58128
                                                  The Making of a Market Economy
VOL 101 N06 	



In 	this Issue:
                                      JUNE 1991

                                                  Po and · n Transition
Articles
 2 	 Poland in Transition. Poland was
     among the first Central European             by John Maxwell Hamilton
     countries to launch economic
     reforms, but the road to a market
     economy is fraught with difficulties.                                                      can't make an aquarium out of fish
 4 	 Getting Started. Orientation isn't what                specter is haunting Europe­
     it used to be.                                        the specter of communism." So        stew.
 7 	 Mission to Mongolia. The 'last 
                      wrote Karl Marx and Friedrich           Communism, as the Michnik's apho­
     frontier' is in a hurry and has 
            Engles at the beginning of The Commu­         rism suggests, killed off critical compo­
     ambitious plans to privatize. 
              nist Manifesto in 1848. And so might          nents of capitalism, although the miss­
 9 	 Hands Across 19th Street. The Bank           people agree today.                           ing pieces are not always immediately
     and Fund reap benefits and savings by           The specter of communism, Marx             obvious. To a first-time visitor, Prague
     combining mainframe computing                and Engles thought, haunted the minds         seems like other lovely European cities,
     workloads.                                                                                 says Peter Whitford, Principal Environ­
                                                  of capitalists too frightened of revolu­
13 	 The Rainforest Guests. It wasn't your                                                      ment Specialist, EMENA Region, but
     everyday meeting when members of             tionary change to see that communism
                                                  was the wave of the future.                   Czechoslovakia as well as Poland,
     the "Alliance of Forest People of
     Brazil" came to the Bank.                        Today world-shakers are not commu­        Hungary, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Ro­
16 	 An Onomastic Odyssey. What's in a 
          nists. They are throwing out commu­           mania-all countries in which Bank
     name? 
                                      nists and trying to create free-market        staff now work-lack modern banking,
                                                  economies. Revolutionaries from the           accounting, and court systems.
Departments                                                                                        Poland was among the first countries
                                                  Baltic to the Mediterranean have even
11 	 On the Record. Edward V.K. Jaycox            jettisoned the old name "Eastern Eu­          to start the reform process. Its nascent
     on a long-term vision of African             rope," which smacked too much of              private sector is booming, Harvard
     development.                                 Moscow domination, and describe               economist Jeffrey D. Sachs said at the
18 	 Staff Association. Something Like a          themselves as Central Europeans. But          World Bank's annual conference on De­
     Union? 
                                                                                   velopment Economics in late April. But
19 Around the Bank 
                              communism still haunts them. For as
                                                  these new nation builders are learning,       Mr. Sachs, who has advised the Poles
21 Staff Changes 

24 Answerline 
                                   it is not easy to exorcise the elaborate      on free market reforms, admits no one
                                                  communist system, which so thor­              knows just how much it is booming.
Cover                                             oughly shaped attitudes and institu­          The Poles don't yet have the capability
Ayoung Indian from the Brazilian                  tions.                                        to measure free-market activity.
rainforest holds a hollow reed allowing               "The heritage of the past few de­
him to breathe underwater.                        cades has proven worse than we could          New laws
             Photo by FatherJoao Saffirio         possibly have anticipated in the joyous          Central Europeans are in various
                                                  atmosphere of those first few weeks of        stages of creating free market infra­
                                                  freedom," Vaclav Havel reported in a          structure. They are writing new laws,
                                                  New Year message to his Czech and             lifting subsidies, moving government­
                                                  Slovak countrymen and women. "Each            owned enterprises off state books and
                                                  day brings new problems, and each             into private hands, and learning to
                                                  day we realize how interrelated they          manage their economies through subtle
                                                  are, how long they will take to solve,        monetary policy rather than govern­
                                                  and how difficult it is to establish the      ment dictate. Each step along the way
                                                  proper order in which to deal with            is difficult.
                                                  them."                                           Legislators can quickly pass laws on
                                                                                                banking and investment, says Alan
The Bank's World is published monthly in          Fish stew                                     Gelb, Chief of the Bank's Socialist Econ­
Washington, D.C., by the Information and Public
Affairs Division of the World Bank for all           Adam Michnik, once a dissident es­         omies Reform Unit. But it takes years
employees and retirees of the World Bank Group,
1818 H St., N.w., Room T-8049, Washington,        sayist and now a member of the Polish         to train competent bank supervisors.
D.C. 	20433.                                      Sejm <parliament), uses a familiar meta­         Privatization, the jargon economists
     Thierry Sagnier, Editor and Publisher        phor to describe the difficulties of creat­   use to describe the process of unravel­
     Jill Roessner, Associate Editor
     Morallina Fanwar-George, Editorial           ing a market economy from the rubble          ing government ownership of shops
       Assistant 
                                of a command economy: you can make            and large enterprises, is an especially
     Bill Fraser, Designer 

                                                  fish stew out of an aquarium, but you         mammoth undertaking. As the London­

2   THE BANK'S WORLD 1JUNE 1991
                                                                                         ish president Lech Walesa. But Solidar­
                                                                                         ity members don't want unemploy­
                                                                                         ment. "They say: 'Let's start with some­
                                                                                         body else's job.'"
                                                                                            Another factor exacerbates the diffi­
                                                                                         culties of these reforms-money. New
                                                                                         leaders throughout Central Europe
                                                                                         have been shocked by the paltry trea­
                                                                                         suries the communists left behind.
                                                                                            Foreign investment and loans from
                                                                                         multilateral and bilateral donors can
                                                                                         help retool industries and support new
                                                                                         safety nets needed to cushion hardship
                                                                                         during the transition. How much capi­
                                                                                         tal will be available, however, remains
                                                                                         a troublesome question mark.
                                                                                            Poland has received some relief from
                                                                                         its debt owed to other governments,
                                                                                         much to the consternation of many
                                                                                         commercial banks. Hungary and Bul­
                                                                                         garia are especially saddled with debt.
                                                                                             The newly created European Bank
                                                                                         for Reconstruction and Development
based Financial Times noted recently, "It   says, but Central Europeans have ac­         (EBRD) has joined the World Bank and
took the British government [under          quired the habits of socialism.              bilateral development agencies in pro­
Margaret Thatcher] a decade to privat­        Communism killed the work ethic,           viding capital. But at the EBRD's in­
ize 50 companies, with the help of one      says Dr. Jiri Musil, head of the Institute   auguration in mid-April, finance minis­
of the most sophisticated financial         for Sociology in Prague. People no           ters openly worried that high interest
structures in the world." The Polish        longer see natural links between work        rates and sluggish world economic
government sold off or leased over          and reward.                                  growth could reduce the flow of
20,000 shops and outlets last year, but                                                  money into the region.
                                               One of the myths of Central Europe
only seven large and 40 medium-to­          revolutions is that "the transition is          Cold cash by itself, however, is not
small industrial enterprises went into                                                   the only foreign help Central Europe­
                                            going to be relatively quick and
                                            smooth," says Eugenio F. Lari, former        ans need. "You can't just pour money
priv..! te hands. Altogether it controls
                                                                                         into banks to restructure," says David
about 7,000 industrial firms.               Director, Europe Middle East and
                                                                                         Fretwell, an employment specialist in
   At the beginning of this year some       North Africa Country Department III.
                                                                                         the EMENA Region. "You have to deal
365 workers and managers at Binro Pro­      Joblessness, inflation, and drops in real
                                                                                         with people." Know-how and advice
jektow Przemyslu Koksochemicznego           income will come before benefits.
                                                                                         are crucial for countries that have not
bought their company, which designs            Many new leaders worry how much           written profit-and-Ioss statements or
coal coking plants near Zabrze in south­    pain people will tolerate today for gain     managed job retraining programs.
west Poland. This required evaluation       tomorrow, especially in light of high ex­
of the assets to be sold as well as other   pectations for a better life after commu­    Retrain workers
paperwork, including documentation          nism. "Everyone had to promise some­
                                            thing," says Petr Gandalovic, a                 World Bank activities have ranged
showing that workers and manage­                                                         from structural adjustment loans to ze­
ment agreed on privatization. One of        23-year-old Czech elected to the federal
                                            parliament last year.                        roing in on narrower problems. A $100
the difficulties in the transition, com­                                                 million loan negotiated for Poland in
ments a plant executive, was that the          "We have had to make major
                                                                                         April will retrain workers and set up
Ministry of Privatization in Warsaw is      changes but have little time," adds          labor information systems that help
understaffed and still learning its job.    Karol Szwarc, Secretary of State in
                                                                                         people find new jobs.
                                            Poland's Central Planning Office.
Homo sovieticus                                                                             A $40 million loan to be considered
                                                                                         by the Board this month will help
   More than the economy, however,          Somebody else's job
                                                                                         Czech and Slovak enterprises and
needs reforming. Sitting in his office in      The Solidarity union, in the van­         banks acquire legal, engineering, finan­
the considerably reduced Polish Cen­        guard of the Polish revolution, is likely    cial and other world-class advice
tral Planning Office, Deputy Director       to be restive about economic hardships       needed to restructure enterprises into            i
Jerzy Szlachta talks about the commu­       as a result of free-market reforms. As       competitive businesses. "For appar­
nist-created homo sovieticus, people who    much as 60 to 80 percent of the union        ently the first time, the Bank would be
have come to expect low prices for the      members want a free market, says             providing seed money for a joint stock
basics and iron-clad job security. Per­     Jerzy Orzel, a journalist with Solidarity    company, created to help screen and
haps such a species does not exist, he      Weekly and an informal advisor to Pol­       provide this external advice on a fee

                                                                                                        THE BANK·S WORLD / JUNE 1991   3
..
 J

     basis," says country officer and tax        searcher at the Central Mining Institute    fective local leadership. With a smile,
     manager Frank Vita. ''We expect that        and president of the Upper Silesian         Mr. Beblo holds up a pamphlet. "This
     joint stock company to be privatized        branch of the Polish Ecological Club,       is now my hobby-to collect this writ­
     within three years along with its cli­      which like many environmental organi­       ing." "This writing" is from the New
     ents."                                      za tions was a hotbed of dissidence         Jersey Department of Environmental
        "System reform is an intensely politi­   under the communists. Last year, he be­     Protection and entitled "Improving Dia­
     cal process," say Mr. Gelb and Stanley      came head of a new office in the            logue with Communities: A Short
     Fischer, the Bank's former Chief Econo­     Katowice government to improve envi­        Guide for Government Risk Communi­
     mist. At one level are pressures to rein    ronmental management, an initiative         cation." Among the suggestions: "Lis­
     in reforms in order to avoid political      supported by the national government        ten to what various groups are telling
     backlash. With nascent democracy, pub­      and the World Bank.                         you." "Avoid closed meetings."
     Hc opinion is much more persuasive to          His agenda, Mr. Beblo says, is to cut       Communists came to power at the
     leaders than under the old authoritar­      local pollution by both industries and      end of World War II promising a de­
     ian system. At another level is the need    individuals, who run factories and heat     mocracy that would address people's
     to empower people to take political         homes with coal. He also wants people       needs, but they failed. Free-market capi­
     and economic initiative at the local        to become more environment-con­
     level.                                                                                  talism now has its chance in Central Eu­
                                                 scious. Such goals are tied to economic
                                                                                             rope. But many years and much pa­
        This dual challenge complicates the      reforms, which would eliminate ineffi­
     transition, says Jane Loos, a Country                                                   tience will be needed for Mr. Beblo and
                                                 cient polluting companies, and there­
     Economist for Poland, "but it is an es­                                                 other new nation builders to exorcise
                                                 fore, will cost jobs. But the need for
     sential part of the process."               such policies is obvious from looking       fully the specter of communism.         II
        A key element in this new political      through the lace curtains in his modest
     equation is the emergence of respon­        office. A haze from coal-heated homes       Editor's note: John Maxwell Hamilton is
     sive local government, a point that Dr.     and tall stack industries envelopes         the Senior Counsellor for Development Ed­
     Wojciech S. Beblo takes to heart. Mr.       Katowice.                                   ucation in the Information and Public Af­
     Beblo is a Polish physicist and chemist.       To do the job, Mr. Beblo says, Poland    fairs Division, External Affairs Depart­
     Under the communists, he was a re­          must rebuild its tradition of strong, ef­   ment.




     New Program Supports New Support Staff

     Getting S ar ed
     by Morallina Fanwar-George




            uesday, April 8, 9 a.m.              nent, two-year Fixed Term, C-TAP, and       lentless torrent of information-verbal,
       Fifteen participants representing         TAP staff members and Bank Temps            written and visual. So much informa­
     nine countries sit around the confer­       new to the Bank or who have been            tion it cannot possibly be digested all
     ence table in a training room in the N      away for a number of years.                 in one day-but is archived and will be
     building. It is an unseasonably warm                                                    retrieved for later use.
     day and the windows are open to the            9:15 a.m. Mary Brady, one of the Pro­       Two short videos then follow, "Wel­
     sounds of the morning traffic rush          gram Managers jn the Training Divi­         come to the World Bank" -featuring
     hour. Some smile or nod at each other       sion (POPTR), welcomes the group and        Barber Conable talking about the Bank,
     while others sip their tea or coffee.       offers a short introduction to the pro­     its history and mission, and "Your
     Their eyes follow the movements of the      gram. This is followed by a 10-minute       World Bank" -covering different as­
     course administrator as she makes final     "get-to-know-each-other-better" exer­       pects and services of the institution.
     preparations for the day's program.         cise where pairs interview each other
       These are participants in the One­        and then introduce the other to the            9:45 a.m. Linda Byron, the Course
     week Orientation for New Support            group. This short, light interlude serves   Administrator, explains the Bank's
     Staff held April 8 through 12. Atten­       to break the ice before they are plunged    structure, organization and order of re­
     dees at this Orientation include Perma      into a day (and week) packed with are­      porting. She then focuses on the Opera­

     4   THE BANK'S WORLD / JUNE 1991
tions Complex and the project cycle,
using charts on a flip board and more il­                       Two Administrative Secretaries as Examples
lustrations on the blackboard. She                "Having the Admin Secretaries speak to the group is a two-fold benefit," points
winds up with a description of the proj­       outs Mary Brady. "The new staff member gets an understanding of how a typical divi­
ect cycle and touches briefly on the at­       sion works and the Admin Secretary gets to put her skills to yet another use-which I
tendant reports and other documenta­           see as part of job enrichment."
tions. The group is attentive and not             The two Admins who participated this particular week were Helen Masson-Bruno
reticent about asking questions. Some          and Emilia Arriola, both from the Asia Region.
of them have worked as temporaries in
the Bank or been in a resident mission;           Helene Masson-Bruno, a native of Canada, was recruited from Montreal in 1967
this experience is exhibited in the types      and has served in several departments in the Bank. She is the Admin Secretary in the
                                               Infrastructure Division, Asia Technical Department. "It's good to move around," she
of questions they ask.                         says, "1 encourage staff to do so--it's a benefit to themselves; you see different facets
                                               of the Bank and get a better picture.
   10:30 a.m. This session, titled "Work­          "I think the program is long overdue," sAe states. "I do a lot of hiring-both temps
ing in a Typical Division," was pre­           and new staff-and without proper orientation, many of them find it very confusing
sented by two Administrative Secretar­         and take longer to adjust."
ies (see box for more details) who                Her contribution to the program includes a description of day-to-day life in a divi­
explain day-to-day life in a typical           sion, advice on what to do if you are sick or have an emergency, stressing the team
working unit.                                  spirit, and gives an idea of what to expect in a busy office. An energetic lady who
                                               loves public performances, Ms. Masson-Bruno says, "I do this because I want to give
   A IS-minute coffee break follows in
                                               the new staff a sense of the Bank and because I love to do it. It suits me, I'm a ham."
which the group is given the opportu­
nity to chat with the Admin Secretaries,          Emilia Aniola, Admin Secretary in the Infrastructure Operations Division, Asia
ask them questions and jot down their          Country Department II, has been with the Bank since 1974. She is enthusiastic about
names and phone numbers for later re­          the program and says it is badly needed. ''I am dedicated and committed to this Ori­
ferrals. The Admins who assist with            entation Program because I have a strong interest in people and the institution."
this program serve as points of contact           A native of the Philippines, Mrs. Arriola says, "The Bank has given me so much­
for the new recruits.                          training, security, benefits and friends--I feel this is my way of showing my apprecia­
                                               tion. I want to pass on the benefit of my experience and knowledge to new staff mem­
                                               bers."
   11:30 a.m. Mrs. Brady addresses the            In her part of the presentation, she stresses how important it is to work in a team,
matter of working in a culturally di­          to be aware of cultural differences and to always have open communication. She also
verse institution. She discusses differ­       passes on useful hints like taking the time to learn names of the people in your work
ing cultural values and how they im­           team (including name of the VPs' and directors' secretaries).
pact the workplace, particularly in the           Many of the new staff members have taken the Admin Secretaries' offer of help to
Bank where one deals with over a hun­          heart and have, from time to time, called them back for more advice or information or
dred different cultures. She focuses on        just to thank them for the useful advice given during the Orientation.               •
the values different cultures place on
superior / subordinate relationships, sta­        The program is seeking the assistance of other interested Administrative Secretaries
tus, decision-making, to name a few.           throughout the Bank. If you would like to participate and are willing to share your knowledge
                                               and experience, please call Mary Brady on Ext. 30918.
"Culture is something you/we carry
with you everywhere-it is your frame
of reference," she says. "It is the values
on which your behaviors are predi­           of their jobs; in others, bosses expect it;          2 p.m. Reconvene after lunch for a
cated." She cautions that misunder­          and in others, the secretary may take of­          presentation and focus on the different
standings often occur not because of         fense at having to perform what is per­            "Information Sources" available to the
differences in language but because of
                                             ceived within the secretary's frame of             group-i.e., Bank publications, Tele­
"differences in frames of reference."
                                             reference as a "menial task." The poten­           phone Directory, All-in-I services, the
   One can see, from the vigorous nods
                                             tial for differing expectations at the             Joint Library on-line computer net­
and smiles around the room, that she
                                             Bank is obviously great.                           works and the Information Research
has clearly touched a sensitive chord
                                                "The message I try to get across to             Centers.
among the participants. Hands shoot
up as support staff begin to share some      them," says Mrs. Brady, "is weigh the
of their own experiences or to ask ques­     situation in cultural terms and don't                3:30 p.m. Lois Williams from the Staff
tions regarding a hypothetical situa­        make personal attributions and, then,              Association gives a short presentation
tion. The various experiences discussed      negotiate on the basis of cultural differ­         on "What the Staff Association Is,"
hinge on differences of expectations. A      ences."                                            what it can do for you and what you
familiar example brought up is the mat­         At the end of this discussion, the              can do to help it. A question-and-an­
ter of whether or not to serve one's su­     staff break into smaller groups to ex­             swer period follows.
pervisor coffee. This situation is ex­       plore further the different manifesta­               By S p.m., the day's activities are
plored for a few minutes in the context      tions and fine innuendos of culture and            over but staff linger awhile and chit
of cultural expectations. That is, in        how it can really affect the working life          chat a bit. Hauling piles of material
some cultures, secretaries see it as part    of so diverse a place as the Bank.                 gathered during the day, they slowly

                                                                                                                   THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991      5


                                                                                                                                               I't
Emi!ia Arriola, A~min ~ecretary in the Infrastructure Operations Division, Asia Country Department II, addresses a group of new support staff
dunng a recent onentahon.                                                                                                    Photo by Michele lannacci




start to leave. Some head home to fami­              Thursday and Friday-Intensive work­              work of the Bank as defined by the Proj­
lies while others, like the two Korean             shops on Office Technology given by                ectCycle.
women recruited directly from Korea,               several representatives from ITF and                  There are also secondary objectives
make for temporary living quarters.                Training.                                          for the program. These include provid­
                        """"""                                           """"""                       ing the new secretaries with network­
   Besides the usual one-day orienta­                 This new program came into exis­                ing; the one week tends to create a spe­
tion which included a short briefing on            tence in March 1990 as a direct fulfill­           cial bonding among each group that
the Bank, induction and distribution of            ment of one of the SSAG recommenda­                comes in. It can be a daunting experi­
some relevant materials, this five-day             tions. In his article in The Bank's World          ence to be dropped into this 6,500-per­
program elaborates on the recommen­                (November 1990), Stephen Eccles, Vice              son institution and not know anyone to
dations set down by the Support Staff              President and Controller, who headed               call, or go to lunch with. Second, it
Action Group (SSAG) and provides                   the SSASG (Support Staff Action Steer­             gives participants a sense of belong­
new staff with a more comprehensive                ing Group), wrote that one of the rec­             ing-if they are able to see and under­
orientation to the Bank.                           ommendations already attended to was               stand the mission of the Bank, their
                                                   "...a one-week program for all new sec­            work becomes more meaningful. And
    The week's agenda consists of:                 retaries to include intensive training in          third, it seeks to make them see the
                                                   standard word processing software                  Bank as a caring employer.
   Monday-Induction, paperwork and                 and administrative procedures as well                 In its first year, over 350 participants
a preliminary description of the Orien­            as an orientation to the Bank. .."                 have passed through the program, and
tation Program.                                       Having no predecessor, the program              an impact study done late last year re­
                                                   had to be created. Mrs. Brady dis­                 veals that the effects and usefulness of
    Tuesday-as described above.                    cussed needs and design with staff in              the program were "overwhelmingly
                                                   the Support Staff Recruitment Unit and             positive." Staff who have gone through
                                                   worked out the flow of training with               the training have been found to be
   Wednesday-follows the trend of
                                                   her colleagues in POPTR and other in­              eager and pleased with its effect on
Tuesday, covering such topics as: Tele­
                                                   volved units.                                      their first few weeks on the job. Super­
phone Skills and Manners, accompa­
nied by a video; a description of World               The main objectives of the program              visors have also commented on the
Bank forms and styles of correspon­                as it was subsequently designed were               "good understanding of the Bank's of­
dence by Joy LeBlanc-Alston (POPTR);               to provide newly hired staff with all of           fice standards and collegial approach"
Volker Rast and Bill Gillis (ITFfF) on             the Bank standards for technology, i.e.,           showed by the new staff member to be
the Telex, FAX and Cable Services;                 All-in-1, File Management in DOS,                  a "contrast to previous new staff who
David Reed (GSD) on Property and Per­              WordPerfect, Basic and Advanced                    did not attend this orientation."
sonal Security, followed by a presenta­            Workshops and knowledge of the stan­                  Since it clearly meets the needs iden­
tion on Computer and Information Se­               dard administrative procedures. They               tified in SSAG, Mrs. Brady says, "I see
curity by Betty Hill (ITFPS).                      are also briefed on the structure and              this as going on and on forever."         II


6   THE BANK'S WORLD / JUNE 1991
Tracking the Future of the
'Last Frontier'                                                        U      O
                                                                                                  MONGOLIA
                                                                                                                                 ;
                                                                                                                                ..
                                                                                                                                0'
by Peter Harrold
                                                           \~                                                             · \:a  ~
                                                                                                                                 lro
                                                                                                                        .
                                                                                                                         U~do
                                                                                                                                      dd"'o~ , ~




The yurt was, for centuries, the traditional abode of the Mongolians. This one was erected for tourists visiting the "last frontier."
                                                                                                                                       Photos by Albert Howlett




                                                   economy. So one day at the end of last                 Other clues greeted us at Beijing air­

W          e should have known it was
           going to be different. After
           all, this was one of the 'last
frontiers'; one of the last great un­
                                                   November, four of us-David Pearce
                                                   (Chief AS3CO), Mete Durdag (Senior
                                                   Economist AS3CO), Salman Salman
                                                                                                       port. This was a flight from China to
                                                                                                       Mongolia, but very few of those check­
                                                                                                       ing in looked either Mongolian or Chi­
knowns. The Mongolian People's Re­                 (LEG) and I-boarded an airplane from                nese. Most looked "western" -and car­
public, or Outer Mongolia, as it is more           Beijing to Ulan Bator, as we then called            ried an awful lot of luggage. One large
commonly known. The place where                    it, or more correctly Ulaanbaatar (the              group of Americans were hunters, off
many an American or British mother                 first word I have found with more                   to Mongolia to slaughter elks (we wit­
threatened to send their children if they          "a's" than aardvark). Salman, it should             nessed their 'trophies' on our return).
weren't good. The home of Genghis                  be recalled, comes from Sudan, where                The largest group was Polish traders,
Khan and the Mongol Hordes.                        the average temperature year-round is               taking advantage of the last month of
   Only now, Mongolia wanted to join               about 95°F. The average temperature in              fixed Comecon airfares to buy up half
the World Bank as one of its steps in              Mongolia is below freezing-and we                   of China's textile output for sale in War­
moving from a socialist to a market                were arriving in winter.                            saw-an inexpensive investment so far

                                                                                                                            THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991     7    ~..   '
                                                                                               and the outstanding debt was 10 billion
                                                                                               rubles, equivalent to about $8 billion at
                                                                                               book-entry exchange rates, while GNP
                                                                                               is estimated at a little over $1 billion.
                                                                                               (Debt renegotiations are under way, in
                                                                                               particular with regard to the valuation
                                                                                               of the debt in United States dollars,
                                                                                               which could reduce the debt dramati­
                                                                                               cally as a percentage of GNP.) Project
                                                                                               and commodity aid had been flowing
                                                                                               in at the rate of about $400 million a
                                                                                               year-or $200 per capita. Now this was
                                                                                               going to stop shortly and a rapid ad­
                                                                                               justment was going to be necessary. By
                                                                                               the time we returned in April, the twin
                                                                                               problems of adjustment to lower-in­
                                                                                               come levels and the transition from
                                                                                               plan to market were beginning to bite.
                                                                                               The economy showed every sign of
                                                                                               moving rapidly towards a crisis.
                                                                                                  Not that this seemed to daunt the
A yet-to-be-named restaurant provided sustenance.                                              Mongolians, who were thriving on
                                                                                               their new-found freedom. The Minister
                                                                                               of Education won a permanent place in
                                                                                               our hearts when asked his priorities.
                                                                                               He noted two: removal of ideology
as travel costs were concerned: the re­           Now they were turning their atten­           from educational materials, and reform­
turn airfare from Warsaw to Beijing is         tion to economic refonn and showed              ing vocational education to produce en­
$100! (These must have been the same           no signs of adopting the gradual ap­            gineers instead of "widget-makers."
people we had seen exchanging Polish           proach. They abolished the Planning                Private restaurants were beginning
vodka for silk shirts in Beijing markets.) Commission; all commercial operations               to appear in the city. Your gut feeling
   The next sure sign came during the          of the   State Bank   (soon   to be  renamed    told  you that although the short tenn
flight, via Mongolia International Air         Mongol     Bank)   were  being    sold so it    was   going   to be difficult, the sheer de­
Transport. The meal was inevitably sev­ could become a cen­                                    termination of the people in this
eral pieces of meat and a small bottle of      tral bank; most                                                        strange but starkly
vodka. Mongolia is not a place for vege­       prices   were   to be lib­                                             beautiful country
                                               eralized;   a parallel             ~We
                                                                                 are about to                         would   carry them
tarians to visit. Not only is the land ill­
                                               foreign   exchange                                                     through. But it will
suited to vegetable production, but the
                                               market was permit­
                                                                                 land in                              take time. After all,
harsh climate requires the heavy calo­
rie intake provided by meat, especially        ted,  to give   signals     Ulaanbaatar.. .. The                       this has been a closed
                                               for the true rate of                                                   society for many
fatty mutton. Just before touching                                         ground temperature
                                               exchange     at  which                                                 years, exposed only
down, the announcement was made:                                                                                      to other members of
"We are about to land in Ulaanbaatar.          to fix the Tugrug,
                                               the local currency;
                                                                                is          -20°C.'                   Comecon.
Please fasten your seat belts. The                                                                                       On our last day,
                                               and livestock herds
ground temperature is -20°C." Salman                                                                                  the hotel receptionist
                                               were being re­
immediately disappeared beneath huge                                                           asked us where we came from. We
                                               turned from collective to individual
layers of clothing.                                                                            made her guess. She looked at David,
                                               ownership. The Mongolians also had a
   During the next week, we began the                                                          who   sports a goatee beard. "Hungar­
business of introducing the Mongolians         very ambitious plan to privatize large
                                               parts of the state-owned industrial sec­        ian,"  she decided. Mete, from Turkey,
to World Bank ways, and explaining                                                             cannot   unkindly be labeled stocky.
the steps required for membership. For         tor.
                                                   It was clear from the start that Mon­       "Russian,"     she said. I have perhaps
70 years, Mongolia has had a socialist
                                               golia was in for a hard transition, per­        somewhat     Aryan     features. "He's East
system and, since the 1940s a strict cen­
                                                                                               German,"     she  said  of me. Finally, she
trally planned economy. Now, Mongoli­ haps the hardest of all, for the socialist
                                               countries. For years it has been heavily        turned   to Salman.     She looked a little
ans have rejected the communist sys­
tem and, during 1990, rapidly moved            dependent on the Soviet Union, which            puzzled.   Then    it dawned    on her: "And
to a multi-party political structure.          had   supplied    50,000  technicians   and     him,  he's  got  to be  Cuban!"              •
Eventually, in September, they formed          skilled   workers   out  of a  total non-agri­
a coalition government, with members           cultural workforce of about 450,000.            Editor's note: Peter Harrold is Senior Econ­
from all major parties.                        The U .5.5.R. had also poured in money,         omist at the Beijing Resident Mission.

8   THE BANK'S WORLD / JUNE 1991
The Bank-Fund Technology Collaboration

       a ds Across 19t Stree
by Clare Fleming


Collaborate: collaborare to labor together,   the possibility of sharing some main­      results are now noticeable to most
fro L. com=laborare to labor; to act or       frame technology," says Mr. Derricotte.    users, according to Michele Rigopoulos
work with another or others to a common       "At both the Bank and the IMF, as in       of the Fund's Product Application
end.                                          many organizations, the growth of per­     group for EIS (the largest IMF user ap­
                                              sonal computers/microprocessors over       plication on the IBM), in terms of
           hen Wayne Rayfield, Head of        the past few years has meant a signifi­    "things going faster, smoother, as well
           the World Bank's Computing         cant change in the ways mainframes         if not better," the change is substantial.
           Technology Center, raised his      are used." Mr. Rayfield elaborates. "In    And accomplishing it entailed an enor­
glass to toast the International Mone­        reviewing the situation, it became ap­     mous collaborative effort, involving the
tary Fund (IMF) staff, the applause was       parent that we had an opportunity to       technical staffs of both organizations as
loud, enthusiastic and genuine. And           produce some savings and benefits to­      well as Bank and IMF procurement offi­
when Bruce Derricotte, Assistant Direc­       gether."                                   cers, movers, vendor engineers and, of
tor of the IMF's Bureau of Computing                                                     course, users.
Services, countered with a raised glass       Savings and benefits
                                                                                            The UNISYS work set the tone for
to the Bank's staff, the applause re­            At the IMF, the decision to combine     success, with its move taking place dur­
sounded with equal enthusiasm.                its workloads with the Bank's was          ing what, for most of us, was a holiday
   This happy occasion in the H Build­        based on a business case study that        weekend in October 1990. Preparation
ing on April 30 elicited a welcome sigh       supported the indicated savings and        for the weekend was long, and not
of relief shared by the Bank and the          benefits. In operation, both UNISYS        easy. A team consisting of technical peo­
Fund for the first time since they began      and IBM workloads were decreasing.         ple from both organizations, UNISYS
discussing the possibility of combining       At the Bank, UNISYS had leveled off,       Corporation and users met two to three
their mainframe computing workloads           while IBM continues to grow by over        times a week for several months, and
in 1989. The collaborative group was          30 percent a year. The two organiza­       developed a critical path chart listing
able to relax and reflect on the inten­       tions concluded that collaboration was     over 300 activities for the weekend
sive process.                                 cost-effective and could meet the chang­   moves.
   "The key thing was cooperation,"           ing needs of both groups' computer en­
says Ben Boyle, the Bank's Project Man­       vironments. In addition, Jack Fulmer. .    Successful move
ager for that part of the computing           tells us, "manpower and maintenance
workload that runs on IBM technology.         budgets would be reduced, software            "Two different operating systems
"The project's success is due to high­        would be shared, disaster recovery, op­    had to be brought to the same level,"
level cooperation among all different         erating and system support program         says Tommy Heintschel, the UNISYS
parts of the Bank and the Fund work­          contracts would be combined."              project leader for the Bank. ''Two secu­
ing together toward a common goal."              So, in September 1990, the two          rity systems had to be blended, and
Jack Fulmer, Manager of the Fund's            groups combined the UNISYS opera­          every piece of data had to be tested.
Computer Center, who managed this             tions into the Bank's UNISYS system in     The team built an operating environ­
activity for the Fund, agrees. ''The pro­     the H Building. And, following this suc­   ment on the Bank's A17 to support the
cess was exceptionally smooth in spite        cessful activity, the IBM system was       combined workloads of the two organi­
of the tremendous work and numbers            moved in April, 1991.                      zations, and upgraded the telecommu­
of people involved. Everyone stepped             The results already speak for them­     nications environment which included
up to the challenge very well."               selves. At the Fund, the IBM and UNI­      about 300 connections. Four storage
                                              SYS equipment was moved out of the         cabinets of disk drives were moved to
Two-year effort                               computer center, making room for ex­       store the Fund's data." The move was
   What exactly was involved in this          pansion of communications equipment        successful enough that, says Frank
two-year effort to combine the Bank's         and minicomputers now scattered            Maranto, the Fund's Systems Produc­
and Fund's IBM and UNISYS main­               throughout the Fund building, while in     tion Division Chief, "within a few
frame operations? ''The effort came           the Bank, the IBM and UNISYS sys­          months of that weekend, after tweak­
about after many months of discussion         tems have been reconfigured to sup­        ing response time and correcting some
between the two organizations about           port the IMP's systems. AIthough the       performance problems, users were re-

                                                                                                         THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991   9
Toasting a success, (from left to right) Ben Boyle, Dee Buck, Wayne Rayfield of the Bank with Ed Gurski of the Fund.      Photo by Michele lannacci.




porting strong satisfaction with the                Additional weekend excitement                 Bank users also benefit because of bet­
combined operation."                             came unexpectedly when it was discov­            ter coverage, and the possibility now
   Combining the IBM workloads came              ered, hours before the move began, that          exists for continuous human interven­
later, after the UNISYS work was com­            coincidentally the IMF phones would              tion with the increased service. In addi­
plete. Because of the nature of the              be turned off for the entire time, the pre­      tion, "opportunity exists now more
Bank's hardware, this was a very differ­         ferred loading dock was unavailable,             than ever before for data sharing be­
ent initiative. "Using a hardware fea­           and the International Square office              tween the two organizations," says Mr.
ture called PRISM (Processor Resource            building, where much of the testing              Fulmer. "We can now configure the
System Manager, commonly known as                was to take place, would have no                 disk devices to share, and once security
'Prism')," says Ed Gurski, the IMF Proj­         power at all. The troops rose to the oc­         and data ownership issues are re­
ect Administrator, "the Bank was able            casion, however, and managed to work             solved, there are many possibilities for
to partition its IBM mainframe so that           around these obstacles. The success of           the future." Bruce Derricote and Wayne
the machine essentially operates as two          the event is in the telling: there was           Rayfield agree. ''There may be other
machines, with the IMF data and pro­             never any downtime after the week­               areas," says Mr. Derricote, "we will
cessing kept separate from the Bank's."          end, users of the IBM have had virtu­
                                                                                                  look to for sharing. There are other plat­
The IMF had to negotiate with 15 soft­           ally no complaints, and there has been
                                                                                                  forms, which we will continue to move
ware vendors to upgrade, convert or in           no need for an adjustment period. By
                                                                                                  toward, and the success of this project
a few cases discontinue their software           Monday, April 8, the system was work­
products. Nearly 80 individual soft­             ing.                                             speaks well for further collaboration."
ware products were moved. The opera­                "There is precedence for this kind of         Two-fold success
tion was initiated from the IMF on               change," Michael Handelman, man­
Thursday, April 4, and was up and run­           ager of data communications at the                  The success of the project is notably
ning at the Bank by Monday morning,              Fund, tells us. Called outsourcing, the          two-fold. The now-functioning collabo­
April 8.                                         trend is growing among organizations             rative operations are economically
                                                 which choose to link their systems for           sound and advantageous to users. Un­
Three shifts each day                            the mutual benefit of both companies.            derlying the technical achievement,
  Tha t weekend, like the UNISYS                 The PRISM softwa~e makes this trend              there is also the human story, of collabo­
weekend, was anything but slow for               manageable, and the possibility of               ration among a broad span of people,
the 50 to 60 people involved in the              maintaining economies of scale in the            some of whom even good-naturedly
move. The process began on Thursday              ever-changing technology environment             worked themselves out of a job, and of
morning, went through three shifts               is enticing.                                     spontaneous teamwork in the spirit of
each day, and ended on Saturday eve­                So what does this surprisingly suc­           cooperation. This successful combina­
ning. "It was something like a circus,"          cessful activity tell us about trends here       tion of technological and human re­
recalls Ben Boyle. "We took the tents            at the Bank? Even though the IMF's               sources, carried out on the 19th Street
down on one side of the street and put           work now represents about 15 percent             proving ground, augurs well for the fu­
them up on the other side."                      of the Bank's current IBM workload,              tu~                                     •

10   THE BANK'S WORLD / JUNE 1991
A Long-Term Vision of
African Development
                                                                                              Edward V.K. Jaycox



Last April, Edward V.K. Jaycox, Vice President, Africa Region,         I would like, however, to make one thing absolutely
addressed the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs in        clear: a country's entry into economic reform or structural
Lagos. Here are excerpts from his speech:                           adjustment does not bring about a miraculous recovery
                                                                    overnight-and nobody ever said it would. The process of
                                                                    recovery is long and painfuL
                                                                       No one is more disappointed than I am that progress has
N      igeria is always an exciting place to be-and never 

       more so than right now. 

    I sense a country very much on the move. There is a gov­

                                                                    not been faster. But I am not discouraged. Something is hap­
                                                                    pening in Africa-and it gives reason for hope.
ernment committed to economic and political reform. And 
              The industrial countries have clearly recognized this.
the spirit of the Nigerian people-despite all the economic 
        Through efforts such as the Special Program of Assistance
problems-remains an irrepressible and inspirational force. 
        (SPA) for low-income Africa, unprecedented levels of finan­
It is hard to visit Nigeria and not come away feeling posi­
        cial aid have been going to Sub-Saharan Africa in recent
tive about the future of Africa. 
                                  years.
    Yet, looking at the array of difficulties that face Africa 

today, and particularly Sub-Saharan Africa, it is not always 

easy to be positive. As you know, the World Bank's primary 

concern is social and economic development and, from a de­ 

                                                                    T    he World Bank, in its long-term perspective study on
                                                                         Sub-Saharan Africa published more than a year ago,
                                                                    suggested a strategic agenda around which there appears
velopment standpoint, Sub-Saharan Africa today is unques­ 
         to be a working consensus. It consists of the following:
tionablya region in crisis. The problems are everywhere. 
             • Continuing economic reform programs and policies
    And yet, I repeat, I am positive about the future of Africa 
   that stimulate growth and encourage people and compa­
and I say this without taking a romantic view of the view 
         nies to be productive and efficient;
real life and death struggle that so many Africans face day 
           • Focusing especially on the building of human and in­
in and day out. Why am I hopeful? 
                                 stitutional capacities;
    First, because I believe that we must maintain the ability 

                                                                       • Creating an enabling environment in which private en­
to lift our eyes from the current crisis and take a long-term 

                                                                    trepreneurs and grassroots organizations can flourish;
view. 

                                                                       • Promoting and investing in the potential of African
   Second, I am hopeful because of the "quiet revolution" 

                                                                    women;
that has taken place in Sub-Saharan Africa in recent years. 

Today, about 30 Sub-Saharan countries-including Nige­
                 • Doubling the growth rate of agricultural production;
ria-have adopted economic reform programs. 
                           • Reducing the population growth rate from the current
    These economic reform programs are extremely difficult 
        unsustainably high levels by reducing the fertility rate by
to implement and they involve profound economic, social 
           half by the year 2010;
and political changes. Vested interests are threatened as 
            • Taking urgent action to address the degradation of the
government expenditures are rationalized and targeted on 
          environment and Africa's natural resource base;
the rural poor, as overvalued exchange rates are brought 
             • Improving substantially regional cooperation so that
into line, as parastatals are slimmed down and made effi­
          benefits can be maximized for all Sub-Saharan countries;
cient, and as incentives are built into the produce sectors­ 
         • and increasing aid flows at a real rate of 4 percent a
particularly agriculture. These changes have really only just 
     year and containing the region's debt-service payments.
begun, but the impact of these reform programs in many 
               External agencies, like the Bank, can help to finance and
countries is already encouraging in terms of increasing eco­
       support the achievement of these long-term objectives. The
nomic growth rates, food production and exports, and de­
           principal responsibility, however, belongs to Africa and to
creasing inflation and budget deficits. 
                           Africans.

                                                                                                       THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991   11
                                                                                  -
                          ·



       It will not be achieved, I submit, unless there is a substan­   good governance-by insisting upon accountability, trans­
    tial improvement in the political environment governing            parency and so on from their clients. At the same time, ex­
I   development in many African countries. This is, of course,         ternal actors need to pay rigorous attention to their oiwn
    an extremely delicate and controversial area.                      operations to ensure they also are fully accountable and
       It seems to me that governance might be usefully defined        transparent. Good governance is a two-way street.
    as the use of political authority and exercise of control over        From the World Bank's analysis, the dearth of local capac­
    a society, and the management of its resources for social          ities in Africa has been one of the primary reasons for the
    and economic development-in short, the efficiency and ef­          economic breakdown over the last 10 to 15 years. The indig­
    fectiveness of a government in promoting the well-being of         enous skills and institutions, the capacities, are not there on
    its people.                                                        the ground. This goes a long way to explain the lack of
       I see the following as some of the critical linkages be­        good governance in Africa, the lack of economic compe­
    tween governance and economic development: the eco­                tence, and-the bottom line-the lack of social, economic
    nomic competence of government to respond to the ex­               and institutional development.
    pressed needs of its people; the instruments of government            Based on this analysis, the World Bank has been working
    needed to promote development-institutions, policies and
                                                                       with the African Development Bank and the United Na­
    personnel; the vision and development objectives of govern­
                                                                       tions Development Programme over the last few years on
    ment-and how these compare with actual performance;
                                                                       something we call the African Capacity Building Initiative.
    and the effects on government of external actors and fac­
    tors-level of aid flows, debt, recession and so on. These          The result of our effort is the establishment of the African
    are the kinds of linkages which the World Bank believes it         Capacity Building foundation.
    and other donors can comment and act upon without in­
    fringing on a country's sovereignty or political prerogative.
       But what criteria should we use to evaluate the economic
    competence, the instruments and the development vision
                                                                       T   he African Capacity Building Foundation will focus ini­
                                                                           tially on public policy analysis and development man­
                                                                       agement skills by strengthening national and regional insti­
    of government? I would argue that the major criterion must         tutions; enhancing government and private sector
    be performance-i.e. is economic development being                  capabilities; and supporting graduate and in-service train­
    achieved? Are people's lives being improved? If this is not        ing. The ultimate objective is to help Africa develop the
    happening-as indeed it is not in many parts of Africa­             kinds of high-quality skills and institutions it needs to re­
    then something is wrong.                                           spond to and manage economic change-the essential ca­
                                                                       pacities that I referred to earlier. This capacity building pro­
       o help identify what is wrong, and as a means to help
    T  rectify the situation, the Bank has suggested several ele­
    ments crucial to the effectiveness of a government in achiev­
                                                                       gram is the result of an extensive consultation process
                                                                       between donors and Africans. It will be managed by a new
                                                                       and entirely independent Foundation. It will be based in
    ing social and economic development:                               Harare, Zimbabwe and its funding of nearly $100 million
       • Accountability: of government officials and the civil ser­    has been pledged by a variety of donors as well as by many
    vice for public funds.                                             participating African governments.
       • Transparency: in procedures, investment decisions, con­          Let me just add one note of caution: we must not expect
    tracts and appointments.                                           overnight success. Nevertheless, I think it can accomplish a
       • Predictability: government and public institutions            great deal in terms of helping to build a key to Africa's well­
    should not be capricious in their policies, actions and be­        being and growth in the future-a critical mass of African
    havior.                                                            professionals and institutions with expertise in policy anal­
       • Openness: there should be a reliable flow of the infor­       ysis and development management.
    mation necessary for economic activity and development to
                                                                          The establishment and broad endorsement of this capac­
    take place.
                                                                       ity-building initiative is yet another reason why I am hope­
       • Rule of law and sanctity of contracts: governments and
                                                                       ful about Africa's long-term future. So is the fact that a
    institutions should be subject to rules and regulations un­
    derstood by everyone in society.                                   growing number of African countries--supported by the
       Let me be frank: the political uncertainty and arbitrari­       World Bank and other donors-are working on their own
    ness evident in so many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa are            20- or 25-year development perspective studies. This long­
    major constraints on the region's economic development.            term outlook, with regular monitoring of progress toward
    People will not participate if they feel they are facing a ca­     objectives, is crucial.
    pricious or hostile political environment. Furthermore, un­           We must not surrender to Afro-pessimism"-and more
                                                                                                     /I
                                                                                                                                          "

    less the political environment is conducive, economic re­          than that, we must take every opportunity to combat it.
    forms can only go so far.                                          We-meaning Africans, donors and everyone concerned
       I am increasingly concerned that if Africa cannot demon­        about Africa-have managed in recent years to turn a vi­
    strate good governance, and significant measure of sus­            cious circle of declining economic performance in Africa
    tained development progress, the window of external sup­           and declining support for Africa, into a virtuous one of im­
    port for Africa may close.                                         proving performance and increasing support. If we can
       This raises the question of what the role of external ac­       maintain this momentum and harness it to the spirit of the
    tors should be in promoting good governance. I believe ex­         African people, then I am convinced that Africa's progress
    ternal actors can help create an enabling environment for          over the long-term is not just possible-it is inevitable. •

    12   THE BANK'S WORLD/ JUNE 1991
'The Forest Lives and
Breathes'

The
Rainfores
Guests
by Shelton H. Davis


We have lived in this place for a long time,
a very long time, since the time when the
world did not yet have this shape. We
learned with the ancients that we are a tiny
part of this immense universe, fellow travel­
ers with all the animals, the plants and the
water. We are all a part of the whole, we
cannot neglect or destroy our home. And
now we want to talk to those who cannot
yet manage to see the world in this way, to     From left to right, Ailton Krenak, Coordinator of the Union of Indian Nations, Pedro Ramos de
say to them that together we have to take       Souza, Vice President of the National Council of Rubber Tappers, and Davi Kopenawa
care of the boat in which we are all sailing.   Yanomami, meeting the media.                                                Photo by Michele lannacci

-Ailton Krenak, Coordinator of the
Union of Indigenous Nations of Brazil           across his cheek bones, a natural dye               such efforts will only succeed to the de­
(UNI)                                           used for body painting by Brazilian In­             gree that they are based upon the expe­
                                                dians on ceremonial occasions.                      rience of the traditional or local forest
                                                   Ailton Krenak, the President of the              dwellers and take their views into ac­

W          hen they entered the confer­
           ence room on the 11 th floor of
           the N building on a magnifi­
cent spring day in mid-April, there was
                                                Alliance and founder of UNI, opened
                                                the meeting by telling the audience that
                                                he and his "kinsmen" had made the
                                                                                                    count.
                                                                                                       As a minimal program, the Alliance
                                                                                                    is calling for the expulsion of all gar­
something mysterious and exotic about           long journey from Brazil to the United              impeiros (goldminers, of which there
the event. On both sides of the mahog­          States to inform conservation groups                are tens of thousands in the Brazilian
any conference table and standing to            and development agencies about their                Amazon alone) from indigenous re­
the back against the wall were 50 well­         views and experiences concerning trop­              serves, the demarcation of the territory
dressed and expectant Bank staff. To            ical forest management and develop­                 of the estimated 10,OOO-member
the front, in old sweaters or T-shirts          ment. He said that current models for               Yanomami tribe, and the regularization
(some of which read "Save the Rainfor­          the occupation of the Amazon depleted               and protection of all indigenous and ex­
est" in Portuguese), were eight mem­            the natural resource base, dislocated in­           tractive reserves. The Alliance has also
bers of the"Alliance of Forest People of        digenous and extractivist (rubber col­              designed a regional natural resource
Brazil."                                        lectors, nut gatherers, etc.) populations,          management research program which
   The "rainforest guests," as they were        introduced new diseases and social ten­             draws upon the combined experience
called in the World Development Re­             sions and led to the burning and defor­             of indigenous and extractivist commu­
port (WDR92) announcement of the                estation of vast areas of the forest. Alter­        nities and has the support of Brazil's
event, included six indigenous mem­             natives to such destruction, he argued,             Environment Secretary and Agricul­
bers of the Union of Indigenous Na­             could only be discovered and designed               tural Extension Service.
tions of Brazil (a national coordinating        in collaboration and with the active par­              Pedro Ramos de Souza, the Vice Pres­
body for the country's more than 120            ticipation of people in the forest.                 ident of the National Council of Rubber
Indian tribes) and two representatives             Ailton challenged the current inter­             Tappers (CNS), supported Ailton
of the National Council of Rubber Tap­          national efforts to protect or "save" the           Krenak's contentions. The Council,
pers. One of the guests, Davi                   rainforest, including the G-7's (the                which was founded by the martyred
Kopenawa Yanomami, a spokesman                  seven leading industrial nations) initia­           peasant leader and rainforest advocate
for the threatened Yanomami tribe of            tive to provide funds to Brazil for tropi­          Chico Mendez in the State of Acre in
northern Brazil, had urucu markings             cal forest management, by claiming                  1985, has since come to represent the in­
                                                                                                                                                         .,.. ,
                                                                                                                     THE BANK'S WORLD / JUNE 1991   13
terests of nearly a million rubber tap­
pers, Brazil nut gatherers and collectors
of other forest products. The major in­
novation of the Council has been the
defense of the concept of "extractive re­
serves," a form of common property
management recognized by the Brazil
government which provides local com­
munities and organizations with the
rights to extract and commercialize
non-timber forest products.
   Despite the technical and marketing
problems associated with the sale of for­
est goods, Mr. Rar lOS noted, the "ex­
tractive reserve" concept provides one
alternative model for the sustainable
development of the Amazon. "We are
living at a moment when our people
are rethinking the entire model of ex­
tractivism," said Antonio Macedo of
the Extractive Reserve of Jura in the
State of Acre.
                                            These photos of the Yanomami Indians of Brazil were taken circa
                                            1975 by Father Joao Saffirio, a Brazilian missionary.




14   THE BANK'S WORLD / JUNE 1991
   The discussion which followed the        about the management and develop­           only humans who have the power to
brief presentations by the Alliance         ment of tropical forest ecosystems          communicate with the xawara, and al­
spokesmen was quite animated and            among rainforest people, national gov­      though many of the shaman are now
continued during an informallun­            ernments and development agencies           dying, they know that disease protec­
cheon meeting hosted by Andrew              such as the Bank.                           tion depends upon the understanding
Steer, Staff Director of WDR92, and the                                                 and control of both the physical and
World Development Report staff. One per­    Tribe's own view                            spiritual worlds. The pajes, Yanomami
ceptive staffer asked the rainforest                                                    explained, know how "to read" the for­
                                               Just how fruitful such a dialogue
guests to comment on their "vision of                                                   est, and recognize that the current
                                            could be was reflected, for example, in
the good life" and their hope for the fu­                                               wave of disease is caused by the
                                            a meeting which followed the WDR92
ture' while another asked whether the                                                   forest's destruction and pollution. "The
                                            lunch. The meeting was sponsored by
Amazonian Indians had any advice for                                                    forest speaks and breathes," he said,
                                            the Brazil Population and Human Re­
and contacts with forest dwellers in                                                    "but only the pajes are able to hear it.
                                            sources Division and included Davi
other places, such as the forest people                                                 This land is like a person to us and, if
                                            Kopenawa Yanomami. The gathering
of Zaire and other countries in Africa.                                                 we trouble or try to destroy it, it will re­
                                            was to exchange information on the _
    As is well known, the Bank has been     Bank-financed Amazon Malaria Con­           spond."
involved for more than a decade in          trol Project which includes a health and       Societies and cultures such as those
project financing (the Polonoroeste and     disease control component for indige­       of the Brazilian Indians, while different
Carajas Iron Ore Mining projects) and       nous groups. The Yanomami health            from our own, possess great store­
in policy research and analysis on the      project, designed by the Brazilian          houses of ancient wisdom, especially in
Brazilian Amazon (the now classic pa­       Health Ministry and Indian Founda­          such vital areas as mankind's relation­
pers by Dennis Mahar (AF2PH) and            tion in collaboration with local non­       ship to nature. Perhaps, by opening a
Hans Binswanger (LA2AG) on the              governmental organizations, will be         dialogue with these indigenous people,
scope and causes of deforestation).         the first indigenous health effort fi­      we can together contribute to the sav­
There has also been periodic mission        nanced under the project.                   ing of the rainforest while at the same
work by Bank anthropologists and ecol­                                                  time learn how to live more sustaina­
                                               Davi took advantage of this event to     bly on this earth.                        •
ogists, such as Maritta Koch-Weser,         tell Bank staff about his tribe's own
Daniel Gross and Robert Goodland,           view of its health problems and the ur­
but this opportunity provided a much        gent situation it faces caused by the in­
wider framework for dialogue between        troduction of new and lethal diseases       Editor's note: Shelton H. Davis, Senior So­
Bank staff and indigenous inhabitants       carried in by invading goldminers. He       ciologist in the Latin America and Carib­
of the rainforest.                          explained that the term for disease in      bean Region's Environment Division
   In fact, the April encounter in Wash­    Yanomami is xawara and that the             (LATEN), is the author of Victims of the
ington was so interesting and poten­        Yanomami believe one only sees the          Miracle: Development and the Indians
tially productive that one could envi­      sick person but not the disease.            of Brazil (Cambridge University Press,
sion launching a "decade of dialogue"       Yanomami pajes, or shaman, are the          1977).

                                                                                                        THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991   15
·.   Come With Me On 


     AnOno 
 astic Odyssey



     by Elizabeth M. Hayes


          t's said that if Dublin ever got de­  phone services, but she lost that name     O'Casey's play, Juno and the Paycock,
          molished, an exact replica of the     on her recent marriage and picked up       also find their name counterparts in
          city could be constructed by tracing  another famous one, Johnson (Dr. Sam­      Carol Finnegan, Joint Library, and Her­
     the footsteps of Leopold Bloom and         uel Johnson, literary critic supreme).     man Daly, Bank.
     other characters in Joyce's famous Ulys­   The poet Emily Dickinson, the Belle of        The Bank, with its much larger staff,
     ses. The book takes us around Dublin       Amherst, has a representative in Na­       has more representation than the Fund
     on a day in June 1904, now known in        thaniel in the Bank, while poet Robert     but they both share one of the best­
     the literary world as Bloomsday.           Frost has Helen Frost, also in the Bank.   known literary names-Joyce. The
        At the World Bank and IMF, we              The two Wolfes, Thomas (You Can't       Fund has Peter L. Joyce in the Bureau of
     could construct another version of Ulys­   Go Home Again) and Tom (pop-mod es­        Statistics, while the Bank has John H.
     ses, or other books, by weaving an opus says; The Bonfire of the Vanities), have      Joyce. Stephen D. Eccles in the Bank has
     around the staff members who bear the      Roslyn at the Bank, and Andrew and         two interesting claims to a literary link­
     same names as writers and characters       Lindsay at the Fund. Toni Morrison,        up. Stephen Dedalus is the main charac­
     in literature. If we don't wish to em­     novelist (Tar Baby) is represented by      ter in Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a
     bark on such a wordy undertaking,          Lorel and Matthew in the Bank, and by      Young Man, but Stephen D is the name
     however, we can at least indulge in a      Stuart and Thomas at the Fund. The         of a play about Joyce and his hero.
     fonn of onomastics and look at the du­     name of Langston Hughes, novelist,         Then, the hero of Ulysses is Leopold
     plicity of names available to us.          poet, dramatist, translator, has match­    Bloom who lived at 7 Eccles Street, Dub­
        Whether the names be Shaw or Schil­     ups in Linda, Neil, Phyllismarie and Sus­  lin, a now famous address even though
     ler, Yeats or Milton, Cervantes, Kafka     ana in the Bank, and with Barbara and      the building is derelict, if not demol­
     or Conrad, our two organizations can       Terry at the Fund. However, Richard        ished.
     match them up. It shouldn't come as a      Wright (Native Son) shares his name            Perhaps more famous and more pro­
     surprise, then, that playing around        wi th nine in the Bank, and four at the    lific than Joyce, and of a different
     with some of these names, as if they       Fund.                                      genre, is William Butler Yeats, poet,
     were tiles on a scrabble board, would                                                 prose writer, playwright, state senator
     result in an interesting discovery-our     No obscure monikers                        and one of three Irish Nobel Prize win­
     staff members bear the same names of          Ireland, the small country with the     ners for literature. His namesake at the
     many writers from many countries, as       large literary output, supplies us with    Bank is Alexander J. Yeats, author of
     befits our international milieu.           many names of authors and characters       many books and articles on matters of
        From the United States' catalog of lit­ with which to play. While we don't         economics. Two contemporary expo­
     erary types, we begin with Ralph           find a Synge, a Heaney or a Beckett        nents of the Irish short story are Mary
     Waldo Emerson, philosopher, poet, lec­     (yet) on the staff roster, there's no need Lavin and Edna O'Brien. The Fund has
     turer, essayist, matched up with Patricia  to resort to some obscure monikers         June Lavin and Cheryl O'Brien, while the
     Emerson in the European Department         known only to Godot. Right off the bat,    Bank has Stephen F. O'Brien. There's no
     of the Fund, while Arthur Miller, play­    writers no less than James Joyce, Wil­     Shaw at the Fund for George Bernard,
     wright, and Henry Miller, novelist,        liam Butler Yeats, George Bernard          but the Bank can boast five Shaws,
     have no less than 11 namesakes in the      Shaw, Mary Lavin and Edna O'Brien          Christopher, Cora, Katie, William and
     Bank, and three in the Fund.               are represented in our staff lists. That   Lira. A role made famous by the late
        We had a namesake for Ernest Hem­       elusive, baffling character, Finnegan      Abbey actress Siobhan McKenna is the
     ingway, 1954 Nobel Prize winner, in        from Joyce's equally baffling Finnegan's   raucous character in Sean O'Casey's
     Yvonne Hemingway of the Bank's tele­       Wake, and Joxer Daly from Sean             play, The Plough and the Stars, Bessie

     16   THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991
Burgess, a contrast to Denise in the        David in the Bank and Ernest-Albrecht at and novelist is Ved Parkash Mehta
Bank.                                       the IMF. Two Kafkas (Barbara in the        whose last name is shared by three
   Britain recently lost two famous writ­   Bank and Alexandre at the Fund) can be     staff members in the Bank, Atul, Rohit,
ers in the deaths of Agatha Christie and    linked with Czechoslovakia's Franz         and Darayes Bahadur. To represent the
Graham Greene. We have two Greenes          Kafka of Prague, while Canada's Mar­       Japanese author, Kawabata, we find Kei
in the Bank, David and James, together      garet Atwood, poet, novelist, critic, has  Kawabata, on a leave of absence from
with two more at the Fund, while            Charles in the Bank.                       the Bank. Jairo Vargas at the Fund and
there's lain Christie in the Bank. Think­                                              Elizabeth Vargas in the Bank bear the
ing along the same "mystery/who­            French poet                                name of Mario Vargas LIosa (Aunt Julia
dunit" lines, we find Sherlock has a           Monique Racine at the Fund is the       and the Scriptwriter) from Peru.
namesake in Christopher Holmes in the       namesake of Jean Racine, 17th century         Finally, some writers of children's
Bank, as also has the detective's old       French dramatist (Phedre, etc.). The       books are as famous as writers for
haunt, Baker Street in London, in Judy      Bank's staff list has two matches for      adults and they have their "twins"
Baker and Virginia Baker of the Bank. To    Voltaire (once imprisoned in the infa­     along this odyssey of literary names
round off this category, the Bank direc­    mous Bastille), Claire and Karl, while it  and duplicates. Lewis Carroll matches
tory lists James Doyle and Michael Doyle,   shows only one, Marthe in the Bank, for    up with Alan and Julie Ann Carroll in
reminding us of Arthur Conan Doyle,         Dumas (The Count of Monte Cristo). Jean­   the Bank. For Beatrix Potter (Peter Rab­
Holmes' creator. What's more, Dr. Wat­      Pierre Baudelaire with the Bank in New     bit stories and many others), there's
son ("Elementary, my dear Watson")          Delhi bears the name of the French         Frank, also in the Bank. Lots of Peters
has cohorts in Edna, Magdalene and          poet, Charles Baudelaire, who, among       are to be found but no Rabbits, while
Peter (Bank) and in Barbara and Max­        other attributes, introduced Edgar         Grimm (Hansel and Gretel) has coun­
well (Fund).                                Allen Poe to Europe.                       terparts in Rosetta Grimm and Mireille
    In the case of Thomas Hardy, the            Among Australia's roster of writers    Hansel, both in the Bank. An obvious in­
novelist of Wessex (now called Dorset),     are poet Henry Lawson, with name­          clusion in the listing would be the
we find two matches at the Fund, Dan­       sakes Anne Lawson and Bonnie in the        writer of Wind in the Willows, and we
iel and Martin. John Milton can claim       Bank, and Andrew Barton (Banjo)            believed we had his counterparts
two in the Bank, Sivalingam, and            Paterson, author of 'Waltzing Ma­          among the staff, but discovered his un­
Thomas in Zimbabwe, also Seetha at the      tilda," may be matched with William        usual way of spelling Grahame, with
Fund.                                                                                                an "e" (Kenneth). However,
     To match up two Scott­                                                                          to suit Gloria, Jennifer and

Louis Stevenson and Sir
                         Whether the names be Shaw or
ish literary heavies, Robert                                                                         Maureen Graham in the
                                                                                                     Bank and George at the
                       Schiller, Yeats or Milton, Cervantes,
Walter Scott, as well as Ca­                                                                         Fund, there's Ada Graham
nadian author, Duncan                                                                                who has written books
Campbell Scott, we have     Kafka or Conrad, our two                                                 about bears, falcons and
                        organizations can match them up.
Gail and John Stevenson in
the Bank and Douglas Ste­

                                                                                                     fish. A. A. Milne (House at
                                                                                                     Pooh Corner and Christo­
venson at the Fund. On the 
                                                                         pher Robin tales) can claim
Scott side, there are Kath­                                                                          namesakes in Mary Teresa
ryn, Margaret and Douglas 
                                                                          (Bank) and Elizabeth
at the Fund, plus a litany 
                                                                         (Fund).
                                            Paterson in the Bank. Spain's Cervantes
in the Bank-Hugh, David, Brenda, 
                                                        We needn't wonder at this playful
                                            has a representative in Marta in the
Elvira, Ian, Lynn, Monica and Vivi. 
                                                  scrutiny of the names of staff members
                                            Bank. Turkish poet, BuIent Ecevit, who
Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (Under Milk 
                                                  of our two organizations. For centuries,
Wood) has no less than 11 name counter­
    had  a poem in the the Bank's now de­      personal names, surnames, and place
parts in the Bank. 
                        funct literary magazine, World Words,      names have fascinated people, includ­
    Cecily Isabel Fairchild, novelist, took has a fellow countryman and name­          ing Cicero and Chaucer, while Kafka
the better known pen name of Rebecca        sake in the Bank, Zafer Ecevit, while      played elaborate linguistic games with
West from an important character in         Leyla Ecevit is at the Fund. Angus Wil­    names in most of his works. Today,
Ibsen's play, Rosmersholm. Rebecca and      son of South Africa, "our nearest mod­     books and journals are written about
the Australian writer, Morris West (The     em equivalent to Thackeray," has a lit­    names, and societies have been formed
Devil's Disciple), have namesakes in Bar­   any  of Wilsons   in the Bank (13 of them) for the study of their etymology and
bara, Denise and George West in the         and there are three at the Fund.           meaning. Even Edgar Allen Poe had
Bank.                                          Among the New Zealand literati are      something to say on the subject:
    Mexico has a recent Nobel Prizewin­     Dr. Peter Buck, anthropologist and au­        "It is with literature as with law
ner in the person of Octavio Paz, and       thor who frequently writes about the       or empire-an established name is
the poet has a namesake in the Bank,        Maori people, and William Pember           an estate in tenure, or a throne in
Adriana Paz. For Germany's famous
writer, Schiller, we have a Karl in the
                                            Reeves, poet, economist and statesman.
                                            The Bank has two staff members,
                                                                                       possession."
                                                                                                      •
Bank and a Christian at the Fund, while     Frankline Buck and William Buck, and a     Editor's note: Elizabeth M. Hayes is a Staff
Poland's Joseph Conrad can claim            Mary Ann Reeves. An Indian .m emoirist     Assistant in the Legal Department.

                                                                       THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991   17
                              Somet eng Like a Union?
                              by Chris Parel

"Accomplishment of purpose is better than making a profit." -African Proverb (Hausa)
   • The Staff Association is no differ­       prove SA \management relations. After       sion can be very effective because the
ent than a union.                              considerable debate, the SA agreed to       Bank prides itself in being a technical
   • If the Staff Association can't pro­       the meetings with the proviso that the      institution and doing what is right.
tect staff, then we should form a union!       expert's paper would be shared with         Hence it is peculiarly sensitive and vul­
                                               the SA. The expert met with the SA,         nerable to charges of technically (or eth­
                                               made his report and disappeared.            ically) unsound work. The SA is also a

U   t is surprising just how often the SA
    is charged with behaving like a
    union. Yet when disgruntled staff
see that the SA cannot stop a reorgani­
                                                  The SA, however, was denied the re­
                                               port. Fearing the worst, we insisted
                                               and finally, through the intervention of
                                               the President's office, we were able to
                                                                                           part of this culture and has developed
                                                                                           considerable technical capability to ana­
                                                                                           lyze issues. Behind the SA's products
                                                                                           stand 30 working groups embracing
zation or correct a below-market pay
                                               obtain an abridged copy. To say that it     hundreds of staff and several hundred
decision, it is also seen as powerless
                                               was filled with half-truths and misrep­     thousand dollars in staff contributions
and impotent. And invariably, the ques­
                                               resentation would be putting the mat­       that can be used to retain the best out­
tion of unionization is raised.
                                               ter mildly. The expert accused the SA of    side consultant and legal counsel.
   Strong unions are part of the socio­
economic landscape of many of our              acting just like a union. And the impli­
                                               cation was that management should           Competent critiques
shareholders. Staff often harbor strong
views on the subject of unions and             deal with the SA as if it were a union.        Consequently, the SA can be counted
many think creating a legally recog­           When pressed, management dis­               on to provide staff and management
nized bargaining agent to represent            avowed the report. Some checking            with generally balanced, technically
staff would be a positive step.                with union contacts produced the intri­     competent critiques of Bank proposals­
   Bu( the reality is that forming a           guing information that the labor rela­      something provided nowhere else in
union at the Bank would be very diffi­         tions expert was in actuality a known       the institution, such as SA contribu­
cult. Furthermore, our association is          "union buster."                             tions to the salary adjustment debate,
evolving into a vehicle that serves us            Once the anger subsided, the SA was      the salary matrix and the Work Review.
well. It turns out, in our view, that          not a little impressed to find that we      Another typical example is the critique
moral suasion is the next best thing to        were held in such high esteem. But this     of the Rehabilitation Project's inade­
collective bargaining.                         bizarre incident also left us with ques­    quate workplace standards currently
   Periodically throughout the 20-year         tions. How are we acting like a union?      being prepared by the SA in conjunc­
history of the SA, there have been calls          The truth is, the SA does not now        tion with its working group, Bank ar­
to unionize. The last time was in 1987         and never has acted like a union for a      chitects and architectural consultants.
when the Bank ignored the Kafka I sal­         number of reasons. First, we do not            Bank culture, quality work and com­
ary guidelines for the third consecutive       have legal standing to represent staff in   munications-this is why the Bank has
year and also committed the double in­         collective bargaining. We do not even       to take SA positions seriously. And this
dignity of awarding staff in grades 11         really bargain or negotiate. Second, the    is why moral suasion works.
to 17 an increase smaller than other           only "manager" excluded from SA                The results speak for themselves. At
staff received as well as below CPI. The       membership is the President because         this moment, there are three joint
Delegate Assembly instructed the chair­        he is an outsider nominated by the US.      SAl management task forces to work
person to report back on the feasibility       So it would be a bit awkward striking       on important Bank issues (U.S. taxes,
of forming a union. Conversations              against ourselves. Third, it also doesn't   career development, work and family
were held with union representatives           make much sense striking against the        issues) and a number of other working
and a legal opinion was obtained from          Board which largely responds to man­        groups maintain close working rela­
the DA's counsel. But in the end, union­       agement proposals and is little in­         tions with management counterparts
ization was not pursued because of             volved in the day-to-day activities of      that allow the SA to shape results. The
legal and organizational complexities          the Bank. True, the SA has orchestrated     SA is making a difference every day in
and doubts regarding staff support.            three or four largely symbolic work         ways that benefit all staff.
   But does the SA act like a union?           stoppages in your 20-year history. But         Yes, collective bargaining would be
That is an interesting question.               they have been directed as "the Bank"       very nice. But if we can continue to
   Let us share an anecdote with you           as opposed to "Bank management."            shape the Bank through moral suasion,
from the Bank's "Dark Ages" not very           And that's an important distinction.        then we have gone far, as the Hausa
long ago. Management asked the Exec­              In fact, the SA has always worked        proverb says, in "accomplishment of
utive Committee to meet with a labor           through moral suasion rather than re­       purpose"-and "profit" will inevitable
relations expert to explore ways to im­        sorting to union tactics. And moral sua­    follow.                                 •

18   THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991
 Around the Bank 





They're Off!
About 25 youngsters raced along H Street as part of the April 21st 8K Family Run, sponsored by the Community Relations Office, to support
WETA-TV 26. The event raised $10,000.                                                                                        Photos by John Cleave




The eigth person to cross the line, Carleton Perry, too'k 28 minutes and 41 seconds to complete the course. Four-hundred-and-fifty-six adults and
some 30 children participated in the day's activities.




                                                                                                                                                         ("

                                                                                                                     THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991   19
     Around the Bank (continued)

     Anyone for Tennis?
     "It is a pleasure to send greeting to all participating in the World Bank's Interna­
     tional Tennis Cup. How wonderful that this day of recreation will benefit Reading
t.   is Fundamental." So wrote First Lady Barbara Bush encouraging the 56 adults and
     more than 250 inner-city children who joined in the festivities May II.
        The event was organized by the Bank's Community Relations Office and the
     U.S. Department of State and co-sponsored by the National Parks Service. Local
     businesses provided services and prizes for the winners and $5,000 was raised for
     RIF in Washington, D.C.
        Personnel Vice President Bilsel Alisbah and his wife awarded trophies and
     prizes to the finalists, while tennis champion Pam Shriver coached the youngsters,
     who also received awards for their achievements.                                    •




     More than 300 participants-56 adults and 250 children-enjoyed the World Bank International Tennis Cup. The day included facial decorations
     (top) and a tennic clinic, all of which amounted to a $5,000 check for Reading Is Fundamental.




                                               WE 'leE A '?Ro1=ESS'~AL                 .S;) TA ~E. '"Tt-\ \S
                                               BtlK, ANI) WE EXPEC..\"                   ~A<:.~AN~
                                               'PRoFESS\Of.Jf:;.,L. 'Nota\(              l<'C'DO \T­
                                               ~       BfE"R:'{ONE l-\aE.

                                                     \~:: .:. : :~:~




     20   THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991
                                                                                                         Bank's Ombudsman Named
                                                                                                         President
                                                                                                         At the Corporate Ombudsmen
                                                                                                         Association's Annual Meeting in Min­
                                                                                                         neapolis last month, Vincent Riley, the
                                                                                                         Bank's Ombudsman since 1986, was
                                                                                                         elected President. Mr. Riley, who joined
                                                                                                         the Bank staff in 1961 was, prior to be­
                                                                                                         coming Ombudsman, a Senior Adviser
                                                                                                         and former Division Chief in the Inter­
                                                                                                         national Relations Department.
                                                                                                            The Corporate Ombudsmen Associa­
                                                                                                         tion has a membership of 121 individu­
                                                                                                         als from 65 different corporations and
                                                                                                         institutions and its purpose is to en­
                                                                                                         hance the quality and value of the om­
                                                                                                         budsman function to business and in­
                                                                                                         dustry. At their annual conferences,
                                                                                                         members meet to discuss such topics as
                                                                                                         ethics, whistleblowing, harassment,
                                                                                                         and right to privacy.                    •




Children's Poster Contest.
At the Prize Ceremony for the United Way Campaign's Children's Poster Contest Aprill, Bank
President Barber Conable admires the poster drawn by Stephanie Pyle (daughter of David
Pyle, GSDAD). Stephanie was awarded third place in the 4- to 6-year old category. Contest
Chairperson Kathy Rosen, GSDAD, looks on.                                  Photo by Michele lannacci ,




 New Staff Members
Evelyn Armstrong                       Sahra F. Harbi 	                        Tracy A. McTernan                    D. Pinto Vallada Neto
Trinidad                               Somalia 	                               United States                        Brazil
Training Clerk/POP/ 4/22               Secretary/EM4/5/13 	                    Secretary / AS4/4/29                 Attorney/IFC/5/6
Jostein Aarrestad                      Bonnie J. Kramer 	                      Corina M. Monaghan                   Virginia C. Rahardjo
Norway                                 United States 	                         Brazil                               Philippines
Environ. Spec./ AFT /5/1               Management Cons./ORG/4/22 	             Asst. Guarantee                      Nutrition Spec./ AST/5/1
Cornelie A. Atwell                     Julia R. Lutz 	                         Ofcr./MIGA/4/29                      Mariama Roberts
United States                          United States 	                         BenS. Moss                           Sierra Leone
Info. Tech. Analyst/AF2/4/22           Secretary / AST / 4/22 	                India                                Secretary/IFC/4/22
Peter Bocock                                                                   Sr. Mail Clerk/GSO/4/29              Patricia T. Rodriguez
                                       James Lynch 	
United Kingdom                         United Kingdom 	                        Ronald E. Myers                      Uruguay
Projects Ofcr./EM3/4/29                General Educator / AST / 4 /22 	        United States                        Secretary/EOI/5/l
Margaret B. Cole                       William B. Marke 	                      Country Ofcr./LA2/4/29                Nadjib Sefta
Australia                              Sierra Leone 	                          Lydie Nicolas                         Algeria
Attorney /IFC/5/6                      Controls Spec. Act./CTR/4/22 	          France                                Energy Spec./ AF5/4/29
Chantal Foiret                         Gwendolyn McNorial 	                    B/L Secretary /LEG/4/30               Herberto Valdes Del Pino
Mauritius                              United States 	                         Antonio G. Pereira                    Uruguay
B/L Secretary /IFC/5/6                 Secretary/ AST /4/22 	                  Brazil                                EO's Asst./EDS/5/13
Jose I.D.R. Furtado                    Evan R. McCordick 	                     Education Spec./LA2/4/29              Miriam Q. Wood
                                                                                                                                                            'I
Singapore                              Canada                                  RubyPernia                            United States
Environ. Spec./EOI/5/6                 Investment Okr. /4/22                   Philippines                           B/L Secretary /EDS/5/6
Hatim M. Hajj                                                                  Expense Clerk/CTR/5/6
Sudan
Transport Spec./ AS3/5/13


                                                                                                                        THE BANK'S WORLD / JUNE 1991   21
~.

      Senior Staff Appointments




     Yoshiaki Abe                                                    Patricia Davies
     Japanese                                                        British
     Director, Country                                               Conferences Adviser,
     Department III, LAC                                             Bank/Fund Conferences
     Region, effective June 1.                                       Office, Secretary's
                                        Pieter Bottelier             Department, effective          Deborah S. Farrell
                                                                     April 22.                      American
                                        Dutch
                                        Director, Country                                           Manager, Division 2, IFC's
                                        Department II, EMENA                                        Capital Markets
                                        Region, effective July 15.                                  Department, effective June 1.




     Yves Albouy
     French                                                          Kemal Dervis
     Chief, Infrastructure and                                       Turkish
     Energy Division,                                                Director, Country
     Operations Evaluation                                           Department IV, EMENA
     Department, effective May 1.                                    Region, effective July 1.      Robert D. Graffam
                                        Russell Cheetham
                                        Australian                                                  American
                                        Director, Country                                           Director, IFC's Treasury
                                        Department V, EMENA                                         and Financial Policy
                                        Region, effective July 1.                                   Department, effective May 1.




     Michael Barth                                                   Nabil Faltas
     Dutch                                                           Egyptian
     Associate Director, IFC's                                       Manager, Division 4, IFC's
     Capital Markets                                                 Capital Markets
     Department, effective May 1.                                    Department, effective May 1.


     22   THE BANK'S WORLD! JUNE 1991
                                                                Photo unavailable
                                                              . Irving Kuczynski
                                                                British
                                                                Associate Director, IFC's




                               '. ;
                                                                Capital Markets
Francis D. Hamilton                                             Department, effective May 1.
British
Manager, newly-created
Securities and Syndications
Division, IFC's Capital
Markets Department,
effective May 1.
                                     ~,..
                                      '~'~-::
                                                          I
                                        '"
                              Kyung Hee Kim
                              Korean
                                                                                               Kenneth Newcombe
                                                                                               Australian
                              Senior Manager,                                                  Global Environment
                              newly-created Investment                                         Facility Operations
                              Operations, Money                                                Coordinator, Central
                              Markets Division,                                                Operations Department,
                              Investment Department,                                           effective April 22.
                              effective April 1.




Marianne Haug
German
Director, Country
Department V, Asia
Region, effective June 1.
                                                               Ping-Cheung Loh
                                                               Chinese
                                                               Director, Country
                                                               Department IV, LAC
                                                               Region, effective July 15.      Pilar San Jose
                              Jochen Kraske                                                    Filipino
                              German                                                           Chief Administrative
                              Director, Country                                                Officer, Office of the Vice
                              Department I, Asia                                               President, Personnel and
                              Region, effective July 1.                                        Administration, effective
                                                                                               June 1.




Ian Johnson 

British 

Administrator, Global 

Environment Facility, 

Environment Department, 

effective April 22. 




                                                                                               THE BANK'S WORLD I JUNE 1991   23
                                                                                                       -     -   ------              -,
                                                                                                                                         I
The purpose of this column is to answer          favorable. The results of the surveys        level 29 and above. Reserved parking
questions of broad interest concerning the       are tabulated and reported twice yearly.     spaces are also provided for Bank­
World Bank Group's policies and proce­              During CY90, the response rate aver­      owned vehicles, handicapped persons
dures. Please include your name and room         aged 83 percent. The average rating for      (see para 13(c) for criteria), and van
number so we can send you the answer to          overall performance by the individual        pools (see para 28)." The policy is
your question, even if it is not selected to     travel counselors was 4.8, and overall       strictly enforced. There are presently
appear in the magazine. Your confidential­       performance by American Express as a         1,634 parkers in our in-house garages,
ity will be protected and your name will         company was 4.5.                             85 of whom (5 percent) have been pro­
not be submitted to the manager from                In addition, as was mentioned in          vided reserved parking spaces in accor­
                                                 FYI 191 lOSS, dated April 4, a travel ser­   dance with the above criteria. Robert F.
whom an answer is sought. An anonymous
                                                 vices study is currently under way, the      Townsend, Chief, GSDSD
question can only be answered if it is of suf­
                                                 objectives being to fully define the
ficiently broad interest to be included in the   Bank's travel service needs, to evalua te       Question: With ITF pushing the rest
magazine. Send your questions to: Answer­        alternative competitive approaches for       of the Bank to use double-sided photo­
Line, The Bank's World, Rm. T-8044.              providing such services, and to recom­       copying, when is ITF going to im­
                  * * *                          mend appropriate financial arrange­          prove its own use of paper by: (a) de­
Note: Questions about the rehabilitation of      ments between the Bank and its con­          faulting computer output to the
the Main Complex should be sent to               tractor(s). Once the study is complete,      XEROX page printers instead of line
AnswerLine as well.                              there will follow a competitive procure­     printers (given that the FY91
                                                 ment process for the selection of the        Chargeback Rates suggest the former
                 * * *                           contractor, or contractors. Jacobus Van
   Question: Lately, I've heard a lot of                                                      to cost half the latter); and (b) also de­
comments and complaints from other               Den Berg, Chief, Travel and Shipping, GSD    fault the printing to double-sided in
colleagues about the deterioration of                                                         line with the photocopier policy?
service offered by American Express                 Question: There seems to be an               Answer: ITF does encourage the use
Travel to staff members on opera­                ever-increasing number of reserved           of double-sided printer paper when­
tional travel. The Bank has regularly            parking spaces, particularly in the E
                                                                                              ever possible because it is both cost-ef­
                                                 and D buildings. Who is entitled to a
surveyed staff on satisfaction with                                                           fective and environmentally responsi­
                                                 reserved parking space and who de­
key services affecting the work envi­                                                         ble. This position reflects Bank-wide
                                                 cides entitlement to a reserved park­
ronment, Le., office technology, build­                                                       initiatives in support of conservation.
                                                 ing space? Why is the number of bene­
ing operations, food services, attitude                                                       Consistent with these initiatives, ITF
                                                 ficiaries continuously growing? What
survey, etc. It's time a survey to assess                                                     has advised users to use double-sided
                                                 percentage of parking spaces is re­
satisfaction with American Express               served and what percentage of all            printing of computer output since this
Travel is conducted. Do you agree?               parking users has reserved space? Fi­        capability was first available in 1983.
   Answer: In 1987, GSDTR began to               nally, how does the number of re­            However, the decision of how output
survey travelers to measure user satis­          served parking spaces today compare          will be printed is made by users of the
faction with the level of service pro­           with that of, say, four years ago?           computing facility. ITF has priced print­
vided by the travel contractor. Every               Answer: While the configuration of        ing to provide an incentive to use the
two months, 100 questionnaires are               our garages is changing with the Main        most cost-effective means possible. In
sent out, 90 for operational travel, and         Complex Rehabilitation Project and on­       the past, we have raised the question of
10 for benefit travel. The selection of          going demolition and construction ac­        changing defaults as suggested in the
participants is made at random from              tivities, the Parking Office has encoun­     question; however, users of the comput­
the list of travelers ticketed during the        tered no change in the overall               ing systems have decided to stay with
survey month; no individual is asked             requirements for reserved parking. The       existing defaults because of the rather
to complete a questionnaire more than            policy for determining who is entitled       large cost in changing the control state­
once a year.                                     to reserved parking has also not             ments that are embedded within the
   From the responses to the 44 ques­            changed. Paragraph 31 of Administra­         programs for critical production appli­
tions in the survey, GSDTR is able to as­        tive Manual 5.70 provides Bank policy        cations. The judgment of users is that
sess American Express performance in             as follows: ''Reserved parking spaces,       the cost of changing the default condi­
the areas of staff rapport, professional­        identified by name, are provided in the      tions would not be justified by the ben­
ism, cost consciousness, technical ex­           in-house garages only for the Presi­         efits achieved. Additionally, some com­
pertise, service performance, manage­            dent, executive directors, alternate exec­   puter runs absolutely require line
ment effectiveness and unit                      utive directors, advisors to executive di­   printer output; other production runs
effectiveness. The ratings are based on          rectors, senior vice presidents, vice        cannot use double-sided printing.
a 6-point scale, with 6 being the most           presidents, and other senior staff at        Wayne Rayfield, Head, ITFCT