ZAMBÉZIA Building Livelihoods and LANDSCAPE Conserving Forests in PROGRAM Rural Mozambique Overview 0.90% 0.79% Mozambique is one of the few Sub-Saharan countries with significant natural forest cover. Native forests and woodlands cover 43% of land-mass (344,000 km2), harboring extensive biodiversity and unique landscapes. Z mbé i N tion l Rapid deforestation, however, is threatening ecosystems and d for st tion d for st tion rural livelihoods; with slash and burn agriculture responsible deforestation rates from 2003-2013 for more than 65% of forest cover loss across the country. In the central-coastal region, Zambézia Province is home to lush forests, fertile soils, river systems and an extensive coastline. Covering over 100,000 km2, Zambézia offers untapped opportunity for sustainable and equitable economic growth through agriculture and industry. Yet as one of the poorest but most populous provinces in the country, challenges such as rapid population expansion and poor management of natural resources threaten fragile rural livelihoods. Above average rates of population growth and rural poverty are driving extensive loss of natural forest. Between 2001 and 2016, the province lost 5% of forest cover (approximately 5440 km2) to small-scale slash and burn agriculture and charcoal production. With limited access to alternative sources of income, Zambézia’s largely rural population is caught in a cycle of unsustainable forest use and land practices. To improve the management of natural resources and promote rural development, Root c us s of d for st tion the World Bank is supporting the Government of Mozambique in implementing the Zambézia Integrated Landscape Management Program (ZILMP). w kl w nforc m nt Through technical assistance and on-the-ground projects, such as minim l institution l improving natural resource management and promoting conservation coop r tion agriculture, commercial reforestation and community-based tourism, low cc ss to n r ZILMP is leveraging existing resources and using new financing to sustain and scale-up investments that directly address deforestation. w k l nd t nur Working in nine continuous districts, over 50% of which is forested, no lt rn tiv incom s ZILMP covers the first area in the country eligible for payments for for for st d p nd nt reduced emissions from deforestation. In other words, Zambézia is communiti s poised to receive international funds when forest loss is reduced. 2 ZAMBÉZIA LANDSCAPE PROGRAM Mt Namuli On the slopes of Mt Namuli, the remains of a threatened Afromontane forest harbors previously unknown species; some of which, such as the Namuli apalis bird and Vincent’s bush squirrel, are endemic to the mountain’s steep rock faces. ZILMP works across nine districts in Zambézia (highlighted in dark green), an area with a population of approx. 2.3 million people. Gilé National Reserve Once brimming with biodiversity, including Mozambique’s last black rhino population, the Gilé National Reserve has suffered extensively from poaching and, more recently, illegal logging for valuable species. With increased investment, however, the Reserve is seeing a resurgence in biodiversity and renewed recognition of its significant local and global environmental services, particularly carbon storage provided by Tourism (3%) the extensive forests of miombo woodland. dustry (35%) roin Other (1%) ag d an Marine waters 62% re tu Ind vs Zambézia’s coastal shores are a rich source of marine cul ust 48% Agri life and mangrove forests, offering substantial benefits ry (61%) A ricultur nd industr r th domin nt inv stm nt to local livelihoods. Spanning over 10,400 km2 and s ctors in Z mbé i crossing into Nampula province to the north, the Primeiras and Segundas Archipelago Marine Reserve harbors abundant coral and turtle species and is an important environmental asset along Zambézia’s coastline. BUILDING LIVELIHOODS, CONSERVING FORESTS 3 The World Bank in Zambézia “We cannot tackle deforestation and overexploitation of resources without addressing issues such as rural poverty, community rights, and land management - and we cannot equitibly address these issues without engaging with all stakeholders.” Andre Aquino, Senior Natural Resources Management Specialist at the World Bank in Mozambique Enhancing the living conditions of Zambézia’s rural communities while ensuring the sustainable management of the Province’s natural resources requires the input from multiple sectors. In partnership with the Government of Mozambique (GoM), the World Bank implements an integrated landscape approach, bringing stakeholders together to manage natural resources and support the communities that depend on them. In leveraging shared knowledge and resources, the multi-project approach seeks to harness synergies– whether working with beneficiaries on the ground or providing technical assistance to policy makers in Maputo and Quelimane (the provincial capital). The result is shared vision to support rural livelihoods, while strengthening the health and resilience of the surrounding landscapes. Zambézia Multi-Stakeholder Platform Engaging with all stakeholders in decision making has proven to be critical in ensuring sustainable practices and policies are enacted and upheld. ZILMP is facilitating this engagement through the Zambézia Multi-Stakeholder Platform, a forum for civil society, the private sector, academia and government “The Zambézia Platform assists to discuss natural resource management issues. Providing opportunities in managing differing views and for collective discussions on natural resource related issues, the Platform potential conflicts between actors” generates in a strong, common plan for forest and landscape management. Daniel Maula Through the platform, ZILMP works closely with civil society organizations such as President of RADEZA and the Zambézia Environment and Community Development Network (RADEZA) – to co-founder of the Zambézia tap local insight and form key partnerships in implementing on-the-ground activities. Multi-Stakeholder Platform. 4 ZAMBÉZIA LANDSCAPE PROGRAM Z mbé i Int r t d L ndsc p M n m nt Pro r m Building a strong foundation to sustainably manage resources and promote rural development FCPF REDD+ Mozambique Integrated Agriculture Technical Forest Investment Dedicated Grant FCPF Emission Readiness Grant Conservation Areas and Landscape Assistance Project (MozFIP) Mechanism for Local Reduction Payments for Biodiversity and Project (SUSTENTA) Communities (DGM) (based on verifiable results) Development (Mozbio) Strengthening Improving the manage- Integrating rural house- Buidling knowledge and Improving governance Helping communities Sharing benefits management and ment of conservation holds into sustainable capacity to effectively and promoting actively contribute to and equitably to incentivize supporting institutional areas and enhancing forest-based value manage natural sustainable landscape take ownership over the sustainable use of frameworks for REDD+. rural livelihoods chains resources management REDD+ activities natural resources. ZILMP in Practice: Sharing Knowledge and Promoting Collaboration With support from ZILMP, the Multi-Stakeholder Platform coordinated collaboration between the GoM and Zambézia’s provincial university, UNIZAMBEZI, for a series of academic trainings designed for forest operators and civil society. This led to the first Mozambican Scientific Conference on Agroforestry Systems, bringing together over 200 researchers, students, politicians, civil society and private sector representatives to discuss scientific topics related to crop production and productivity, land, environment, forest conservation and climate change. Opportunities such as these lead to higher engagement by local organizations and communities in land management practices, resulting a more effective and equitable system of forest governance. Beneficaries working in agroforestry near Gilé National Reserve (World Bank, 2018) BUILDING LIVELIHOODS, CONSERVING FORESTS 5 Strengthening Forest Governance Creating an Enabling Environment ZILMP in Practice: Technical Assistance Following concerns about the management L w Institution l FCPF Gr nt Mo FIP capacity of the Nipiode Community forest Enforc m nt Co-op r tion concession, the PIU, supported by ZILMP, coordinated technical assistance collaboration between the private sector, academia and civil society to design more effective activities aimed at improving the livelihoods of people Mozambique’s National REDD+ Strategy aims living within and around the concession area. to reduce deforestation by 40% by 2030. Between 2013 and 2016, Mozambique received over US$8 million in grants from the Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership The National Sustainable Development Fund Facility (FCPF) to prepare a National REDD+ Strategy and In 2016, the World Bank supported the Ministry to build the capacity needed to engage in payments for of Land, Environment and Rural Development emissions reductions from deforestation and degradation (MITADER) in the creation of the National With these funds, Mozambique prepared REDD+ pilot Sustainable Development Fund (FNDS). projects in several Provinces including Zambézia, and established a series of new management and monitoring Responsible for promoting rural development, entities, such as the provincial Program Implementation strategic land planning, sustainable value chains and Unit (PIU) and Multi-Stakeholder Platform. long-term financing for the environment sector, FNDS The PIU is responsible for supporting Zambézia’s streamlines the implementation of rural development rural development investments and ensuring all projects and builds institutional capacity. activities are implemented efficiently and transparently, ZILMP, in collaboration with other Bank sponsored in close coordination with a range of stakeholders projects, works closely with FNDS on a daily basis, and as part of the province’s overall social and providing technical support and policy advice to economic development plan. The PIU is designed to strengthen strategic planning, guide reform analysis promote innovative and decentralized governance and encourage long-term financing opportunities. arrangements at provincial and district levels. 6 ZAMBÉZIA LANDSCAPE PROGRAM Strengthening Policy Regulation L w Institution l Mo FIP Enforc m nt Co-op r tion llegal logging is widespread throughout Mozambique, The Bank is supporting law enforement strengthening to curb illegal forest activites in severalprovinces in causing losses of billions of dollars every year. Mozambique, including Zambézia (World Bank, 2018) Despite the government’s zero tolerance for illegal logging, protected forests continue to be logged and a large proportion ZILMP in Practice: Operação Tronco of the country’s timber exports are illegal. Additionally, In 2017, representatives from across the government few forest concession operators are fully compliant with legislations, operational requirements and management plans. came together to crack-down on illegal logging activities. Cross-ministerial teams visited border Since effective law enforcement and high-level controls, ports, log yards and forest concessions coordination are at the crux of illegal logging, ZILMP throughout Zambézia and the country, to ascertain the is working to address fragmentation and lack and legality of timber and assess operator compliance. This dialogue in the government by coordinating decision makers from across different departments to present peaceful operation seized of over 150,000 cubic meters a united front that can stamp out illegal activity. of wood and led to hefty fines, sounding a clear alert as to the GoM’s commitment to sustainable forest use. Under the MozFIP project, the World Bank is supporting the development of a national timber tracking system to help Through ZILMP and other projects, the World Bank is the government maintain control over the logging industry providing technical assistance and policy advice to the and prevent illegal activity. To support this tracking system GoM to implement actions that are essential in halting in Zambézia and enforce laws regarding the use of natural illegal resource exploitation, strengthening forest resources, ZILMP is helping to establish a provincial branch management and accelerating conservation of forests. of AQUA, the environmental law enforcement agency. BUILDING LIVELIHOODS, CONSERVING FORESTS 7 Data and Analysis L nd T nur Institution l SUSTENTA Mo FIP Co-op r tion The GoM now has a National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS), to track and measure forest cover, and a Geoportal of ZILMP in Practice: ROAM Sustainable Development Initiatives, an open-source resource Restoration Opportunities Assessment to show land-use and geographically track active projects. Methodology (ROAM) is an internationally recognized framework (developed by IUCN The Geoportal, NFMS and other geospatial data systems are critical and WRI) for rapidly identifying, analyzing and tools in making informed and equitable management decisions. prioritizing areas for reforestation and restoration. They assist government agencies and partners in securing To assist with land management planning in land rights, encourage communities and farmers to Zambézia, the World Bank supported a ROAM invest in long-term agricultural and forestry practices, assessment in five of the ZILMP districts. and help track deforestation and landscape change. The study found over 50% of the analyzed In Zambézia, ZILMP provides technical assistance landscape to be severely degraded and identified and GIS support for the continued collection of land- five restoration interventions: agroforestry, water use data and the production and updating of maps and and watershed conservation, soil conservation, landscape analysis to support and inform these tools. new forest plantations and management of This includes working closely with communities to define existing woodlots, and natural forest rehabilitation. boundaries and designate land-use priorities, such as villages, agriculture, plantations and rehabilitation. The analysis also indicates that integrating trees into agricultural systems will provide Community land delimitation is the first step to clarifying land potential alternative sources of income, rights and mitigating conflict. For communities to sustainably use and protect the services provided by healthy forests, they while regulating the local microclimate and must feel a sense of ownership over the land and be able to providing nutrient cycling in the soil. gain the skills necessary to manage and govern the resources. 8 ZAMBÉZIA LANDSCAPE PROGRAM The Bank supported the GoM in launching the Geoportal: a public website dedicated to sharing geospatial information such as project sites, land- uses, forest cover, delimitation borders and priority areas. The Portal can be accessed at: landscape.nextgis.com ZILMP in Practice: Land Use Planning for ZILMP in Practice: National Spatial Enhanced Resilience of Landscapes (LAUREL) Development Plan (PNDT) Funded by the World Bank, LAUREL works in partnership Funded by MozFIP, the National Spatial Development with government, civil society and academia to develop Plan (PNDT) recommends land-use investments for a GIS modeling platform that tracks actual and projected certain areas by presenting territorial models based rates of population, land-use, land cover and degradation. on current and future scenarios and evaluating the positive and negative trade-offs for each option. The project works extensively in Zambézia, where it helps to inform land-use decision making by evaluating The data and information presented in the PNDT is potential interventions for improved management and critical to informing sustainable land-management highlighting potential threats, such as endangering decisions that will ensure food security and balance to food security or biodiversity conservation. economic development with environmental benefits. BUILDING LIVELIHOODS, CONSERVING FORESTS 9 Working on the Ground Conservation Agriculture Acc ss to SUSTENTA Mo FIP En r Liv lihoods Crops nd tr s r pl nt d with minim l disturb nc to th soil Small-scale agriculture implemented by subsistence farmers is the key Plots r m ins L ndsc p s h v hi h tr Incr s d driver of deforestation in Zambézia. cov r, food production nd productiv , r ducin cov r nd v ri t th n d for f rm rs to biodiv rsit d cr s s rosion nd cl r mor l nd dds nutri nts. ZILMP is promoting conservation agriculture to reduce “slash and burn” methods and support subsistence farmers in increasing crop yields, without cutting forests and degrading the landscape. By reforesting farming plots with a Crops r combination of crops and trees, farmers rot t d r ul rl to enhance the organic matter in the soil and void nutir nt d pl tion in th plots create the healthy ecosystems needed for sustainable production. This means that communities are able to grow enough food to eat, address local and commercial demand to biomass energy and produce valuable crops and other non-timber products that can be sold at the market. 10 ZAMBÉZIA LANDSCAPE PROGRAM Right: Women are engaged in conservtaion agriculture across the country Above: Agroforestry plots in Zambézia (World Bank, 2018) ZILMP in Practice: Conservation Agriculture in Forestry In Mulevala, Mocubela and Gurue districts, ZILMP is introducing conservation agriculture across 1,500 hectares of degraded land. Working with farmers and producer groups – including associations and cooperatives – the project will benefit at least 1,500 households while restoring unproductive land and ecological services. By reducing deforestation in their area, these communities will also be eligible to receive payments for emissions reductions, further disincentivizing slash and burn practices. The project will work closely with beneficiaries to provide trainings, technical assistance in planning what to grow, and support (through a voucher system) for farmers to receive the products needed (fertilizers, irrigation etc.). The project also supports the organization of formalized community-based organizations to pool resources and share knowledge. BUILDING LIVELIHOODS, CONSERVING FORESTS 11 Community Based Natural Resource Management L nd T nur Liv lihoods SUSTENTA Mo FIP Mo DGM In 2018 the Bank assisted the GoM in holding a CBNRM Community Based Natural Resource Conference in Maputo (World Bank, 2018) Management (CBNRM) supports transparent and inclusive decision-making processes. ZILMP in Practice: Community forestry ZILMP is encouraging the GoM to adopt a more inclusive approach to designating land- António Macaula is the president of ANAWAPE, a community use, upholding regulations and strengthening agricultural association committed to providing tangible benefits law enforcement, by working in partnership to communities while safeguarding the natural environment. with communities and local operators. According to Macaula, the group saw a great economic opportunity By coordinating with Natural Resources in a local forestry concession for sustainable logging but faced Management Committees and other Community technical and financial limitations in developing a business. Based Organizations, the Program is improving awareness of local forest laws and garnering ANAWAPE is receiving institutional support from ZILMP support for the review and enhancement to create a community forest concession and negotiate of forest regulation where needed. a partnership with a private company for the processing and commercialization of the harvested timber. With more knowledge of laws and landscape management activities, local organizations “The association has greatly benefited from this support, which are better positioned to participate and has increased our capacity and stimulated motivation within the benefit economically. As such, the GoM has group” says Macaula. “Our dream is to evolve into an enterprise embraced CBNRM and is trying to actively that is involved in various economic areas to increase and diversify engage with local people on environmental incomes, yet always with the spirit of nature conservation.” management and conservation. 12 ZAMBÉZIA LANDSCAPE PROGRAM Supply Chains for Cash Crop Production Emissions Liv lihoods SUSTENTA Mo FIP Mo Bio P m nts Combined with agriculture for food, sustainable cash crops can boost livelihoods of subsistence farmers and regenerate degraded land. ZILMP in Practice: In one of the poorest provinces in the Connecting Farmers with Markets country, Zambézia’s rural families subsist on (World Bank, 2018) what they grow and the small amount they Near Gilé National Reserve, the Bank is working closely are able to send to market. Low productivity with the international NGO Etc Terra, to improve agricultural and isolated conditions, however, restrict their opportunities to enhance their livelihoods. practices, energy production and community law enforcement in over 1200 households. Collectively, these activities work to By promoting sustainable cash-crops, reduce deforestation and prevent landscape degradation. such as cashew, ZILMP encourages agricultural practices that don’t degrade Antonio Curasse, in Malema, Pebane, is one of the 1200 households the land and offers rural communities the enrolled in the Kohiwa project (meaning “I am aware of” in Lomwe). chance to move beyond daily subsistence. The cashew market information service provides prices and market Farmers learn more productive agricultural evaluations, helping farmers make informed business decisions. techniques, gain a deeper understanding The project is critical in helping farmers, such as Mr of markets and business and are Curasse, who credits the program for “receiving essential connected with commercial suppliers. market information by SMS and technical advice on how With greater productivity and more stable to combine crops such as cashew and sesame”. livelihoods, they are then better positioned to invest in their land for the future. BUILDING LIVELIHOODS, CONSERVING FORESTS 13 Commercial Reforestation Acc ss to Liv lihoods Mo FIP En r A local man waters seedlings at a plantation in Zambézia where they are adopting Conservation Agriculture practices (World Bank, 2018) By 2030, the GoM aims to restore one million hectares of degraded and deforested land, much ZILMP in Practice: Innovative Financing of which will be situated in Zambézia, creating To grow a viable and sustainable plantation, trees must be up to 25,000 jobs in the plantation sector. cultivated for six years before harvesting. For subsistence communities, that can be an insurmountable amount of To reduce deforestation of native time to invest in a project before gaining profit. woodlands and encourage the replanting of trees, ZILMP is working To bridge this gap, the World Bank is supporting a new innovative closely with communities and private financing scheme that supports farmers throughout this growth period sector to create sustainable plantations by providing performance-based payments for establishing and that support the local area both maintaining commercial plantations while also restoring priority areas. economically and environmentally. The Planted Forest Grant Scheme contributes 50-65% of By providing a combination of financing establishment costs and provides access to knowledge, schemes and technical assistance and products and technology to support the producer. In the coming training, ZIMLP can greatly increase years, it is predicted that the Scheme will establish at least community incomes and sustainably 3000 ha of sustainable, multi-purpose plantations and restore transform subsistence, often over 500 ha of degraded land across the ZILMP area. destructive, forestry practices into profitable, market orientated activities. 14 ZAMBÉZIA LANDSCAPE PROGRAM Charcoal Production and the Timber Industry Acc ss to Emissions Liv lihoods Mo FIP P m nts En r A growing population and weak energy sector mean there is huge demand for wood and bio-energy, particularly charcoal. ZILMP in Practice: Working with the Timber Industry Unsustainable extraction practices, such as logging beyond the regenerative capacity of the forests, In Mocuba district, Geraldo coupled with the low-efficiency of the charcoal Sotomane’s industry, produced, is causing severe forest degradation. construction and timber company ZILMP is curbing deforestation by supporting registers high waste in timber sustainable multi-purpose plantations that provide production and processing. (World Bank, 2018) local jobs, supply wood for energy, construction and After participating in a ZILMP supported training industry, and reforest landscapes. These plantations program, however, he has seen a decrease in waste aim to meet local demands for timber and non- and a jump in the productivity of his timber mill. timber products while restoring ecological services to degraded land and supporting local food supply. “As a result of the training, I am now using waste from the The Program is also promoting new kilns that saw mill to produce products such as charcoal, which I can produce high efficiency charcoal from timber waste then either use or sell at the market” explains Sotomane. products (thus reducing pressure on forests). This After the training he also started to use a more efficient kiln and includes bringing together timber producers and now produces up to 40 bags of charcoal in a week. “In view of suppliers on the ground to encourage collaboration the good results achieved, we now have three kilns. Another in the industry, strengthen management of advantage is that factory is always clean, and we are using all sustainable practices and offer trainings on the waste from the timber processing so there is no rubbish.” reducing waste and using the new kilns. BUILDING LIVELIHOODS, CONSERVING FORESTS 15 Payments for Emissions Reductions The FCPF Carbon Fund is committed to paying up to $50 million USD to Zambézia, should the nine districts participating in ZILMP be able to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from deforestation between 2018 and 2024. In other words, FCPF will pay Zambézia if they contribute to climate mitigation by reducing forest loss. If Zambézia is able to reduce emissions, payments will be triggered to those who contributed to generating the results – such as communities, district government and private sector – in accordance with the stakeholder-approved benefit sharing plan. The National Forest Monitoring System With assistance from the World Bank, the Government now has a robust forest cover monitoring system capable of monitoring forest cover and measuring, reporting and verifying emission reductions 16 ZAMBÉZIA LANDSCAPE PROGRAM Mozambique is a potential recipient of results Tr s nd soil c ptur nd stor Emissions based payments from the Forest Carbon P m nts Partnership Facility (FCPF) Carbon Fund. clim t ch n c usin CO2 Mo mbiqu loos s FCPF (coordinated by the World pprox. 267,000 h of Bank) is a global partnership of The FCPF Readiness for sts v r r governments, businesses, civil Fund assists countries in society and indigenous peoples developing REDD+ strategies that helps countries reduce and preparing for large-scale D for st tion is emissions from deforestation performance-based payments r l sin 46 million for REDD+ activities. tons of CO2 nnu ll and forest degradation, and D for st tion sustainably manage forests to The FCPF Carbon Fund then ccounts for 43% of Mo mbiqu ’s conserve and enhance carbon provides incentive payments for r nhous s stocks (activities commonly REDD+ policies and measures. missions referred to as REDD+). BUILDING LIVELIHOODS, CONSERVING FORESTS 17 Reaching the Beneficiaries Communities are at the heart of ZILMP, with local people receiving the most significant share of emissions reductions payments and on-the-ground activities. By contributing directly and voluntarily to the implementation of emission reduction activities, such as adopting conservation agriculture, monitoring community forests or restoring degraded land, beneficiaries will receive a previously agreed-upon portion of the payments in relation to their contribution to reducing deforestation. Developed in collaboration with the stakeholders whose actions most directly impact forests, particularly communities, the Benefit-Sharing Plan is guided by the principles of equity, efficiency and transparency. ZILMP Safeguards The Bank’s environmental and social safeguard The Dialogue and Grievance Mechanism policies are the cornerstone of all environmental and The DGM enhances public awareness about rural development projects in Mozambique. ZILMP, deters corruption, mitigates social and To ensure these are upheld throughout all activities, ZILMP environmental risks, and allows stakeholders relies on a team of safeguards specialists – four at the national to provide practical suggestions and feedback level, one based in Zambézia – as well as a community officer to ensure ZILMP remains accountable based at Gilé National Reserve and 15 extensionists. and transparent towards beneficiaries. Institutional capacity is a Bank priority and ZILMP is providing a The complaint process that can be used by series of social and environmental safeguards training workshops individuals, communities and/or civil society to improve awareness of safeguards policies and understanding organisations who feel they are being negatively of how to implement mitigation and inclusion measures. affected by ZILMP activities and operations. 18 ZAMBÉZIA LANDSCAPE PROGRAM Programs to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable rural development Reduction in deforestation and landscape degradation Payments for emissions reductions are issued from the FCPF to FNDS Performance buffer and operational costs are deducted Monetary benefits are divided between beneficaries Local Communities Private Sector Actors District Government 70% of ER payments 20% of ER payments 4% of ER payments As the primary stakeholders in Responsible for implementing The nine districts in which the ER program areas, communi- private initiatives, such as sus- emissions reduction program is ties are responsible for using tainable forest management, to working are responsible for sustainable land practices to reduce deforestation. They cooridnating and implementing (particulaly in agriculture) to recieve monetary benefits in the projects at a local level and lower deforestation. form of matching grants. liasing with communities. Provincial Government Gilé National Reserve 2% of ER payments 4% of ER payments In addition to supporting the Responsible for implementing Stakeholder Ladnscape Forum, conservation activities that provincial government super- protect biodiversity and forests vise emission reduction pro- in the reserve and lower defor- grams and coordinate work with estation in the buffer zone. the the national government. BUILDING LIVELIHOODS, CONSERVING FORESTS 19 1818 H Street, NW Government of Mozambique Washington, DC 20433 USA ph: +1 202 473 1000 www.worldbank.org