equipment LGAs and DPs supporters 5.Dissemination of information on the recovered minerals Zonal Mines Officer, August 2007 available for sale RUREMA and LGAs Tourism 1.Developoment of Infrastructure (roads, airports) GoT Immediately Allocating resources TANAPA, RAS, LGAs, 2. Increasing publicity Within 12 Months Using media, brochure T.T.B Tanzania Communications 3. Improve communication Within 12 months By communicating with TACRA Regulatory Authority (TACRA) Gov't, Community 4. Maintain Peace and Security Within 12 months Good Governance & Political parties TANAPA, RAS/LGAs, Increase personnel, More facilities' Enforce anti- pouching Continuous process . Communities Public sensitizations against pouching Anti pouching Unit 50 Annex 5: Maps 51 52