78158 g]kfndf hjfkmb]lxtf;DaGwL sfo{qmd -k|fg_ TH E WORLD BANK GROUP ;+If]kdf g]kfndf hjfkmb]lxtf;DaGwL sfo{qmd -k|fg_ / hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ k|j4{g ug{] 1fg / n] g]kfndf ;fdflhs hfjkmb]lxtfnfO{ Ifdtfsf] cefjn] ubf{ x'g] ub{5_ k|fgn] k|j4{g ug{sf nflu gful/s ;dfh / cfkm"nfO{ Pp6f alnof] pTk|]/s ;fem]bf/sf] ;/sf/L lgsfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{] ?kdf pEofPsf] 5 . p2]Zon] Jojxfl/s tflnd Pj+ l;sfO / xfnsf] cj:yfdf :yfoL, pQ/bfoL / ;+hfnLs/0fnfO{ ;an agfpg] sfo{df hjfkmb]xL /fHo lgsfonfO{ :yflkt ug{ dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbO/x]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg sfo{sf nflu gful/s /fHo lgdf{0fsf] k|s[ofsf] bf}/fgdf cfPsf] ;dfhsf] e"ldsf cem a9]sf] 5 . o; cg'kd cj;/nfO{ ;b'kof]u u/L To; cj:yfdf gful/s ;dfhn] /rgfTds k|s[ofdf ;3fp k'/\ofpg] x]t'n] o; e"ldsf lgefpgsf nflu gful/s ;dfh sfo{qmdnfO{ ljsl;t ul/Psf] xf] . ;Lldt ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;an agfpg] sfo{ g]kfnsf kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtfn] ;/sf/sf] ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?n] lbg ;Sg] Pp6f ;]jf lbg] Ifdtf / b'/ufdL k|efj kfg{] d'Vo of]ubfg xf] . ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdsf] sfof{GjognfO{ sdhf]/ agfp“b5 . alxis/0f ljz]if u/L lhNnf / g]kfndf gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx?sf] alnof] ufpF txdf 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]lvG5, hxfF k/Dk/f /lxcfPsf]5 . oBlk ljefhg, lg0f{o ug{] lgsfox?df hf]lvddf /x]sf /fhgLlts/0f, sd Ifdtf, ckof{Kt ;d"xx?sf] lgs} sd k|ltlglwTj x'G5, ;+of]hg / /fHo;Fusf] c;dfg ;DaGwh:tf ;]jfdf yf]/} kx'Fr x'G5 / pgLx?n] cfkm\gf s'/fx?n] oL ;+:yfx?sf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ cfjfhnfO{ d'vl/t ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . ;Lldt u/]sf] 5 . zf;gnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{] sfo{df g]kfnnfO{ ul/ad'vL / cfly{s ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf gePsf] cj:yfdf -h'g ljsf;sf] af6f]tkm{ pGd'v u/fpgsf ljz]if u/L ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] kf/blz{tf nflu ;'zf;g Pp6f d'Vo s8L xf] eGg] s'/fdf g]kfnsf /fhgLlts zlQm tyf ljsf; 2 ;fem]bf/x? nueu ;xdt 5g\ . lyPgg\ . ;'zf;gsf nflu ;an / k|efjsf/L æxfdLnfO{ of]hgfsf] k/fdz{df ;xefuL ;/sf/L lgsfo dfq xf]Og, ;lqmo / u/fOPsf] lyPg . xfdLnfO{ xfdLn] kfpg' kg{] lqmofzLn gful/s / gful/s ;dfh ;]jf;'ljwf af/] yfxf klg lyPg . uPsf] jif{ ;+:yf klg rflxG5 . k|fgn] ;'zf;gsf] b'j} ;fd'bflos ;+rf/ s]Gb|n] xfdLnfO{ hfgsf/L æcfk'lt{Æ / ædfuÆ kIfnfO{ k|j4{g ub{5 / oL lbP kl5 dfq xfdLnfO{ t yfxf eof] . To; b'j}aLr ;]t"sf] sfo{ klg ub{5 . cl3 t xfdL 3/d} ;Lldt lyof}+ . dlxnfsf nflu klg ah]6 5''66\ofOG5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ /fHo tyf zflGt lgdf{0f sf]if -P;lklaPkm_ cQf]kQf] lyPg . xfdLn] t cfkm}nfO{ ljsf; / ax'bft[ sf]if -Pdl8l6Pkm_ sf] cfly{s ug{] df}sf kf] r'sfO/x]sf /x]5f}+ . cab]lv t ;xof]udf k|fgn] tLg j6f If]qdf ;fdflhs of] df}sf lsg kf] r'sfpYof}+ /Æ, %) jifL{o hjfkmb]lxtfsf s[ofsnfk ;+rfng ug{ ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ ;'ss'df/L ljZjsdf{ ;xof]u ul//fv]sf] 5 . tL ;fj{hlgs ljQLo 5's5's dfGb} eGg' x'G5 . Joj:yfkg, gu/Lo ;'zf;g / ;fj{hlgs ;fd'bflos ;+rf/ s]Gb|n] k|fgdfkm{t ;]jf k|bfg x'g\ . ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] ;f]wvf]h gfds ;fdflhs l;sfOx?M ;'rgfnfO{ ;zlQms/0fdf hjfkmb]lxtfsf] cf}hf/sf] k|of]u;DaGwL kl/of]hgf ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . ah]6 th'{df abNb} ubf{ dlxnfsf] e"ldsfaf/] @)) dlxnf;Fu g]kfnsf] dWodf~rn If]qsf] n]vgfy cGtjftf{ ul/Psf] lyof] eg] !% j6f ;fd'lxs gu/kflnsfdf dlxnfx? cfkm\gf] cfjfhsf] 5nkmn ;+rfng ul/Psf lyP . ah]6 th'{dfdf ;'g'jfO xf];\ / cfkm"x?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/of];\ dlxnfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|sfzdf Nofpg s]Gb|n] egL dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ . k|fgsf] sfo{sf] 5 j6f gful/s ;r]tgf 5nkmn sfo{qmd kmn:j?k o:tf] kl/jt{g cfpg ;Dej ePsf] / Pp6f ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ klg ;+rfng xf] . u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf k|To]s jif{ gu/kflnsfsf] Psd'i7 cg'bfg tL dlxnfx? dlxnfs]lGb|t sfo{qmdsf nflu -Ans u|fG6_ sf] bz k|ltzt ah]6 dlxnfsf nflu ah]6 rfxG5g\ . h:tf] ls l;nfOa'gfO, s[ifL, ljlgof]hg ul/G5 . oBlk ;f] ah]6 ;w}+ gub] afnL cflb af/] sfo{zfnf ;+rfng ug{sf dlxnfx? sxfF eg] k'Ub}g . n]vgfysf nflu . k'?if hlt s} l;Sg] df}sf kfPdf dfq dlxnfx?nfO{ o:tf] k|fjwfg 5 eGg] yfxf dlxnfx? k'?if ;dfg x'g ;Sg] pgLx?sf] lyPg . pgLx?n] gu/Lo ah]6 tof/Lsf nflu 7DofO 5 . x'g] 5nkmndf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ kfPsf k|fgsf] ljifout If]qx? ;'zf;gsf nflu ;an / k|efjsf/L eO/x]sf] Jofks cEof;n] ubf{ tL k4lt ;/sf/L ;+oGq eP/ dfq k'Ub}g . o;sf / cf}hf/df lgvf/ klg cfPsf 5g\ / nflu ;lqmo / lqmofzLn gful/s / æ;'zf;gsf] dfuÆ nfO{ dha't agfpg] gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx? klg rflxG5 . ultnf] dfWod ag]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf ljZj a}+ssf] zf;g;DaGwL sfo{qmd xfn ljZj a}+sn] ljZjel/ g} p;n] b'O6f If]qdf sfd ub{5M ;xof]u ul//x]sf sfo{qmdx?df tL k4lt != /fHo ;+oGqsf] k|efjsfl/tf, pQ/ k|of]u ug{nfO{ ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . bfloTj, kf/blz{tf / cfGtl/s g]kfn ;/sf/n] klg hjfkmb]lxtf / ;]jf hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ dha't agfpg] k|bfg ug{] sfo{nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ dfu kIfsf] @= ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf ;+oGqnfO{ cfjZostf ePsf] :jLsf/ ub{5 . ;jn agfO{ ;/sf/sf] hjfkmb]lxtf gjf}+ k~jifL{o of]hgf;Fu} ;/sf/n] ljsf; / kf/blz{tfnfO{ a9fpg] /0fgLltsf] th{'df / sfof{Gjogdf gful/s ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf eGgfn] tL ;dfhnfO{ cxd\ e'ldsf k|bfg u/]sf] 5. k4ltx?nfO{ hgfp“b5 h;n] gful/s, ;/sf/n] xfn} ;'zf;g P]g / ;"rgfsf] gful/s ;dfh ;+:yf / cGo xs;DaGwL P]g klg nfu" u/]sf] 5 . oL u}//fHo kIfsf] /fHonfO{ hjfkmb]xL b'j} P]gn] hjfkmb]xL / Odfgbf/ ;/sf/sf] agfpg] IfdtfnfO{ a9fpFb5 / kf/bzL{, cfjZostf / ;/sf/sf] sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ hjfkmb]xL / gful/ssf] cfjZostf / dfuk|lt cg'udg ug{ gful/s ;"lrt / ;zQm x'g] pQ/bfoL x'g /fHosf] IfdtfnfO{ klg clwsf/nfO{ cfTd;fy u/]sf] 5 . a9fp“b5 . k|fgsf tLg ljifout If]q ljQLo Joj:yfkg, uPsf] bz jif{df ljZjel/ g} ;fdflhs gu/Lo zf;g / ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|bfgnfO{ hjfkmb]lxtfsf ljleGg k4lt / cf}hf/x? ljsf; ul/Psf 5g\ . ljleGg d'n'sx?df 4 ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu sfo{qmd lgDg ;ldltx? sfo{x?df s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] 5M y ;]jf k|bfosx?åf/f ;]jf;'ljwf / z'Nsx? af/] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|jfx ;fj{hlgs ljQ Joj:yfkg y gful/s j8fkq y :jtGq ah]6 ljZn]if0f -gful/s y ;fdflhs n]vf ;dfh ;+:yf, ly° 6\of°, cg';Gwfg y u'gf;f] /fVg] k|efjsf/L ;+oGqsf] s]Gb| cflbx?åf/f_ :yfkgf y ah]6;DaGwL ;"rgfsf] ;/nLs/0f / cfd ?kdf jf ;fj{hlgs k|jfx k|fgsf] ;kmntfM y cfd;r]tgf / ah]6 ;fIf/tfsf] :t/ ;fd'bflos c+ssf8{sf] k|of]u nfO{ a9fpg] k|fg cGtu{t bz dlxgfsf] cjlwdf y ;xeflutfd"ns vr{sf] ;f]wvf]h gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] !# j6f ufpFsf @! j6f ;fd''bflos ljBfnox?n] ;fd'bflos gu/Lo ;'zf;g c+ssf8{ k|of]u ugf{n] ljBfyL{n] kfpg] y gful/s o'lgogsf] u7g ;]jfdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 . -gu/kflnsfsf clwsf/Lx?;Fu ;fd'bflos c+ssf8{df 5 j6f r/0fx? lyP, cGtlqmof ug{_ h;dWo] ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ eg]sf] ;Daf]wg y ;fdflhs s/f/sf] :yfkgf ul/g' kg{] d'2fx? af/] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr -gu/kflnsfsf clwsf/L / -cleefjs, ljBfyL{, lzIfs, lzIff dGqfnosf clwsf/L, ljBfno Jojf:yfkg ;ldlt, / gful/saLr_ cleefjs / lzIfs ;+3_ ;xdtL Nofpg' y gful/s / gu/Lo ;/sf/aLr lyof] . lgoldt ;Djfb ug{sf nflu ;+oGq y gu/Lo kf/blz{tf / æ;d'bfok|ltsf]æ o; cEof; ;]jf kfpg] / k|bfg ug{] aLr sfo{ of]hgfdf ;xdtL Nofpg] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;+oGq hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{] ;+oGq xf] . gjnk/f;Ldf ;fd'bflos c+ssf8{sf] y ;xeflutfd"ns gu/Lo of]hgf th'{df k|of]un] tLg s'/f u¥of] . y ;xeflutfd"ns ah]6 th'{df lzIffnfO{ k|efj kfg{] dxTjk"0f{ d'2fx? af/] ;xdtL ;'lglZrt u¥of] . ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|bfg y ;]jf cg'udg ug{ ;fd'bflos c+ssf8{ ;]jfk|bfos / ;]jf k|fksx?aLr Ps csf{sf] -/ cGo ;xeflutfd"ns cg'udg / wf/0ff a'em\g d2t u¥of] . d"Nof°g k4lt_ sf] k|of]u b'j} kIfn] dxTjk"0f{ egL :jLsf/ u/]sf y gful/s k|ltj]bg sf8{ d'2fx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu ;+oQ ' m y ;fd'bflos Joj:yfkg / cg'udg k|lta4tf xfl;n u¥of] . 5 k|fgsf] k2lt k|fgsf] sfo{qmd p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf nflu j:t'k/s dfkb08sf cfwf/df kf/bzL{ lgDg s[ofsnfkx? ul/G5g\, h'g o;sf k|s[of k|of]u u/L 5gf}6 ul/G5 . tflnd g]kfnL ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?n] Joj:yfkg / Ifdtf clej[l4sf] dfunfO{ qmda4 ub{5g\ . ?kdf ul/g] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{x?dfkm{t c+fsng ul/G5, / Ifdtf ljsf; / ;r]tgf cleJoQm ul/Psf dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L o; cGtu{t, sfo{qmdn] lgDg s[ofsnfksf Ifdtf clej[l4 s[ofsnfkx?nfO{ ;f]lx nflu ;xof]u ub{5M cg';f/ 9fNg nrstf ckgfOg] ul/G5 . s_ gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/L cEof;stf{x?sf nflu ;fdflhs k|fgsf Ifdtf clej[l4 s[ofsnfkn] hjfkmb]lxtfsf k4lt af/] tflnd gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/L v_ sfd jf hflu/ s} bf}/fgdf k|bfg cEof;stf{x?nfO{ nlIft ub{5 . ul/g] ;Nnfx;'emfj / cg'lzIf0f sfo{ut l;sfOsf nflu cg'bfg u_ cfbfgk|bfg e|d0f / 5fqj[lQ o; cGtu{t sfo{qmdn] lgDg s[ofsnfksf 3_ nlIft ;d"xsf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmdx? nflu ;xof]u ub{5M k|fgsf Ifdtf clej[l4 s[ofsnfkn] gful/s s_ ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf;DaGwL gd"gf ;dfh / ;/sf/L cEof;stf{x?nfO{ kl/of]hgfsf nflu cg'bfg -cd]l/sL nlIft ub{5 . o;n] g]kfndf klxNo}b]lv 8n/ %),))) ;Dd_ /, k|of]u eO/x]sf ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtfsf v_ cf}hf/ ljsf; / sfo{ut cg';Gwfgsf k4ltnfO{ ;an agfpg] / cGo d'n'sx?df nflu ;fgf] cg'bfg -cd]l/sL 8n/ k|of]u eO{ k|efjsf/L l;4 ePsf ljZjJofkL !%,))) ;Dd_ cEof;x?nfO{ pko'Qm eP;Dd g]kfnL cg'bfg kfpg] gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx?nfO{ kl/k|]Ifdf cg's'n u/L k|of]u ug{] p2]Zo cg'bfg ultljlw sfof{Gjog ug{] l;nl;nfdf /fVb5 . Ifdtf clej[l4sf ;xefuLx?nfO{ cg'ejL ;Nnfxsf/åf/f ;Nnfx / cg'lzIf0f 6 k|bfg ul/G5 . cg'bfgn] ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ dha't agfpgsf hjfkmb]lxtfsf cf}hf/ ljsf;, kl/If0f nflu ;fGble{s l;sfOx?nfO{ ;+u|x ug{] Pj+ g]kfnL kl/j]zdf cg's'n ug{], ug{sf nflu :jtGq tYodf cfwfl/t sfof{GjognfO{ cg'udg ug{], / ;+rfng cg';Gwfg kb{5g\ . / Ifdtf clej[l4 lqmofsnfknfO{ eljiodf v_ cGo ljz]if cWoogM eljiodf lgb{]z ug{ glthfx?nfO{ 36gf cWoogsf g]kfndf ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtfsf] ?kdf k|jfx ug{] vr{nfO{ ;d]6b5 . cEof;nfO{ ;an agfpgsf 1fg cfbfgk|bfg / ;+hfnLs/0f nflu yk cWoog cfjZos x'g] o; cGtu{t sfo{qmdn] lgDg s[ofsnfksf ljifox?sf] cg';Gwfg sfo{df k|fgn] nflu ;xof]u ub{5M ;xof]u ub{5 . s_ 1fg Joj:yfkg ;]jf sfo{qmd g]t[Tj / k|zf;g v_ ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu cGttM g]kfndf ljZj a}+ssf] /fli6«o k/:k/ ;xof]uL ;+hfn / u7aGwg sfof{nodf cjl:yt s]lGb|o k|fg cg';Gwfg, cg'udg, d"Nof°g / ;+of]hg OsfO -lkl;o"_n], sfo{qmdsf s[ofsnfkx?sf] ;+of]hgsf] pTt/bfoLTj l;sfO axg ub{5 . ;fy} sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg o; cGtu{t sfo{qmdn] lgDg s[ofsnfksf Wofgk"j{s ug]{, sfo{qmdsf cg'ej, nflu ;xof]u ub{5M l;sfOx? ;+sng u/L k[i7kf]if0f åf/f s_ cg'udg, k|efj d"Nof°g / l;sfO, k|fgsf] dha'tLs/0f ug]{ tyf g]kfnsf nflu h; cGtu{t k|fgsf nflu æu/]/ ljZj a}+ssf] /fli6«o sfo{qmddf ;fdflhs l;Sg]Æ lgdf{0ffwLg /0fgLltsf] hjfkmb]lxtf ;dflxt ug{sf nflu cfwf/ ljsf; / sfo{qmdn] ;xof]u u/]sf k|bfg ug]{ / ;'lglZrt ug]{ pQ/bfoLTj klg s[ofsnfknfO{ cg'udg / d"Nof°g axg ub{5 . ug{ / g]kfndf ;fdflhs 7 TH E WORLD BANK GROUP ljZj a}+s g]kfn sfof{no kf]i6 aS;\ g+M &(* ofs P08 olt xf]6n sDKn]S;\ b/jf/dfu{, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn kmf]gM $@@^&(@, $@@^&(# km\ofS;\M $@@%!!@ j]a;fO6M www.worldbank.org.np d] ;g\ @)!# kmf]6f] ;fef/M ljZj a}+s / k|f]klAns k|fg cGtu{tsf s[ofsnfk /fHo tyf zflGtlgdf{0f sf]if -P;lklaPkm_ / ax'bft[ sf]if -Pdl8l6Pkm_ sf cfly{s ;xof]udfkm{t ;+rflnt ePsf x'g\ . 8